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History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the bloodiest day in United States history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Antietam is sometimes cited as the bloodiest day in all of American history."
}
] |
4oTsSt09AxVXJ76SYs8C
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The bloodiest battle in American history was Gettysburg, but its more than 46,000 casualties occurred over three days."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Disposition of armies",
"text": "He arrived at this decision because of the configuration of bridges over the Antietam."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Antietam is sometimes cited as the bloodiest day in all of American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the bloodiest day in United States history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing."
},
{
"section_header": "Historic photographs and paintings | Mathew Brady's gallery, \"The Dead of Antietam\" (1862)",
"text": "Viewers examined details using a magnifying glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Afternoon phase | \"Burnside's Bridge\"",
"text": "It would become known to history as Burnside's Bridge because of the notoriety of the coming battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Afternoon phase | \"Burnside's Bridge\"",
"text": "Gen. Lee used this time to bolster his right flank."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The battle was over by 5:30 p.m."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Afternoon phase | \"Burnside's Bridge\"",
"text": "Maj. Gen. Jesse L. Reno (killed at South Mountain) and then Brig."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Afternoon phase | \"Burnside's Bridge\"",
"text": "After receiving punishing fire for 15 minutes, the Connecticut men withdrew with 139 casualties, one-third of their strength, including their commander, Col. Henry W. Kingsbury, who was fatally wounded."
}
] |
The Battle of Antietam was one of the deadliest battles in U.S history, killing or wounding over 22,000 people.
| 1 | 6 |
Battle of Antietam
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "They lost their father early on in 1906 due to a horse-drawn wagon incident and Marie was left to raise them."
}
] |
4pQdAiz79ZLgPxRIjaF5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "Years of working so closely with radioactive materials finally caught up with Joliot-Curie"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "Despite this, Joliot-Curie continued to work and in 1955 drew up plans for new physics laboratories at the University d'Orsay, south of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "Later in September 1944, after not hearing from Frédéric for months, Irene and her children were finally able to rejoin him."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "Irene and her husband presented their theory and results to the fellow scientists, but they received criticism from their finding from most of the 46 scientists attending."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "Joliot-Curie's daughter, Hélène Langevin-Joliot, went on to become a nuclear physicist and professor at the University of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "Joliot-Curie was an atheist and anti-war."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "The Joliot-Curies adopted two girls during that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Both children of the Joliot-Curies, Hélène and Pierre, are also esteemed scientists."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Political views",
"text": "The Joliot-Curies had become increasingly aware of the growth of the fascist movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "Irène and Frédéric hyphenated their surnames to Joliot-Curie after they married in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "They lost their father early on in 1906 due to a horse-drawn wagon incident and Marie was left to raise them."
}
] |
Irene Joliot Currie grew up with her daddy.
| 1 | 3 |
Irène Joliot-Curie
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "In 1868, the ruins of the medieval twin castles were completely demolished; the remains of the old keep were blown up."
}
] |
4qZgXGxFLMKNGtU2epgr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The foundation for the keep is visible in the upper courtyard."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Exterior",
"text": "Today, the foundation plan of the chapel-keep is marked out in the upper-courtyard pavement."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "One was called Schwanstein Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "A massive keep, which would have formed the highest point and central focus of the ensemble, was planned for the middle of the upper courtyard but was never built, at the decision of the King's family."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Exterior",
"text": "The courtyard has two levels, the lower one being defined to the east by the Gatehouse and to the north by the foundations of the so-called Rectangular Tower and by the gallery building."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Simplified completion",
"text": "Only the foundations existed for the core piece of the palace complex: a keep of 90 metres (300 ft) height planned in the upper courtyard, resting on a three-nave chapel."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "In 1868, the ruins of the medieval twin castles were completely demolished; the remains of the old keep were blown up."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Exterior",
"text": "Like most of the court buildings, it mostly serves a decorative purpose as part of the ensemble."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Exterior",
"text": "At its western end, the courtyard is delimited by a bricked embankment, whose polygonally protracting bulge marks the choir of the originally projected chapel; this three-nave church, never built, was intended to form the base of a 90-metre (295-ft) keep, the planned centrepiece of the architectural ensemble."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Inspiration and design",
"text": "The basic style was originally planned to be neo-Gothic but the palace was primarily built in Romanesque style in the end."
}
] |
This castle was built on the foundation of a keep that was deliberately destroyed for this purpose.
| 0 | 0 |
Neuschwanstein Castle
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Poe biographer Jeffrey Meyers sums up the significance of \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" by saying it \"changed the history of world literature.\" Often cited as the first detective fiction story, the character of Dupin became the prototype for many future fictional detectives, including Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot."
}
] |
4qldqFuKw1WqSvA43cBI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in Graham's Magazine in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "In 1843, Poe had the idea to print a series of pamphlets with his stories entitled The Prose Romances of Edgar A. Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The word detective did not exist at the time Poe wrote \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\", though there were other stories that featured similar problem-solving characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Poe originally titled the story \"Murders in the Rue Trianon\" but renamed it to better associate with death. \" The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" first appeared in Graham's Magazine in April 1841 while Poe was working as an editor."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Poe's role in the creation of the detective story is reflected in the Edgar Awards, given annually by the Mystery Writers of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been described as the first modern detective story; Poe referred to it as one of his \"tales of ratiocination\".C. Auguste Dupin is a man in Paris who solves the mystery of the brutal murder of two women."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The story was adapted in a short silent film made in 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It has also been adapted as a video game by Big Fish Games for their \"Dark Tales\" franchise under the title \"Dark Tales: Edgar Allan Poe's Murders in the Rue Morgue\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A film in 1971 directed by Gordon Hessler with the title Murders in the Rue Morgue had little to do with the Poe story."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Poe biographer Jeffrey Meyers sums up the significance of \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" by saying it \"changed the history of world literature.\" Often cited as the first detective fiction story, the character of Dupin became the prototype for many future fictional detectives, including Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot."
}
] |
The short story by Edgar Allan Poe "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" is the first detective story.
| 0 | 0 |
The Murders in the Rue Morgue
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret and Henry marry, with the pair arranging to use Howards End as storage for Margaret and her siblings' belongings."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Henry tells the others that, upon his death, Margaret will receive Howards End—but no money, at her own request."
}
] |
4qsNXyPVUILHOaWaTxAA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a 1992 romantic drama film based upon the 1910 novel of the same name by E. M. Forster, a story of class relations in turn-of-the-20th-century Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Fearing that Helen is mentally unstable, Margaret lures her to Howards End to collect her belongings, only to turn up herself with Henry and a doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret and Henry marry, with the pair arranging to use Howards End as storage for Margaret and her siblings' belongings."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Henry tells the others that, upon his death, Margaret will receive Howards End—but no money, at her own request."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming locations",
"text": "The scene where Margaret and Helen stroll with Henry in the evening was filmed on Chiswick Mall in Chiswick, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ruth is descended from English yeoman stock, and it is through her family that the Wilcoxes have come to own Howards End, a house she loves dearly."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The sisters pass along advice from Henry to the effect that Leonard must leave his post, because the insurance company he works for is supposedly heading for bankruptcy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Helen insists on returning to Germany to raise her baby alone but asks that she be allowed to stay the night at Howards End before she leaves."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The next day, Leonard, still living unhappily in poverty with Jacky, leaves London and travels to Howards End to see the Schlegels."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret tells Henry that she is leaving him to help Helen raise Helen's baby, and Henry breaks down, telling her the police inquest will charge Charles with manslaughter."
}
] |
Howards End is a 1992 film based upon the 1910 complicated novel about Margaret, who marries Henry even though she fears that he loves her sister and will leave her without a way to support herself.
| 0 | 0 |
Howards End (film)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Yankee manager and harmonica incident",
"text": "Berra retired as an active player after the 1963 World Series and was immediately named to succeed Ralph Houk as manager of the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Coach of New York Mets and Houston Astros",
"text": "Berra was immediately signed by the crosstown New York Mets as a coach."
}
] |
4r2khxfLvdDvyhx5SaSp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was an 18-time All-Star and won 10 World Series championships as a player—more than any other player in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "Berra appeared in 14 World Series, including 10 World Series championships, both of which are records."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors | Yogi Berra Museum, Learning Center, and Yogi Berra Stadium",
"text": "The museum is the home of various artifacts, including the mitt with which Yogi caught the only perfect game in World Series history, several autographed and \"game-used\" items, and nine of Yogi's championship rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Berra appeared as a player, coach or manager in every one of the 13 World Series that New York baseball teams won from 1947 through 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Yankee manager and harmonica incident",
"text": "Berra retired as an active player after the 1963 World Series and was immediately named to succeed Ralph Houk as manager of the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Coach of New York Mets and Houston Astros",
"text": "The team won its first of three consecutive AL titles, as well as the 1977 World Series and 1978 World Series, and (as had been the case throughout his playing days) Berra's reputation as a lucky charm was reinforced."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Coach of New York Mets and Houston Astros",
"text": "Berra stayed with the Mets as a coach under Stengel, Wes Westrum, and Gil Hodges for the next seven seasons, including their 1969 World Series Championship season."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors | Yogi Berra Museum, Learning Center, and Yogi Berra Stadium",
"text": "On October 8, 2014, a break-in and theft occurred at the museum, and several of Berra's World Series rings and other memorabilia were stolen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of seven managers to lead both American and National League teams to the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "In part because Berra's playing career coincided with the Yankees' most consistent period of World Series participation, he established Series records for the most games (75), at bats (259), hits (71), doubles (10), singles (49), games caught (63), and catcher putouts (457)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Coach of New York Mets and Houston Astros",
"text": "Berra was immediately signed by the crosstown New York Mets as a coach."
}
] |
Yogi Berra was a manager for the Dodgers and won 10 World Series championships.
| 0 | 0 |
Yogi Berra
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Party leader",
"text": "Throughout his political career, Mulroney's fluency in English and French, with Quebec roots in both cultures, gave him an advantage that eventually proved decisive."
}
] |
4rD4HPymDvfAN0FrYVR4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honours | Order of Canada Citation",
"text": "Brian Mulroney has received several honorary degrees, including: Mulroney was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada on May 6, 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "Former Bloc Québécois leader Michel Gauthier joined the ranks of the Conservative Party mention that he voted for Brian Mulroney in the 1984 and 1988 elections."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martin Brian Mulroney (; born March 20, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "\"In 2018, CAQ MNA and then Journal de Montreal journalist, Sylvain Lévesque, refers to Brian Mulroney as a political influence when criticizing the relatability progressive decisions made by Justin Trudeau."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime minister (1984–1993) | Airbus/Schreiber affair",
"text": "The investigation pertained to \"improper commissions\" allegedly paid to German-Canadian businessman Karlheinz Schreiber (or to companies controlled by him), Brian Mulroney and former Newfoundland premier Frank Moores in exchange for three government contracts."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime minister (1984–1993) | Retirement",
"text": "Brian and Mila Mulroney's new private residence in Montreal was undergoing renovations, and they did not move out of 24 Sussex until their new home was ready."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Many PC campaign buttons featured both Mulroney's face and hers, and Ontario Premier Bill Davis commented to Brian, \"Mila will get you more votes for you than you will for yourself."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Mulroney is the grandfather of Lewis H. Lapham III, and twins Pierce Lapham and Elizabeth Theodora Lapham, and Miranda Brooke Lapham from daughter, Caroline; and twins Brian Gerald Alexander and John Benedict Dimitri and daughter Isabel Veronica (known as Ivy) by son Ben and his wife Jessica."
},
{
"section_header": "Memoir",
"text": "An earlier book expressing Brian Mulroney's own opinions and aims, is Where I Stand (McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1983), which, on its front paperback cover, emblazons the words \"The new Tory leader speaks out\"."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "He considered Brian Mulroney to be the greatest prime minister Canada has known in the last 50 years due to its political projects taken by him such as Meech Lake accord, the fight against apartheid, an economic project, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and a fiscal project, which was to put the finances of the state back in order."
},
{
"section_header": "Party leader",
"text": "Throughout his political career, Mulroney's fluency in English and French, with Quebec roots in both cultures, gave him an advantage that eventually proved decisive."
}
] |
Brian Mulroney is bilingual.
| 0 | 0 |
Brian Mulroney
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sirius is gradually moving closer to the Solar System, so it will slightly increase in brightness over the next 60,000 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After that time, its distance will begin to increase, and it will become fainter, but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth's night sky for the next 210,000 years."
}
] |
4rqL9anJkMMYO69suasK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Stellar system | Sirius B",
"text": "The current surface temperature is 25,200 K. Because there is no internal heat source, Sirius B will steadily cool as the remaining heat is radiated into space over more than two billion years."
},
{
"section_header": "Gaia 1",
"text": "The cluster is over a thousand times further away from us than the star system."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sirius is gradually moving closer to the Solar System, so it will slightly increase in brightness over the next 60,000 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Stellar system | Star cluster membership",
"text": "The other two are the Hyades and the Pleiades, and each of these clusters consists of hundreds of stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Stellar system",
"text": "Sirius is a binary star system consisting of two white stars orbiting each other with a separation of about 20 AU (roughly the distance between the Sun and Uranus) and a period of 50.1 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Stellar system",
"text": "The age of the system has been estimated at around 230 million years."
},
{
"section_header": "Stellar system",
"text": "Early in its life, it is thought to have been two bluish-white stars orbiting each other in an elliptical orbit every 9.1 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Stellar system | Apparent third star",
"text": "in 2 years. The study was also able to rule out any companions to Sirius B with more than 0.024 solar masses orbiting in 0.5 years, and 0.0095 orbiting in 1.8 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Stellar system | Apparent third star",
"text": "This ruled out any objects orbiting Sirius A with more than 0.033 solar masses orbiting in 0.5 years, and 0.014"
},
{
"section_header": "Observational history | Kinematics",
"text": "He concluded that Sirius was receding from the Solar System at about 40 km/s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After that time, its distance will begin to increase, and it will become fainter, but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth's night sky for the next 210,000 years."
}
] |
Sirus is slowly approaching the Solar System and will remain a brilliant and radiant system in Earth's Heavens for over two hundred thousand years.
| 0 | 0 |
Sirius
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "A Doll's House received its world premiere on 21 December 1879 at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, with Betty Hennings as Nora, Emil Poulsen as Torvald, and Peter Jerndorff as Dr. Rank."
}
] |
4ruayUsMPPIVZOBWiEQs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Re-staging",
"text": "The first staging of it in New York was reviewed by the Times as heightening the play's melodramatic aspects."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "In August 2013, Young Vic, London, Great Britain, produced a new adaptation of A Doll's House directed by Carrie Cracknell based on the English language version by Simon Stephens."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "A Doll's House received its world premiere on 21 December 1879 at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, with Betty Hennings as Nora, Emil Poulsen as Torvald, and Peter Jerndorff as Dr. Rank."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Doll's House (Danish and Bokmål: Et dukkehjem"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "A Doll's House starring Alla Nazimova as Nora."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title of the play is most commonly translated as A Doll's House, though some scholars use A Doll House."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "A production of A Doll's House by The Jamie Lloyd Company starring"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Simon says that A Doll's House is \"the British term for what [Americans] call a 'dollhouse'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism",
"text": "A Doll's House questions the traditional roles of men and women in 19th-century marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Re-staging",
"text": "The Los Angeles Times stated that \"Nora shores up A Doll's House in some areas but weakens it in others.\" Lucas Hnath wrote A Doll's House, Part 2 as a follow-up about Nora 15 years later."
}
] |
A Doll's House did premiere in New York City.
| 0 | 0 |
A Doll's House
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician."
}
] |
4sQgnbsBYrKIPNSAZUWI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is best known for her work with wavelets in image compression."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Daubechies received the Louis Empain Prize for Physics in 1984, awarded once every five years to a Belgian scientist on the basis of work done before the age of 29."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "\"In 2018, Daubechies was awarded the Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award ($440,000) for her work on wavelets."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Prize officials cited Professor Daubechies' pioneering work in wavelet theory and her \"exceptional contributions to a wide spectrum of scientific and mathematical subjects... her work in enabling the mobile smartphone revolution is truly symbolic of the era."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "At Courant she made her best-known discovery: based on quadrature mirror filter-technology she constructed compactly supported continuous wavelets that would require only a finite amount of processing, in this way enabling wavelet theory to enter the realm of digital signal processing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The name Daubechies is widely associated with the orthogonal Daubechies wavelet and the biorthogonal CDF wavelet."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "She was awarded the Basic Research Award, German Eduard Rhein Foundation and the NAS Award in Mathematics."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "She also won the 2012 Nemmers Prize in Mathematics, Northwestern University, and the 2012 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Basic Sciences category (jointly with David Mumford).In 2015, Daubechies gave the Gauss Lecture of the German Mathematical Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A wavelet from this family of wavelets is now used in the JPEG 2000 standard."
}
] |
Ingrid Daubechies was a German scientist and was known for her work with wavelets.
| 0 | 0 |
Ingrid Daubechies
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Agamemnon (Greek: Ἀγαμέμνων, Ἀgamémnōn) was a king of Mycenae, the son, or grandson, of King Atreus and Queen Aerope of Mycenae, the brother of Menelaus, the husband of Clytemnestra and the father of Iphigenia, Electra or Laodike (Λαοδίκη), Orestes and Chrysothemis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Legends make him the king of Mycenae or Argos, thought to be different names for the same area."
}
] |
4seTDuCrZouVOuyogAwm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other stories",
"text": "Another account makes him the son of Pleisthenes (the son or father of Atreus), who is said to have been Aerope's first husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Agamemnon's father, Atreus, murdered the sons of his twin brother Thyestes and fed them to Thyestes after discovering Thyestes' adultery with his wife Aerope."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Agamemnon (Greek: Ἀγαμέμνων, Ἀgamémnōn) was a king of Mycenae, the son, or grandson, of King Atreus and Queen Aerope of Mycenae, the brother of Menelaus, the husband of Clytemnestra and the father of Iphigenia, Electra or Laodike (Λαοδίκη), Orestes and Chrysothemis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Legends make him the king of Mycenae or Argos, thought to be different names for the same area."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to Greece",
"text": "After a stormy voyage, Agamemnon and Cassandra landed in Argolis, or, in another version, were blown off course and landed in Aegisthus' country."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Thyestes fathered Aegisthus with his own daughter, Pelopia, and this son vowed gruesome revenge on Atreus' children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Aegisthus murdered Atreus, restored Thyestes to the throne and took possession of the throne of Mycenae and jointly ruled with his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Thus misfortune hounded successive generations of the House of Atreus, until atoned by Orestes in a court of justice held jointly by humans and gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Trojan War",
"text": "But in the \"Iliad\" itself, he's shown to slaughter hundreds more in Book 11 during his aristea loosely translated to \"day of glory\" which is the most similar to Achilles' aristea in Book 21 (they both are compared to lions and destructive fires in battle, their hands are described as \"splattered with gore\" and \"invincible,\" the Trojans flee to the walls, they both are appealed to by one of their victims, they are both avoided by Hector, they both get wounded in the arm or hand, and they both kill the one who wounded them)."
},
{
"section_header": "Other stories",
"text": "In the legends of the Peloponnesus, Agamemnon was regarded as the highest type of a powerful monarch, and in Sparta he was worshipped under the title of Zeus Agamemnon."
}
] |
Agamemnon, Atreus and Aerope are all from Argos which is more popularly known by another moniker.
| 1 | 4 |
Agamemnon
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The Moonstone of the title is a diamond (not to be confused with the semi-precious moonstone gem)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is generally considered to be the first detective novel, and it established many of the ground rules of the modern detective novel."
}
] |
4t4IQxmoqmEiRIvzvMWM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "One of the features that made The Moonstone a success was the sensationalist depiction of opium addiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "However, The Moonstone introduced a number of the elements that became classic attributes of the twentieth-century detective story in novel form, as opposed to Poe's short story form."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Moonstone (1868) by Wilkie Collins is a 19th-century British epistolary novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "After The Moonstone Collins wrote novels containing more overt social commentary that did not achieve the same audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Moonstone and The Woman in White are widely considered to be Collins's best novels, and Collins adapted The Moonstone for the stage in 1877, although the play was performed for only two months."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio, and television adaptations",
"text": "In 2016 the BBC adapted the novel for a five-part afternoon TV series The Moonstone starting 31 October 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "A heavily fictionalised account of Collins's life while writing The Moonstone forms much of the plot of Dan Simmons's novel Drood (2009)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "; he provides the epilogue to the story"
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "T. S. Eliot called it \"the first, the longest, and the best of modern English detective novels in a genre invented by Collins and not by Poe,\" and Dorothy L. Sayers praised it as \"probably the very finest detective story ever written\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "The book is regarded by some as the precursor of the modern mystery novel and the suspense novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The Moonstone of the title is a diamond (not to be confused with the semi-precious moonstone gem)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is generally considered to be the first detective novel, and it established many of the ground rules of the modern detective novel."
}
] |
The story in The Moonstone novel focuses on the soldier's discovery of a rare kind of rock or mineral.
| 0 | 0 |
The Moonstone
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure | Divisions",
"text": "I: Tales (chapters 1:1–6:29) 1: Introduction (1:1–21 – set in the Babylonian era, written in Hebrew) 2: Nebuchadnezzar's dream of four kingdoms (2:1–49 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 3: The fiery furnace (3:1–30/3:1-23, 91-97 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 4: Nebuchadnezzar's madness (3:31/98–4:34/4:1-37 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 5: Belshazzar's feast (5:1–6:1 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 6: Daniel in the lions' den (6:2–29 – Median era with mention of Persia; Aramaic)PART II: Visions (chapters 7:1–12:13) 7: The beasts from the sea (7:1–28 – Babylonian era: Aramaic) 8: The ram and the he-goat (8:1–27 – Babylonian era; Hebrew) 9"
}
] |
4tQB8BuW4nDmH1d3llOg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content | Belshazzar's feast (chapter 5)",
"text": "The horrified king summons Daniel, who upbraids him for his lack of humility before God and interprets the message: Belshazzar's kingdom will be given to the Medes and Persians."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Belshazzar's feast (chapter 5)",
"text": "Belshazzar rewards Daniel and raises him to be third in the kingdom, and that very night Belshazzar is slain and Darius the Mede takes the kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Belshazzar's feast (chapter 5)",
"text": "Belshazzar and his nobles blasphemously drink from sacred Jewish temple vessels, offering praise to inanimate gods, until a hand mysteriously appears and writes upon the wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Additions to Daniel (Greek text tradition)",
"text": "The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children, placed after Daniel 3:23; The story of Susanna and the Elders, placed before chapter 1 in some Greek versions and after chapter 12 in others; The story of Bel and the Dragon, placed at the end of the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Divisions",
"text": "The Book of Daniel is divided between the court tales of chapters 1–6 and the apocalyptic visions of 7–12, and between the Hebrew of chapters 1 and 8–12 and the Aramaic of chapters 2–7."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Divisions",
"text": "I: Tales (chapters 1:1–6:29) 1: Introduction (1:1–21 – set in the Babylonian era, written in Hebrew) 2: Nebuchadnezzar's dream of four kingdoms (2:1–49 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 3: The fiery furnace (3:1–30/3:1-23, 91-97 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 4: Nebuchadnezzar's madness (3:31/98–4:34/4:1-37 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 5: Belshazzar's feast (5:1–6:1 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 6: Daniel in the lions' den (6:2–29 – Median era with mention of Persia; Aramaic)PART II: Visions (chapters 7:1–12:13) 7: The beasts from the sea (7:1–28 – Babylonian era: Aramaic) 8: The ram and the he-goat (8:1–27 – Babylonian era; Hebrew) 9"
},
{
"section_header": "Composition | Authorship",
"text": "the entire book is traditionally ascribed to Daniel the seer, chapters 1–6 are in the voice of an anonymous narrator, except for chapter 4 which is in the form of a letter from king Nebuchadnezzar; only the second half (chapters 7–12) is presented by Daniel himself, introduced by the anonymous narrator in chapters 7 and 10."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre, meaning, symbolism and chronology | Meaning, symbolism and chronology",
"text": "The message of the Book of Daniel is that, just as the God of Israel saved Daniel and his friends from their enemies, so he would save all Israel in their present oppression."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition | Authorship",
"text": "It is possible that the name of Daniel was chosen for the hero of the book because of his reputation as a wise seer in Hebrew tradition."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition | Development",
"text": "The visions of chapters 7–12 were added and chapter 1 translated into Hebrew at the third stage when the final book was being drawn together."
}
] |
Belshazzar's feast is the sixth chapter in The Book of Daniel.
| 1 | 4 |
The Book of Daniel
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Giuseppe was imprisoned at least twice: first in 1790 for insubordination to local authorities in a dispute about his employment as town trumpeter; and in 1799 and 1800 for republican activism and support of the troops of Napoleon against the Pope's Austrian backers."
}
] |
4txSiOSMo9LSwcCxcJrJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "He studied the horn with his father and other music with a priest, Giuseppe Malerbe, whose extensive library contained works by Haydn and Mozart, both little known in Italy at the time, but inspirational to the young Rossini."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "The rest of his education was consigned to the legitimate school of southern youth, the society of his mother, the young singing girls of the company, those prima donnas in embryo, and the gossips of every village through which they passed."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | First operas: 1810–1815",
"text": "He later described the San Moisè as an ideal theatre for a young composer learning his craft – \"everything tended to facilitate the début of a novice composer\": it had no chorus, and a small company of principals; its main repertoire consisted of one-act comic operas (farse), staged with modest scenery and minimal rehearsal."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\"",
"text": "The writer Julian Budden, noting the formulas adopted early on by Rossini in his career and consistently followed by him thereafter as regards overtures, arias, structures and ensembles, has called them \"the Code Rossini\" in a reference to the Code Napoléon, the legal system established by the French Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\" | Overtures",
"text": "Philip Gossett notes that Rossini \"was from the outset a consummate composer of overtures."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\" | Structure",
"text": "In his comic operas Rossini brought this technique to its peak, and extended its range far beyond his predecessors."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\" | Structure",
"text": "Of the finale to the first act of L'italiana in Algeri, Taruskin writes that \"[r]unning through almost a hundred pages of vocal score in record time, it is the most concentrated single dose of Rossini that there is.\"Of"
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\"",
"text": "Rossini's overall style may indeed have been influenced more directly by the French: the historian John Rosselli suggests that French rule in Italy at the start of the 19th century meant that \"music had taken on new military qualities of attack, noise and speed – to be heard in Rossini.\" Rossini's approach to opera was inevitably tempered by changing tastes and audience demands."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\" | Arias",
"text": "A landmark in this context is the cavatina \" Di tanti palpiti\" from Tancredi, which both Taruskin and Gossett (amongst others) single out as transformative, \"the most famous aria Rossini ever wrote\", with a \"melody that seems to capture the melodic beauty and innocence characteristic of Italian opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Sins of old age: 1855–1868",
"text": "Rossini began composing again."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Giuseppe was imprisoned at least twice: first in 1790 for insubordination to local authorities in a dispute about his employment as town trumpeter; and in 1799 and 1800 for republican activism and support of the troops of Napoleon against the Pope's Austrian backers."
}
] |
Rossini went to jail for stealing when he was young.
| 0 | 0 |
Gioachino Rossini
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The narrative is based on two historical figures of the late 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Lamy and Joseph Projectus Machebeuf, and rather than any one singular plot, is the stylized re-telling of their lives serving as Roman Catholic clergy in New Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Cather includes many fictionalized accounts of actual historical figures, including Kit Carson, Manuel Antonio Chaves and Pope Gregory XVI."
}
] |
4uaHkKa7bMTqM5cz2JVG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The novel is based on the life of Jean-Baptiste Lamy (1814-1888), and partially chronicles the construction of the Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The narrative is based on two historical figures of the late 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Lamy and Joseph Projectus Machebeuf, and rather than any one singular plot, is the stylized re-telling of their lives serving as Roman Catholic clergy in New Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel ends with the death of (retired) Archbishop Latour in Santa Fe: Vaillant has pre-deceased Latour as the first Bishop of Colorado after the Colorado gold rush (in reality Machebeuf was the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Denver)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Cather includes many fictionalized accounts of actual historical figures, including Kit Carson, Manuel Antonio Chaves and Pope Gregory XVI."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "For example, while caught in a snowstorm with his native guide Jacinto (who dwells in the Pecos Pueblo, which in reality was already deserted by the time of Lamy), Latour and Jacinto are forced to spend the night in a cave sacred to Jacinto's people."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was also included on Time's 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005 and Modern Library's list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century and was chosen by the Western Writers of America to be the 7th-best \"Western Novel\" of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "is a 1927 novel by American author Willa Cather."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was reprinted in the Modern Library series in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Near the beginning of the novel, Latour and Vaillant are saved from being murdered by the villainous Buck Scales (at whose house they have sought shelter for the night) by Scales's abused wife Magdalena."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Latour, again presented favourably, nevertheless does operate with a view to politics: he successfully canvasses donations to build a Romanesque cathedral in Santa Fe according to his own desires (he chooses the stone and brings the architect Molny from France to complete it), and bides his time to remove dissenting priests and help a poor Mexican slave-woman named Sada until he is in a position of political strength (his help of Sada is never described in the novel)."
}
] |
The novel is about Lamy and Machebeuf and is based off of real accounts.
| 0 | 0 |
Death Comes for the Archbishop
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "His paternal great-grandmother saved the family from financial ruin by opening a school in their home."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "His wealthy paternal great-grandfather, from Yorkshire, over-extended himself buying farm land and then went bankrupt in the great agricultural depression during the early 20th century."
}
] |
4uvcOwStX0XK9Gq4aENx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular media",
"text": "Hawking appeared in documentaries titled The Real Stephen Hawking (2001), Stephen Hawking: Profile (2002) and Hawking (2013), and the documentary series Stephen Hawking, Master of the Universe (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "In the late 1980s, Hawking grew close to one of his nurses, Elaine Mason, to the dismay of some colleagues, caregivers, and family members, who were disturbed by her strength of personality and protectiveness."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications | Films and series",
"text": "Horizon: The Hawking Paradox (2005) Masters of Science Fiction (2007) Stephen Hawking and the Theory of Everything (2007) Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe (2008) Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking (2010) Brave New World with Stephen Hawking (2011) Stephen Hawking's Grand Design (2012) The Big Bang Theory (2012, 2014–2015, 2017) Stephen Hawking: A Brief History of Mine (2013) The Theory of Everything – Feature film (2014) starring Eddie Redmayne"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Disability",
"text": "Originally, Hawking activated a switch using his hand and could produce up to 15 words a minute."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications | Selected academic works",
"text": "Genius by Stephen Hawking (2016) Hawking, S.W.; Penrose, R. (1970)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1975",
"text": "Their joint essay was the runner-up in the 1968 Gravity Research Foundation competition."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "His wealthy paternal great-grandfather, from Yorkshire, over-extended himself buying farm land and then went bankrupt in the great agricultural depression during the early 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "He was awarded the Copley Medal from the Royal Society (2006), the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which is America's highest civilian honour (2009), and the Russian Special Fundamental Physics Prize (2013).Several buildings have been named after him, including the Stephen W. Hawking Science Museum in San Salvador, El Salvador, the Stephen Hawking Building in Cambridge, and the Stephen Hawking Centre at the Perimeter Institute in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "Hawking created Stephen Hawking: Expedition New Earth, a documentary on space colonisation, as a 2017 episode of Tomorrow's World."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "Jane and Hellyer Jones were determined not to break up the family, and their relationship remained platonic for a long period."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "His paternal great-grandmother saved the family from financial ruin by opening a school in their home."
}
] |
Stephen Hawking grew up wealthy.
| 1 | 3 |
Stephen Hawking
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Moments after exiting Joe's home Ace and Bailey are attacked by a group of Japanese holding anti-American signs, but sympathetic Japanese neighbors intervene to help the Americans, resulting in widespread fighting in the street."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Joe and Katsumi's home is boarded up by the military police and Ace is taken into custody by General Webster, where he is confined to quarters."
}
] |
4v807WYdrBGtxh9PkZTD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The picture tells the story of an American Air Force fighter pilot during the Korean War who falls in love with a famous Japanese dancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Moments after exiting Joe's home Ace and Bailey are attacked by a group of Japanese holding anti-American signs, but sympathetic Japanese neighbors intervene to help the Americans, resulting in widespread fighting in the street."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Runaway Production in Japan\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "He's made up this Southern accent for the part; I never would have thought of it myself, but,"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "The film is also recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – Nominated 2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Joe and Katsumi's home is boarded up by the military police and Ace is taken into custody by General Webster, where he is confined to quarters."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ace goes to General Webster and pleads Joe's case, asking that he be allowed to remain in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Garner wrote in his memoirs that he actively lobbied to play his role, one of the few times in his career"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sayonara is a 1957 American Technicolor drama film starring Marlon Brando in Technirama."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The film earned $10.5 million in rentals in North America and $5 million overseas."
}
] |
The film is about a Japanese pilot living in Japan and his life leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor.
| 0 | 5 |
Sayonara
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy",
"text": "Because of this, O'Malley allegedly blacklisted Furillo from any job in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy",
"text": "This forced Furillo to sue the team."
}
] |
4vD2d3mIHqb5ceFD3k3x
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dodgers",
"text": "When Rickey asked O'Malley, the team lawyer, if he should sue, O'Malley said no."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy",
"text": "This forced Furillo to sue the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy",
"text": "Because of this, O'Malley allegedly blacklisted Furillo from any job in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Control",
"text": "O'Malley tried to raise money and get the political backing to build a new ballpark elsewhere in Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy",
"text": "In 1960, O'Malley refused to pay right fielder Carl Furillo for the 1960 season after he was released early due to injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy",
"text": "The management team worked as well as the team on the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Controversy regarding land deal with city of Los Angeles",
"text": "O'Malley was to pay $500,000 initially, plus annual payments of $60,000 for 20 years; and pay $345,000 in property taxes starting in 1962, putting the land on the tax rolls."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Control",
"text": "During the 1957 season, he negotiated a deal for the Dodgers to be viewed on an early pay TV network by the Skiatron Corporation subject to the approval of other teams and owners."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy",
"text": "O'Malley rewarded loyal employee Bavasi by allowing the San Diego Padres franchise to establish an expansion team with Bavasi as President in Southern California."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy",
"text": "Although O'Malley was loyal to his employees, he did not take kindly to demands from employees such as manager Charlie Dressen's request for a three-year contract."
}
] |
O'Malley was ruthless as a manager for the Dodgers. A player tried to sue his team for not paying him and he was blacklisted by O'Malley.
| 2 | 6 |
Walter O'Malley
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Disaffected crewmen, led by Acting Lieutenant Fletcher Christian, seized control of the ship from their captain, Lieutenant William Bligh, and set him and 18 loyalists adrift in the ship's open launch."
}
] |
4vk5pcmiQf70pK9Br9dV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Bounty under Christian",
"text": "For the next two months, Christian and his forces struggled to establish themselves on Tubuai."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Bounty and its mission",
"text": "His Majesty's Armed Vessel (HMAV) Bounty, or HMS Bounty, was built in 1784 at the Blaydes shipyard in Hull, Yorkshire as a collier named Bethia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The mutiny on the Royal Navy vessel HMS Bounty occurred in the south Pacific on 28 April 1789."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Bounty and its mission",
"text": "It was renamed after being purchased by the Royal Navy for £1,950 in May 1787."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Seizure",
"text": "and you know the sextant to be a good one."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Crew",
"text": "Christian was willing to serve on Bounty without pay as one of the \"young gentlemen\"; Bligh gave him one of the salaried master's mate's berths."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Bounty and its mission",
"text": "As it was rated by the Admiralty as a cutter, the smallest category of warship, its commander would be a lieutenant rather than a post-captain and would be the only commissioned officer on board."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Seizure",
"text": "During the following hours the loyalists collected their possessions and entered the boat."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact | Dramatic and documentary films; theatre",
"text": "The film's story was presented, says Dening, as \"the classic conflict between tyranny and a just cause\"; Laughton's portrayal became in the public mind"
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Seizure",
"text": "Soon, the vessel was badly overloaded, with more than 20 persons and others still vying for places."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Disaffected crewmen, led by Acting Lieutenant Fletcher Christian, seized control of the ship from their captain, Lieutenant William Bligh, and set him and 18 loyalists adrift in the ship's open launch."
}
] |
The Mutiny on the Bounty caused the Lieutenant and most of his followers to be forced off the vessel.
| 1 | 3 |
Mutiny on the Bounty
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Warren wrestles with the idea that “Home is the place where, when you have to go there, / They have to take you in.” (Presumably he says this bitterly or sarcastically.) By saying this he is highlighting, at least at that point in the poem, that he does not feel obliged to put a roof over Silas’ head because of his betrayal of leaving the farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Through the obvious moral dichotomy at the start of the poem between Warren and Mary, it can be interpreted that Mary has slowly convinced Warren to offer Silas a room at the house; obviously his offering comes too late with Silas having died, arguably alone, beside the stove."
}
] |
4wDCWeJPN2sfM16LfJ3f
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Death of the Hired Man\" is a poem by Robert Frost."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "\"The Death of the Hired Man\" is a long poem primarily concerning a conversation, over a short time period in a single evening, between a farmer (Warren) and his wife (Mary) about what to do with an ex-employee named Silas, who helped with haymaking and left the farm at an inappropriate time after being offered \"pocket money\", now making his return during winter looking like \"a miserable sight\" having \"changed\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Perhaps an also interesting side note is Frost's choice for Mary's name and her moral values."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The poem shines light on Warren’s progressive moral slide from resistance to acceptance of his responsibility of providing a home for Silas’ death despite his wrongdoings."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Through the obvious moral dichotomy at the start of the poem between Warren and Mary, it can be interpreted that Mary has slowly convinced Warren to offer Silas a room at the house; obviously his offering comes too late with Silas having died, arguably alone, beside the stove."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "'Dead'’ was all he answered.\" Several themes are touched upon by Frost in this poem including family, power, justice, mercy, age, death, friendship, redemption, guilt and belonging."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Warren wrestles with the idea that “Home is the place where, when you have to go there, / They have to take you in.” (Presumably he says this bitterly or sarcastically.) By saying this he is highlighting, at least at that point in the poem, that he does not feel obliged to put a roof over Silas’ head because of his betrayal of leaving the farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Despite the fact that Silas’ brother should seemingly be the natural home for Silas to die, he has chosen Warren and Mary’s farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Silas has evidently returned ‘home’ to the farm to try to reaffirm some meaning in his life before he dies by helping with the next season, and trying to redeem his relationship with Harold – neither of these pursuits are fulfilled."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "A major theme in the poem is that of the ‘home’ or homecoming."
}
] |
In Robert Frost's poem "The Death of the Hired Man," the farmer wants to give the hired man a room when he stops by his farm on a snowy evening.
| 0 | 0 |
The Death of the Hired Man
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel explores main character Janie Crawford's \"ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on the trigger of her own"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "Janie Crawford, an African-American woman in her forties, recounts her life starting with her sexual awakening, which she compares to a blossoming pear tree kissed by bees in spring."
}
] |
4wWG7kCizF1QIUN8Em7o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel by American writer Zora Neale Hurston."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Masculinity and femininity | Janie Crawford | Joe \"Jody\" Starks",
"text": "He is charismatic, charming and has big plans for his future."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations and influences",
"text": "Like Janie in the novel, Hurston was significantly older than her lover."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Rediscovery",
"text": "In 1981 professor Ruth Sheffey of Baltimore's Morgan State University founded the Zora Neale Hurston Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Masculinity and femininity | Janie Crawford | Vergible \"Tea Cake\" Woods",
"text": "First, he discusses with Janie, a conversation he overheard between her and Mrs. Turner, a local café owner."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "Suddenly, the area is hit by the great 1928 Okeechobee hurricane."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "Were Watching God ,\" posits that the novel stands as an unfinished and unrealized work."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Masculinity and femininity | Janie Crawford | Vergible \"Tea Cake\" Woods",
"text": ", she is mixed-race) and then successfully executes an elaborate plan to ruin her establishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "Bernard's main point therefore is that self-construction is influenced by cognition, that is, knowing, thinking, seeing and speaking are important to the construction of self in Zora Neale Hurston's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Initial reception",
"text": "Carter G. Woodson, founder of The Journal of Negro History wrote, \"Their Eyes Were Watching God is a gripping story... the author deserves great praise for the skill and effectiveness shown in the writing of this book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel explores main character Janie Crawford's \"ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on the trigger of her own"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "Janie Crawford, an African-American woman in her forties, recounts her life starting with her sexual awakening, which she compares to a blossoming pear tree kissed by bees in spring."
}
] |
This is a novel from Zora Hurston that involves a group of priests settling down to a theological discussion about God and what they can fathom of his Great Plan.
| 2 | 5 |
Their Eyes Were Watching God
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "In Spanish, \"Argentina\" is feminine (\"La [República] Argentina\"), taking the feminine article \"la\", as the initial syllable of \"Argentina\" is unstressed."
}
] |
4wYJifGccDZUDQi8wNu9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Argentina (Spanish: [aɾxenˈtina]), officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina), is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "With a mainland surface area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,518 sq mi), Argentina is located in southern South America, sharing land borders with Chile across the Andes to the west; Bolivia and Paraguay to the north; Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east; and the Drake Passage to the south; for an overall land border length of 9,376 km (5,826 mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi), Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the fourth largest in the Americas, the second largest in South America after Brazil, and the largest Spanish-speaking nation by area."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Argentina ranks third in South America in total population, fourth in Latin America and 33rd globally."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Argentina maintains the second largest economy in South America, the third-largest in Latin America, and is a member of G-15 and G20."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas), and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "The country had 5.57 million visitors in 2013, ranking in terms of the international tourist arrivals as the top destination in South America, and second in Latin America after Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Argentina disputes sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas), and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom as Overseas Territories."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "The description of the country by the word Argentina has been found on a Venetian map in 1536.In English, the name \"Argentina\" comes from the Spanish language; however, the naming itself is not Spanish, but Italian."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "In Spanish, \"Argentina\" is feminine (\"La [República] Argentina\"), taking the feminine article \"la\", as the initial syllable of \"Argentina\" is unstressed."
}
] |
Argentina is a country located only in the southern half of South America and in Spanish, it is masculine.
| 0 | 0 |
Argentina
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker."
}
] |
4wn3moGoWBaYGnhLZVA6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jonathan Harker tracks down the shipments of boxed graves and the estates which Dracula has purchased in order to store them."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Jonathan Harker: A solicitor sent to do business with Count Dracula; Mina's fiancé and prisoner in Dracula's castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Around the same time, Jonathan Harker arrives from Budapest, where Mina marries him after his escape, and he and Mina join the campaign against Dracula."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Wilhelmina \"Mina\" Harker (née Murray): A schoolteacher and Jonathan Harker's fiancée (later his wife)."
},
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | Powers of Darkness",
"text": "Thomas Harker's (as Jonathan Harker is called here) stay at Dracula's castle in Transylvania, with the rest of novel being a rushed and barely fleshed out story."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Galeen transplanted the action of the story from 1890s England to 1830s Germany and reworked several characters, dropping some (such as Lucy and all three of her suitors), and renaming others (Dracula became Orlok, Jonathan Harker became Thomas Hutter"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The book closes with a note left by Jonathan Harker seven years after the events of the novel, detailing his married life with Mina and the birth of their son, whom they name after all four members of the party, but address as Quincey."
},
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | Powers of Darkness",
"text": "In 1901, Dracula was translated into Icelandic by Valdimar Ásmundsson under the title Makt Myrkranna (Powers of Darkness) with a preface written by Stoker."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The tale begins with Jonathan Harker, a newly qualified English solicitor, visiting Count Dracula at his castle in the Carpathian Mountains on the border of Transylvania, Bukovina, and Moldavia, to provide legal support for a real estate transaction overseen by Harker's employer, Mr Peter Hawkins of Exeter."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Harker soon realizes that Dracula himself is also a vampire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker."
}
] |
Dracula was written by Jonathan Harker.
| 2 | 3 |
Dracula
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008)."
}
] |
4wy3x5TMrjW5hXXFLOtm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "On July 6, 2012, Warner Bros. held a special IMAX screening of The Dark Knight Rises for more than one hundred reporters and critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Bale has stated that The Dark Knight Rises will be his final Batman film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises opened on Friday, July 20, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises received highly favorable reviews from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises featured over an hour of footage shot in IMAX (by comparison, The Dark Knight contained 28 minutes)."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "The official website launched in May 2011, introducing a viral marketing campaign similar to the one used to promote The Dark Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the aftermath, Batman is presumed dead and honored as a hero."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "When I look at a digitally acquired and projected image, it looks inferior against an original negative anamorphic print or an IMAX one.\" In an interview in October 2010, composer Hans Zimmer confirmed that he would be returning to score The Dark Knight Rises."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises premiered in New York City on July 16, 2012."
}
] |
The Dark Knight Rises is based on a Marvel hero.
| 5 | 6 |
The Dark Knight Rises
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Even so, pure native nickel is found in Earth's crust only in tiny amounts, usually in ultramafic rocks, and in the interiors of larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed to oxygen when outside Earth's atmosphere."
}
] |
4xNaEVijfjRzsePVJpWu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Properties | Occurrence",
"text": "The presence of nickel in meteorites was first detected in 1799 by Joseph-Louis Proust, a French chemist who then worked in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Nickel is a naturally magnetostrictive material, meaning that, in the presence of a magnetic field, the material undergoes a small change in length."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Occurrence",
"text": "On geophysical evidence, most of the nickel on Earth is believed to be in the Earth's outer and inner cores."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Even so, pure native nickel is found in Earth's crust only in tiny amounts, usually in ultramafic rocks, and in the interiors of larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed to oxygen when outside Earth's atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An iron–nickel mixture is thought to compose Earth's outer and inner cores."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Isotopes",
"text": "Radioactive nickel-56 is produced by the silicon burning process and later set free in large quantities during type Ia supernovae."
},
{
"section_header": "Compounds | Nickel(II)",
"text": "Nickel(II) sulfate is produced in large quantities by dissolving nickel metal or oxides in sulfuric acid, forming both a hexa- and heptahydrates useful for electroplating nickel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nickel-plated objects sometimes provoke nickel allergy."
},
{
"section_header": "Extraction and purification | Mond process",
"text": "Nickel is obtained from nickel carbonyl by one of two processes."
},
{
"section_header": "Extraction and purification | Mond process",
"text": "The highly pure nickel product is known as \"carbonyl nickel\"."
}
] |
Nickel is only detected in small quantities in the Earth's shell.
| 1 | 2 |
Nickel
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ostend Manifesto, also known as the Ostend Circular, was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused."
}
] |
4yyKDtPcfYnjYkLDVCyg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Pierce administration",
"text": "The so-called Black Warrior Affair was viewed by Congress as a violation of American rights; a hollow ultimatum issued by Soulé to the Spanish to return the ship served only to strain relations, and he was barred from discussing Cuba's acquisition for nearly a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "But Robert May writes, \"the instructions for the conference had been so vague, and so many of Marcy's letters to Soulé since the Black Warrior incident had been bellicose, that the ministers misread the administration's intent.\"After"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ostend Manifesto, also known as the Ostend Circular, was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "The resulting dispatch, which would come to be known as the Ostend Manifesto, declared that \"Cuba is as necessary to the North American republic as any of its present members, and that it belongs naturally to that great family of states of which the Union is the Providential Nursery\"."
},
{
"section_header": "The Pierce administration",
"text": "In March 1854, the steamer Black Warrior stopped at the Cuban port of Havana on a regular trading route from New York City to Mobile, Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "He is credited as the primary architect of the policy expressed in the Ostend Manifesto."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "Racial fears, largely spread by Spain, raised tension and anxiety in the U.S. over a potential black uprising on the island that could \"spread like wildfire\" to the southern U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Fallout",
"text": "The backlash from the Ostend Manifesto caused Pierce to abandon expansionist plans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dubbed the \"Ostend Manifesto\", it was immediately denounced in both the Northern states and Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Fallout",
"text": "Pierce had been highly sympathetic to the Southern cause, and the controversy over the Ostend Manifesto contributed to the splintering of the Democratic Party."
}
] |
The Ostend Manifesto was also known as the Black Warrior Affair.
| 1 | 5 |
Ostend Manifesto
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known for his trademark Cockney accent, he has appeared in more than 130 films during a career spanning over 60 years, and is considered a British film icon."
}
] |
4yyYUt9CVaE0PziSP1GV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "It is a sweet irony that his accent has become his calling card.\" With his distinctive voice and manner of speaking, Caine is a popular subject for impersonators and mimics."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1960s",
"text": "Endfield then told the 6'2\" Caine that he did not look like a Cockney but like an officer, and offered him a screen test for the role of a snobbish, upper class officer after Caine assured him that he could do a posh accent."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1960s",
"text": "At the time, Caine's working class Cockney, just as with The Beatles' Liverpudlian accents, stood out to American and British audiences alike."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known for his trademark Cockney accent, he has appeared in more than 130 films during a career spanning over 60 years, and is considered a British film icon."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "He doggedly retained a regional accent at a time when the plummy tones of Received Pronunciation were considered obligatory."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "He has brought some of British cinema's most iconic characters to life and introduced his very own laid-back cockney gangster into pop culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1960s",
"text": "Baker told Caine to meet the director, Cy Endfield, who informed him that he already had given the part to James Booth, a fellow Cockney who was Caine's friend, because he \"looked more Cockney\" than Caine did."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1960s",
"text": "A big break came for Caine when he was cast as Meff in James Saunders' Cockney comedy"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In July 2016, Caine changed his name by deed poll to his long-time stage name in order to simplify security checks at airports. \" [A security guard] would say, 'Hi Michael Caine,' and suddenly I'd be giving him a passport with a different name on it"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1960s",
"text": "Caine believes Endfield offered him, a Cockney, the role of an aristocrat because, being American, he did not have the endemic British class-prejudice."
}
] |
Caine was popular for his Cockney accent.
| 3 | 5 |
Michael Caine
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season."
}
] |
4zGDyAMUdVPoOGzssJaE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage | Plays",
"text": "Both plays were originally written for submission to the American Shakespeare Center's call for plays in conversation with the Bard through the Shakespeare's New Contemporaries program."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "It is a story about a countess, a jester, and a bard who catch a fish that talks."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "They convince Malvolio that Olivia is secretly in love with him by planting a love letter, written by Maria in Olivia's handwriting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio | Podcasts and audio drama",
"text": "In 2015–2016, the educational Shakespearean podcast, Chop Bard, hosted by Ehren Ziegler, expanded its format to provide a fully voiced audio drama performance of Twelfth Night, with Matt Gordon as Orsino, Eve Marie Mugar as Viola, Emily C. A. Snyder as Olivia, and Heather Ordover as Maria."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st century",
"text": "Adrian Edmondson played Malvolio and Kara Tointon played Olivia."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Metatheatre",
"text": "Viola's reply, \"I am not that I play\", epitomising her adoption of the role of \"Cesario\" (Viola), is regarded as one of several references to theatricality and \"playing\" within the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st century",
"text": "When the play was first performed, all female parts were played by men or boys, but it has been the practice for some centuries now to cast women or girls in the female parts in all plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage | Plays",
"text": "Theatre Grottesco, a Lecocq-inspired compay based out of Sante Fe, New Mexico, created a modern version of the play from the point of view of the servants working for Duke Orsino and Lady Olivia, entitled Grottesco's 12th Night (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The full title of the play is Twelfth Night, or What You Will."
}
] |
This play was written by The Bard in 1598
| 0 | 0 |
Twelfth Night
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He has German, English, and Irish ancestry."
}
] |
4zN6j9dluMmaVnKYueIP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Business ventures",
"text": "A second location with nine baseball fields is located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He chose to attend college instead, beginning his freshman year at the University of South Carolina in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Business ventures",
"text": "On June 28, 2005, he announced that he was purchasing the Augusta GreenJackets of the South Atlantic League, a Single-A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Charity",
"text": "On August 13, 2007, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice announced that Ripken had been named Special Sports Envoy for the US State Department and that he would be going to China in October: \"... we're just delighted that somebody of Cal Ripken's stature is going to be someone who will go out and represent America so well and represent what we consider to be American values, but universal values; that hard work and diligence and the willingness to really put it all on the line every day is something that kids need to learn\", said Rice."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He has German, English, and Irish ancestry."
}
] |
Cal Ripken's ancestors belonged to South America.
| 3 | 5 |
Cal Ripken Jr.
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 2 (2011–12)",
"text": "Rick learns that Shane and Lori were romantically involved at the outset of the apocalypse, and Shane and Rick's friendship becomes increasingly unhinged when Lori reveals that she is pregnant."
}
] |
50KEZpkPZMtA4KW6FBN4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 1 (2010)",
"text": "After befriending Morgan Jones, Rick travels alone to Atlanta to find his wife Lori, his son Carl, and his police partner and best friend, Shane Walsh, encountering other survivors."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 2 (2011–12)",
"text": "Rick learns that Shane and Lori were romantically involved at the outset of the apocalypse, and Shane and Rick's friendship becomes increasingly unhinged when Lori reveals that she is pregnant."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 2 (2011–12)",
"text": "Rick is eventually forced to kill Shane in self-defense."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "In the second season, he forms an intense rivalry with Rick. In the second season, he forms an intense rivalry with Rick. (seasons 1–2; special guest star seasons 3, 9) Sarah Wayne Callies as Lori Grimes: Rick's wife, who has an affair with Shane when she believed Rick was dead. In the second season, he forms an intense rivalry with Rick. In the second season, he forms an intense rivalry with Rick. (seasons 1–2; special guest star seasons 3, 9) Sarah Wayne Callies as Lori Grimes: Rick's wife, who has an affair with Shane when she believed Rick was dead. (seasons 1–3) Laurie Holden as Andrea: A former civil rights attorney and member of the original Atlanta group of survivors. (seasons 1–3) Jeffrey DeMunn as Dale Horvath: An older member of the group who owned the RV in which a group of survivors traveled."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 7 (2016–17)",
"text": "His actions initially lead Rick to submit, but Michonne persuades him to fight back."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 3 (2012–13)",
"text": "Lori dies in childbirth, and Rick becomes withdrawn."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 9 (2018–19)",
"text": "Rick is seemingly killed when he destroys the bridge to prevent an invasion of walkers."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 7 (2016–17)",
"text": "Rosita and Eugene make a bullet to kill Negan."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 8 (2017–18)",
"text": "Negan attempts to wipe out Rick and his allies in a final battle, but Eugene thwarts his plan by sabotaging the Saviors' bullets."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "recurring season 9) Cailey Fleming as Judith Grimes: The biological daughter of Lori Grimes and Shane Walsh."
}
] |
Rick and Hershel make a plan to kill Shane in order to help Rick win his wife Lori back.
| 0 | 5 |
The Walking Dead (TV series)
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After a black hole has formed, it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings."
}
] |
50eYnjPbtZs3b5s4hbVh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Observational evidence | Detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes",
"text": "Arguably, the ringdown is the most direct way of observing a black hole."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational evidence | Detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes",
"text": "This observation provides the most concrete evidence for the existence of black holes to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational evidence | Detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes",
"text": "The objects must therefore have been extremely compact, leaving black holes as the most plausible interpretation."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational evidence | Detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes",
"text": "The observation also provides the first observational evidence for the existence of stellar-mass black hole binaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational evidence | Detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes",
"text": "Furthermore, it is the first observational evidence of stellar-mass black holes weighing 25 solar masses or more."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation and evolution | Gravitational collapse | Primordial black holes and the Big Bang",
"text": "Despite the early universe being extremely dense—far denser than is usually required to form a black hole—it did not re-collapse into a black hole during the Big Bang."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational evidence | Detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes",
"text": "Hence, observation of this mode confirms the presence of a photon sphere, however it cannot exclude possible exotic alternatives to black holes that are compact enough to have a photon sphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation and evolution | Gravitational collapse | Primordial black holes and the Big Bang",
"text": "In order for primordial black holes to have formed in such a dense medium, there must have been initial density perturbations that could then grow under their own gravity."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation and evolution | Gravitational collapse | Primordial black holes and the Big Bang",
"text": "High density alone is not enough to allow black hole formation since a uniform mass distribution will not allow the mass to bunch up."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation and evolution | Gravitational collapse | Primordial black holes and the Big Bang",
"text": "Various models predict the creation of primordial black holes ranging in size from a Planck mass to hundreds of thousands of solar masses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After a black hole has formed, it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings."
}
] |
Black Holes can get bigger.
| 0 | 0 |
Black hole
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast."
}
] |
51Lkn7dnuuIxV04r8xJk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The nation has competed at every Summer Olympic Games, one of only four countries to have done so."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern period | Kingdom of Greece",
"text": "Through the intervention of the Great Powers, however, Greece lost only a little territory along the border to Turkey, while Crete was established as an autonomous state under Prince George of Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Migration",
"text": "Illegal immigrants entering Greece mostly do so from the border with Turkey at the Evros River and the islands of the eastern Aegean across from Turkey (mainly Lesbos, Chios, Kos, and Samos)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "Kindergartens (Νηπιαγωγείο, Nipiagogeío) are now compulsory for any child above four years of age."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval period (4th – 15th century)",
"text": "Byzantine Emperor Leo III moved the border of the Patriarchate of Constantinople westward and northward in the 8th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "There is also one autonomous area, Mount Athos (Greek: Agio Oros, \"Holy Mountain\"), which borders the region of Central Macedonia."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "and they have played in 12 Final Fours in the European competitions, making them one of the most traditional volleyball clubs in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "They have won the European Championship twice in 1987 and 2005, and have reached the final four in two of the last four FIBA World Championships, taking the second place in the world in 2006 FIBA World Championship, after a 101–95 win against Team USA in the tournament's semifinal."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Near the northern Greek borders there are also some Slavic–speaking groups, locally known as Slavomacedonian-speaking, most of whose members identify ethnically as Greeks."
}
] |
Greece is bordered with four countries.
| 4 | 5 |
Greece
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "\"Most notably, she received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983, the first woman to win that prize unshared, and the first American woman to win any unshared Nobel Prize."
}
] |
51vj5QinAnK8aqWsrmyX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Awards and recognition for her contributions to the field followed, including the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded to her in 1983 for the discovery of genetic transposition; she was the only woman to receive an unshared Nobel Prize in that category."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "\"Most notably, she received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983, the first woman to win that prize unshared, and the first American woman to win any unshared Nobel Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "In 1981, she became the first recipient of the MacArthur Foundation Grant, and was awarded the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research, the Wolf Prize in Medicine and the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal by the Genetics Society of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She was compared to Gregor Mendel in terms of her scientific career by the Swedish Academy of Sciences when she was awarded the Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "McClintock was also featured in a 1989 four-stamp issue from Sweden which illustrated the work of eight Nobel Prize-winning geneticists."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "In 1982, she was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University for her research in the \"evolution of genetic information and the control of its expression."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "McClintock spent her later years, post Nobel Prize, as a key leader and researcher in the field at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She is held up as a role model for girls in such works of children's literature as Edith Hope Fine's Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize Geneticist, Deborah Heiligman's Barbara McClintock: Alone in Her Field and Mary Kittredge's Barbara McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She received the Louis and Bert Freedman Foundation Award and the Lewis S. Rosensteil Award in 1978."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock was awarded in 1984 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
| 2 | 4 |
Barbara McClintock
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 – January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and then in the United States Senate from 1876 to 1881."
}
] |
52UWqEHZxJehL9QGvSsI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An expansionist, Blaine's policies would lead in less than a decade to the establishment of the United States' acquisition of Pacific colonies and dominance of the Caribbean."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 – January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and then in the United States Senate from 1876 to 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "1884 presidential election | Campaign against Cleveland",
"text": "On some of the most damaging correspondence, Blaine had written \"Burn this letter,\" giving Democrats the last line to their rallying cry: \"Blaine, Blaine, James G. Blaine, the continental liar from the state of Maine, 'Burn this letter!'\"To counter"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and childhood",
"text": "James Blaine's cousin, Angela Gillespie, was a nun and founded the American branch of the Sisters of the Holy Cross."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Historian R. Hal Williams was working on a new biography of Blaine, tentatively titled James G. Blaine: A Life in Politics, until his death in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State, 1889–92 | Latin America and reciprocity",
"text": "Otherwise, the conference achieved none of Blaine's goals in the short-term, but did lead to further communication and what would eventually become the Organization of American States."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State, 1881 | Garfield's assassination",
"text": ", 1882.Garfield's death was not just a personal tragedy for Blaine; it also meant the end of his dominance of the cabinet, and the end of his foreign policy initiatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State, 1889–92 | Pacific diplomacy",
"text": "Blaine and Harrison wished to see American power and trade expanded across the Pacific and were especially interested in securing rights to harbors in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Pago Pago, Samoa."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State, 1881 | Foreign policy initiatives",
"text": "His reasons were twofold: firstly, Blaine's old fear of British interference in the Americas was undiminished, and he saw increased trade with Latin America as the best way to keep Britain from dominating the region."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State, 1889–92 | Pacific diplomacy",
"text": "Blaine's precise involvement is undocumented, but the results of Stevens' diplomacy were in accord with his ambitions for American power in the region."
}
] |
James G. Blaine was an American statesman and Democratic politician, and an expansionist, Blaine's policies would lead in less than a decade to the establishment of the United States' acquisition of Pacific colonies and dominance of the Caribbean.
| 0 | 0 |
James G. Blaine
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams that opened on Broadway on December 3, 1947."
}
] |
538dv4uHugX99RH4zl8K
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\"",
"text": "It is often included in paper editions of A Streetcar Named Desire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams that opened on Broadway on December 3, 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\"",
"text": "A version of this essay first appeared in The New York Times on November 30, 1947, four days before the opening of A Streetcar Named Desire."
},
{
"section_header": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\"",
"text": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\" is an essay by Tennessee Williams about art and the artist's role in society."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 2015, Gillian Anderson directed and starred in a short film prequel to A Streetcar Named Desire, titled The Departure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Streetcar Named Desire, Williams’ most popular work, is considered to be one of the best and most critically successful plays of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Revivals",
"text": "The Sydney Theatre Company production of A Streetcar Named Desire premiered on September 5 and ran until October 17, 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations",
"text": "Blanche's route in the play—\"They told me to take a streetcar named Desire, transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at—Elysian Fields!\"—is allegorical, taking advantage of New Orleans's colorful street names: the Desire line itself crossed Elysian Fields Avenue on its way to Canal Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Ballet",
"text": "In 2012, Scottish Ballet collaborated with theatre and film director Nancy Meckler and international choreographer Annabelle Lopez Ochoa to create a new staging of A Streetcar Named Desire."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In a 1992 episode of The Simpsons, \"A Streetcar Named Marge\", a musical version of the play, Oh, Streetcar!, was featured."
}
] |
A Streetcar Named Desire is a movie written by Arkansas James.
| 3 | 5 |
A Streetcar Named Desire
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Clock | Movement",
"text": "Construction was entrusted to clockmaker Edward John Dent; after his death in 1853 his stepson Frederick Dent completed the work, in 1854."
}
] |
53A28O0DW4QMAPs4xbGy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 20th century",
"text": "This was the longest break in operation since its construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Movement",
"text": "Construction was entrusted to clockmaker Edward John Dent; after his death in 1853 his stepson Frederick Dent completed the work, in 1854."
},
{
"section_header": "Nickname",
"text": "The nickname was applied first to the Great Bell; it may have been named after Sir Benjamin Hall, who oversaw the installation of the Great Bell, or after English heavyweight boxing champion Benjamin Caunt."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "When a television or film-maker wishes to indicate a generic location in the country, a popular way to do so is to show an image of the tower, often with a red double-decker bus or black cab in the foreground."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Design",
"text": "Due to changes in ground conditions since construction, the tower leans slightly to the north-west, by roughly 230 millimetres (9.1 in) over 55 m height, giving an inclination of approximately 1⁄240."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Dials",
"text": "The clock and dials were designed by Augustus Pugin."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Dials",
"text": "Unlike many other Roman numeral clock dials, which show the '4' position as IIII, the Great Clock faces depict '4' as IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Movement",
"text": "The clock ran accurately and chimed throughout the Blitz."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Movement",
"text": "This escapement provides the best separation between pendulum and clock mechanism."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Movement",
"text": "The clock is hand wound (taking about 1.5 hours) three times a week."
}
] |
The giant clock was constructed in the 1850s by an English maker of clocks.
| 0 | 0 |
Big Ben
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "This (often unwanted) capacitance is called parasitic or \"stray capacitance\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "Any two adjacent conductors can function as a capacitor, though the capacitance is small unless the conductors are close together for long distances or over a large area."
}
] |
53E1vYwvEdwSB774JXhO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Capacitance of conductors with simple shapes",
"text": "with a constant potential φ on the 2-dimensional surface of the conductors embedded in 3-space."
},
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "Stray capacitance can allow signals to leak between otherwise isolated circuits (an effect called crosstalk), and it can be a limiting factor for proper functioning of circuits at high frequency."
},
{
"section_header": "Nanoscale systems | Few-electron devices",
"text": ".In nanoscale devices such as quantum dots, the \"capacitor\" is often an isolated, or partially isolated, component within the device."
},
{
"section_header": "Self capacitance",
"text": "dS is an infinitesimal element of area, r is the length from dS to a fixed point M within the plate ε 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitors",
"text": "Capacitance can be calculated if the geometry of the conductors and the dielectric properties of the insulator between the conductors are known."
},
{
"section_header": "Nanoscale systems",
"text": "In such devices, the number of electrons may be very small, so the resulting spatial distribution of equipotential surfaces within the device are exceedingly complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Nanoscale systems | Few-electron devices",
"text": "However, within the framework of purely classical electrostatic interactions, the appearance of the factor of 1/2 is the result of integration in the conventional formulation, W charging"
},
{
"section_header": "Self capacitance",
"text": "where q is the charge held by the conductor,"
},
{
"section_header": "Nanoscale systems | Few-electron devices",
"text": "In particular, to circumvent the mathematical challenges of the spatially complex equipotential surfaces within the device, an average electrostatic potential experienced by each electron is utilized in the derivation."
},
{
"section_header": "Self capacitance",
"text": "Mathematically, the self capacitance of a conductor is defined by C"
},
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "This (often unwanted) capacitance is called parasitic or \"stray capacitance\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "Any two adjacent conductors can function as a capacitor, though the capacitance is small unless the conductors are close together for long distances or over a large area."
}
] |
The proximity of multiple conductors is a nonissue for the signals carried within.
| 0 | 0 |
Capacitance
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo."
}
] |
53PlB38sRjf3PRM2IBnU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "Jimmu figures as a direct descendant of the sun goddess, Amaterasu via the side of his father, Ugayafukiaezu."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "The Imperial House of Japan traditionally based its claim to the throne on its putative descent from the sun-goddess Amaterasu via Jimmu's great-grandfather Ninigi."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "Amaterasu had a son called Ame no Oshihomimi no Mikoto and through him a grandson named Ninigi-no-Mikoto."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "Jimmu realized that they had been defeated because they battled eastward against the sun, so he decided to land on the east side of Kii Peninsula and to battle westward."
}
] |
He was descendant from the sun goddess Amaterasu.
| 3 | 3 |
Emperor Jimmu
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A first baseman, Chance played in Major League Baseball for the Chicago Cubs (initially named the \"Orphans\") and New York Yankees from 1898 through 1914."
}
] |
53n2NQ3mGp034y2G4Ji8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "After this was accepted by team owner Frank J. Farrell, Chance resigned with three weeks remaining in the season, and Peckinpaugh served as player–manager for the remainder of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Joe DiMaggio played in the first-ever game at Frank Chance Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "As Bill Hanlon, the Cubs' first baseman, left the team, manager Frank Selee moved Chance to first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While playing baseball for the school's baseball team, he received an offer to play semi-professional baseball for a team in Sullivan, Illinois, for $40 a month ($1,229 in current dollar terms), which he accepted."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Chance began to decline during the 1908 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Chance was ejected in game three, becoming the first player ever ejected from a World Series game."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "During the baseball offseasons, Chance worked as a prizefighter."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "He was survived by his wife, mother, sister, and three brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Career summary | Overview",
"text": "Chance fined his players for shaking hands with members of the opposing team and forced Solly Hofman to delay his wedding until after the baseball season, lest marriage impair his abilities on the playing field."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "created the Frank L. Chance Research Fellowship Foundation in his memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A first baseman, Chance played in Major League Baseball for the Chicago Cubs (initially named the \"Orphans\") and New York Yankees from 1898 through 1914."
}
] |
Frank Chance played for three teams during his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Frank Chance
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"On July 24, 1918, just 17 days after his 12th birthday, Leroy was sentenced to six years—or until his 18th birthday, whichever came first—at the Alabama Reform School for Juvenile Negro Law-Breakers in Mount Meigs, Alabama."
}
] |
53pEcnSKlUuDnY4IzGLz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Although he was making a decent living, Paige grew tired of the constant travel."
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "Paige buckled down and gave up only one more hit the rest of the game, getting five of the next six outs on fly balls."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Mexico: 1938",
"text": "I couldn't. I just sat there, sweating, hurting enough to want to cry, getting sicker in the stomach and getting scared—real scared."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "When Dean came up to bat, Satchel Paige struck him out with nothing but curveballs—officially adding the pitch to his repertoire."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | 1943–1946",
"text": "He pitched three scoreless innings without giving up a hit, struck out four, walked one, and was credited as the winning pitcher in the West's 2–1 victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Travelers: 1939",
"text": "The trouble is, once in awhile I toss one that ain't never been seen by this generation.\"Sometime"
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | Kansas City Athletics",
"text": "He started the game by getting Jim Gosger out on a pop foul."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Travelers: 1939",
"text": "And the balls I was throwing never would fool anybody in the Negro leagues, not without a fast ball to go with them."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Nothing. Oh, he named them different names—Bat Dodger, Midnight Rider, Midnight Creeper, Jump Ball, Trouble Ball—but essentially they were all fastballs."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "I had me a strikeout. In 1934, before a barnstorming match-up, Dizzy Dean was heard on the radio saying that \"Satchel Paige has no clue how to throw a curve.\" In actuality, Paige had been practicing and perfecting his curveball in secret for many years."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"On July 24, 1918, just 17 days after his 12th birthday, Leroy was sentenced to six years—or until his 18th birthday, whichever came first—at the Alabama Reform School for Juvenile Negro Law-Breakers in Mount Meigs, Alabama."
}
] |
Satchel Paige grew up without getting into troubles.
| 0 | 0 |
Satchel Paige
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis",
"text": "Eleanor Gehrig was told that the cause of ALS was unknown, but it was painless, noncontagious, and cruel; the motor function of the central nervous system is destroyed, but the mind remains fully aware until the end."
}
] |
548QVR8SFVRpxqFvi4kR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gehrig's consecutive game streak ended on May 2, 1939, when he voluntarily took himself out of the lineup, stunning both players and fans, after his performance on the field became hampered by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, an incurable neuromuscular illness; it is now commonly referred to in North America as \"Lou Gehrig's disease\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | Retirement",
"text": "Believing the idea was valid and the best thing to do, he wanted the appreciation day to be soon, and the Yankees proclaimed Tuesday, July 4, 1939, \"Lou Gehrig Appreciation Day\" at Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis",
"text": "Mayo told Eleanor to bring Gehrig as soon as possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "At the end of that season, he said, \"I was tired mid-season."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "By the end of spring training, he had not hit a home run."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "By the end of April, his statistics were the worst of his career, with one RBI and a .143 batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 2,130 consecutive games",
"text": "A&E's Biography speculated that this illness, which he also described as \"a cold in his back\", might have been the first symptom of his debilitating disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The disease forced him to retire at age 36, and was the cause of his death two years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | \"The luckiest man on the face of the earth\"",
"text": "\"I Love You Truly\" and the crowd chanted, \"We love you, Lou\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "Gehrig, as Yankee captain, himself took the lineup card out to the shocked umpires before the game, ending the 14-year streak."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis",
"text": "Eleanor Gehrig was told that the cause of ALS was unknown, but it was painless, noncontagious, and cruel; the motor function of the central nervous system is destroyed, but the mind remains fully aware until the end."
}
] |
Lou had Alzheimer, a disease that ended his career too soon.
| 3 | 5 |
Lou Gehrig
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His sister was the famous opera singer Nancy Storace."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born in London in the Parish of St Marylebone to an English mother and Italian father."
}
] |
54zcl5V1ZaEGEvCob9cx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "Both Nancy and Stephen imagined they might find work at the King's Theatre, which was – at that time – the home of the Royal Italian Opera, a troupe which enjoyed a Royal monopoly on the presentation of Italian opera, and in fact of any musical works which were through-composed without dialogue."
},
{
"section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787",
"text": "It is unclear how Stephen obtained his first commission to compose an Italian opera for the Viennese stage, but the commission was most likely obtained by Nancy sometime in the fall of 1784, with Stephen arriving in Vienna sometime in late December of that same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years and education in Italy",
"text": "His father, Stefano Storace (b. Torre Annunziata, ca. 1725; d. London, ca. 1781), an Italian contrabassist and composer, taught him the violin"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen John Seymour Storace (4 April 1762 – 19 March 1796) was an English composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born in London in the Parish of St Marylebone to an English mother and Italian father."
},
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "Kelly succeeded in getting a few roles there (on the basis of his wider professional experience, knowing roles the King's Theatre already had in repertoire, and his legendary charm), but both Storaces found themselves excluded by the group of native Italian musicians already well-established there."
},
{
"section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787",
"text": "Stephen Storace returned to England sometime between the years of 1780 and 1782, most likely to settle his father's affairs after his death in Naples, which probably happened around 1780–1781."
},
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "Kelly's aria to the ghost of the Haunted Tower – \"Spirit of My Sainted Sire!\" included a top B♭ which he took in full voice in the Italian style, and proved such a success that at most performances it was encored in full."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years and education in Italy",
"text": "Kelly was with English-speaking friends, and ventured an opinion (in English) as to whether the young person with Stephen was a boy or a girl."
},
{
"section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787",
"text": "Stephen was regularly playing pool with Wolfgang."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His sister was the famous opera singer Nancy Storace."
}
] |
Stephen Storace had English and Italian parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen Storace
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From the age of 15, he began to pitch for the Oakviews after a starting pitcher was injured; while doing so, Feller continued to play American Legion baseball."
}
] |
55jhB9TMrssytufolihu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Feller became the first pitcher to win 24 games in a season before the age of 21."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From the age of 15, he began to pitch for the Oakviews after a starting pitcher was injured; while doing so, Feller continued to play American Legion baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "\" In a win over the Detroit Tigers in the second game of a doubleheader, Feller became the 53rd pitcher to win 200 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "He became the first pitcher of the 1951 season to reach 20 wins after he pitched a shutout against the Washington Senators on August 21."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "The 35-year-old Feller finished 13–3 on the year, earning his 250th pitching victory in a May 23 win and his 2,500th career strikeout in a win on June 12.The"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Teenage phenomenon (1936–1941)",
"text": "Indians manager Steve O'Neill had Denny Galehouse warmed up in the bullpen in case the 17-year-old Feller had early troubles, but he struck out all three batters he faced in the first inning, and recorded 15 strikeouts in earning his first career win."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "His performances were mixed during the rest of the season, and he finished the year with a 15-14 record and a 3.75 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "Feller shares the Major League record of 12 one-hitters with Nolan Ryan, and was the first pitcher to win 20 or more games before the age of 21."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "Feller was named the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "During the off-season, he became chairman of the Ohio March of Dimes and served as player representative for the American League."
}
] |
He became a pitcher at the age of 15 years old.
| 3 | 10 |
Bob Feller
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from gymnosperms in the Triassic Period, 245 to 202 million years ago (mya), and the first flowering plants are known from ~140 mya."
}
] |
55zO5YKd0daJOZwXxWbU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from gymnosperms in the Triassic Period, 245 to 202 million years ago (mya), and the first flowering plants are known from ~140 mya."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Fruit and seed",
"text": "As the development of embryo and endosperm proceeds within the embryo sac, the sac wall enlarges and combines with the nucellus (which is likewise enlarging) and the integument to form the seed coat."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Triassic and Jurassic",
"text": "Based on current evidence, some propose that the ancestors of the angiosperms diverged from an unknown group of gymnosperms in the Triassic period (245–202 million years ago)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | History of classification",
"text": "This included flowering plants possessing seeds enclosed in capsules, distinguished from his Gymnospermae, or flowering plants with achenial or schizo-carpic fruits, the whole fruit or each of its pieces being here regarded as a seed and naked."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Paleozoic",
"text": "Several groups of extinct gymnosperms, in particular seed ferns, have been proposed as the ancestors of flowering plants, but there is no continuous fossil evidence showing exactly how flowers evolved."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure; in other words, a fruiting plant."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Triassic and Jurassic",
"text": "Another possible whole genome duplication event at 160 million years ago perhaps created the ancestral line that led to all modern flowering plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Paleozoic",
"text": "Gigantopterids are a group of extinct seed plants that share many morphological traits with flowering plants, although they are not known to have been flowering plants themselves."
}
] |
Angiosperms or flowering plants are distinguished from gymnosperms which they broke from in the Triassic Period in that they have flowers, endosperm within the seed and create flowers with seeds inside them.
| 0 | 3 |
Flowering plant
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Golden Bowl is a 1904 novel by Henry James."
}
] |
564rsQVvnhZrnGZOysfZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in England, this complex, intense study of marriage and adultery completes what some critics have called the \"major phase\" of James' career."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "The Golden Bowl's intense focus on its four main characters gives the novel both its tremendous power and its peculiar feeling of claustrophobia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Golden Bowl is a 1904 novel by Henry James."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "\"Critics consign The Golden Bowl to James's \"Old Pretender\" phase of writing, which characterizes his final novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Some critics believe that The Golden Bowl was an inspiration for Iris Murdoch, a known fan of James, and, in particular, her novel A Severed Head."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Golden Bowl 32nd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "As such Vidal thought the style of The Golden Bowl, as well as The Wings of the Dove (1902) and The Ambassadors (1903), mimicked James's own rhetorical manner, which was \"endlessly complex, humorous, unexpected - euphemistic where most people are direct and suddenly precise where avoidance or ellipsis is usual... \"Robert"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical editions",
"text": "Henry James, The Golden Bowl ("
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "McCrum included the novel in The Guardian's list of 100 Best Novels, describing it as an \"amazing, labyrinthine, terrifying and often claustrophobic narrative.\" Author Colm Toibin called The Golden Bowl Henry James's best work, in part because James \"stripped down\" the number of characters to four."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Although the narrative is very focused compared to his earlier works, with minimal characters, the writing is complex and elaborate."
}
] |
The Golden Bowl is a 1894 novel by William Vance that is set in England and is an intense and complex study of marriage.
| 0 | 0 |
The Golden Bowl
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "House (also called House, M.D.) is an American medical drama television series that originally ran on the Fox network for eight seasons, from November 16, 2004, to May 21, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series finale aired on May 21, 2012, following an hour-long retrospective."
}
] |
56AE5q7NaaxI9axg5wWv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On February 8, 2012, Fox announced that the eighth season, then in progress, would be its last."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "At the end of the show's run, Steven Tong of Entertainment Weekly wrote that \"House had, in its final seasons, become a rather sentimental show\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution",
"text": "Episodes of the show are also available online for download: Amazon Video on Demand, iTunes Store and the Zune Marketplace offer episodes from all of seasons 1 through 8."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "She continued saying \"House used to be one of the best shows on TV, but it's gone seriously off the rails\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "At the end of season three, House dismisses Chase, while Foreman and Cameron resign."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "House (also called House, M.D.) is an American medical drama television series that originally ran on the Fox network for eight seasons, from November 16, 2004, to May 21, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "\"The show placed #62 on Entertainment Weekly's \"New TV Classics\" list."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the end of the third season, this team disbands."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters | Main characters",
"text": "However, in the finale of season seven, House drives his car into Cuddy's living room in anger and their relationship effectively ends."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "The Writer's Guild of America West ranked the show as the 74th best-written TV series of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series finale aired on May 21, 2012, following an hour-long retrospective."
}
] |
The House tv show ended after 8 seasons in May of 2012.
| 0 | 2 |
House (TV series)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | War",
"text": "He considered his small stature and light weight ideal for an aviator, but was rejected because of his age and a minor heart complaint."
}
] |
56KPlab976dtyFFzQdcR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | War",
"text": "After several unsuccessful attempts to enlist, Ravel finally joined the Thirteenth Artillery Regiment as a lorry driver in March 1915, when he was forty."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | War",
"text": "While waiting to be enlisted, Ravel composed Trois Chansons,"
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Orchestral works",
"text": "During his lifetime it was above all as a master of orchestration that Ravel was famous."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Paris Conservatoire",
"text": "Ravel was one of the first musicians –"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1920s",
"text": "The last composition Ravel completed in the 1920s, Boléro, became his most famous."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Operas",
"text": "The critic David Murray writes that the score \"glows with the famous Ravel tendresse."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Chamber music",
"text": "une infante défunte. Ravel also worked at unusual speed on the Piano Trio (1914) to complete it before joining the French Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and legacy",
"text": "Ravel declined not only the Légion d'honneur, but all state honours from France, refusing to let his name go forward for election to the Institut de France."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | War",
"text": "He dedicated the three songs to people who might help him to enlist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Scandal and success",
"text": "Ravel was not by inclination a teacher, but he gave lessons to a few young musicians he felt could benefit from them."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | War",
"text": "He considered his small stature and light weight ideal for an aviator, but was rejected because of his age and a minor heart complaint."
}
] |
Ravel is a famous musician from France, he attempted to enlist in the army when WWI but was not allowed due to age and cardiovascular issues.
| 0 | 0 |
Maurice Ravel
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family, personal life and outlook",
"text": "Initially, her younger son Sanjay had been her chosen heir, but after his death in a flying accident in June 1980, Gandhi persuaded her reluctant elder son Rajiv to quit his job as a pilot and enter politics in February 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Views on women",
"text": "Rajiv Gandhi himself was assassinated by a suicide bomber working on behalf of LTTE on 21 May 1991.Gandhi's yoga guru, Dhirendra Brahmachari, helped her in making certain decisions and also executed certain top level political tasks on her behalf, especially from 1975 to 1977 when Gandhi \"declared a state of emergency and suspended civil liberties.\" In 1952 in a letter to her American friend Dorothy Norman, Gandhi wrote: \"I am in no sense a feminist, but I believe in women being able to do everything ... Given the opportunity to develop, capable Indian women have come to the top at once."
}
] |
56pIgSJUsnJ4wleWlZ4f
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "After her death, the Parade Ground was converted to the Indira Gandhi Park which was inaugurated by her son, Rajiv Gandhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Although the Maruti Udyog company was first established by Gandhi's son, Sanjay, it was under Indira that the then nationalized company came to prominence."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Indira tried to return to England through Portugal but was left stranded for nearly two months."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic policy | National security",
"text": "The Mizo conflict was resolved definitively during the administration of Gandhi's son Rajiv."
},
{
"section_header": "Family, personal life and outlook",
"text": "Initially, her younger son Sanjay had been her chosen heir, but after his death in a flying accident in June 1980, Gandhi persuaded her reluctant elder son Rajiv to quit his job as a pilot and enter politics in February 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as Prime Minister between 1966 and 1977 | 1971–1977 | Rise of Sanjay",
"text": "The Emergency saw the entry of Gandhi's younger son, Sanjay Gandhi, into Indian politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Being at the forefront of Indian politics for decades, Gandhi left a powerful but controversial legacy on Indian politics."
},
{
"section_header": "1980 elections and third term",
"text": "The company launched its first Indian manufactured car in 1984.By the time of Sanjay's death, Gandhi trusted only family members, and therefore persuaded her reluctant son, Rajiv, to enter politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous honours",
"text": "Indian National Congress established the annual Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1985, given in her memory on her death anniversary."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign relations | The Commonwealth",
"text": "India maintained cordial relations with most of the members during Gandhi's time in power."
},
{
"section_header": "Views on women",
"text": "Rajiv Gandhi himself was assassinated by a suicide bomber working on behalf of LTTE on 21 May 1991.Gandhi's yoga guru, Dhirendra Brahmachari, helped her in making certain decisions and also executed certain top level political tasks on her behalf, especially from 1975 to 1977 when Gandhi \"declared a state of emergency and suspended civil liberties.\" In 1952 in a letter to her American friend Dorothy Norman, Gandhi wrote: \"I am in no sense a feminist, but I believe in women being able to do everything ... Given the opportunity to develop, capable Indian women have come to the top at once."
}
] |
Indira Gandhi's sons had objectively unlucky and unfortunate deaths that left her in power.
| 0 | 0 |
Indira Gandhi
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His conclusion was \"death by misadventure\" caused by cerebral edema due to a reaction to compounds present in the combination medication Equagesic."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Suffering from seizures and headaches, he was immediately rushed to Hong Kong Baptist Hospital, where doctors diagnosed cerebral edema."
}
] |
57H48Wg1g7RElX3gQ5Om
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The headache and cerebral edema that occurred in his first collapse were later repeated on the day of his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In a 2018 biography, author Matthew Polly consulted with medical experts and theorized that Lee died from cerebral edema caused by over-exertion and heat stroke; and heat stroke was not considered at the time because it was then a poorly-understood condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Suffering from seizures and headaches, he was immediately rushed to Hong Kong Baptist Hospital, where doctors diagnosed cerebral edema."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His conclusion was \"death by misadventure\" caused by cerebral edema due to a reaction to compounds present in the combination medication Equagesic."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Polly further theorized that this caused Lee's body to overheat while practicing in hot temperatures on May 10 and July 20, 1973, resulting in heat stroke that in turn exacerbated the cerebral edema that led to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Family",
"text": "Lee died when his daughter Shannon was four."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lee died on July 20, 1973 at the age of 32."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Family",
"text": "Lee died when his son Brandon was eight years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Yu died in 2015 and this plan did not materialize."
},
{
"section_header": "Martial arts lineageLee was trained in Wu Tai Chi Chuan (also known as Ng-ga) and Jing Mo Tam Tui for the twelve sets. Lee was trained in the martial arts Choy Li Fut, Western Boxing, Épée fencing, Judo, Praying Mantis kung fu, Hsing-I, and Jujitsu. | Certified instructors",
"text": "Prior to his death, Lee told his then only two living instructors Kimura and Inosanto (James Yimm Lee had died in 1972) to dismantle his schools."
}
] |
Bruce Lee died from a cerebral edema.
| 0 | 0 |
Bruce Lee
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Brief history",
"text": "Persuasion began with the Greeks, who emphasized rhetoric and elocution as the highest standard for a successful politician."
}
] |
57Wrqtp5HDbIt22NqNtd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In culture | Persuasion Knowledge Model (PKM)",
"text": "\" The kind of persuasion techniques blatantly employed by car salesmen creates an innate distrust of them in popular culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Reciprocity",
"text": "Reciprocity applies to the marketing field because of its use as a powerful persuasive technique."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | List of methods",
"text": "Sales techniquesOther techniques: Deception"
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Reciprocity",
"text": "This societal standard makes reciprocity extremely powerful persuasive technique, as it can result in unequal exchanges and can even apply to an uninvited first favor."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Commitment and consistency",
"text": "Commitment is an effective persuasive technique, because once you get someone to commit, they are more likely to engage in self-persuasion, providing themselves and others with reasons and justifications to support their commitment in order to avoid dissonance."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Social proof",
"text": "Rather the host may say: \"If operators are busy, please call again.\" This is the technique of social proof."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | List of methods",
"text": "Hypnosis Power (social and political) Subliminal advertisingCoercive techniques, some of which are highly controversial or not scientifically proven effective: Brainwashing"
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Behaviour change theories",
"text": "On the other hand, they will correspond more poorly with the evidence, and mechanics of reality, than a straightforward itemisation of the behaviour change interventions (techniques) by their individual efficacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Behaviour change theories",
"text": "reframing, reframing, cognitive dissonance, reattribution, (increasing salience of) antecedentsA typical instantiations of these techniques in therapy isexposure / response prevention for OCD."
},
{
"section_header": "In culture | Persuasion Knowledge Model (PKM)",
"text": "The Persuasion Knowledge Model (PKM) was created by Friestad and Wright in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Brief history",
"text": "Persuasion began with the Greeks, who emphasized rhetoric and elocution as the highest standard for a successful politician."
}
] |
Formulization of persuasive techniques started with the Romans.
| 0 | 0 |
Persuasion
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "1803–1815).As part of an overall French plan to combine all French and allied fleets to take control of the English Channel and thus enable Napoleon's Grande Armée to invade England,"
}
] |
57xyZ9l604B9xPXwGOlw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Results of the battle",
"text": "The French ships were then seized by the Spanish forces and put into service against France."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "To do so, he needed to ensure that the Royal Navy would be unable to disrupt the invasion flotilla, which would require control of the English Channel."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "They would then return, assist the fleet in Brest to emerge from the blockade, and together clear the English Channel of Royal Navy ships, ensuring a safe passage for the invasion barges."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Cádiz",
"text": "On 15 August, Cornwallis decided to detach 20 ships of the line from the fleet guarding the English Channel and to have them sail southward to engage the enemy forces in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "1803–1815).As part of an overall French plan to combine all French and allied fleets to take control of the English Channel and thus enable Napoleon's Grande Armée to invade England,"
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the battle",
"text": "Although Trafalgar meant France could no longer challenge Britain at sea, Napoleon proceeded to establish the Continental System in an attempt to deny Britain trade with the continent."
},
{
"section_header": "200th anniversary",
"text": "On the actual anniversary day, 21 October, naval manoeuvres were conducted in Trafalgar Bay near Cádiz involving a combined fleet from Britain, Spain, and France."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle | Battle",
"text": "He headed at first for the Straits of Gibraltar, intending to carry out Villeneuve's original orders and make for Toulon."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Pursuit of Villeneuve",
"text": "Nelson commenced a search of the Mediterranean, erroneously supposing that the French intended to make for Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle | Battle | The British cast off the prizes",
"text": "The latter, conceiving that it was probably intended for her, hauled down her colours, and was taken by HMS Donegal, who anchored alongside and took off the prisoners."
}
] |
France intended to seize the English Channel in the Battle of Trafalgar.
| 2 | 6 |
Battle of Trafalgar
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays."
}
] |
584yyLPH1RlG2NbqtT74
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hollywood period: 1939–1949 | Spellbound (1945), Notorious (1946), Under Capricorn (1949)",
"text": "Bergman was known for her perfectionism."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | A Woman Called Golda (1982)",
"text": "Insurance for Bergman was impossible."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | Autumn Sonata (1978)",
"text": "In 1978, Bergman played in Autumn Sonata (Höstsonaten), by Ingmar Bergman (no relation), for which she received her 7th—and final—Academy Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Italian period with Rossellini: 1949–1957",
"text": "Bergman and Rossellini were married on 24 May 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood period: 1939–1949 | Casablanca (1942)",
"text": "Bergman did not consider Casablanca to be one of her favorite performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood period: 1939–1949 | Spellbound (1945), Notorious (1946), Under Capricorn (1949)",
"text": "It also helped that Grant and Bergman had a remarkable and sizzling chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | Cactus Flower (1969)",
"text": "Bergman hesitated to take the role after the long absence."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | Anastasia (1956)",
"text": "Bergman was the president of the jury at the 1973 Cannes Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "A documentary titled Ingrid Bergman: In Her Own Words was also screened at the festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood period: 1939–1949 | Intermezzo: A Love Story (1939)",
"text": "Intermezzo became an enormous success and as a result Bergman became a star."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays."
}
] |
Bergman was from France.
| 0 | 4 |
Ingrid Bergman
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The nickname \"Goose\" came about when a friend did not like his previous nickname \"Goss\", and noted he looked like a goose when he extended his neck to read the signs given by the catcher when he was pitching."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "The Goose is Loose (Ballantine: New York)."
}
] |
599dm2R9KofDt0rComfL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although Gossage is otherwise generally referred to as \"Rich\" in popular media, a baseball field named after him bears the name \"Rick\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He missed some of the 1979 season with the Yankees with a thumb injury sustained in a locker-room fight with teammate Cliff Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "He also owned a hamburger restaurant in Parker, Colorado, called Burgers N Sports."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1983, his last season with the Yankees, Gossage broke Sparky Lyle's club record of 141 career saves; Dave Righetti passed his final total of 150 in 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "The Goose is Loose (Ballantine: New York)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1982, he called Steinbrenner \"the fat man upstairs\", and disapproved of the way Yankees' manager Billy Martin used him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The nickname \"Goose\" came about when a friend did not like his previous nickname \"Goss\", and noted he looked like a goose when he extended his neck to read the signs given by the catcher when he was pitching."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard Michael \"Goose\" Gossage (born July 5, 1951) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed relief pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "In 1995, the city of Colorado Springs dedicated the Rick \"Goose\" Gossage Youth Sports Complex, which features five fields for youth baseball and softball competition."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In the first game of a doubleheader on October 4, 1980, Gossage pitched the last two innings of a 5-2 win over the Detroit Tigers, earning his career-high 33rd save as New York clinched another division title."
}
] |
Rich Gossage was called "Goose" by his teammates because his last name reminded them of the word "Gosling" which is the term for a baby goose.
| 0 | 0 |
Rich Gossage
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington is a 1939 American political comedy-drama film directed by Frank Capra, starring Jean Arthur and James Stewart, and featuring Claude Rains and Edward Arnold."
}
] |
59nSFC3n4hOe1xcICeWn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "\"Mr. Bill Goes to Washington\", a spoof of Mr. Smith Goes to Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington is a 1939 American political comedy-drama film directed by Frank Capra, starring Jean Arthur and James Stewart, and featuring Claude Rains and Edward Arnold."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The short-lived NBC political drama Mister Sterling (2003) was described as \"a Mr. Smith Goes to Washington for the 21st century\", with the show centering on an idealistic young senator from California, coming to grips with Washington and appointed by a scheming, underhanded governor."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Simpsons: The third season episode \" Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington\" is inspired by, and contains several references to Mr. Smith Goes to Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Academy Awards",
"text": "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, but won only one."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes",
"text": "In 1949, Columbia planned, but never actually produced, a sequel to Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, called Mr. Smith Starts a Riot."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "\"Mr. Benny Goes to Washington\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "\"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington has been called one of the quintessential whistleblower films in American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, winning for Best Original Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "In Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, however, the decent common man is surrounded by a venal, petty and thuggish group of crooks."
}
] |
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington is a musical drama.
| 0 | 0 |
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Raven\" is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe."
}
] |
5A352PumADWBpRWLZIsi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "First published in January 1845, the poem is often noted for its musicality, stylized language, and supernatural atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The immediate success of \"The Raven\" prompted Wiley and Putnam to publish a collection of Poe's prose called Tales in June 1845; it was his first book in five years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Raven\" was first attributed to Poe in print in the New York Evening Mirror on January 29, 1845."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The poem's first publication with Poe's name was in the Evening Mirror on January 29, 1845, as an \"advance copy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Poe first brought \"The Raven\" to his friend and former employer George Rex Graham of Graham's Magazine in Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Poe then sold the poem to The American Review, which paid him $9 for it, and printed \"The Raven\" in its February 1845 issue under the pseudonym \"Quarles\", a reference to the English poet Francis Quarles."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Illustrators",
"text": "\" The Raven\" was published independently with lavish woodcuts by Gustave Doré in 1884 (New York: Harper & Brothers)."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "They also published a collection of his poetry called The Raven and Other Poems on November 19 by Wiley and Putnam which included a dedication to Barrett as \"the Noblest of her Sex\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Poetic structure",
"text": "Poe had reviewed Barrett's work in the January 1845 issue of the Broadway Journal and said that \"her poetic inspiration is the highest – we can conceive of nothing more august."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Poetic structure",
"text": "The first line, for example (with / representing stressed syllables and x representing unstressed): Poe, however, claimed the poem was a combination of octameter acatalectic, heptameter catalectic, and tetrameter catalectic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Raven\" is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe."
}
] |
The Raven by Edward Allen Poe was first published in 1845.
| 0 | 4 |
The Raven
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649."
}
] |
5AOuCPOg9VVryO5oqPOx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "English Civil War | Captivity",
"text": "Under the agreement, called the \"Engagement\", the Scots undertook to invade England on Charles's behalf and restore him to the throne on condition that presbyterianism be established in England for three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Issue",
"text": "Charles had nine children, two of whom eventually succeeded as king, and two of whom died at or shortly after birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Heir apparent",
"text": "The Infanta thought Charles to be little more than an infidel, and the Spanish at first demanded that he convert to Roman Catholicism as a condition of the match."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James VI was the first cousin twice removed of Queen Elizabeth I of England, and when she died childless in March 1603, he became King of England as James I. Charles was a weak and sickly infant, and while his parents and older siblings left for England in April and early June that year, due to his fragile health, he remained in Scotland with his father's friend Lord Fyvie, appointed as his guardian."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "\" An estimated 300,000 people, or 6% of the population, died during the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, in early November 1612, Henry died at the age of 18 of what is suspected to have been typhoid (or possibly porphyria)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Despite Charles's agreement to provide the French with English ships as a condition of marrying Henrietta Maria, in 1627 he launched an attack on the French coast to defend the Huguenots at La Rochelle."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles",
"text": "The authors of his death warrant referred to him as \"Charles Stuart, King of England\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his succession in 1625, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In mid-July 1604, Charles left Dunfermline for England where he was to spend most of the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649."
}
] |
Charles I of England died because of a heart condition.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles I of England
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Resonant systems can be used to generate vibrations of a specific frequency (e.g., musical instruments), or pick out specific frequencies from a complex vibration containing many frequencies (e.g., filters)."
}
] |
5APOKpydGQSCp4uBejNC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Resonance in linear systems | Transfer function, frequency response, and resonance for an RLC series circuit | Antiresonance",
"text": "For antiresonance, the amplitude of the response of the system at certain frequencies is disproportionately small rather than being disproportionately large."
},
{
"section_header": "Resonators",
"text": "Since these can be viewed as being made of many coupled moving parts (such as atoms), they can have correspondingly many resonant frequencies."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of resonance | Optical resonance",
"text": "They are also used in optical parametric oscillators and some interferometers."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of resonance | Mechanical and acoustic resonance",
"text": "For humans, hearing is normally limited to frequencies between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz (20 kHz), Many objects and materials act as resonators with resonant frequencies within this range, and when struck vibrate mechanically, pushing on the surrounding air to create sound waves."
},
{
"section_header": "Resonance in linear systems | Transfer function, frequency response, and resonance for an RLC series circuit | Antiresonance",
"text": "Using the same natural frequency and damping ratios as the previous examples, the transfer function is H ( s ) ="
},
{
"section_header": "Resonance in linear systems | Transfer function, frequency response, and resonance for an RLC series circuit | Resonance of voltage across the inductor",
"text": "Compared to the gain in Equation (6) using the capacitor voltage as the output, this gain has a factor of ω2 in the numerator and will therefore have a different resonant frequency that maximizes the gain."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of resonance | Orbital resonance",
"text": "In celestial mechanics, an orbital resonance occurs when two orbiting bodies exert a regular, periodic gravitational influence on each other, usually due to their orbital periods being related by a ratio of two small integers."
},
{
"section_header": "Resonance in linear systems",
"text": "The section then uses an RLC circuit to illustrate connections between resonance and a system's transfer function, frequency response, poles, and zeroes."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of resonance | Atomic, particle, and molecular resonance",
"text": "NMR is also routinely used in advanced medical imaging techniques, such as in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of resonance | Electrical resonance",
"text": "Resonance in circuits are used for both transmitting and receiving wireless communications such as television, cell phones and radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Resonant systems can be used to generate vibrations of a specific frequency (e.g., musical instruments), or pick out specific frequencies from a complex vibration containing many frequencies (e.g., filters)."
}
] |
Resonance cannot be used to create any frequencies.
| 1 | 5 |
Resonance
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Military assumptions prior to the battle | Role of Indian noncombatants in Custer's strategy",
"text": "Custer's field strategy was designed to engage noncombatants at the encampments on the Little Bighorn so as to capture women, children, and the elderly or disabled to serve as hostages to convince the warriors to surrender and comply with federal orders to relocate."
}
] |
5BWycdXM2gU8H566KHXr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Casualties | Native American warriors",
"text": "Estimates of Native American casualties have differed widely, from as few as 36 dead (from Native American listings of the dead by name) to as many as 300."
},
{
"section_header": "Participants | Native American leaders and \"warriors\"",
"text": "Thomas French The English term \"warriors\" is used for the sake of convenience; however, the term easily leads to misconceptions and mistranslations (such as the vision of \"soldiers falling into his camp\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Casualties | Native American warriors",
"text": "Lakota chief Red Horse told Col. W. H. Wood in 1877 that the Native Americans suffered 136 dead and 160 wounded during the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Military assumptions prior to the battle | Role of Indian noncombatants in Custer's strategy",
"text": "The probable attack upon the families and capture of the herds were in that event counted upon to strike consternation in the hearts of the warriors, and were elements for success upon which General Custer fully counted."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | 1876 U.S. military campaign | Little Bighorn",
"text": "Custer's scouts warned him about the size of the village, with Mitch Bouyer reportedly saying, \"General, I have been with these Indians for 30 years, and this is the largest village I have ever heard of.\" Custer's overriding concern was that the Native American group would break up and scatter."
},
{
"section_header": "Casualties | Native American noncombatants",
"text": "Six unnamed Native American women and four unnamed children are known to have been killed at the beginning of the battle during Reno's charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | 1876 U.S. military campaign | Little Bighorn",
"text": "Unknown to Custer, the group of Native Americans seen on his trail was actually leaving the encampment and did not alert the rest of the village."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The Battle of the Little Bighorn had far-reaching consequences for the Natives."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | 1876 U.S. military campaign | Battle of the Rosebud",
"text": "They reviewed Terry's plan calling for Custer's regiment to proceed south along the Rosebud while Terry and Gibbon's united forces would move in a westerly direction toward the Bighorn and Little Bighorn rivers."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | 1876 U.S. military campaign | Little Bighorn",
"text": "While the Terry-Gibbon column was marching toward the mouth of the Little Bighorn, on the evening of June 24, Custer's Indian scouts arrived at an overlook known as the Crow's Nest, 14 miles (23 km) east of the Little Bighorn River."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Military assumptions prior to the battle | Role of Indian noncombatants in Custer's strategy",
"text": "Custer's field strategy was designed to engage noncombatants at the encampments on the Little Bighorn so as to capture women, children, and the elderly or disabled to serve as hostages to convince the warriors to surrender and comply with federal orders to relocate."
}
] |
In the Battle of the Little Bighorn, General Custer planned to use the families of Native American warriors as bargaining chips.
| 1 | 1 |
Battle of the Little Bighorn
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "\"The Mulroneys have four children: Caroline, Benedict (Ben), Mark and Nicolas."
}
] |
5BqIXNr1cRnlfAZqAtws
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Party leader",
"text": "On September 4, Mulroney and the Tories won the largest majority government in Canadian history."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Order of Canada Citation",
"text": "Brian Mulroney has received several honorary degrees, including: Mulroney was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada on May 6, 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "Former Bloc Québécois leader Michel Gauthier joined the ranks of the Conservative Party mention that he voted for Brian Mulroney in the 1984 and 1988 elections."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martin Brian Mulroney (; born March 20, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "\"In 2018, CAQ MNA and then Journal de Montreal journalist, Sylvain Lévesque, refers to Brian Mulroney as a political influence when criticizing the relatability progressive decisions made by Justin Trudeau."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime minister (1984–1993) | Airbus/Schreiber affair",
"text": "The investigation pertained to \"improper commissions\" allegedly paid to German-Canadian businessman Karlheinz Schreiber (or to companies controlled by him), Brian Mulroney and former Newfoundland premier Frank Moores in exchange for three government contracts."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime minister (1984–1993) | Retirement",
"text": "Brian and Mila Mulroney's new private residence in Montreal was undergoing renovations, and they did not move out of 24 Sussex until their new home was ready."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Many PC campaign buttons featured both Mulroney's face and hers, and Ontario Premier Bill Davis commented to Brian, \"Mila will get you more votes for you than you will for yourself."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Mulroney is the grandfather of Lewis H. Lapham III, and twins Pierce Lapham and Elizabeth Theodora Lapham, and Miranda Brooke Lapham from daughter, Caroline; and twins Brian Gerald Alexander and John Benedict Dimitri and daughter Isabel Veronica (known as Ivy) by son Ben and his wife Jessica."
},
{
"section_header": "Memoir",
"text": "An earlier book expressing Brian Mulroney's own opinions and aims, is Where I Stand (McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1983), which, on its front paperback cover, emblazons the words \"The new Tory leader speaks out\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "\"The Mulroneys have four children: Caroline, Benedict (Ben), Mark and Nicolas."
}
] |
Brian Mulroney has 4 kids.
| 0 | 0 |
Brian Mulroney
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Stanislaus Anthony Kowalewski was born in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, one of eight children of Anthony (1845–1929) and Ann (Racicz) Kowalewski (1850–1919), who had immigrated from Russian Poland in the early 1870s."
}
] |
5C4fGombK8VGQvXk6IxB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "He never considered himself a strikeout pitcher, and it was not unusual for him to pitch a complete game having thrown 95 pitches or less."
},
{
"section_header": "Washington Senators and New York Yankees",
"text": "Coveleski pitched two games in the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Washington Senators and New York Yankees",
"text": "Coveleski failed to regain his form, however, pitching his last game on August 3, and after the signing of Tom Zachary, manager Miller Huggins released Coveleski."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "\"When it came to throwing a baseball, why it was easy to pitch\", Coveleski recalled."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "Coveleski had an ERA of 0.67, which remains a World Series record."
},
{
"section_header": "Washington Senators and New York Yankees",
"text": "Coveleski continued to pitch for Washington during the 1926 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coveleski followed in the footsteps of his brother Harry as a major league pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Coveleski was rarely able to play baseball as a child due to his work schedule."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia Athletics and minor leagues",
"text": "Coveleski finished the 1913 season with a 17–20 record and a 2.82 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "Coveleski was the star of the Series, in which he pitched three complete game victories."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Stanislaus Anthony Kowalewski was born in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, one of eight children of Anthony (1845–1929) and Ann (Racicz) Kowalewski (1850–1919), who had immigrated from Russian Poland in the early 1870s."
}
] |
Stan Coveleski did not have siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
Stan Coveleski
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Owing to the work's linguistic experiments, stream of consciousness writing style, literary allusions, free dream associations, and abandonment of narrative conventions, Finnegans Wake remains largely unread by the general public."
}
] |
5C6yaMeWTK5A6WotbuKJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Finnegans Wake is a difficult text, and Joyce did not aim it at the general reader."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "\" The section of the book to have received the most praise throughout its critical history has been \"Anna Livia Plurabelle\" (I.8), which Parrinder describes as being \"widely recognized as one of the most beautiful prose-poems in English.\" Throughout the seventeen years that Joyce wrote the book, Finnegans Wake was published in short excerpts in a number of literary magazines, most prominently in the Parisian literary journals Transatlantic Review and Eugene Jolas's transition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Owing to the work's linguistic experiments, stream of consciousness writing style, literary allusions, free dream associations, and abandonment of narrative conventions, Finnegans Wake remains largely unread by the general public."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations and derivative works",
"text": "combines a collage of sounds mentioned in Finnegans Wake, with Irish jigs and Cage reading his Writing for the Second Time through Finnegans Wake, one of a series of five writings based on the Wake."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The sketch appeared under the title \"From Work in Progress\", a term applied to works by Ernest Hemingway and Tristan Tzara published in the same issue, and the one by which Joyce would refer to his final work until its publication as Finnegans Wake in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "A lot of thanks to him\". The publication in 1944 of the first in-depth study and analysis of Joyce's final text—A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake by mythologist Joseph Campbell and Henry Morton Robinson—tried to prove to a skeptical public that if the hidden key or \"Monomyth\" could be found, then the book could be read as a novel with characters, plot, and an internal coherence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joyce began working on Finnegans Wake shortly after the 1922 publication of Ulysses."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "It has been argued that \"Finnegans Wake, much more so than Ulysses, was very much directly shaped by the tangled history of its serial publication.\" In late October 1923 in Ezra Pound's Paris flat, Ford Madox Ford convinced Joyce to contribute some of his new sketches to the Transatlantic Review, a new journal that Ford was editing."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "virtually all of Finnegans Wake was in print in the transition serialisation and in the booklets, with the exception of Part IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "But it's very hard to read. More recently, Finnegans Wake has become an increasingly accepted part of the critical literary canon, although detractors still remain."
}
] |
Finnegans Wake is not widely read by the general public.
| 1 | 6 |
Finnegans Wake
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Awards and recognition for her contributions to the field followed, including the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded to her in 1983 for the discovery of genetic transposition; she was the only woman to receive an unshared Nobel Prize in that category."
}
] |
5CHb3njFX5NPr88jVVG9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "\"Most notably, she received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983, the first woman to win that prize unshared, and the first American woman to win any unshared Nobel Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Awards and recognition for her contributions to the field followed, including the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded to her in 1983 for the discovery of genetic transposition; she was the only woman to receive an unshared Nobel Prize in that category."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "McClintock was also featured in a 1989 four-stamp issue from Sweden which illustrated the work of eight Nobel Prize-winning geneticists."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She is held up as a role model for girls in such works of children's literature as Edith Hope Fine's Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize Geneticist, Deborah Heiligman's Barbara McClintock: Alone in Her Field and Mary Kittredge's Barbara McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "In 1981, she became the first recipient of the MacArthur Foundation Grant, and was awarded the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research, the Wolf Prize in Medicine and the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal by the Genetics Society of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "In 1982, she was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University for her research in the \"evolution of genetic information and the control of its expression."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "An anthology of her 43 publications The Discovery and Characterization of Transposable Elements: The Collected Papers of Barbara McClintock was published in 1987.The McClintock Prize is named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She was compared to Gregor Mendel in terms of her scientific career by the Swedish Academy of Sciences when she was awarded the Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She remained a regular presence in the Cold Spring Harbor community, and gave talks on mobile genetic elements and the history of genetics research for the benefit of junior scientists."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, making her the second woman in history to win the Prize in the genetic transposition category.
| 0 | 0 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After tension with his new manager Tony La Russa developed in 1996, Smith retired at season's end, and his uniform number (No. 1) was subsequently retired by the Cardinals."
}
] |
5CX1B53wGqxLSf3nSzoM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Upon retirement, Smith took over for Mel Allen as the host of the television series This Week in Baseball (TWIB) in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Smith served as host of the television show This Week in Baseball from 1997 to 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Smith also became color commentator for the local broadcast of Cardinals games on KPLR-TV from 1997 to 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After tension with his new manager Tony La Russa developed in 1996, Smith retired at season's end, and his uniform number (No. 1) was subsequently retired by the Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "When St. Louis was trailing 3–1 with one out in the sixth inning of Game 7, Smith started a rally with a base hit to left field, eventually scoring the first of the team's three runs that inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Instead, Smith and his agent negotiated a compromise with Cardinals management, agreeing to a buyout of special provisions in his contract in conjunction with Smith announcing his retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "The agreement prompted a press conference at Busch Stadium on June 19, 1996, during which Smith announced he would retire from baseball at season's end."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "The Cardinals scored two more runs in the 8th inning for a 6-3 win and the championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "The Cardinals held a special ceremony at Busch Stadium on September 28, 1996, before a game against the Cincinnati Reds, honoring Smith by retiring his uniform number."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith retired in 1997 because of an jury from earlier that season.
| 2 | 5 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Enthalpy (listen) is a property of a thermodynamic system, that is a convenient state function preferred in many measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems at a constant pressure."
}
] |
5CzrLwm9QWwU5jJws6bS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Physical interpretation",
"text": "For a heat engine a change in its internal energy is the difference between the heat input and the pressure-volume work done by the working substance while a change in its enthalpy is the difference between the heat input and the work done by the engine: d"
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship to heat",
"text": "With sign convention of physics, δW' < 0, because isochoric shaft work done by an external device on the system adds energy to the system, and may be viewed as virtually adding heat."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship to heat",
"text": "The only thermodynamic mechanical work done by the system is expansion work,"
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Heat of reaction",
"text": ", reaction enthalpies are often loosely described as reaction energies and analyzed in terms of bond energies."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Heat of reaction",
"text": "However for most chemical reactions, the work term p ΔV is much smaller than the internal energy change ΔU which is approximately equal to ΔH."
},
{
"section_header": "Diagrams | Throttling",
"text": "One of the simple applications of the concept of enthalpy is the so-called throttling process, also known as Joule-Thomson expansion."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Energy uses the root of the Greek word ἔργον (ergon), meaning \"work\", to express the idea of capacity to perform work."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Introduction of the concept of \"heat content\" H is associated with Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron and Rudolf Clausius (Clausius–Clapeyron relation, 1850)."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship to heat",
"text": "Consequently, the increase in enthalpy of the system is equal to the added heat and virtual heat: d"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": ", heat\"The term expresses the obsolete concept of heat content, as dH refers to the amount of heat gained in a process at constant pressure only, but not in the general case when pressure is variable."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Enthalpy (listen) is a property of a thermodynamic system, that is a convenient state function preferred in many measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems at a constant pressure."
}
] |
Enthalpy is a concept in how heat works as energy.
| 0 | 0 |
Enthalpy
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Around 1363, it is believed that Timur tried to steal a sheep from a shepherd but was shot by two arrows, one in his right leg and another in his right hand, where he lost two fingers."
}
] |
5D3bwgrvc8Vm4DXkgAb4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Campaign against the Tughlaq dynasty",
"text": "Bhatner was looted and burned to the ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest of Persia",
"text": "In 1386, Timur passed through Mazandaran as he had when trying to capture the Zagros."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "It was only when he was on his own death-bed that he appointed Muhammad Sultan's younger brother, Pir Muhammad as his successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign against the Tughlaq dynasty",
"text": "While on his march towards Delhi, Timur was opposed by the Jat peasantry, who would loot caravans and then disappear in the forests, Timur had 2,000 Jats killed and many taken captive."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "Timur counted overall 69 attempts and finally, on the 70th try, the little ant succeeded and made her way into the nest with a precious prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Exhumation and alleged curse",
"text": "Gerasimov reconstructed the likeness of Timur from his skull and found that his facial characteristics displayed \"typical Mongoloid features\" ( the correct modern classification term being changed to East Asian )."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Around 1363, it is believed that Timur tried to steal a sheep from a shepherd but was shot by two arrows, one in his right leg and another in his right hand, where he lost two fingers."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign against the Tughlaq dynasty | Capture of Delhi (1398)",
"text": "After three days of citizens uprising within Delhi, it was said that the city reeked of the decomposing bodies of its citizens with their heads being erected like structures and the bodies left as food for the birds by Timur's soldiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | European views",
"text": "His rise to power moved many leaders, such as Henry III of Castile, to send embassies to Samarkand to scout out Timur, learn about his people, make alliances with him, and try to convince him to convert to Christianity in order to avoid war."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power",
"text": "Around 1370, Husayn surrendered to Timur and was later assassinated, which allowed Timur to be formally proclaimed sovereign at Balkh."
}
] |
Timur had missing digits from being injured when he tried to loot livestock when he was younger.
| 0 | 0 |
Timur
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is the third to star Daniel Craig as fictional MI6 agent James Bond and features Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva, the villain, and Judi Dench as M."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Skyfall is a 2012 spy film and the twenty-third in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions."
}
] |
5D6MVgRjhPGGBShEMB6I
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Daniel Craig as James Bond, agent 007."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is the third to star Daniel Craig as fictional MI6 agent James Bond and features Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva, the villain, and Judi Dench as M."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production | Casting",
"text": "Dr. No. Daniel Craig returned as James Bond for the second time, saying he felt lucky to have the chance."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "A number of reviewers praised Daniel Craig in Skyfall."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "Roger Ebert believed that in Skyfall \"Daniel Craig [takes] full possession of a role he previously played unconvincingly\"; Philip French commented that \"Craig manages to get out of the shadow of Connery\"; while Daniel Krupa thought Craig's Bond was a \"defining performance\" for \"a great actor\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production | Crew",
"text": "Daniel Kleinman returned to design the title sequence after stepping aside to allow graphic design studio MK12 to create the Quantum of Solace sequence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Skyfall was very well received by critics, who praised its screenplay, acting (particularly by Craig, Bardem, and Dench), Mendes's direction, Deakins's cinematography, musical score, and action sequences."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "Daniel Krupa also singled out Naomie Harris as \"awkward\" and having \"virtually non-existent chemistry\" with Daniel Craig."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Skyfall is a 2012 spy film and the twenty-third in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Daily Telegraph's film reviewer, Robbie Collin, considered Skyfall to be \"often dazzling, always audacious\", with excellent action sequences in a film that contained humour and emotion."
}
] |
Skyfall is the 23rd movie in the James Bond sequence and stars Daniel Craig.
| 0 | 0 |
Skyfall
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At 6 feet, 2 inches, the Indiana native was one of the larger players of his day and was known for his prominent handlebar mustache."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samuel Luther \"Big Sam\" Thompson (March 5, 1860 – November 7, 1922) was an American professional baseball player from 1884 to 1898 and with a brief comeback in 1906."
}
] |
5DFVtKjJ3NJeV0gXhMqX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Evansville and Indianapolis",
"text": "A scout for Evansville travelled to Danville and was referred to \"Big Sam\", who was working on a roof in Stinesville."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manager Bill Watkins in 1922 called Thompson \"the greatest natural hitter of all time.\" Defensively, Thompson was known to have one of the strongest arms of any outfielder in the early decades of the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samuel Luther \"Big Sam\" Thompson (March 5, 1860 – November 7, 1922) was an American professional baseball player from 1884 to 1898 and with a brief comeback in 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Detroit Wolverines | Signing",
"text": "In mid June 1885, the Western League disbanded, and a mad rush developed to sign the players on the Indianapolis roster, a line-up that included Thompson, Deacon McGuire, Sam Crane, Chub Collins, Jim Donnelly, Mox McQuery, Gene Moriarty, and Dan Casey."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Career statistics and legacy",
"text": "\"In \"In a 1913 story on Thompson , Detroit sports writer Maclean Kennedy noted that Thompson's drives \"were the direct cause of more hats being smashed, more backs that were thumped til they were black and blue by some wild-eyed fan sitting in the seat behind, more outbursts of frenzied shrieks and howls of glee, than those of any other player who ever wore a Detroit uniform\", barring only the two great stars of the day, Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Detroit Wolverines | 1885 and 1886 seasons",
"text": "The Wolverines were in last place when Thompson joined the club, but won 12 of their first 13 games after Thompson took over in right field."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies | 1893-1895 seasons",
"text": "From 1893 to 1895, Thompson hit his stride with the Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Thompson was born in Danville, Indiana, in 1860."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and later years",
"text": "Thompson died in 1922 at age 62."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Detroit Wolverines | Signing",
"text": "Thompson later told the colorful story of his acquisition by Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At 6 feet, 2 inches, the Indiana native was one of the larger players of his day and was known for his prominent handlebar mustache."
}
] |
Sam Thompson was called "Big Sam" in reference to his massive mutton chops, which were the envy of many a less heavily haired baseball man.
| 0 | 0 |
Sam Thompson
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Despite his parents' and teachers' disapproval of jazz, he began performing in nightclubs in Baltimore."
}
] |
5E1lcDkYXDqFR2n25xE5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "They played each other while on the road, play against local semi-pro teams, and play charity games."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After he was caught playing dice on the church steps, his mother sent him to Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural School in 1921, a reform school run by his mother's uncle in Chester County, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "In 1953, he played the prominent role of \"Sportin' Life\" in a production of Porgy and Bess with William Warfield and Leontyne Price as the title characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "His renown as a talented musician was such that, in the opening scene of the 1940 musical film, Strike Up the Band, starring Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, Rooney's character is admonished by his music teacher, \"You are not Cab Calloway\", after playing an improvised drum riff in the middle of a band lesson."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Calloway attended Frederick Douglass High School and played basketball at the guard position for the high school and professional Baltimore Athenians team."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "Calloway's and Ellington's groups were featured on film more than any other jazz orchestras of the era."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "Fredi Washington was cast as Calloway's love interest in Cab Calloway's Hi-De-Ho (1934)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"In 1998, The Cab Calloway Orchestra directed by Calloway's grandson"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2009, Big Bad Voodoo Daddy released an album covering Calloway's music titled How Big Can You Get?: The Music of Cab Calloway."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "In 1938, Calloway released, Cab Calloway's Cat-ologue: A \"Hepster's\" Dictionary, the first dictionary published by an African-American."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Despite his parents' and teachers' disapproval of jazz, he began performing in nightclubs in Baltimore."
}
] |
Cab Calloway's mother did not like him playing jazz although she played music herself.
| 1 | 2 |
Cab Calloway
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It follows the life and experiences of Billy Pilgrim, from his early years to his time as an American soldier and chaplain's assistant during World War II, to the postwar years, with Billy occasionally traveling through time itself."
}
] |
5EICbDMwucG0icP6ZNRo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As a chaplain's assistant in the United States Army during World War II, Billy is an ill-trained, disoriented, and fatalistic American soldier who finds he does not like war and refuses to fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It follows the life and experiences of Billy Pilgrim, from his early years to his time as an American soldier and chaplain's assistant during World War II, to the postwar years, with Billy occasionally traveling through time itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Censorship controversy",
"text": "Slaughterhouse-Five has been the subject of many attempts at censorship due to its irreverent tone, purportedly obscene content and depictions of sex, American soldiers' use of profanity, and perceived heresy."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "That was me. That was the author of this book.\" As noted above, as an American soldier during World War II, Vonnegut was captured by Germans at the Battle of the Bulge and transported to Dresden."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Edgar Derby confronts him when Campbell tries to recruit American POWs into the American Free Corps to fight the Communist Soviet Union on behalf of the Nazis."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Like much of his oeuvre, Slaughterhouse-Five is broken into small pieces, and in this case, brief experiences in one point in time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Slaughterhouse-Five, or The Children's Crusade"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Censorship controversy",
"text": "Slaughterhouse-Five continues to be controversial."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Censorship controversy",
"text": "\" Slaughterhouse-Five is the sixty-seventh entry to the American Library Association's list of the \"Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–1999\" and number forty-six on the ALA's"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Germans hold Billy and his fellow prisoners in an empty slaughterhouse called Schlachthof-fünf (\"slaughterhouse five\")."
}
] |
Slaughterhouse Five is about Marcus Vongue's time during fighting as an American soldier.
| 0 | 2 |
Slaughterhouse Five
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The palace was commissioned by King Ludwig II of Bavaria as a retreat and in honour of Richard Wagner."
}
] |
5EiG3LDeL455mFwWaVan
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Inspiration and design",
"text": "Neuschwanstein embodies both the contemporaneous architectural fashion known as castle romanticism (German: Burgenromantik), and King Ludwig II's enthusiasm for the operas of Richard Wagner."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "These themes were taken up in the operas of Richard Wagner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The palace was commissioned by King Ludwig II of Bavaria as a retreat and in honour of Richard Wagner."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "As a temple of friendship it was also dedicated to the life and work of Richard Wagner, who died in 1883 before he had set foot in the building."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Interior",
"text": "The interior decoration with mural paintings, tapestry, furniture and other handicraft generally refers to the King's favourite themes: the grail legend, the works of Wolfram von Eschenbach, and their interpretation by Richard Wagner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since then more than 61 million people have visited Neuschwanstein Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "The confusing result is that Hohenschwangau and Schwanstein have effectively swapped names: Hohenschwangau Castle replaced the ruins of Schwanstein Castle, and Neuschwanstein Castle replaced the ruins of the two Hohenschwangau Castles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Inspiration and design",
"text": "The basic style was originally planned to be neo-Gothic but the palace was primarily built in Romanesque style in the end."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Ludwig called the new palace New Hohenschwangau Castle; only after his death was it renamed Neuschwanstein."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Inspiration and design",
"text": "Palace-building projects similar to Neuschwanstein had been undertaken earlier in several of the German states and included Hohenschwangau Castle, Lichtenstein Castle, Hohenzollern Castle, and numerous buildings on the River Rhine such as Stolzenfels Castle."
}
] |
The Neuschwanstein Castle was built in honor of Richard Wagner.
| 0 | 0 |
Neuschwanstein Castle
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2001: Code signing certificate mistake",
"text": "In January 2001, Verisign mistakenly issued two Class 3 code signing certificates to an individual claiming to be an employee of Microsoft."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2001: Code signing certificate mistake",
"text": "The mistake was not discovered and the certificates were not revoked until two weeks later during a routine audit."
}
] |
5F7AVBjJmKKfzcNZuEEC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "Verisign is the only one of the 12 root server operators to operate more than one of the thirteen root nameservers."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2005: Retains .net domain",
"text": "They proposed Verisign continue to manage the .net DNS due to its critical importance as the domain underlying numerous \"backbone\" network services."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "The divisions were even geographically split with the NSI Registry moving from the corporate headquarters in Herndon, Virginia, to nearby Dulles, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "One such facility is at the Equinix Ashburn Datacenter in Ashburn, Virginia, one of the world's largest datacenters and internet transit hubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2001: Code signing certificate mistake",
"text": "In January 2001, Verisign mistakenly issued two Class 3 code signing certificates to an individual claiming to be an employee of Microsoft."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2005: Retains .net domain",
"text": "Verisign enlisted numerous IT and telecom heavyweights including Microsoft, IBM, Sun Microsystems, MCI, and others, to assert that Verisign had a perfect record operating .net."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "The division operates the authoritative domain name registries for two of the Internet's most important top-level domains, .com"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2001: Code signing certificate mistake",
"text": "Microsoft had to later release a special security patch in order to revoke the certificates and mark them as being fraudulent."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "One at 22340 Dresden Street in Dulles, Virginia not far from its corporate headquarters (within the large Broad Run Technology Park), one at 21 Boulden Circle in New Castle, Delaware, and a third in Fribourg, Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The new company received licenses to key cryptographic patents held by RSA (set to expire in 2000) and a time-limited non-compete agreement."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2001: Code signing certificate mistake",
"text": "The mistake was not discovered and the certificates were not revoked until two weeks later during a routine audit."
}
] |
One time, Verisign just gave away a pair of important certs to a criminal impersonating Microsoft staff, and they didn't even notice the error for 14 days.
| 3 | 4 |
Verisign
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "Numerous former Panthers have held elected office in the United States, some into the 21st century; these include Charles Barron (New York City Council), Nelson Malloy (Winston-Salem City Council), and Bobby Rush (US House of Representatives)."
}
] |
5FhpCOIqFnTpoY4PsT9j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy | New Black Panther Party",
"text": "The Huey Newton Foundation, former chairman and co-founder Bobby Seale, and members of the original Black Panther Party have insisted that this New Black Panther Party is illegitimate and they have strongly objected to it, stating that there \"is no new Black Panther Party\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding the Black Panther Party",
"text": "He had an epiphany that would distinguish the Black Panther Party from the multitude of Black Power organizations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding the Black Panther Party",
"text": "In late October 1966, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding the Black Panther Party",
"text": "Newton and Seale decided to adopt the Black Panther logo and form their own organization called the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The bill was crafted in response to members of the Black Panther Party who were copwatching."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy | New Black Panther Party",
"text": "In 1989, a \"New Black Panther Party\" was formed in Dallas, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "In order to provide full support for Black Panther parents whose time was spent organizing, some of the students and faculty members lived together year around."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Black Panther Party members were involved in many fatal firefights with police."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "Huggins is noted as saying, \"I think that the school's principles came from the socialist principles we tried to live in the Black Panther Party."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Shoot-out with the US Organization",
"text": "Violent conflict between the Panther chapter in LA and the US Organization, a black nationalist group, resulted in shootings and beatings, and led to the murders of at least four Black Panther Party members."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "Numerous former Panthers have held elected office in the United States, some into the 21st century; these include Charles Barron (New York City Council), Nelson Malloy (Winston-Salem City Council), and Bobby Rush (US House of Representatives)."
}
] |
Some members of the Black Panther Party are politicians.
| 0 | 0 |
Black Panther Party
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing The Brothers Karamazov, which was published as a serial in The Russian Messenger from January 1879 to November 1880."
}
] |
5FlPE4lJW9RRmE8JdGKL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova",
"text": "Grushenka inspires complete admiration and lust in both Fyodor and Dmitri Karamazov."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "The Brothers Karamazov has had a deep influence on many public figures over the years for widely varying reasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Dmitri Fyodorovich Karamazov",
"text": "Dmitri is brought into contact with his family when he finds himself in need of his inheritance, which he believes is being withheld by his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing The Brothers Karamazov, which was published as a serial in The Russian Messenger from January 1879 to November 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Thirteen: The Brothers Karamazov",
"text": "The final section opens with discussion of a plan developed for Dmitri's escape from his sentence of twenty years of hard labor in Siberia."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The writing of The Brothers Karamazov was altered by a personal tragedy: in May 1878, Dostoevsky's 3-year-old son Alyosha died of epilepsy, a condition inherited from his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Thirteen: The Brothers Karamazov",
"text": "Alyosha promises to remember Kolya, Ilyusha, and all the boys and keep them close in his heart, even though he will have to leave them and may not see them again until many years have passed."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Thirteen: The Brothers Karamazov",
"text": "Dmitri and Grushenka plan to escape to America and work the land there for several years, and then return to Russia under assumed American names, because they cannot imagine living without Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "He felt Dostoyevsky, through his storytelling, revealed completely unique insight into life and human nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Nine: The Preliminary Investigation",
"text": "Dmitri was known to have been completely destitute earlier that evening, but is suddenly seen with thousands of rubles shortly after his father's murder."
}
] |
The Brothers Karamazov took almost 2 years to be complete.
| 2 | 5 |
The Brothers Karamazov
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage",
"text": "Andrea filed a restraining order against Kelly in September 2005 after a physical altercation, ultimately filing for divorce in 2006."
}
] |
5FrTk8SoIM78e2jhApiD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other legal issues",
"text": "Also that year, a 20-year-old accused Kelly in civil court of having sexual relations with her when he was 24 and she was 15."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage",
"text": "Andrea filed a restraining order against Kelly in September 2005 after a physical altercation, ultimately filing for divorce in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2009: Untitled, Africa and Soulacoaster",
"text": "In January 2009, after separating in the fall of 2005, Kelly and his wife Andrea Kelly finalized their divorce."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Alleged sexual abuse of minors",
"text": "Kelly's attorney, Steve Greenberg, stated: \"That case is a pure publicity grab by the prosecutor.\" Greenberg also tweeted: \"Re: New charges @RKelly give me a break."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Musical response to allegations",
"text": "Andrea Kelly and Carey Killa Kelly, R. Kelly's ex-wife and brother, responded to \"I Admit\" with a remix and a diss track."
},
{
"section_header": "Other legal issues",
"text": "After a July 1996 brawl at a Lafayette, Louisiana health club involving Kelly and his entourage, Kelly was placed on a year's unsupervised probation starting August 13, 1997, after being found guilty of battery."
},
{
"section_header": "Other legal issues",
"text": "One of the victims needed 110 facial stitches."
},
{
"section_header": "Other legal issues",
"text": "Kelly settled the lawsuit in 1998 for $250,000, according to the Chicago Sun-Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Other legal issues",
"text": "On April 8, 1998, Kelly was arrested on three misdemeanor charges of disorderly conduct, including one charge on violating noise ordinance for playing his music extremely loud from his car."
},
{
"section_header": "Other legal issues",
"text": "Prosecutors from the district attorney's office dropped the first two charges on May 7 and the noise charge on July 22 that year."
}
] |
R.Kelly was issued a restrain court notice by his wife.
| 2 | 4 |
R. Kelly
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry makes close friends and a few enemies during his first year at the school, and with the help of his friends, Harry faces an attempted comeback by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents, but failed to kill Harry when he was just 15 months old."
}
] |
5FtBH0iV0K4NQTAkGj41
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Film version",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released in London on 14 November 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Main characters",
"text": "During the book, Harry makes two close friends, Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Uses in education and business",
"text": "Stephen Brown noted that the early Harry Potter books, especially Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, were a runaway success despite inadequate and poorly organised marketing."
},
{
"section_header": "Development, publication and reception | Publication and reception in the United Kingdom",
"text": "She described Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone as \"a hugely entertaining thriller\" and Rowling as \"a first-rate writer for children\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Illustrated version",
"text": "An illustrated version of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released on October 6, 2015, with illustrations by Jim Kay."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Main characters",
"text": "Hagrid is fiercely loyal to Dumbledore and quickly becomes a close friend of Harry, Ron and, later, Hermione, but his carelessness makes him unreliable."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry makes close friends and a few enemies during his first year at the school, and with the help of his friends, Harry faces an attempted comeback by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents, but failed to kill Harry when he was just 15 months old."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, along with the rest of the Harry Potter series, has been attacked by some religious groups and banned in some countries because of accusations that the novels promote witchcraft under the guise of a heroic, moral story."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Main characters",
"text": "Despite her nagging efforts to keep Harry and Ron out of trouble, she becomes a close friend of the two boys after they save her from a troll, and her magical and analytical skills play an important role in finding the Philosopher's Stone."
}
] |
In Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry makes friends only.
| 0 | 0 |
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The novel takes place over a long period of time, including many adventures united by common themes of the nature of reality, reading, and dialogue in general."
}
] |
5GEKoDM8WJANiBZ09mRa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The novel takes place over a long period of time, including many adventures united by common themes of the nature of reality, reading, and dialogue in general."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "These were collected, by Dr Ben Haneman, over a period of thirty years."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Setting",
"text": ", a gentleman lived not long ago, one of those who has a lance and ancient shield on a shelf and keeps a skinny nag and a greyhound for racing.) The story also takes place in El Toboso where Don Quixote goes to seek Dulcinea's blessings."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Setting",
"text": "Cervantes' story takes place on the plains of La Mancha, specifically the comarca of Campo de Montiel."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | English editions in translation",
"text": "It was the most scholarly and accurate English translation of the novel up to that time, but future translator John Ormsby points out in his own introduction to the novel that the Jarvis translation has been criticized as being too stiff."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | English editions in translation",
"text": "Motteux's translation enjoyed lasting popularity; it was reprinted as the Modern Library Series edition of the novel until recent times."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 1 | The Second Sally | The inn (Chapters 16–17)",
"text": "Sancho, however, remains and ends up wrapped in a blanket and tossed up in the air (blanketed) by several mischievous guests at the inn, something that is often mentioned over the rest of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 1 | The Second Sally | Return to the inn (Chapters 32–42)",
"text": "A judge arrives, and it is found that the captive is his long-lost brother, and the two are reunited."
},
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "Jonathan Shockley has placed the novel in the context of Terror Management Theory, claiming that the figure of Don Quixote represents the hidden essence of human culture: the centrality of heroic madness and its related death anxiety in all people."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | English editions in translation",
"text": "Most modern translators take as their model the 1885 translation by John Ormsby."
}
] |
The novel takes place over a long period of time.
| 1 | 5 |
Don Quixote
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Founding of cities",
"text": "Over the course of his conquests, Alexander founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most of them east of the Tigris."
}
] |
5GXTJf6wZTCiJF6weugy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Founding of cities",
"text": "Over the course of his conquests, Alexander founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most of them east of the Tigris."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Founding of cities",
"text": "At first, the cities must have been inhospitable, little more than defensive garrisons."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Founding of cities",
"text": "The cities' locations reflected trade routes as well as defensive positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Founding of cities",
"text": "The first, and greatest, was Alexandria in Egypt, which would become one of the leading Mediterranean cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Philip's heir | Regency and ascent of Macedon",
"text": "He colonized it with Greeks, and founded a city named Alexandropolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most notably Alexandria in Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Some of the cities he founded became major cultural centers, many surviving into the 21st century."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest of the Persian Empire | Asia Minor",
"text": "From Halicarnassus, Alexander proceeded into mountainous Lycia and the Pamphylian plain, asserting control over all coastal cities to deny the Persians naval bases."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Macedon | Consolidation of power",
"text": "He found the Thessalian army occupying the pass between Mount Olympus and Mount Ossa, and ordered his men to ride over Mount Ossa."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Founding of cities",
"text": "Following Alexander's death, many Greeks who had settled there tried to return to Greece."
}
] |
Alexander founded over 40 cities, most of them west of the Tigris.
| 3 | 7 |
Alexander the Great
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | Noon phase | Henry House Hill",
"text": "The capture of the Union guns turned the tide of battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Union retreat",
"text": "The retreat was relatively orderly up to the Bull Run crossings, but was poorly managed by the Union officers."
}
] |
5Gumyra5KBF31dj4B5aI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | Noon phase | Henry House Hill",
"text": "Jackson posted his five regiments on the reverse slope of the hill, where they were shielded from direct fire, and was able to assemble 13 guns for the defensive line, which he posted on the crest of the hill; as the guns fired, their recoil moved them down the reverse slope, where they could be safely reloaded."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Union retreat",
"text": "In the disorder that followed, hundreds of Union troops were taken prisoner."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Noon phase | Henry House Hill",
"text": "As additional Federal infantry engaged, the Confederates were pushed back and they reformed and the guns changed hands several times."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Confederate",
"text": "Although the combined strength of both Confederate armies was about 34,000, only about 18,000 were actually engaged at the First Battle of Bull Run."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | McDowell's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign",
"text": "After two days of marching slowly in the sweltering heat, the Union army was allowed to rest in Centreville."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Noon phase | Henry House Hill",
"text": "Their 11 guns engaged in a fierce artillery duel across 300 yards (270 m) against Jackson's 13."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | McDowell's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign",
"text": "From here, these divisions could outflank the Confederate line and march into the Confederate rear."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Noon phase | Henry House Hill",
"text": "The capture of the Union guns turned the tide of battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Union",
"text": "was about 35,000 although only about 18,000 were actually engaged."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | McDowell's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign",
"text": "Union Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson's 18,000 men engaged Johnston's force (the Army of the Shenandoah at 8,884 effectives, augmented by Maj."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Union retreat",
"text": "The retreat was relatively orderly up to the Bull Run crossings, but was poorly managed by the Union officers."
}
] |
The Union Army had to reverse their march after they engaged with the Confederates and had their guns taken.
| 0 | 0 |
First Battle of Bull Run
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Hebrew: כּוֹרֶשׁ, Modern: Kōréš, Tiberian: Kōréš; c. 600 – 530 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire."
}
] |
5GzfIuFRIzVstDhE7xmY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rise and military campaigns | Lydian Empire and Asia Minor",
"text": "The Lydians first attacked the Achaemenid Empire's city of Pteria in Cappadocia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Hebrew: כּוֹרֶשׁ, Modern: Kōréš, Tiberian: Kōréš; c. 600 – 530 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In order to acquire her realm, Cyrus first sent an offer of marriage to their ruler, the empress Tomyris, a proposal she rejected."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise and military campaigns | Median Empire",
"text": "Cyrus the Great succeeded to the throne in 559 BC following his father's death; however, Cyrus was not yet an independent ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Many of the Iranian dynasties following the Achaemenid Empire and their kings saw themselves as the heirs to Cyrus the Great and have claimed to continue the line begun by Cyrus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cyrus built his empire by first conquering the Median Empire, then the Lydian Empire, and eventually the Neo-Babylonian Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Dynastic history",
"text": "the Great and that his family was of Teispid and Anshanite origin instead of Achaemenid."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise and military campaigns | Neo-Babylonian Empire",
"text": "At the end of Cyrus' rule, the Achaemenid Empire stretched from Asia Minor in the west to the Indus River in the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise and military campaigns | Lydian Empire and Asia Minor",
"text": "Shortly before the final Battle of Thymbra between the two rulers, Harpagus advised Cyrus the Great to place his dromedaries in front of his warriors; the Lydian horses, not used to the dromedaries' smell, would be very afraid."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Due in part to the political infrastructure he created, the Achaemenid Empire endured long after his death."
}
] |
Cyrus the Great was the first ruler of the Achaemenid Empire.
| 0 | 0 |
Cyrus the Great
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rice played his entire 16-year baseball career for the Boston Red Sox."
}
] |
5H3sswnVJqSzA3EvNuS8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Edward Rice (born March 8, 1953), nicknamed \"Jim Ed\", is a former Major League Baseball left fielder and designated hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rice played his entire 16-year baseball career for the Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement activities",
"text": "While the Red Sox hitting coach, the team led the league in hitting in 1997 and players won two batting titles."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "During the 2007 season, the Pawtucket Red Sox started a campaign to get Rice inducted which included having fans sign \"the World's Largest Jim Rice Jersey.\" Although other players have compiled career statistics more similar to Rice's, most notably 1999 Hall inductee Orlando Cepeda, perhaps the most similar player to Rice was 1968 inductee Joe Medwick."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement activities",
"text": "On November 29, 2008, the Boston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) announced that Rice would be the recipient of the Emil Fuchs Award for long and meritorious service to baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the late 1970s he was part of one of the sport's great outfields along with Fred Lynn and Dwight Evans (who was his teammate for his entire career); Rice continued the tradition of his predecessors Ted Williams and Carl Yastrzemski as a power-hitting left fielder who played his entire career for the Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement activities",
"text": "In 1990, Rice agreed to play with the St. Petersburg Pelicans of the short-lived Senior Professional Baseball Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Career accomplishments",
"text": "In 1981, Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included him in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career accomplishments",
"text": "He is tied for the AL record of leading the league in total bases for three straight seasons, and was one of three AL players to have three straight seasons of hitting at least 39 home runs while batting .315 or higher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He joined Ty Cobb as one of two players to lead the AL in total bases three years in a row."
}
] |
Jim Rice spend his whole career with one baseball team.
| 0 | 0 |
Jim Rice
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Infante Dom Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu (4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460), better known as Prince Henry the Navigator (Portuguese: Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador), was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion."
}
] |
5I6dG3DE9R0oKXtiBXXa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin of the \"Navigator\" nickname",
"text": "No one used the nickname \"Navigator\" to refer to prince Henry during his lifetime or in the following three centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Vila do Infante and Portuguese exploration",
"text": "It is traditionally suggested that Henry gathered at his villa on the Sagres peninsula a school of navigators and map-makers."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin of the \"Navigator\" nickname",
"text": "Later on it was made popular by two British authors who included it in the titles of their biographies of the prince: Henry Major in 1868 and Raymond Beazley in 1895."
},
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations",
"text": "Most of the voyages sent out by Henry consisted of one or two ships that navigated by following the coast, stopping at night to tie up along some shore."
},
{
"section_header": "Vila do Infante and Portuguese exploration",
"text": "He did employ some cartographers to chart the coast of Mauritania after the voyages he sent there, but there was no center of navigation science or observatory in the modern sense of the word, nor was there an organized navigational center."
},
{
"section_header": "Resources and income",
"text": "Henry also had other resources."
},
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations",
"text": "The caravel used the lateen sail, the prevailing rig in Christian Mediterranean navigation since late antiquity."
},
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations",
"text": "During Prince Henry's time and after, the Portuguese navigators discovered and perfected the North Atlantic Volta"
},
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations",
"text": "This was a major step in the history of navigation, when an understanding of oceanic wind patterns was crucial to Atlantic navigation, from Africa and the open ocean to Europe, and enabled the main route between the New World and Europe in the North Atlantic in future voyages of discovery."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin of the \"Navigator\" nickname",
"text": "The term was coined by two nineteenth-century German historians: Heinrich Schaefer and Gustave de Veer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Infante Dom Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu (4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460), better known as Prince Henry the Navigator (Portuguese: Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador), was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion."
}
] |
Henry the Navigator was Spanish.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry the Navigator
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Suicide attempts",
"text": "On December 2, 1979, Elvita Adams jumped from the 86th floor, only to be blown back onto a ledge on the 85th floor by a gust of wind and left with a broken hip."
}
] |
5IS9W0ifB4134OQ3heTa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Suicide attempts",
"text": "Only one person has jumped from the upper observatory."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Suicide attempts",
"text": "On December 16, 1943, William Lloyd Rambo jumped to his death from the 86th floor, landing amidst Christmas shoppers on the street below."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Features | Lights",
"text": "The building also has been lit to commemorate the deaths of notable personalities."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Suicide attempts",
"text": "On December 2, 1979, Elvita Adams jumped from the 86th floor, only to be blown back onto a ledge on the 85th floor by a gust of wind and left with a broken hip."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Shootings",
"text": "He killed one person and wounded six others before committing suicide."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Suicide attempts",
"text": "A 7-foot (2.1 m) mesh fence was put up around the 86th floor terrace in December 1947 after five people tried to jump during a three-week span in October and November of that year."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning process | Design changes",
"text": "Raskob, wishing to have the Empire State Building be the world's tallest, reviewed the plans and had five floors added as well as a spire; however, the new floors would need to be set back because of projected wind pressure on the extension."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Exterior",
"text": "A December 1930 feature in Popular Mechanics estimated that a building with the Empire State's dimensions would still stand even if hit with an impact of 50 short tons (45 long tons).The Empire State Building design has a recessed design, including one major setback and several smaller ones that reduce the level dimensions as the height increases, thus making upper 81 floors much smaller than the lower five floors."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning process | Design changes",
"text": "The addition of the dirigible station meant that another floor, the now-enclosed 86th floor, would have to be built below the crown; however, unlike the Chrysler's spire, the Empire State's mast would serve a practical purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Opening and early years",
"text": "The opening was marked with an event featuring United States President Herbert Hoover, who turned on the building's lights with the ceremonial button push from Washington, D.C.."
}
] |
One person tried to jump to a certain death from the Empire State but a brief increase in the speed of the wind push them to the floor below, saving their life.
| 0 | 0 |
Empire State Building
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After receiving no scholarship offers following graduation, Puckett went to work on an assembly line for Ford Motor Company."
}
] |
5J6sY2FTbA7gF6jqzBYD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played baseball for Calumet High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kirby Puckett (March 14, 1960 – March 6, 2006) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | 1991–1995 (Second World Series title)",
"text": "subsequent 1991 World Series was ranked by ESPN to be the best ever played, with four games decided on the final pitch and three games going into extra innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, he was given a chance to attend Bradley University and after one year transferred to Triton College."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 12-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career as a center fielder for the Minnesota Twins (1984–1995)."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Puckett was survived by his son Kirby Jr. and daughter Catherine."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After receiving no scholarship offers following graduation, Puckett went to work on an assembly line for Ford Motor Company."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | 1991–1995 (Second World Series title)",
"text": "Puckett gave the Twins an early lead by driving in Chuck Knoblauch with a triple in the first inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "In 1993, he received the Branch Rickey Award for his lifetime of community service work."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Soon after, the Twins made him an executive vice-president of the team and he would also receive the 1996 Roberto Clemente Award for community service."
}
] |
Kirby Puckett did receive a donation to play baseball in college.
| 0 | 0 |
Kirby Puckett
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It became the pilgrimage centre of the Hindu religion."
}
] |
5JUD0rGgiiCKcZjqC16w
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Hindu monuments | Virupaksha temple and market complex",
"text": "The Virupaksha temple is the oldest shrine, the principal destination for pilgrims and tourists, and remains an active Hindu worship site."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Hindu monuments | Virupaksha temple and market complex",
"text": "According to local tradition, the Virupaksha is the only temple that continued to be a gathering place of Hindus and frequented by pilgrims after the destruction of Hampi in 1565."
},
{
"section_header": "Texts and history",
"text": "The regional tradition believes that it is that place mentioned in the Ramayana, attracting pilgrims."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hampi continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple, an active Adi Shankara-linked monastery and various monuments belonging to the old city."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Hindu monuments | Hemakuta hill monuments",
"text": "The site has several important inscriptions, is easily accessible and provides views of the some parts of Hampi and the fertile, agricultural valley that separates the sacred centre from the urban core with its royal centre."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Hindu monuments | Hemakuta hill monuments",
"text": "One of these groups has a historically important inscription that records that Kampila built the monument in the early 14th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Texts and history | Ancient to 14th century CE",
"text": "Hampi became the second royal residence; one of the Hoysala kings was known as Hampeya-Odeya or \"lord of Hampi\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Hindu monuments | Achyutaraya temple and market complex",
"text": "It is one of the four largest complexes in Hampi."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Hindu monuments | Mahanavami platform, public square complex",
"text": "This was burnt down during the destruction of Hampi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hampi or Hampe, also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-central Karnataka, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It became the pilgrimage centre of the Hindu religion."
}
] |
Hampi is an important destination for Buddhist pilgrims.
| 1 | 4 |
Hampi
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Morphology | Microscopic structures",
"text": "Hyphae also sometimes fuse when they come into contact, a process called hyphal fusion (or anastomosis)."
},
{
"section_header": "Morphology | Microscopic structures",
"text": "These growth processes lead to the development of a mycelium, an interconnected network of hyphae."
}
] |
5JhvAr5lhcGPwNglznQ6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Sexual reproduction",
"text": "In sexually reproducing fungi, compatible individuals may combine by fusing their hyphae together into an interconnected network; this process, anastomosis, is required for the initiation of the sexual cycle."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Other sexual processes",
"text": "Besides regular sexual reproduction with meiosis, certain fungi, such as those in the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus, may exchange genetic material via parasexual processes, initiated by anastomosis between hyphae and plasmogamy of fungal cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Morphology | Microscopic structures",
"text": "Hyphae also sometimes fuse when they come into contact, a process called hyphal fusion (or anastomosis)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "The fungal cell wall is composed of glucans and chitin; while glucans are also found in plants and chitin in the exoskeleton of arthropods, fungi are the only organisms that combine these two structural molecules in their cell wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Sexual reproduction",
"text": "Compatible haploid hyphae fuse to produce a dikaryotic mycelium."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "The cells of most fungi grow as tubular, elongated, and thread-like (filamentous) structures called hyphae, which may contain multiple nuclei and extend by growing at their tips."
},
{
"section_header": "Morphology | Microscopic structures",
"text": "These growth processes lead to the development of a mycelium, an interconnected network of hyphae."
},
{
"section_header": "Morphology | Microscopic structures",
"text": "Septate hyphae are divided into compartments separated by cross walls (internal cell walls, called septa, that are formed at right angles to the cell wall giving the hypha its shape), with each compartment containing one or more nuclei; coenocytic hyphae are not compartmentalized."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Asexual reproduction",
"text": "Mycelial fragmentation occurs when a fungal mycelium separates into pieces, and each component grows into a separate mycelium."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "With other eukaryotes: Fungal cells contain membrane-bound nuclei with chromosomes that contain DNA with noncoding regions called introns and coding regions called exons."
}
] |
Fungi are built from the combination of hyphae, fungal cells which join together via an event called anastomosis into a mycelium.
| 2 | 10 |
Fungi
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As the posse led by humane Sheriff Max Muller (Theodore Bikel) gets close, the escapees can hear the dogs on their trail."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The men agree to split up. However, after Cullen leaves, the woman reveals that she had lied — she sent Cullen into the dangerous swamp to die to eliminate any chance he would be captured and perhaps reveal where Joker had gone."
}
] |
5JjmnOKLp57BEUeiQboW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Defiant Ones is a 1958 adventure drama film which tells the story of two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Despite their mutual hatred, they are forced to cooperate, as they are chained together."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "In the \"Coyote Lovely\" episode, after handcuffing Lana and Cyril together, Archer says \"... just like The Defiant Ones.\" In the video game Red Dead Redemption 2, a side mission involves two shackled men, Mr. Black & Mr. White, escaping a chain gang."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "The basis of The Defiant Ones was revisited several times in popular media: Warner Bros. parodied the film in Friz Freleng's 1961 cartoon D' Fightin' Ones, in which Sylvester the Cat escapes from captivity in a dogcatcher truck while chained to a bulldog."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As the posse led by humane Sheriff Max Muller (Theodore Bikel) gets close, the escapees can hear the dogs on their trail."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Variety magazine likewise praised the acting and discussed the film's major theme, writing, \"The theme of The Defiant Ones is that what keeps men apart is their lack of knowledge of one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "When the film was first released, Bosley Crowther, film critic for The New York Times, lauded the production and the acting in the film, writing, \"A remarkably apt and dramatic visualization of a social idea—the idea of men of different races brought together to face misfortune in a bond of brotherhood—is achieved by producer Stanley Kramer in his new film, The Defiant Ones... Between the two principal performers there isn't much room for a choice."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "One night in the American South, a truck loaded with prisoners in the back swerves to miss another truck and crashes through a barrier."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The two missing men are Noah Cullen (Sidney Poitier) and John \"Joker\" Jackson (Tony Curtis)."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "The film was paid homage to by the 1992 Quantum Leap episode \"Unchained,\" in which protagonist Sam Beckett lands in the body of a white Mississippi road-gang worker chained to a wrongly convicted black man, and the two must escape together or be murdered by the corrupt warden."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The men agree to split up. However, after Cullen leaves, the woman reveals that she had lied — she sent Cullen into the dangerous swamp to die to eliminate any chance he would be captured and perhaps reveal where Joker had gone."
}
] |
The Defiant Ones is a 1958 adventure drama film about two men forced to get along to escape the posse, forcing them through the desert.
| 0 | 0 |
The Defiant Ones
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life through high school",
"text": "He grew up in nearby Pearsall, in Frio County, where his father was a junior high school mathematics teacher and the owner of a 2,000-acre (810 ha) cattle ranch outside of Big Wells, Texas."
}
] |
5Jw0xCNo91ZadjWA1chJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life through high school",
"text": "George and his brother John Jr. (1950–2009), were raised by their father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life through high school",
"text": "He grew up in nearby Pearsall, in Frio County, where his father was a junior high school mathematics teacher and the owner of a 2,000-acre (810 ha) cattle ranch outside of Big Wells, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life through high school",
"text": "When George was in the fourth grade, his father and mother were divorced, and his mother moved away with his sister, Pency."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "Governor Rick Perry, who was in attendance with First Lady Anita Thigpen Perry, announced that henceforth, May 18, Strait's birthday, would be \"George Strait Day\" in Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2010s",
"text": "Alright\"—bringing Strait's number-one singles total to 59."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strait's success began when his first single \"Unwound\" was a hit in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s",
"text": "\"You'll Be There\", marking Strait's first appearance on the adult contemporary chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"In February 2012, Strait became a grandfather when George Strait Jr. and his wife Tamara had their first child, a son, George Harvey Strait III."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s",
"text": "Strait's single \"Living for the Night\" was released on May 28, 2009, and was written by Strait, his son Bubba, and Dean Dillon."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s",
"text": "It featured 15 new songs. Strait's long-time friend and songwriter, Dean Dillon, co-wrote two of the songs on the album."
}
] |
Georges Strait's father was a teacher.
| 2 | 4 |
George Strait
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "The two worked through it together, and after being trimmed by 60,000 words, the novel was published in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "Perkins was impressed with the young author's talent, but requested that Wolfe rewrite the novel to a more publishable size."
}
] |
5KS1TRf5Iu94wZXlmQ6x
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a 1929 novel by Thomas Wolfe."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wolfe, Thomas (1929). Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wolfe, Thomas (2000). O Lost: A Story of the Buried Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "\"The title of Thomas Wolfe's novel comes from the John Milton poem Lycidas: \"Look homeward Angel now, and melt with ruth: And, O ye Dolphins, waft the hapless youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "O Lost, the original \"author's cut\" of Look Homeward, Angel, was reconstructed by scholars Arlyn and Matthew Bruccoli and published in 2000 on the centennial of Wolfe's birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A restored version of the original manuscript of Look Homeward, Angel, entitled, O Lost, was published in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel was published in 1929 to generally positive reviews in North America, most praising the author's brilliance and emotional power."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is Wolfe's first novel, and is considered a highly autobiographical American coming-of-age story."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel is written in a \"stream of consciousness\" narrative reminiscent of James Joyce."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and performances",
"text": "Frings' adaptation of Look Homeward"
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "The two worked through it together, and after being trimmed by 60,000 words, the novel was published in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "Perkins was impressed with the young author's talent, but requested that Wolfe rewrite the novel to a more publishable size."
}
] |
Thomas Wolfe's novel Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life was published posthumously.
| 0 | 0 |
Look Homeward, Angel
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After finishing high school at Southport High School, he began working at a steel mill instead of attending college due to his poor grades at school."
}
] |
5Kqst2Gxsaspk9wjIpyv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Peak years",
"text": "On July 1, 1931, in a game against the Chicago Cubs, Klein hit for the cycle, going 4-for-5 with five RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "The Phillies honored him on the outfield wall of Veterans Stadium with his name and an Old English-style \"P\" where a retired uniform number would go."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Peak years",
"text": "The notoriously stingy owner of the Phillies William Baker defended the addition of the screen stating \"a number of accidents happen[ing] on Broad street owing to the balls going over the fence and hitting pedestrians, also damaging automobiles, breaking windshields, etc."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Klein joined the Phillies in July."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Klein was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the son of immigrant farmers Frank and Margaret Klein."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "On November 21, 1933 Klein was traded to the Cubs for $65,000 (equivalent to $1,283,792 in 2019) and three other players, Klein did not perform as well in Chicago as he did when he was with the Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Richard Nixon put Klein on his all time baseball team, the campaigning worked, and Klein was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1980 via the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Klein was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on October 7, 1904."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "By 1947, Klein was living with his brother, and his wife in Indianapolis, Indiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After finishing high school at Southport High School, he began working at a steel mill instead of attending college due to his poor grades at school."
}
] |
Chuck Klein did not go to university.
| 0 | 0 |
Chuck Klein
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "Der geheime Kurier (The Secret Courier) is a silent 1928 German film by Gennaro Righelli, featuring Ivan Mosjoukine, Lil Dagover, and Valeria Blanka."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Rouge et le Noir (French pronunciation: [lə ʁuʒ e l(ə) nwaʁ]; meaning The Red and the Black) is a historical psychological novel in two volumes by Stendhal, published in 1830."
}
] |
5KsF6uwWnih2kFYYXDmE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "A made-for-TV film version of the novel called The Red and the Black was first broadcast in 1997 by Koch Lorber Films, starring Kim Rossi Stuart, Carole Bouquet, and Judith Godrèche; it was directed by Jean-Daniel Verhaeghe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Rouge et le Noir (French pronunciation: [lə ʁuʒ e l(ə) nwaʁ]; meaning The Red and the Black) is a historical psychological novel in two volumes by Stendhal, published in 1830."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In English, Le Rouge et le Noir is variously translated as Red and Black, Scarlet and Black, and The Red and the Black, without the subtitle."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "A BBC TV miniseries in five episodes, The Scarlet and the Black, was made in 1965, starring John Stride, June Tobin, and Karin Fernald."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The 2006 translation by Burton Raffel for the Modern Library edition generally earned positive reviews, with Salon.com saying, \"[Burton Raffel's] exciting new translation of The Red and the Black blasts Stendhal into the twenty-first century.\" Michael Johnson, writing in The New York Times, said, \"Now ‘The Red and the Black‘ is getting a new lease on life with an updated English-language version by the renowned translator Burton Raffel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary and critical significance",
"text": "André Gide said that The Red and the Black was a novel ahead of its time, that it was a novel for readers in the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title is taken to refer to the tension between the clerical (black) and secular (red) interests of the protagonist, but this interpretation is but one of many."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "In that 19th-century context, the word \"hypocrisy\" denoted the affectation of high religious sentiment; in The Red and the Black it connotes the contradiction between thinking and feeling."
},
{
"section_header": "Burned in 1964 Brazil",
"text": "His version has all but replaced the decorous text produced in the 1920s by the Scottish-born writer-translator C.K. Scott-Moncrieff.\" Following the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état, General Justino Alves Bastos, commander of the Third Army, ordered, in Rio Grande do Sul, the burning of all \"subversive books.\" Among the books he branded as subversive was The Red and the Black."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "Красное и чёрное ( Krasnoe i čërnoe) (Red and Black) is a 1976 Soviet film version, directed by Sergei Gerasimov, with Nikolai Yeryomenko Ml, Natalya Bondarchuk, and Natalya Belokhvostikova."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "Der geheime Kurier (The Secret Courier) is a silent 1928 German film by Gennaro Righelli, featuring Ivan Mosjoukine, Lil Dagover, and Valeria Blanka."
}
] |
The Red and the Black is a book by Stendhal and made into movies.
| 0 | 3 |
The Red and the Black
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "IPA: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃w dɨ mɐɣɐˈʎɐ̃jʃ]; Spanish: Fernando de Magallanes, IPA: [feɾˈnando ðe maɣaˈʎanes]; c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, which was completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano."
}
] |
5L3J7efV6VFTVGLediKu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The expedition reached the Philippine islands, where Magellan was killed during the Battle of Mactan."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation following circumnavigation",
"text": "The expedition was assumed to have perished."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Quincentenary",
"text": "It gave prominence to Pigafetta, the chronicler of the expedition."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation following circumnavigation",
"text": "The first news of the expedition came from the crew of the San Antonio, led by Estêvão Gomes, which deserted the fleet in the Strait of Magellan and returned to Seville 6 May 1521."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyage of circumnavigation | Background and preparations",
"text": "After having his proposed expeditions to the Spice Islands repeatedly rejected by King Manuel of Portugal, Magellan turned to Charles I, the young King of Spain (and future Holy Roman Emperor)."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyage of circumnavigation | Voyage",
"text": "Of the 270 men who left with the expedition, only 18 or 19 survivors returned."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Appreciation of Magellan's accomplishments may have been enhanced over time by the failure of subsequent expeditions which attempted to retrace his route, beginning with the Loaísa expedition in 1525 (which featured Juan Sebastián Elcano as second-in-command)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and travels",
"text": "In September, after arriving at Malacca, the expedition fell victim to a conspiracy ending in retreat."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and travels",
"text": "Serrão departed in the first expedition sent to find the \"Spice Islands\" in the Moluccas, where he remained."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyage of circumnavigation | Background and preparations",
"text": "Hoping that this would yield a commercially useful trade route for Spain, Charles approved the expedition, and provided most of the funding."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "IPA: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃w dɨ mɐɣɐˈʎɐ̃jʃ]; Spanish: Fernando de Magallanes, IPA: [feɾˈnando ðe maɣaˈʎanes]; c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, which was completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano."
}
] |
Magellan organized the French expedition.
| 0 | 1 |
Ferdinand Magellan
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With the rise of the Nazi Party, Schoenberg's works were labeled degenerate music, because they were modernist and atonal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He emigrated to the United States in 1933, becoming an American citizen in 1941."
}
] |
5L52abHqFkfvHnllov1x
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (, US also ; German: [ˈʃøːnbɛɐ̯k] (listen); 13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951) was an Austrian-born composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With the rise of the Nazi Party, Schoenberg's works were labeled degenerate music, because they were modernist and atonal."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Superstition and death",
"text": "He died on Friday, 13 July 1951, shortly before midnight."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Third Reich and move to the United States",
"text": "After his move to the United States, where he arrived on 31 October 1933 (Slonimsky, Kuhn, and McIntire 2001), the composer used the alternative spelling of his surname Schoenberg, rather than Schönberg, in what he called \"deference to American practice\" (Foss 1951, 401), though according to one writer he first made the change a year earlier (Ross 2007, 45)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Superstition and death",
"text": "The composer had triskaidekaphobia (the fear of the number 13), and according to friend Katia Mann, he feared he would die during a year that was a multiple of 13 (quoted in Lebrecht 1985, 294)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He emigrated to the United States in 1933, becoming an American citizen in 1941."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Superstition and death",
"text": "= 13 (Nuria Schoenberg-Nono, quoted in Lebrecht 1985, 295)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Third Reich and move to the United States",
"text": "Schoenberg continued in his post until the Nazis came to power in 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1901–1914: experimenting in atonality",
"text": "Who's Who n.d.). In October 1901, Schoenberg married Mathilde Zemlinsky, the sister of the conductor and composer Alexander von Zemlinsky, with whom Schoenberg had been studying since about 1894."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Third Reich and move to the United States",
"text": "\" Schoenberg also at one time explored the idea of emigrating to New Zealand."
}
] |
Arnold Schoenberg ( US also ; German: [ˈʃøːnbɛɐ̯k] (listen); 13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951) was an Austrian-born composer, music theorist that emigrated to the United States in 1943, and who's works were labeled degenerate music, because they were modernist and atonal with the rise of the Nazi Party.
| 0 | 0 |
Arnold Schoenberg
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Michael McGillicuddy's father was named Cornelius McGillicuddy, and by tradition, the family named at least one son in each generation Cornelius."
}
] |
5LNDTLP2h9Al9nbdC1kd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Connie Mack never legally changed his name; on the occasion of his second marriage at age 48, he signed the wedding register as \"Cornelius McGillicuddy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\" Connie\" is a common nickname for Cornelius, so Cornelius McGillicuddy was called \"Connie Mack\" from an early age."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Michael McGillicuddy's father was named Cornelius McGillicuddy, and by tradition, the family named at least one son in each generation Cornelius."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He did not have a middle name, but many accounts erroneously give him the middle name \"Alexander\"; this error probably arose because his son Cornelius McGillicuddy Jr. took Alexander as his confirmation name."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "At the same time, Cochrane was named general manager—thus stripping Connie, Sr. of his remaining authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cornelius McGillicuddy (December 22, 1862 – February 8, 1956), better known as Connie Mack, was an American professional baseball catcher, manager, and team owner."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Owner",
"text": "In return, Mack was allowed to buy a 25 percent stake, and was named treasurer of the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mack was born Cornelius McGillicuddy in Brookfield, Massachusetts, in what is now East Brookfield on December 22, 1862."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Cornelius Jr. A faithful Catholic his entire life"
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "He always called his players by their given names."
}
] |
Connie Mack was named after his grandfather Cornelius.
| 1 | 4 |
Connie Mack
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Climate",
"text": "Dubai summers are also known for the very high humidity level, which can make it very uncomfortable for many with exceptionally high dew points in summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate",
"text": "Summers in Dubai are extremely hot, prolonged, windy, and humid, with an average high around 40 °C (104 °F) and overnight lows around 30 °C (86 °F) in the hottest month, August."
}
] |
5LjEcq6j5N3LScEgjcrw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dubai ( doo-BY; Arabic: دبي, romanized: Dubayy [dʊˈbajj], Gulf Arabic pronunciation: [dəˈbaj]) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity and languages",
"text": "Arabic is the national and official language of the United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "The school system in Dubai follows that of the United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates provides for freedom of religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Law enforcement",
"text": "Dubai and Ras al Khaimah are the only emirates that do not conform to the federal judicial system of the United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dubai Miracle Garden",
"text": "During the summer seasons from late May to September when the climate can get extremely hot with an average high of about 40 °C (104 °F), the garden stays closed."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity and languages",
"text": "The Gulf dialect of Arabic is spoken natively by the Emirati people."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Dubai is situated on the Persian Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates and is roughly at sea level (16 m or 52 ft above)."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate",
"text": "Summers in Dubai are extremely hot, prolonged, windy, and humid, with an average high around 40 °C (104 °F) and overnight lows around 30 °C (86 °F) in the hottest month, August."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Major holidays in Dubai include Eid al Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, and National Day (2 December), which marks the formation of the United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate",
"text": "Dubai summers are also known for the very high humidity level, which can make it very uncomfortable for many with exceptionally high dew points in summer."
}
] |
Dubai is the city in the United Arab Emirates with the most amount of people and has a crazy hot dry summer
| 0 | 0 |
Dubai
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His family was of English and Scottish descent."
}
] |
5MFNBTy0yiaOpQEvnd0H
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "The New York Yankees negotiated for Chance's release from the Cubs after the 1912 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Retired players participated in an exhibition game in Chance's honor in 1937.The City of Hope National Medical Center"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Joe DiMaggio played in the first-ever game at Frank Chance Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "created the Frank L. Chance Research Fellowship Foundation in his memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Career summary | Overview",
"text": "Chance's lifetime record as a manager was 946–648 (.593 winning percentage); his .664 winning percentage as manager of the Cubs is the highest in franchise history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1903, Chance became the Cubs' regular first baseman, and in 1905, he succeeded Frank Selee as the team's manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frank Leroy Chance (September 9, 1877 – September 15, 1924) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "As Bill Hanlon, the Cubs' first baseman, left the team, manager Frank Selee moved Chance to first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "After this was accepted by team owner Frank J. Farrell, Chance resigned with three weeks remaining in the season, and Peckinpaugh served as player–manager for the remainder of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His family was of English and Scottish descent."
}
] |
Frank Chance's household had roots from the United Kingdom.
| 2 | 3 |
Frank Chance
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The structure is a triumphal arch made of basalt, which is 26 metres (85 feet) high."
}
] |
5MkBOFUExESmNvmvvz8O
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Tourism and development",
"text": "Under this scheme, companies and corporates can adopt heritage monuments and give out funds for their maintenance, to satisfy their corporate social responsibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Events and incidents",
"text": "Protestors were later relocated from the gateway premises to Azad Maidan in Mumbai to ease the movement of traffic and people."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time of the royal visit, the gateway was not yet built, and a cardboard structure greeted the monarch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early twentieth century in the city of Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra."
},
{
"section_header": "History and significance",
"text": "The gateway was built to commemorate the arrival of George V, Emperor of India and Mary of Teck, Empress consort, in India at Apollo Bunder, Mumbai (then Bombay) on 2 December 1911 prior to the Delhi Durbar of 1911; it was the first visit of a British monarch to India."
},
{
"section_header": "History and significance",
"text": "However, they only got to see a cardboard model of the monument, as construction did not begin until 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The structure is a triumphal arch made of basalt, which is 26 metres (85 feet) high."
},
{
"section_header": "History and significance",
"text": "Gammon India had undertaken construction work for the gateway."
},
{
"section_header": "History and significance",
"text": "Today the gateway is synonymous with the city of Mumbai."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism and development",
"text": "The gateway is amongst the prime tourist attractions in Mumbai."
}
] |
The Gateway of India in Mumbai was originally made out of cardboard but was later remade out of marble and cement.
| 2 | 8 |
Gateway of India
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the primary international airport serving New York City."
}
] |
5N8LwIP0b3TDvsacKVGH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963, the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport as a tribute to the 35th President."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK) (colloquially referred to as JFK Airport) is an international airport in Queens, New York, USA."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later operation",
"text": "The airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport on December 24, 1963, a month and two days after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy; Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. proposed the renaming to JFK."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Runways",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport spans 5,200 acres or 21 square kilometers (8.1 sq mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally called Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) after the Idlewild Beach Golf Course that it displaced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the primary international airport serving New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Accidents and incidents",
"text": "Four arrested in plot to bomb infrastructure at JFK International Airport, New York City at Wikinews JFK airport terminal evacuated due to suspicious package at Wikinews"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "In March 1948, the City Council changed the official name to New York International Airport, Anderson Field, but the common name remained \"Idlewild\" until the end of 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Ground transportation",
"text": "JFK Airport is connected to the New York City Subway and Long Island Rail Road by AirTrain JFK."
}
] |
The John F. Kennedy International Airport is an airport that supports the New York City area.
| 0 | 0 |
John F. Kennedy International Airport
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Puyi's life is depicted from his ascent to the throne as a small boy to his imprisonment and political rehabilitation by the Communist Party of China."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Emperor (Italian: L'ultimo imperatore; Chinese: 末代皇帝) is a 1987 epic biographical drama film, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China,"
}
] |
5NCv2t5EnwbZdnTv9Z8B
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The Chinese preferred The Last Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Emperor (Italian: L'ultimo imperatore; Chinese: 末代皇帝) is a 1987 epic biographical drama film, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China,"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After telling him that the previous emperor had died earlier that day, with her last words, Cixi tells Puyi that he will be the next emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Last Emperor had an unusual run in theatres."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "I think there is a relationship between these scenes in The Last Emperor and in 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Amazed by the gift, the boy turns to talk to Puyi, but the emperor has disappeared."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Hemdale, in turn, licensed theatrical rights to Columbia Pictures, who were initially reluctant to release it, and only after shooting was completed did the head of Columbia agree to distribute The Last Emperor in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical omissions",
"text": "In Japan, the Shochiku Fuji Company edited out a thirty-second sequence from The Last Emperor depicting the Rape of Nanjing before distributing it to Japanese theatres, without Bertolucci's consent."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Were it not for this late push, The Last Emperor would have joined The English Patient, Amadeus, and The Hurt Locker as the only Best Picture winners to not enter the weekend box office top 5 since these numbers were first recorded in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Puyi's life is depicted from his ascent to the throne as a small boy to his imprisonment and political rehabilitation by the Communist Party of China."
}
] |
The Last Emperor is a movie about Puyi, a Chinese man, from his childhood to his imprisonment.
| 0 | 0 |
The Last Emperor
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Details of Hudson's birth and early life are mostly unknown."
}
] |
5NEAAFMpr3VHJh5hI3cJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Hudson (c. 1565 – disappeared 23 June 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the northeastern United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Details of Hudson's birth and early life are mostly unknown."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Some sources have identified Henry Hudson as having been born in about 1565, but others date his birth to around 1570."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hudson is thought to have spent many years at sea, beginning as a cabin boy and gradually working his way up to ship's captain."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Other historians assert even less certainty; Peter C. Mancall, for instance, states that \"[Hudson] was probably born in the 1560s,\" while Piers Pennington gives no date at all."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The gulf or bay visited by Hudson is twice the size of the Baltic Sea, and its many large estuaries afford access to otherwise landlocked parts of Western Canada and the Arctic."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1610–1611 | Mutiny",
"text": "The latter, a navigator, had accompanied Hudson on the 1609 expedition, and his account is said to be \"the best contemporary record of the voyage\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expeditions of 1607 and 1608",
"text": "Hudson reported large numbers of whales in Spitsbergen waters during this voyage."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Hudson River in New York and New Jersey is named after him, as are Hudson County, New Jersey, the Henry Hudson Bridge, the Henry Hudson Parkway, and the town of Hudson, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "This allowed the Hudson's Bay Company to exploit a lucrative fur trade along its shores for more than two centuries, growing powerful enough to influence the history and present international boundaries of western North America."
}
] |
Henry Hudson was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the northeastern United States although details of Hudson's early life are mostly unknown.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Hudson
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lodge remained in the Army Reserve after the war and eventually rose to the rank of major general."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After graduating from Harvard University, Lodge won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives."
}
] |
5NJjHRBEKmJkG4PLOyU8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (July 5, 1902 – February 27, 1985), sometimes referred to as Henry Cabot Lodge II, was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts in both Senate seats in non-consecutive terms of service and a United States ambassador."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "Jr. later wrote Lodge was \"a strong man with the bit between his teeth\" whom Kennedy could not manage."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "Dinh told the press conference: \"I have defeated Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Richardson, Elliot \"Henry Cabot Lodge\" pages 149-152 from Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children: George Cabot Lodge II (b. 1927) and Henry Sears Lodge (1930-2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was George Cabot Lodge, a poet, through whom he was a grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, great-great-grandson of Senator Elijah H. Mills, and great-great-great-grandson of Senator George Cabot."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "Attending the NSC meeting was Kennedy's younger brother, Attorney General and right-hand man, Robert Kennedy, who argued that backing a coup \"risks so much\" and stated that the most important thing was keeping the Communists out of power, which led him to back Diem."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "The news that the all Catholic Special Forces had desecrated Buddhist temples and assaulted and sometimes killed monks and nuns outraged the Buddhist majority and noticeably, many of the young people participating in the marches came from the middle and upper-class families that previously formed the bedrock of support for Diem."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Nahant, Massachusetts, Lodge was the grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and the great-grandson of Secretary of State Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "I thought it was deplorable.\" In an attempt to pressure Diem, Lodge had the Vietnamese channel of the Voice of America radio station run a program absolving the South Vietnamese Army of any responsibility for the raids on the Buddhist temples, stating the raids were the work only of the Special Forces, which were another branch of the armed forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lodge remained in the Army Reserve after the war and eventually rose to the rank of major general."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After graduating from Harvard University, Lodge won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives."
}
] |
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. was a man of many things including an Ivy League graduate and Major General in the Armed Forces.
| 0 | 3 |
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
|
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