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Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Stanley Mazeroski (born September 5, 1936) is an American former baseball second baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1956–1972 and hit one of the epic home runs in major league history, a dramatic ninth-inning blast that decided the 1960 World Series and remains the only walk-off homer in a seventh game."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "As a 17-year-old in 1954, Mazeroski signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
}
] |
5Nd4mVnwHAqEO76FLoBa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mazeroski spent his entire playing career with the Pirates before he became ex-teammate Bill Virdon's third-base coach in the 1973 season, one year after his retirement as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He started on the varsity baseball team as a freshman."
},
{
"section_header": "Film cameo",
"text": "In reality, Mazeroski never suffered such an inglorious moment during his playing days, but according to the Society for American Baseball Research was part of triple plays in both 1966 and 1968 as a fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "As a 17-year-old in 1954, Mazeroski signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Film cameo",
"text": "Mazeroski was the focus of a staged game-ending triple play as part of a cameo appearance in the 1968 Hollywood hit film"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "In a span of 12 seasons (1957-68), he started 150 or more games seven times and at least 129 in every one."
},
{
"section_header": "Film cameo",
"text": "The Odd Couple. In the scene, Oscar Madison was distracted from witnessing the play by an annoying phone call from Felix Ungar (immediately after sarcastically predicting to fellow sportswriter Heywood Hale Broun that the Mets still had a chance to win if Mazeroski hit into a triple play)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mazeroski was a key member of two Pirates World Series championship teams in the 1960 and 1971 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "Mazeroski serves as special infield instructor for the Pirates in spring training and is retired in Panama City, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Film cameo",
"text": "He caught it, stepped on third, threw to second, threw to first, a triple play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Stanley Mazeroski (born September 5, 1936) is an American former baseball second baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1956–1972 and hit one of the epic home runs in major league history, a dramatic ninth-inning blast that decided the 1960 World Series and remains the only walk-off homer in a seventh game."
}
] |
Mazeroski started playing for the Pirates as a teenager.
| 1 | 2 |
Bill Mazeroski
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Bucketfoot Al\", he played for two decades in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder and had his best years with Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics during the late 1920s and early 1930s, winning two World Series with Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Simmons also played for the Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, Washington Senators, Boston Braves, Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox."
}
] |
5Nr6eLQSPTFysJISs8j6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In 1999, Simmons ranked number 43 on Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career (1933–1944)",
"text": "Simmons played in the major leagues until 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Bucketfoot Al\", he played for two decades in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder and had his best years with Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics during the late 1920s and early 1930s, winning two World Series with Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Simmons was known by his birth last name (Szymanski) until he was playing for a local minor league team and he was tired of hearing people mispronounce it."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "He recorded a .300 batting average and 100 or more RBI in his first 11 major league seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "While Cleveland manager Al López encouraged Simmons to think about his decision, Simmons said he could no longer help the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "Simmons accumulated 1,500 hits in 1,040 games and 2,000 hits in 1,393 games, which remains the shortest number of games needed to attain both marks in major league history."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "He hit .340 or better in eight different seasons, with four seasons of better than .380."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In a 1976 Esquire article, sportswriter Harry Stein published an \"All Time All-Star Argument Starter\", consisting of five ethnic baseball teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Simmons was the right fielder on Stein's Polish team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Simmons also played for the Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, Washington Senators, Boston Braves, Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox."
}
] |
Al Simmons played for 7 different Major League Baseball teams.
| 0 | 0 |
Al Simmons
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Of world capitals, only Reykjavík lies more to the north than Helsinki."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Swedish era",
"text": "In the 16th century, Mikael Agricola published the first written works in Finnish, and Finland's current capital city, Helsinki, was founded by Gustav I of Sweden."
}
] |
5OQjIXP9aU2XXbaQ4fmt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Helsinki, the capital of Finland, and Tampere are largest cities and urban areas in the whole country."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "Helsinki opened the world's northernmost metro system in 1982, which also serves the neighbouring city of Espoo since 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Of world capitals, only Reykjavík lies more to the north than Helsinki."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Finland is one of the world's northernmost countries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Swedish era",
"text": "In the 16th century, Mikael Agricola published the first written works in Finnish, and Finland's current capital city, Helsinki, was founded by Gustav I of Sweden."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2015, Finland was ranked first in the World Human Capital and the Press Freedom Index and as the most stable country in the world during 2011–2016 in the Fragile States Index, and second in the Global Gender Gap Report."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II and after",
"text": "For 872 days, the German army, aided indirectly by Finnish forces, besieged Leningrad, the USSR's second-largest city."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Two of the three largest cities in Finland are situated in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area—Helsinki and Espoo."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II and after",
"text": "In the 1970s and '80s, Finland built one of the most extensive welfare states in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II and after",
"text": "Much of the late 1990s economic growth was fueled by the success of the mobile phone manufacturer Nokia, which held a unique position of representing 80% of the market capitalization of the Helsinki Stock Exchange."
}
] |
Finland has the northernmost capital city in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Finland
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Product overview | Driver requirements",
"text": "Lyft has a zero-tolerance drug and alcohol policy."
}
] |
5Pvjjy8v9NR37GMYXAYW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Product overview | Ratings",
"text": "Lyft does not allow passengers to know their rating."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In December 2015, Lyft became the first ridesharing company allowed to pick up passengers at Los Angeles International Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Sexual assault lawsuits",
"text": "Many women claim that, even after they reported their assault to Lyft, the company ignored their report and continued to allow the assailants to drive with Lyft."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Lyft partnered with Allscripts to create a platform allowing healthcare providers to arrange rides for patients who lack transportation to appointments."
},
{
"section_header": "Product overview | Car rides",
"text": "Lyft XL matches passengers with a vehicle that can seat at least six passengers."
},
{
"section_header": "Product overview | Car rides",
"text": "Lyft is the basic and most popular offering that matches passengers with nearby drivers."
},
{
"section_header": "Product overview | Car rides",
"text": "Lux matches passengers with a luxury vehicle that seats at least four passengers."
},
{
"section_header": "Product overview | Ratings",
"text": "Any driver averaging a low rating by a passenger will not be matched with that passenger again."
},
{
"section_header": "Product overview | Car rides",
"text": "Lux Black matches passengers with a luxury black exterior vehicle ride that seats at least four passengers."
},
{
"section_header": "Product overview | Car rides",
"text": "Drivers and passengers can add personal information to their profiles about their hometown, music preferences, and other details to encourage drivers and passengers to converse during the ride."
},
{
"section_header": "Product overview | Driver requirements",
"text": "Lyft has a zero-tolerance drug and alcohol policy."
}
] |
Lyft allows adult beverages for their passengers.
| 2 | 4 |
Lyft
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "HBC owns the Saks Fifth Avenue and Saks Fifth Avenue"
}
] |
5QT8JXoif3ItGdZSsjTJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | Considered purchases",
"text": "the struggling Neiman Marcus Group Inc. It did not proceed with either deal."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | Lord & Taylor stores",
"text": "On 24 January 2012, the Financial Post reported that Richard Baker (owner of NDRC and governor of Hudson's Bay Company) had dissolved Hudson's Bay Trading Company and that the HBC would now also operate the Lord & Taylor chain."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "A U.S. company, Land & Buildings Investment Management, the owner of over 6 per cent of the shares, had also criticized the Baker plan."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hudson's Bay Company As an Imperial Factor 1821–1869."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The History of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1670 – 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2012 initial public offering",
"text": "Additionally, the company also announced that it would re-brand The Bay department store chain as \"Hudson's Bay\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century | North West Company: violent competition and merger",
"text": "In 1821, the North West Company of Montreal and Hudson's Bay Company were forcibly merged by intervention of the British government to put an end to often-violent competition."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "In December 2003, Maple Leaf Heritage Investments, a Nova Scotia-based company created to acquire shares of Hudson's Bay Company, announced that it was considering making an offer to acquire all or some of the common shares of Hudson's Bay Company."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 18th century",
"text": "In its trade with native peoples, Hudson's Bay Company exchanged wool blankets, called Hudson's Bay point blankets, for the beaver pelts trapped by aboriginal hunters."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Oil and gas operations",
"text": "The company co-founded Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Company (HBOG) in 1926 with Marland Oil Company (which merged with Conoco in 1929)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "HBC owns the Saks Fifth Avenue and Saks Fifth Avenue"
}
] |
Hudson's Bay Company is the owners of Neiman Marcus.
| 0 | 1 |
Hudson's Bay Company
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Together they had two children, a daughter and a son: Imogen Lloyd Webber ("
}
] |
5QsEugHUFFh9LWVl6qGh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They divorced on 3 January 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They have three children, two sons and one daughter, all of whom were born in Westminster: Alastair Adam Lloyd Webber (born 3 May 1992) William Richard Lloyd Webber (born 24 August 1993) Isabella Aurora Lloyd Webber (born 30 April 1996).Lloyd Webber and his third wife"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | 2000s",
"text": "He attended the ceremony on 3 December 2006; it aired on 26 December 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Together they had two children, a daughter and a son: Imogen Lloyd Webber ("
},
{
"section_header": "Shows",
"text": "Note: Music composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber unless otherwise noted."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | 2010s",
"text": "On 19 January 2015 auditions opened for children aged nine to fifteen in cooperation with the School of Rock music education program, which predated the film by several years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1992 he set up the Andrew Lloyd Webber Foundation which supports the arts, culture and heritage in the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | 1980s",
"text": "Is Your Life in November 1980 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews in the foyer of Thames Television's Euston Road Studios in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | 2000s",
"text": "Viewers' telephone voting during the series raised more than £500,000 for the BBC's annual Children in Need charity appeal, according to host Graham Norton on air during the final."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre."
}
] |
Andrew Lloyd-Webber has 3 children from his wives.
| 0 | 0 |
Andrew Lloyd-Webber
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Film career",
"text": "Soon she received the first of her Oscar nominations for Edward, My Son, a 1949 drama set in England that co-starred Spencer Tracy."
}
] |
5RUbf0WSVJGnmjKTWX9K
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Academy Awards She is tied with Thelma Ritter and Amy Adams as the actresses with the second most nominations without winning, surpassed only by Glenn Close, who has been nominated seven times without winning."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "British Academy Film Awards Primetime Emmy Awards"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kerr was nominated six times for the Academy Award for Best Actress, and holds the record for an actress most nominated in the lead actress category without winning."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Golden Globe Awards NYFCC Awards"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Television",
"text": "For this performance, Kerr was nominated for an Emmy Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "A Life in Movies. Heinemann, 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "Although she never won a BAFTA, Oscar or Cannes Film Festival award in a competitive category, all three organisations gave Kerr honorary awards: a Cannes Film Festival Tribute in 1984; a BAFTA Special Award in 1991; and an Academy Honorary Award in 1994.In September and October 2010, Josephine Botting of the British Film Institute curated the \"Deborah Kerr Season\", which included around twenty of her feature films and an exhibition of posters, memorabilia and personal items loaned by her family."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "At the time of Viertel's death, director Michael Scheingraber was filming the documentary Peter Viertel: Between the Lines, which includes reminiscences concerning Kerr and the Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr. Deborah Kerr. A Biography. McFarland, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr: Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author, (c) Penelope Andrew, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film career",
"text": "Soon she received the first of her Oscar nominations for Edward, My Son, a 1949 drama set in England that co-starred Spencer Tracy."
}
] |
Deborah Kerr was nominated for an Academy Award for her work in a movie about sad English people.
| 0 | 0 |
Deborah Kerr
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural teen drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith."
}
] |
5S7DbaakrJqSHjRH1fbS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The concepts and characters developed in the series served to launch a media franchise that includes other television series, web series, novels and comic books."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural teen drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-in material",
"text": "On October 31, 2013, DC Comics launched a comic book series based on the TV show."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The television series The Originals, which also aired on The CW, was the first major entry in this collection of connected works."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-off",
"text": "On April 26, 2013, The CW announced that The Originals had been ordered to the series premiere in the 2013–14 television season."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "\"Rank\" refers to how The Vampire Diaries rated compared to the other television series, which aired during prime time hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview",
"text": "The brothers' history and the town's mythology are revealed through flashbacks as the series goes on."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview",
"text": "The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, a town charged with supernatural history since its settlement of migrants from New England in the late 18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "However, at the urging of Julie Plec, he began to read the books."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-off",
"text": "The series concluded on December 8, 2014."
}
] |
This television series was adapted into a series of books.
| 1 | 3 |
The Vampire Diaries
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Design | Roof",
"text": "AMB Group senior executive Mike Egan went as far as describing Mercedes-Benz Stadium as \"an outdoor stadium with a roof over it\" due to these characteristics, but that other factors such as humidity and outside temperatures would be taken into consideration on whether or not the roof would be opened."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States."
}
] |
5SYi7Y8YNcatJLHPPiJo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Planning",
"text": "The proposed location of the new stadium is a large parking lot in Atlanta's Vine City neighborhood, which is less than a mile north of the Georgia Dome's current location."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning",
"text": "Stadium location, however, is yet to be worked out; proposed locations being reported are within walking distance of the Georgia Dome, with one site located one-half mile north, and the other one block directly south, at the one of the stadium's existing parking lots."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Additional construction and renovations",
"text": "Hoping to address concerns of overcrowding at the ingress and egress areas of the stadium, stadium officials announced that they plan to add several more doors to the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Major events | NFL",
"text": "On May 19, 2015, Mercedes-Benz Stadium was awarded Super Bowl LIII in 2019, marking Atlanta's first time hosting the game since Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Additional construction and renovations",
"text": "Fans attending the College Football National Championship game reported significant delays in both entering and exiting the stadium, with some reporting wait times that exceeded 45 minutes to get out of the stadium at the completion of the game."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "A train horn blares after every Falcons and United score and win – a nod to Atlanta's railroad history."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Retractable roof",
"text": "They also stated that the issues were common for newly constructed stadiums with retractable roofs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Retractable roof",
"text": "Stadium officials stated that the roof would be open for 10 days, regardless of weather, to complete work on automating the roof."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Roof",
"text": "AMB Group senior executive Mike Egan went as far as describing Mercedes-Benz Stadium as \"an outdoor stadium with a roof over it\" due to these characteristics, but that other factors such as humidity and outside temperatures would be taken into consideration on whether or not the roof would be opened."
}
] |
Mercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose out door stadium with a partial roof located in Atlanta's wine country.
| 0 | 0 |
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Proponents of the project gradually wore down opponents; its construction began in 1817."
}
] |
5ShIFFYDmI8H14h4dfyB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Proponents of the project gradually wore down opponents; its construction began in 1817."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The middle section from Utica to Salina (Syracuse) was completed in 1820, and traffic on that section started up immediately."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "At that rate, the canal would not be finished for 30 years."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "There were some 42 commercial shipments on the canal in 2008, compared to 15 such shipments in 2007 and more than 33,000 shipments in 1855, the canal's peak year."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "In 1905, construction of the Barge Canal began, which was completed in 1918, at a cost of $96.7 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Route",
"text": "The canal system thus gave New York a competitive advantage, helped New York City develop as an international trade center, and allowed Buffalo to grow from just 200 settlers in 1820 to more than 18,000 people by 1840."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Proposals",
"text": "While in Canandaigua debtors' prison, Hawley began pressing for the construction of a canal along the 90-mile (140 km)-long Mohawk River valley with support from Joseph Ellicott (agent for the Holland Land Company in Batavia)."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The Erie Canal was thus completed in eight years at a cost of $7.143 million (equivalent to $114,000,000 in 2019)."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Engineering requirements",
"text": "Locks at the time could handle up to 12 feet (3.7 m) of lift, so even with the heftiest cuttings and viaducts, fifty locks would be required along the 360-mile (580 km) canal."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Engineering requirements",
"text": "There was much opposition, and the project was ridiculed as \"Clinton's folly\" and \"Clinton's ditch.\" In 1817, though, Clinton received approval from the legislature for $7 million for construction."
}
] |
The construction of the canal began in 1820, more than fifty years after the project was proposed.
| 2 | 6 |
Erie Canal
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Applications | Dietary supplement | Weight gain",
"text": "At least 15 clinical trials have shown that zinc improved weight gain in anorexia."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Dietary supplement | Weight gain",
"text": "A meta-analysis of 33 prospective intervention trials regarding zinc supplementation and its effects on the growth of children in many countries showed that zinc supplementation alone had a statistically significant effect on linear growth and body weight gain, indicating that other deficiencies that may have been present were not responsible for growth retardation."
}
] |
5Sqbwu3Xlzd95csyNXft
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Applications | Dietary supplement",
"text": "Although zinc sulfate is a commonly used zinc form, zinc citrate, gluconate and picolinate may be valid options as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Dietary supplement",
"text": "In most single-tablet, over-the-counter, daily vitamin and mineral supplements, zinc is included in such forms as zinc oxide, zinc acetate, or zinc gluconate."
},
{
"section_header": "Biological role | Deficiency",
"text": "Groups at risk include children in developing countries and elderly with chronic illnesses."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Dietary supplement | Weight gain",
"text": "A meta-analysis of 33 prospective intervention trials regarding zinc supplementation and its effects on the growth of children in many countries showed that zinc supplementation alone had a statistically significant effect on linear growth and body weight gain, indicating that other deficiencies that may have been present were not responsible for growth retardation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early studies and naming",
"text": "The name of the metal was probably first documented by Paracelsus, a Swiss-born German alchemist, who referred to the metal as \"zincum\" or \"zinken\" in his book Liber Mineralium II, in the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Dietary supplement | Gastroenteritis",
"text": "Zinc is an inexpensive and effective part of treatment of diarrhea among children in the developing world."
},
{
"section_header": "Biological role | Nutrition | Dietary intake",
"text": "Other sources include fortified food and dietary supplements in various forms."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Topical use",
"text": "Topical preparations of zinc include those used on the skin, often in the form of zinc oxide."
},
{
"section_header": "Biological role | Deficiency",
"text": "Zinc supplements help prevent disease and reduce mortality, especially among children with low birth weight or stunted growth."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Other industrial uses",
"text": "This produces zinc sulfide, together with large amounts of hot gas, heat, and light."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Dietary supplement | Weight gain",
"text": "At least 15 clinical trials have shown that zinc improved weight gain in anorexia."
}
] |
The use of zinc supplement as a bulimia cure for children has been well documented in multiple studies including a large meta-analysis.
| 1 | 2 |
Zinc
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "In physics, Euclidean vectors are used to represent physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction, but are not located at a specific place, in contrast to scalars, which have no direction."
}
] |
5Sxxa0Ut1RVxEERPn9K0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Tuples that are not really vectors",
"text": "Similarly, some physical phenomena involve a direction and a magnitude."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "A Euclidean vector, is thus an entity endowed with a magnitude (the length of the line segment (A, B)) and a direction (the direction from A to B)."
},
{
"section_header": "Tuples that are not really vectors",
"text": "Rotation vector, a Euclidean vector whose direction is that of the axis of a rotation and magnitude is the angle of the rotation."
},
{
"section_header": "Tuples that are not really vectors",
"text": "Burgers vector, a vector that represents the magnitude and direction of the lattice distortion of dislocation in a crystal lattice"
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "In physics, Euclidean vectors are used to represent physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction, but are not located at a specific place, in contrast to scalars, which have no direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in specific vector spaces",
"text": "In a Euclidean space the gradient gives the magnitude and direction of maximum increase of a scalar field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Specifically, in a Euclidean space, one considers spatial vectors, also called Euclidean vectors which are used to represent quantities that have both magnitude and direction, and may be added and scaled (that is multiplied by a real number) for forming a vector space."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in specific vector spaces",
"text": "Column vector, a matrix with only one column."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in specific vector spaces",
"text": "Row vector, a matrix with only one row."
},
{
"section_header": "Tuples that are not really vectors",
"text": "Probability vector, in statistics, a vector with non-negative entries that sum to one."
}
] |
Some special Vectors have only one of direction or magnitude.
| 0 | 0 |
Vector (mathematics and physics)
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He attended Reed College in 1972 before dropping out that same year, and traveled through India in 1974 seeking enlightenment and studying Zen Buddhism."
}
] |
5T4Osx51KQIvGGvd2xCM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He attended Reed College in 1972 before dropping out that same year, and traveled through India in 1974 seeking enlightenment and studying Zen Buddhism."
},
{
"section_header": "1985–1997 | Pixar and Disney",
"text": "Pixar would seek a new partner to distribute its films after its contract expired."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead High",
"text": "This experience led him to study in nearby Stanford University's student union."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "She was twenty-three and she went through a lot to have me."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Pre-Apple",
"text": "In mid-1975, after returning to Atari, Jobs was assigned to create a circuit board for the arcade video game Breakout."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Pre-Apple",
"text": "Jobs and Wozniak attended meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club in 1975, which was a stepping stone to the development and marketing of the first Apple computer."
},
{
"section_header": "Innovations and designs",
"text": "In India, he experienced Buddhism while on his seven-month spiritual journey, and his sense of intuition was influenced by the spiritual people with whom he studied."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Pre-Apple",
"text": "Jobs traveled to India in mid-1974 to visit Neem Karoli Baba at his Kainchi ashram with his Reed friend (and eventual Apple employee) Daniel Kottke, in search of spiritual enlightenment."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Pre-Apple",
"text": "During this time period, Jobs and Brennan both became practitioners of Zen Buddhism through the Zen master Kōbun Chino Otogawa."
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems",
"text": "However, cancer researcher and alternative medicine critic David Gorski wrote that \"it's impossible to know whether and by how much he might have decreased his chances of surviving his cancer through his flirtation with woo."
}
] |
He tarveled through Pakistan in 1975 seeking for enlightenment and studying Islam.
| 1 | 6 |
Steve Jobs
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production and development | Casting",
"text": "At the conclusion of the third season, Walsh departed the show to pursue the Grey's Anatomy spin-off, Private Practice, but continues to make guest appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs, etc. | Private Practice",
"text": "On February 21, 2007, The Wall Street Journal reported that ABC was pursuing a spin-off medical drama television series for Grey's Anatomy featuring Walsh's character, Addison Montgomery."
}
] |
5US6LpGVpmkiZem6DQZO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs, etc. | Private Practice | Crossovers",
"text": "Grey's Anatomy had five crossover storylines with Private Practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs, etc. | Private Practice",
"text": "On February 21, 2007, The Wall Street Journal reported that ABC was pursuing a spin-off medical drama television series for Grey's Anatomy featuring Walsh's character, Addison Montgomery."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs, etc. | Private Practice | Crossovers",
"text": "After Private Practice ended, Amelia Sheppard appeared even more frequently on Grey's Anatomy."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs, etc. | Private Practice | Crossovers",
"text": "\"In Which We Meet Addison, a Nice Girl From Somewhere Else\", the series premiere, starts with Addison and Richard talking about her resignation at Seattle Grace Hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs, etc. | Private Practice",
"text": "The drama was titled Private Practice, and its premiere episode followed the second part of the season debut of Dancing with the Stars, and provided a lead-in to fellow freshman series Dirty Sexy Money."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development | Casting",
"text": "Dr. Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh) also joined the show in season two, after making a guest appearance in season one."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development | Casting",
"text": "At the conclusion of the third season, Walsh departed the show to pursue the Grey's Anatomy spin-off, Private Practice, but continues to make guest appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Addison Montgomery was deemed \"sassy and bright and interesting.\""
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs, etc. | Private Practice",
"text": "Pushing Daisies, a third new series for the evening, rounded out the lineup as a lead-in to Private Practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Justin Chambers left the show during this season."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development | Casting",
"text": "At the conclusion of the third season, Walsh departed the show to pursue the Grey's Anatomy spin-off, Private Practice, but continues to make guest appearances."
}
] |
Private Practice is a spinoff of Grey's Anatomy starring Addison Montgomery, who had left the show by the start of the fourth season.
| 5 | 10 |
Grey's Anatomy
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017."
}
] |
5VA1QV2WW3KU8YHR2ZAg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "On December 4, 2016, it was announced Selig was elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame Class of 2017.In 2016, Selig was honored with the \"Lombardi Award of Excellence\" from the Vince Lombardi Cancer Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "Selig was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | Changes to the MLB All-Star Game",
"text": "The 2002 All-Star Game, played in Selig's hometown of Milwaukee, was tied 7–7 after nine innings, and remained tied after the bottom of the 11th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | Changes to the MLB All-Star Game",
"text": "Due to the recent managerial trend of granting playing time to as many available players as possible within the regulation nine innings, both managers had used their entire roster."
},
{
"section_header": "Teaching",
"text": "Prof. Sean Dinces has held the Chair since 2013.In February 2016, Selig joined the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State University."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | Changes to the MLB All-Star Game",
"text": "Selig subsequently tried to reinvigorate the All-Star Game by awarding the winning league home-field advantage in the World Series; that practice was initiated in 2003 and continued through 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Israel Baseball League",
"text": "Selig and his family served a supportive role on the Advisory Board of the Israel Baseball League during its inaugural season in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "During Selig's tenure as club president, the Brewers participated in postseason play in 1981, when the team finished first in the American League East during the second half of the season, and in 1982, when the team made it to the World Series, under the leadership of future Hall of Famers Robin Yount and Paul Molitor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Previously, he served as the ninth Commissioner of Baseball."
}
] |
He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2016.
| 2 | 3 |
Bud Selig
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Inc. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes."
}
] |
5VOUZalwxJoK4BVfkwvZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Impact | Science",
"text": "Another study found that most of health science students acquired academic materials from others through Facebook."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Membership was expanded to Columbia, Stanford, and Yale before being expanded to the rest of the Ivy League, MIT, and higher education institutions in the Boston area, then various other universities, and lastly high school students."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Inc. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The founders initially limited Facebook membership to Harvard students."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact | Emotional health",
"text": "A joint study by two German universities discovered that one out of three people were more dissatisfied with their lives after visiting Facebook, and another study by Utah Valley University found that college students felt worse about themselves following an increase in time on Facebook."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2003–2006: Thefacebook, Thiel investment, and name change",
"text": "It then became available to all Ivy League colleges, Boston University, New York University, MIT, and successively most universities in the United States and Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2003–2006: Thefacebook, Thiel investment, and name change",
"text": "A \"face book\" is a student directory featuring photos and personal information."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The name comes from the face book directories often given to American university students."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms and controversies | Privacy",
"text": "The phone numbers of at least 200 million Facebook users were found to be exposed on an open online database in September 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms and controversies | Political manipulation",
"text": "In 2020, Facebook helped found American Edge, an anti-regulation lobbying firm to fight anti-trust probes."
}
] |
The website Facebook was founded while a student was at MIT.
| 0 | 0 |
Facebook
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Breaking into theatre (1928–1932)",
"text": "She was criticized for her shrill voice, and so left Baltimore to study with a voice tutor in New York City."
}
] |
5VaQVAPjysPwFCaAqH2W
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Film, television, and theatre (1971–1983)",
"text": "It received positive reviews and high ratings, and earned Hepburn her only Emmy Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Slowing in the 1940s (1942–1949)",
"text": "Critics were unenthusiastic about the production, but with Hepburn's popularity at a high, it ran for 16 sold-out weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Success in later years (1963–1970)",
"text": "The actress took vocal lessons six times a week in preparation for the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film, television, and theatre (1971–1983)",
"text": "The movie was poorly received, but the Kansas City Film Critics Circle named Hepburn's performance the best from an actress that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Professional expansion (1950–1952)",
"text": "Reviews for Hepburn varied, but she was noted as the only leading lady in Hollywood who was performing high-caliber material onstage."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Focus on television (1984–1994)",
"text": "The majority of Hepburn's roles from this point were in television movies, which did not receive the critical praise of her earlier work in the medium, but remained popular with audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "The building includes a performance space and a Katharine Hepburn museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Professional expansion (1950–1952)",
"text": "\" Hepburn was under pressure to perform several sports to a high standard, many of which did not end up in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Hollywood success (1932–1934)",
"text": "The picture was a success and Hepburn received positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Spinsters and Shakespeare (1953–1962)",
"text": "It was a critical and commercial failure, and Hepburn considered it the worst film on her resume."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Breaking into theatre (1928–1932)",
"text": "She was criticized for her shrill voice, and so left Baltimore to study with a voice tutor in New York City."
}
] |
Katharine Hepburn received criticism for high pitched vocals.
| 2 | 3 |
Katharine Hepburn
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an estimated 96.2 million inhabitants as of 2019, it is the 15th most populous country in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | First Indochina War",
"text": "The Việt Minh sought independence for Vietnam from France and the end of the Japanese occupation."
}
] |
5Vv7ISexifEritKlyUq1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environment",
"text": "In 2012, approximately 50 years after the war, the US began a US$43 million joint clean-up project in the former chemical storage areas in Vietnam to take place in stages."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Vietnam is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, with 55% of its population living in low-elevation coastal areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an estimated 96.2 million inhabitants as of 2019, it is the 15th most populous country in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The traditional focuses of Vietnamese culture are based on humanity (nhân nghĩa) and harmony (hòa) in which family and community values are highly regarded."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environment",
"text": "In 2000, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) called Education for Nature – Vietnam was founded to instill in the population the importance of wildlife conservation in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "With improved relations with Western countries and recent reforms in Vietnamese administration, English has been increasingly used as a second language and the study of English is now obligatory in most schools either alongside or in place of French."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "The national language of the country is Vietnamese (tiếng Việt), a tonal Austroasiatic language (Mon–Khmer), which is spoken by the majority of the population."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Black pepper is frequently used in place of chillis to produce spicy flavours."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The population had grown significantly from the 1979 census, which showed the total population of reunified Vietnam to be 52.7 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Vietnam War",
"text": "This program incarcerated many non-communists, although it was also successful at curtailing communist activity in the country, if only for a time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | First Indochina War",
"text": "The Việt Minh sought independence for Vietnam from France and the end of the Japanese occupation."
}
] |
Vietnam is a highly populated place and was at war with an European country.
| 0 | 1 |
Vietnam
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail, but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix expanded its business in 2007 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business."
}
] |
5WEiJ7CtZPzjSgQfMdgM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content | Original programming",
"text": "The company has started internally self-producing its original content, such as The Ranch and Chelsea, through its Netflix Studios production house."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "In the United States, the company provides a monthly flat-fee for DVD and Blu-ray rentals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, the company produces and distributes content from countries all over the globe."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership",
"text": "As of 2017, Netflix shares were mainly held by institutional investors, including Capital Group Companies, The Vanguard Group, BlackRock and others."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Membership fee, Blockbuster acquisition offer, growth start",
"text": "Randolph, a dominant producer and board member for Netflix, retired from the company in 2004.Netflix was sued in 2004 for false advertising in relation to claims of \"unlimited rentals\" with \"one-day delivery\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "By 2016, Netflix had quietly rebranded its DVD-by-mail service under the name DVD.com, A Netflix Company."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rebranding and wider international expansion",
"text": "\"On August 7, 2017, Netflix acquired Millarworld, the creator-owned publishing company of comic book writer Mark Millar."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rebranding and wider international expansion",
"text": "On January 22, 2018, the company crossed $100 billion in market capitalization, becoming the largest digital media and entertainment company in the world, bigger than every traditional media company except for AT&T, Comcast and Disney and the 59th largest publicly traded company in the US S&P 500 Index."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Film and television deals | Producers and distributors",
"text": "Listed companies may still or may not have licensing agreements with Netflix in other territories."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Original programming",
"text": "This led to widespread criticism of the streaming company for giving Paltrow a platform to promote her company, which has been criticized for making unsubstantiated claims about the effectiveness of the health treatments and products it promotes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail, but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix expanded its business in 2007 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business."
}
] |
The company Netflix started as a disc rental company before mainly becoming a streaming company that also produces its own content.
| 0 | 0 |
Netflix
|
NOCAT
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the first pope in several centuries to rigorously enforce the Western Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the clergy and also attacked the practice of simony."
}
] |
5WEmaef0EFcxuC2Y6qYs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "In the same year Gregory VII summoned a council in the Lateran palace, which condemned simony and confirmed celibacy for the Church's clergy."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "This battle for the foundation of papal supremacy is connected with his championship of compulsory celibacy among the clergy and his attack on simony."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "Many of the charges brought may have been expressions of personal dislike, liable to suspicion from the very fact that they were not raised to attack his promotion until several years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Later excommunications of Henry IV",
"text": "the papal censure now proved a very different thing from the one four years before."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII was one of the few popes elected by acclamation."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "Gregory VII did not introduce the celibacy of the priesthood into the Church, but he took up the struggle with greater energy than his predecessors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the first pope in several centuries to rigorously enforce the Western Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the clergy and also attacked the practice of simony."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII was critical in promoting and regulating the concept of modern university as his 1079 Papal Decree ordered the regulated establishment of cathedral schools that transformed themselves into the first European universities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hailed as one of the greatest of the Roman pontiffs after his reforms proved successful, Gregory VII was, during his own reign, despised by some for his expansive use of papal powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Vestments",
"text": "Instead, writes Bagliani, the first document that mentions the Pope's white cassock dates from Gregory X in 1274."
}
] |
Gregory VII was one of the very last Pope's to promote celibacy for the clergy and look down upon the selling of offices and rolls.
| 3 | 10 |
Pope Gregory VII
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McDormand and Rockwell each won an Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, BAFTA Award, and SAG Award for Best Lead Actress and Best Supporting Actor, respectively."
}
] |
5WF3gQU6M7AO7FEVH3zp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "This incident, combined with his desire to create strong female characters, inspired him to write the story for Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri premiered in competition at the 74th Venice International Film Festival on September 4, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri grossed $54.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $104.7 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $159.2 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 black comedy drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a Missouri woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In The Daily Beast, blogger Ira Madison III called the treatment of Rockwell's character \"altogether offensive... McDonagh's attempts to script the black experience in America are often fumbling and backward and full of outdated tropes.\" Alyssa Rosenberg noted in The Washington Post that \"[Dixon's] redemption doesn't merely defang his previous venomous bigotry; it softens Mildred's character development.\" At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri won for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress – Drama (McDormand),"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the (fictional) town of Ebbing, Missouri, Mildred Hayes is grieving over the rape and murder of her teenage daughter, Angela, several months earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Outside Bristol city centre in England on February 3, 2018, a mural was erected depicting three billboards reading 'Our NHS is dying', 'And still no more funding', and 'How come, Mrs May'."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It was nominated for four awards at the 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards, winning three, including Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "On February 22, 2018, the Union of Medical Care and Relief Organizations, protesting the inaction of the UN's role within the Syrian Civil War, set up three billboards outside the United Nations building in New York that read '500,000 Dead in Syria', 'And still no action?', and 'How come, Security Council'."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McDormand and Rockwell each won an Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, BAFTA Award, and SAG Award for Best Lead Actress and Best Supporting Actor, respectively."
}
] |
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a was honored with various awards.
| 2 | 6 |
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" is a poem written by the English Romantic poet John Keats in May 1819, first published anonymously in Annals of the Fine Arts for 1819 (see 1820 in poetry)."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | 'Beauty is truth' debate",
"text": "The 20th century marked the beginning of a critical dispute over the final lines of the poem and their relationship to the beauty of the whole work."
}
] |
5WURSTTfkZB95BWq5lna
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical response | 'Beauty is truth' debate",
"text": "\" The debate expanded when I. A. Richards, an English literary critic who analysed Keats's poems in 1929, relied on the final lines of the \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" to discuss \"pseudo-statements\" in poetry: On the one hand there are very many people who, if they read any poetry at all, try to take all its statements seriously – and find them silly ... This may seem an absurd mistake but, alas!"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "While the five poems display a unity in stanza forms and themes, the unity fails to provide clear evidence of the order in which they were composed."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | 'Beauty is truth' debate",
"text": "offers solace but is finally no more convincing than the experience it describes is durable.\" Rick Rylance picked up the debate again in 1990 and explained that the true meaning of the final lines cannot be discerned merely by studying the language."
},
{
"section_header": "Poem",
"text": "The questions are unanswered because there is no one who can ever know the true answers, as the locations are not real."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The word \"ode\" itself is of Greek origin, meaning \"sung\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | 'Beauty is truth' debate",
"text": "And I am sure that he would have repudiated any explanation of the line which called it a pseudo-statement ... The statement of Keats seems to me meaningless: or perhaps the fact that it is grammatically meaningless conceals another meaning from me."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Later responses",
"text": "[...] he has said more than he meant—or wished to mean.\" In 1933, M. R. Ridley described the poem as a \"tense ethereal beauty\" with a \"touch of didacticism that weakens the urgency\" of the statements."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | 'Beauty is truth' debate",
"text": "Earl Wasserman, in 1953, continued the discussion over the final lines and claimed, \"the more we tug at the final lines of the ode, the more the noose of their meaning strangles our comprehension of the poem ... The aphorism is all the more beguiling because it appears near the end of the poem, for its apparently climactic position has generally led to the assumption that it is the abstract summation of the poem ... But the ode is not an abstract statement or an excursion into philosophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem is one of the \"Great Odes of 1819\", which also include \"Ode on Indolence\", \"Ode on Melancholy\", \"Ode to a Nightingale\", and \"Ode to Psyche\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "His language has been formed on a false system; but, ere he died, was clarifying itself from its more glaring faults, and becoming copious clear, and select."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" is a poem written by the English Romantic poet John Keats in May 1819, first published anonymously in Annals of the Fine Arts for 1819 (see 1820 in poetry)."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | 'Beauty is truth' debate",
"text": "The 20th century marked the beginning of a critical dispute over the final lines of the poem and their relationship to the beauty of the whole work."
}
] |
The poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn" has a clear meaning that is not debated.
| 0 | 0 |
Ode on a Grecian Urn
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Encouraged by her father to go to college before embarking on an acting career, Alexander attended Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York, where she concentrated on theater, but also studied mathematics with an eye toward computer programming, in the event that she failed as an actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
}
] |
5Wla85aO3Zq8PAZh1cJF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She graduated from Beaver Country Day School, an all-girls school in Chestnut Hill outside of Boston, where she discovered her love of acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Between the two, they have four children, Alexander's son Jace and Sherin's three sons, Tony, Geoffrey, and Jon."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Encouraged by her father to go to college before embarking on an acting career, Alexander attended Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York, where she concentrated on theater, but also studied mathematics with an eye toward computer programming, in the event that she failed as an actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander's major break in acting came in 1967 when she played Eleanor Backman in the original production of Howard Sackler's The Great White Hope at Arena Stage in Washington, DC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Alexander (born October 28, 1939) is an American author, actress, and former director of the National Endowment for the Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has won two Emmys for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for Playing for Time (1980) and Warm Springs (2005)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander also played the protagonist, Dr. May Foster, in the HBO drama series Tell Me You Love Me."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The experience solidified her determination to continue acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander's other television films include Arthur Miller's Playing for Time, co-starring Vanessa Redgrave, for which Alexander won another Emmy Award; Malice in Wonderland (as famed gossip-monger Hedda Hopper); Blood & Orchids; and In Love and War (1987) co-starring James Woods, which tells the story of James and Sybil Stockdale during Stockdale's eight years as a US prisoner of war in Vietnam."
}
] |
Jane Alexander's father, Tony, supported her love for acting over education.
| 0 | 0 |
Jane Alexander
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It marked the end of the religious wars that had afflicted France during the second half of the 16th century."
}
] |
5WqTRG6Rqz7GlpYT7lUs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Edict of Nantes (French: édit de Nantes), signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "The Edict",
"text": "The Archives Nationales in Paris preserves only the text of a shorter document modified by concessions extracted from the King by the clergy and the Parlement of Paris, which delayed ten months before finally signing and setting seals to the document in 1599."
},
{
"section_header": "The Edict",
"text": "The Edict of Nantes that Henry IV signed comprised four basic texts, including a principal text made up of 92 articles and largely based on unsuccessful peace treaties signed during the recent wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It marked the end of the religious wars that had afflicted France during the second half of the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The later Edict of Fontainebleau, which revoked the Edict of Nantes in October 1685, was promulgated by Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Henry IV also had personal reasons for supporting the Edict."
},
{
"section_header": "Revocation",
"text": "This edict was enacted by parlement two months later, less than two years before the end of the Ancien Régime and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789 would fully eliminate religious discrimination in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Revocation",
"text": "In October 1685, Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV, renounced the Edict and declared Protestantism illegal with the Edict of Fontainebleau."
},
{
"section_header": "Revocation",
"text": "The Edict remained unaltered in effect, registered by the parliaments as \"fundamental and irrevocable law,\" with the exception of the brevets, which had been granted for a period of eight years, and were renewed by Henry in 1606 and in 1611 by Marie de Médecis, who confirmed the Edict within a week of the assassination of Henry, stilling Protestant fears of another St. Bartholomew's Day massacre."
},
{
"section_header": "Revocation",
"text": "This act, commonly called the 'revocation of the Edict of Nantes,' had very damaging results for France."
}
] |
The Edict of Nantes was a document sign into law by King Henry IV in an attempt to end to the religiously fueled battles in France.
| 1 | 3 |
Edict of Nantes
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lemon's father, Earl Lemon, ran an ice business."
}
] |
5XlmRXxfQ1mcxQUv4yIt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bob Lemon was born in San Bernardino, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second World Series appearance",
"text": "Lemon pitched 3.1 innings over the span of two games before he was put on the Indians' disabled list and sent to the Triple-A San Diego Padres."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lemon was raised in California where he played high school baseball and was the state player of the year in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second World Series appearance",
"text": "Bob will be all right\", Lopez said."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Former teammate Bob Feller said, \"Bob had a good curve, a good slider, and a vicious sinker pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Making it as a utility player",
"text": "On April 30, Indians pitcher Bob Feller no-hit the New York Yankees; Feller later wrote that Lemon's \"daring catch\" and \"throwing to and doubling a man off second base\" were key in \"saving my\" no-hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second World Series appearance",
"text": "After nine innings, the Indians and Giants were tied 2–2."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Managing | Chicago White Sox",
"text": "\"Bob is the type of manager we need at this stage of the game\", Veeck said."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Full-time pitcher to World Series champion",
"text": "Lemon was the Indians' number-two pitcher in the starting rotation, behind Bob Feller."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Managing | Chicago White Sox",
"text": "Lemon's made it a serious operation."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lemon's father, Earl Lemon, ran an ice business."
}
] |
Bob Lemon's dad was a police officer with the San Bernardino policy department in 1938.
| 1 | 6 |
Bob Lemon
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Martin Francis O'Day (July 8, 1859 – July 2, 1935), nicknamed \"The Reverend\", was an American right-handed pitcher and later an umpire and manager in Major League Baseball."
}
] |
5Y3Rcqhw80kLYdZ7zywT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career | Merkle's Boner",
"text": "I said he did not. Then Emslie called Merkle out, and I would not allow McCormick's Run to score."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career | Merkle's Boner",
"text": "During a mid-season game between Chicago and Pittsburgh, Cubs second baseman Johnny Evers tried to call O'Day's attention to the fact that a Pittsburgh player had not made it to second base on the game-winning play."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to umpiring",
"text": "O'Day called balls and strikes for no-hitters in four decades, a distinction that has been matched only by Harry Wendelstedt; he was behind the plate when Ted Breitenstein (April 22, 1898), Johnny Lush (May 1, 1906), Hod Eller (May 11, 1919) and Jesse Haines (July 17, 1924) each accomplished the feat. O'Day served for many years on the major league rules committee, and became known for its many heated debates over rule changes and applications."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "O'Day was buried in Calvary Cemetery in Evanston, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "O'Day did not report for his scheduled game at the Polo Grounds that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "O'Day was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in July 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "At various points throughout his career, O'Day played all nine positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "When Pulliam did not withdraw the fine, O'Day submitted his resignation on July 31."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to umpiring",
"text": "Only Bill Klem, whose hiring was recommended by O'Day, worked more."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "O'Day became an umpiring scout after he retired from active umpiring in 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Martin Francis O'Day (July 8, 1859 – July 2, 1935), nicknamed \"The Reverend\", was an American right-handed pitcher and later an umpire and manager in Major League Baseball."
}
] |
Hank O'Day was called "The Reverend"
| 0 | 0 |
Hank O'Day
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Andre Nolan Dawson (born July 10, 1954), nicknamed \"The Hawk\" and \"Awesome Dawson\", is an American former professional baseball player and inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame."
}
] |
5YZ0bOW5wRCKxqXyq3UI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Late and post career",
"text": "Dawson played his last two years with the Florida Marlins, where he played sparingly, retiring after the 1996 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "Dawson played 1,443 games with the Expos, fourth highest in franchise history."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Dawson played five more seasons with the Cubs, and was one of the franchise's most popular players during that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Late and post career",
"text": "\"Dawson would have knee surgery the following year as well, and only managed to play 75 games in his second and final season with Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "Dawson, playing primarily center field for the Expos, also became an excellent defensive player, gaining his first of eight Gold Glove Awards in 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "While Dawson played only six years with the Cubs, five of his eight All-Star appearances were as a Cub, and his only MVP award came in his first year with the team in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "The major impediments to Dawson's election to the Hall of Fame had been his ordinary career .323 on-base percentage, his statistics being diminished in stature by sluggers who played after him in the steroid era, and never playing in a World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "Although Dawson had played the majority of his 21-year career with Montreal, he publicly expressed his disappointment with the decision, saying it was \"a little gut-wrenching\" to find out he would not go in as a Chicago Cub."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "He played in 24 major league games in 1976 after making his debut on September 11."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dawson was a center fielder until knee problems – worsened by the artificial surface at Olympic Stadium – forced his shift to right field, followed by his move to a team which played on grass."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Andre Nolan Dawson (born July 10, 1954), nicknamed \"The Hawk\" and \"Awesome Dawson\", is an American former professional baseball player and inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame."
}
] |
Dawson played for the Patriots.
| 0 | 0 |
Andre Dawson
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Remains",
"text": "Due to its destruction after 1789, very little remains of the Bastille in the 21st century."
}
] |
5YbPsBUhFJjDXmUm3byC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Architecture and organisation",
"text": "The Marais was a fashionable area, frequented by foreign visitors and tourists, but few went beyond the Bastille into the faubourg."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "One of these experts was Pierre-François Palloy, a bourgeois entrepreneur who claimed vainqueur status for his role during the taking of the Bastille, and he rapidly assumed control over the entire process."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Use of the prison",
"text": "One trend was a decline in the number of prisoners sent to the Bastille, with 1,194 imprisoned there during the reign of Louis XV and only 306 under Louis XVI up until the Revolution, annual averages of around 23 and 20 respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "The former prison warders escorted visitors around the Bastille in the weeks after its capture, giving colourful accounts of the events in the castle."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 14th century",
"text": "Built to the same height, the roofs of the towers and the tops of the walls formed a broad, crenellated walkway all the way around the fortress."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "Only seven prisoners remained in the fortress, - the Marquis de Sade had been transferred to the asylum of Charenton, after addressing the public from his walks on top of the towers and, once this was forbidden, shouting from the window of his cell."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Use of the prison",
"text": "By Louis XVI, the background of those entering the Bastille and the type of offences they were detained over had changed markedly."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th–20th century political and cultural legacy",
"text": "The storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, had been celebrated annually since 1790, initially through quasi-religious rituals, and then later during the Revolution with grand, secular events including the burning of replica Bastilles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reign of Louis XIV and the Regency (1661–1723)",
"text": "It continued to be an expensive institution to run, particularly when the prison was full, such as during 1691 when numbers were inflated by the campaign against French Protestants and the annual cost of running the Bastille rose to 232,818 livres."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "In the coming months, over 150 broadside publications used the storming of the Bastille as a theme, while the events formed the basis for a number of theatrical plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Remains",
"text": "Due to its destruction after 1789, very little remains of the Bastille in the 21st century."
}
] |
The Bastille is one of Paris's top tourist attractions, with over 1M visitors annually.
| 0 | 0 |
Bastille
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "Meanwhile, those who lived in the Spoon River region objected to their portrayal in the anthology, particularly as so many of the poems' characters were based on real people."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Many of the characters who make appearances in Spoon River Anthology were based on real people that Masters knew or heard of in the two towns in which he grew up, Petersburg and Lewistown, Illinois."
}
] |
5YxKpsxP4HYWegMytq5I
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the real Spoon River that ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "Meanwhile, those who lived in the Spoon River region objected to their portrayal in the anthology, particularly as so many of the poems' characters were based on real people."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1964-74, photographer Mario Giacomelli produced \"Omaggio a Spoon River,\" a series of abstract photographs inspired by Edgar Lee Master's collection of poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Many of the characters who make appearances in Spoon River Anthology were based on real people that Masters knew or heard of in the two towns in which he grew up, Petersburg and Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Since 2004, writer and songwriter Mariana Figueroa and artist and author Francisco Tomsich have worked on the Rio Cuchara project, a cycle of songs based on Spoon River Anthology poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "The first bound edition of Spoon River Anthology was published by The Macmillan Company in 1915 with a total of 209 poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Masters in particular credited Reedy with introducing him to the Greek Anthology, a collection of classical period epigrams, to which Spoon River Anthology is stylistically similar."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Songwriter Michael Peter Smith's song \"Spoon River\" is loosely based on Spoon River Anthology."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology was originally published in serial form in Reedy's Mirror from May 29, 1914 until January 5, 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "By the time Masters wrote the poems that would become Spoon River Anthology, he had already published some poetry, with some success; these prior poems, however, were more conventional in style and subject matter."
}
] |
Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a famous collection of short free verse poems with many of his characters based on persons known by the author.
| 0 | 0 |
Spoon River Anthology
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These effects also occur when a light wave travels through a medium with a varying refractive index, or when a sound wave travels through a medium with varying acoustic impedance – all waves diffract, including gravitational waves, water waves, and other electromagnetic waves such as X-rays and radio waves."
}
] |
5Zl9YPzPtgHVLaksHy7h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Examples",
"text": "The speckle pattern which is observed when laser light falls on an optically rough surface is also a diffraction phenomenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Speckle patterns",
"text": "The speckle pattern which is seen when using a laser pointer is another diffraction phenomenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word \"diffraction\" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Diffraction grating",
"text": "The light diffracted by a grating is found by summing the light diffracted from each of the elements, and is essentially a convolution of diffraction and interference patterns."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described by the Huygens–Fresnel principle that treats each point in a propagating wave-front as a collection of individual spherical wavelets."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Single-slit diffraction",
"text": "A long slit of infinitesimal width which is illuminated by light diffracts the light into a series of circular waves and the wavefront which emerges from the slit"
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Single-slit diffraction",
"text": "We can find the angle at which a first minimum is obtained in the diffracted light by the following reasoning."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Single-slit diffraction",
"text": "If the incident light is coherent, these sources all have the same phase."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Single-slit diffraction",
"text": "Light incident at a given point in the space downstream of the slit is made up of contributions from each of these point sources and if the relative phases of these contributions vary by 2π or more, we may expect to find minima and maxima in the diffracted light."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Single-slit diffraction",
"text": "The analysis of this system is simplified if we consider light of a single wavelength."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These effects also occur when a light wave travels through a medium with a varying refractive index, or when a sound wave travels through a medium with varying acoustic impedance – all waves diffract, including gravitational waves, water waves, and other electromagnetic waves such as X-rays and radio waves."
}
] |
Diffraction is a phenomenon unique to light.
| 0 | 2 |
Diffraction
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "The search for Amundsen and team was called off in September 1928 by the Norwegian government, and the bodies were never found."
}
] |
5acUS8y0UcKetVysaHCJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "British novelist Roald Dahl was named after Amundsen, as was Nobel Prize laureate Roald Hoffmann."
},
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | Northwest Passage",
"text": "He said he hoped to do more and signed it \" Your loyal subject, Roald Amundsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Roald was the fourth son in the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (UK: , US: ; 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions and a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "They found nothing from the Amundsen flight."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "The North-West Passage; Being the Record of a Voyage of Exploration of the Ship \"Gjöa\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "New York: E.P. Dutton and Co. 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "OCLC 971379351. South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the \"Fram\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "1912. 1912. OCLC 727260901. Nordost Passagen: Maudfaerden Langs Asiens Kyst 1918–1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "Kristiania: Gyldendal. Kristiania: Gyldendal. 1921. OCLC 576654047."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "The search for Amundsen and team was called off in September 1928 by the Norwegian government, and the bodies were never found."
}
] |
Roald Amundsen was buried in his hometown.
| 2 | 5 |
Roald Amundsen
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to most contemporary descriptions, the Colossus stood approximately 70 cubits, or 33 metres (108 feet) high—the approximate height of the modern Statue of Liberty from feet to crown—making it the tallest statue in the ancient world."
}
] |
5b5oQDzNXGs7dBAbMBvo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since 2008, a series of as-yet-unrealized proposals to build a new Colossus at Rhodes Harbour have been announced, although the actual location of the original monument remains in dispute."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Colossus projects",
"text": "In 2008, The Guardian reported that a modern Colossus was to be built at the harbour entrance by German artist Gert Hof leading a Cologne-based team."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "During the building, workers would pile mounds of earth on the sides of the colossus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to most contemporary descriptions, the Colossus stood approximately 70 cubits, or 33 metres (108 feet) high—the approximate height of the modern Statue of Liberty from feet to crown—making it the tallest statue in the ancient world."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Upper portions were built with the use of a large earthen ramp."
},
{
"section_header": "Siege of Rhodes",
"text": "To celebrate their victory, the Rhodians sold the equipment left behind for 300 talents and decided to use the money to build a colossal statue of their patron god, Helios."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Colossus projects",
"text": "In December 2015, a group of European architects announced plans to build a modern Colossus bestriding two piers at the harbour entrance, despite a preponderance of evidence and scholarly opinion that the original monument could not have stood there."
},
{
"section_header": "Destruction",
"text": "The statue stood for 54 years until Rhodes was hit by the 226 BC earthquake, when significant damage was also done to large portions of the city, including the harbour and commercial buildings, which were destroyed."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Much of the iron and bronze was reforged from the various weapons Demetrius's army left behind, and the abandoned second siege tower may have been used for scaffolding around the lower levels during construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In accordance with a certain oracle, the Rhodians did not build it again."
}
] |
The Colossus of Rhodes was the second tallest building when it was built.
| 0 | 0 |
Colossus of Rhodes
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunger Games trilogy has been sold into 56 territories in 51 languages to date."
}
] |
5bllSrX19A1lHILJUpvs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunger Games trilogy has been sold into 56 territories in 51 languages to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of 2014, the trilogy has sold more than 65 million copies in the U.S. alone (more than 28 million copies of The Hunger Games, more than 19 million copies of Catching Fire, and more than 18 million copies of Mockingjay)."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "The Hunger Games follows 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, a girl from District 12 who volunteers for the 74th Hunger Games in place of her younger sister Primrose Everdeen."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "The Hunger Games is the first book in the series and was released on September 14, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "Peeta confesses his longtime secret love for Katniss in a televised interview prior to the Games."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "During and after the Games, Katniss develops genuine feelings for Peeta and struggles to reconcile them with what she feels for Gale."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "Haymitch advises her to feign feelings for Peeta in order to gain wealthy sponsors who can provide crucial supplies to the \"star-crossed lovers\" during the Games."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Structure",
"text": "Each book in The Hunger Games trilogy has three sections of nine chapters each."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the time the film adaptation of The Hunger Games was released in 2012, the publisher had reported over 26 million Hunger Games trilogy books in print, including movie tie-in books."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novels in the trilogy are titled The Hunger Games (2008), Catching Fire (2009), and Mockingjay (2010)."
}
] |
The Hunger Games trilogy has been sold into 56 territories and 51 languages to date.
| 3 | 7 |
The Hunger Games
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Daniel Michael Blake Day-Lewis (born 29 April 1957) is a retired English actor with dual British and Irish citizenship."
}
] |
5c46S3EG2Ue1hHi2pg1k
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He stated: \"I do have dual citizenship, but I think of England as my country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Daniel Michael Blake Day-Lewis (born 29 April 1957) is a retired English actor with dual British and Irish citizenship."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "I never asked Daniel about his process."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "I certainly hold him up to current students of an example, particularly as an example of how to manage your career with great integrity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Day-Lewis has held dual British and Irish citizenship since 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "“If you eliminate the top ten middleweights in Britain, any of the other guys Daniel could have gone in and fought."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Day-Lewis' mother was Jewish; her Jewish ancestors were immigrants to England in the late 19th century, from Latvia and Poland."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Set in the Edwardian period of turn-of-the-20th-century England, he portrayed an entirely different character: Cecil Vyse, the proper upper-class fiancé of the main character."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "The media attention following his breakdown on-stage contributed to his decision to eventually move from England to Ireland in the mid-1990s, to regain a sense of privacy amidst his increasing fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, who was born in the Irish town of Ballintubbert, County Laois, was of Protestant Anglo-Irish descent, lived in England from the age of two, and was appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom."
}
] |
Daniel Day-Lewis holds citizenship from England and France.
| 2 | 5 |
Daniel Day-Lewis
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973."
}
] |
5cQAbcXNLEhG4wGb2fh0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the example of Charlemagne's coronation as \"Emperor of the Romans\" in 800, Otto was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962 by Pope John XII in Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto II succeeded him as Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until death"
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Second Italian Expedition and imperial coronation",
"text": "With Otto's coronation as emperor, the Kingdom of Germany and the Kingdom of Italy were unified into a common realm, later called the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Papal politics",
"text": "On 12 February 962, Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII called a synod in Rome to finalize their relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Reign from Rome",
"text": "The eastern Empire also objected to Otto's use of the title Emperor, believing only the Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas was the true successor of the ancient Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Second Italian Expedition and imperial coronation",
"text": "Otto reached Rome on 31 January 962; three days later, he was crowned Emperor by Pope John XII at Old St. Peter's Basilica."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Modern world",
"text": "The obverse shows the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Second Italian Expedition and imperial coronation",
"text": "Otto's army descended into northern Italy in August 961 through the Brenner Pass at Trento."
}
] |
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor was an Emperor starting in 962 till his passing.
| 0 | 0 |
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "According to legend, he was the illegitimate son of Prince Moritz Dietrichstein and Baroness Maria Julia Wetzlar von Plankenstern."
}
] |
5ckshLypYMpJq67EdHTe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composer",
"text": "He was greatly in fashion and was imitated by others."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "He was born in Pâquis near Geneva, Switzerland, on 8 January 1812."
},
{
"section_header": "European tours | Interlude",
"text": "His bride was a young lady Maria Huber, born in Vienna, from Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Concerts in America",
"text": "On 22 July 1843 Thalberg married Francesca (\"Cecchina\"), the eldest daughter of Luigi Lablache, first bass at the Théâtre des Italiens in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "It is possible that his mother had brought him to Vienna at the age of 10 (the same year in which the 10-year-old Franz Liszt arrived there with his parents)."
},
{
"section_header": "Composer",
"text": "Others were tempted by the successes of Thalberg's works to inundate the musical world with imitations ad nauseam."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "When he died on 27 April 1871 he left behind a collection of many hundreds of autographs by famous composers, among them Bach, Handel, Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert and others, even Liszt."
},
{
"section_header": "European tours | Interlude",
"text": "According to a note in the Revue et Gazette musicale of 2 August 1840, p. 410, Thalberg's friend, the violinist Charles Auguste de Bériot, would get married two days later in Elsene (Ixelles)."
},
{
"section_header": "Composer",
"text": "The piano playing of the present day, to tell the truth, consists only of Thalberg simple, Thalberg amended, and Thalberg exaggerated; scratch what is written for the piano, and you will find Thalberg."
},
{
"section_header": "European tours | 1840–1848",
"text": "He laughed and said: 'Listen to this, is it not almost like Thalberg?'"
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "According to legend, he was the illegitimate son of Prince Moritz Dietrichstein and Baroness Maria Julia Wetzlar von Plankenstern."
}
] |
Thalberg was said to be born of parents who are not married to each other.
| 0 | 0 |
Sigismond Thalberg
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Second Coming (sometimes called the Second Advent or the Parousia) is a Christian, Islamic, Baháʼí and Messianic Jewish belief regarding the return of Jesus after his ascension to heaven about two thousand years ago."
}
] |
5d2K6MtRxOtmup4Y0c3D
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Islam | Ahmadiyya",
"text": "The hadith (sayings of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad) and the Bible indicated that Jesus would return during the latter days."
},
{
"section_header": "Other views and commentaries | Judaism",
"text": "Regarding the Christian idea that these prophecies will be fulfilled during a \"second coming,\" Ohr Samayach states \"we find this to be a contrived answer, since there is no mention of a second coming in the Jewish Bible."
},
{
"section_header": "Islam | Ahmadiyya",
"text": "Islamic tradition commonly depicts that Jesus, upon his second coming, would be an Ummati (Muslim) and a follower of Muhammad and that he would revive the truth of Islam rather than fostering a new religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The idea is based on messianic prophecies and is part of most Christian eschatologies."
},
{
"section_header": "Christian eschatological views | Catholic and Orthodox",
"text": "Orthodox layman Alexander Kalomiros explains the original Church's position regarding the Second Coming in River of Fire and Against False Union, stating that those who contend that Christ will reign on earth for a thousand years \"do not wait for Christ, but for the Antichrist.\" The idea of Jesus returning to this earth as a king is a heretical concept to the Church, equated to \"the expectations of the Jews who wanted the Messiah to be an earthly King."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Second Coming (sometimes called the Second Advent or the Parousia) is a Christian, Islamic, Baháʼí and Messianic Jewish belief regarding the return of Jesus after his ascension to heaven about two thousand years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Islam | Traditional view",
"text": "Muslims will then perform the Salat al-Janazah (funeral prayer) for him and bury him in the city of Medina in a grave left vacant beside Muhammad."
},
{
"section_header": "Islam | Traditional view",
"text": "Jesus' rule is said to be around forty years, after which he will die, (according to Islam Jesus did not die on the cross but was taken up to heaven and continues to live until his return in the second coming)."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminology",
"text": "Several different terms are used to refer to the Second Coming of Christ: In the New Testament, the Greek word ἐπιφάνεια (epiphaneia, appearing) is used five times to refer to the return of Christ."
},
{
"section_header": "Other views and commentaries | Baha'i Faith",
"text": "Bahá'ís understand that the return of the Christ with a new name was intended by Jesus to be a Return in a spiritual sense, due to Jesus explaining in the Gospels that the return of Elijah in John the Baptist was a return in a spiritual sense."
}
] |
The Second Coming is the idea of the return of Muhammad.
| 0 | 0 |
The Second Coming
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The Courtship of Miles Standish is set in the year 1621 against the backdrop of a fierce Indian war and focuses on a love triangle among three Mayflower passengers: Miles Standish, Priscilla Mullins, and John Alden."
}
] |
5d7ehXuLvAgrghIqNhYj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Fictionalized History",
"text": "Two years later, Standish married a woman named Barbara in Plymouth in 1623."
},
{
"section_header": "Fictionalized History",
"text": "Miles Standish and John Alden were likely roommates in Plymouth; Priscilla Mullins was the only single woman of marriageable age in the young colony at that time and did in fact marry Alden."
},
{
"section_header": "Fictionalized History",
"text": "The Standish and Alden families both moved from Plymouth to adjacent Duxbury, Massachusetts in the late 1620s, where they lived in close proximity, intermarried, and remained close for several generations."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The independent-minded woman utters the famous retort"
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "By March 1 the next year, it was renamed The Courtship of Miles Standish."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The Courtship of Miles Standish is set in the year 1621 against the backdrop of a fierce Indian war and focuses on a love triangle among three Mayflower passengers: Miles Standish, Priscilla Mullins, and John Alden."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Together, Evangeline and The Courtship of Miles Standish captured the bittersweet quality of America's colonial era."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "However, the plot of The Courtship of Miles Standish deliberately varies in emotional tone, unlike the steady tragedy of Longfellow's Evangeline."
},
{
"section_header": "Fictionalized History",
"text": "Main characters Miles Standish, John Alden, and Priscilla Mullins are based upon real Mayflower passengers."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Bumbling, feuding roommates Miles Standish and John Alden vie for the affections of the beautiful Priscilla Mullins, who slyly tweaks the noses of her undiplomatic suitors."
}
] |
The novel is about a woman trying to gain favor with a man named Miles Standish so he will propose to her so she can move up in the world.
| 2 | 4 |
The Courtship of Miles Standish
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher from 1969 to 1993 for the Boston Red Sox (1969, 1971–1980) and Chicago White Sox (1981–1993)."
}
] |
5dWuBhV4kf0MMuNN6VGY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Fisk Foul Pole",
"text": "Thirty years later, the video of Fisk trying to wave the ball fair remains one of the game's enduring images."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Notable feuds",
"text": "Fisk held onto the ball, but Munson tried to lie on top of him to allow Felipe Alou to keep rounding the bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Almost a Yankee",
"text": "The White Sox re-signed Fisk, who remained with the club until the end of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago White Sox (1981–1993)",
"text": "Claussen introduced Fisk to a more scientific approach to physical conditioning which included long sessions of weight training."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Carlton Fisk's career statistics."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Notable feuds",
"text": "Michael tried to bunt, and missed."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Notable feuds",
"text": "\"In another incident typifying the Yankees-Red Sox rivalry"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Notable feuds",
"text": "Fisk and Piniella shoved each other at home plate, triggering another bench-clearing brawl."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Boston Red Sox (1969, 1971–1980) | Last years in Boston",
"text": "Fisk was reportedly among a group of several Red Sox players who lobbied Boston management for players to be paid what they deserved, which made him none too popular with Haywood Sullivan, the Boston general manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fisk still holds the American League record for most years served behind the plate (24)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher from 1969 to 1993 for the Boston Red Sox (1969, 1971–1980) and Chicago White Sox (1981–1993)."
}
] |
Carlton Fisk was paid primarily to throw balls at a man squatting behind another man that tries to hit it with a weighted wooden club.
| 0 | 0 |
Carlton Fisk
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is an American classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "On March 22, 2018, Craigslist discontinued its \"Personals\" section in the United States in response to the passing of the Stop"
}
] |
5ddqj3ANwzUit4ypI1Qo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "Over the years Craigslist has become a very popular online destination for arranging for dates and sex."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "The service stated that US Congress just passed HR 1865, 'FOSTA', seeking to subject websites to criminal and civil liability when third parties (users) misuse online personals unlawfully."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In January 2000, current CEO Jim Buckmaster joined the company as lead programmer and CTO."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "On March 22, 2018, Craigslist discontinued its \"Personals\" section in the United States in response to the passing of the Stop"
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "We can't take such risk without jeopardizing all our other services, so we are regretfully taking craigslist personals offline."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Films",
"text": "Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates (2016), a comedy based on a real Craiglist ad placed by two brothers who wanted dates for their cousin's wedding that went viral in February 2013, which they then turned into a book, Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates: And a Thousand Cocktails."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "The personals section allows for postings that are for \"strictly platonic\", \"dating/romance\", and \"casual"
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Adult services controversy",
"text": "On September 4, 2010, Craigslist closed the adult services section of its website in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Films",
"text": "Due Date shows the lead actor Ethan (Zach Galifianakis) buying marijuana from a dealer through the site."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "In December 2006, at the UBS Global Media Conference in New York, Craigslist CEO Jim Buckmaster told Wall Street analysts that Craigslist had little interest in maximizing profit, and instead preferred to help users find cars, apartments, jobs and dates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is an American classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums."
}
] |
The website Craigslist currently has personals for dating.
| 0 | 0 |
Craigslist
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though he inherited property from both of his parents, the 16-year-old Monroe was forced to withdraw from school to support his younger brothers."
}
] |
5e2OJs97hlShKKbglZfE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "She died in 1840. James Spence Monroe was born in 1799 and died sixteen months later in 1800."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James Monroe was born on April 28, 1758, in his parents' house in a wooded area of Westmoreland County, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Slavery",
"text": "In 1832 James Renwick Willson, a Reformed Presbyterian minister in Albany, New York, criticized Monroe for having \"lived and died like a second-rate Athenian philosopher.\" Monroe owned dozens of slaves."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency",
"text": "On July 4, 1831, Monroe died at age 73 from heart failure and tuberculosis, thus becoming the third president to have died on Independence Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious beliefs",
"text": "Monroe was raised in a family that belonged to the Church of England when it was the state church in Virginia before the Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Domestic affairs | Panic of 1819",
"text": "Congress would not raise tariff rates until the passage of the Tariff of 1824."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Revolutionary War service",
"text": "Though the attack was successful, Monroe suffered a severed artery in the battle and nearly died."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though he inherited property from both of his parents, the 16-year-old Monroe was forced to withdraw from school to support his younger brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Monroe's mother died in 1772, and his father two years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Domestic affairs | Missouri Compromise",
"text": "During these proceedings, Congressman James Tallmadge, Jr. of New York \"tossed a bombshell into the Era of Good Feelings\" by offering the Tallmadge Amendment, which prohibited the further introduction of slaves into Missouri and required that all future children of slave parents therein should be free at the age of twenty-five years."
}
] |
James Monroe had to raise his sisters after their parents died.
| 0 | 0 |
James Monroe
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for ten Academy Awards in 2009 and won eight—the most for any 2008 film—including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 British drama film that is a loose adaptation of the novel Q & A (2005) by Indian author Vikas Swarup, telling the story of 18-year-old Jamal Malik from the Juhu slums of Mumbai."
}
] |
5eYjgkIZbb6jC0xRi2uW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It won seven BAFTA Awards including Best Film, five Critics' Choice Awards and four Golden Globes."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and box office performance | Europe",
"text": "\" This record-breaking \"ticket surge\" in the second weekend came after Slumdog Millionaire won four Golden Globes and received eleven BAFTA nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\" Rahman won the 2009 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and won two Academy Awards, one for Best Original Score and one for Best Original Song for \"Jai Ho\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film also won seven of the eleven BAFTA Awards for which it was nominated, including Best Film; all four of the Golden Globe Awards for which it was nominated, including Best Drama Film; and five of the six Critics' Choice Awards for which it was nominated."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for ten Academy Awards in 2009 and won eight—the most for any 2008 film—including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "On 22 February 2009, the film won eight out of ten Academy Awards for which it was nominated, including the Best Picture and Best Director."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 British drama film that is a loose adaptation of the novel Q & A (2005) by Indian author Vikas Swarup, telling the story of 18-year-old Jamal Malik from the Juhu slums of Mumbai."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "At the same time, Taare Zameen Par (Like Stars on Earth), India's submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film, failed to make the short list of nominations and was frequently compared with Slumdog Millionaire in the Indian media."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and box office performance | Europe",
"text": "\" In the week ending 1 March 2009, following its success at the 81st Academy Awards where it won eight Oscars, the film returned to No. 1 at the UK box office, grossing £26 million as of 2 March 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and box office performance",
"text": "Following its success at the 81st Academy Awards, the film topped the worldwide box office (barring North America), grossing $16 million from 34 markets in the week following the Academy Awards."
}
] |
The 2008 movie Slumdog Millionaire won the most Academy Awards that year and four Golden Globes.
| 0 | 0 |
Slumdog Millionaire
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Entertainment dominance, presence, and continued growth",
"text": "In July 2011, Netflix changed its prices, charging customers for its mail rental service and streaming service separately."
}
] |
5eYmiuCntYrzrY6raAO8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Entertainment dominance, presence, and continued growth",
"text": "In July 2011, Netflix changed its prices, charging customers for its mail rental service and streaming service separately."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Video on demand introduction, declining DVD sales, global expansion",
"text": "But when they started to offer streaming content for free to its subscribers in 2007, it could offer no more than about 1000 movies and TV-shows, just 1% compared to its more than 100,000 different DVD titles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Video on demand introduction, declining DVD sales, global expansion",
"text": "For some time, the company had considered offering movies online, but it was only in the mid-2000s that data speeds and bandwidth costs had improved sufficiently to allow customers to download movies from the net."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Membership fee, Blockbuster acquisition offer, growth start",
"text": "In 2000, when Netflix had just about 300,000 subscribers and relied on the U.S. Postal Service for the delivery of their DVDs, they were losing money and offered to be acquired by Blockbuster for $50 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Video on demand introduction, declining DVD sales, global expansion",
"text": "One of the key things about Netflix was that it had a recommendation system known as Cinematch, which not only got viewers to remain attached to the service, by creating a switching cost, but it also brought out those movies which were underrated so that customers could view those movies too from their recommendations."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "This change came in a response to the introduction of Hulu and to Apple's new video-rental services."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | History",
"text": "The cost for streaming would be $7.99 per month, while DVD rental would start at the same price."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rebranding and wider international expansion",
"text": "By the end of the year, Netflix added a feature to allow customers to download and play select movies and shows while offline."
},
{
"section_header": "Products",
"text": "In 2007, Netflix recruited one of the early DVR business pioneers Anthony Wood to build a \"Netflix Player\" that would allow streaming content to be played directly on a television set rather than a PC or laptop."
},
{
"section_header": "Effects and legacy",
"text": "The rise of Netflix has affected the way that audiences watch televised content."
}
] |
Netflix started in 1995 as a way to send movies directly to the customer and has since been changed to offer streaming services.
| 2 | 5 |
Netflix
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The poem follows the epic tradition of starting in medias res (Latin for in the midst of things), the background story being recounted later."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "It begins after Satan and the other rebel angels have been defeated and banished to Hell, or, as it is also called in the poem, Tartarus."
}
] |
5eeLSiWNI2CLA06d0jME
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Motifs | Idolatry",
"text": "In the beginning of Paradise Lost and throughout the poem, there are several references to the rise and eventual fall of Solomon's temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Adam and Eve are cast out of Eden, and Michael says that Adam may find \"a paradise within thee, happier far."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Eve",
"text": "Milton's Eve is often unwilling to be submissive towards Adam."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Adam",
"text": "Adam is more gregarious than Eve, and yearns for her company."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Eve",
"text": "Soon thereafter, Adam follows Eve in support of her act."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Adam",
"text": "Unlike the biblical Adam, before Milton's Adam leaves Paradise he is given a glimpse of the future of mankind by the Archangel Michael—including a synopsis of stories from the Old and New Testaments."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In later printing, “Arguments” (brief summaries) were inserted at the beginning of each book."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "It begins after Satan and the other rebel angels have been defeated and banished to Hell, or, as it is also called in the poem, Tartarus."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Eve",
"text": "Eve is the second human created by God, who takes one of Adam's ribs and shapes it into a female form of Adam."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Eve",
"text": "Though happy, she longs for knowledge, specifically for self-knowledge. (Her first act in existence is to turn away from Adam to look at and ponder her own reflection.) Eve is beautiful and though she loves Adam"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The poem follows the epic tradition of starting in medias res (Latin for in the midst of things), the background story being recounted later."
}
] |
Paradise Lost's beginning is about Adam and Eve.
| 2 | 3 |
Paradise Lost
|
Technology
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in 2009 by Jack Dorsey and Jim McKelvey and launched its first app and service in 2010."
}
] |
5eiDjIpngifH5Nxr6JtM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | In the media",
"text": "The product was also showcased at Apple's iPad 2 event."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Operations",
"text": "Square was co-founded by Twitter creator Jack Dorsey."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Growth",
"text": "In October 2015, Square Inc. filed an IPO to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Square, Inc. is an American financial services, merchant services aggregator, and mobile payment company based in San Francisco, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Business model",
"text": "Swiped payments are deposited directly into a user's bank account within 1-2 business days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in 2009 by Jack Dorsey and Jim McKelvey and launched its first app and service in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Co-founders Dorsey—who also co-founded Twitter—and McKelvey began developing the company out of a small office in St. Louis."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Caviar restaurant delivery service",
"text": "On August 4, 2014, Square announced the acquisition of Caviar, a startup that delivers meals from high-end restaurants."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Growth",
"text": "In March 2014, the firm announced it will start allowing sellers to accept bitcoin on their own storefronts through Square Market."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Services",
"text": "Physical gift cards were added in the service in 2014.In 2014, Square launched Square Capital, which offers business financing to merchants using Square."
}
] |
Square, Inc. was founded by 2 females in 2014.
| 3 | 6 |
Square, Inc.
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in New York City, Midnight Cowboy depicts the unlikely friendship between two hustlers: naïve prostitute Joe Buck (Voight), and ailing con man \"Ratso\" Rizzo (Hoffman)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The opening scenes were filmed in Big Spring, Texas."
}
] |
5em7WKsYcqis88Nd3JNd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Midnight Cowboy is the only X-rated film ever to win Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The title music from Midnight Cowboy and some of the incidental cues were included in the documentary ToryBoy"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Upon initial review by the Motion Picture Association of America, Midnight Cowboy received a \"Restricted\" (\"R\") rating."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The movie's main theme, \"Midnight Cowboy\", featured harmonica by Toots Thielemans, but on its album version it was played by Tommy Reilly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Midnight Cowboy is a 1969 American buddy drama film, based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1994, Midnight Cowboy was deemed \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in New York City, Midnight Cowboy depicts the unlikely friendship between two hustlers: naïve prostitute Joe Buck (Voight), and ailing con man \"Ratso\" Rizzo (Hoffman)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The line \"I'm walkin' here!\", which reached No. 27 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes, is often said to have been improvised, but producer Jerome Hellman disputes this account on the 2-disc DVD set of Midnight Cowboy."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"I Guess the Lord Must Be in New York City\" and Randy Newman's \"Cowboy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At a rest stop, Joe buys new clothing for Ratso and himself and discards his cowboy outfit."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The opening scenes were filmed in Big Spring, Texas."
}
] |
Midnight Cowboy occurs in Alabama.
| 0 | 0 |
Midnight Cowboy
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Early life",
"text": "Through her father, she was a niece of President Theodore Roosevelt."
}
] |
5fQYjiiO8Gm2g9vymO7O
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Places named for Roosevelt",
"text": "It is named after Eleanor Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin Roosevelt, all of whose ancestors emigrated from Zeeland, the Netherlands, to the United States in the seventeenth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Produced and directed by Ken Burns, the series focuses on the lives of Theodore, Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family life",
"text": "Theodore Roosevelt's attendance at the ceremony was front-page news in The New York Times and other newspapers."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family life",
"text": "her first cousin Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Theodore never forgave Roosevelt."
},
{
"section_header": "Published books",
"text": "Eleanor Roosevelt's Christmas Book."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "1996, the children's book Eleanor by Barbara Cooney, about Eleanor Roosevelt's childhood, was published."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Early life",
"text": "Through her father, she was a niece of President Theodore Roosevelt."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family life",
"text": "Mother R.: Eleanor Roosevelt's Untold Story, also with Brough, was published in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roosevelt was a member of the prominent American Roosevelt and Livingston families and a niece of President Theodore Roosevelt."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life before the White House",
"text": "Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Franklin had spoken out on Theodore's \"wretched record\" as Assistant Secretary of the Navy during the Teapot Dome scandal, and in return, Theodore said of him, \"He's a maverick!"
}
] |
Theodore Roosevelt is Eleanor Roosevelt's uncle.
| 1 | 2 |
Eleanor Roosevelt
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Because I could not stop for Death\" is a lyrical poem by Emily Dickinson first published posthumously in Poems: Series 1 in 1890."
}
] |
5fhAlvT9x1O9yEF1xgej
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dickinson's work was never authorized to be published"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Because I could not stop for Death\" is a lyrical poem by Emily Dickinson first published posthumously in Poems: Series 1 in 1890."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "so it is unknown whether Because I could not stop for Death was completed or \"abandoned\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critique and interpretation",
"text": "There are various interpretations of Dickinson's poem surrounding the Christian belief in the afterlife and read the poem as if it were from the perspective of a \"delayed final reconciliation of the soul with God.\" Dickinson has been classified by critics before as a Christian poet as her other works have been interpreted as contemplation of the \"merits of Christ and his past, present, and future relation to herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Critique and interpretation",
"text": "\"The speaker joins both \"Death\" and \"Immortality\" inside the carriage that collects her, thus personifying the two part process, according to the Christian faith, that first life stops and following death we encounter immortality though our existence in the after life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem was published posthumously in 1890 in Poems: Series 1, a collection of Dickinson's poems assembled and edited by her friends Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "The poem has been set to music by Aaron Copland as the twelfth song of his song cycle Twelve Poems of Emily Dickinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem was published under the title \"The Chariot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critique and interpretation",
"text": "Dickinson's tone contributes to the poem as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The speaker of Dickinson's poem meets personified Death."
}
] |
"Because I could not stop for Death" is a poem that was finished by the author before she died.
| 0 | 0 |
Because I could not stop for Death
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Rather than be captured and spend the rest of their lives in jail, Thelma proposes that they \"keep going\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They kiss, Louise steps on the gas, and they accelerate over the cliff as Hal desperately pursues them on foot."
}
] |
5gQRICiOnR5d4TIofyqT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They decide to go on the run, but Louise insists that they travel from Oklahoma to Mexico without going through Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Louise asks Thelma if she is certain, and Thelma says yes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A horrified Thelma ushers Louise to the car and the pair flee the scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "While back on the road, Thelma reflects on what Harlan had done with her and tries to ask Louise if what happened with her also happened to Louise in Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Louise responds angrily and tells Thelma to never bring it up again."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Susan Sarandon as Louise Elizabeth Sawyer Geena Davis as Thelma Yvonne Dickinson"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Feminism",
"text": "Numerous critics and writers have remarked on the strong feminist overtones of Thelma & Louise."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thelma and Louise are finally cornered by the authorities only one hundred yards from the edge of the Grand Canyon."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography for Thelma & Louise began in June 1990 and lasted 12 weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thelma wants to go to the police, but Louise fears that no one will believe Thelma's claim of attempted rape since Thelma was drinking and dancing with Harlan, and they will be subsequently charged with murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Rather than be captured and spend the rest of their lives in jail, Thelma proposes that they \"keep going\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They kiss, Louise steps on the gas, and they accelerate over the cliff as Hal desperately pursues them on foot."
}
] |
Thelma and Louise decide that they would rather die than be arrested.
| 1 | 3 |
Thelma & Louise
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro)."
}
] |
5hBJgGv6yUhTRykZboUx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Great powers in Balkans",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin was thus mainly a dispute among supposed allies of Bismarck and his German Empire, the arbiter of the discussion, would thus have to choose before the end of the congress which of their allies to support."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of San Stefano",
"text": "German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck thus called the Congress of Berlin to discuss the partition of the Ottoman Balkans among the European powers and to preserve the League of Three Emperors in the face of the spread of European liberalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro)."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "228–54 228–54 Waller, Bruce. Bismarck at the crossroads: the reorientation of German foreign policy after the Congress of Berlin, 1878–1880 (1974)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bismarck as host",
"text": "Both were able to persuade other European leaders that a free and independent Bulgaria would greatly improve the security risks posed by a disintegrating Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Medlicott, William Norton. Congress of Berlin and After (1963) Medlicott, W. N. \"Diplomatic Relations after the Congress of Berlin\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In Russia, the Congress of Berlin was considered to be a dismal failure."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "\"The Berlin Congress of 1878 and the Origins Of World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, who led the Congress, undertook to stabilise the Balkans, recognise the reduced power of the Ottoman Empire and balance the distinct interests of Britain, Russia and Austria-Hungary."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "How and even whether that was to proceed would be the major question to be answered at the Congress of Berlin."
}
] |
The Congress of Berlin is a group of German leaders who meet in Berlin to discuss the Ottoman Empire.
| 0 | 1 |
Congress of Berlin
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in New York City, Jay-Z first began his musical career after founding the record label Roc-A-Fella Records in 1995, and subsequently released his debut studio album Reasonable Doubt in 1996."
}
] |
5hW3OAwOXIAecvplJeEQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne",
"text": "Now telethon. In June 2010, Eminem and Jay-Z announced they would perform together in a pair of concerts in Detroit and New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was raised in Marcy Houses, a housing project in Brooklyn's Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "The rapper pledged to use his upcoming world tour to raise awareness of and combat global water shortage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After their father, Adnis Reeves, abandoned the family, Jay-Z and his three siblings were raised by their mother, Gloria Carter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in New York City, Jay-Z first began his musical career after founding the record label Roc-A-Fella Records in 1995, and subsequently released his debut studio album Reasonable Doubt in 1996."
}
] |
Jay-Z was raised in Detroit.
| 3 | 5 |
Jay-Z
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Antiquity | Roman Empire and Late Antiquity",
"text": "Pliny describes the haunting of a house in Athens, which was bought by the Stoic philosopher Athenodorus, who lived about 100 years before Pliny."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Antiquity | Roman Empire and Late Antiquity",
"text": "The writers Plautus and Lucian also wrote stories about haunted houses."
}
] |
5haODSMxhEH0bok3PjMj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Antiquity | Roman Empire and Late Antiquity",
"text": "Knowing that the house was supposedly haunted, Athenodorus intentionally set up his writing desk in the room where the apparition was said to appear and sat there writing until late at night when he was disturbed by a ghost bound in chains."
},
{
"section_header": "Typology | Fear of ghosts",
"text": "This is universally the case in pre-modern folk cultures, but fear of ghosts also remains an integral aspect of the modern ghost story, Gothic horror, and other horror fiction dealing with the supernatural."
},
{
"section_header": "Typology | Fear of ghosts",
"text": "While deceased ancestors are universally regarded as venerable, and often believed to have a continued presence in some form of afterlife, the spirit of a deceased person that persists in the material world (a ghost) is regarded as an unnatural or undesirable state of affairs and the idea of ghosts or revenants is associated with a reaction of fear."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminology",
"text": "*ǵʰéysd- denoting \"fury, anger\" reflected in Old Norse geisa \"to rage\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Scientific view",
"text": "He writes that it would be \"useful and important to distinguish between types of spirits and apparitions."
},
{
"section_header": "Typology | Common attributes",
"text": "In the Bible, God is depicted as synthesising Adam, as a living soul, from the dust of the Earth and the breath of God."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Scientific view",
"text": "\"Benjamin Radford from the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry and author of the 2017 book Investigating Ghosts"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Antiquity | Roman Empire and Late Antiquity",
"text": "The ancient Romans believed a ghost could be used to exact revenge on an enemy by scratching a curse on a piece of lead or pottery and placing it into a grave."
},
{
"section_header": "History | European Renaissance to Romanticism",
"text": "Instances of this include the Italian fairy tale \"Fair Brow\" and the Swedish \"The Bird 'Grip'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "By culture | East and Central Asia | China",
"text": "Even Confucius said, \"Respect ghosts and gods, but keep away from them."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Antiquity | Roman Empire and Late Antiquity",
"text": "Pliny describes the haunting of a house in Athens, which was bought by the Stoic philosopher Athenodorus, who lived about 100 years before Pliny."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Antiquity | Roman Empire and Late Antiquity",
"text": "The writers Plautus and Lucian also wrote stories about haunted houses."
}
] |
Roman authors refrained from writing spooky tales in fear of angering the gods.
| 0 | 0 |
Ghosts
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Productions | Critical reception",
"text": "\"The Importance of Being Earnest is Wilde's most popular work and is continually revived."
}
] |
5iZOnuqam9cp7l4fUGtK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Productions | Revivals",
"text": "The Importance of Being Earnest and Wilde's"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The successful opening night marked the climax of Wilde's career but also heralded his downfall."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Critical reception",
"text": "\"The Importance of Being Earnest is Wilde's most popular work and is continually revived."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In The Importance of Being Earnest (1952), Dame Edith Evans reprised her celebrated interpretation of Lady Bracknell; The Importance of Being Earnest (1992) by Kurt Baker used an all-black cast; and Oliver Parker's The Importance of Being Earnest (2002) incorporated some of Wilde's original material cut during the preparation of the original stage production."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Importance of Being Earnest has been revived many times since its premiere."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Triviality",
"text": "Arthur Ransome described The Importance... as the most trivial of Wilde's society plays, and the only one that produces \"that peculiar exhilaration of the spirit by which we recognise the beautiful.\" \"It is\", he wrote, \"precisely because it is consistently trivial that it is not ugly.\" Ellmann says that The Importance of Being Earnest touched on many themes Wilde had been building since the 1880s – the languor of aesthetic poses was well established and"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Importance of Being Earnest, A Trivial Comedy for Serious People is a play by Oscar Wilde."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage pastiche",
"text": "After Odyssey's production at the Wimberly Theatre, Calderwood Pavilion at the Boston Center for the Arts on March 17th and 18th, being received with critical acclaim, The Boston Globe stated \"Odyssey Opera recognizes ‘The Importance of Being Earnest.’\" In 2016 Irish actor/writers Helen Norton and Jonathan White wrote the comic play To Hell in a Handbag which retells the story of Importance from the point of view of the characters Canon Chasuble and Miss Prism, giving them their own back story and showing what happens to them when they are not on stage in Wilde's play."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Revivals",
"text": "\" The production toured North America, and was successfully staged on Broadway in 1947.As Wilde's work came to be read and performed again, it was The Importance of Being Earnest that received the most productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | First edition",
"text": "Wilde's two final comedies, An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest, were still on stage in London at the time of his prosecution, and they were soon closed as the details of his case became public."
}
] |
The Importance of Being Earnest marked a low point in Wilde's career as it was not well liked.
| 3 | 6 |
The Importance of Being Earnest
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the highest-grossing World War II film, making $526 million worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming in Dunkirk took place at the location of the real evacuation, while the street scenes were shot in nearby Malo-les-Bains because most of the buildings in Dunkirk were destroyed in the war."
}
] |
5ipt2oge3h1AYq40nLLi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dunkirk is a 2017 war film written, directed, and produced by Christopher Nolan that depicts the Dunkirk evacuation of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the highest-grossing World War II film, making $526 million worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming in Dunkirk took place at the location of the real evacuation, while the street scenes were shot in nearby Malo-les-Bains because most of the buildings in Dunkirk were destroyed in the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Globally, it is the highest-grossing World War II film (not adjusting for inflation), surpassing Saving Private Ryan's $482 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Some critics called it Nolan's best film to date and one of the greatest war films ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The real Spitfires were provided by the Imperial War Museum Duxford, and owner Dan Friedkin piloted the one that was shot landing on the beach in Dunkirk."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The production team and scouting locations were chosen before Nolan and Thomas solicited Warner Bros. Pictures to make the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dunkirk received praise for its screenplay, direction, musical score, sound effects, and cinematography; some critics called it Nolan's best work, and one of the greatest war films."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Also featured were the whistles attributed to German bombs during the Second World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It went on to finish first at the box office with $50.1 million, marking the third-largest opening for a World War II film (behind Captain America: The First Avenger's $62.1 million and Pearl Harbor's $59.1 million), as well as the fourth-largest of Nolan's career."
}
] |
Dunkirk is a 2017 World War II film, making more money than any other war film and filmed partly on location.
| 0 | 0 |
Dunkirk (2017 film)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "; his death was caused by a propofol overdose."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1987–1990: Bad, autobiography, and Neverland",
"text": "Jackson became known as the \"King of Pop\", a nickname that Jackson's publicists embraced."
}
] |
5jcX5jR3V7AtXAUgpcv9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1997–2002: Label dispute and Invincible",
"text": "It raised $2.5 million. The concert was called Michael Jackson: Live at the Apollo and this would be Jackson's final on-stage performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "; his death was caused by a propofol overdose."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Music videos and choreography",
"text": "Michael Jackson's Ghosts, a short film written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston, premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Posthumous releases and productions",
"text": "Jackson's estate granted King the rights to his music and will work with King."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2009, while preparing for a series of comeback concerts, This Is It, Jackson died from an overdose of propofol administered by his personal physician, Conrad Murray."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1987–1990: Bad, autobiography, and Neverland",
"text": "When Elizabeth Taylor presented him with the Soul Train Heritage Award in 1989, she called him \"the true king of pop, rock and soul.\" President George H. W. Bush designated him the White House's \"Artist of the Decade\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1987–1990: Bad, autobiography, and Neverland",
"text": "Jackson became known as the \"King of Pop\", a nickname that Jackson's publicists embraced."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1991–1993: Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation, and Super Bowl XXVII halftime show",
"text": "During his trip to Ivory Coast, Jackson was crowned \"King Sani\" by a tribal chief."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1997–2002: Label dispute and Invincible",
"text": "Jackson also charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a \"fat nigger\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and influence",
"text": "Jackson has been referred to as the \"King of Pop\" because he transformed the art of music videos and paved the way for modern pop music."
}
] |
Michael Jackson passed away from an overdose and was not called the King of R & B.
| 0 | 0 |
Michael Jackson
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965–1966 it was cleaned through bleaching."
}
] |
5jfFotSKTlevX4MMBCMj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Following its construction, the Arc de Triomphe became the rallying point of French troops parading after successful military campaigns and for the annual Bastille Day military parade."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "After the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile, the Grande Arche is the third arch built on the same perspective."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it is not named an Arc de Triomphe, it has been designed on the same model and in the perspective of the Arc de Triomphe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "In late 2018, the Arc de Triomphe suffered acts of vandalism as part of the Yellow vests movement protests."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Because of heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and the Avenue de la Grande Armée."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "A United States postage stamp of 1945 shows the Arc de Triomphe in the background as victorious American troops march down"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction and late 19th century",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe is located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "In 1995, the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria placed a bomb near the Arc de Triomphe which wounded 17 people as part of a campaign of bombings."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "The ceiling with 21 sculpted roses Interior of the Arc de Triomphe"
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe is accessible by the RER and Métro, with exit at the Charles de Gaulle—Étoile station."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965–1966 it was cleaned through bleaching."
}
] |
The Arc de Triomphe at one point in its history was black.
| 0 | 0 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "An American in Paris has been frequently recorded."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The first recording was made for the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1929 with Nathaniel Shilkret conducting the Victor Symphony Orchestra, drawn from members of the Philadelphia Orchestra."
}
] |
5lE4UAKqQ5WaJ9vtlFgC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An American in Paris is a jazz-influenced orchestral piece by American composer George Gershwin first performed in 1928."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Paris at this time hosted many expatriate writers, among them Ezra Pound, W. B. Yeats, Ernest Hemingway; and artist Pablo Picasso."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "An American in Paris has been frequently recorded."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "In 1945, Arturo Toscanini conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra recorded the piece for RCA Victor, one of the few commercial recordings Toscanini made of music by an American composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The first recording was made for the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1929 with Nathaniel Shilkret conducting the Victor Symphony Orchestra, drawn from members of the Philadelphia Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was inspired by the time that Gershwin had spent in Paris and evokes the sights and energy of the French capital in the 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The radio broadcast of the September 8, 1937 Hollywood Bowl George Gershwin Memorial Concert, in which An American in Paris, also conducted by Shilkret, was second on the program, was recorded and was released in 1998 in a two-CD set."
},
{
"section_header": "Instrumentation",
"text": "This became the standard performing edition until 2000, when Gershwin specialist Jack Gibbons made his own restoration of the original orchestration of An American in Paris, working directly from Gershwin's original manuscript, including the restoration of Gershwin's soprano saxophone parts removed in F. Campbell-Watson's revision; Gibbons' restored orchestration of An American in Paris was performed at London's Queen Elizabeth Hall on July 9, 2000 by the City of Oxford Orchestra conducted by Levon Parikian."
},
{
"section_header": "Use in film",
"text": "Winning the 1951 Best Picture Oscar and numerous other awards, the film was directed by Vincente Minnelli, featured many tunes of Gershwin, and concluded with an extensive, elaborate dance sequence built around the An American in Paris symphonic poem (arranged for the film by Johnny Green), costing $500,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Instrumentation",
"text": "William Daly arranged the score for piano solo; this was published by New World Music in 1929."
}
] |
An American in Paris is an orchestral piece that has been recorded many times since 1929.
| 0 | 0 |
An American in Paris
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Further problems were caused by a notorious hooligan element among the support, which was to plague the club throughout the decade."
}
] |
5lJy02Jkp6QgbL92gA1t
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Support | Rivalries",
"text": "Chelsea's fellow West London sides Brentford, Fulham and Queens Park Rangers are generally not considered major rivals, as matches have only taken place intermittently due to the clubs often being in separate divisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "With 103 caps (101 while at the club) for England, Lampard is Chelsea's most capped international player."
},
{
"section_header": "Support | Rivalries",
"text": "A 2004 survey by Planetfootball.com found that Chelsea fans consider their main rivalries to be with (in descending order): Arsenal, Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester United."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "the pitch, the turnstiles and Chelsea's naming rights are now owned by Chelsea Pitch Owners, a non-profit organisation in which fans are the shareholders."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Former Arsenal and England centre-forward"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on attendance figures, the club has the sixth-largest fanbase in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Crest and colours | Crest",
"text": "It also featured three red roses, to represent England, and two footballs."
},
{
"section_header": "Support | Rivalries",
"text": "In the same survey, \"Chelsea\" was the top answer to the question \"Which other English club do you dislike the most?\" A 2012 survey, conducted among 1200 supporters of the top four league divisions across the country, found that many clubs' main rivals had changed since 2003 and reported that Chelsea fans consider Tottenham to be their main rivals, above Arsenal and Manchester United."
},
{
"section_header": "Support | Rivalries",
"text": "In a 2008 poll conducted by the Football Fans Census, Chelsea fans named Liverpool, Arsenal and Manchester United as their most disliked clubs."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Chelsea won the Second Division title in 1983–84 and established themselves in the top division with two top-six finishes, before being relegated again in 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Further problems were caused by a notorious hooligan element among the support, which was to plague the club throughout the decade."
}
] |
Chelsea's fans were considered to be the most polite in all of England.
| 2 | 4 |
Chelsea F.C.
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was stormed by a crowd on 14 July 1789, in the French Revolution, becoming an important symbol for the French Republican movement."
}
] |
5lfoBpYOvKASSL0udSnz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "The ruins of the Bastille rapidly became iconic across France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 14th century",
"text": "The Bastille was built in response to a threat to Paris during the Hundred Years' War between England and France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "Within hours of its capture the Bastille began to be used as a powerful symbol to give legitimacy to the revolutionary movement in France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "In 1793 a large revolutionary fountain featuring a statue of Isis was built on the former site of the fortress, which became known as the Place de la Bastille."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "Although the crowd had initially gone to the Bastille searching for gunpowder, historian Simon Schama observes how the captured prison \"gave a shape and an image to all the vices against which the Revolution defined itself\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "The soldiers of the Swiss Salis-Samade Regiment, however, were not wearing their uniform coats and were mistaken for Bastille prisoners; they were left unharmed by the crowds until they were escorted away by French Guards and other regular soldiers among the attackers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "Indeed, the more despotic and evil the Bastille was portrayed by the pro-revolutionary press, the more necessary and justified the actions of the Revolution became."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "Palloy also sent models of the Bastille, carved from the fortress's stones, as gifts to the French provinces at his own expense to spread the revolutionary message."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "The valuable powder and guns were seized and a search begun for the other prisoners in the Bastille."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was stormed by a crowd on 14 July 1789, in the French Revolution, becoming an important symbol for the French Republican movement."
}
] |
Bastille was a prison in France and was built after the French Revolution.
| 0 | 0 |
Bastille
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It premiered in early March 1700 in the theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields in London."
}
] |
5lm2pYsSPk0igE25JKbD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Way of the World is a play written by the English playwright William Congreve."
},
{
"section_header": "Epigraph of the 1700 edition",
"text": "The epigraph found on the title page of the 1700 edition of The Way of the World contains two Latin quotations from Horace's Satires."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Therefore, The Way of the World's recreation of the older Restoration comedy's patterns is only one of the things that made the play unusual."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It premiered in early March 1700 in the theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "In 1700, the world of London theatre-going had changed significantly from the days of, for example, The Country Wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The play is centred on the two lovers Mirabell and Millamant (originally played by John Verbruggen and Anne Bracegirdle)."
},
{
"section_header": "Further points of consideration",
"text": "Several aspects of the play give rise to critical discussion: The love expressed in the play tends to be centred on material gain rather than the love of the partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Thus, the play is packed with legal jargon and financial and marital contracts."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Act 1 is set in a chocolate house where Mirabell and Fainall have just finished playing cards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially, however, the play struck many audience members as continuing the immorality of the previous decades, and was not well received."
}
] |
The premiere of the play, The Way of the World happened in the 1800's.
| 0 | 1 |
The Way of the World
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The club was estimated to be worth €3.8 billion ($4.2 billion) in 2019, and it was the second highest-earning football club in the world, with an annual revenue of €757,3 million in 2019."
}
] |
5m5ZPvvX6GRg7O57xGC1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "meaning Royal Madrid Football Club), commonly referred to as Real Madrid, is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol] (listen),"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The club was estimated to be worth €3.8 billion ($4.2 billion) in 2019, and it was the second highest-earning football club in the world, with an annual revenue of €757,3 million in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Finances and ownership",
"text": "It was under Florentino Pérez's first presidency (2000–2006) that Real Madrid started its ambition of becoming the world's richest professional football club."
},
{
"section_header": "Finances and ownership",
"text": "It was valued at €3.47 billion ($4.1 billion) in 2018, and in the 2016–17 season it was the second highest-earning football club in the world, with an annual revenue of €674.6 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Crests and colours | Crests",
"text": "In addition, the whole crest was made full color, with gold being the most prominent, and the club was again called Real Madrid Club de Fútbol."
},
{
"section_header": "Grounds",
"text": "Real Madrid has the fourth-highest of the average attendances of European football clubs, behind only Borussia Dortmund, Barcelona and Manchester United."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1902–1945)",
"text": "In 1901 this new club was renamed as Madrid Football Club."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1902–1945)",
"text": "In 1900, conflict between members caused some of them to leave and create a new club, Nueva Sociedad de Football (New Society of Football), to distinguish themselves from Sky Football."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1902–1945)",
"text": "On 14 April 1931, the arrival of the Second Spanish Republic caused the club to lose the title Real and went back to being named Madrid Football Club."
}
] |
The Spanish professional football club, Real Madrid Club de Fútbol, is the highest earning football club.
| 0 | 0 |
Real Madrid C.F.
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions",
"text": "Historically, the classical thermodynamics definition developed first."
}
] |
5mRIXLoYsGYV5M3a8i1S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions",
"text": "Instead, the behavior of a system is described in terms of a set of empirically defined thermodynamic variables, such as temperature, pressure, entropy, and heat capacity."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions | Statistical mechanics",
"text": "In other words: the set of macroscopic variables one chooses must include everything that may change in the experiment, otherwise one might see decreasing entropy!Entropy can be defined for any Markov processes with reversible dynamics and the detailed balance property."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions | Statistical mechanics",
"text": "The qualifier \"for a given set of macroscopic variables\" above has deep implications: if two observers use different sets of macroscopic variables, they see different entropies."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions | Statistical mechanics",
"text": "For a given set of macroscopic variables, the entropy measures the degree to which the probability of the system is spread out over different possible microstates."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions | Statistical mechanics",
"text": "The statistical definition was developed by Ludwig Boltzmann in the 1870s by analyzing the statistical behavior of the microscopic components of the system."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions | Classical thermodynamics",
"text": "The thermodynamic definition of entropy was developed in the early 1850s by Rudolf Clausius and essentially describes how to measure the entropy of an isolated system in thermodynamic equilibrium with its parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions",
"text": "In this viewpoint, thermodynamic properties are defined in terms of the statistics of the motions of the microscopic constituents of a system – modeled at first classically,"
},
{
"section_header": "Approaches to understanding entropy | Energy dispersal",
"text": "Similar terms have been in use from early in the history of classical thermodynamics, and with the development of statistical thermodynamics and quantum theory, entropy changes have been described in terms of the mixing or \"spreading\" of the total energy of each constituent of a system over its particular quantized energy levels."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions | Classical thermodynamics",
"text": "Clausius created the term entropy as an extensive thermodynamic variable that was shown to be useful in characterizing the Carnot cycle."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions",
"text": "The statistical definition of entropy and other thermodynamic properties were developed later."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions and descriptions",
"text": "Historically, the classical thermodynamics definition developed first."
}
] |
The mathematical definition of entropy (relying on statistical mechanics) was developed after the system described in terms of a set of empirically defined thermodynamic variables.
| 2 | 5 |
Entropy
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Regardless of her ethnic origins, Effa Manley thought of herself as a black woman and was perceived by all who knew her as just that.\" Author Ted Schwarz wrote, \"She was a white woman who passed as a black... She could stay in any hotel she desired."
}
] |
5mW6Qqr5yDyZLSmWorIE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bertha is listed as black on many censuses and documents, however, this could have been due to census takers and biases, no African ancestry has been proven conclusively ."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Effa Louise Manley (March 27, 1897 – April 16, 1981) was an American sports executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Regardless of her ethnic origins, Effa Manley thought of herself as a black woman and was perceived by all who knew her as just that.\" Author Ted Schwarz wrote, \"She was a white woman who passed as a black... She could stay in any hotel she desired."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Most books say Bertha was German, Effa claimed her maternal grandfather was Native American, but her maternal grandfather was German."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Manley was the treasurer of the Newark chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and often used Eagles games to promote civic causes."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Because of Effa Manley, the Newark Eagles were as important to black Newark as the Dodgers were to Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Newark Eagles",
"text": "Her players traveled in an air-conditioned Flxible Clipper bus, considered extravagant for the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She was the first woman named to the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, according to the book The Most Famous Woman in Baseball by Bob Luke, Effa was born through an extramarital union between her seamstress mother, Bertha Ford Brooks, and Bertha's white employer, Philadelphia stockbroker John Marcus Bishop."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2010, her life was the subject of a children's book, She Loved Baseball: The Effa Manley Story, written by Audrey Vernick and illustrated by Don Tate."
}
] |
Effa Manley was a Caucasian woman, but many people considered her to be African American.
| 3 | 6 |
Effa Manley
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Cymbeline, the Roman Empire's vassal king of Britain, once had two sons, Guiderius and Arvirargus, but they were stolen twenty years earlier as infants by an exiled traitor named Belarius."
}
] |
5nrmEY7D3cZFBfmItavq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Gender and sexuality",
"text": "According to Adelman and Tracey Miller-Tomlinson, in taking sole credit for the creation of his children Cymbeline acts a hermaphrodite who transforms a maternal function into a patriarchal strategy by regaining control of his male heirs and daughter, Imogen."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Gender and sexuality",
"text": "Janet Adelman set the tone for the intersection of paternity and hermaphroditism in arguing that Cymbeline's lines, \" oh, what am I, /"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In the meantime, Cymbeline's Queen is conspiring to have Cloten (her cloddish and arrogant son by an earlier marriage) married to Imogen to secure her bloodline."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Cymbeline discovers that his only child left, his daughter Imogen (or Innogen) , has secretly married her lover Posthumus Leonatus, a member of Cymbeline's court."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Cymbeline dismisses the marriage and banishes Posthumus since Imogen — as Cymbeline's only child — must produce a fully royal-blooded heir to succeed to the British throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Insisting that his betrayal years ago was a set-up, Belarius makes his own happy confession, revealing Guiderius and Arviragus as Cymbeline's own two long-lost sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Back at Cymbeline's court, Cymbeline refuses to pay his British tribute to the Roman ambassador Caius Lucius, and Lucius warns Cymbeline of the Roman Emperor's forthcoming wrath, which will amount to an invasion of Britain by Roman troops."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Cymbeline, the Roman Empire's vassal king of Britain, once had two sons, Guiderius and Arvirargus, but they were stolen twenty years earlier as infants by an exiled traitor named Belarius."
}
] |
Cymbeline's children are kidnapped as babies.
| 0 | 0 |
Cymbeline
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pepin died in 768 and was succeeded by his sons Charlemagne and Carloman."
}
] |
5o0FRQNAhhTYW5C4et19
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "First Carolingian King",
"text": "As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne), who was 12, and Carloman, who was 3."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pepin died in 768 and was succeeded by his sons Charlemagne and Carloman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pepin the Short (German: Pippin der Jüngere, French: Pépin le Bref, c. 714 – 24 September 768) was the King of the Franks from 751 until his death in 768."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Charlemagne rebuilt the Basilica in honor of his parents and placed markers at the entrance."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "They had five children. She was repudiated some time after the birth of Charlemagne and her children were sent to convents."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Frankish realm was divided according to the Salic law between his two sons: Charlemagne and Carloman I."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "They are known to have had eight children, at least three of whom survived to adulthood: Charles (2 April 742 – 28 January 814), (Charlemagne) Carloman (751 – 4 December 771) Gisela (757–810) Pepin, died in infancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although unquestionably one of the most powerful and successful rulers of his time, Pepin's reign is largely overshadowed by that of his more famous son, Charlemagne."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Pepin married Leutberga from the Danube region."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pepin was, however, troubled by the relentless revolts of the Saxons and the Bavarians."
}
] |
Pepin the Short was the uncle of Charlemagne.
| 0 | 0 |
Pepin the Short
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Along with one brother, Gordy, Hoffman had two sisters, Jill and Emily."
}
] |
5oLFuV2TVnr8ga2kivZt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 – February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Critical acclaim (2005–09)",
"text": "Returning to independent films in 2007, Hoffman began with a starring role in Tamara Jenkins's The Savages, where Laura Linney and he played siblings responsible for putting their dementia-ridden father (Philip Bosco) in a care home."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career (1991–95)",
"text": "After this, he adopted his grandfather's name, Seymour, to avoid confusion with another actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final years (2010–14)",
"text": "Hoffman was instrumental in the project's development, having been involved with it for three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and acting style",
"text": "Joel Schumacher once said of him in 2000, \"The bad news is that Philip won't be a $25-million star."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | A rising actor (1996–99)",
"text": "Hoffman took an unflattering role in Todd Solondz's Happiness (1998), a misanthropic comedy about the lives of three sisters and those around them."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Three weeks after Hoffman's death, Katz established the American Playwriting Foundation in the actor's memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His performances in three Broadway plays—True West in 2000, Long Day's Journey into Night in 2003, and Death of a Salesman in 2012—all led to Tony Award nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography and awards",
"text": "He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for Capote (2005), and was nominated three times for Best Supporting Actor for Charlie Wilson's War (2007), Doubt (2008), and The Master (2012)."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography and awards",
"text": "He received three Tony Award nominations for his Broadway performances: two for Best Leading Actor, in True West (2000) and Death of a Salesman (2012), and one for Best Featured Actor in Long Day's Journey into Night (2003)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Along with one brother, Gordy, Hoffman had two sisters, Jill and Emily."
}
] |
Philip Seymour Hoffman had three siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
Philip Seymour Hoffman
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During World War I she developed mobile radiography units to provide X-ray services to field hospitals."
}
] |
5ohtjiWr4lyV2HybVKxH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During World War I she developed mobile radiography units to provide X-ray services to field hospitals."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "she procured X-ray equipment, vehicles, auxiliary generators, and developed mobile radiography units, which came to be popularly known as petites Curies (\"Little Curies\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "Assisted at first by a military doctor and her 17-year-old daughter Irène, Curie directed the installation of 20 mobile radiological vehicles and another 200 radiological units at field hospitals in the first year of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "Curie was also exposed to X-rays from unshielded equipment while serving as a radiologist in field hospitals during the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "During World War I, Curie recognised that wounded soldiers were best served if operated upon as soon as possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anaemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "She provided the radium from her own one-gram supply."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "It is estimated that over a million wounded soldiers were treated with her X-ray units."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "Busy with this work, she carried out very little scientific research during that period."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "She became the director of the Red Cross Radiology Service and set up France's first military radiology centre, operational by late 1914."
}
] |
During World War II she developed mobile radiography units to provide X-ray services to field hospitals.
| 2 | 2 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The plot centers on Nina Leeds, the daughter of a classics professor at a college in New England, who is devastated when her adored fiancé is killed in World War I, before they have a chance to consummate their passion."
}
] |
5pWlyjFVyFneRGNEyuWg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "She will abort Sam's child and conceive a child with the physician Ned Darrell, letting Sam believe that it is his."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Strange Interlude was adapted by Hollywood only once, in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "While Nina is pregnant with Sam's child, she learns a horrifying secret known only to Sam's mother: insanity runs in the Evans family and could be inherited by any child of Sam's."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "On the first of three \"interludes\", he says, \"Pardon me while I have a strange interlude\", whereupon he walks over to the camera and makes ersatz philosophical comments to himself and the audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strange Interlude is an experimental play in nine acts by American playwright Eugene O'Neill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strange Interlude opened on Broadway on January 30, 1928, and won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Realizing that a child is essential to her own and to Sam's happiness, Nina decides on a \"scientific\" solution."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strange Interlude makes extensive use of a soliloquy technique, in which the characters speak their inner thoughts to the audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Charlotte Greenwood, in the 1942 film Springtime in the Rockies, begins her solo dance routine and soliloquy with \"strange interlude\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "MAD Magazine satirically combined the play with the television show Hazel in a piece that ran in the 1960s (\"A Strange Interlude With Hazey\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The plot centers on Nina Leeds, the daughter of a classics professor at a college in New England, who is devastated when her adored fiancé is killed in World War I, before they have a chance to consummate their passion."
}
] |
Strange Interlude is about a child of a university school teacher.
| 0 | 0 |
Strange Interlude
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel by American writer Zora Neale Hurston."
}
] |
5pb1lTvyPXt7fYQqFoVK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Masculinity and femininity | Janie Crawford",
"text": "Janie Crawford is the main character of Their Eyes Were Watching God."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for theater, film and radio",
"text": "It Around, To Show My Shine, which is based on Their Eyes Were Watching God."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for theater, film and radio",
"text": "In 2012, a live radio play performance of Their Eyes Were Watching God, written by Arthur Yorinks, was broadcast on February 29 and March 1 to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the book's publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Rediscovery",
"text": "The 1977 biography was followed in 1978 by the re-issue of Their Eyes Were Watching God."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel by American writer Zora Neale Hurston."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations and influences",
"text": "Hurston wrote Their Eyes Were Watching God three weeks after the tumultuous conclusion of her relationship with Punter."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Masculinity and femininity",
"text": "Scholars argue that, in Their Eyes Were Watching God, the role of masculinity is portrayed through the subordination and objectification of women."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations and influences",
"text": "Perhaps the strongest inspiration for Hurston's writing of Their Eyes Were Watching God was her former lover Percival Punter."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for theater, film and radio",
"text": "Oprah Winfrey served as executive producer of the made-for-TV adaptation Their Eyes Were Watching God in 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations and influences",
"text": "The all-black Eatonville of Their Eyes Were Watching God is based on the all-black town of the same name in which Hurston grew up."
}
] |
Their Eyes Were Watching God was written in the late 1930s.
| 0 | 0 |
Their Eyes Were Watching God
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Finishing his military schooling at Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, Chiang served in the Imperial Japanese Army from 1909 to 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949"
}
] |
5pzAG5kuifHwP0fiFDxC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "He began his military training at the Baoding Military Academy in 1906, the same year Japan left its bimetallic currency standard, devaluing its yen."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Treatment and use of Japanese soldiers",
"text": "Reportedly, General Okamura, before surrendering command of all Japanese military forces in Nanjing, offered Chiang control of all 1.5 million Japanese military and civilian support staff then present in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Finishing his military schooling at Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, Chiang served in the Imperial Japanese Army from 1909 to 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Chiang decided to pursue a military career."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "During his first visit to Japan to pursue a military career from April 1906 to later that year, he describes himself having strong nationalistic feelings with a desire among other things to, 'expel the Manchu Qing and to restore China'."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Treatment and use of Japanese soldiers",
"text": "Many top nationalist generals, including Chiang, had studied and trained in Japan before the Nationalists had returned to the mainland in the 1920s, and maintained close personal friendships with top Japanese officers."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "Having lost most of China's economic and industrial centers, Chiang withdrew into the hinterlands, stretching the Japanese supply lines and bogging down Japanese soldiers in the vast Chinese interior."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | On Taiwan | Regime",
"text": "a native Taiwanese, would, in the 1980s and 1990s, increase native Taiwanese representation in the government and loosen the many authoritarian controls of the early era of ROC control in Taiwan."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Treatment and use of Japanese soldiers",
"text": "In 1945, when Japan surrendered, Chiang's Chongqing government was ill-equipped and ill-prepared to reassert its authority in formerly Japanese-occupied China, and it asked the Japanese to postpone their surrender until Kuomintang (KMT) authority could arrive to take over."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "The Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in July 1937, and in August of that year Chiang sent 600,000 of his best-trained and equipped soldiers to defend Shanghai."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949"
}
] |
Chiang was a native of Japan and a soldier of the Japanese military.
| 1 | 5 |
Chiang Kai-shek
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles was set to attend an opening of the completed film, but died of liver disease in June 2004, months prior to the premiere."
}
] |
5q8qdDShmNG714FR1qhn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Ray was released in theaters on October 29, 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles was set to attend an opening of the completed film, but died of liver disease in June 2004, months prior to the premiere."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "In reality, she died in 1973 of a heroin overdose."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "In the film, Margie Hendricks dies in 1964-5."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ray is a 2004 American biographical film focusing on 30 years in the life of rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Touring across the chitlin circuit, the soulful singer gained a reputation before exploding onto the worldwide stage when he pioneered the incorporation of rhythm and blues, rock and roll, gospel, country, jazz and orchestral influences into his inimitable style."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \"An engrossing and energetic portrait of a great musician's achievements and foibles, Ray is anchored by Jamie Foxx's stunning performance as Ray Charles.\" CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare \"A+\" grade."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Raised on a sharecropping plantation in Northern Florida, Ray Charles Robinson went blind at the age of seven, shortly after witnessing his younger brother drown."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "\" Examples of the fictionalized scenes include: The film's portrayal of Charles' brother George's death in 1935 shows him drowning in a metal tub after Ray doesn't attempt to rescue him because he assumes he is just playing; Ray's mother then discovers George drowning when calling the boys in for dinner."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Ray debuted at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival."
}
] |
Ray Charles died before the movie was released.
| 3 | 5 |
Ray (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (simplified Chinese: 卧虎藏龙; traditional Chinese: 臥虎藏龍; pinyin: Wò hǔ cáng lóng) is a 2000 wuxia film directed by Ang Lee and written by Wang Hui-ling, James Schamus and Kuo Jung Tsai, based on the Chinese novel by Wang Dulu."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and Interpretations | Title",
"text": "The name \"Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon\" is a literal translation of the Chinese idiom \"臥虎藏龙\" which describes a place or situation that is full of unnoticed masters."
}
] |
5rnPGmYWHkM9IOJq4AYH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes and Interpretations | Title",
"text": "\" Besides, The title Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon has several layers of meanings."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "A direct-to-television sequel to the film, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny, was released in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "The latter was released in 2004 as New Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon for US and Canadian release."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The story presented in the film is adapted and condensed from the storyline of the fourth book in the series, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, which is based on an early 20th century novel by Wang Dulu, unfolds much like a comic book, with the characters and their circumstances being painted using wide brush strokes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was very well received in the Western world, receiving numerous awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Counter-flow",
"text": "Wu and Chan (2007) look at Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon as somewhat of an example of \"counter-flow\", a film that has challenged Hollywood's grip on the film market."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "During its final week in release, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon opened in a distant 50th place with $37,233 in revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "The names of the pterosaur genus Kryptodrakon and the ceratopsian genus Yinlong (both meaning hidden dragon in Greek and Mandarin respectively) allude to the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and Interpretations | Title",
"text": "On another level, the Chinese idiomatic phrase “卧虎藏龙 ( Wo Hu Cang Long）” (Crouching tiger hidden dragon) is an expression referring to the undercurrents of emotion, passion, and secret desires that lie beneath the surface of polite society and civil behavior, which alludes to the film's storyline."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (simplified Chinese: 卧虎藏龙; traditional Chinese: 臥虎藏龍; pinyin: Wò hǔ cáng lóng) is a 2000 wuxia film directed by Ang Lee and written by Wang Hui-ling, James Schamus and Kuo Jung Tsai, based on the Chinese novel by Wang Dulu."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and Interpretations | Title",
"text": "The name \"Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon\" is a literal translation of the Chinese idiom \"臥虎藏龙\" which describes a place or situation that is full of unnoticed masters."
}
] |
The 2000 film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon comes from a phrase meaning be ready for hidden enemies.
| 0 | 0 |
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Debs ran as a Socialist candidate for President of the United States five times, including 1900 (earning 0.6% of the popular vote), 1904 (3.0%), 1908 (2.8%), 1912 (6.0%) and 1920 (3.4%), the last time from a prison cell."
}
] |
5sLyzsxfF1HDI2f38Oix
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Victor \"Gene\" Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Incarceration",
"text": "Debs ran for president in the 1920 election while in prison in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Selected Works of Eugene V. Debs."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Audio version. Letters of Eugene V. Debs."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Presidential elections",
"text": "Along with Elliott, who ran for Congress in 1900, Debs was the first federal office candidate for the fledgling socialist party, running unsuccessfully for president the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Presidential elections",
"text": "The size of the vote is nevertheless remarkable since Debs was at the time a federal prisoner in jail for sedition, though he promised to pardon himself if elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Debs ran as a Socialist candidate for President of the United States five times, including 1900 (earning 0.6% of the popular vote), 1904 (3.0%), 1908 (2.8%), 1912 (6.0%) and 1920 (3.4%), the last time from a prison cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Eugene V. Debs Cooperative House in Ann Arbor, Michigan was named after Debs."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Presidential elections",
"text": "In both 1904 and 1908, Debs ran with running-mate Ben Hanford."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "—Abridged single volume version published as Gentle Rebel: Letters of Eugene V. Debs. (1995)."
}
] |
Eugene V. Debs was an American socialist that ran for president in five straight elections and was in jail for the 5th one.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugene V. Debs
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel received little critical attention when it first appeared but has since come to be appreciated as a classic work of \"low comedy and high seriousness\" with disturbing religious themes."
}
] |
5srcm7NoSFSTX6hm06kP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wise Blood is the first novel by American author Flannery O'Connor, published in 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Flannery O'Connor then published it as a complete novel in 1952, and Signet advertised it as \"A Searching Novel of Sin and Redemption.\" In the introduction to the 10th anniversary publication of Wise Blood, O'Connor states that the book is about freedom, free will, life and death, and the inevitability of belief."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel concerns a returning World War II veteran who, haunted by a lifelong crisis of faith, resolves to form an anti-religious ministry in an eccentric, fictionalized Southern city after finding his family homestead abandoned without a trace."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "From the Soap Factory website: \"Visual artist Chris Larson and composer Anthony Gatto join forces to bring the darkly humorous world of Flannery O'Connor's WISE BLOOD to life."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "An immersive opera and gallery installation, WISE BLOOD [1],"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "WISE BLOOD features an incredibly diverse cast of performers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel received little critical attention when it first appeared but has since come to be appreciated as a classic work of \"low comedy and high seriousness\" with disturbing religious themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary context",
"text": "Wise Blood began with four separate stories published in Mademoiselle, Sewanee Review, and Partisan Review in 1948 and 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "\" The incident causes Emery's \"wise blood\" to give him some inarticulated revelation, and he seeks out a program of the \"gorilla's\" future appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Emery introduces Motes to the concept of \"wise blood,\" an idea that he has innate, worldly knowledge of what direction to take in life, and requires no spiritual or emotional guidance."
}
] |
Wise Blood is the only novel by Irish author Flannery O'Connor about highly religious thoughts and the necessity of faith.
| 0 | 0 |
Wise Blood
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "He was then found guilty of treason by a military court and executed."
}
] |
5trEKmnJLBTMKqnXWk47
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Hidalgo's parents had three other sons; José Joaquín, Manuel Mariano, and José María, before their mother died when Hildalgo was nine years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the battle, Hidalgo and his remaining troops fled north, but Hidalgo was betrayed, captured and executed."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The town of his parish was renamed Dolores Hidalgo in his honor and the state of Hidalgo was created in 1869."
},
{
"section_header": "Parish priest in Dolores",
"text": "Hidalgo lobbied against these practices."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "Hidalgo was met with an outpouring of support."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He is the namesake of Hidalgo County, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "Consequently, Hidalgo was the leader of undisciplined rebels."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "However, Hidalgo was furious when he found the cathedral locked to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Hidalgo was the second-born child of Don Cristóbal Hidalgo y Costilla and Doña Ana María Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "From Guanajuato, Hidalgo directed his troops to Valladolid, Michoacán."
},
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "He was then found guilty of treason by a military court and executed."
}
] |
Hidalgo died from an unknown disease.
| 1 | 5 |
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Various other authors have published additional verses or claimed credit for originating the John Brown lyrics and tune."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the tune",
"text": "Some researchers have maintained that the tune's roots go back to a \"Negro folk song\", an African-American wedding song from Georgia, or to a British sea shanty that originated as a Swedish drinking song."
}
] |
5u6tQUW7X5VkRfYWdZcm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | William Steffe",
"text": "The original verse for the song was \"Say, Bummers,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"John Brown's Body\" (originally known as \"John Brown's Song\") is a United States marching song about the abolitionist John Brown."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Other claimants",
"text": "\" \"Shoo, Fly Don't Bother Me,\" and \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home,\"—and to have played a role in the composition of Swanee River.) In the late 1800s, during the song's height of popularity, a number of other authors claimed to have played a part in the origin of the song."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Various other authors have published additional verses or claimed credit for originating the John Brown lyrics and tune."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the tune",
"text": "Some researchers have maintained that the tune's roots go back to a \"Negro folk song\", an African-American wedding song from Georgia, or to a British sea shanty that originated as a Swedish drinking song."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | \"Tiger\" Battalion writes the lyrics; Kimball's account",
"text": "These ditties underwent various ramifications, until eventually the lines were reached,— And,— These lines seemed to give general satisfaction, the idea that Brown's soul was \"marching on\" receiving recognition at once as having a germ of inspiration in it."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Thomas Brigham Bishop",
"text": "Maine songwriter, musician, band leader, and Union soldier Thomas Brigham Bishop (1835–1905) has also been credited as the originator of the John Brown Song, notably by promoter James MacIntyre in a 1916 book and 1935 interview. (Bishop also claimed to have written \"Kitty Wells,"
},
{
"section_header": "Lyrics | \"John Brown's Body\" (a number of versions closely similar to this published in 1861) | Version attributed to William Weston Patton",
"text": "Note: While many internet sources attribute these lyrics to abolitionist William Weston Patton, citing the appearance of these lyrics on the Chicago Tribune, December 16, 1861, the newspaper entry, authored by Plebs with the title \"War Songs for the Army and the People—Number 2,\" contains no reference to Patton."
},
{
"section_header": "Lyrics",
"text": "The trend towards ever more elaborate rhythmic variations of the original melody became even more pronounced in the later versions of the \"John Brown Song\" and in the \"Battle Hymn of the Republic\", which have far more words and syllables per verse than the early versions."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Other claimants",
"text": "As Annie J. Randall wrote, \"Multiple authors, most of them anonymous, borrowed the tune from \"Say, Brothers\", gave it new texts, and used it to hail Brown's terrorist war to abolish the centuries-old practice of slavery in America.\" This continual re-use and spontaneous adaptation of existing words and tunes is an important feature of the oral folk music tradition that \"Say, Brothers\" and the \"John Brown Song\" were embedded in and no one would have begrudged their use or re-use of these folk materials."
}
] |
The song "John Brown's Body" has a mix of ideas and authors that assert knowledge about the origin of the song.
| 0 | 0 |
John Brown's Body
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "For over 100 years, the Yankees and Boston Red Sox Yankees have been intense rivals."
}
] |
5uE3kk61jjAMm4rdNx7B
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "For over 100 years, the Yankees and Boston Red Sox Yankees have been intense rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "Since the inception of the wild card team and an added Division Series, the rivals have met in the playoffs four times (with the Yankees winning the 1999 and 2003 American League Championship Series and the Red Sox winning in 2004 American League Championship Series and the 2018 American League Division Series) In addition, the teams have twice met in the last regular-season series of a season to decide the league title, in 1904 (when the Red Sox won) and 1949 (when the Yankees won).The teams also finished tied for first in 1978, when the Yankees won a high-profile tiebreaker game for the division title."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–2007: Core Four: Jeter, Posada, Pettitte, and Rivera",
"text": "In the ALCS, the Yankees met the Boston Red Sox again, and became the first team in professional baseball history, and only the third team in North American professional sports history, to lose a best-of-seven series after taking a 3–0 series lead."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "The Yankees–Red Sox rivalry is one of the oldest, most famous, and fiercest rivalries in professional sports."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1903–1912: Move to New York and the Highlanders years",
"text": "In 1904, they lost the deciding game to the Boston Americans, who later became the Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–2007: Core Four: Jeter, Posada, Pettitte, and Rivera",
"text": "The ALCS was the Yankees' first postseason meeting with the rival Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Team nicknames",
"text": "Critics often refer to the team and the organization as \"the Evil Empire\", a term applied to the Yankees by Boston Red Sox president Larry Lucchino in a 2002 interview with the New York Times."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1903–1912: Move to New York and the Highlanders years",
"text": "The team was named the New York Highlanders."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "The Red Sox comeback was the only time in MLB history that a team has come back from a 0–3 deficit to win a postseason series."
}
] |
The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team that rivals the Red Sox
| 0 | 0 |
New York Yankees
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2017, there were 377,557 adult Quakers, 49 per cent of them being in Africa."
}
] |
5uIope2eb4mSrLsWLXKz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "National and international divisions and organisation | Africa",
"text": "The highest concentration of Quakers is in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "National and international divisions and organisation | Africa",
"text": "In 2012, there were 196,800 adult Quakers in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "National and international divisions and organisation | Africa",
"text": "The Friends of East Africa were at one time part of a single East Africa Yearly Meeting, then the world's largest yearly meeting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first Quakers lived in mid-17th-century England."
},
{
"section_header": "National and international divisions and organisation | Africa",
"text": "Friends meet in Rwanda and Burundi, as well as new work beginning in North Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "National and international divisions and organisation | Africa",
"text": "Small unprogrammed meetings exist also in Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa and Zimbabwe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Quakers focused their private lives on developing behaviour and speech reflecting emotional purity and the light of God."
},
{
"section_header": "Practical theology | Calendar and church holidays",
"text": "For example, many Quakers feel that fasting at Lent, but then eating in excess at other times of the year is hypocrisy and therefore many Quakers, rather than observing Lent, live a simple lifestyle"
},
{
"section_header": "Practical theology",
"text": "Quakers bear witness or testify to their religious beliefs in their spiritual lives, drawing on the James advice that faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Theology | Liberal",
"text": "They often emphasise pacifism, treating others equally, living simply and telling the truth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2017, there were 377,557 adult Quakers, 49 per cent of them being in Africa."
}
] |
All the Quakers live in Africa.
| 0 | 0 |
Quakers
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published anonymously; By A Lady appears on the title page where the author's name might have been."
}
] |
5uONKq2emh9WgNUwKtqB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Gene Ruoff's book Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility explores these issues in a book-length discussion of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published anonymously; By A Lady appears on the title page where the author's name might have been."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Main characters",
"text": "She represents the \"sense\" half of Austen's title Sense and Sensibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Ruoff observes that, within the linear family, the order of male birth decides issues of eligibility and merit."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Sense and Sensibility criticism also includes ecocritical approaches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen, published in 1811."
},
{
"section_header": "Development of the novel",
"text": "She later changed the form to a narrative and the title to Sense and Sensibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "In the chapter \"Sense and Sensibility: Opinions Too Common and Too Dangerous\" from her book Jane"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": ", Claudia Johnson also gives a feminist reading of Sense and Sensibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Austen biographer Claire Tomalin argues that Sense and Sensibility has a \"wobble in its approach\", which developed because Austen, in the course of writing the novel, gradually became less certain about whether sense or sensibility should triumph."
}
] |
Sense and Sensibility was issued anonymously.
| 5 | 7 |
Sense and Sensibility
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure and adjacent areas | Layout and modifications",
"text": "The death strip was covered with raked sand or gravel, rendering footprints easy to notice, easing the detection of trespassers and also enabling officers to see which guards had neglected their task; it offered no cover; and, most importantly, it offered clear fields of fire for the Wall guards."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961 | Secondary response",
"text": "Such fatalities were later treated as acts of murder by the reunified Germany."
}
] |
5uU3qXwO5ee6sjwLmdFw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961 | Secondary response",
"text": "Such fatalities were later treated as acts of murder by the reunified Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "To ease the difficulties, the politburo led by Krenz decided on 9 November to allow refugees to exit directly through crossing points between East Germany and West Germany, including between East and West Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Defection attempts",
"text": "The East Germans then built zig-zagging roads at checkpoints."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural differences",
"text": "A 2009 poll conducted by Russia's VTsIOM, found that more than half of all Russians do not know who built the Berlin Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural differences",
"text": "Ten percent of people surveyed thought Berlin residents built it themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and adjacent areas | Layout and modifications",
"text": "The death strip was covered with raked sand or gravel, rendering footprints easy to notice, easing the detection of trespassers and also enabling officers to see which guards had neglected their task; it offered no cover; and, most importantly, it offered clear fields of fire for the Wall guards."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and adjacent areas | Layout and modifications",
"text": "In June 1962, a second, parallel fence, also known as a “hinterland” wall (inner wall), was built some 100 metres (110 yd) farther into East German territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961",
"text": "Later, the initial barrier was built up into the Wall proper, the first concrete elements and large blocks being put in place on 17 August."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961",
"text": "The barrier was built inside East Berlin or East German territory to ensure that it did not encroach on West Berlin at any point."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural differences",
"text": "Six percent said Western powers built it and four percent thought it was a \"bilateral initiative\" of the Soviet Union and the West."
}
] |
The wall was built for ease of murder.
| 2 | 4 |
Berlin Wall
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanton considered the Seneca Falls Convention to be the beginning of the women's rights movement, an opinion that was echoed in the History of Woman Suffrage, which Stanton co-wrote."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "In the early 1870s, Stanton and Anthony began to present Seneca Falls as the beginning of the women's rights movement, an origin story that downplayed Stone's role."
}
] |
5uWBJDTjltONwE3qHcC0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanton considered the Seneca Falls Convention to be the beginning of the women's rights movement, an opinion that was echoed in the History of Woman Suffrage, which Stanton co-wrote."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Women's rights",
"text": "The experiment failed. In the fall of 1841, Elizabeth Cady Stanton gave her first public speech, on the subject of the Temperance movement, in front of 100 women in Seneca Falls."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "Pointing out that the women's rights movement could be said to have begun even earlier than Seneca Falls, Tetrault said the History of Woman Suffrage dealt with these earlier events relatively briefly in its first three chapters, the first of which is titled \"Preceding Causes.\" In the volume, Stanton did not mention the Liberty Party's plank on woman suffrage pre-dating the Seneca Falls Convention by a month, and she did not describe the Worcester National Women's Rights Convention, organized by Stone and Davis in 1850, as the beginning of the women's rights movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "In the early 1870s, Stanton and Anthony began to present Seneca Falls as the beginning of the women's rights movement, an origin story that downplayed Stone's role."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "She positioned the Seneca Falls meeting as her own political debut, and characterized it as the beginning of the women's rights movement, which she called \"the greatest movement for human liberty recorded on the pages of history—a demand for freedom to one-half the entire race."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Further conventions",
"text": "Unlike the Seneca Falls convention, the Rochester convention took the controversial step of electing a woman, Abigail Bush, as its presiding officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "According to Lisa Tetrault, a professor of women's history, the Seneca Falls Convention was central to their rendition of the movement's history."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Women's rights",
"text": "They talked once more in 1847, prior to Stanton moving from Boston to Seneca Falls."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Further conventions",
"text": "In the next two years, \"the infancy ... of the movement\", other local and state women's rights conventions were called in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania."
}
] |
The Seneca Falls Convention lead to other women's rights movements.
| 2 | 5 |
Seneca Falls Convention
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He received four Oscar nominations for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Boyer never won an Oscar, though he was nominated for Best Actor four times in Conquest (1937), Algiers (1938), Gaslight (1944) and Fanny (1961), the latter also winning him a nomination for the Laurel Awards for Top Male Dramatic Performance."
}
] |
5ujNezamtz6epF2LfToZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Broadway",
"text": "It was directed by actor Charles Laughton."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He received four Oscar nominations for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "He was nominated for the Golden Globe as Best Actor for the 1952 film The Happy Time; and also nominated for the Emmy for Best Continuing Performance by an Actor in a Dramatic Series for his work in Four Star Playhouse (1952–1956)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Boyer never won an Oscar, though he was nominated for Best Actor four times in Conquest (1937), Algiers (1938), Gaslight (1944) and Fanny (1961), the latter also winning him a nomination for the Laurel Awards for Top Male Dramatic Performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1960s",
"text": "He was nominated for the Tony Award as Best Actor (Dramatic) in the 1963 Broadway production of Lord Pengo, which ran for 175 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Boyer (French: [bwaje]; 28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Universal",
"text": "He was Warners highest paid actor at this stage earning $205,000 in 1945.In 1947, he was the voice of Capt."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1970s",
"text": "Boyer's final credits included the musical remake of Lost Horizon (1973) and the French film Stavisky (1974), starring Jean-Paul Belmondo, the latter winning him the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor, and also received the Special Tribute at Cannes Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Walter Wanger",
"text": "Boyer's fee for the latter was $150,000 but with all the re-takes he wound up earning $450,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography | Television",
"text": "What's My Line? (4 episodes, 1957–1958, 1962–1963) as Himself - Mystery Guest"
}
] |
Charles Boyer was an actor that accumulated 4 best male actor recognition's but didn't ever take home the gold trophy .
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Boyer
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He studied at the Vienna Conservatory under Anton Bruckner,"
}
] |
5v4oQO1Ot2xPwcPp4gV6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "As a result, he left music to study medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He studied at the Vienna Conservatory under Anton Bruckner,"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Kreisler was born in Vienna, the son of Anna (née Reaches) and Samuel Kreisler, a doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He then returned to Austria and applied for a position in the Vienna Philharmonic, but was turned down by the concertmaster Arnold Rosé."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He wrote the music for the 1936 movie The King Steps Out directed by Josef von Sternberg, based on the early years of Empress Elisabeth of Austria."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it derived in many respects from the Franco-Belgian school, his style is nonetheless reminiscent of the gemütlich (cozy) lifestyle of pre-war Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Broadway",
"text": "May 2, 1945. Apple Blossoms (1919) – operetta – co-composer; Continental Varieties (1934) – revue – featured composer for \"Caprice Viennois\" and \"La Gitana\"; Reunion in New York (1940) – revue – featured composer for \"Stars in Your Eyes\"; Rhapsody (1944) – musical – composer."
}
] |
He learned music in Vienna.
| 0 | 0 |
Fritz Kreisler
|
Technology
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions",
"text": "Former employees, current employees, the media, and politicians have criticized Amazon for poor working conditions at the company."
}
] |
5vNRKoEMx3FDc1r3Y91w
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions",
"text": "where people having breakdowns is a regular occurrence."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions",
"text": "Former employees, current employees, the media, and politicians have criticized Amazon for poor working conditions at the company."
},
{
"section_header": "Website | Third-party sellers",
"text": "The decision ran counter to a past lower court ruling that had favored Amazon."
},
{
"section_header": "Response to COVID-19 pandemic | Employee protests during COVID-19",
"text": "Despite workers at 19 warehouses in the US having tested positive for COVID-19, Amazon did not shut down warehouses, only doing so when forced by the government or because of protests."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions",
"text": "\"On July 15, 2019, during the onset of Amazon's \"Prime Day\" sale event, Amazon employees working in the United States and Germany went on strike in protest of unfair wages and poor working conditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions",
"text": "The handheld scanners give real-time information to the employee on how quickly or slowly they are working; the scanners also serve to allow Team Leads and Area Managers to track the specific locations of employees and"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions",
"text": "In March 2015, it was reported in The Verge that Amazon will be removing non-compete clauses of 18 months in length from its US employment contracts for hourly-paid workers, after criticism that it was acting unreasonably in preventing such employees from finding other work."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions",
"text": "At the same time, Amazon also eliminated stock awards and bonuses for hourly employees."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Comments by Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders",
"text": "One such story, by James Bloodworth, described the environment as akin to \"a low-security prison\" and stated that the company's culture used an Orwellian newspeak."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions",
"text": "how much \"idle time\" they gain when not working."
}
] |
Past employees have praised Amazon for a great and comfortable working environment.
| 5 | 7 |
Amazon (company)
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It connected Rome to Brindisi, in southeast Italy."
}
] |
5w678gY4x0O9LpKBSO39
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the road fell out of use; Pope Pius VI ordered its restoration."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | The need for roads",
"text": "The Appian Way was a Roman road used as a main route for military supplies since its construction for that purpose in 312 BC.The Appian Way was the first long road built specifically to transport troops outside the smaller region of greater Rome (this was essential to the Romans)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: Via Appia) is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It connected Rome to Brindisi, in southeast Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road",
"text": "The main part of the Appian Way was started and finished in 312 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "The old Appian Way close to Rome is now a free tourist attraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"the Appian Way the queen of the long roads\" The road is named after Appius Claudius Caecus, the Roman censor who began and completed the first section as a military road to the south in 312 BC during the Samnite Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Apulia and Calabria | Rediscovery",
"text": "In the first half of the 20th century, the professor of ancient Roman topography Giuseppe Lugli managed to discover, with the then innovative technique of photogrammetry, what probably was the route of the Appian Way from Gravina in Puglia (Silvium) up to Taranto."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "A new Appian Way was built in parallel with the old one in 1784 as far as the Alban Hills region."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Della Portella, Ivana. Della Portella, Ivana. 2004. The Appian Way: From Its Foundation to the Middle Ages."
}
] |
The Appian Way did connect the Southwest of the Roman empire to the Northwest of the Roman empire.
| 1 | 7 |
Appian Way
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A five-time All-Star and seven-time Gold Glove winner, Mussina's consistency resulted in six top-five finishes in the voting for his league's Cy Young Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Other career achievements",
"text": "Seven-time Gold Glove award winner."
}
] |
5w6nDqptxKChLGawp0Pk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Cole Mussina (born December 8, 1968), nicknamed \"Moose\", is an American former baseball starting pitcher who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1991–2000) and the New York Yankees (2001–2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Other career achievements",
"text": "Seven-time Gold Glove award winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2000",
"text": "Mussina also won his 1st Gold Glove that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees | 2005–2008",
"text": "On November 6, he was awarded his seventh career Gold Glove Award, and the third in his career with the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees | 2005–2008",
"text": "His 67.6% first-strike-percentage was the highest among major league starters."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2000",
"text": "He finished 6th in the American League Cy Young Award voting and won his 2nd consecutive Gold Glove."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2000",
"text": "He committed just one error out of 61 total chances and won his 4th consecutive Gold Glove, further cementing his reputation as one of the top defensive pitchers in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees | 2005–2008",
"text": "On September 18, Mussina notched his 18th victory of the season and led the Yankees to a 9–2 victory over the first place White Sox in his final start at Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2000",
"text": "Mussina won his 3rd consecutive Gold Glove with a perfect 1.000 fielding percentage out of 50 total chances."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees | 2005–2008",
"text": "On September 28, he won 20 games for the first time at the age of 39, with a 6–2 win over the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park, becoming the oldest first-time 20 game winner in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A five-time All-Star and seven-time Gold Glove winner, Mussina's consistency resulted in six top-five finishes in the voting for his league's Cy Young Award."
}
] |
Mike Mussina played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1991–2000) and the New York Yankees (2001–2008), and is a five-time All-Star and six-time Gold Glove winner.
| 0 | 0 |
Mike Mussina
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System, with a mean surface temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F), even though Mercury is closer to the Sun."
}
] |
5w9cGNbA7D5wDA66mXVb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Venus is a terrestrial planet and is sometimes called Earth's \"sister planet\" because of their similar size, mass, proximity to the Sun, and bulk composition."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "The planet is bright enough to be seen in a clear midday sky and is more easily visible when the Sun is low on the horizon or setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a rotation period of 243 Earth days, it takes longer to rotate about its axis than any other planet in the Solar System and does so in the opposite direction to all but Uranus (meaning the Sun rises in the west and sets in the east)."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation",
"text": "To an observer on the surface of Venus, the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east, although Venus's opaque clouds prevent observing the Sun from the planet's surface."
},
{
"section_header": "In culture",
"text": "The planet Venus appears to make a similar descent, setting in the West and then rising again in the East."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Venus is the second planet from the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System, with a mean surface temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F), even though Mercury is closer to the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Venus lies within Earth's orbit, and so never appears to venture far from the Sun, either setting in the west just after dusk or rising in the east a bit before dawn."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "As an inferior planet, it always lies within about 47° of the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Studies | Early studies",
"text": "Because the movements of Venus appear to be discontinuous (it disappears due to its proximity to the sun, for many days at a time, and then reappears on the other horizon), some cultures did not recognize Venus as single entity; instead, they assumed it to be two separate stars on each horizon: the morning and evening star."
}
] |
This planet sets record temperatures because of it's proximity to the sun.
| 2 | 7 |
Venus
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play takes place on a single day in August 1912, from around 8:30 a.m. to midnight."
}
] |
5wgeNbj4y7qpyVSMYIM6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Productions | Other notable productions",
"text": "Certain performances took place over the course of entire days at the approximate times that the scenes take place to utilize natural lighting."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act III",
"text": "Then, as often happens in the play, Mary and James try to get over their animosity and attempt to express their love for one another by remembering happier days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The \"Long Day\" refers to the setting of the play, which takes place during one day."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the play",
"text": "\"We refused, of course,\" wrote publisher Bennett Cerf in his memoirs, \"but then were horrified to learn that legally all the cards were in her hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play takes place on a single day in August 1912, from around 8:30 a.m. to midnight."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the play",
"text": "\"O'Neill did not copyright the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act IV",
"text": "Edmund talks to his father about sailing and of his aspiration to become a great writer one day."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the play",
"text": "He did not want it ever produced as a play, and did not even want it published during his lifetime, writing to his friend, the critic George Jean Nathan: \"There are good reasons in the play itself... why I'm keeping this one very much to myself, as you will appreciate when you read it."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "Living-room of the Tyrones' summer home, 8:30 am on a day in August, 1912James Tyrone is a 65-year-old actor who had long ago bought a \"vehicle\" play for himself and had established his reputation based on this one role with which he had toured for years."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the play",
"text": "Soon after O'Neill's death, his widow Carlotta Monterey demanded that Random House contravene O'Neill's explicit wishes and publish the play at once."
}
] |
The play is over the course of a few days.
| 0 | 0 |
Long Day's Journey Into Night
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Southworth had a son, Billy Southworth Jr., and a cousin, Bill Southworth, who both played professional baseball."
}
] |
5xDdqaziLHmWHPh0RfuI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Billy Southworth Jr. later became a professional baseball player for several seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Southworth had a son, Billy Southworth Jr., and a cousin, Bill Southworth, who both played professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "He had four older brothers who played baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He is also a member of the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Southworth decided to play baseball against his father's wishes."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "The couple's son, William Brooks Southworth, was born during Southworth's early playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Southworth was elected after receiving 13 votes from the 16-member Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Cardinals",
"text": "However, another personal family tragedy struck when on February 15, 1945, his son, Billy Jr., by then a United States Army Air Forces major, died when his Boeing B-29 Superfortress crashed into Flushing Bay, New York after taking off from Mitchel Field, New York, on a training flight to Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "Late in the season, Southworth received word that Billy Jr. had been accidentally shot by a neighbor in Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Southworth was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2008."
}
] |
Members of Billy Southworth's family played baseball at a professional level.
| 1 | 3 |
Billy Southworth
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cleopatra VII Philopator (Koinē Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ, Kleopátra Philopátōr; 69 – 10 or 12 August 30 BC) was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt."
}
] |
5xMfidzpiOI2tPQ089Dj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Downfall and death",
"text": "Cleopatra had Caesarion enter into the ranks of the ephebi, which, along with reliefs on a stele from Koptos dated 21 September 31 BC, demonstrated that Cleopatra was now grooming her son to become the sole ruler of Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cleopatra VII Philopator (Koinē Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ, Kleopátra Philopátōr; 69 – 10 or 12 August 30 BC) was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Cleopatra V (or VI) was expelled from the court of Ptolemy XII in late 69 BC, a few months after the birth of Cleopatra, while Ptolemy XII's three younger children were all born during the absence of his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early childhood",
"text": "Cleopatra VII was born in early 69 BC to the ruling Ptolemaic pharaoh Ptolemy XII and an unknown mother, presumably Ptolemy XII's wife Cleopatra VI Tryphaena (also known as Cleopatra V Tryphaena), the mother of Cleopatra's older sister, Berenice IV Epiphaneia."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early childhood",
"text": "Cleopatra Tryphaena disappears from official records a few months after the birth of Cleopatra in 69 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "The confused accounts in ancient primary sources have also led scholars to number Ptolemy XII's wife as either Cleopatra V or Cleopatra VI; the latter may have actually been a daughter of Ptolemy XII, and some use her as an indication that Cleopatra V had died in 69 BC rather than reappearing as a co-ruler with Berenice IV in 58 BC (during Ptolemy XII's exile in Rome)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Relationship with Julius Caesar",
"text": "Caesar departed from Egypt around April 47 BC, allegedly to confront Pharnaces II of Pontus, the son of Mithridates VI of Pontus', who was stirring up trouble for Rome in Anatolia."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Relationship with Julius Caesar",
"text": "However, Caesar's will named his grandnephew Octavian as the primary heir, and Octavian arrived in Italy around the same time Cleopatra decided to depart for Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Children and successors",
"text": "Cleopatra Selene II died around 5 BC, and when Juba II died in 23/24 AD he was succeeded by his son Ptolemy."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Accession to the throne",
"text": "By 29 August 51 BC, official documents started listing Cleopatra as the sole ruler, evidence that she had rejected her brother Ptolemy XIII as a co-ruler."
}
] |
Cleopatra was born around 69 BC to become ruler of Egypt.
| 1 | 4 |
Cleopatra
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the tale of a king who bequeaths his power and land to two of his three daughters, after they declare their love for him in an extremely fawning and obsequious manner."
}
] |
5xUIbl30QvLvGe2ALM9U
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and video",
"text": "In the 2012 romantic comedy If I Were You, there is a reference to the play when the lead characters are cast in a female version of King Lear set in modern times, with Marcia Gay Harden cast in the Lear role and Lenore Watling as \"the fool."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act IV",
"text": "Albany insists that they fight the French invaders but not harm Lear or Cordelia."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Christianity",
"text": "This is related to the way some sources cite that at the end of the narrative, King Lear raged against heaven before eventually dying in despair with the death of Cordelia."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Historicist interpretations",
"text": "King Lear is thus an allegory."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and video",
"text": "In 2008, a version of King Lear produced by the Royal Shakespeare Company premiered with Ian McKellen in the role of King Lear."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "As Bloom indicates: \"At the close of Shakespeare's revised King Lear, a reluctant Edgar becomes King of Britain, accepting his destiny but in the accents of despair."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 17th century",
"text": "And from the restoration until the mid-19th century the performance history of King Lear is not the story of Shakespeare's version, but instead of The History of King Lear, a popular adaptation by Nahum Tate."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and video",
"text": "Two screen versions of King Lear date from the early 1970s: Grigori Kozintsev's Korol Lir, and Peter Brook's film of King Lear, which stars Paul Scofield."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and video",
"text": "Carl Bessai wrote and directed a modern adaptation of King Lear titled The Lears."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the tale of a king who bequeaths his power and land to two of his three daughters, after they declare their love for him in an extremely fawning and obsequious manner."
}
] |
King Lear is about a king and his female offspring fighting against the Persians.
| 0 | 0 |
King Lear
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "Mack's 50-year tenure as Athletics manager is the most ever for a coach or manager with the same team in North American professional sports, and has never been seriously threatened."
}
] |
5xXRCdQqQRqDDbHGKkcs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "For instance, he kept Bender on the team payroll as a scout, minor league manager or coach from 1926 until Mack himself retired as owner-manager in 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "Simmons was a coach for many years after his retirement as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "Rube Waddell was the best pitcher and biggest gate attraction of Mack's first decade as the A's manager, so he put up with his drinking and general unreliability for years, until it began to bring the team down and the other players asked Mack to get rid of Waddell."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "That team was dispersed due to financial problems, from which Mack did not recover until the 20s, when he built his third great team."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Owner",
"text": "intended to have all three of them inherit the team after his death or retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Owner",
"text": "Jr. Although Roy and Earle had never gotten along with Connie, Jr., who was more than 20 years younger than them, Connie, Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Owner",
"text": "All told, the A's finished dead last in the AL seven years in a row from 1915 to 1921, and would not reach .500 again until 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "Mack's 50-year tenure as Athletics manager is the most ever for a coach or manager with the same team in North American professional sports, and has never been seriously threatened."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "He managed the Athletics through the 1950 season, compiling a record of 3,582–3,814 (.484) when he retired at 87."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Owner",
"text": "Over the next five years, the team crumbled to the bottom of the American League."
}
] |
Connie managed multiple teams for his 15 years until his retirement.
| 1 | 2 |
Connie Mack
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel is a 2014 comedy-drama film written and directed by Wes Anderson, which explores tragedy, war, fascism, nostalgia, friendship, and loyalty."
}
] |
5xysm44KamoJE1tnqSZR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Cinematography",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel uses three aspect ratios as framing devices which streamline the film's story, evoking the aesthetic of the corresponding periods."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "By March 2015, the film had sold 551,639 copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Set design",
"text": "\"Pastries are an important motif in The Grand Budapest Hotel story."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Cinematography",
"text": "Yeoman shot The Grand Budapest Hotel on 35 mm film using Kodak Vision3 200T 5213 film stock from a single Arricam Studio camera provided by Arri's Berlin office."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "According to the website's critical consensus, \"Typically stylish but deceptively thoughtful, The Grand Budapest Hotel finds Wes Anderson once again using ornate visual environments to explore deeply emotional ideas."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel ensemble comprised mostly bit cameos."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Saoirse Ronan joined The Grand Budapest Hotel in November 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel was considered a surprise box office success."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "In Paris, The Grand Budapest Hotel screenings were the weekend's biggest numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "A seventeen-actor ensemble received star billing in The Grand Budapest Hotel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel is a 2014 comedy-drama film written and directed by Wes Anderson, which explores tragedy, war, fascism, nostalgia, friendship, and loyalty."
}
] |
The Grand Budapest Hotel by William Anderk was used to show how easily drugs can be sold in hotels.
| 2 | 4 |
The Grand Budapest Hotel
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "Netflix service plans are currently divided into three price tiers; the lowest offers standard definition streaming on a single device, the second allows high definition streaming on two devices simultaneously, and the \"Platinum\" tier allows simultaneous streaming on up to four devices, and 4K streaming on supported devices and Internet connections."
}
] |
5ylFVfvPfVJ2h84fvpuw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "In January 2008, however, Netflix lifted this restriction, at which point virtually all rental-disc subscribers became entitled to unlimited streaming at no additional cost (however, subscribers on the restricted plan of two DVDs per month ($4.99) remained limited to two hours of streaming per month)."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "Netflix later split DVD rental subscriptions and streaming subscriptions into separate, standalone services, at which point the monthly caps on Internet streaming were lifted."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "In 2011, Netflix split its service pricing."
},
{
"section_header": "Finance and revenue | 2014",
"text": "The price increase took effect immediately for new subscribers, but would be delayed for two years for existing members."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "Netflix service plans are currently divided into three price tiers; the lowest offers standard definition streaming on a single device, the second allows high definition streaming on two devices simultaneously, and the \"Platinum\" tier allows simultaneous streaming on up to four devices, and 4K streaming on supported devices and Internet connections."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitors",
"text": "On July 22, 2007, Netflix dropped the prices of its two most popular plans by US$1.00 in an effort to better compete with Blockbuster's online-only offerings."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "Also, the two websites would require separate subscriptions."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | History",
"text": "On July 12, 2011, Netflix announced that it would separate its existing subscription plans into two separate plans: one covering the streaming and the other DVD rental services."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "The HD subscription plan historically cost US$7.99; in April 2014, Netflix announced that it would raise the price of this plan to $9.99 for new subscribers, but that existing customers would be grandfathered under this older price until May 2016, after which they could downgrade to the SD-only tier at the same price, or pay the higher fee for continued high definition access."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "In July 2016, a Netflix subscriber sued the company over the price increases, alleging he was told by a Netflix customer support representative in 2011 that they would pay the same price in perpetuity as long as they maintained their subscription continuously."
}
] |
There are two price points for the service.
| 2 | 4 |
Netflix
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Epidemiology",
"text": "A number of intestinal nematodes cause diseases affecting human beings, including ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm disease."
}
] |
5yxIdhQl6rFJb5d8A2tT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Epidemiology",
"text": "A number of intestinal nematodes cause diseases affecting human beings, including ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Plant-parasitic nematodes include several groups causing severe crop losses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The location of towns would be decipherable since, for every massing of human beings, there would be a corresponding massing of certain nematodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Dirofilaria immitis is known for causing heartworm disease by inhabiting the hearts, arteries, and lungs of dogs and some cats."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "The species Trichinella spiralis, commonly known as the 'trichina worm', occurs in rats, pigs, bears, and humans, and is responsible for the disease trichinosis."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Several phytoparasitic nematode species cause histological damages to roots, including the formation of visible galls (e.g. by root-knot nematodes), which are useful characters for their diagnostic in the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Epidemiology",
"text": "Filarial nematodes cause filariasis."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "A major effort to improve the systematics of this phylum is in progress and being organised by the 959 Nematode Genomes."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "The intestine has valves or sphincters at either end to help control the movement of food through the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third of the genera occur as parasites of vertebrates; about 35 nematode species occur in humans."
}
] |
Several intestinal nematodes can cause diseases affecting human beings.
| 4 | 8 |
Nematoda
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Hollywood legend has it that Frank Sinatra got the role in the film by means of his alleged Mafia connections, and it was the basis for a similar subplot in The Godfather."
}
] |
5z2fUg7gfWOb6WRr9FZk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Two songs are noteworthy: \"Re-Enlistment Blues\", and \"From Here to Eternity\", by Robert Wells and Fred Karger."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Frank Sinatra scores a decided hit as Angelo Maggio, a violent, likeable Italo-American GI."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2002, From Here to Eternity was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Hollywood legend has it that Frank Sinatra got the role in the film by means of his alleged Mafia connections, and it was the basis for a similar subplot in The Godfather."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film's title originates from Rudyard Kipling's 1892 poem \"Gentlemen-Rankers\", about soldiers of the British Empire who had \"lost [their] way\" and were \"damned from here to eternity\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The New York Post applauded Frank Sinatra, remarking, \"He proves he is an actor by playing the luckless Maggio with a kind of doomed gaiety that is both real and immensely touching.\" Newsweek also stated that, \"Frank Sinatra, a crooner long since turned actor, knew what he was doing when he plugged for the role of Maggio.\" John McCarten of The New Yorker concurred, writing that the film \"reveals that Frank Sinatra, in the part of Mr. Clift's best friend who winds up in the stockade, is a first-rate actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Opening to rave reviews, From Here to Eternity proved to be an instant hit with critics and public alike, the Southern California Motion Picture Council extolling: \"A motion picture so great in its starkly realistic and appealing drama that mere words cannot justly describe it.\" Variety agreed: The James Jones bestseller, From Here to Eternity, has become an outstanding motion picture in this smash screen adaptation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From Here to Eternity is a 1953 American drama romance war film directed by Fred Zinnemann, and written by Daniel Taradash, based on the 1951 novel of the same name by James Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "With a final gross of $30.5 million equating to earnings of $12.2 million, From Here to Eternity was not only one of the top-grossing films of 1953, but one of the ten highest-grossing films of the decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The picture deals with the tribulations of three U.S. Army soldiers, played by Burt Lancaster, Montgomery Clift, and Frank Sinatra, stationed on Hawaii in the months leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor."
}
] |
From Here to Eternity starred Frank Sinatra.
| 0 | 0 |
From Here to Eternity
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With over 267 million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country."
}
] |
600B4LrfogcbSelxKNra
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority country with 227 million adherents in 2017, with the majority being Sunnis (99%)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With over 267 million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "In common with most of the Muslim world, Indonesia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel and has actively supported Palestine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Indonesia is the world's largest island country and the 14th largest country by land area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "E. It is the largest archipelagic country in the world, extending 5,120 kilometres (3,181 mi) from east to west and 1,760 kilometres (1,094 mi) from north to south."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Indonesia is among the only five countries that have won the Thomas and Uber Cup, the world team championship of men's and women's badminton."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups and languages",
"text": "Another major grouping is the Melanesians, who inhabit eastern Indonesia (the Maluku Islands and Western New Guinea).The Javanese are the largest ethnic group, constituting 40.2% of the population, and are politically dominant."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "As the only G20 member state in Southeast Asia, the country has the largest economy in the region and is classified as a newly industrialised country."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environment",
"text": "A majority of Indonesia's population lives in low-lying coastal areas, including the capital Jakarta, the fastest-sinking city in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups and languages",
"text": "The Sundanese, Malay, Batak, Madurese, Minangkabau and Buginese are the next largest groups in the country."
}
] |
Indonesia is the largest Muslim majority country in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Indonesia
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life | Retirement and death",
"text": "Deep in despair and illness, Diocletian may have committed suicide on 3 December 311."
}
] |
609JhdPmTjNhFZGozkwZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Death of Numerian",
"text": "He asserted that Aper had killed Numerian and concealed it."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Conflict with Carinus",
"text": "In the course of the battle, Carinus was killed by his own men."
},
{
"section_header": "Tetrarchy | War with Persia | Invasion, counterinvasion",
"text": "Diocletian may or may not have been present at the battle, but he quickly divested himself of all responsibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Death of Numerian",
"text": "In full view of the army, Diocles drew his sword and killed Aper."
},
{
"section_header": "Early rule | Maximian made Augustus",
"text": "Carausius fled the Continent, proclaimed himself Augustus, and agitated Britain and northwestern Gaul into open revolt against Maximian and Diocletian."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Building on third-century trends towards absolutism, he styled himself an autocrat, elevating himself above the empire's masses with imposing forms of court ceremonies and architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Early rule",
"text": "In an act of clementia denoted by the epitomator Aurelius Victor as unusual, Diocletian did not kill or depose Carinus's traitorous praetorian prefect and consul Titus Claudius Aurelius Aristobulus, but confirmed him in both roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Diocletian delegated further on 1 March 293, appointing Galerius and Constantius as Caesars, junior co-emperors, under himself and Maximian respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Tetrarchy | Conflict in the Balkans and Egypt",
"text": "The usurper L. Domitius Domitianus declared himself Augustus in July or August 297."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Conflict with Carinus",
"text": "Julianus minted coins from the mint at Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) declaring himself emperor and promising freedom."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life | Retirement and death",
"text": "Deep in despair and illness, Diocletian may have committed suicide on 3 December 311."
}
] |
Diocletian killed himself.
| 0 | 0 |
Diocletian
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Stroboscope",
"text": "This is an intense repetitively flashing light (strobe light) whose frequency can be adjusted with a calibrated timing circuit."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Stroboscope",
"text": "The strobe light is pointed at the rotating object and the frequency adjusted up and down."
}
] |
60xRHlsdztXTm0jmt4Ve
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Stroboscope",
"text": "An older method of measuring the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Stroboscope",
"text": "A downside of this method is that an object rotating at an integral multiple of the strobing frequency will also appear stationary."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Stroboscope",
"text": "This is an intense repetitively flashing light (strobe light) whose frequency can be adjusted with a calibrated timing circuit."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Stroboscope",
"text": "The strobe light is pointed at the rotating object and the frequency adjusted up and down."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Stroboscope",
"text": "When the frequency of the strobe equals the frequency of the rotating or vibrating object, the object completes one cycle of oscillation and returns to its original position between the flashes of light, so when illuminated by the strobe the object appears stationary."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Stroboscope",
"text": "Then the frequency can be read from the calibrated readout on the stroboscope."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Heterodyne methods",
"text": "Current research is extending this method to infrared and light frequencies (optical heterodyne detection)."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Frequency counter",
"text": "This represents the limit of direct counting methods; frequencies above this must be measured by indirect methods."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Heterodyne methods",
"text": "This process only measures the difference between the unknown frequency and the reference frequency."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Heterodyne methods",
"text": "If the two signals are close together in frequency the heterodyne is low enough to be measured by a frequency counter."
}
] |
Before modern methods of measurement frequency was measured by a stroboscope which was essentially a strobe light.
| 1 | 2 |
Frequency
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Nero's inheritance was taken from him and he was sent to live with his paternal aunt Domitia Lepida the Younger, the mother of Claudius' third wife Valeria Messalina."
}
] |
61YxYdonymMPXfTeCXOK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Decline",
"text": "However, Nero's \"conduct became far more egregious\" after his mother's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the Younger, the sister of Emperor Caligula."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When he turned 16, Nero married Claudius' daughter (his own step-sister), Claudia Octavia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His maternal grandparents were Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder; his mother, Caligula's sister."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At least three leaders of short-lived, failed rebellions presented themselves as \"Nero reborn\" to enlist popular support."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Revolt of Vindex and Galba and Nero's death",
"text": "Indeed, most of the senators had served the imperial family all their lives and felt a sense of loyalty to the deified bloodline, if not to Nero himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Caligula then banished his two surviving sisters, Agrippina and Julia Livilla, to a remote island in the Mediterranean Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Caligula's beloved sister Drusilla had recently died and Caligula began to feel threatened by his brother-in-law Marcus Aemilius Lepidus."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Nero's inheritance was taken from him and he was sent to live with his paternal aunt Domitia Lepida the Younger, the mother of Claudius' third wife Valeria Messalina."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "Nor do I wonder at such as have told lies of Nero, since they have not in their writings preserved the truth of history as to those facts that were earlier than his time, even when the actors could have no way incurred their hatred, since those writers lived a long time after them."
}
] |
Nero lived with his mother's sister for a while.
| 2 | 3 |
Nero
|
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