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Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Hall of Famer, Clarke played for and managed both the Louisville Colonels and Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "After his managing days ended in 1915, Clarke returned to his \"Little Pirate Ranch\" near Winfield, Kansas, which he had purchased with a down payment during his first year in the majors."
}
] |
6bbmaXnWbYIJ1W1okM2I
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Fred Clarke was born on a farm near Winterset, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Clarke impressed the Hastings team and he signed his first professional contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "In 1892, a professional team in Hastings, Nebraska sent a railroad ticket to Des Moines semiprofessional player Byron McKibbon, but McKibbon backed out and gave the ticket to Clarke instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "As a child in Des Moines, Clarke sold newspapers for the Iowa State Register where his boss was future Baseball Hall of Fame member, Ed Barrow."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "Fred Clarke was selected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as one of the first to be elected by the Old-Timers Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fred Clifford Clarke (October 3, 1872 – August 14, 1960) was an American Major League Baseball player from 1894 to 1915 and manager from 1897 to 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "At age two, his family moved as part of a covered wagon caravan from Iowa to Kansas before relocating to Des Moines, Iowa, five years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He was in the Southern League at age 21 and played for teams in Montgomery, Alabama, and Savannah, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Clarke was discovered in the minor leagues by Louisville part-owner, Barney Dreyfuss, and joined the Colonels in 1894."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "In his first game, he collected five hits in five at bats which is still a Major League record."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Hall of Famer, Clarke played for and managed both the Louisville Colonels and Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "After his managing days ended in 1915, Clarke returned to his \"Little Pirate Ranch\" near Winfield, Kansas, which he had purchased with a down payment during his first year in the majors."
}
] |
After leaving professional baseball he spent the rest of his life tending to his family's farm.
| 1 | 6 |
Fred Clarke
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "On July 1, 2018, the film passed $648 million at the worldwide box office, surpassing the $633 million the original film made in its entire theatrical run."
}
] |
6cUKSvDOXTrPryqE47Bz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "In April 2018, early box office projections had Incredibles 2 grossing $110 million in its opening weekend in the United States and Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the success of The Incredibles, Bird postponed development on a sequel to work on other films."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "On July 1, 2018, the film passed $648 million at the worldwide box office, surpassing the $633 million the original film made in its entire theatrical run."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "On September 2, its 80th day of release, it became the first animated film to gross over $600 million domestically."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Incredibles 2 grossed $608.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $634.2 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $1.242 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "One challenge in writing Incredibles 2 was how to deal with the large number of superhero films and television series that had been released since the first film, such as the Marvel Cinematic Universe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Giacchino returned to compose the score."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Incredibles 2 was named by the National Board of Review as the Best Animated Film of 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "You will with Incredibles 2.\" Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune, gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars and said, \"Incredibles 2 is content to punch the clock and stick to straight, bombastic action mode."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Following immediately after the events of the first film, the Incredibles and Frozone battle the Underminer who has just appeared to terrorize Municiberg."
}
] |
The Incredibles 2 saw the return of the villain Syndrome from the first film and was a box office success.
| 0 | 1 |
Incredibles 2
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith is the father to three children from his marriage to former wife Denise; sons Nikko and Dustin, and daughter Taryn."
}
] |
6cwB9uWiWDshuGlNWBrN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Upon receiving the start in Game 5, Smith nearly duplicated his Game 1 performance with four putouts, one assist, and no hits in four at-bats as part of another Cardinals defeat."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "Facing the Los Angeles Dodgers in the now best-of-seven NLCS, a split of the first four games set the stage for Game 5 at Busch Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Smith started Game 1 and subsequently registered three putouts and one assist in the field, but went hitless in four at-bats in the Cardinals' 4–2 loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "\"Because of his injury, Smith let his then four-year-old son Nikko perform his traditional Opening Day backflip before the Cardinals' first home game of the 1986 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "On September 2 Smith tied a career high by scoring four runs, one of which was a home run, and another on a close play at home plate in the bottom of the 10th inning against division leader Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith is the father to three children from his marriage to former wife Denise; sons Nikko and Dustin, and daughter Taryn."
}
] |
He has four kids.
| 2 | 3 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Susan Hayward (born Edythe Marrenner; June 30, 1917 – March 14, 1975) was an American actress and model."
}
] |
6d1VSRK2ZWp6KwyjdwWO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Decline as star",
"text": "Hayward made Thunder in the Sun (1959) with Jeff Chandler, a mediocre wagon train picture about French Basque pioneers, and then Woman Obsessed (1959) at Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak",
"text": "Hayward won a Best Actress Oscar for her portrayal of the real life death row inmate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Susan Hayward (born Edythe Marrenner; June 30, 1917 – March 14, 1975) was an American actress and model."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her paternal grandmother, Kate Harrigan, was an actress from County Cork, Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak",
"text": "Susan Hayward performed in the musical biography of singer Jane Froman in the 1952 film, With a Song in My Heart, a role which won her the Golden Globe for Best Actress Comedy film."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "Her last public appearance was at the Academy Awards telecast in 1974 to present the Best Actress award despite being very ill."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Warner Bros.",
"text": "She was also in Comet Over Broadway (1938), but returned to unbilled and began posing for pinup \"cheesecake\" publicity photos, something she and most actresses despised, but under her contract she had no choice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the late 1940s, the quality of her film roles had improved, and she achieved recognition for her dramatic abilities with the first of five Academy Award for Best Actress nominations for her performance as an alcoholic in Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman (1947)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Before her Catholic baptism, Hayward was a proponent of astrology."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hayward went into mourning and did little acting for several years."
}
] |
Hayward was a French actress and writer.
| 0 | 3 |
Susan Hayward
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Safety of particle collisions",
"text": "Two CERN-commissioned safety reviews examined these concerns and concluded that the experiments at the LHC present no danger and that there is no reason for concern, a conclusion endorsed by the American Physical Society."
}
] |
6derqJMUHQ75OKYcI2ip
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Safety of particle collisions",
"text": "The experiments at the Large Hadron Collider sparked fears that the particle collisions might produce doomsday phenomena, involving the production of stable microscopic black holes or the creation of hypothetical particles called strangelets."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Long Shutdown 2 (2018–2021) and beyond",
"text": "The goal of the upgrades is to implement the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project, that will increase the luminosity by a factor of 10."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider and the largest machine in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "The Large Hadron Collider gained a considerable amount of attention from outside the scientific community and its progress is followed by most popular science media."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety of particle collisions",
"text": "Two CERN-commissioned safety reviews examined these concerns and concluded that the experiments at the LHC present no danger and that there is no reason for concern, a conclusion endorsed by the American Physical Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "The episode includes actual footage from the repair facility to the inside of the collider, and explanations of the function, engineering, and purpose of the LHC.The Large Hadron Collider was the focus of the 2012 student film Decay, with the movie being filmed on location in CERN's maintenance tunnels."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Long Shutdown 2 (2018–2021) and beyond",
"text": "LS2 is projected to end in 2021, followed by Run 3."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "CERN employee Katherine McAlpine's \"Large Hadron Rap\" surpassed 7 million YouTube views."
},
{
"section_header": "Planned \"high-luminosity\" upgrade",
"text": "In addition to a possible increase to 14 TeV collision energy, a luminosity upgrade of the LHC, called the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, started in June 2018 that will boost the accelerator's potential for new discoveries in physics, starting in 2027."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety of particle collisions",
"text": "The reports also noted that the physical conditions and collision events that exist in the LHC and similar experiments occur naturally and routinely in the universe without hazardous consequences, including ultra-high-energy cosmic rays observed to impact Earth with energies far higher than those in any man-made collider."
}
] |
It was theorized that the Large Hadron Collider could end everything, but at least 2 safety people said nah, so it's fine.
| 2 | 8 |
Large Hadron Collider
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "At the 51st Annual Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele won awards in the categories of Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele won the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance."
}
] |
6eLysVZ3lBs0YUHxBKjy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: 25 and Adele Live 2016",
"text": "At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2017, Adele won all five of her nominations, bringing her number of awards to fifteen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele won the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–2014: 21, worldwide recognition and hiatus",
"text": "Following the throat microsurgery, she made her live comeback at the 2012 Grammy Awards in February."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "the 2012 Ivor Novello Awards in May, Adele was named Songwriter of the Year, and \"Rolling in the Deep\" won the award for Most Performed Work of 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "At the 51st Annual Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele won awards in the categories of Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "Adele was the second artist and first female, preceded by Christopher Cross, to have won all four of the general field awards throughout her career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The song won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a Golden Globe for Best Original Song, as well as the Brit Award for British Single of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "At the 2012 BMI Awards held in London in October, Adele won Song of the Year (for \"Rolling in the Deep\") in recognition of the song being the most played on US television and radio in 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and 19",
"text": "At the 51st Annual Grammy Awards in February 2009, Adele won the award for Best New Artist, in addition to the award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for \"Chasing Pavements\", which was also nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–2014: 21, worldwide recognition and hiatus",
"text": "She won in all six categories for which she was nominated, including Album of the Year, Record of the Year, and Song of the Year, making her the second female artist in Grammy history, after Beyoncé, to win that many categories in a single night."
}
] |
Adele won her first Grammy in 2012.
| 0 | 5 |
Adele
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England."
}
] |
6eMLOvSHq1sgFlznmF2L
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The story revolves around three families in England at the beginning of the 20th century: the Wilcoxes, rich capitalists with a fortune made in the colonies; the half-German Schlegel siblings (Margaret, Helen, and Tibby), whose cultural pursuits have much in common with the Bloomsbury Group; and the Basts, an impoverished young couple from a lower-class background."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature",
"text": "On Beauty, a novel by Zadie Smith, is based on Howards End and was written as a homage to Forster."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Leonard Bast's son with Helen is set to inherit Howards End from the Wilcox family, making some amends for the tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Rooks Nest House",
"text": "The house, known in Forster's childhood as \"Rooksnest\" had, as in the novel, been owned by a family named Howard, and the house itself had been called \"Howards\" in their day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was conceived in June 1908 and worked on throughout the following year; it was completed in July 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Rooks Nest House",
"text": "The letter was written in response to two compulsory purchase orders made by the Stevenage Development Corporation; it expressed the hope that 200 acres of the countryside around the house could be preserved both as one of the last beauty spots within 30 miles of London and \"because it is the Forster country of Howards End.\" In 1979, the centenary of the author's birth, the area was officially named the Forster Country by local planners after efforts by a campaign group, the Friends of the Forster Country, which aimed to preserve for future generations the landscape that Forster knew."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Charles Wilcox is found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to three years in prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is considered by many to be Forster's masterpiece."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "As soon as they encounter Helen at Howards End, they see the truth."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Howards End is Ruth's most prized possession; she feels a strong connection to it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England."
}
] |
Howards End is a book written in the 1990s that revolves around three families.
| 3 | 5 |
Howards End
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reaction",
"text": "Rumours about the Night of the Long Knives rapidly spread."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "As the purge claimed the lives of so many prominent Germans, it could hardly be kept secret."
}
] |
6ePrQYnR8aH4zOngtDrn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions intended to consolidate his power and alleviate the concerns of the German military about the role of Ernst Röhm and the Sturmabteilung (SA), the Nazis' paramilitary organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reaction",
"text": "Rumours about the Night of the Long Knives rapidly spread."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Night of the Long Knives was a turning point for the German government."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Night of the Long Knives represented a triumph for Hitler, and a turning point for the German government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The phrase \"Night of the Long Knives\" in the German language predates the killings and refers generally to acts of vengeance."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "As the purge claimed the lives of so many prominent Germans, it could hardly be kept secret."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reaction",
"text": "Almost unanimously, the army applauded the Night of the Long Knives, even though the generals Kurt von Schleicher and Ferdinand von Bredow were among the victims."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Night of the Long Knives (German: Nacht der langen Messer ), or the Röhm Purge, also called Operation Hummingbird (German: Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler and the Sturmabteilung (SA)",
"text": "In June 1932, one of the worst months of political violence, there were more than 400 street battles, resulting in 82 deaths."
},
{
"section_header": "Purge",
"text": "Enraged, Hitler tore the epaulets off the shirt of Obergruppenführer August Schneidhuber, the chief of the Munich police, for failing to keep order in the city the previous night."
}
] |
The Night of the Long Knives, a series of political extrajudicial executions ordered by Adolf Hitler, was kept secret until after Hitler's death.
| 0 | 0 |
Night of the Long Knives
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Conception | History of height increases",
"text": "Originally proposed as a virtual clone of the 560 m (1,837 ft) Grollo Tower proposal for Melbourne, Australia's Docklands waterfront development, the tower was redesigned by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill."
}
] |
6fQrioQsr0TSI755H099
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design",
"text": "Without the spire, Burj Khalifa would be 585 meters tall."
},
{
"section_header": "Conception | History of height increases",
"text": "Originally proposed as a virtual clone of the 560 m (1,837 ft) Grollo Tower proposal for Melbourne, Australia's Docklands waterfront development, the tower was redesigned by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "In June 2010, Burj Khalifa was the recipient of the 2010 \"Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa\" award by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design",
"text": "Khan's contributions to the design of tall buildings have had a profound impact on architecture and engineering."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Milestones",
"text": "10 March 2010: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest building."
},
{
"section_header": "Conception | History of height increases",
"text": "Marshall Strabala, a Skidmore, Owings and Merrill architect who worked on the project until 2006, said in late 2008 that Burj Khalifa was designed to be 808 m (2,651 ft) tall."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Burj Khalifa is surrounded by an 11 ha (27-acre) park designed by landscape architects SWA Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design",
"text": "It would be difficult to find any worldwide practices in the design of tall buildings that have not been directly or indirectly influenced by his work."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2016 American science fiction film Independence Day: Resurgence, the Burj Khalifa was seen where it—along with many other structures—is being thrown into London by the aliens using their mothership's anti-gravity pull."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Benches and signs incorporate images of Burj Khalifa and the Hymenocallis flower."
}
] |
The Burj Khalifa was designed to be 560 meters tall, originally.
| 0 | 4 |
Burj Khalifa
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "FilmThree US films have been based on the novel: The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1929) The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1944) The Bridge of San Luis Rey (2004)TheaterA play for puppets and actors was based on the novel, adapted by Greg Carter and directed by Sheila Daniels: The Bridge of San Luis Rey (2006)A play adapted by Cynthia Meier has been performed in Arizona and Connecticut."
}
] |
6gd0a4A9r0VaPLsOlyGk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recognition and influence",
"text": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey won the 1928 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel, and remains widely acclaimed as Wilder's most famous work."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "FilmThree US films have been based on the novel: The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1929) The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1944) The Bridge of San Luis Rey (2004)TheaterA play for puppets and actors was based on the novel, adapted by Greg Carter and directed by Sheila Daniels: The Bridge of San Luis Rey (2006)A play adapted by Cynthia Meier has been performed in Arizona and Connecticut."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition and influence | Influences",
"text": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey was cited by American writer John Hersey as a direct inspiration for his nonfiction work Hiroshima (1946)."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and sources",
"text": "The name of the bridge is drawn from the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia in San Diego County, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Four: Uncle Pio; Don Jaime",
"text": "Uncle Pio and Jaime leave the next morning, and are the fourth and fifth people on the bridge of San Luis Rey when it collapses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey is American author Thornton Wilder's second novel, first published in 1927 to worldwide acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Two: the Marquesa de Montemayor; Pepita",
"text": "She writes her \"first letter\" (actually Letter LVI) of courageous love to her daughter, but two days later, returning to Lima, she and Pepita are on the bridge of San Luis Rey when it collapses."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Three: Esteban",
"text": "The Captain offers to take him back to Lima to buy the present, and at the ravine spanned by the bridge of San Luis Rey, the Captain goes down to a boat that is ferrying some materials across the water."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel won the Pulitzer Prize in 1928, and was the best-selling work of fiction that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition and influence | Influences",
"text": "David Mitchell's novels Ghostwritten and Cloud Atlas, echo the story in many ways, most explicitly through the character Luisa Rey."
}
] |
Many films have been established from The Bridge of San Luis Rey, a fictional narrative known as a famous work.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bridge of San Luis Rey
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Released on October 5, 2007, the film grossed $93 million worldwide."
}
] |
6giNvmI6bwchn0BpJ1Zz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads: \"Michael Clayton is one of the most sharply scripted films of 2007, with an engrossing premise and faultless acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "Original Motion Picture Soundtrack: Michael Clayton was composed by James Newton Howard and released on September 25, 2007 on the Varèse Sarabande label."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "It opened in the United Kingdom on September 28, 2007, and at the Dubai Film Festival in December 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "The film premiered August 31, 2007 at the Venice Film Festival; was shown at the American Films Festival of Deauville on September 2, 2007; and at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "The film opened in limited release in the United States on October 5, 2007, and opened in wide release in the US on October 12, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "George Clooney as Michael Raymond Clayton."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Austin Williams as Henry Clayton, Michael's young son Denis O'Hare as Mr. Greer, a man involved in a hit-and-run incident who Michael is called upon to advise Julie White as Mrs. Greer, Mr. Greer's wife Robert Prescott as Verne, a hit man Terry Serpico as Iker, another hit man Katherine Waterston, in her feature debut, as \"Third Year\", which likely refers to the number of years she has been an attorney at Kenner, Bach, and Ledeen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Released on October 5, 2007, the film grossed $93 million worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "The film appeared on many critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2007."
}
] |
Clayton was debuted in 2007.
| 0 | 0 |
Michael Clayton
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the tale of a king who bequeaths his power and land to two of his three daughters, after they declare their love for him in an extremely fawning and obsequious manner."
}
] |
6h9VobcnOTQ6e5v88q9b
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the tale of a king who bequeaths his power and land to two of his three daughters, after they declare their love for him in an extremely fawning and obsequious manner."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Conversely, Frank Kermode, in the Riverside Shakespeare, considers the publication of Leir to have been a response to performances of Shakespeare's already-written play; noting a sonnet by William Strachey that may have verbal resemblances with Lear"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He eventually becomes tenderly reconciled to his third daughter, just before tragedy strikes her and then the king."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "There is no direct evidence to indicate when King Lear was written or first performed."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "King Lear of Britain, elderly and wanting to retire from the duties of the monarchy, decides to divide his realm among his three daughters, and declares he will offer the largest share to the one who loves him most."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio and audio",
"text": "The first recording of the Argo Shakespeare for Argo Records was King Lear in 1957, directed and produced by George Rylands with William Devlin in the title role, Jill Balcon as Goneril and Prunella Scales as Cordelia."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century",
"text": "Like other Shakespearean tragedies, King Lear has proved amenable to conversion into other theatrical traditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "A significant issue in the dating of the play is the relationship of King Lear to the play titled The True Chronicle History of the Life and Death of King Leir and his Three Daughters, which was published for the first time after its entry in the Stationers' Register of 8 May 1605."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 19th century",
"text": "Charles Lamb established the Romantics' attitude to King Lear in his 1811 essay \"On the Tragedies of Shakespeare, considered with reference to their fitness for stage representation\" where he says that the play \"is essentially impossible to be represented on the stage\", preferring to experience it in the study."
}
] |
King Lear has three daughters that were extremely fawning and is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare.
| 0 | 0 |
King Lear
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Hunt Pendleton (July 19, 1825 – November 24, 1889) was an American politician and lawyer."
}
] |
6hZyOlpaSb0SrQ1kFzsW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Memorials",
"text": "The George H. Pendleton House in Cincinnati is a National Historical Landmark and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | National politics",
"text": "Pendleton ran as an antiwar Democrat in the 1864 presidential elections for Vice President, together with George McClellan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Hunt Pendleton (July 19, 1825 – November 24, 1889) was an American politician and lawyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 1864 Democratic National Convention nominated a ticket of George B. McClellan, who favored continuing the war, and Pendleton, who opposed it."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1846, Pendleton was married to Mary Alicia Key (1824–1886), the daughter of Francis Scott Key, the lawyer, author, and amateur poet who is best known today for writing a poem which later became the lyrics for the United States' national anthem, \"The Star-Spangled Banner."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\" Together, George and Alicia were the parents of: Sarah Pendleton (born in Ireland, about 1846) Francis Key Pendleton (1850–1930), who was born in Cincinnati and became prominent in New York society during the Gilded Age. Mary Lloyd Pendleton (1852–1929), who was born in Cincinnati. Jane Francis Pendleton (1860–1950), who was born in the District of Columbia, April 22, 1860. George Hunt Pendleton (1863–1868), who died young."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During his time in the House of Representatives, he was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1862 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against West H. Humphreys, a US judge for several districts of Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Memorials",
"text": "The city of Pendleton, Oregon, is named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "At the end of his life, Pendleton suffered a stroke."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | National politics",
"text": "McClellan and Pendleton lost, receiving about 45% of the vote."
}
] |
George H. Pendleton was an author and illustrator of children's books in the late 1800's.
| 0 | 0 |
George H. Pendleton
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "In general, Kabalevsky was not as adventurous as his contemporaries in terms of harmony and preferred a more conventional diatonicism, interlaced with chromaticism and major-minor interplay."
}
] |
6haHCeY5Zuu9F9HV4YuS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky (Russian: Дми́трий Бори́сович Кабале́вский; 30 December [O.S. 17 December] 1904 – 14 February 1987) was a Russian composer and teacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Some of Kabalevsky's best-known \"youth works\" date from this era, such as the Violin Concerto and the First Cello Concerto."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "The important role played by the subdominant and the frequent juxtaposition of thirds in Kabalevsky's works are features common to many Russian composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Four Orders of Lenin (1964, 1971, 1974, 1984) Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1966) Order of the Badge of Honour (1940) Lenin Prize (1972) – a new version of the opera \"Colas Breugnon\" (1968) Stalin Prizesfirst class (1946) – for the 2nd quartet (1945) second class (1949) – Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (1948) second class – for the opera \"Taras Family\" (1950)USSR State Prize (1980) – for the 4th Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (\"Prague\") (1979) Glinka State Prize of the RSFSR (1966) – for \"Requiem\" for soloists, two choirs and orchestra (1962) Lenin Komsomol Prize (1984) Ivan Pavlov (1949) See List of compositions by Dmitry Kabalevsky"
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "By the age of 26 his list of compositions included the String Quartet, Op. 8, Piano Concerto, Op. 9, Eight Children's Songs, Op. 17, and various works for solo piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "In regards to his teaching, he was elected the head of the Commission of Musical Aesthetic Education of Children in 1962, and was also elected president of the Scientific Council of Educational Aesthetics in the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Another theory states that Kabalevsky's name was only on the list because of his position in the leadership of the Union of Soviet Composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "He then went on to study at the Moscow Conservatory where he learned composition with Nikolai Myaskovsky and piano with Alexander Goldenweiser."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "He also worked as a music critic for the All-Union Radio and as an editor for the Sovetskaya muzïka and the publisher Muzgiz."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "This is a testament to his ability to work creatively in the same conditions in which so many of his contemporary composers had difficulties."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "In general, Kabalevsky was not as adventurous as his contemporaries in terms of harmony and preferred a more conventional diatonicism, interlaced with chromaticism and major-minor interplay."
}
] |
Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky's compositional techniques in regards to chord arrangements and scale work were not particularly avant-garde.
| 0 | 0 |
Dmitry Kabalevsky
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reginald Martinez Jackson (born May 18, 1946) is an American former professional baseball right fielder who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, New York Yankees, and California Angels."
}
] |
6ihqG2M09SgxyyQMxqhQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | New York Yankees (1977–1981) | The Bronx Zoo",
"text": "Instead of completing a double play that would have ended the inning, the ball caromed into foul territory and allowed Thurman Munson to score the Yankees' second run of the inning."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | New York Yankees (1977–1981) | The Bronx Zoo",
"text": "Jackson hit a home run, and when he returned to right field the next inning, fans began throwing the Reggie bars on the field in celebration."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He played himself in the Archie Bunker's Place episode \" Reggie-3 Archie-0\" in 1982, a 1990 MacGyver episode, \"Squeeze Play\" , The Jeffersons episode"
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Kansas City / Oakland Athletics (1967–1975)",
"text": "On June 5, outfielder Billy North and Jackson engaged in a clubhouse fight at Detroit's Tiger Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Kansas City / Oakland Athletics (1967–1975)",
"text": "The Athletics sent him to play in Puerto Rico, where he played for the Santurce team and hit 20 homers and knocked in 47 runs to lead the league in both departments."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | New York Yankees (1977–1981) | The Bronx Zoo",
"text": "The two teams played a one-game playoff for the division title at Fenway Park, with the Yankees winning 5–4."
},
{
"section_header": "Collegiate athletic career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Jackson played for two Class A teams in 1966, with the Broncs for just 12 games, and then 56 games with Modesto in the California League, where he hit 21 homers."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement honors",
"text": "On September 5, 2018, before an Athletics game against the Yankees in Oakland, Jackson was inducted into the new Oakland Athletics Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Kansas City / Oakland Athletics (1967–1975)",
"text": "Crouser also noted that, \"Nobody seems to be neutral on Reggie Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | New York Yankees (1977–1981) | The Bronx Zoo",
"text": "The \"Reggie!\" bars were handed to fans as they walked into Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reginald Martinez Jackson (born May 18, 1946) is an American former professional baseball right fielder who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, New York Yankees, and California Angels."
}
] |
Reggie played for 5 teams in his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Reggie Jackson
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In addition, he was the winningest pitcher (left or right-handed) in the AL until 1921, when he was surpassed by Walter Johnson."
}
] |
6j0vLUNhl5538grMH4Jv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Stewart Plank (August 31, 1875 – February 24, 1926), nicknamed \"Gettysburg Eddie\", was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He won 305 games in the American League (AL), making him that league's winningest left-handed pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In addition, he was the winningest pitcher (left or right-handed) in the AL until 1921, when he was surpassed by Walter Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The first full-length biography of Eddie Plank entitled Gettysburg Eddie: The Story of Eddie Plank by Lawrence Knorr was published in 2018 by Sunbury Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Former teammate Jack Coombs said, \"I have always been thankful that I was thrown into such intimate contact with so inspiring a man in the days when the majority of ballplayers were of a much lower type than at the present time.\" In 1943, former teammate Eddie Collins remembered Plank as the greatest pitcher in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Upon hearing of Plank's death, Connie Mack said that he felt like a father who had just lost a son. \" Eddie Plank was one of the smartest left-hand pitchers it has been my pleasure to have on my club."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "began planning for the Eddie Plank Memorial Gymnasium at the college shortly after Plank's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A pitcher, Plank played in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Athletics from 1901 through 1914, the St. Louis Terriers in 1915, and the St. Louis Browns in 1916 and 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He won 20 games for the first time in his career in 1902, as the Athletics won the American League (AL) pennant."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Plank did not play baseball until Frank Foreman, the pitching coach at Gettysburg College, asked him to try out for the school's baseball team."
}
] |
American baseball player Eddie Plank is the winningest pitcher.
| 2 | 7 |
Eddie Plank
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Pep\", he played ten seasons in Major League Baseball for the New York Giants from 1917 through 1926, playing right field almost exclusively."
}
] |
6jdqu79Yu8RMCsv0o7Ed
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Youngs enjoyed playing golf and was considered the best golfer in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Pep\", he played ten seasons in Major League Baseball for the New York Giants from 1917 through 1926, playing right field almost exclusively."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Youngs made his major league debut on September 25 and played in seven of the last nine games of the season for the eventual National League (NL) pennant-winners: six in center field and one in right."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "The next season Robertson was traded to the Chicago Cubs for pitcher Phil Douglas, leaving Youngs to become a fixture in right field for the Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "Appearing in 17 games, he hit just .145 for the class-B Senators and, in 1915, found himself down in the Class-D leagues, playing for Brenham of the Middle Texas League and the Waxahachie Athletics of the Central Texas League; both leagues disbanded during the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "He made his professional baseball debut for the Austin Senators of the Texas League in 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After beginning his professional career in minor league baseball, the Giants signed him in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "They initially assigned him to the Rochester Hustlers, a team in the International League with which the Giants had a working relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Batting exclusively left-handed, Youngs responded by batting .302 in 121 games, finishing sixth in the league."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Youngs led the NL in runs scored in 1923, with 121, and his .348 batting average was the eighth best in the league."
}
] |
He was a major league pitcher.
| 0 | 0 |
Ross Youngs
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They were active from 1977 to 1988 and again from 1991 to 1995."
}
] |
6ju7h48BUA6PJpguDOuG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–present: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction",
"text": "Since the break-up of Dire Straits, Mark Knopfler has shown no interest in re-forming the band and is quoted as saying \"Oh, I don't know whether to start getting all that stuff back together again,\" and telling reporters that \"I would only do that for a charity."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–present: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction",
"text": "A plaque was placed on a block of flats in Deptford, London, the location where Dire Straits played their first gig."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They were active from 1977 to 1988 and again from 1991 to 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1977–1979: Early years and first two albums",
"text": "The group's first album, Dire Straits, was recorded at Basing Street studios in Notting Hill, London in February 1978, at a cost of £12,500."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dire Straits were a British rock band formed in London in 1977 by Mark Knopfler (lead vocals and lead guitar), David Knopfler (rhythm guitar and backing vocals), John Illsley (bass guitar and backing vocals), and Pick Withers (drums and percussion)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1977–1979: Early years and first two albums",
"text": "Brothers Mark and David Knopfler, from Newcastle in northeast England, and friends John Illsley and Pick Withers, from Leicester in the east midlands, formed Dire Straits in London in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1977–1979: Early years and first two albums",
"text": "That year, Dire Straits began a tour as opening band for Talking Heads after the re-released \"Sultans of Swing\" finally started to climb the UK charts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After disbanding once again in 1995, Knopfler launched his solo career full-time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–present: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction",
"text": "After disbanding Dire Straits, Mark Knopfler started his career as a solo artist, releasing his first solo album, Golden Heart, in March 1996 after nearly 20 years of collaborations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1984: Increased musical complexity and early success",
"text": "In July 1980 the band started recording tracks for their third album."
}
] |
Dire Straits are a London based rock band that started in 1977 and played together the whole time until 1995.
| 2 | 3 |
Dire Straits
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Relationship with other literature | The Bible",
"text": "Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad (by name — Muhammad is often alluded to as \"The Prophet\" or \"The Apostle\"), while Mary is mentioned in the Quran more than the New Testament."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship with other literature | The Bible",
"text": "In fact, Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual."
}
] |
6kbNSxzkN84pXlqpxkPv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "More modern works of Tafisr include Ma'ariful Qur'an written by Mufti Muhammad Shafi and Risale-i Nur by Bediüzzaman Said Nursi."
},
{
"section_header": "Text and arrangement",
"text": "An individual verse may be just a few letters or several lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship with other literature",
"text": "One scholar has suggested that the Diatessaron, as a gospel harmony, may have led to the conception that the Christian Gospel is one text."
},
{
"section_header": "Recitation | Variant readings",
"text": "Vocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds (tashkeel) were introduced into the text of the Qur'an during the lifetimes of the last Sahabah."
},
{
"section_header": "Text and arrangement",
"text": "Each sūrah consists of several verses, known as āyāt, which originally means a \"sign\" or \"evidence\" sent by God."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the recitation', Arabic pronunciation: [alqur'ʔaːn]), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah)."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Abrogation (Naskh) is often seen as an acknowledgment of contradicting Quranic verses."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation | Reappropriation",
"text": "Reappropriation is the name of the hermeneutical style of some ex-Muslims who have converted to Christianity."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and meaning",
"text": "Its liturgical context is seen in a number of passages, for example: \"So when al-qurʼān is recited, listen to it and keep silent."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prophetic era",
"text": "According to Welch, these seizures would have been seen by those around him as convincing evidence for the superhuman origin of Muhammad's inspirations."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship with other literature | The Bible",
"text": "Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad (by name — Muhammad is often alluded to as \"The Prophet\" or \"The Apostle\"), while Mary is mentioned in the Quran more than the New Testament."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship with other literature | The Bible",
"text": "In fact, Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual."
}
] |
There are several Catholic icons that are seen more in the Qur'an than the Christian texts.
| 0 | 0 |
Qur'an
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist."
}
] |
6l7ZbXpiYeoPyH0FJzal
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "Tape 2: Philip Glass. Produced and directed by Robert Ashley Philip Glass, from Four American Composers (1983); directed by Peter Greenaway"
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "A Composer's Notes: Philip Glass and the Making of an Opera (1985); directed by Michael Blackwood"
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "Looking Glass (2005); directed by Éric Darmon Glass: A Portrait of Philip in Twelve Parts (2007) ; directed by Scott Hicks"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Glass, Philip (1987). Music by Philip Glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1967–1974: Minimalism: From Strung Out to Music in 12 Parts",
"text": "The visual artist Richard Serra provided Glass with Gallery contacts, while both collaborated on various sculptures, films and installations; from 1971 to 1974 he became Serra's regular studio assistant."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glass founded the Philip Glass Ensemble, with which he still performs on keyboards."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "\"Michael White of The Daily Telegraph described Glass' Violin Concerto No. 2 as being as rewarding as chewing gum that's lost its flavour, and they're not dissimilar activites."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "OCLC 15521553.Reprinted in 1995 by Da Capo Press (ISBN 978-0306806360) with the addition of a new foreword by Glass and an updated music catalog and discography with 52 black & white photographs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Philip Glass is no Vivaldi, a composer who even at his most wallpaper baroque still has something to say."
}
] |
Philip Glass was the creator of glass sculpture chandeliers and designed the chandelier in the White House for Franklin D. Roosevelt.
| 1 | 5 |
Philip Glass
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
}
] |
6meTVT8wTGkgnnLWHRqW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "He chose to play Sergius while William Redfield starred as Bluntschli."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The play takes place during the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "His other plays of the period, equally well written, are about issues no longer controversial."
},
{
"section_header": "Pejorative military use of the term \"chocolate soldier\"",
"text": "The chocolate-cream soldier of the play has inspired a pejorative military use of the term."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "In the summer of 2013, Odyssey Theatre in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada performed a masked performance of this play."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Nonetheless, Shaw's original plot, and with it the central message of the play, remained more or less untouched."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "so many?\"Arms and the Man is a humorous play that shows the futility of war and deals comedically with the hypocrisies of human nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "The play was produced in 1982 at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, with Brian Bedford as Bluntschli and Len Cariou as Sergius."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A musical by Udo Jürgens, Helden, Helden, also based on Shaw's play, premiered at the Theater an der Wien, Vienna, Austria in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": ", Ontario has performed the play a number of times: in 1967, 1976, 1986, 1994, 2006 and 2014, the last directed by Morris Panych."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
}
] |
It is a tragic play.
| 0 | 0 |
Arms and the Man
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to a Nightingale\" is a poem by John Keats written either in the garden of the Spaniards Inn, Hampstead, London or, according to Keats' friend Charles Armitage Brown, under a plum tree in the garden of Keats' house at Wentworth Place, also in Hampstead."
}
] |
6mfnnm9IekP1bkKYZjkd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The exact date of \"Ode to a Nightingale\", as well as those of \"Ode on Indolence\", \"Ode on Melancholy\", and \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\", is unknown, as Keats dated all as 'May 1819'."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "According to Keats' friend Brown, Keats finished the ode in just one morning: \"In the spring of 1819 a nightingale had built her nest near my house."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "This reliance on vowel sounds is not unique to this ode, but is common to Keats's other 1819 odes and his Eve of St. Agnes."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Of Keats's six major odes of 1819, \"Ode to Psyche\", was probably written first and \"To Autumn\" written last."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Compared to his earlier verse, spondees are relatively abundant in his 1819 odes and other late poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It soon became one of his 1819 odes and was first published in Annals of the Fine Arts the following July."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to Brown, a nightingale had built its nest near the house that he shared with Keats in the spring of 1819."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It is possible that \"Ode to a Nightingale\" was written between 26 April and 18 May 1819, based on weather conditions and similarities between images in the poem and those in a letter sent to Fanny Brawne on May Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The presence of weather is noticeable in the poem, as spring came early in 1819, bringing nightingales all over the heath."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "When it comes to other sound patterns, Keats relies on double or triple caesuras in approximately 6% of lines throughout the 1819 odes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to a Nightingale\" is a poem by John Keats written either in the garden of the Spaniards Inn, Hampstead, London or, according to Keats' friend Charles Armitage Brown, under a plum tree in the garden of Keats' house at Wentworth Place, also in Hampstead."
}
] |
Ode to a Nightingale is a film that was released in 1819.
| 1 | 4 |
Ode to a Nightingale
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fame is a 1980 American teen musical drama film directed by Alan Parker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Producer David De Silva conceived the premise in 1976, partially inspired by the musical A Chorus Line."
}
] |
6n5Gs8fHGSIdJI4fnsBc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "In 2014, IndieWire added the song \"Fame\" to its list of \"The 20 Greatest Movie Theme Songs of the 1980s\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fame is a 1980 American teen musical drama film directed by Alan Parker."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "Parker explained, \"This song evolved from an all day session involving groups of kids from all disciplines, as we cobbled together the song with everyone chipping in their contributions.\" The filming of the \"Fame\" musical number inspired Gore to write an original song inspired by Donna Summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Bruno's father plays his music (\"Fame\") outside the school, inspiring the student body to dance in the streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "That same year, the film was a nominee for AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Fame premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre on May 12, 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Fame was released nationwide on June 20, 1980, distributed by MGM through United Artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The motion picture soundtrack album for Fame was released in the United States on May 16, 1980, by RSO Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and writing",
"text": "The musical inspired him to create a story detailing how ambition and rejection influence the lives of adolescent students."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Producer David De Silva conceived the premise in 1976, partially inspired by the musical A Chorus Line."
}
] |
The 1980 movie Fame was inspired by a musical in the 70's.
| 0 | 0 |
Fame (1980 film)
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
}
] |
6n7dvP49MdM1mIqHdFpN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked number 87 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and finished third in voting at shortstop for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "The parties entered into a contract dispute before the 1980 season, and when negotiations lasted into spring training, the Padres renewed Smith's contract at his 1979 salary of $72,500 Smith's agent told the Padres the shortstop would forgo the season to race in the Tour de France, despite the fact Smith admitted to The Break Room on 96.5 WCMF in Rochester, New York he had never heard of the Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "In 1981, Smith made his first All-Star Game appearance as a reserve player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was a teammate of future National Basketball Association player Marques Johnson on the basketball team, and a teammate of future fellow Hall-of-Fame player Eddie Murray on the baseball side."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres | Trade",
"text": "McKeon and Herzog agreed in principle to a six-player trade, with Templeton for Smith as the centerpiece."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "After the World Series championship, Smith and the Cardinals agreed on a new contract in January 1983 that paid Smith $1 million per year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "On December 10, 1981, the Padres traded him along with a player to be named later and Steve Mura to the Cardinals for a player to be named later, Sixto Lezcano and Garry Templeton."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2012, Smith made news headlines again, when he sold all of his Gold Gloves at auction together for more than $500,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Drafted as an amateur player by the Padres, Smith made his major league debut in 1978."
}
] |
Osborne "Ozzie" Smith was a baseball player for the New York Yankees.
| 1 | 1 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "Yastrzemski retired in 1983 at the age of 44, although he stated in his autobiography"
}
] |
6nTBaV0urbCLc8jWiTeg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Michael Yastrzemski (; nicknamed \"Yaz\"; born August 22, 1939) is an American former Major League Baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "Prior to his induction in the Baseball Hall of Fame, in 1986, Carl Yastrzemski was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "On September 12, 1979 Carl Yastrzemski achieved another milestone becoming the first American League player with 3000 career hits and 400 home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carl also played Little League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "Yastrzemski retired in 1983 at the age of 44, although he stated in his autobiography"
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "In 1999, Yastrzemski ranked number 72 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raised on his father's potato farm, Carl played on sandlot baseball teams with his father, who, he maintains, was a better athlete than he was."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "Referring to Williams, Yastrzemski wrote: \"He got rid of all the individuality, made us into a team, gave us an incentive, and made us want to win.\" In 1968 Yastrzemski again won the batting championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "Yastrzemski was the first player to collect over 3,000 hits and 400 home runs solely in the American League (the feat has since been accomplished by Cal Ripken Jr.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Yastrzemski was born in Southampton, New York to Carl Yastrzemski, Sr. and Hattie Skonieczny."
}
] |
American baseball player Carl Yastrzemski wrote an autobiography.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Yastrzemski
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A sequel called Jolson Sings Again was released in 1949."
}
] |
6nfqaYSLaJeuuKl8y6f6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jolson Story is a 1946 American Technicolor musical biography film which purports to tell the life story of singer Al Jolson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A sequel called Jolson Sings Again was released in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio adaptation",
"text": "Lux Radio Theatre presented The Jolson Story on February 16, 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "The film is recognized by the American Film Institute in these lists: 2006: AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – Nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot accuracy",
"text": "There is no evidence that Jolson ever appeared as a child singer, and he was brought up by his sister, not his mother (who had died)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Al Jolson, determined to appear on screen somehow, persuaded the producer to film him instead of Larry Parks for the blackface \"Swanee\" number."
},
{
"section_header": "Quotations",
"text": "\"I heard some music tonight. Something they call 'jazz.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She walks out of the picture, and out of his life, leaving Al to his first love: singing."
},
{
"section_header": "Quotations",
"text": "Music nobody ever heard of before, but the only kind I want to sing.\" (Jolson, explaining what he's been doing) \"That's an audience that never saw a live show."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Asa changes his mind, and his name: he begins to perform as Al Jolson."
}
] |
The Jolson Story is a 1946 American Technicolor musical biography film which purports to tell the life story of singer Al Jolson, with the sequel called Jolson Sings Again was released in 1959.
| 0 | 0 |
The Jolson Story
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 – May 17, 2012), widely known by her stage name based on her married name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter and actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Summer publicly denied that she had ever made any such comments, and in a letter to the AIDS campaign group ACT UP in 1989 said it was \"a terrible misunderstanding.\" In explaining why she did not respond to ACT UP sooner, Summer stated \"I was unknowingly protected by those around me from the bad press and hate letters."
}
] |
6nwQbMgWBJYQw3LDQ2aV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "She allegedly had made anti-gay remarks regarding the then-relatively new disease, AIDS."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 – May 17, 2012), widely known by her stage name based on her married name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter and actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Summer publicly denied that she had ever made any such comments, and in a letter to the AIDS campaign group ACT UP in 1989 said it was \"a terrible misunderstanding.\" In explaining why she did not respond to ACT UP sooner, Summer stated \"I was unknowingly protected by those around me from the bad press and hate letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "Singer Natasha Bedingfield honored Summer, calling her \"a remarkable woman who brought so much light and who inspired many women, including myself, through her music."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990–1999: Mistaken Identity, acting, and Live & More Encore",
"text": "In 1989, this was \"an issue. So with that mentality we just backed out of it.\" In 1990, a Warner compilation, The Best of Donna Summer, was released (No U.S. issue)."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "Respect.. Respect.. Lenny\". Beyoncé penned a personal note: \"Donna Summer made music that moved me both emotionally and physically to get up and dance."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "We Can Make It\" No. 80 and Summer's remarkable rendition of Barry Manilow's"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "While working as a model part-time and back up singer in Munich, Summer met German-based producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte during a recording session for Three Dog Night at Musicland Studios."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Several subsequent singles included Donna performing with the group, and the name \"Gayn Pierre\" was used while performing in Godspell with Helmuth Sommer during 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On January 5, 1981, she gave birth to their daughter Brooklyn Sudano (who is now an actress, singer and dancer), and on August 11, 1982 she gave birth to their daughter Amanda Sudano (who in 2005 became one half of the musical duo Johnnyswim alongside Abner Ramirez)."
}
] |
The American singer, songwriter and actress Donna Summer apologized in 1989 for allegedly made homophobic remarks during the AIDS epidemic.
| 3 | 4 |
Donna Summer
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After telling him the pregnancy was a lie as well, Sid checks into a motel and hangs himself."
}
] |
6oB4JFbLRAaLSuzoGKOj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "An Officer and a Gentleman was an enormous box office success and went on to become the third-highest-grossing film of 1982, after E.T.: The Extra Terrestrial and Tootsie."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "An Officer and a Gentleman was well received by critics and is widely considered one of the best films of 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Ebert described An Officer and a Gentleman as \"a wonderful movie precisely because it's so willing to deal with matters of the heart... it takes chances, takes the time to know and develop its characters, and by the time this movie's wonderful last scene comes along, we know exactly what's happening, and why, and it makes us very happy.\"Rex"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its title is an old expression from the Royal Navy and later from the U.S. Uniform Code of Military Justice's charge of \"conduct unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman\" (from 1860)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It grossed $3,304,679 in its opening weekend and $129,795,554 overall at the domestic box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Zack attends a dinner with Sid and his parents and learns that Sid has a long-time girlfriend back home who he is planning to marry once he receives his commission."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An Officer and a Gentleman is a 1982 American romantic drama film starring Richard Gere, Debra Winger, and Louis Gossett Jr., who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film, making him the first African American male to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Zack begins a relationship with Paula while Sid dates Lynette."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Meanwhile, Lynette has been dropping hints to Sid that she may be pregnant with his child."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Locations",
"text": "Some early scenes of the movie were filmed in Bremerton, with ships of the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in the background."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After telling him the pregnancy was a lie as well, Sid checks into a motel and hangs himself."
}
] |
In the movie An Officer and a Gentleman, Sid dies of a gunshot wound.
| 0 | 0 |
An Officer and a Gentleman
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and children",
"text": "Kidman has been married twice: first to actor Tom Cruise, and later to country singer Keith Urban."
}
] |
6oDggNkyoqHXUYDYBe08
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has been married to singer Keith Urban since 2006, and was earlier married to Tom Cruise."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "I Know Why They Call It Pop: Volume 2 by Rok Lok Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Vol. Vol. 2. In 2006, she contributed with her vocal for the OST Happy Feet on a rendition of the Prince song \"Kiss\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and children",
"text": "Kidman has been married twice: first to actor Tom Cruise, and later to country singer Keith Urban."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and children",
"text": "Kidman met Cruise in November 1989, while filming Days of Thunder; they were married on Christmas Eve in Telluride, Colorado."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and children",
"text": "Prior to marrying Cruise, Kidman had been involved in relationships with Australian actor Marcus Graham and Windrider (1986) co-star Tom Burlinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and children",
"text": "Kidman married Urban on 25 June 2006, at Cardinal Cerretti Memorial Chapel in the grounds of St Patrick's Estate, Manly in Sydney."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Worldwide recognition (1995–2003)",
"text": "TIME magazine wrote, \"Kidman takes strength from Ada's plight and grows steadily, literally luminous."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Continued success (2004–2009)",
"text": "During this time, Kidman was also listed as the 45th Most Powerful Celebrity on the 2005 Forbes Celebrity 100 List."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Continued success (2004–2009)",
"text": "Kidman, whose screen time was brief compared to the other actresses, performed the musical number \"Unusual Way\", alongside Day-Lewis."
}
] |
Kidman has been married 2 times.
| 3 | 3 |
Nicole Kidman
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The show premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007 and concluded on May 16, 2019, having broadcast a total of 279 episodes over twelve seasons."
}
] |
6oVP8Akr3tl6gF7UGZFk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Spin-off series",
"text": "Subsequent weekly episodes began airing on November 2, 2017 following the broadcast of the 237th episode of The Big Bang Theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Gilbert returned to The Big Bang Theory for its 200th episode."
},
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Television special",
"text": "On May 16, 2019, a television special titled Unraveling the Mystery: A Big Bang Farewell aired following the series finale of The Big Bang Theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Theme song",
"text": "the title as \"Big Bang Theory Theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | UK distribution and ratings",
"text": "Following the airing of the first eight episodes of that show's fourth season, The Big Bang Theory returned to finish airing its eighth season on March 19, 2015.Netflix UK & Ireland announced on February 13, 2016 that seasons 1–8 would be available to stream from February 15, 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcast",
"text": "The Big Bang Theory premiered in the United States on September 24, 2007 on CBS."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "first and second pilots of The Big Bang Theory were directed by James Burrows, who did not continue with the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Spin-off series",
"text": "The initial idea for the series came from Parsons, who passed it along to The Big Bang Theory producers."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Canadian ratings",
"text": "The Big Bang Theory started off quietly in Canada, but managed to garner major success in later seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Canadian ratings",
"text": "The Big Bang Theory has pulled ahead and has now become the most-watched entertainment television show in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The show premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007 and concluded on May 16, 2019, having broadcast a total of 279 episodes over twelve seasons."
}
] |
The Big Bang Theory aired for 279 episodes.
| 1 | 7 |
The Big Bang Theory
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lee Jun-fan (Chinese: 李振藩; November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973), commonly known as Bruce Lee (Chinese: 李小龍), was a Hong Kong American actor, director, martial artist, martial arts instructor and philosopher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lee moved to the United States at the age of 18 to receive his higher education at the University of Washington in Seattle, and it was during this time that he began teaching martial arts."
}
] |
6oxZvdoCSZytrJEsVQqP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was introduced to the film industry by his father and appeared in several films as a child actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lee Jun-fan (Chinese: 李振藩; November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973), commonly known as Bruce Lee (Chinese: 李小龍), was a Hong Kong American actor, director, martial artist, martial arts instructor and philosopher."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On July 20, 1973, Lee was in Hong Kong to have dinner with actor George Lazenby, with whom he intended to make a film."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1966 to 1970: American roles and creating Jeet Kune Do",
"text": "At the time, two of Lee's martial arts students were Hollywood script writer Stirling Silliphant and actor James Coburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1971 to 1973: Hong Kong films and Hollywood breakthrough",
"text": "Warner Bros. Filming began in Hong Kong in February 1973 and was completed in April 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1971 to 1973: Hong Kong films and Hollywood breakthrough",
"text": "One month into the filming, another production company, Starseas Motion Pictures, promoted Bruce Lee as a leading actor in Fist of Unicorn, although he had merely agreed to choreograph the fight sequences in the film as a favour to his long-time friend Unicorn Chan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Family",
"text": "Lee's father, Lee Hoi-chuen, was one of the leading Cantonese opera and film actors at the time and was embarking on a year-long opera tour with his family on the eve of the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Family",
"text": "After the war ended, Lee Hoi-chuen resumed his acting career and became a more popular actor during Hong Kong's rebuilding years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1959 to 1964: Continuous studies and martial arts breakthrough",
"text": "That year Lee also started to teach martial arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Friends, students, and contemporaries",
"text": "Actor and karate champion Chuck Norris was a friend and training partner of Lee's."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lee moved to the United States at the age of 18 to receive his higher education at the University of Washington in Seattle, and it was during this time that he began teaching martial arts."
}
] |
Hong Kong American actor Bruce Lee was a child actor and began teaching martial arts in college.
| 0 | 0 |
Bruce Lee
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the 2013 season, he announced his retirement as the active major league leader in complete games, with 67."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On November 7, 2017, Halladay died when his ICON A5 amphibious plane crashed into the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Florida."
}
] |
6p0vyKnjKG06JJu7X8Z7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement",
"text": "On December 9, 2013, Halladay signed a ceremonial one-day contract with the Blue Jays and announced his retirement from baseball due to injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement",
"text": "Halladay was elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017 and the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum on January 22, 2019 in his first year of eligibility, garnering 85.41% of the vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement",
"text": "Halladay also volunteered as a baseball coach at Calvary Christian High School in Clearwater, Florida where his oldest son played baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement",
"text": "At his press conference, Halladay listed a persistent back injury, as well as wanting to be more involved with his family, as his reasons for retiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement",
"text": "Although retired as a player, Halladay continued to be a part of the game as a guest instructor for the Philadelphia Phillies and Toronto Blue Jays."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement",
"text": "His wife and sons announced that they did not choose a logo for his cap, which leaves Roberto Alomar as the sole Cooperstown inductee as a Blue Jay."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the 2013 season, he announced his retirement as the active major league leader in complete games, with 67."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2010",
"text": "He also was named the MLB \"This Year in Baseball Awards\" Starting Pitcher of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2010 | Postseason no-hitter",
"text": "The fans voted his no-hitter as the \"This Year in Baseball Awards\" Postseason Moment of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On February 12, 2018, the Toronto Blue Jays announced they would retire Halladay's number 32 on Opening Day of the 2018 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On November 7, 2017, Halladay died when his ICON A5 amphibious plane crashed into the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Florida."
}
] |
Halladay died less than five years after announcing his retirement from baseball.
| 1 | 7 |
Roy Halladay
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Areopagitica; A speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing, to the Parlament of England is a 1644 prose polemic by the English poet, scholar, and polemical author John Milton opposing licensing and censorship."
}
] |
6pfnmg0LsM5ea85eloRG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Areopagitica was published 23 November 1644 at the height of the English Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Areopagitica; A speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing, to the Parlament of England is a 1644 prose polemic by the English poet, scholar, and polemical author John Milton opposing licensing and censorship."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern references to Areopagitica",
"text": "In each instance, Milton is cited by the Court's members to support a broad and expansive protection of free speech and association."
},
{
"section_header": "Argument | Conclusion",
"text": "Regardless, Milton certainly is not without remorse for the libellous author, nor does he promote unrestricted free speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Areopagitica, A Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing to the Parliament of England with a Commentary by Sir Richard C. Jebb and with Supplementary Material."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern references to Areopagitica",
"text": "Finally, Justice Black cited Areopagitica when he dissented from the Court's upholding of restrictions on the Communist Party of the United States against a free speech and free association challenge in Communist Party of the United States v. Subversive Activities Control Board."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Areopagitica is among history's most influential and impassioned philosophical defences of the principle of a right to freedom of speech and expression."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It takes its title in part from Areopagitikos (Greek: Ἀρεοπαγιτικός), a speech written by Athenian orator Isocrates in the 4th century BC. (The Areopagus is a hill in Athens, the site of real and legendary tribunals, and was the name of a council whose power Isocrates hoped to restore.) Some argue that it is more importantly also a reference to the defense that St Paul made before the Areopagus in Athens against charges of promulgating foreign gods and strange teachings, as recorded in Acts 17:18–34.Like Isocrates, Milton (who was not a Member of Parliament) did not mean his work to be an oral speech to that assembly."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "This prohibition is necessary because, as Milton recognised in Areopagitica, to threaten censorship prior to publication would have a chilling effect on expression and speech, or in Milton's view, it would interfere with the pursuit of truth as it relates to a providential plan."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Arber, Edward, ed. Arber, Edward, ed. (1903). John Milton Areopagitica [24 November] 1644 preceded by illustrative documents."
}
] |
The speech by John Milton Areopagitica is a defense of free speech at the height of the English Civil War.
| 0 | 0 |
Areopagitica
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Stanley Mazeroski (born September 5, 1936) is an American former baseball second baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1956–1972 and hit one of the epic home runs in major league history, a dramatic ninth-inning blast that decided the 1960 World Series and remains the only walk-off homer in a seventh game."
}
] |
6ppgHjSA3dTkzkTQulJ3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mazeroski took part in 10 All-Star Games and was a Gold Glove Award winner eight times."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Stanley Mazeroski (born September 5, 1936) is an American former baseball second baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1956–1972 and hit one of the epic home runs in major league history, a dramatic ninth-inning blast that decided the 1960 World Series and remains the only walk-off homer in a seventh game."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He also earned his first of eight Gold Glove Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "He was also in a commercial for FSN Pittsburgh featuring former Pirates first baseman Sean Casey."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "One season later, the Pirates stunned the baseball world with a second-place finish, while Mazeroski blossomed into an All-Star for the first time in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "As a 17-year-old in 1954, Mazeroski signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "His 19 home runs and 69 RB1 ranked second at his position in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Film cameo",
"text": "In reality, Mazeroski never suffered such an inglorious moment during his playing days, but according to the Society for American Baseball Research was part of triple plays in both 1966 and 1968 as a fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "While his defensive ability typically overshadowed his contributions with a bat — Pirates broadcaster Bob Prince often referred to him as simply \"The Glove\" — Mazeroski had several productive offensive seasons with one of the most potent attacks in the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "As a rookie, Mazeroski struggled at the plate, which prompted manager Bobby Bragan to drop him to last in the batting order for 10 games late in the season."
}
] |
Bill Mazeroski is an American former baseball second baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1956–1972, and took part in 10 All-Star Games and was a Gold Glove Award winner eight times.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill Mazeroski
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Rouge et le Noir (French pronunciation: [lə ʁuʒ e l(ə) nwaʁ]; meaning The Red and the Black) is a historical psychological novel in two volumes by Stendhal, published in 1830."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The adventures of the hero satirize early 19th-century French society, accusing the aristocracy and Catholic clergy of being hypocritical and materialistic, foretelling the radical changes that will soon depose them from their leading roles in French society."
}
] |
6q1U38K0Hfkb6vY3l6zG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Le Rouge et le Noir is the Bildungsroman of Julien Sorel, the intelligent and ambitious protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "et le Noir: Chronique du XIXe siècle (The Red and the Black: A Chronicle of the 19th Century), indicates its twofold literary purpose as both a psychological portrait of the romantic protagonist, Julien Sorel, and an analytic, sociological satire of the French social order under the Bourbon Restoration (1814–30)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Rouge et le Noir (French pronunciation: [lə ʁuʒ e l(ə) nwaʁ]; meaning The Red and the Black) is a historical psychological novel in two volumes by Stendhal, published in 1830."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The first chapter of each volume repeats the title Le Rouge et le Noir and the subtitle Chronique de 1830."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In English, Le Rouge et le Noir is variously translated as Red and Black, Scarlet and Black, and The Red and the Black, without the subtitle."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Le Rouge et le Noir is set in the latter years of the Bourbon Restoration (1814–30) and the days of the 1830 July Revolution that established the Kingdom of the French (1830–48)."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Presuming a knowledgeable reader, Stendhal only alludes to the historical background of Le Rouge et le Noir—yet did subtitle the novel Chronique de 1830 (\"Chronicle of 1830\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "Le Rouge et le Noir is a 1961 French made-for-TV film version directed by Pierre Cardinal, with Robert Etcheverry, Micheline Presle, Marie Laforêt, and Jean-Roger Caussimon."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "In Mensonge romantique et vérité romanesque (Deceit, Desire and the Novel, 1961), philosopher and critic René Girard identifies in Le Rouge"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "et le Noir, Chronique du XIXe siècle (1830) was first translated into English ca. 1900"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The adventures of the hero satirize early 19th-century French society, accusing the aristocracy and Catholic clergy of being hypocritical and materialistic, foretelling the radical changes that will soon depose them from their leading roles in French society."
}
] |
The novel Le Rouge et le Noir is a satire about 19th century England.
| 0 | 0 |
The Red and the Black
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top ten films of 2016, and won the Academy Award, Golden Globe, Critics Choice Movie Award and Annie Award for Best Animated Feature Film, as well as receiving a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film (which eventually lost to the aforementioned Kubo)."
}
] |
6qURaWBMgkGvAs4vzB7o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "His concept, in which animals live in a modern world designed by animals for animals, was well received by Lasseter, who responded by embracing and lifting Howard \"in the air like a baby Simba\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries",
"text": "Zootopia received a scattered release as Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures took advantage of school holidays in various markets."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zootopia received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised its screenplay, animation, voice acting, subject matter, and Michael Giacchino's musical score."
},
{
"section_header": "Merchandise",
"text": "A card game based on the film called Zootopia: Suspect Search was released, as well as a game for mobile phones titled Zootopia Crime Files."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They locate the missing predators—all gone savage—imprisoned at Cliffside Asylum, where Mayor Leodore Lionheart hides them from the public while trying to determine the cause of their behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top ten films of 2016, and won the Academy Award, Golden Globe, Critics Choice Movie Award and Annie Award for Best Animated Feature Film, as well as receiving a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film (which eventually lost to the aforementioned Kubo)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads: \"The brilliantly well-rounded Zootopia offers a thoughtful, inclusive message that's as rich and timely as its sumptuously state-of-the-art animation—all while remaining fast and funny enough to keep younger viewers entertained."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Release and alternative titles",
"text": "It has been shown for the first time to the public as a feature film in the international competition for a young audience during the Brussels Animation Film Festival on February 7, 2016.The film was retitled for theatrical release across several international territories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film earned numerous accolades; it was named one of the top ten best films of 2016 by the American Film Institute, and received an Academy Award, Golden Globe, Critics' Choice Movie Award, and Annie Award for Best Animated Feature Film, it also received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film, but lost to Kubo and the Two Strings."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Research for the film took place in Disney's Animal Kingdom, as well as in Kenya and the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, where animators spent eight months studying various animals' walk cycles as well as fur color."
}
] |
Zootopia was not well received by the public.
| 0 | 0 |
Zootopia
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Institution | Legislation",
"text": "NP leaders argued that South Africa did not comprise a single nation, but was made up of four distinct racial groups: white, black, Coloured and Indian."
}
] |
6qo3OW1sKQPzv9UhZBbd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"aparthood\") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 until the early 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Population Registration Act, 1950 classified all South Africans into one of four racial groups based on appearance, known ancestry, socioeconomic status, and cultural lifestyle: \"Black\", \"White\", \"Coloured\", and \"Indian\", the last two of which included several sub-classifications."
},
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Education",
"text": "By 1948, before formal Apartheid, 10 universities existed in South Africa: four were Afrikaans, four for English, one for Blacks and a Correspondence University open to all ethnic groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Institution | Election of 1948",
"text": "When the National Party came to power in 1948, there were factional differences in the party about the implementation of systemic racial segregation."
},
{
"section_header": "Homeland system",
"text": "Of these 20 homelands, 19 were classified as black, while one, Basterland, was set aside for a sub-group of Coloureds known as Basters, who are closely related to Afrikaners."
},
{
"section_header": "Institution | Legislation",
"text": "NP leaders argued that South Africa did not comprise a single nation, but was made up of four distinct racial groups: white, black, Coloured and Indian."
},
{
"section_header": "International legal, political and social uses of the term",
"text": "The South African experience has given rise to the term \"apartheid\" being used in a number of contexts other than the South African system of racial segregation."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal resistance",
"text": "Basing its platform on abolishing apartheid and creating a nonracial democratic South Africa, the UDF provided a legal way for domestic human rights groups and individuals of all races to organise demonstrations and campaign against apartheid inside the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Asians during apartheid",
"text": "They were classified as part of the Coloured racial group."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years of apartheid | Factors | Economic contradictions",
"text": "To a large extent, the political ideology of apartheid had emerged from the colonisation of Africa by European powers which institutionalised racial discrimination and exercised a paternal philosophy of \"civilising inferior natives."
}
] |
Apartheid was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that categorized four groups based on race.
| 2 | 6 |
Apartheid
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert, who invaded in 1101, disputed Henry's control of England; this military campaign ended in a negotiated settlement that confirmed Henry as king."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Treaty of Alton, 1101–02",
"text": "By early 1101, Henry's new regime was established and functioning, but many of the Anglo-Norman elite still supported his brother Robert, or would be prepared to switch sides if Robert appeared likely to gain power in England."
}
] |
6qugQfw4fHH89agfb6ES
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life, 1068–1099 | Childhood and appearance, 1068–86",
"text": "Physically he resembled his older brothers Robert Curthose, Richard and William Rufus, being, as historian David Carpenter describes, \"short, stocky and barrel-chested,\" with black hair."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On William's death in 1087, Henry's elder brothers Robert Curthose and William Rufus inherited Normandy and England, respectively, but Henry was left landless."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Conquest of Normandy, 1103–06",
"text": "Henry had no way of legally removing the Duchy from his brother, and initially Henry avoided using the title \"duke\" at all, emphasising that, as the King of England, he was only acting as the guardian of the troubled Duchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Government, family and household | Relations with the Church | Church and the King",
"text": "On one hand, the symbolism and homage was important to him; on the other hand, he needed Anselm's support in his struggle with his brother Duke Robert."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Treaty of Alton, 1101–02",
"text": "The brothers then agreed to the Treaty of Alton, under which Robert released Henry from his oath of homage and recognised him as king; Henry renounced his claims on western Normandy, except for Domfront, and agreed to pay Robert £2,000 a year for life; if either brother died without a male heir, the other would inherit his lands; the barons whose lands had been seized by either the King or the Duke for supporting his rival would have them returned, and Flambard would be reinstated as bishop; the two brothers would campaign together to defend their territories in Normandy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, 1068–1099 | Inheritance, 1087–88",
"text": "Robert, the eldest, despite being in armed rebellion against his father at the time of his death, received Normandy."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy | Death",
"text": "Hugh Bigod dubiously testified that Henry, on his deathbed, had released the barons from their oath to Matilda, and with the help of his brother, Henry of Blois, Stephen seized power in England and was crowned king on 22 December."
},
{
"section_header": "Government, family and household | Government, law and court",
"text": "Despite being a lively community, Henry's court was more tightly controlled than those of previous kings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Treaty of Alton, 1101–02",
"text": "By early 1101, Henry's new regime was established and functioning, but many of the Anglo-Norman elite still supported his brother Robert, or would be prepared to switch sides if Robert appeared likely to gain power in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert, who invaded in 1101, disputed Henry's control of England; this military campaign ended in a negotiated settlement that confirmed Henry as king."
}
] |
Henry I's brother Robert wanted to be king of England.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry I of England
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Alleged unfair business practices",
"text": "Many business owners have said that Yelp salespeople have offered to remove or suppress negative reviews if they purchase advertising."
}
] |
6r2FwCxIotf34kigwBtG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Features for businesses",
"text": "Yelp added the ability for business owners to respond to reviews in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Public entity (2012–present)",
"text": "It is dubbed as Google Pigeon, which helped authoritative local directory sites like Yelp and TripAdvisor, in getting more visibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Features for businesses",
"text": "Business owners can also flag a review to be removed, if the review violates Yelp's content guidelines."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Features for businesses",
"text": "In 2014, Yelp released an app for business owners to respond to reviews and manage their profiles from a mobile device."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Alleged unfair business practices",
"text": "Many business owners have said that Yelp salespeople have offered to remove or suppress negative reviews if they purchase advertising."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Features for businesses",
"text": "In some other cases, disputes between reviewers and business owners have led to harassment and physical altercations."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Features for businesses",
"text": "A business owner can \"claim\" a profile, which allows them to respond to reviews and see traffic reports."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Features for businesses",
"text": "The system has led to criticisms that business owners can bribe reviewers with free food or discounts to increase their rating, though Yelp users say this rarely occurs."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship with businesses",
"text": "A 2014 survey of 300 small business owners done by Yodle found that 78 percent were concerned about negative reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Astroturfing",
"text": "The filter sometimes filters legitimate reviews, leading to complaints from business owners."
}
] |
Yelp gets mixed reviews from smaller business owners.
| 1 | 6 |
Yelp
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Restoration and eighteenth century",
"text": "Ferdinand Fleck, notable as the first German actor to present Shakespeare's tragic roles in their fullness, played Macbeth at the Berlin National Theatre from 1787."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Nineteenth century",
"text": "Robert Elliston, for example, produced a popular adaptation of Macbeth in 1809 at the Royal Circus described in its publicity as \"this matchless piece of pantomimic and choral performance\", which circumvented the illegality of speaking Shakespeare's words through mimed action, singing, and doggerel verse written by J. C. Cross."
}
] |
6rPmkBMB1ziNf60HfMW2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century to present",
"text": "Kurosawa was a fan of the play and planned his own adaptation for several years, postponing it after learning of Orson Welles' Macbeth (1948)."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and motifs | Witchcraft and evil",
"text": "\" They were not only political traitors, but spiritual traitors as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act IV",
"text": "Macbeth orders Macduff's castle be seized, and, most cruelly, sends murderers to slaughter Macduff, as well as Macduff's wife and children."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act II",
"text": "fearing that whoever killed Duncan desires their demise as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Superstition and \"The Scottish Play\"",
"text": "If a play was not doing well, it would invariably get 'pulled' and replaced with a sure-fire audience pleaser –"
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Shakespeare's day to the Interregnum",
"text": "The play contains more musical cues than any other play in the canon as well as a significant use of sound effects."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century to present",
"text": "The production, dubbed The Voodoo Macbeth, proved inflammatory in the aftermath of the Harlem riots, accused of making fun of black culture and as \"a campaign to burlesque negroes\" until Welles persuaded crowds that his use of black actors and voodoo made important cultural statements."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century to present",
"text": "In 1936, a decade before his film adaptation of the play, Orson Welles directed Macbeth for the Negro Theatre Unit of the Federal Theatre Project at the Lafayette Theatre in Harlem, using black actors and setting the action in Haiti: with drums and Voodoo rituals to establish the Witches scenes."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "It is also widely believed that the character of Hecate, as well as some lines of the First Witch (4.1 124–31), were not part of Shakespeare's original play but were added by the Folio editors and possibly written by Middleton, though \"there is no completely objective proof\" of such interpolation."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Restoration and eighteenth century",
"text": "\"In 1794, Kemble dispensed with the ghost of Banquo altogether, allowing the audience to see Macbeth's reaction as his wife and guests see it, and relying upon the fact that the play was so well known that his audience would already be aware that a ghost enters at that point."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Restoration and eighteenth century",
"text": "Ferdinand Fleck, notable as the first German actor to present Shakespeare's tragic roles in their fullness, played Macbeth at the Berlin National Theatre from 1787."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Nineteenth century",
"text": "Robert Elliston, for example, produced a popular adaptation of Macbeth in 1809 at the Royal Circus described in its publicity as \"this matchless piece of pantomimic and choral performance\", which circumvented the illegality of speaking Shakespeare's words through mimed action, singing, and doggerel verse written by J. C. Cross."
}
] |
Macbeth was not well receieved in the 1800s.
| 0 | 0 |
Macbeth
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider and the largest machine in the world."
}
] |
6rkx6iRMYFil00lcqQZ6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider and the largest machine in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In particle physics, colliders are used as a research tool: they accelerate particles to very high kinetic energies and let them impact other particles."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety of particle collisions",
"text": "The experiments at the Large Hadron Collider sparked fears that the particle collisions might produce doomsday phenomena, involving the production of stable microscopic black holes or the creation of hypothetical particles called strangelets."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "Approximately 96 tonnes of superfluid helium-4 is needed to keep the magnets, made of copper-clad niobium-titanium, at their operating temperature of 1.9 K (−271.25 °C), making the LHC the largest cryogenic facility in the world at liquid helium temperature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After upgrades it reached 6.5 TeV per beam (13 TeV total collision energy, the present world record)."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety of particle collisions",
"text": "The reports also noted that the physical conditions and collision events that exist in the LHC and similar experiments occur naturally and routinely in the universe without hazardous consequences, including ultra-high-energy cosmic rays observed to impact Earth with energies far higher than those in any man-made collider."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "A collider is a type of a particle accelerator with two directed beams of particles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "First collisions were achieved in 2010 at an energy of 3.5 teraelectronvolts (TeV) per beam, about four times the previous world record."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Run 2: second operational run (2015–2018)",
"text": "In 2016, the machine operators focused on increasing the luminosity for proton-proton collisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture | Fiction",
"text": "It is also involved in mass vigilance through the \"ECHELON\" project and has connection with many mercenary groups worldwide, to avoid the creation of other time machines."
}
] |
It is the largest energy particle collider and machine in the world.
| 1 | 4 |
Large Hadron Collider
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cecil John Rhodes (5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902) was a British mining magnate, and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896."
}
] |
6sFaU3uYuTFcycRwrQb2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Then-president Robert Mugabe also opposed the move."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "\"The Return of the Ronin\". The 1976 Hugh Masekela album Colonial Man has a song titled \"Cecil Rhodes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cecil John Rhodes (5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902) was a British mining magnate, and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics in South Africa",
"text": "In 1890, Rhodes became Prime Minister of the Cape Colony."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics in South Africa",
"text": "It forced Cecil Rhodes to resign as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony, sent his oldest brother Col. Frank Rhodes to jail in Transvaal convicted of high treason and nearly sentenced to death, and contributed to the outbreak of the Second Boer War."
},
{
"section_header": "Expanding the British Empire | Rhodesia",
"text": "North-Western and North-Eastern Rhodesia were used from 1895 for the territory which later became Northern Rhodesia, then Zambia."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "While Prime Minister of the Cape Colony, he helped to remove most of their legal disabilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "Rhodes advocated the governance of indigenous Africans living in the Cape Colony \"in a state of barbarism and communal tenure\" as \"a subject race."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials | Opposition",
"text": "Following a series of protests and vandalism at the University of Cape Town, various allied movements both in South Africa and other countries have been launched in opposition to Cecil Rhodes memorials."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "Rhodes advocated greater self-government for the Cape Colony, in line with his preference for the empire to be controlled by local settlers and politicians rather than by London."
}
] |
Cecil Rhodes was the founder of Rhodesia and President of the Cape Colony.
| 0 | 1 |
Cecil Rhodes
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Climate",
"text": "The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus' tropopause is 49 K (−224 °C; −371 °F), making Uranus the coldest planet in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has the coldest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System, with a minimum temperature of 49 K (−224 °C; −371 °F), and has a complex, layered cloud structure with water thought to make up the lowest clouds and methane the uppermost layer of clouds."
}
] |
6t6qAbqYAnD9RuMS4yZm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Moons | Planetary rings",
"text": "These new rings are so far from Uranus that they are called the \"outer\" ring system."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation | Axial tilt",
"text": "The labelling of this pole as \"south\" uses the definition currently endorsed by the International Astronomical Union, namely that the north pole of a planet or satellite is the pole that points above the invariable plane of the Solar System, regardless of the direction the planet is spinning."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Internal structure | Internal heat",
"text": "The total power radiated by Uranus in the far infrared (i.e. heat) part of the spectrum is 1.06±0.08 times the solar energy absorbed in its atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Moons | Planetary rings",
"text": "They concluded that there must be a ring system around Uranus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like the other giant planets, Uranus has a ring system, a magnetosphere, and numerous moons."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Internal structure | Internal heat",
"text": "The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus' tropopause is 49 K (−224.2 °C; −371.5 °F), making Uranus the coldest planet in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Moons | Planetary rings",
"text": "The ring system was definitively discovered on 10 March 1977 by James L. Elliot, Edward W. Dunham, and Jessica Mink using the Kuiper Airborne Observatory."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate",
"text": "The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus' tropopause is 49 K (−224 °C; −371 °F), making Uranus the coldest planet in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has the coldest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System, with a minimum temperature of 49 K (−224 °C; −371 °F), and has a complex, layered cloud structure with water thought to make up the lowest clouds and methane the uppermost layer of clouds."
}
] |
The new rings of Uranus in the Solar System are part of a system heating up the hottest planet using a network of spinning energy.
| 0 | 0 |
Uranus
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Biographer Patrick McGilligan stated in his book Jack's Life that Latvian-born Eddie King (originally Edgar A. Kirschfeld), June's manager, may have been Nicholson's biological father, rather than Furcillo."
}
] |
6tFMywq0VHx6aWmvqdcz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "The film's director, Rob Reiner, recalls how Nicholson's level of acting experience affected the other actors during rehearsals: \"I had the luck of having Jack Nicholson there."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Jack Nicholson's performance is a wonder of insight."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is known for having played a wide range of starring or supporting roles, including comedy, romance, and darkly comic portrayals of anti-heroes and villainous characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Biographer Patrick McGilligan stated in his book Jack's Life that Latvian-born Eddie King (originally Edgar A. Kirschfeld), June's manager, may have been Nicholson's biological father, rather than Furcillo."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Hobbies",
"text": "Nicholson is a collector of 20th-century and contemporary art, including the work of Henri Matisse, Tamara de Lempicka, Andy Warhol and Jack Vettriano."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Their scenes together gave the film its \"buoyant edge\", states McGilligan, and describes Nicholson's acting as \"Jack floating like a butterfly\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "The film swept the Academy Awards with nine nominations, and won the top five, including Nicholson's first for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "After that, who is there but Jack Nicholson?"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As June was only seventeen years old and unmarried, her parents agreed to raise Nicholson as their own child without revealing his true parentage, and June would act as his sister."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Celebrity friendships",
"text": "After Brando's death in 2004, Nicholson purchased his bungalow for $6.1 million, with the purpose of having it demolished."
}
] |
Jack Nicholson's biological parentage may have included European royalty.
| 0 | 1 |
Jack Nicholson
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet is an 1887 detective novel written by Arthur Conan Doyle."
}
] |
6tGjPsa0mGIl4NPdeop5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "A two-reel short film, also titled A Study in Scarlet, was released in the United States in 1914, a day after the British film with the same title was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "In the film, titled A Study in Scarlet, Holmes was played by James Bragington, an accountant who worked as an actor for the only time of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "It is also a lost film. The 1933 film entitled A Study in Scarlet, starring Reginald Owen as Sherlock Holmes and Anna May Wong as Mrs Pyke, bears no plot relation to the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "As the first Sherlock Holmes story published, A Study in Scarlet was among the first to be adapted to the screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although Conan Doyle wrote 56 short stories featuring Holmes, A Study in Scarlet is one of only four full-length novels in the original canon."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "He was hired for his resemblance to Holmes, as presented in the sketches originally published with the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "As early silent films were made with film that itself was made with poor materials, and film archiving was then rare, it is now a lost film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The film was successful enough for Samuelson to produce the 1916 film The Valley of Fear."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The American film starred Francis Ford as Holmes, and was not authorised by Doyle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet is an 1887 detective novel written by Arthur Conan Doyle."
}
] |
A Study in Scarlet was originally a crime film.
| 3 | 7 |
A Study in Scarlet
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "Orion's seven brightest stars form a distinctive hourglass-shaped asterism, or pattern, in the night sky."
}
] |
6u64uekPKZzxkTMfFwwK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Deep-sky objects",
"text": "It contains a dark dust cloud whose shape gives the nebula its name."
},
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "Orion's seven brightest stars form a distinctive hourglass-shaped asterism, or pattern, in the night sky."
},
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "Four stars—Rigel, Betelgeuse, Bellatrix and Saiph—form a large roughly rectangular shape, in the centre of which lie the three stars of Orion's Belt—Alnitak, Alnilam and Mintaka."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Deep-sky objects",
"text": "Another fairly bright nebula in Orion is NGC 1999, also close to the Great Orion Nebula."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Asian antiquity",
"text": "BCE has striking resemblance with Orion."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Depictions",
"text": "There are alternative ways to visualise Orion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is named after Orion, a hunter in Greek mythology."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology",
"text": "Orion is used as a symbol in the modern world."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Contemporary symbolism | In fiction",
"text": "Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Bright stars",
"text": "It serves as the left foot of Orion, the hunter."
}
] |
Orion has a prism like shape.
| 3 | 7 |
Orion (constellation)
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The outstanding catcher of the 1870s during baseball's barehanded period, he caught more games than any other player during the decade, and was a major figure on five consecutive championship teams from 1873 to 1877 – three in the National Association (NA), in which he played throughout its five-year existence from 1871 to 1875, and two in the National League (NL), which was formed as the first fully recognized major league in 1876, partially as a result of White and three other stars moving from the powerhouse Boston Red Stockings to the Chicago White Stockings."
}
] |
6v1IAa175aAoC01VNurd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "On May 16, 1884 White recorded 11 assists at third base, which remains the major league record for a nine-inning game although eight other players have since tied the mark."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He was considered the best barehanded catcher of his time, as well as one of the best third baseman during the second half of his career; his combined total of games caught in the NA and NL was eventually passed by Pop Snyder in 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He earned the first hit in baseball's first fully professional league – a double off Bobby Mathews of the Fort Wayne Kekiongas in the first inning of the first game in National Association history on May 4, 1871; he also made the first catch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The outstanding catcher of the 1870s during baseball's barehanded period, he caught more games than any other player during the decade, and was a major figure on five consecutive championship teams from 1873 to 1877 – three in the National Association (NA), in which he played throughout its five-year existence from 1871 to 1875, and two in the National League (NL), which was formed as the first fully recognized major league in 1876, partially as a result of White and three other stars moving from the powerhouse Boston Red Stockings to the Chicago White Stockings."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "White learned baseball from a Union soldier who returned to his hometown after the Civil War in 1865."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "In the rough-and-tumble 19th-century baseball era, White was a nonsmoking, Bible-toting, church-going deacon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "White was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Both teams were actually managed by Harry B. \"Deacon\" White."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His cousin Elmer White also played baseball professionally as James' teammate in 1871; in March 1872, Elmer was the first recorded professional baseball player to die."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1871, White was the first batter to come to the plate in the National Association, the first professional baseball league."
}
] |
White caught the most balls in 70s baseball.
| 0 | 3 |
Deacon White
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Instead, he was traded to the New York Yankees on December 7, 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "As a player, Cox originally signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers, but was never able to make the Dodgers' major league team."
}
] |
6vEiRn11FkFQA0mA9zpa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | New York Yankees farm system",
"text": "He then spent the 1977 season as the first base coach on Billy Martin's staff with the World Series–winning Yankees before beginning his MLB managerial career."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Cox played two seasons, mostly at third base, for the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Eventually he was acquired by the Braves, but never appeared in an MLB game for them either."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Instead, he was traded to the New York Yankees on December 7, 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | New York Yankees farm system",
"text": "Cox began his managerial career in the Yankees farm system in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bobby Cox is married to Pamela and has eight children."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Atlanta Braves have since retired the number 6 in commemoration of Bobby Cox."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "As a player, Cox originally signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers, but was never able to make the Dodgers' major league team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Because of bad knees, Cox became the second in a string of four stopgap players between Clete Boyer and Graig Nettles."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "In the 156 games that Bobby Cox was ejected, his teams had a winning percentage of .385."
}
] |
Bobby Cox played for the Yankees at the beginning of his MLB career.
| 0 | 0 |
Bobby Cox
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1940–1948: Career beginnings",
"text": "She was carefully groomed for stardom and given a new name: Jennifer Jones."
}
] |
6vHL2fQkrV8n5DsAL67o
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jennifer Jones (born Phylis Lee Isley; March 2, 1919 – December 17, 2009), also known as Jennifer Jones Simon, was an American actress and mental health advocate."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Public discussion of Jones's working relationship with her husband, David O. Selznick, has often overshadowed her career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jones is among the youngest actresses to receive an Academy Award, having won on her 25th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1919–1939: Early life",
"text": "Her father was originally from Georgia, while her mother was a native of Sacramento, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1965–2009: Later life and activities",
"text": "\"I hope we can reeducate the world to see there's no more need for stigma in mental illness than there is for cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Jones suffered from shyness for much of her life and avoided discussing her past and personal life with journalists."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1919–1939: Early life",
"text": "After having failed a screen test for Paramount Pictures, Jones became disenchanted with Hollywood and decided to return to New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1949–1964: Marriage to Selznick",
"text": "Jones married Selznick at sea on July 13, 1949, en route to Europe, after having carried on a relationship for five years."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1919–1939: Early life",
"text": "Jones was born Phylis Lee Isley in Tulsa, Oklahoma on March 2, 1919, the daughter of Flora Mae (née Suber) and Phillip Ross Isley."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1940–1948: Career beginnings",
"text": "She was carefully groomed for stardom and given a new name: Jennifer Jones."
}
] |
Jennifer Jones was selected and trained to be famous, including having her moniker changed from it's original 'Phylis Lee Isely', to something more palatable to the public.
| 0 | 4 |
Jennifer Jones
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory Pope Gregory I (Latin: Gregorius I; c. 540 – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death."
}
] |
6vTvKHOVbUCQP7lmzFN7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Apocrisiariate (579–585) | Controversy with Eutychius",
"text": "Shortly after both Gregory and Eutychius became ill; Gregory recovered, but Eutychius died on 5 April 582, at age 70."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Alms",
"text": "The state in which Gregory became pope in 590 was a ruined one."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory Pope Gregory I (Latin: Gregorius I; c. 540 – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials | Feast day",
"text": "Before that, it assigned his feast day to 12 March, the day of his death in 604."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy",
"text": "When he became pope in 590, among his first acts was writing a series of letters disavowing any ambition to the throne of Peter and praising the contemplative life of the monks."
},
{
"section_header": "Monastic years",
"text": "However, after the eldest two, Trasilla and Emiliana, died after seeing a vision of their ancestor Pope Felix III, the youngest soon abandoned the religious life and married the steward of her estate."
},
{
"section_header": "Apocrisiariate (579–585) | Controversy with Eutychius",
"text": "Tiberius also died a few months after Eutychius."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary literature",
"text": "Cantor, Norman F. (1993). The Civilization of the Middle Ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Apocrisiariate (579–585)",
"text": "Gregory was elected by acclamation to succeed Pelagius II in 590, when the latter died of the plague spreading through the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Apocrisiariate (579–585) | Controversy with Eutychius",
"text": "In Constantinople, Gregory took issue with the aged Patriarch Eutychius of Constantinople, who had recently published a treatise, now lost, on the General Resurrection."
}
] |
Pope Gregory I became died in 604 due to at the age of 70..
| 1 | 2 |
Pope Gregory I
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "He began his military training at the Baoding Military Academy in 1906, the same year Japan left its bimetallic currency standard, devaluing its yen."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "During his first visit to Japan to pursue a military career from April 1906 to later that year, he describes himself having strong nationalistic feelings with a desire among other things to, 'expel the Manchu Qing and to restore China'."
}
] |
6wY3i87UKPSrcZWtVwj4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "In a 1969 speech, Chiang related a story about his boat trip to Japan at nineteen years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Successive demands of the Western powers and Japan since the Opium War had left China owing millions of taels of silver."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Chiang used the story as an example of how the common man in 1969 Taiwan had not developed the spirit of public sanitation that Japan had."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "He began his military training at the Baoding Military Academy in 1906, the same year Japan left its bimetallic currency standard, devaluing its yen."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "During his first visit to Japan to pursue a military career from April 1906 to later that year, he describes himself having strong nationalistic feelings with a desire among other things to, 'expel the Manchu Qing and to restore China'."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Chiang grew up at a time in which military defeats, natural disasters, famines, revolts, unequal treaties and civil wars had left the Manchu-dominated Qing dynasty destabilized and in debt."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Another passenger on the ship, a Chinese fellow student who was in the habit of spitting on the floor, was chided by a Chinese sailor who said that Japanese people did not spit on the floor, but instead would spit into a handkerchief."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Chiang decided to pursue a military career."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "He left for Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, a preparatory school for the Imperial Japanese Army Academy intended for Chinese students, in 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "There, he came under the influence of compatriots to support the revolutionary movement to overthrow the Manchu-dominated Qing dynasty and to set up a Han-dominated Chinese republic."
}
] |
Chiang Kai-shek was educated in Japan.
| 0 | 0 |
Chiang Kai-shek
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Stellan Skarsgård, James Spader, and Samuel L. Jackson."
}
] |
6wfbwltgkT2iuUld2dFF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thor departs to consult with Dr. Erik Selvig on the apocalyptic future he saw in his hallucination, while Nick Fury arrives and encourages the team to form a plan to stop Ultron."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "so he's a very dangerous child.\" Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury: The former director of S.H.I.E.L.D. who originally recruited the Avengers and continues to be a mentor and leader for the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": ", Whedon said he was undecided about directing."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Promotion",
"text": "Avengers: Age of Ultron received the second most social media mentions at the convention, following Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, but had a higher intend-to-see response."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Stellan Skarsgård, James Spader, and Samuel L. Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Skarsgård said he was originally not supposed to appear in the film, but received a call because \"they'd written a couple of scenes, and I went and did them,\" not knowing if the scenes would appear in the final cut of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "On August 6, Whedon announced on social media that he had completed principal photography on Avengers: Age of Ultron."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In March 2012, Joss Whedon, director of the first film, stated that he would want a sequel to be \"smaller."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "[Joss Whedon] takes a few wrong turns, creating a jumble when the action gets too thick."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "In July 2015, Whedon stated that he did not intend on releasing a director's cut of Avengers: Age of Ultron because despite the film's complexity, he was satisfied with the theatrical version and did not think it needed to be tweaked."
}
] |
Written by Nick Fury and directed by Joss Whedon Avengers: Age of Ultron was well received.
| 0 | 0 |
Avengers: Age of Ultron
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "All echinoderms are marine and nearly all are benthic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – \"hedgehog\" and δέρμα, derma – \"skin\") of marine animals."
}
] |
6xGJf9nFjZhjQHJpotFa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The phylum contains about 7000 living species, making it the second-largest grouping of deuterostomes (a superphylum), after the chordates (which include the vertebrates, such as birds, fishes, mammals, and reptiles)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – \"hedgehog\" and δέρμα, derma – \"skin\") of marine animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "All echinoderms are marine and nearly all are benthic."
}
] |
All the mammals are Echinodermatas.
| 0 | 1 |
Echinodermata
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles James \"Chick\" Hafey (February 12, 1903 – July 2, 1973) was an American player in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
}
] |
6xhbTcskRE5AGBIeOLh0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Hafey, however, had suffered multiple beanings in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Hafey was fifth in the voting for the 1931 MVP award."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Hafey was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hafey was born on February 12, 1903 in Berkeley, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Not long after that, Hafey abandoned that comeback due to a salary dispute."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Rickey responded by trading Hafey to the last-place Cincinnati Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Hafey announced that he would attempt another comeback with the Reds in February 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The St. Louis Cardinals signed Hafey out of high school as a pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "When Rickey refused, Hafey bolted from St. Louis' spring training camp."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Hafey was happy to join the Reds, who gave him the raise he had sought, but his career faltered."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles James \"Chick\" Hafey (February 12, 1903 – July 2, 1973) was an American player in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
}
] |
Hafey received his nickname because he was very handsome and attracted many women to him.
| 0 | 0 |
Chick Hafey
|
Literature
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes, in certain modern nations."
}
] |
6yDn4EqepHgTo9qvawVi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "Forty-eight of the 50 U.S. states use the term \"county\", while Alaska and Louisiana use the terms \"borough\" and \"parish\", respectively, for analogous jurisdictions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Outside English-speaking countries, an equivalent of the term county is often used to describe subnational jurisdictions that are structurally equivalent to counties in the relationship they have with their national government; but which may not be administratively equivalent to counties in predominantly English-speaking countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Europe | Sweden",
"text": "The Swedish term used is län, which literally means 'fief'."
},
{
"section_header": "Asia–Pacific | People's Republic of China",
"text": "The word county is used to translate the Chinese term xiàn (县 or 縣)."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "Some New England states use the term shire town to mean \"county seat\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Asia–Pacific | Australia",
"text": "In the eastern states of Australia, counties are used in the administration of land titles."
},
{
"section_header": "Asia–Pacific | Australia",
"text": "They do not generally correspond to a level of government, but are used in the identification of parcels of land."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "In addition, the United States Census Bureau uses the term \"county equivalent\" to describe places that are comparable to counties, but called by different names."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | Canada",
"text": "In Alberta, the term county is synonymous with the term municipal district – it is not its own incorporated municipal status that is different from that of a municipal district."
},
{
"section_header": "Europe | Poland",
"text": "The term is often translated into English as county (or sometimes district)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes, in certain modern nations."
}
] |
County is a term for land and not all countries use this term.
| 0 | 8 |
County
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After earning his bachelor's degree from an East Coast college, Benjamin Braddock returns to his parents' Pasadena, California home."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film tells the story of 21-year-old Benjamin Braddock (Dustin Hoffman), a recent college graduate with no well-defined aim in life, who is seduced by an older woman, Mrs. Robinson (Anne Bancroft), and then falls in love with her daughter Elaine (Katharine Ross)."
}
] |
6yS8LfKtd0JIRmPNqHKn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Graduate is a 1967 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols and written by Buck Henry and Calder Willingham, based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Charles Webb, who wrote it shortly after graduating from Williams College."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Graduate was released on December 22, 1967 to critical and commercial success grossing $104.9 million, becoming the highest grossing film of 1967 worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After earning his bachelor's degree from an East Coast college, Benjamin Braddock returns to his parents' Pasadena, California home."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release",
"text": "#17 The Graduate was released in theatres on December 22, 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1996, The Graduate was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" It is ranked by the American Film Institute as the 17th greatest American film of all-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film tells the story of 21-year-old Benjamin Braddock (Dustin Hoffman), a recent college graduate with no well-defined aim in life, who is seduced by an older woman, Mrs. Robinson (Anne Bancroft), and then falls in love with her daughter Elaine (Katharine Ross)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Furthermore, the film's rating in the AFI list of the greatest American films fell from seventh in 1997 to seventeenth in the 2007 update."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible sequel",
"text": "When he sold film rights to The Graduate, he surrendered the rights to any sequels."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The wedding scene was highly influenced by the ending of the 1924 comedy film Girl Shy starring Harold Lloyd, who also served as an advisor for the scene in The Graduate."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He then forces Elaine to leave college to marry Carl Smith, a classmate whom she briefly dated."
}
] |
The Graduate is a 1967 American romantic comedy-drama film about Brad and Ben's adventures after college in California
| 0 | 0 |
The Graduate
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "Running for 207 performances, it starred Wallace Ford as George and Broderick Crawford as Lennie."
}
] |
6yYxtsoCksza5eAiWL12
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Of Mice and Men has been challenged (proposed for censorship) 54 times since it was published in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "Of Mice and Men was adapted by Donna Franceschild as a radio play directed by Kirsty Williams starring David Tennant and Liam Brennan broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 7 March 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Of Mice and Men was Steinbeck's first attempt at writing in the form of novel-play termed a \"play-novelette\" by one critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "Chaney's performance in the role resulted in his casting in the movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Sinise also played George in the film, and the role of Lennie was played by John Malkovich."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "The cast included several in-demand performers of their day, including Art Lund and Jo Sullivan, re-teamed after performing together in the hit musical The Most Happy Fella, as well as Leo Penn."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "Running for 207 performances, it starred Wallace Ford as George and Broderick Crawford as Lennie."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "The role of Crooks was performed by Leigh Whipper, the first African-American member of the Actors' Equity Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "Noted stage actress Pamela Blair played Curley's Wife in this production."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Steinbeck wanted to write a novel that could be played from its lines, or a play that could be read like a novel."
}
] |
Of Mice and Men's adapted play was performed over 200 times.
| 3 | 7 |
Of Mice and Men
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States (1850–1853), the last to be a member of the Whig Party"
}
] |
6yZ32m7Z2La7XvlB920Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Congressman | First term; return to Buffalo",
"text": "Fillmore spent his time out of office building his law practice and boosting the Whig Party, which gradually absorbed most of the Anti-Masons."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman | First term; return to Buffalo",
"text": "They formed the broad-based Whig Party from National Republicans, Anti-Masons, and disaffected Democrats."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman | First term; return to Buffalo",
"text": "When the Anti-Masons did not nominate him for a second term in 1834, Fillmore declined the Whig nomination, seeing that the two parties would split the anti-Jackson vote and elect the Democrat."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman | First term; return to Buffalo",
"text": "Despite Fillmore's departure from office, he was a rival for state party leadership with Seward, the unsuccessful 1834 Whig gubernatorial candidate."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "The first modern two-party system of Whigs and Democrats had succeeded only in dividing the nation in two by the 1850s, and seven years later, the election of the first Republican President, Abraham Lincoln, would guarantee civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman | First term; return to Buffalo",
"text": "Weed joined the Whigs before Fillmore and became a power within the party; his anti-slavery views were stronger than Fillmore's (who disliked slavery but considered the federal government powerless over it), and closer to those of another prominent New York Whig, William H. Seward of Auburn, who was also seen as a Weed protégé."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1848 | Nomination",
"text": "Weed was an influential editor, and Fillmore tended to cooperate with him for the greater good of the Whig Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman | First term; return to Buffalo",
"text": "Fillmore, Weed, and others realized that opposition to Masonry was too narrow a foundation on which to build a national party."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman | Second through fourth terms",
"text": "With the Whigs able to organize the House for the first time, Fillmore sought the Speakership, but it went to a Clay acolyte, John White of Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman | First term; return to Buffalo",
"text": "The Whigs were initially united by their opposition to Jackson, but became a major party by expanding their platform to include support for economic growth through rechartering the Second Bank of the United States and federally funded internal improvements including roads, bridges, and canals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States (1850–1853), the last to be a member of the Whig Party"
}
] |
Fillmore was the first participant of the Whig Party.
| 0 | 0 |
Millard Fillmore
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Schumann was born in Zwickau, in the Kingdom of Saxony (today Central Germany), the fifth and last child of Johanna Christiane (née Schnabel) and August Schumann."
}
] |
6yrddmC92OcslOXzG21G
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Compositions",
"text": "List of compositions by Robert Schumann"
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions",
"text": "Category :Compositions by Robert Schumann"
},
{
"section_header": "Media portrayals",
"text": "Seinfeld : Robert Schumann is mentioned in a 1991 episode of Seinfeld \"The Jacket\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1830–34",
"text": "Clara Schumann discredited the story, saying the disability was not due to a mechanical device, and Robert Schumann himself referred to it as \"an affliction of the whole hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death",
"text": "In 1856, she first visited England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Schumann (German: [ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1830–34 | Papillons",
"text": "In the winter of 1832, at age 22, Schumann visited relatives in Zwickau and Schneeberg, where he performed the first movement of his Symphony in G minor (without opus number, known as the \"Zwickauer\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Media portrayals",
"text": "Song of Love (1947) is an MGM film starring Paul Henreid as Schumann, Katharine Hepburn as Clara Wieck, Robert Walker as Johannes Brahms, and Henry Daniell as Franz Liszt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Clara and Robert also maintained a close relationship with German composer Johannes Brahms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Schumann suffered from a mental disorder that first manifested in 1833 as a severe melancholic depressive episode—which recurred several times alternating with phases of \"exaltation\" and increasingly also delusional ideas of being poisoned or threatened with metallic items."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Schumann was born in Zwickau, in the Kingdom of Saxony (today Central Germany), the fifth and last child of Johanna Christiane (née Schnabel) and August Schumann."
}
] |
Robert Schumann was the first kid from his parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Robert Schumann
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "The Congress of Vienna was the first of a series of international meetings that came to be known as the Concert of Europe, which was an attempt to forge a peaceful balance of power in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, others praise it for having created relatively long-term stability and peaceful conditions in most of Europe."
}
] |
6z1vBmVwvJHYl0gUYCSR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "Besides, the main decisions of the Congress were made by the Four Great Powers and not all the countries of Europe could extend their rights at the Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress of Vienna (French: Congrès de Vienne, German: Wiener Kongress) of 1814–1815 was one of the most important international conferences in European history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress of Vienna settlement, despite later changes, formed the framework for European international politics until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, others praise it for having created relatively long-term stability and peaceful conditions in most of Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The immediate background was Napoleonic France's defeat and surrender in May 1814, which brought an end to 23 years of nearly continuous war."
},
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "Historian Mark Jarrett argues that the Congress of Vienna and the Congress System marked \"the true beginning of our modern era\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Final Act | Other changes",
"text": "Swiss mercenaries had played a significant role in European wars for a couple of hundred years: the Congress intended to put a stop to these activities permanently."
},
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "He says the Congress of Vienna avoided them and instead set up rules that produced a stable and benign equilibrium."
},
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "In the 20th century, however, many historians came to admire the statesmen at the Congress, whose work prevented another widespread European war for nearly 100 years (1815–1914)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "The Congress of Vienna was the first of a series of international meetings that came to be known as the Concert of Europe, which was an attempt to forge a peaceful balance of power in Europe."
}
] |
The Congress of Vienna brought stability to European countries.
| 1 | 2 |
Congress of Vienna
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The film earned $10.5 million in rentals in North America and $5 million overseas."
}
] |
6zE6rzH9P1g5ZQEcwxuQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100% of critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7.2/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The film earned $10.5 million in rentals in North America and $5 million overseas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sayonara is a 1957 American Technicolor drama film starring Marlon Brando in Technirama."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "The film is also recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – Nominated 2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Sayonara has received widespread critical acclaim, particularly for its writing and cinematography, in addition to the acting ability of its cast."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Unlike most 1950s romantic dramas, Sayonara deals squarely with racism and prejudice."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They leave the theater and announce to waiting Japanese and American reporters that they intend to wed."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "When a Stars and Stripes military newspaper reporter asks him how he will explain his marriage to the \"big brass\" as well as to the Japanese, neither of which will be particularly happy, Ace says, \"Tell 'em we said, 'Sayonara.'\" Marlon Brando as Major Lloyd \"Ace\" Gruver, USAF"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Moments after exiting Joe's home Ace and Bailey are attacked by a group of Japanese holding anti-American signs, but sympathetic Japanese neighbors intervene to help the Americans, resulting in widespread fighting in the street."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Joe goes AWOL, and two Military Police seek Ace's help to find Joe through his local connections so he can be sent back to the U.S. and not be reported missing."
}
] |
Sayonara 1957 American Technicolor drama film that earned $10.5 million in rentals in North America and $25 million overseas, and with review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100% of critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7.2/10
| 0 | 0 |
Sayonara
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cloud Gate is a public sculpture by Indian-born British artist Sir Anish Kapoor, that is the centerpiece of AT&T Plaza at Millennium Park in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Visitors are able to walk around and under Cloud Gate's 12-foot (3.7 m) high arch."
}
] |
6zRPRHV2rxzzKO6dx2Gn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cloud Gate was formally dedicated on May 15, 2006, and has since gained considerable popularity, both domestically and internationally."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cloud Gate is a public sculpture by Indian-born British artist Sir Anish Kapoor, that is the centerpiece of AT&T Plaza at Millennium Park in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was unveiled in an incomplete form during the Millennium Park grand opening celebration in 2004, before being concealed again while it was completed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The sculpture builds upon many of Kapoor's artistic themes, and it is popular with tourists as a photo-taking opportunity for its unique reflective properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Visitors are able to walk around and under Cloud Gate's 12-foot (3.7 m) high arch."
}
] |
Cloud Gate can be described as a tourist attraction.
| 0 | 0 |
Cloud Gate
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Critically lauded, Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003, including Best Picture, the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver!"
}
] |
70IXF2rGS3GCUC5Em5x0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "A film version of Chicago was to have been the next project for Bob Fosse, who had directed and choreographed the original 1975 Broadway production and had won an Oscar for his direction of the film version of Cabaret (1972)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Critically lauded, Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003, including Best Picture, the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver!"
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "Chicago was filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Rivera originated the role of Velma Kelly in the Broadway musical Chicago in 1975; her appearance in the film is a cameo."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "Chicago was produced by American companies Miramax Films and The Producers Circle in association with the German company Kallis Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chicago is a 2002 American musical black comedy crime film based on the 1975 stage musical of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "Chicago, along with the 2001 musical Moulin Rouge!"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Velma Kelly perform (\"Overture/All That Jazz\") at a Chicago theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chicago centers on Roxie Hart (Zellweger) and Velma Kelly (Zeta-Jones) two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It explores the themes of celebrity, scandal, and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age."
}
] |
The film Chicago got six oscars.
| 1 | 6 |
Chicago (2002 film)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lou Gehrig (Cooper) is a young Columbia University student whose old-fashioned mother (Elsa Janssen) wants him to study hard and become an engineer, but the young man has a gift for baseball."
}
] |
70tjVC9aVH40kWSomsPs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical",
"text": "Baseball fans who hope to see much baseball played in Pride of the Yankees will be disappointed."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and other recognition",
"text": "Film Editor Daniel Mandell won an Academy Award for his work on The Pride of the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations to other media",
"text": "The Pride of the Yankees was adapted as an hour-long radio play on the October 4, 1943 broadcast of Lux Radio Theater with Gary Cooper and Virginia Bruce and a September 30, 1949 broadcast of Screen Director's Playhouse starring Gary Cooper and Lurene Tuttle."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical",
"text": "Babe Ruth is there, playing himself with fidelity and considerable humor; so are Yankees Bill Dickey, Bob Meusel, Mark Koenig."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and other recognition",
"text": "Best Writing, Adapted ScreenplayThe American Film Institute ranked The Pride of the Yankees 22nd on its list of the 100 most inspiring films in American cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yankee teammates Babe Ruth, Bob Meusel, Mark Koenig, and Bill Dickey play themselves, as does sportscaster Bill Stern."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Pride of the Yankees is a 1942 American film produced by Samuel Goldwyn, directed by Sam Wood, and starring Gary Cooper, Teresa Wright, and Walter Brennan."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and other recognition",
"text": "In AFI's 2008 \"Ten Top Tens\"—the top ten films in ten \"classic\" American film genres—The Pride of the Yankees was ranked third in the sports category."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lou Gehrig (Cooper) is a young Columbia University student whose old-fashioned mother (Elsa Janssen) wants him to study hard and become an engineer, but the young man has a gift for baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "\"Bosley Crowther of The New York Times called it a \"tender, meticulous and explicitly narrative film\" that \"inclines to monotony\" because of its length and devotion to \"genial details.\" The Pride of the Yankees was the 7th-highest grossing film of 1942, with $8.08 million in box office receipts."
}
] |
The Pride of the Yankees is about a Harvard student that wants to play basketball.
| 0 | 0 |
The Pride of the Yankees
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known for his widely-read anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator, which he founded in 1831 and published in Boston until hereditary slavery in the United States was abolished by Constitutional amendment in 1865."
}
] |
71EIYiphmqEm7evy2dZD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works | Newspapers",
"text": "From the Antislavery Literature Project)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Liberator",
"text": "In 1831, Garrison, fully aware of the press as a means to bring about political change, returned to New England, where he co-founded a weekly anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator, with his friend Isaac Knapp."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Fanny's son Oswald Garrison Villard became a prominent journalist and a founding member of the NAACP."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known for his widely-read anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator, which he founded in 1831 and published in Boston until hereditary slavery in the United States was abolished by Constitutional amendment in 1865."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Garrison co-founded The Liberator to espouse his abolitionist views, and in 1832 he organized out of its readers the New-England Anti-Slavery Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Organization and reaction",
"text": "In December 1833, abolitionists from ten states founded the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "In this early work as a small-town newspaper writer, Garrison acquired skills he would later use as a nationally-known writer, speaker, and newspaper publisher."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Genius of Universal Emancipation",
"text": "With his experience as a printer and newspaper editor, Garrison changed the layout of the paper and handled other production issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Newspapers",
"text": "William Lloyd Garrison on non-resistance : together with a personal sketch by his daughter Fanny Garrison Villard and a tribute by Leo Tolstoy Reading Garrison's Letters (Horace Seldon's insight into the thought, work and life of Garrison, – based on \"Letters of William Lloyd Garrison\", Belknap Press of Harvard University, W. M. Merrill and L. Ruchames Editors)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Newspapers",
"text": "William Lloyd Garrison works (Cornell University Library Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection) William Lloyd Garrison works (Cornell University Digital Library Collections)."
}
] |
Garrison founded an anti-slavery newspaper.
| 0 | 0 |
William Lloyd Garrison
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "In 2007, the Beatles became the first band to feature on a series of UK postage stamps issued by the Royal Mail."
}
] |
71HQD0hagPyXgcmVmDmB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "In 2007, the Beatles became the first band to feature on a series of UK postage stamps issued by the Royal Mail."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2000s",
"text": "The Beatles: Rock Band, a music video game in the Rock Band series, was issued on the same day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1980s",
"text": "In 1988, the Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, their first year of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | First visit to the United States and the British Invasion",
"text": "Vee-Jay finished preparation for the album Introducing... The Beatles, culled from most of the songs of Parlophone's Please Please Me, but a management shake-up led to the album not being released."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "With Help!, the Beatles became the first rock group to be nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band later explored music styles ranging from ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked Rubber Soul fifth among \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\", and AllMusic's Richie Unterberger describes it as \"one of the classic folk-rock records\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2010s",
"text": "On the first week of October 2019, Abbey Road returned to number one on the UK Albums Chart."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Controversies, Revolver and final tour",
"text": "Immediately afterwards, the band members visited India for the first time."
}
] |
They were the first rock band to to be on a stamp.
| 3 | 7 |
The Beatles
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922."
}
] |
71dgGQdln97oVNgJ4sN8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Thomas \"Tom\" Buchanan—a millionaire who lives in East Egg, and Daisy's husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "This real-life juxtaposition gave Fitzgerald his idea for \"West Egg\" and \"East Egg."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "\" In this novel, Great Neck (Kings Point) became the \"new money\" peninsula of West Egg and Port Washington (Sands Point) became the \"old money\" East Egg."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "One evening, Nick dines with his distant relative, Daisy Buchanan, in the fashionable town of East Egg."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative titles",
"text": "Previously he had shifted between Gatsby, Among Ash-Heaps and Millionaires, Trimalchio, Trimalchio in West Egg, On the Road to West Egg, Under the Red, White, and Blue, The Gold-Hatted Gatsby, and The High-Bouncing Lover."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Nick Carraway—a Yale University graduate from the Midwest, a World War I veteran, and, at the start of the plot, a newly arrived resident of West Egg, age 29 (later 30)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "While returning to East Egg, Gatsby and Daisy drive by Wilson's garage and their car accidentally strikes Tom's mistress, Myrtle, killing her instantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Themes | Gender relations",
"text": "Although early scholars viewed the character of Daisy Buchanan to be a \"monster of bitchery,\" later scholars such as Leland S. Person, Jr. asserted that Daisy's character exemplifies the marginalization of women in the East Egg social milieu that Fitzgerald depicts."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He rents a bungalow in the Long Island village of West Egg, next to a luxurious estate inhabited by Jay Gatsby, an enigmatic multi-millionaire who hosts dazzling soirées yet does not partake in them."
}
] |
The novel follows characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg.
| 2 | 5 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce company based in Bangalore, Karnataka, India."
}
] |
71uYkYH6qpWoA5Zesvdv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In February 2012, the company unveiled its DRM-free online music store Flyte."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In May 2014, Flipkart acquired Myntra, an online fashion retailer, for ₹20 billion (US$280 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company initially focused on online book sales with country-wide shipping."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 2016, Flipkart acquired the online fashion retailer Jabong.com from Rocket Internet for US$70 million, as well as the UPI mobile payments startup PhonePe."
},
{
"section_header": "Regulatory action and lawsuits",
"text": "In January 2016, the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) clarified that it does not recognise the marketplace model of online retail."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "However, the service was unsuccessful due to competition from free streaming sites, and shut down in June 2013.In May 2012, Flipkart acquired Letsbuy, an online electronics retailer."
},
{
"section_header": "Flipkart Video | Flipkart Video Originals",
"text": "To strengthen its content offering in Flipkart Video, Flipkart forayed into original content offering which was named Flipkart Video Originals."
},
{
"section_header": "Flipkart Video",
"text": "Flipkart has launched in app streaming named Flipkart Video as part of a new direction they want to move and to match its competitors like Amazon who are offering premium video options in August 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Funding",
"text": "On 19 September 2018, Flipkart Marketplace Singapore infused INR 3,463 crore into the Indian entity Flipkart Internet."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In October 2015, Flipkart reprised its Big Billion Day event, except as a multi-day event that would be exclusive to the Flipkart app."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce company based in Bangalore, Karnataka, India."
}
] |
Flipkart is an online shoe store, catering to tennis shoe collectors and enthusiasts.
| 0 | 0 |
Flipkart
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Hubbell was originally signed by the Detroit Tigers and was invited to spring training in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "At the time of his death, he was one of the last New York Giants still active in some capacity in baseball, and the last player from the McGraw era who was still active in the game."
}
] |
72C9YXwO6bWjSisT29KZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Owen Hubbell (June 22, 1903 – November 21, 1988), nicknamed \"The Meal Ticket\" and \"King Carl\", was an American Major League Baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "At the time of his death, he was one of the last New York Giants still active in some capacity in baseball, and the last player from the McGraw era who was still active in the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "During that time, he lived in Haworth, New Jersey; he continued to live there after the Giants left New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked number 45 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Hubbell was originally signed by the Detroit Tigers and was invited to spring training in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "Hubbell was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twice voted the National League's Most Valuable Player, Hubbell was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "He was the first NL player to have his number (11) retired."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "In 1927 he was invited to spring training again with Detroit, but the Tigers still weren't impressed and sent him two steps down the minor-league ladder, to the Decatur Commodores of the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League."
}
] |
American Baseball player Carl Hubbell played for the New York Giants and the Detroit Tigers.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Hubbell
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wright was also the first to make baseball into a business by paying his players up to seven times the pay of the average working man."
}
] |
72CgUuHfbUSoskuY4wyF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He assembled, managed, and played center field for baseball's first fully professional team, the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston | The National Association years",
"text": "The team was to play in the newly formed National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, now known more often as simply the National Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wright was also the first to make baseball into a business by paying his players up to seven times the pay of the average working man."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry \"Harry\" Wright (January 10, 1835 – October 3, 1895) was an English-born American professional baseball player, manager, and developer."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston | The National Association years",
"text": "Wright, now the oldest player in the league, continued to play regularly in center field for Boston until 1874."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Harry played against the first English cricket team to tour overseas in 1859.Both brothers played baseball for some of the leading clubs during the amateur era of the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston | The National Association years",
"text": "From an invitation in 1870 by Ivers Whitney Adams, the founder and President of the Boston Red Stockings, Wright moved from managing the \"Cincinnati Red Stockings\" to work professionally with the first-ever base ball team in Boston, the \"Boston Red Stockings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cincinnati | Manager",
"text": "During this early era, the rules of the sport for many years prohibited substitution during games except by mutual agreement with opponents, and the role of a team manager was not as specifically geared toward game strategy as in the modern era; instead, managers of the period combined the role of a field manager with that of a modern general manager in that they were primarily responsible for signing talented players and forming a versatile roster, as well as establishing a team approach through practice and game fundamentals."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His brother George is also a member of both Halls; a third brother, Sam, also played professionally."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston | The National Association years",
"text": "Wright, now 36 years old and the second-oldest player in the league, was the team's regular center fielder, playing 30 of the team's 31 games at that position."
}
] |
Harry Wright played center field for baseball's first fully professional team, but is also known as a manager who offered his professional baseball players a higher paying wage than other blue collar workers.
| 0 | 3 |
Harry Wright
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (UK: , US: , French: [eʁik sati]; 17 May 1866 – 1 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist."
}
] |
72I9eUUNa1riU33E4nBx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Montmartre",
"text": "During their relationship, Satie composed the Danses gothiques as a means of calming his mind, and Valadon painted a portrait of Satie, which she gave to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Years later, Satie related that Mathias, with great insistence, had told him that his real talent lay in composing."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Move to Arcueil",
"text": "It was reproduced on the cover of Robert Orledge's second book on the composer, Satie Remembered (1995), but where this autochrome was found has not been made known."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (UK: , US: , French: [eʁik sati]; 17 May 1866 – 1 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "The work was composed in 1914, but not published or performed until the early 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Move to Arcueil",
"text": "Generally, he would say that he did not think it permitted that a composer take more time from his public than strictly necessary."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Montmartre",
"text": "By 1891 he was the official composer and chapel-master of the Rosicrucian Order (Ordre de la Rose-Croix Catholique, du Temple"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Montmartre",
"text": "By mid-1892, Satie had composed the first pieces in a compositional system of his own making (Fête donnée par des Chevaliers Normands en l'honneur d'une jeune demoiselle), provided incidental music to a chivalric esoteric play (two Préludes du Nazaréen), had his first hoax published (announcing the premiere of Le bâtard de Tristan, an anti-Wagnerian opera he probably never composed), and broken from Péladan, starting that autumn with the Uspud project, a \"Christian Ballet\", in collaboration with Contamine de Latour."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "Le piège de Méduse (1913) had a unique position in Satie's oeuvre, as it was a stage work conceived and composed seemingly without any collaboration with other artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Move to Arcueil",
"text": "Meanwhile, Debussy was having one of his first major successes with Pelléas et Mélisande in 1902, leading a few years later to 'who-was-precursor-to-whom' debates between the two composers, in which Maurice Ravel would also get involved."
}
] |
Satie was a Belgian composer.
| 0 | 0 |
Erik Satie
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Typical values | Refractive index below unity",
"text": "According to the theory of relativity, no information can travel faster than the speed of light in vacuum, but this does not mean that the refractive index cannot be less than 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Microscopic explanation",
"text": "It corresponds to a permittivity less than 1, which causes the refractive index to be also less than unity and the phase velocity of light greater than the speed of light in vacuum c (note that the signal velocity is still less than c, as discussed above)."
}
] |
72nBGNkbc2p836xFfgxx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Typical values | Refractive index below unity",
"text": "Since the refractive index of the ionosphere (a plasma), is less than"
},
{
"section_header": "Typical values | Refractive index below unity",
"text": "According to the theory of relativity, no information can travel faster than the speed of light in vacuum, but this does not mean that the refractive index cannot be less than 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Microscopic explanation",
"text": "It corresponds to a permittivity less than 1, which causes the refractive index to be also less than unity and the phase velocity of light greater than the speed of light in vacuum c (note that the signal velocity is still less than c, as discussed above)."
},
{
"section_header": "Typical values | Refractive index below unity",
"text": "As an example, water has a refractive index of 0.99999974 = 1 − 2.6×10−7 for X-ray radiation at a photon energy of 30 keV (0.04 nm wavelength).An example of a plasma with an index of refraction less than unity is Earth's ionosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations to other quantities | Momentum (Abraham–Minkowski controversy)",
"text": "A 2010 study suggested that both equations are correct, with the Abraham version being the kinetic momentum and the Minkowski version being the canonical momentum, and claims to explain the contradicting experimental results using this interpretation."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations to other quantities | Total internal reflection",
"text": "This occurs only when going to a less optically dense material, i.e., one with lower refractive index."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex refractive index",
"text": "We can do this by relating the complex wave number k to the complex refractive index n through k = 2πn/λ0, with λ0 being the vacuum wavelength; this can be inserted into the plane wave expression as E ( z , t ) ="
},
{
"section_header": "Nonscalar, nonlinear, or nonhomogeneous refraction | Inhomogeneity",
"text": "The crystalline lens of the human eye is an example of a GRIN lens with a refractive index varying from about 1.406 in the inner core to approximately 1.386 at the less dense cortex."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations to other quantities | Refractivity",
"text": "1. Atmospheric refractivity is often expressed as either N = 106(n – 1) or N"
},
{
"section_header": "Relations to other quantities | Density",
"text": "Many oils (such as olive oil) and ethanol are examples of liquids which are more refractive, but less dense, than water, contrary to the general correlation between density and refractive index."
}
] |
A refractive index cannot be less than 1.
| 0 | 0 |
Refractive index
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He has German, English, and Irish ancestry."
}
] |
73idAldf8AoANGU0kPiP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Charity",
"text": "Along with his brother Billy, he formed the Cal Ripken Sr., Foundation in 2001 to give underprivileged children the opportunity to attend baseball camps around the country and learn the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1981–1986",
"text": "Although not contributing significantly in the World Series with his bat, he made a number of key plays defensively at shortstop, including the final out of the series on a Garry Maddox lineout in Game 5.Before"
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1991–1995",
"text": "I've been cheered in ballparks all over the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Charity",
"text": "The documentary included footage from the 11 clinics Cal and former Oriole B.J. Surhoff held from Beijing to Guangzhou."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "After the top of the fifth inning, the numbers 2130 on the warehouse behind the stadium changed to 2131, just as they did on September 6, 1995.Ripken has stated that he never felt comfortable being compared to Gehrig."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In addition, he has been writing a weekly youth sports advice newspaper column in the Baltimore Sun since 2005.In addition to his writing, Ripken has been the subject of several books."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"Lou has monstrous numbers and was like Babe Ruth."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In addition, Ripken has been the subject of scholarly publications analyzing the impact of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Charity",
"text": "In addition to controlling these camps and Ripken's minor league teams, Ripken Baseball operates for-profit camps and designs ballfields for youth, college, and professional teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Vi\" Ripken (née Roberta) and Cal Ripken Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He has German, English, and Irish ancestry."
}
] |
In addition to a number of western European countries, Cal Ripken Jr's heritage includes Polish.
| 0 | 0 |
Cal Ripken Jr.
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Babur was born in Andijan in the Fergana Valley (in present-day Uzbekistan): the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza (1456–1494, governor of Fergana from 1469 to 1494) and a great-great grandson of Timur (1336–1405)."
}
] |
73xsk7i6mGfO7Nu6GAjJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family | Issue | Daughters",
"text": "Married in 1530 to Isan Timur Sultan, ninth son of Ahmad Alaq of Moghulistan, the maternal uncle of Emperor Babur."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "'l-ʿazam wa 'l-ḫāqān al-mukkarram pādshāh-e ġāzī."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Issue | Sons",
"text": "Humayun (6 March 1508 – 27 January 1556), son with Maham Begum, succeeded Babur as the second Mughal Emperor Kamran Mirza (died 1557), son with Gulrukh Begum"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "He was the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza, ruler of the Fergana Valley, the son of Abū Saʿīd Mirza (and grandson of Miran Shah, who was himself son of Timur) and his wife Qutlugh Nigar Khanum, daughter of Yunus Khan, the ruler of Moghulistan (and great-great grandson of Tughlugh Timur, the son of Esen Buqa I, who was the great-great-great grandson of Chaghatai Khan, the second-born son of Genghis Khan).Babur hailed from the Barlas tribe, which was of Mongol origin and had embraced Turkic and Persian culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Issue | Sons",
"text": "Ahmad Mirza, son with Gulrukh Begum, died young Shahrukh Mirza, son with Gulrukh Begum, died young"
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Issue | Sons",
"text": "Barbul Mirza, son with Maham Begum, died in infancy Alwar Mirza, son with Dildar Begum, died in childhood"
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Issue | Sons",
"text": "Askari Mirza, son with Gulrukh Begum"
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Issue | Sons",
"text": "Hindal Mirza, son with Dildar Begum"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Babur was born in Andijan in the Fergana Valley (in present-day Uzbekistan): the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza (1456–1494, governor of Fergana from 1469 to 1494) and a great-great grandson of Timur (1336–1405)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a patrilineal descendant of Timur, Babur considered himself a Timurid and Chagatai Turkic."
}
] |
Babur was a son of Timur.
| 2 | 4 |
Babur
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Howl\", also known as \"Howl for Carl Solomon\", is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in 1954–1955 and published in his 1956 collection Howl and Other Poems."
}
] |
74Ji4yDcP24CtBSRi4HX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Overview and structure | Part I",
"text": "Called by Ginsberg \"a lament for the Lamb in America with instances of remarkable lamb-like youths\", Part I is perhaps the best known, and communicates scenes, characters, and situations drawn from Ginsberg's personal experience as well as from the community of poets, artists, political radicals, jazz musicians, drug addicts, and psychiatric patients whom he encountered in the late 1940s and early 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Howl\", also known as \"Howl for Carl Solomon\", is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in 1954–1955 and published in his 1956 collection Howl and Other Poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ginsberg began work on \"Howl\" in 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "1957 obscenity trial",
"text": "The 2010 film Howl depicts the events of the trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" Howl\" is considered to be one of the great works of American literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview and structure | Rhythm",
"text": "Ginsberg said, \"Ideally each line of 'Howl' is a single breath unit."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and publication",
"text": "\" Howl\" was too short to make an entire book, so Ferlinghetti requested some other poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The British event, Howl for Now, was accompanied by a book of essays of the same name, edited by Simon Warner and published by Route Publishing (Howl for Now ISBN 1-901927-25-3) reflecting on the piece's enduring influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview and structure | Part II",
"text": "Moloch is also the name of an industrial, demonic figure in Fritz Lang's Metropolis, a film that Ginsberg credits with influencing \"Howl, Part II\" in his annotations for the poem (see especially Howl: Original Draft Facsimile, Transcript & Variant Versions)."
},
{
"section_header": "1957 obscenity trial",
"text": "\"Howl\" contains many references to illicit drugs and sexual practices, both heterosexual and homosexual."
}
] |
Howl was printed in the 1950s.
| 0 | 0 |
Howl
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator."
}
] |
74QXsi5cqkwOPKeBCCI0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | Imprisonment: 1925–1927",
"text": "He also wrote The Meditations of Marcus Garvey, its name an allusion to The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | The growth of UNIA: 1918–1921",
"text": "Several British colonies in the Caribbean banned the publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on political movements",
"text": "In 1975 the reggae artist Burning Spear released the album Marcus Garvey."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Memorials",
"text": "In 2012 the Jamaican government declared August 17 as Marcus Garvey Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | The growth of UNIA: 1918–1921 | The Black Star Line",
"text": "In 1921, Garvey travelled to the Caribbean aboard a new BSL ship, the Antonio Maceo, which they had renamed the Kanawha."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | Trial: 1923",
"text": "However, with Garvey imprisoned, UNIA's membership began to decline, and there was a growing schism between its Caribbean and African-American members."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Life in London: 1935–1940",
"text": "Shortly after, Garvey embarked on a lecture and fundraising tour of Canada and the Caribbean, in which he attended the annual UNIA convention in Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality and personal life",
"text": "partly formal King's English, and part lilting Caribbean speechifying\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Travels abroad: 1910–1914",
"text": "En route home, Garvey talked with an Afro-Caribbean missionary who had spent time in Basutoland and taken a Basuto wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology | Pan-Africanism",
"text": "The Jamaican writer and poet Claude McKay for instance noted that Garvey \"talks of Africa as if it were a little island in the Caribbean Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator."
}
] |
Marcus Garvey was from the Caribbeans.
| 3 | 3 |
Marcus Garvey
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, represented by a red rose, and the House of York, represented by a white rose."
}
] |
751G8z5CzrjgFuyi3Ubk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early stages | Act of Accord",
"text": "Somerset was appointed Governor of Calais and was dispatched to take over the vital fortress on the French coast, but his attempts to evict Warwick were easily repulsed."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the conflict | Henry VI",
"text": "Some authorities date the start of the War of the Roses from the death of Humphrey."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and symbols",
"text": "The name \"Wars of the Roses\" refers to the heraldic badges associated with two rival branches of the same royal house, the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Middle stages | Yorkist triumph",
"text": "The Battle of Towton, near York, was the biggest battle of the Wars of the Roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, represented by a red rose, and the House of York, represented by a white rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the conflict | Disputed succession",
"text": "The question of succession after Edward III's death in 1377 is said to be the cause of the Wars of the Roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stages | Henry VII",
"text": "Many historians consider the accession of Henry VII to mark the end of the Wars of the Roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stages | Richard III",
"text": "The restoration of Edward IV in 1471 is sometimes seen as marking the end of the Wars of the Roses proper."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the conflict | Henry VI",
"text": "In 1450, there was a violent popular revolt in Kent, Jack Cade's Rebellion, which is often seen as the prelude to the Wars of the Roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and symbols",
"text": "Wars of the Roses came into common use in the 19th century after the publication in 1829 of Anne of Geierstein by Sir Walter Scott."
}
] |
The Wars of the Roses was about taking over the Tower of Warwick.
| 1 | 3 |
Wars of the Roses
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Downfall | Death",
"text": "He died just after midnight on 30 July 1898, at the age of eighty-three in Friedrichsruh, where he is entombed in the Bismarck Mausoleum."
}
] |
751h8KkJlA1HCwoJhpQQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Defeat of Austria",
"text": "Legislation was the responsibility of the Reichstag, a popularly elected body, and the Bundesrat, an advisory body representing the states."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall | Death",
"text": "He died just after midnight on 30 July 1898, at the age of eighty-three in Friedrichsruh, where he is entombed in the Bismarck Mausoleum."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Bismarck soon adopted his wife's Pietism, and he remained a devout Pietist Lutheran for the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Defeat of Austria",
"text": "The new, largely conservative House was on much better terms with Bismarck than previous bodies; at the Minister President's request, it retroactively approved the budgets of the past four years, which had been implemented without parliamentary consent."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Defeat of Austria",
"text": "Although he never personally commanded troops in the field, he usually wore a general's uniform in public for the rest of his life, as seen in numerous paintings and photographs."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Bismarck: memory and myth",
"text": "Frankel in Bismarck's Shadow (2005) shows the Bismarck cult fostered and legitimized a new style of right-wing politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Bismarck: memory and myth",
"text": "Of course, there were no monuments celebrating Bismarck's devotion to the cause of European peace after 1871."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Defeat of Austria",
"text": "Jonathan Steinberg says of Bismarck's achievements to this point: The scale of Bismarck's triumph cannot be exaggerated."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the German Empire | Foreign policies | France",
"text": "France was Bismarck's main problem."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall | Final years and forced resignation",
"text": "That would be Bismarck's last political maneuver."
}
] |
Bismarck's body was laid to rest in the Bismarck Mausoleum.
| 3 | 8 |
Otto von Bismarck
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Yet Tour (2019) 2012: The Alamo and Beyond: A Collector's Journey 2016: Not Dead Yet: The Autobiography"
}
] |
75DDi33NS13Ivgvig54T
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Collins was also influenced by the jazz and big band drummer Buddy Rich, whose opinion on the importance of the hi-hat prompted him to stop using two bass drums and start using the hi-hat."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "Collins has been married and divorced three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other interests",
"text": "A short film was released in 2013 called Phil Collins and the Wild Frontier which captures Collins on a book tour in June 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Yet Tour (2019) 2012: The Alamo and Beyond: A Collector's Journey 2016: Not Dead Yet: The Autobiography"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "He also stated that he had been sober for three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other interests",
"text": "His passion for the Battle of the Alamo has also led him to write the book The Alamo and Beyond: A Collector's Journey, published in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "He consulted three doctors, who told him that there was nothing they could do and that the chance of a full recovery was slim."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "I killed my hours watching TV and drinking, and it almost killed me.\" He said in 2015 that he had been teetotal for three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1984–1989: No Jacket Required and commercial ubiquity",
"text": "Collins had three US number-one songs in 1985, the most by any artist that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Cameo film and television appearances",
"text": "He supplied voices to two animated features: Amblin's Balto (1995) and Disney's The Jungle Book 2 (2003)."
}
] |
Collins has three books about his life.
| 0 | 0 |
Phil Collins
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became heir apparent to the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1612 on the death of his elder brother Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales."
}
] |
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|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Together, they embodied an image of virtue and family life, and their court became a model of formality and morality."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles",
"text": "The authors of his death warrant referred to him as \"Charles Stuart, King of England\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became heir apparent to the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1612 on the death of his elder brother Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James VI was the first cousin twice removed of Queen Elizabeth I of England, and when she died childless in March 1603, he became King of England as James I. Charles was a weak and sickly infant, and while his parents and older siblings left for England in April and early June that year, due to his fragile health, he remained in Scotland with his father's friend Lord Fyvie, appointed as his guardian."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Charles was crowned on 2 February 1626 at Westminster Abbey, but without his wife at his side because she refused to participate in a Protestant religious ceremony."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "Charles was accused of treason against England by using his power to pursue his personal interest rather than the good of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious conflicts | Bishops' Wars",
"text": "Although originally a critic of the king, Strafford defected to royal service in 1628 (due in part to Buckingham's persuasion), and had since emerged, alongside Laud, as the most influential of Charles's ministers."
},
{
"section_header": "Long Parliament | Tensions escalate",
"text": "Charles, fearing for the safety of his family in the face of unrest, assented reluctantly to Strafford's attainder on 9 May after consulting his judges and bishops."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious conflicts | Bishops' Wars",
"text": "Consequently, Charles summoned what later became known as the Long Parliament."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "\"At the end of the third day, Charles was removed from the court, which then heard over 30 witnesses against the king in his absence over the next two days, and on 26 January condemned him to death."
}
] |
Charles became King to 2 countries due to a death in the family.
| 3 | 7 |
Charles I of England
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Villeneuve's version",
"text": "A widower merchant lives in a mansion with his six children (three sons and three daughters)."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Modern uses and adaptations | Television",
"text": "Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics episode \"Beauty and the Beast\" (The Story of the Summer Garden and the Winter Garden) (1988), in which the Beast has an ogre-like appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern uses and adaptations | Television",
"text": "Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child (1995), episode \"Beauty and the Beast\", featuring the voices of Vanessa L. Williams and Gregory Hines."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern uses and adaptations | Literature",
"text": "The Scarlet Flower (1858), a Russian fairy tale by Sergey Aksakov. Beauty and the Beast ... The Story Retold (1886), by Laura E. Richards. Beauty: A Retelling of the Story of Beauty and the Beast (1978), by Robin McKinley."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern uses and adaptations | Other",
"text": "The narrative of the Sierra Entertainment adventure game King's Quest VI follows several fairy tales, and Beauty and the Beast is the focus of one multiple part quest."
},
{
"section_header": "Broader themes",
"text": "Harris identifies the two most popular strands of fairy tale in the 18th century as the fantastical romance for adults and the didactic tale for children."
},
{
"section_header": "Broader themes",
"text": "Beauty and the Beast is interesting as it bridges this gap, with Villeneuve's version being written as a salon tale for adults and Beaumont's being written as a didactic tale for children."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Villeneuve's version",
"text": "Suddenly, a fairy appears and pleads with Beauty to answer why she keeps refusing him, to which she replies that she doesn't know how to love the Beast because she loves him only as a friend and not a seducer."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern uses and adaptations | Film",
"text": "Spike (2008), directed by Robert Beaucage, a dark version of the fairy tale updated to modern times."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern uses and adaptations | Television",
"text": "A Tale of the Crimson Flower\" (1998), featuring the voices of Amy Irving as the Beauty, Tim Curry as the Beast, and Robert Loggia as Beauty's father."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern uses and adaptations | Television",
"text": "Beauty and the Beast (1976), a made for television movie starring George C. Scott and Trish Van Devere. Beauty and the Beast (1984), an episode of Shelley Duvall's Faerie Tale Theatre, starring Klaus Kinski and Susan Sarandon."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Villeneuve's version",
"text": "A widower merchant lives in a mansion with his six children (three sons and three daughters)."
}
] |
In the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast, Beauty has five siblings.
| 1 | 3 |
Beauty and the Beast
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Health",
"text": "All surviving sources, except Pliny the Elder, characterize Caligula as insane."
}
] |
75yKKlArejI51tsGwnPM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Health",
"text": "The other parts of his body were much covered with hair ... He was crazy both in body and mind, being subject, when a boy, to the falling sickness."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Primary sources",
"text": "On Tranquility of Mind On the Shortness of Life To Polybius, On Consolation To Helvia, On Consolation On Benefits"
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Assassination and aftermath",
"text": "According to Suetonius, Caligula's body was placed under turf until it was burned and entombed by his sisters."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Assassination and aftermath",
"text": "With this in mind Chaerea convinced his fellow conspirators, who included Marcus Vinicius and Lucius Annius Vinicianus, to put their plot into action quickly."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historiography",
"text": "There are few surviving sources on Caligula and none of them paints Caligula in a favourable light."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary material",
"text": "\" The Madness of the Emperor Caligula\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Macro spoke well of Caligula to Tiberius, attempting to quell any ill will or suspicion the Emperor felt towards Caligula."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "To the surprise of many, Caligula was spared by Tiberius."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Eastern policy",
"text": "Herod Antipas confessed and Caligula exiled him."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Suetonius claims that Caligula was already cruel and vicious"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Health",
"text": "All surviving sources, except Pliny the Elder, characterize Caligula as insane."
}
] |
Caligula was of sane mind and body.
| 0 | 0 |
Caligula
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jawaharlal Nehru (; Hindi: [ˈdʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈneːɦru] (listen); 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian independence activist and, subsequently, the first Prime Minister of India, as well as a central figure in Indian politics both before and after independence."
}
] |
76PBglatjocxXeXePZuL
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REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of India (1947–1964)",
"text": "Nehru served as prime minister for 18 years, first as the interim prime minister and from 1950 as the prime minister of the republic of India."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of India (1947–1964) | Interim Prime Minister and Independence: 1946–52",
"text": "Congress won majority of seats in the assembly and headed the interim government with Nehru as the prime minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of India (1947–1964) | Interim Prime Minister and Independence: 1946–52 | Independence",
"text": "He took office as the Prime Minister of India on 15 August, and delivered his inaugural address titled \"Tryst with Destiny\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Key cabinet members and associates | Krishna Menon",
"text": "Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon (1896–1974) was a close associate of Nehru, and had been described by some as the second most powerful man in India during Nehru's tenure as prime minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of India (1947–1964) | Republicanism",
"text": "Nehru's daughter, Indira Gandhi, as prime minister, de-recognised all the rulers by a presidential order in 1969, a decision struck down by the Supreme Court of India."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of India (1947–1964) | Interim Prime Minister and Independence: 1946–52",
"text": "Nehru and his colleagues were released prior to the arrival of the British 1946 Cabinet Mission to India to propose plans for transfer of power."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of India (1947–1964) | Interim Prime Minister and Independence: 1946–52",
"text": "After failed bids to form coalitions, Nehru reluctantly supported the partition of India, according to a plan released by the British on 3 June 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of India (1947–1964) | Republicanism",
"text": "In July 1946, Nehru pointedly observed that no princely state could prevail militarily against the army of independent India."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of India (1947–1964) | First term as Prime Minister: 1952–57 | State reorganization",
"text": "Western scholars have mostly praised Nehru for the integration of the states into a modern republic, though the act was not accepted universally in India."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of India (1947–1964) | First term as Prime Minister: 1952–57 | State reorganization",
"text": "The efforts of this commission were overseen by Govind Ballabh Pant, who served as Nehru's Home Minister from December 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jawaharlal Nehru (; Hindi: [ˈdʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈneːɦru] (listen); 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian independence activist and, subsequently, the first Prime Minister of India, as well as a central figure in Indian politics both before and after independence."
}
] |
Nehru was the second ever Prime Minister of India.
| 0 | 5 |
Jawaharlal Nehru
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The play is introduced to the audience by Tom, the narrator and protagonist, as a memory play based on his recollection of his mother Amanda and his sister Laura."
}
] |
76td9RbgRrFh8jV3MU0m
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He and Laura share a quiet dance, in which he accidentally brushes against her glass menagerie, knocking a glass unicorn to the floor and breaking off its horn."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": ", Kiefer Sutherland returned to his theatrical roots, starring with his mother, Canadian actress Shirley Douglas, in a Canadian production of The Glass Menagerie at the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "The story is also written from narrator Tom Wingfield, and many of his soliloquies from The Glass Menagerie seem lifted straight from this original."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie has had several Broadway revivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Two Hollywood film versions of The Glass Menagerie have been produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "With the success of The Glass Menagerie, Williams was to give half of the royalties from the play to his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Generally, the story contains the same plot as the play, with certain sections given more emphasis, and character details edited (for example, in the story,"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "She has created a world of her own symbolized by her collection of glass figurines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie is a memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie was Williams' first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The play is introduced to the audience by Tom, the narrator and protagonist, as a memory play based on his recollection of his mother Amanda and his sister Laura."
}
] |
The Glass Menagerie is a theatrical story presented as the recollections the main character is sharing about his female relatives.
| 0 | 0 |
The Glass Menagerie
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Rickey's grave overlooks the Scioto Valley, about three miles from his boyhood home in Stockdale, Ohio."
}
] |
76yjgwfV4t9p0HRmowIc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "A public speaker in his later years, on November 13, 1965, Rickey collapsed in the middle of a speech in Columbia, Missouri, as he was being elected to the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals (1919–1942)",
"text": "The concept of this pattern originated in a Presbyterian church in Ferguson, Missouri, at which Rickey was speaking."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Rickey's grave overlooks the Scioto Valley, about three miles from his boyhood home in Stockdale, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Return to Cardinals",
"text": "owner August A. Busch Jr. He wanted to come home to Missouri after suffering a heart attack in Canada a year earlier and after the death of his son, Branch Jr."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On December 9, at about 10 p.m. he died of heart failure at Boone County Memorial Hospital in Columbia, Missouri, 11 days before his 84th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Branch Rickey was interred at Rush Township Burial Park in Rushtown, Ohio, near where his parents, his widow Jane (who died in 1971), and three of his children (including Branch Rickey Jr., who died from complications of diabetes at age 47 in 1961) also rest."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He graduated from Valley High School in Lucasville, Ohio, in 1899, and he was a catcher on the baseball team at Ohio Wesleyan University, where he obtained his B.A. Rickey"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates (1951–1955)",
"text": "But that association ended in the middle of August 1959, when, nearing his 78th birthday, Rickey took on another challenge as the chief executive of a proposed third major league, the Continental League."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Return to Cardinals",
"text": "But Rickey's second stint with the Cardinals was marred by controversy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Brooklyn Dodgers (1942–1950) | Breaking the color barrier",
"text": "His success became the crowning achievement of Rickey's illustrious career."
}
] |
Rickey's burial spot is in Missouri and is near the Missouri Valley.
| 0 | 5 |
Branch Rickey
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chipper Jones was born in DeLand, Florida, on April 24, 1972."
}
] |
77I0L9JHrcCp5CMsR8ce
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Draft",
"text": "Atlanta then selected Jones, who played shortstop at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2000–2005",
"text": "Jones was 3rd in the league with a .435 on-base percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2006–2007",
"text": "The 2006 season was one of numerous milestones for Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2012: Final season",
"text": "Jones also has the most RBIs of any player who was primarily a third baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Jones and Higgins were married on June 14, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 1999: MVP season",
"text": "Ironically, Jones was not selected for the MLB All-Star game that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "As of June 14, 2012, Jones and his wife Sharon had separated."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chipper Jones was born in DeLand, Florida, on April 24, 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Larry Wayne Jones, Sr., was a teacher and coach at T. DeWitt Taylor High School in Pierson, the same high school Jones would later attend and play baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 1993–1998",
"text": "However, Jones suffered an ACL tear in his left knee in spring training."
}
] |
Jones is from Jacksonville.
| 1 | 2 |
Chipper Jones
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Managing career",
"text": "Traynor became the Pirates' player-manager during the 1934 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career",
"text": "He retired as an active player after the 1937 season, but continued as the Pirates' manager."
}
] |
77c8v8pcSaCgBNIcO7x7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managing career",
"text": "He almost won another pennant as a manager in 1938, as the Pirates led the NL for most of the season before faltering to the Chicago Cubs in the famous \"Homer in the Gloamin'\" game at Wrigley Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harold Joseph \"Pie\" Traynor (November 11, 1898 – March 16, 1972) was an American professional baseball player, manager, scout and radio broadcaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career",
"text": "Traynor became the Pirates' player-manager during the 1934 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career",
"text": "He retired as an active player after the 1937 season, but continued as the Pirates' manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career",
"text": "He seemed to lose confidence in his team, and after a sixth-place finish in 1939, he resigned after five seasons as the manager of the Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career",
"text": "The loss of the pennant devastated Traynor."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He was asked by a Boston Braves scout to work out with the team at Braves Field, but the scout forgot to tell Braves manager George Stallings."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement and legacy",
"text": "Traynor retired from broadcasting in 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement and legacy",
"text": "Traynor was buried in Homewood Cemetery in Pittsburgh."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Stallings ran Traynor off the field, telling him not to return."
}
] |
Harold Joseph "Pie" Traynor was the manager of the Chicago Cubs.
| 0 | 3 |
Pie Traynor
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Widely regarded as one of the greatest second basemen of all time, Gehringer, who batted left-handed and threw with his right, compiled a .320 batting average and had seven seasons with more than 200 hits."
}
] |
78RnI0EBI3pRNgVkbh99
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked Number 46 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "At age 82, Gehringer served as the American League honorary captain at the 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "A quiet man",
"text": "Player-manager Mickey Cochrane joked that \"Charlie says `hello' on Opening Day, `goodbye' on closing day, and in between hits .350.\"Gehringer"
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "Both players attended the ceremony."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "He was the American League batting champion in 1937 with a .371 average and was also named the American League's Most Valuable Player."
},
{
"section_header": "Gehringer becomes a star: 1927–1933",
"text": "At the end of the 1928 season, Gehringer placed 19th in the voting for the American League's Most Valuable Player."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "Gehringer also served as a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame's Committee on Baseball Veterans from 1953 to 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "MVP award and batting crown",
"text": "Gehringer finally secured his own American League Most Valuable Player trophy, and a batting crown, in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Back-to-back pennants (1934 and 1935)",
"text": "Gehringer finished 2nd in the American League MVP voting, just 2 points behind Detroit's player-manager, Mickey Cochrane."
},
{
"section_header": "Gehringer, his mother and family",
"text": "Charlie Gehringer was a cousin of retired Hall of Fame pitcher John Smoltz."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Widely regarded as one of the greatest second basemen of all time, Gehringer, who batted left-handed and threw with his right, compiled a .320 batting average and had seven seasons with more than 200 hits."
}
] |
American baseball player Charlie Gehringer was ambidextrous.
| 0 | 0 |
Charlie Gehringer
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Found within the province of North Holland, Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the \"Venice of the North\", attributed by the large number of canals which form a UNESCO World Heritage Site."
}
] |
78l1dF4nkETOC6QFRmJR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Nightlife",
"text": "Since Amsterdam is a multicultural city, a lot of different ethnic restaurants can be found."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration",
"text": "In the 1960s guest workers from Turkey, Morocco, Italy, and Spain emigrated to Amsterdam."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century–present",
"text": "These developments have evoked comparisons with Venice, a city thought to be overwhelmed by the tourist influx."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Water",
"text": "It has been compared with Venice, due to its division into about 90 islands, which are linked by more than 1,200 bridges."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Cloudy and damp days are common during the cooler months of October through March."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Nightlife",
"text": "Amsterdam has many cafés (bars)."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Nightlife",
"text": "Amsterdam also possesses many discothèques."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape and architecture | Architecture",
"text": "Buildings of this period are very recognisable with their stepped gable façades, which is the common Dutch Renaissance style."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Nightlife",
"text": "Many restaurants can be found in Amsterdam as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Found within the province of North Holland, Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the \"Venice of the North\", attributed by the large number of canals which form a UNESCO World Heritage Site."
}
] |
Many would say that Amsterdam and Venice, Italy have a lot in common.
| 0 | 0 |
Amsterdam
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Chichen Itza is located in the eastern portion of Yucatán state in Mexico."
}
] |
78qnfgTwkrxLFYTEz7y9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Chichen Itza is located in the eastern portion of Yucatán state in Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chichen Itza is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico with over 2.6 million tourists in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The archaeological site is located in Tinúm Municipality, Yucatán State, Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Despite the fact that the vote was sponsored by a commercial enterprise, and that its methodology was criticized, the vote was embraced by government and tourism officials in Mexico who projected that as a result of the publicity the number of tourists to Chichen would double by 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Chichen Itza is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico; in 2017 it was estimated to have received 2.1 million visitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Central Group",
"text": "The long, western-facing façade has seven doorways."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "There are four visible, natural sink holes, called cenotes, that could have provided plentiful water year round at Chichen, making it attractive for settlement."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "The northern Yucatán Peninsula is karst, and the rivers in the interior all run underground."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Of these cenotes, the \"Cenote Sagrado\" or Sacred Cenote (also variously known as the Sacred"
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Well or Well of Sacrifice), is the most famous."
}
] |
Chichen Itza is a tourist location in western Mexico.
| 3 | 6 |
Chichen Itza
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "He is born healthy and grows up to be one of the wisest characters in the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "Vyasa fathers a third son, Vidura, by the maid."
}
] |
790fktesqo5u5nySQeYu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "He is born healthy and grows up to be one of the wisest characters in the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "Vyasa fathers a third son, Vidura, by the maid."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure | Accretion and redaction",
"text": "200 CE).According to what one character says at Mbh."
},
{
"section_header": "Kuru family tree",
"text": "Dhritarashtra, Pandu and Vidura were the sons of Vyasa with Ambika, Ambalika and a maid servant respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "However, Ambika and Ambalika send their maid instead, to Vyasa's room."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The end of the Pandavas",
"text": "One by one the brothers and Draupadi fall on their way."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure | Accretion and redaction",
"text": "The Vasu version would omit the frame settings and begin with the account of the birth of Vyasa."
},
{
"section_header": "Kuru family tree",
"text": "b: Pandu and Dhritarashtra were fathered by Vyasa in the niyoga tradition after Vichitravirya's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure",
"text": "The epic is traditionally ascribed to the sage Vyāsa, who is also a major character in the epic."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Critical Edition",
"text": "This work is sometimes called the \"Pune\" or \"Poona\" edition of the Mahabharata."
}
] |
Vidura's parents are Vyasa and a maid and he is one of the smartest characters in the Mahabharata.
| 3 | 5 |
Mahabharata
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Of those businesses the youth academy remains in operation, with the restaurant having closed in 2010 after changing ownership and locations once."
}
] |
79O6GFmC99yt7TZZQvkM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Smith opened \"Ozzie's\" restaurant and sports bar in 1988, started a youth sports academy in 1990, became an investor in a grocery store chain in 1999, and partnered with David Slay to open a restaurant in the early 2000s."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Of those businesses the youth academy remains in operation, with the restaurant having closed in 2010 after changing ownership and locations once."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "On September 2 Smith tied a career high by scoring four runs, one of which was a home run, and another on a close play at home plate in the bottom of the 10th inning against division leader Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith played a variety of sports in his youth, but considered baseball to be his favorite."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "When St. Louis was trailing 3–1 with one out in the sixth inning of Game 7, Smith started a rally with a base hit to left field, eventually scoring the first of the team's three runs that inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "When the Cardinals were trailing by 10 runs during Game 7 on October 17, Smith flied out to right field while pinch-hitting in the sixth inning, marking the end of his playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "The Cardinals scored two more runs in the 8th inning for a 6-3 win and the championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "In a closed-door meeting in mid-May, La Russa asked Smith if he would like to be traded."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "With the score tied at two runs apiece in the bottom of the ninth inning, Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda called upon closer Tom Niedenfuer to pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "In the top of the ninth inning, Phillies pinch-hitter Von Hayes hit a short fly ball to left field, which was pursued by both Smith and left fielder Curt Ford."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith opened a youth sports academy in 1990 that closed in 1996 after a fire.
| 4 | 5 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Theories | Conditioning theories",
"text": "Conditioning plays a huge part in the concept of persuasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Conditioning theories",
"text": "It is more often about leading someone into taking certain actions of their own, rather than giving direct commands."
}
] |
79T3OW97eAa0zNjbHITI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Theories | Conditioning theories",
"text": "This conditioning is thought to affect how people view certain products, knowing that most purchases are made on the basis of emotion."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Inoculation theory",
"text": "An example would be a manufacturer of a product displaying an ad that refutes one particular claim made about a rival's product, so that when the audience sees an ad for said rival product, they refute the product claims automatically."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Social judgment theory",
"text": "Social judgment theory suggests that when people are presented with an idea or any kind of persuasive proposal, their natural reaction is to immediately seek a way to sort the information subconsciously and react to it."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Social judgment theory",
"text": "Repeatedly suggesting ideas on the fringe of the acceptance latitude makes people gradually adjust their anchor points, while suggesting ideas in the rejection latitude or even the non-commitment latitude does not change the audience's anchor point."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Inoculation theory",
"text": "This often occurs in negative advertisements and comparative advertisements—both for products and political causes."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Scarcity",
"text": "To get people to believe that something is scarcer, marketers explain what about that certain product provides what no other product does."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Relationship-based persuasion of Shell and Moussa",
"text": "Step 3: Make the pitch People need a solid reason to justify a decision, yet at the same time many decisions are made on the basis of intuition."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Conditioning theories",
"text": "The hope is that repeating the message several times makes consumers more likely to purchase the product because they already connect it with a good emotion and positive experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In business, persuasion is a process aimed at changing a person's (or a group's) attitude or behaviour toward some event, idea, object, or other person(s), by using written, spoken words or visual tools to convey information, feelings, or reasoning, or a combination thereof."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Conditioning theories",
"text": "They discovered that persuasion has little or no effect on advertisement; however, there was a substantial effect of persuasion on voting if there was face-to-face contact."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Conditioning theories",
"text": "Conditioning plays a huge part in the concept of persuasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Conditioning theories",
"text": "It is more often about leading someone into taking certain actions of their own, rather than giving direct commands."
}
] |
The idea of inception is purely a product of the writer behind the movie, and has no basis in real persuasive theory.
| 1 | 2 |
Persuasion
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal cathedral, later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum (Ayasofya Müzesi) in Istanbul, Turkey."
}
] |
7A43Hs1xK8AfCOnArfCs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was re-opened in 1935 as a museum by the Republic of Turkey."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable elements and decorations | Mosaics | 19th-century restoration",
"text": "Most of the missing images were located in the building's two tympana."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable elements and decorations | Mosaics | Northern tympanum mosaics",
"text": "They have been able to survive due to the very high and unreachable location."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Upper gallery",
"text": "The best-preserved mosaics are located in the southern part of the gallery."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable elements and decorations | Mosaics | Apse mosaics",
"text": "This mosaic is situated in a high location on the half dome of the apse."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline of Hagia Sophia",
"text": "1935 – The building was transformed into a museum on the order of the first President of Turkey Atatürk."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Museum (1935–present)",
"text": "Greece condemned this action, while Turkey in response accused Greece of making “futile and ineffective statements”."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable elements and decorations | Loggia of the Empress",
"text": "The Loggia of the Empress is located in the centre of the upper enclosure, or gallery, of the Hagia Sophia."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable elements and decorations | Mosaics | Comnenus mosaic",
"text": "The Comnenus mosaic, also located on the eastern wall of the southern gallery, dates from 1122."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hagia Sophia was, as of 2014, the second-most visited museum in Turkey, attracting almost 3.3 million visitors annually."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal cathedral, later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum (Ayasofya Müzesi) in Istanbul, Turkey."
}
] |
It is located in Turkey.
| 1 | 8 |
Hagia Sophia
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane was considered one of the best catchers in baseball history and is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame."
}
] |
7A8A5AHBTrbmcJQwQ7NI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "He was also known as \"Black Mike\" because of his fiery, competitive nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane was considered one of the best catchers in baseball history and is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "His .419 on-base percentage is among the best in baseball history, and is the highest all-time among catchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "He made an immediate impact by becoming Connie Mack's starting catcher in place of Cy Perkins, who was considered one of the best catchers in the major leagues at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "It was with Detroit where Cochrane cemented his reputation as a team leader and his competitive nature drove the Tigers, who had been picked to finish in fourth or fifth place, to the 1934 American League championship, their first pennant in 25 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "On May 25, 1937; Cochrane was hit in the head by a pitch from Yankees pitcher Bump Hadley."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Yankee Hall of Fame slugger Mickey Mantle was named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gordon Stanley \"Mickey\" Cochrane (April 6, 1903 – June 28, 1962), nicknamed \"Black Mike\", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Cochrane returned to the dugout to continue managing the Tigers but had lost his competitive fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Due in part to his high-strung nature, however, he suffered a nervous breakdown during the 1936 season."
}
] |
Mickey was known as one of the best pitchers in baseball history and was known for his competitive nature.
| 1 | 5 |
Mickey Cochrane
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Goethe, aged 24 at the time, finished Werther in five-and-a-half weeks of intensive writing in January–March 1774."
}
] |
7AMIX8ujXr2J56111OL0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Most of The Sorrows of Young Werther, a story about unrequited love, is presented as a collection of letters written by Werther, a young artist of a sensitive and passionate temperament, to his friend Wilhelm."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The Sorrows of Young Werther, Modern Library, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The Sorrows of Young Werther, Oxford World's Classics, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The Sorrows of Young Werther, Dover Thrift Editions, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The Sorrows of Young Werther, & Novelle, Classics Edition, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Goethe, aged 24 at the time, finished Werther in five-and-a-half weeks of intensive writing in January–March 1774."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "by Random House. The Sorrows of Young Werther, Classics Library Complete Collection, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Effect on Goethe",
"text": "Yet, Goethe substantially reworked the book for the 1787 edition and acknowledged the great personal and emotional influence that The Sorrows of Young Werther could exert on forlorn young lovers who discovered it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sorrows of Young Werther (German: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers) is a loosely autobiographical epistolary novel by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "As he commented to his secretary in 1821, \"It must be bad, if not everybody was to have a time in his life, when he felt as though Werther had been written exclusively for him.\" Even fifty years after the book's publication, Goethe wrote in a conversation with Johann Peter Eckermann about the emotional turmoil he had gone through while writing the book: \"That was a creation which I, like the pelican, fed with the blood of my own heart.\" The Sorrows of Young Werther turned Goethe, previously an unknown author, into a literary celebrity almost overnight."
}
] |
The Sorrows of Young Werther was written in less than six weeks.
| 3 | 4 |
The Sorrows of Young Werther
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball executive and coaching career",
"text": "Simmons rejoined the Braves in October 2015, as a scout."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He spent three seasons with the Braves as a utility player and pinch hitter before retiring as a player in 1988 at the age of 38."
}
] |
7BXqzHu76mmLPqvtON9j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball executive and coaching career",
"text": "He also was Director of Player Development for both the Cardinals and San Diego Padres, and a scout at the Major League level for the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball executive and coaching career",
"text": "Simmons rejoined the Braves in October 2015, as a scout."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ted Lyle Simmons (born August 9, 1949) is an American former professional baseball player and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He spent three seasons with the Braves as a utility player and pinch hitter before retiring as a player in 1988 at the age of 38."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His batting average fell to .221 in 1984, though Simmons rebounded in 1985 with a .273 average and 76 RBI's, and in March 1986 he was traded to the Atlanta Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A switch-hitter, Simmons was a catcher for most of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the St. Louis Cardinals (1968–80), the Milwaukee Brewers (1981–85) and the Atlanta Braves (1986–88)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball executive and coaching career",
"text": "In Spring training 1992 Simmons had agreed to trade left fielder Barry Bonds to the Atlanta Braves, but backed out when Pirates manager Jim Leyland threatened to quit."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Despite the Cardinals finishing the season in fourth place, Simmons would finish in 10th place in the National League Most Valuable Player Award balloting."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Most Valuable Player Award balloting as the Cardinals ended the season in fourth place."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He finished 16th in balloting for the 1971 National League Most Valuable Player Award as the Cardinals finished in second place behind the Pittsburgh Pirates in the National League Eastern Division."
}
] |
Ted Simmons worked for the Braves as both a player and a scout.
| 0 | 2 |
Ted Simmons
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–present: My House and upcoming fifth studio album",
"text": "In July 2017, he declared in an interview that his fifth album is still in the works and that it's 70 percent finished."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–present: My House and upcoming fifth studio album",
"text": "On April 8, he announced he was \"88% done\"."
}
] |
7BbqvrZbsWjcwWcTU8LA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2011: Only One Flo (Part 1)",
"text": "In March 2010, Flo Rida announced on Twitter that the album would be titled The Only One."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–present: My House and upcoming fifth studio album",
"text": "In July 2017, he declared in an interview that his fifth album is still in the works and that it's 70 percent finished."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–present: My House and upcoming fifth studio album",
"text": "On April 8, he announced he was \"88% done\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–present: My House and upcoming fifth studio album",
"text": "In January 2014, Flo Rida was featured in the song \"One Night Stand\" by Slovak duo TWiiNS."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–present: My House and upcoming fifth studio album",
"text": "On August 22, 2016, Flo Rida was featured on the Pitbull's single \"Greenlight\", included in Pitbull's tenth album Climate Change."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–present: My House and upcoming fifth studio album",
"text": "\"Got Me Runnin' Round.\" Flo Rida was also featured in Jeremih's track"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2013: Wild Ones",
"text": "Flo Rida's fourth album, Wild Ones (originally titled Only One Rida (Part 2)) was released in July 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–present: My House and upcoming fifth studio album",
"text": "On June 19, 2015, Flo Rida released the second single called"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–present: My House and upcoming fifth studio album",
"text": "On July 29, 2016, Flo Rida released \"Zillionaire\", that was featured in the trailer for Masterminds."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2011: Only One Flo (Part 1)",
"text": "Flo Rida's third album Only One Flo (Part 1) was released on November 24, 2010."
}
] |
Flo Rida has announced he is working on his fifth album.
| 0 | 0 |
Flo Rida
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wahlberg transitioned from music to acting, with his screen debut in Renaissance Man (1994) and his first starring role in Fear (1996)."
}
] |
7Bha26TeF1eCgZHiSud1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the early 2000s, he ventured into big budget action-oriented movies, such as The Perfect Storm (2000), Planet of the Apes (2001), and The Italian Job (2003)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "During the early 2000s, Wahlberg appeared in remakes of 1960s films such as Planet of the Apes, The Truth About Charlie (remake of Charade), and The Italian Job."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "which is his first voice acting role."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the youngest of nine children, including actor Robert and singer and actor Donnie."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wahlberg's father Donald was an Army veteran of the Korean War, and he died on February 14, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "The film received commercial success and mostly positive reviews, and Wahlberg's performance was highly praised."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal issues",
"text": "One of the black children attacked by Wahlberg opposed the pardon, saying: \"a racist will always be a racist.\" Judith Beals, who had been the prosecutor in some of the cases, argued that \"Wahlberg has never acknowledged the racial nature of his crimes\" and that a pardon would undermine Wahlberg's charity work, saying: \"a formal public pardon would highlight all too clearly that if you are white and a movie star, a different standard applies."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He added that \"there would have been a lot of blood in that first-class cabin"
},
{
"section_header": "Legal issues",
"text": "Wahlberg's attorney claimed that Wahlberg and McCall, who is black, were provoked after McCall was called a racial slur by Crehan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the world's best-paid actor in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wahlberg transitioned from music to acting, with his screen debut in Renaissance Man (1994) and his first starring role in Fear (1996)."
}
] |
Wahlberg's first movie as an actor was Planet of the Apes.
| 0 | 4 |
Mark Wahlberg
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie's fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad."
}
] |
7BnYJaBEmI4BYVComRiU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The two protagonists, Gibreel Farishta and Saladin Chamcha, are both actors of Indian Muslim background."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie's fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The part of the story that deals with the \"satanic verses\" was based on accounts from the historians al-Waqidi and al-Tabari."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Farishta is a Bollywood superstar who specialises in playing Hindu deities. (The character is partly based on Indian film stars Amitabh Bachchan and N. T. Rama Rao.) Chamcha is an emigrant who has broken with his Indian identity and works as a voiceover artist in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "In a 2003 volume of criticism of Rushdie's career, the influential critic Harold Bloom named The Satanic Verses \"Rushdie's largest aesthetic achievement\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "\" The Satanic Verses also exhibits Rushdie's common practice of using allusions to invoke connotative links."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In a miraculous transformation, Farishta takes on the personality of the archangel Gabriel and Chamcha that of a devil."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Satanic Verses consists of a frame narrative, using elements of magical realism, interlaced with a series of sub-plots that are narrated as dream visions experienced by one of the protagonists."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In another moment of crisis, Farishta realises what Chamcha has done, but forgives him and even saves his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Chamcha, who has found not only forgiveness from Farishta but also reconciliation with his estranged father and his own Indian identity, decides to remain in India."
}
] |
The Satanic Verses is Rushdie's fifth novel based on true events from al-Waqidi, Saladin Chamcha and Gibreel Farishta.
| 3 | 4 |
The Satanic Verses
|
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