category
stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes
int64 0
12
| gold_evidence
list | id
stringlengths 20
20
| label
stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence
list | text
stringlengths 16
429
| total_likes
int64 0
7
| total_votes
int64 0
13
| wikipedia_page
stringlengths 3
49
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Works and appearances | Songs",
"text": "Coward wrote three hundred songs."
}
] |
3WoxkK1NrhWNpWgjoM11
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works and appearances | Musicals and revues",
"text": "Coward later described it as \"over-written and under-composed\", with too much plot and too few good numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Works and appearances | Songs",
"text": "Coward wrote three hundred songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "But 2008 is proving to be the year that Britain falls in love with Noël Coward all over again."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "\"Coward spelled his first name with the diæresis (\"I didn't put the dots over the 'e' in Noël."
},
{
"section_header": "Works and appearances | Musicals and revues",
"text": "\"The Party's Over Now \".At the end of the Second World War"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He composed hundreds of songs, in addition to well over a dozen musical theatre works (including the operetta Bitter Sweet and comic revues), screenplays, poetry, several volumes of short stories, the novel Pomp and Circumstance, and a three-volume autobiography."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Inter-war successes",
"text": "These were first performed in 1942, although they were both written in 1939.Between 1929 and 1936"
},
{
"section_header": "Works and appearances | Songs",
"text": "The Noël Coward Society's website, drawing on performing statistics from the publishers and the Performing Rights Society, names \"Mad About the Boy\" (from Words and Music) as Coward's most popular song, followed, in order, by: \"I'll See You Again\" (Bitter Sweet) \"Mad Dogs and Englishmen\" (Words and Music) \"If Love Were All\" (Bitter Sweet) \"Someday I'll Find You\" (Private Lives) \"I'll Follow My Secret Heart\" (Conversation Piece) \"London Pride\" (1941) \"A Room With a View\" (This Year of Grace) \"Mrs Worthington\" (1934) \"Poor Little Rich Girl\" (On with the Dance) \"The Stately Homes of England\" (Operette)Coward was no fan of the works of Gilbert and Sullivan, but as a songwriter was nevertheless strongly influenced by them."
},
{
"section_header": "Works and appearances | Musicals and revues",
"text": "This was before his first major success as a playwright and actor, in The Vortex, written the following year and staged in 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Inter-war successes",
"text": "Design for Living, written for Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne, was so risqué, with its theme of bisexuality and a ménage à trois, that Coward premiered it in New York, knowing that it would not survive the censor in London."
}
] |
Coward has written over 400 songs.
| 0 | 0 |
Noël Coward
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Technical and historical accuracy",
"text": "The dialogue between ground control and the astronauts was taken nearly verbatim from transcripts and recordings, with the exception of one of the taglines of the film, \"Houston, we have a problem.\" (This quote was voted #50 on the list \"AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes\".) According to audio of the air-to-ground communications, the actual words uttered by Jack Swigert were \"Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here\"."
}
] |
3WqKxvTWEhM5osJyoNe2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "JeffreyThe real Jim Lovell appears as captain of the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima; Howard had intended to make him an admiral, but Lovell himself, having retired as a captain, chose to appear in his actual rank."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apollo 13 is a 1995 American space docudrama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Ed Harris, and Gary Sinise."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Preproduction and props",
"text": "When suited up with their helmets locked in place, the actors were cooled by air pumped into the suits, and so that they could breathe, exactly as in launch preparations for the real Apollo missions."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical and historical accuracy",
"text": "The dialogue between ground control and the astronauts was taken nearly verbatim from transcripts and recordings, with the exception of one of the taglines of the film, \"Houston, we have a problem.\" (This quote was voted #50 on the list \"AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes\".) According to audio of the air-to-ground communications, the actual words uttered by Jack Swigert were \"Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical and historical accuracy",
"text": "The film depicts the crew hearing a bang quickly after Swigert followed directions from mission control to stir the oxygen and hydrogen tanks."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical and historical accuracy",
"text": "The show The Real Story: Apollo 13 broadcast on the Smithsonian Channel includes Haise stating that no such argument took place and that there was no way anyone could have foreseen that stirring the tank would cause problems."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "The real Marilyn Lovell appeared among the spectators during the launch sequence."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Reportedly, the real Pete Conrad expressed interest in appearing in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical and historical accuracy",
"text": "In his DVD commentary, the real Jim Lovell says that if Swigert had been unable to dock with the LM, he or Haise could have done it."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Preproduction and props",
"text": "The real Mission Control Center consisted of two control rooms located on the second and third floors of Building 30 at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas."
}
] |
Apollo 13's famous quotation of, "Houston, we have a problem" is a direct quote from the real incident.
| 0 | 0 |
Apollo 13 (film)
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Tyger\" is a poem by the English poet William Blake, published in 1794 as part of his Songs of Experience collection."
}
] |
3YAcyFirgx5PbHCDJhnI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Literary critic Alfred Kazin calls it \"the most famous of his poems\", and The Cambridge Companion to William Blake says it is \"the most anthologized poem in English\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and critical analysis",
"text": "In \"The Tyger\" he presents a poem of \"triumphant human awareness\" and \"a hymn to pure being\", according to Kazin."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and critical analysis",
"text": "Kazin says of Blake, \"Never is he more heretical than ... where he glories in the hammer and fire out of which are struck ... the Tyger\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and critical analysis",
"text": "\"The Tyger\" presents a duality between aesthetic beauty and primal ferocity, and Blake believes that to see one, the hand that created \"The Lamb\", one must also see the other, the hand that created \"The Tyger”: \"Did he who made the Lamb make thee?\" The \"Songs of Experience\" were written as a contrary to the \"Songs of Innocence\" – a central tenet in Blake's philosophy, and central theme in his work."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Kazin says to begin to wonder about the tiger, and its nature, can only lead to a daring to wonder about it."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "\"The Tyger\" lacks narrative movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical versions",
"text": "\"The Tyger and The Fly\" (2014) Qntal –"
},
{
"section_header": "Musical versions",
"text": "\"Tyger\" (2014) Mephisto Walz –"
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In the fifth stanza, Blake wonders how the creator reacted to \"the Tyger\", and who created the creature."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical versions",
"text": "Duran Duran – \"Tiger Tiger\" (1983) Greg Brown, on the album \"Songs of Innocence and of Experience\" (1986) John Tavener – \"The Tyger\" (1987) Tangerine Dream – the album Tyger (1987) Jah Wobble – \"Tyger Tyger\" (1996) Kenneth Fuchs – Songs of Innocence and of Experience: Four Poems by William Blake for Baritone, Flute, Oboe, Cello, and Harp (completed 2006) Herbst in Peking –"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Tyger\" is a poem by the English poet William Blake, published in 1794 as part of his Songs of Experience collection."
}
] |
The Tyger is an instrumental composition written by Alfred Kazin.
| 1 | 2 |
The Tyger
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Franz Liszt (German: [ˈlɪst]; Hungarian: Liszt Ferencz, in modern usage Liszt Ferenc [ˈlist ˈfɛrɛnt͡s]; 22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, arranger, and organist of the Romantic era."
},
{
"section_header": "Pianist",
"text": "Many musicians consider Liszt to be the greatest pianist who ever lived."
}
] |
3YXxLIlXP7TvnDuXdFGR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical works | Lieder",
"text": "Franz Liszt composed about six dozen original songs with piano accompaniment."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Adam began teaching him the piano at age seven, and Franz began composing in an elementary manner when he was eight."
},
{
"section_header": "Pianist",
"text": "Many musicians consider Liszt to be the greatest pianist who ever lived."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Rome, Weimar, Budapest",
"text": "In 1866, Liszt composed the Hungarian coronation ceremony for Franz Joseph and Elisabeth of Bavaria (Latin: Missa coronationalis)."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical works | Piano music",
"text": "As special case, Liszt also made piano arrangements of his own instrumental and vocal works."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Paganini",
"text": "After attending a charity concert on 20 April 1832, for the victims of the Parisian cholera epidemic, organised by Niccolò Paganini, Liszt became determined to become as great a virtuoso on the piano as Paganini was on the violin."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "At age six, Franz began listening attentively to his father's piano playing."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical works",
"text": "Liszt was a prolific composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical works | Piano music",
"text": "On the one hand, there are \"original works\", and on the other hand \"transcriptions\", \"paraphrases\" or \"fantasies\" on works by other composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Pianist | Repertoire",
"text": "and Kreutzer Sonata and a large selection of songs by composers like Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti, Beethoven and especially Franz Schubert."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Franz Liszt (German: [ˈlɪst]; Hungarian: Liszt Ferencz, in modern usage Liszt Ferenc [ˈlist ˈfɛrɛnt͡s]; 22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, arranger, and organist of the Romantic era."
}
] |
Franz Liszt was a composer and considered a great piano player.
| 3 | 6 |
Franz Liszt
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 20th Century Fox",
"text": "Hayward then starred in three massive successes: David and Bathsheba (1951) with Gregory Peck, the most popular film of the year; With a Song in My Heart (1952), a biopic of Jane Froman, which earned her an Oscar nomination; and The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952), with Peck and Ava Gardner. RKO borrowed Hayward for The Lusty Men (1952) with Robert Mitchum, then she went back to Fox for The President's Lady (1953), playing Rachel Jackson alongside Charlton Heston; White Witch Doctor (1953) again a costar with Mitchum; Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954), as Messalina; Garden of Evil (1954) with Gary Cooper and Richard Widmark; and Untamed (1955) with Tyrone Power."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak",
"text": "Although Hayward never truly became known as a singer because she disliked her own singing, she portrayed singers in several films."
}
] |
3Ya1hRX1Q7Q4zjVzu5V1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Susan Hayward (born Edythe Marrenner; June 30, 1917 – March 14, 1975) was an American actress and model."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak",
"text": "Although Hayward never truly became known as a singer because she disliked her own singing, she portrayed singers in several films."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak",
"text": "Susan Hayward performed in the musical biography of singer Jane Froman in the 1952 film, With a Song in My Heart, a role which won her the Golden Globe for Best Actress Comedy film."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak",
"text": "Hayward won a Best Actress Oscar for her portrayal of the real life death row inmate."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Susan Hayward has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6251 Hollywood Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Though Hayward did not get the part, she was used for other actors' screen tests by David Selznick and received a contract at Warner Bros."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After working as a fashion model, Hayward traveled to Hollywood in 1937 to audition for the role of Scarlett O'Hara."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Decline as star",
"text": "In 1961, Hayward starred as a working girl who becomes the wife of the state's next governor (Dean Martin) and ultimately takes over the office herself in Ada."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 20th Century Fox",
"text": "Hayward then starred in three massive successes: David and Bathsheba (1951) with Gregory Peck, the most popular film of the year; With a Song in My Heart (1952), a biopic of Jane Froman, which earned her an Oscar nomination; and The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952), with Peck and Ava Gardner. RKO borrowed Hayward for The Lusty Men (1952) with Robert Mitchum, then she went back to Fox for The President's Lady (1953), playing Rachel Jackson alongside Charlton Heston; White Witch Doctor (1953) again a costar with Mitchum; Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954), as Messalina; Garden of Evil (1954) with Gary Cooper and Richard Widmark; and Untamed (1955) with Tyrone Power."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She began her career as a model, traveling to Hollywood in 1937 to secure the role of Scarlett O'Hara in the successful film Gone with the Wind."
}
] |
The Oscar-winning American actress and model Susan Hayward, starred in David and Bathsheba and portrayed many singers in her career.
| 0 | 0 |
Susan Hayward
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karenjit Kaur Vohra (born May 13, 1981), known by her stage name Sunny Leone (), is a model and an actress in the Indian film industry and a former pornographic actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"On March 4, 2018, Sunny Leone and her husband announced the birth of their twin boys, born through surrogacy."
}
] |
3ZBlf9WtZSwk4drUhQmY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "It's Sunny in Brazil, which was filmed in Brazil, and The Sunny Experiment also starring Monique Alexander and Brea Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Writer",
"text": "\"Sunny Leone in an interview to Press Trust of India explains that the book is written from the perspective of both men and females, as well as being written for both genders but mainly for women; \"I wrote these stories, from what I thought a woman would like to read.\" \"Sunny Leone in an interview to Press Trust of India explains that the book is written from the perspective of both men and females, as well as being written for both genders but mainly for women; \"I wrote these stories, from what I thought a woman would like to read.\" Sunny Leone add that it is \"the first time (she has) written something like this.\" In the interview she mentioned how Juggernaut Books had come to her with this idea of writing the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies",
"text": "A police first information report was filed against her in May 2015 after a woman at Mumbai, India, complained that Leone's website, sunnyleone.com, was destroying the Indian culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Writer",
"text": "Sweet Dreams was Elle's 'Book of the Week' in April 2016 and in the review they go on to write \"don’t go looking for creative fantasies or fetishes; as a writer, Leone is playing safe.\" Another review in Bollywood Hungama goes on to note if there was any real contribution from Sunny herself towards the book other than her picture on the cover."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "In May 2007, upon re-signing her contract with Vivid for another six films, Leone agreed to perform for the first time with men on camera, but exclusively with her fiancé, Matt Erikson."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She moved into their new house with husband Weber and children on Ganesh Chaturthi which fell on September 13, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Indian film career | Upcoming projects",
"text": "Sunny Leone's auto biopic titled \"Karenjit Kaur – The Untold Story of Sunny Leone\", an original web-series by ZEE5, was released on the platform on 16 July 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "She followed this with Sunny Loves Cher, which featured her first on-screen squirting, and The Female Gardner co-starring Mikayla Mendez and Daisy Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Sunny Leone had dated Indian-Canadian stand-up comedian Russell Peters up until they broke up in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "She also released a public service announcement on behalf of the ASACP, reminding adult webmasters to protect their sites from children by having an RTA label on it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karenjit Kaur Vohra (born May 13, 1981), known by her stage name Sunny Leone (), is a model and an actress in the Indian film industry and a former pornographic actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"On March 4, 2018, Sunny Leone and her husband announced the birth of their twin boys, born through surrogacy."
}
] |
Sunny Leone is an Indian star who was barren and had children by another woman.
| 0 | 0 |
Sunny Leone
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played with Compton Hill on Sundays and holidays while he worked for a packing company during the week."
}
] |
3ZHF5HTa0EmQhHkDBHSh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He signed as a knuckleball pitcher with the Compton Hill Cubs, a black semipro baseball team, until the team broke up in August 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played with Compton Hill on Sundays and holidays while he worked for a packing company during the week."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In his honor, Dickson Street, on which he lived, was renamed James \"Cool Papa\" Bell Avenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "He is the subject of the song \"Cool Papa Bell\" on Paul Simon's 13th studio album Stranger to Stranger."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Cool Papa Bell Drive is the road leading into the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in Jackson, of which he is a member."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to the United States",
"text": "As Paige noted in his autobiography, Maybe I'll Pitch Forever, \"If schools had known Cool Papa was around and if Cool Papa had known reading real good, he'd have made the best track man you ever saw."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Thomas \"Cool Papa\" Bell (May 17, 1903 – March 7, 1991) was an American center fielder in Negro league baseball from 1922 to 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Negro National League and East-West League",
"text": "Bell earned his nickname in his first Negro league season; he was referred to as \"Cool\" after striking out standout player Oscar Charleston and added \"Papa\" to the nickname because it sounded better."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to the United States",
"text": "He joined the Homestead Grays in the NNL in 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Negro National League and East-West League",
"text": "Bell joined the St. Louis Stars of the Negro National League (NNL) as a pitcher in 1922."
}
] |
Cool Papa Bell joined the Compton Hill Cubs.
| 1 | 4 |
Cool Papa Bell
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28, 1986 at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, to an upper middle class Catholic family."
}
] |
3ZMYruIcH03SEkOAD9iN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Activism | Born This Way Foundation",
"text": "The foundation's initiatives have included the \"Born Brave Bus\" that followed her on tour as a youth drop-in center as an initiative against bullying."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Born This Way Foundation",
"text": "In October 2015, at the Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Gaga joined 200 high school students, policy makers, and academic officials, including Peter Salovey, to discuss ways to recognize and channel emotions for positive outcomes."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "In February 2011, Gaga released \"Born This Way\", the lead single from her studio album of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Born This Way Foundation",
"text": "The special raised $127 million, which according to Forbes \"puts it on par with the other legendary fundraiser, Live Aid, as the highest grossing charity concert in history.\" In 2012, Gaga launched the Born This Way Foundation (BTWF), a non-profit organization that focuses on youth empowerment."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "Is Born, which she insisted they perform live in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "The Zen of Bennett and Katy Perry: Part of Me, and released her first fragrance, Lady Gaga Fame, followed by a second one, Eau de Gaga, in 2014.Gaga began work on her third studio album, Artpop, in early 2012, during the Born This Way Ball tour; she crafted the album to mirror \"a night at the club\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "She also embarked on the Born This Way Ball tour in April 2012, which was scheduled to conclude the following March, but ended one month earlier when Gaga canceled the remaining dates due to a labral tear of her right hip that required surgery."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "A Star Is Born, a remake of the 1937 film of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "Earning $83 million, the tour included cities canceled from the Born"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "Born This Way's following singles were \"You and I\" and \"Marry the Night\", which reached numbers six and 29 in the US, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28, 1986 at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, to an upper middle class Catholic family."
}
] |
Gaga was born at NewYork-Presbyterian Medical Center in NY.
| 0 | 0 |
Lady Gaga
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "A few years later, during 1955 and 1956, Muni had his biggest stage success in the United States as the crusading lawyer, Henry Drummond (based on Clarence Darrow), in Inherit the Wind, winning a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "Years later, in response to a question put to him by Alan King, Brando stated that Muni was the greatest actor he ever saw."
}
] |
3aQ1y8QEMhUSy0vBUOvy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "When he was seven, he emigrated with his family to the United States in 1902; they settled in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "A few years later, during 1955 and 1956, Muni had his biggest stage success in the United States as the crusading lawyer, Henry Drummond (based on Clarence Darrow), in Inherit the Wind, winning a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood",
"text": "His name was simplified and anglicized to Paul Muni (he had the nickname \"Moony\" when young)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "Years later, in response to a question put to him by Alan King, Brando stated that Muni was the greatest actor he ever saw."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "A biography titled Actor: The Life and Times of Paul Muni (1974) was written by Jerome Lawrence."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "A film musical, Actor: The Paul Muni Story (1978) was made of his life, with Herschel Bernardi starring."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Franklin Roosevelt was always president, Joe Louis was always the champ, and Paul Muni played everybody."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood",
"text": "Paul Muni soon returned to Hollywood to star in such harrowing pre-Code films as the original Scarface"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Edward G. Robinson and Paul Muni were cousins to Charles M. Fritz, who was a notable actor during the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "In 1946, he appeared on Broadway in A Flag is Born, written by Ben Hecht, to help promote the creation of a Jewish state in Israel."
}
] |
Paul Muni was an Austrian baseball player that came to the United States when he was a child.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul Muni
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is regarded as a milestone in African literature."
}
] |
3cUtSuIUKtkUjRXoj4J8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Before Things Fall Apart was published, most of the novels about Africa had been written by European authors, portraying Africans as savages who were in need of western enlightenment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was first published in the UK in 1962 by William Heinemann Ltd., and became the first work published in Heinemann's African Writers Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Ever Written'\". The 60th anniversary of the first publication of Things"
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "It has come to be seen as the archetypal modern African novel in English, and is read in Nigeria and throughout Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is seen as the archetypal modern African novel in English, and one of the first to receive global critical acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Achebe's father was among the first to be converted in Ogidi, around the turn of the century."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Novelists who published after Achebe were able to find an eloquent and effective mode for the expression of the particular social, historical, and cultural situation of modern Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a staple book in schools throughout Africa and is widely read and studied in English-speaking countries around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television, music and theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Directed by Jason Pohland. In 1987, the book was made into a very successful miniseries directed by David Orere and broadcast on Nigerian television by the Nigerian Television Authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is regarded as a milestone in African literature."
}
] |
First published in Nigeria in 1956, this was the first book written about Africa by an African author.
| 3 | 6 |
Things Fall Apart
|
Music
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bee Gees have sold over 120 million records worldwide making them one of the world's best-selling artists of all time (several sources, including Billboard, list the sales figures as high as 220 million)."
}
] |
3dbKBCjWJUVK0kVO4b4j
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bee Gees have sold over 120 million records worldwide making them one of the world's best-selling artists of all time (several sources, including Billboard, list the sales figures as high as 220 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades and achievements",
"text": "The Bee Gees have sold over 120 million records worldwide, with estimates as high as 220 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1975–1979: Turning to disco | Saturday Night Fever and Spirits Having Flown",
"text": "With more than 40 million copies sold, Saturday Night Fever is among music's top five best selling soundtrack albums."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–1999: Comeback, return to popularity and Andy's death",
"text": "The CD of the performance sold over 5 million copies."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–1999: Comeback, return to popularity and Andy's death",
"text": "The Bee Gees released the album E.S.P. in 1987, which sold over 3 million copies."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1975–1979: Turning to disco | Saturday Night Fever and Spirits Having Flown",
"text": "As of 2010, it is calculated as the fourth highest-selling album worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades and achievements",
"text": "The discrepancy is due to the fact that many of their albums were never re-certified by RIAA, such as Spirits Having Flown, which is certified platinum (1 million) in the U.S., but estimates in the U.S. alone are around 6 million and up to 30 million worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–1999: Comeback, return to popularity and Andy's death",
"text": "153.In 153.In 1997, they released the album Still Waters, which sold over four million copies and reached No. 2 in the UK (their highest album chart position there since 1979) and No. 11 in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–1999: Comeback, return to popularity and Andy's death",
"text": "The album became one of their best-selling albums in that country, and was eventually certified Triple Platinum."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1974: Reformation",
"text": "A second compilation album, Best of Bee Gees, Volume 2, was released in 1973, although it did not repeat the success of Volume 1."
}
] |
They have sold over 150 millions rcord worldwide, making the second world's best selling artists of all time.
| 3 | 8 |
Bee Gees
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker."
}
] |
3dg7vi7fBWDTH1ccbabA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "Festival. Author Alice Walker sought to identify Hurston's unmarked grave in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | College and slightly after",
"text": "She had supported other African-American authors, such as Langston Hughes and Alain Locke, who had recommended Hurston to her."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Public obscurity",
"text": "Other popular African-American authors of the time, such as Ralph Ellison, dealt with the same concerns as Wright."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Public obscurity",
"text": "During the 1930s and 1940s, when her work was published, the pre-eminent African-American author was Richard Wright, a former communist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Interest was revived in 1975 after author Alice Walker published an article, \"In Search of Zora Neale Hurston\", in the March issue of Ms. magazine that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Several authors have contended that Hurston engaged in significant plagiarism in at least three works, claiming the article \"Cudjo's own story of the last African slaver\" was only 25% original, the rest being plagiarized, and that she also plagiarized much of her work on voodoo."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Hurston is described as a \"trailblazer for black women's empowerment\" because of her numerous individual achievements and her strong belief that black women could be \"self-made.\" However, a common criticism of her work is that the vagueness of her racial politics in her writing, particularly pertaining to black feminism, make her \"a prime candidate for white intellectual idolatry.\" Other authors criticized Hurston for her sensationalist representation of voodoo."
}
] |
Zora Neale Hurston is a Canadian author.
| 2 | 5 |
Zora Neale Hurston
|
Technology
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries."
}
] |
3esukL3Ks3GrzOXrvUcU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "Outside of New York, major campuses in the United States include Austin, Texas; Research Triangle Park (Raleigh-Durham), North Carolina; Rochester, Minnesota; and Silicon Valley, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "IBM Research is headquartered at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in New York, and facilities include the Almaden lab in California, Austin lab in Texas, Australia lab in Melbourne"
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "IBM India Private Limited is the Indian subsidiary of IBM, which is headquartered at Bengaluru, Karnataka."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "IBM is headquartered in Armonk, New York, a community 37 miles (60 km) north of Midtown Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "In New York City, IBM has several offices besides CHQ, including the IBM Watson headquarters at Astor Place in Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "A nickname for the company is the \"Colossus of Armonk\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "There are two other IBM buildings within walking distance of CHQ: the North Castle office, which previously served as IBM's headquarters; and the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Center for Learning (formerly known as IBM Learning Center (ILC)), a resort hotel and training center, which has 182 guest rooms, 31 meeting rooms, and various amenities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "Its principal building, referred to as CHQ, is a 283,000-square-foot (26,300 m2) glass and stone edifice on a 25-acre (10 ha) parcel amid a 432-acre former apple orchard the company purchased in the mid-1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "IBM was recognized as one of the Top 20 Best Workplaces for Commuters by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2005, which recognized Fortune 500 companies that provided employees with excellent commuter benefits to help reduce traffic and air pollution."
}
] |
The headquarter of the company is loacted in San Fransisco, California.
| 2 | 8 |
IBM
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "She was the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris."
}
] |
3fCTd5djgOiKhmwlFz3k
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "She was the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "He soon earned a doctorate and pursued an academic career as a mathematician, becoming a professor and rector of Kraków University."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Cornell University professor L. Pearce Williams observes:The result of the Curies' work was epoch-making."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "She is the patron of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, in Lublin, founded in 1944; and of Pierre and Marie Curie University (Paris VI), France's pre-eminent science university."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "1926).In 1920 she became the first female member of The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Maria declined because she could not afford the university tuition; it would take her a year and a half longer to gather the necessary funds."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | New elements",
"text": "That month the couple were invited to the Royal Institution in London to give a speech on radioactivity; being a woman, she was prevented from speaking, and Pierre Curie alone was allowed to."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "In 1955 Jozef Mazur created a stained glass panel of her, the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Medallion, featured in the University at Buffalo Polish Room."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "Upon Pierre Curie's complaint, the University of Paris relented and agreed to furnish a new laboratory, but it would not be ready until 1906.In December 1904, Curie gave birth to their second daughter, Ève."
}
] |
Maria Sklodowska-Curie was the second female professor at the University of London.
| 2 | 6 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law",
"text": "Thus, if a freedman were claimed to be an escaped slave, they could not resist their return to slavery by truthfully telling their actual history."
}
] |
3hbVYvUjavb54o0hZNlQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law",
"text": "The law was so rigorously pro-slavery as to prohibit the admission of the testimony of a person accused of being an escaped slave into evidence at the judicial hearing to determine the status of the accused escaped slave."
},
{
"section_header": "Issues | Texas",
"text": "To the extent that there was a de facto recognition, Mexico treated the Nueces River as its northern boundary control."
},
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Settlement of borders",
"text": "The general solution that was adopted by the Compromise of 1850 was to transfer a considerable part of the territory claimed by Texas state to the federal government; to organize two new territories formally, the Territory of New Mexico and the Territory of Utah, which expressly would be allowed to locally determine whether they would become slave or free territories, to add another free state to the Union (California), to adopt a severe measure to recover slaves who had escaped to a free state or free territory (the Fugitive Slave Law); and to abolish the slave trade in the District of Columbia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War."
},
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law",
"text": "One statute of the Compromise of 1850, enacted September 18, 1850, is informally known as the Fugitive Slave Law, or the Fugitive Slave Act."
},
{
"section_header": "Issues | Other issues",
"text": "The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 had granted jurisdiction to all state and federal judges over cases regarding fugitive slaves, but several Northern states, dissatisfied by the lack of due process in these cases, had passed personal liberty laws that made it more difficult to return alleged fugitive slaves to the South."
},
{
"section_header": "Provisions | End of slave trade in District of Columbia",
"text": "A statute enacted as part of the compromise prohibited the slave trade but allowed slavery itself in the District of Columbia."
},
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law",
"text": "Also, any person aiding a runaway slave by providing food or shelter was to be subject to six months' imprisonment and a $1000 fine."
},
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law",
"text": "Law enforcement everywhere in the US had a duty to arrest anyone suspected of being a fugitive slave on no more evidence than a claimant's sworn testimony of ownership."
},
{
"section_header": "Implications",
"text": "Others argue that the Compromise only made more obvious the pre-existing sectional divisions and laid the groundwork for future conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law",
"text": "Thus, if a freedman were claimed to be an escaped slave, they could not resist their return to slavery by truthfully telling their actual history."
}
] |
Part of the Compromise of 1850 made it so that a free black person, if accused of being a slave, was de facto enslaved by the accusation.
| 0 | 0 |
Compromise of 1850
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He then became president of the American League in 1931, held that post until his retirement in 1958, and then was named president emeritus."
}
] |
3iwHsBFzxEYDwL8XEkP9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Harridge was neither ticketed nor charged in the accident."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "In 1927, Harridge became the American League secretary."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "At that point the league office was moved to Boston, and Harridge was allowed to keep the Chicago office as well as act as custodian of the American League archive correspondence."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The American League Championship Series trophy is named the William Harridge Trophy in Harridge's honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Harridge (October 16, 1883 – April 9, 1971) was an American executive in professional baseball whose most significant role was as president of the American League (AL) from 1931 to 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He then became president of the American League in 1931, held that post until his retirement in 1958, and then was named president emeritus."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He worked as a railway ticket clerk before being hired in 1911 as the personal secretary to Ban Johnson, president of baseball's American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge often cited a 1932 incident as his most difficult decision in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge decided that Veeck was making a mockery of baseball and cancelled Gaedel's contract the next day."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Though Dickey was a star player with the most powerful franchise in baseball, Harridge issued him a $1,000 fine and a thirty-day suspension."
}
] |
Harridge was in charge of the American Baseball League for a period.
| 0 | 0 |
Will Harridge
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 18 seasons in the majors, from 1882 until 1899, all for the Cincinnati Reds franchise."
}
] |
3jiJsRESFMVcTVSVPvdd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known more for his fielding than his hitting, McPhee was the last second baseman to play without a glove."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and honors",
"text": "McPhee was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000, more than 100 years after he played in his last major league game."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "After not playing baseball in 1880, he joined an independent team in Akron, Ohio in 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 18 seasons in the majors, from 1882 until 1899, all for the Cincinnati Reds franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "He played for Davenport for three seasons, shifting to second base during the 1879 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "Before the 1882 season, he signed a contract to play for the Cincinnati Red Stockings, a team in the newly formed American Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and honors",
"text": "He is one of three Baseball Hall of Famers, along with Johnny Bench and Barry Larkin, who played their entire career in Cincinnati."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "He had ten 100-plus seasons in runs scored and regularly led the league in many defensive categories despite playing without a glove for the first 14 years of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "Shortly after retiring as a player in 1899, McPhee rejoined the Reds as a manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and honors",
"text": "McPhee is also the only Hall of Famer from the 1882 pennant-winning Cincinnati Red Stockings team."
}
] |
McPhee played for the St.Louis Cardinals.
| 0 | 2 |
Bid McPhee
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | 3,000 career hits (2007)",
"text": "On June 28, 2007, Biggio became the 27th player in the history of Major League Baseball to join the 3,000 hit club, with a single against"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | 3,000 career hits (2007)",
"text": "Biggio's 3,000th hit came on the same day that Frank Thomas hit his milestone 500th career home run, both marks which are considered to guarantee one's induction into the Hall of Fame."
}
] |
3kOPYl5AtsO2RqyThR5W
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": "He recorded his final career hit, a double in the first inning, and scored his final career run that same inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | 3,000 career hits (2007)",
"text": "It was Biggio's third hit of the game, and he went on to accumulate two more later in the game, one in the ninth inning and one in the eleventh inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Hit by pitch",
"text": "Over his career, Biggio gained a reputation for being hit by pitches; some observers criticized him due to the fact that many of the pitches hit him on his sizable elbow pad."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": ", Biggio hit a grand slam in the 6th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in the community",
"text": "Biggio had worn the Sunshine Kids pin for over a decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": "In the penultimate game of his career, Biggio started as a catcher and caught 2 innings for the Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in the community",
"text": "Biggio has been a supporter and lead spokesperson for the Sunshine Kids Foundation for over a decade and almost the entirety of his playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in the community",
"text": "With the 2006 annual golf tournament, Biggio has raised over $2 million for the organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": "He left the field to a standing ovation from the fans, and when he was replaced defensively in the top of the 8th inning he shook hands with umpires and teammates and left to another standing ovation as he waved to the fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Hit by pitch",
"text": "the \"king of hit batsmen\". On June 29, 2005, Biggio broke the modern-era career hit-by-pitch record, previously held by Don Baylor with 267."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | 3,000 career hits (2007)",
"text": "On June 28, 2007, Biggio became the 27th player in the history of Major League Baseball to join the 3,000 hit club, with a single against"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | 3,000 career hits (2007)",
"text": "Biggio's 3,000th hit came on the same day that Frank Thomas hit his milestone 500th career home run, both marks which are considered to guarantee one's induction into the Hall of Fame."
}
] |
Craig Biggio had over 2500 hits in his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Craig Biggio
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Greek: Ναός του Παναγίου Τάφου, Latin: Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri, Hebrew: כנסיית הקבר, Arabic: كنيسة القيامة) is a church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem."
}
] |
3kSh48iA3blDu7knKHM9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Catholicon",
"text": "Its dome is 19.8 metres (65 ft) in diameter, and sits directly over the centre of the transept crossing of the choir where the compas is situated,"
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The Church of the Holy Sepulchre(Latin: Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri) ; is also called the Church of the Resurrection or Church of the Anastasis by Eastern Christians (Arabic: كَنِيسَةُ"
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo | 2018 Tax/Land affair",
"text": "The city hall stressed that the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and all other churches are exempt from the taxes, with the changes only affecting establishments like \"hotels, halls and businesses\" owned by the churches."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo | 2018 Tax/Land affair",
"text": "The church leaders have said that such a bill will make it harder for them to sell church-owned lands."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "In 841, the church suffered a fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Several churches and monasteries in Europe, for instance, in Germany and Russia, and at least one church in the United States have been modeled on the Church of the Resurrection, some even reproducing other holy places for the benefit of pilgrims who could not travel to the Holy Land."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo | 2018 Tax/Land affair",
"text": "The church leaders warned that if the organization gets the access to control the sites, Christians will lose access to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction (4th century)",
"text": "The church was consecrated on 13 September 335."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo",
"text": "The primary custodians are the Greek Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic, and Roman Catholic Churches, with the Greek Orthodox Church having the lion's share."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo | 2018 Tax/Land affair",
"text": "In February 2018, the church was closed following a tax dispute over 152 million euros of uncollected taxes on church properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Greek: Ναός του Παναγίου Τάφου, Latin: Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri, Hebrew: כנסיית הקבר, Arabic: كنيسة القيامة) is a church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem."
}
] |
The church is situated in Belgium.
| 2 | 2 |
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life in Classical Sparta | Education",
"text": "Special punishments were imposed if boys failed to answer questions sufficiently 'laconically' (i.e. briefly and wittily).There is some evidence that in late-Classical and Hellenistic Sparta boys were expected to take an older male mentor, usually an unmarried young man."
}
] |
3kby7csFcWCIIBLYaRux
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life in Classical Sparta | Education",
"text": "When male Spartans began military training at age seven, they would enter the agoge system."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "Furthermore, as a result of their education and the fact that they moved freely in society engaging with their fellow (male) citizens, they were notorious for speaking their minds even in public."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure of Classical Spartan society | Non citizens | Helots",
"text": "In contrast to populations conquered by other Greek cities (e.g. the Athenian treatment of Melos), the male population was not exterminated and the women and children turned into chattel slaves."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "This practice was encouraged in order that women bear as many strong-bodied children as they could."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Classical Sparta | Education",
"text": "Special punishments were imposed if boys failed to answer questions sufficiently 'laconically' (i.e. briefly and wittily).There is some evidence that in late-Classical and Hellenistic Sparta boys were expected to take an older male mentor, usually an unmarried young man."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "It is estimated that in later Classical Sparta, when the male population was in serious decline, women were the sole owners of at least 35% of all land and property in Sparta."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Historic women",
"text": "Herodotus records that as a small girl she advised her father Cleomenes to resist a bribe."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "Girls as well as boys exercised, possibly in the nude, and young women as well as young men may have participated in the Gymnopaedia (\"Festival of Nude Youths\").Another practice that was mentioned by many visitors to Sparta was the practice of “wife-sharing”."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Classical Sparta | Military life",
"text": "He observed: It is the standards of civilized men not of beasts that must be kept in mind, for it is good men not beasts who are capable of real courage."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure of Classical Spartan society | Constitution",
"text": "24).Civil and criminal cases were decided by a group of officials known as the ephors, as well as a council of elders known as the gerousia."
}
] |
It was recorded that young male children would train their bodies and minds with elder males.
| 0 | 0 |
Sparta
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His first experience of semiprofessional baseball came in 1895, when he was just 14 years old."
}
] |
3l5MvlJIm1hwXsuSvZmd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mathewson grew up in Factoryville, Pennsylvania, and began playing semiprofessional baseball when he was 14 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His first experience of semiprofessional baseball came in 1895, when he was just 14 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Career with the Giants",
"text": "During his 17-year career, Mathewson won 373 games and lost 188 for a .665 winning percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Career with the Giants",
"text": "In 10 of his 17 years in the majors, he was in double figures in RBIs, with a season-high of 20 in 1903."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Three years with the Reds",
"text": "He faced Brown in the second half of a doubleheader, which was billed as the final meeting between the two old baseball warriors."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mathewson helped his hometown team to a 19-17 victory, but with his batting rather than his pitching."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Christy Mathewson Day and Factoryville, Pennsylvania, are the subjects of the documentary, Christy Mathewson Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Christy Mathewson, \"'Outguessing' the Batter,\" Pearson's Magazine, vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "The baseball field at Keystone College is named \"Christy Mathewson Field\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "F. Scott Fitzgerald refers to \"Christy Mathewson\" in his first novel, This Side of Paradise (1920)."
}
] |
Christy Mathewson became-semiprofessional at 17 years old.
| 2 | 4 |
Christy Mathewson
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Law and government | State and local politics",
"text": "On November 6, 2012, Maine, along with Maryland and Washington, became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage at the ballot box."
}
] |
3lcuG9FG7LofCXc5xDG9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Maine is the only state to border exactly one other American state (New Hampshire)."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and government | State and local politics",
"text": "On May 6, 2009, Maine became the fifth state to legalize same-sex marriage; however, the law was repealed by voters on November 3, 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and government | State and local politics",
"text": "On November 6, 2012, Maine, along with Maryland and Washington, became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage at the ballot box."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is located in New England, bordered by New Hampshire to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and northwest, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maine is the only state to border only one other state, is the easternmost among the contiguous United States, and is the northernmost state east of the Great Lakes."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Estcourt Station is Maine's northernmost point, as well as the northernmost point in New England. (For more information see extreme points of the United States.) Maine's Moosehead Lake is the largest lake wholly in New England, since Lake Champlain is located between Vermont, New York and Québec."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Maine is the northernmost state in New England and the largest, accounting for almost half of the region's entire land area."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The remainder of the state, including the North Woods, is covered by the New England-Acadian forests."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "There is only one medical school in the state, (University of New England's College of Osteopathic Medicine) and only one law school (The University of Maine School of Law)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Shipbuilding",
"text": "One of these yards was located in Pennellville Historic District in what is now Brunswick, Maine."
}
] |
Maine is located in New England, the only state to border only one other state, and has legally allowed LBGTQ marriages to occur before 2010.
| 3 | 5 |
Maine
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, when he led the country to victory in the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955."
}
] |
3mCRe64cNkJzzLTkPCzg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister: 1940–1945 | Defeat of Germany: June 1944 to May 1945 | Moscow Conference, October 1944",
"text": "The UK and the USA would have 90% control of Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the Exchequer: 1924–1929",
"text": "In January 1925, he negotiated a series of war repayments, both from the UK to the US, and from other countries to the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the Exchequer: 1924–1929",
"text": "The Bank of England and others were calling for the UK to return to the gold standard, an idea Churchill initially opposed."
},
{
"section_header": "The \"Wilderness Years\": 1929–1939 | Warnings about Germany and the abdication crisis: 1933–1936",
"text": "However, he stressed that the UK must stick with its tradition of Parliamentary democracy, not adopt fascism, and opposed the Italian invasion of Ethiopia."
},
{
"section_header": "Lloyd George government: 1916–1922 | Secretary of State for the Colonies: 1921–1922",
"text": "It was then agreed that Ireland would be partitioned; most of the country would form the Irish Free State, while the Protestant-majority areas would form Northern Ireland and remain part of the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister: 1940–1945 | Caretaker government: May 1945 to July 1945",
"text": "With a general election looming (there had been none for almost a decade), and with the Labour ministers refusing to continue the wartime coalition, Churchill resigned as prime minister on 23 May 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Widely considered one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Churchill remains popular in the UK and Western world, where he is seen as a victorious wartime leader who played an important role in defending Europe's liberal democracy from the spread of fascism."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister: 1940–1945 | Dunkirk to Pearl Harbor: May 1940 to December 1941 | Initial reaction to Churchill as Premier",
"text": "He was obviously respected. But no one felt he would be Prime Minister after the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Asquith government: 1908–1915 | Home Secretary: 1910–1911",
"text": "As the Agadir Crisis emerged, which threatened the outbreak of war between Germany and France, Churchill suggested that—should negotiations fail—the UK should form an alliance with France and Russia and safeguard the independence of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Denmark in the face of possible German expansionism."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister: 1940–1945 | Dunkirk to Pearl Harbor: May 1940 to December 1941 | Resolve to fight on",
"text": "Churchill had the full support of the two Labour members but knew he could not survive as prime minister if both Chamberlain and Halifax were against him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, when he led the country to victory in the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955."
}
] |
Churchill was a Prime Minister of the UK twice.
| 0 | 0 |
Winston Churchill
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"The Time Out reviewer wrote of Christopher Hampton's screenplay that \"one of the film's enormous strengths is scriptwriter Christopher Hampton's decision to go back to the novel, and save only the best from his play\"."
}
] |
3mLUF1NAnhovWXWzEQHT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dangerous Liaisons is a 1988 American period romantic drama film directed by Stephen Frears from a screenplay by Christopher Hampton, based on his 1985 play Les liaisons dangereuses, itself adapted from the 1782 French novel of the same name by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"The Time Out reviewer wrote of Christopher Hampton's screenplay that \"one of the film's enormous strengths is scriptwriter Christopher Hampton's decision to go back to the novel, and save only the best from his play\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Dangerous Liaisons was the first English-language film adaptation of Laclos's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "At the 61st Academy Awards, Dangerous Liaisons won three Oscars out of seven nominations, for Best Adapted Screenplay (Christopher Hampton), Best Costume Design (James Acheson), and Best Art Direction (Stuart Craig and Gérard James)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "At the 43rd British Academy Film Awards, Michelle Pfeiffer won for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, and Christopher Hampton won for Best Screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": ", Christopher Hampton also won the London Film Critics' Circle Award for Screenwriter of the Year, and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium."
},
{
"section_header": "Related adaptations",
"text": "Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders parodied Dangerous Liaisons on their sketch show French & Saunders, which then inspired their 1999 comedy series Let Them Eat Cake (TV series)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The screenplay was based on Christopher Hampton's Olivier Award-winning and Tony Award-nominated theatrical adaptation for the Royal Shakespeare Company, directed by Howard Davies and featuring Lindsay Duncan, Alan Rickman and Juliet Stevenson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warner Bros. released Dangerous Liaisons theatrically on December 16, 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "All three would go on to win Academy Awards for their work on this film."
}
] |
Dangerous Liaisons is a 1988 English-language film from a screenplay by Christopher Hampton adapted from the 1782 French novel, winning several awards mentioning the film's strength, giving credit to the scriptwriter.
| 0 | 0 |
Dangerous Liaisons
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Platoon organization varies depending on the country and the branch, but are generally around 50 strong, although specific platoons may range from 9 to 100 men."
}
] |
3mxiKsvff9t9RU0DWowe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Hungary",
"text": "In total, the platoon comprises 29 soldiers, of whom eight are vehicle crew."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Australia",
"text": "A section comprises eight soldiers led by a corporal with a lance corporal as second in command."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | South Africa",
"text": "A section comprises 10 soldiers led by a corporal who's assisted by a lance corporal as second in command."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | South Africa",
"text": "In the South African army, a platoon usually consists of 27 soldiers and one officer organized into three sections 10 soldiers each plus an HQ which contains 8 men."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Israel",
"text": "The Israel Defense Forces uses platoons (Hebrew: \"mahlakot\", literally \"divisions\") as the basic unit composing the company and usually consists of 30 to 65 soldiers (or 3–4 tanks in the Armored Corps)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The officer is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Bangladesh",
"text": "The platoon strength is typically 30 to 50 soldiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The platoon leader is usually a junior officer—a second or first lieutenant or an equivalent rank."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | United States | Army",
"text": "The headquarters consists of a Platoon Leader (PL)--usually a second lieutenant (2LT), a Platoon Sergeant (PSG)--usually a Sergeant First Class (SFC, E-7), a radio-telephone operator (RTO), a platoon forward observer (FO), the FO's RTO, and the platoon medic."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Israel",
"text": "The platoon commander is usually the equivalent of First or Second lieutenant, and is assisted and advised by a platoon sergeant, acting as his replacement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Platoon organization varies depending on the country and the branch, but are generally around 50 strong, although specific platoons may range from 9 to 100 men."
}
] |
Platoons are usually comprised of about 200 soldiers.
| 0 | 0 |
Platoon
|
Music
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fame Monster (2009), which yielded the successful singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\" and \"Alejandro\"."
}
] |
3n27n1Hhu92cLXJxPeAl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Videos and stage",
"text": "At the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga appeared in drag as her male alter ego, Jo Calderone, and delivered a lovesick monologue before a performance of her song \"You and I\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2005–2007: Career beginnings",
"text": "The producer said they began dating in May 2006, and claimed to have been the first person to call her \"Lady Gaga\", which was derived from Queen's song \"Radio Ga Ga\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2010: Breakthrough with The Fame and The Fame Monster",
"text": "Gaga also performed songs from her albums at the 2009 Royal Variety Performance, the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, and the 2010 BRIT Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Philanthropy",
"text": "After declining an invitation to appear on the single"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "In March 2018, Gaga supported the March for Our Lives gun-control rally in Washington, D.C., and released a cover of Elton John's \"Your Song\" for his tribute album Revamp."
},
{
"section_header": "Tours and residencies | Concert residencies",
"text": "Lady Gaga Live at Roseland Ballroom (2014)"
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | LGBT advocacy",
"text": "Gaga appeared at Europride, an international event dedicated to LGBT pride, in Rome in June 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | LGBT advocacy",
"text": "Later that month, Gaga appeared in Human Rights Campaign's tribute video to the victims of the attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "Gaga has consecutively appeared on Billboard magazine's Artists of the Year (scoring the definitive title in 2010)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "The Zen of Bennett and Katy Perry: Part of Me, and released her first fragrance, Lady Gaga Fame, followed by a second one, Eau de Gaga, in 2014.Gaga began work on her third studio album, Artpop, in early 2012, during the Born This Way Ball tour; she crafted the album to mirror \"a night at the club\"."
}
] |
The Lady Gaga song "Telephone" appears in her album "Born This Way".
| 5 | 9 |
Lady Gaga
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chancellorsville is known as Lee's \"perfect battle\" because his risky decision to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force resulted in a significant Confederate victory."
}
] |
3nQx9kXt6bGhbcZj5mrp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Chancellorsville",
"text": "He consulted with Brig. Gen. Robert E. Rodes, the next most senior general in the corps, and Rodes acquiesced in Hill's decision to summon Maj."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Confederate",
"text": "Gen. A.P. Hill, Brig. Gen. Robert E. Rodes, Maj."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Shakeup in the Army of the Potomac",
"text": "Abraham Lincoln had become convinced that the appropriate objective for his Eastern army was the army of Robert E. Lee, not any geographic features such as a capital city, but he and his generals knew that the most reliable way to bring Lee to a decisive battle was to threaten his capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "less than half its size, General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 2: Jackson's flank attack",
"text": "Gens. Robert E. Rodes and Raleigh E. Colston—stretching almost a mile on either side of the turnpike, separated by 200 yards, followed by a partial line with the arriving division of A.P. Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 2: Jackson's flank attack",
"text": "His death was a devastating loss for the Confederacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Casualties",
"text": "After Longstreet rejoined the main army, he was highly critical of Lee's strategy, saying that battles like Chancellorsville cost the Confederacy more men than it could afford to lose."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Union attempts against Richmond",
"text": "Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign took an amphibious approach, landing his Army of the Potomac on the Virginia Peninsula in the spring of 1862 and coming within 6 miles (9.7 km) of Richmond before being turned back by Gen. Robert E. Lee in the Seven Days Battles."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Confederate",
"text": "Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fielded 60,298 men and 220 guns, organized as follows: First Corps, commanded by Lt. Gen. James Longstreet."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Assessment of Hooker",
"text": "he was asked by General Doubleday: 'Hooker, what was the matter with you at Chancellorsville? ... Hooker answered frankly ... 'Doubleday ... For once I lost confidence in Hooker'.\" Sears's research has shown that Bigelow was quoting from a letter written in 1903 by an E. P. Halstead, who was on the staff of Doubleday's I Corps division."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chancellorsville is known as Lee's \"perfect battle\" because his risky decision to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force resulted in a significant Confederate victory."
}
] |
Battle of Chancellorsville was a lost for Robert E. Lee and to the Confederacy.
| 2 | 4 |
Battle of Chancellorsville
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David Copperfield is the eighth novel by Charles Dickens."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published as a serial in 1849–50, and as a book in 1850."
}
] |
3niEIdA5hBN3NAeVVfpm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major print editions of David Copperfield | Dedication and preface",
"text": "The ultimate version of 1867, also called the Charles Dickens edition, included another preface by the author with the statement that David Copperfield is the favourite work of the author."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David Copperfield is the eighth novel by Charles Dickens."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Charles Dickens and His Publishers."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Subsequent reputation",
"text": "G. K. Chesterton published an important defence of Dickens in his book Charles Dickens in 1906, where he describes him as this “most English of our great writers”."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Letters of Charles Dickens Books"
},
{
"section_header": "Major print editions of David Copperfield | List of editions",
"text": "1867, UK, Wordsworth Classics, Preface by the author (the \"Charles Dickens edition\", with his statement"
},
{
"section_header": "Illustrations | Other illustrators",
"text": "Around 1900, his novels, including David Copperfield, began an increase in popularity, and the 40-year copyrights expired for all but his latest novels, opening the door to other publishers in the UK; by 1910 all of them had expired."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Charles Dickens from A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Subsequent reputation",
"text": "In 2015, the BBC Culture section polled book critics outside the UK about novels by British authors; they ranked David Copperfield eighth on the list of the 100 Greatest British Novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Major print editions of David Copperfield | Other editions",
"text": "Three volumes were published by Tauchnitz in 1849-50, in English for distribution outside Great Britain in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published as a serial in 1849–50, and as a book in 1850."
}
] |
The novel by Charles Dickens called David Copperfield was published around 1849 and is the 8th book by the author.
| 0 | 0 |
David Copperfield
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The major voice work of E.T. for the film was performed by Pat Welsh."
}
] |
3oFD75HZLPRHwbnVbVlh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "20th Anniversary version",
"text": "An extended version of the film, dubbed the \"Special Edition\" (currently out of circulation), including altered dialogue and visual effects, premiered at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on March 16, 2002; it was released on home media six days later."
},
{
"section_header": "20th Anniversary version",
"text": "E.T. If you notice, when we did put out E.T. we put out two E.T.s."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "so they can sneak him out of the house."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of Elliott, a boy who befriends an extraterrestrial, dubbed \"E.T.\", who is stranded on Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Michael's evolution from tormentor to protector reflects how Spielberg had to take care of his sisters after their father left."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When government agents appear on the scene, the aliens flee in their spaceship (or UFO), but in their haste, one of them is left behind."
},
{
"section_header": "20th Anniversary version",
"text": "We put out the digitally enhanced version with the additional scenes and for no extra money, in the same package, we put out the original '82 version."
},
{
"section_header": "20th Anniversary version",
"text": "At the premiere, John Williams conducted a live performance of the score."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The major voice work of E.T. for the film was performed by Pat Welsh."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "For the first time in his career, he did not storyboard most of the film, in order to facilitate spontaneity in the performances."
}
] |
The performer dubbing E.T. was left out of the credits.
| 0 | 0 |
E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synthesis",
"text": "Polymerization is the process of combining many small molecules known as monomers into a covalently bonded chain or network."
}
] |
3ocwY4gmRGAmywKV8fdr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Common examples",
"text": "Polymers are of two types: naturally occurring and synthetic or man made."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Phase behavior | Mixing behavior",
"text": "This increase in entropy scales with the number of particles (or moles) being mixed."
},
{
"section_header": "Characterization",
"text": "Rheology is also often used to determine the molecular architecture (molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, branching) and to understand how the polymer can be processed."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Chemical properties",
"text": "Different side groups on the polymer can lend the polymer to ionic bonding or hydrogen bonding between its own chains."
},
{
"section_header": "Common examples",
"text": "More than 330 million tons of these polymers are made every year (2015).Most commonly, the continuously linked backbone of a polymer used for the preparation of plastics consists mainly of carbon atoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Synthesis",
"text": "Polymerization is the process of combining many small molecules known as monomers into a covalently bonded chain or network."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Monomers and repeat units",
"text": "Polymer nomenclature is generally based upon the type of monomer residues comprising the polymer."
},
{
"section_header": "Common examples",
"text": "Oxygen is also commonly present in polymer backbones, such as those of polyethylene glycol, polysaccharides (in glycosidic bonds), and DNA (in phosphodiester bonds)."
},
{
"section_header": "Common examples",
"text": "Many other structures do exist; for example, elements such as silicon form familiar materials such as silicones, examples being Silly Putty and waterproof plumbing sealant."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Phase behavior | Glass transition",
"text": "Below Tg, molecular motions are frozen and polymers are brittle and glassy."
}
] |
Polymer cannot be made from monomers bonding molecularity.
| 0 | 0 |
Polymer
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960."
}
] |
3otTwcCG39fEuQBkbpwD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "In 1961, during their second Hamburg engagement, Kirchherr cut Sutcliffe's hair in the \"exi\" (existentialist) style, later adopted by the other Beatles."
},
{
"section_header": "Song catalogue",
"text": "Five million shares were created, of which the original principals retained 3.75 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "In November 1961, during one of the group's frequent performances at The Cavern Club, they encountered Brian Epstein, a local record-store owner and music columnist."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "Credited to \"Tony Sheridan & the Beat Brothers\", the single \"My Bonnie\", recorded in June 1961 and released four months later, reached number 32 on the Musikmarkt chart."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2010s",
"text": "Directed by Ron Howard, it chronicled the Beatles' career during their touring years from 1962 to 1966, from their performances in Liverpool's the Cavern Club in 1961 to their final concert in San Francisco in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band",
"text": "May. The musical complexity of the records, created using relatively primitive four-track recording technology, astounded contemporary artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Song catalogue",
"text": "That year, as well, Starr created Startling Music, which holds the rights to his Beatles compositions, \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "His death left the group disoriented and fearful about the future."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "As their popularity spread, a frenzied adulation of the group took hold."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Controversies, Revolver and final tour",
"text": "The resulting riots endangered the group and they escaped the country with difficulty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960."
}
] |
The group was created in Manchester in 1961.
| 2 | 5 |
The Beatles
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49 (1965) is the shortest novel published by American author Thomas Pynchon."
}
] |
3p58c5wpcWfRFP7bUM7w
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49. J. B. Lippincott."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49. Harper and Row, 1986, reissued 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book",
"text": "J. Kerry Grant wrote A Companion to the Crying of Lot 49 in an attempt to catalogue these references but it is neither definitive nor complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49 (1965) is the shortest novel published by American author Thomas Pynchon."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book | The Beatles",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49 was published shortly after Beatlemania and the \"British invasion\" that took place in the United States and other Western countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book | Remedios Varo",
"text": "Near the beginning of The Crying of Lot 49, Oedipa recalls a trip to an art museum in Mexico with Inverarity, during which she encountered a painting, Bordando el Manto Terrestre by Remedios Varo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like most of Pynchon's output, Lot 49 is often described as postmodernist literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The book ends with Oedipa at an auction of Inverarity's possessions, waiting on the bidding of lot 49, which contains his stamp collection."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "The title of the 2018 AMC-TV series Lodge 49 alludes to the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Wendell \"Mucho\" Maas – Oedipa's husband, Mucho once worked in a used-car lot but recently became a disc jockey for KCUF radio in Kinneret, California."
}
] |
The Crying of Lot 49 is the author's most brief book.
| 0 | 0 |
The Crying of Lot 49
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Hall of Fame candidacy",
"text": "Raines was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2017, appearing on 86.0% of ballots cast."
}
] |
3qPqnG5iUx3RfcrqLPtL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "From 1983 to 1987, Total Baseball rated him as one of the National League's five best players each season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "Raines finished the game with four hits in five at-bats, three runs, one walk, a stolen base, and a game-winning grand slam in the 10th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raines was one of seven children."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Until 2008, his career stolen base percentage (84.7%) was the highest in major league history for players with 300 or more attempts"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple had two children: Tim Jr. (\"Little Rock\"), and André (\"Little Hawk\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "The baseball complex at Seminole High School in Sanford, Florida, Raines' alma mater, has been renamed Tim Raines Athletic Park in his honor, and Raines' number 22 has been retired at the school."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "Raines would, in 1992, be one of dozens of players retroactively awarded collusion damages, receiving over $865,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recovery and return",
"text": "center field and Raines, Sr. played left field for Baltimore, becoming the second father and son team to play for the same major league team (a feat previously accomplished by Ken Griffey, Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Post-Expos career",
"text": "In the 1993 American League Championship Series against the Toronto Blue Jays, Raines posted a .444 batting average and scored five runs in a losing cause."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Raines batted over .300 in five full seasons and over .320 from 1985 to 1987, winning the 1986 National League batting title with a .334 average."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Hall of Fame candidacy",
"text": "Raines was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2017, appearing on 86.0% of ballots cast."
}
] |
Tim Raines has been on more than five teams and is a Cooperstown inductee.
| 0 | 4 |
Tim Raines
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Destiny Hope Cyrus was born November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee, to Leticia \"Tish\" Jean Finley and country singer Billy Ray Cyrus."
}
] |
3qevUmwww7LYC353GD7L
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2016–2017: The Voice and Younger Now",
"text": "On September 17, 2016, she appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and covered Bob Dylan's \"Baby"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cyrus, the daughter of country music singer Billy Ray Cyrus, became a teen idol while portraying the title character of the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana (2006–2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "She then collaborated with her father on the single \"Ready, Set, Don't Go\" (2007)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "In 2001, when Cyrus was eight, she and her family moved to Toronto, Canada while her father filmed the television series Doc."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Cannabis use",
"text": "In a 2014 interview with W, Cyrus stated \"I love weed\" and \"I just love getting stoned.\" On a 2017 episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, Cyrus revealed that she quit cannabis before the press tour of her album Younger"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Brandi was formerly a musician for the indie rock band Frank + Derol and is a professional DJ."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: She Is Miley Cyrus",
"text": "In the episode, she portrays the fictional pop star Ashley O and provides the voice for her AI doll extension, Ashley Too."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Bangerz and Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz",
"text": "On January 29, 2014, she played an acoustic concert show on MTV Unplugged, performing songs from Bangerz featuring a guest appearance by Madonna."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy",
"text": "His acceptance speech encouraged musicians to learn more about homeless youth in Los Angeles at Cyrus's Facebook page."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Bangerz and Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz",
"text": "The accompanying music video, showing her swinging naked on a wrecking ball, was viewed over nineteen million times within its first day of release."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Destiny Hope Cyrus was born November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee, to Leticia \"Tish\" Jean Finley and country singer Billy Ray Cyrus."
}
] |
Miley Cyrus father was a famous country musician and starred on a Disney show.
| 3 | 3 |
Miley Cyrus
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was adapted into an Academy Award-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote."
}
] |
3r0RKxeiaVzzpmbvDyCH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was adapted into an Academy Award-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocket watch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "That film was a work of art\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The book is still as strong as it ever was, and so is the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "Lee was pleased with the film, \"In that film the man and the part met ... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "All the kids in the United States read this book and see the film in the seventh and eighth grades and write papers and essays."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: \"They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?'"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "\"In 2001, Lee was inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor."
}
] |
It was adapted into an Academy Award winning film in 1964.
| 2 | 5 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Claims of factual basis",
"text": "The film opens with the following text: This is a true story."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Claims of factual basis",
"text": "Regarding this apparent discrepancy, the Coen brothers claimed that they based their script on an actual criminal event, but wrote a fictional story around it."
}
] |
3r8gB4Mb4pbRpL075bHZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Claims of factual basis",
"text": "\"The basic events are the same as in the real case, but the characterizations are fully imagined ... If an audience believes that something's based on a real event, it gives you permission to do things they might otherwise not accept."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Claims of factual basis",
"text": "Regarding this apparent discrepancy, the Coen brothers claimed that they based their script on an actual criminal event, but wrote a fictional story around it."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Ebert called it \"one of the best films I've ever seen\", adding that \"films like Fargo are why I love the movies\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "After the movie's release, by some accounts, Brainerd was invaded by shovel-toting moviegoers searching for the buried ransom cash, inspired by the dubious \"based-on-a-true-story\" announcement in the opening credits."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Fargo holds a 93% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 92 reviews, with an average rating of 8.68/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Claims of factual basis",
"text": "Or, as we like to say, the only thing true about it is that it's a story."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Claims of factual basis",
"text": "The film opens with the following text: This is a true story."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Claims of factual basis",
"text": "The events depicted in this film took place in Minnesota in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Television series",
"text": "In 1997, a pilot was filmed for an intended television series based on the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, the American Film Institute named it one of the 100 greatest American films in history."
}
] |
Fargo was based on a true event.
| 1 | 3 |
Fargo (film)
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Texas Rangers president and CEO (2008–2013)",
"text": "On October 17, 2013, Ryan announced that he was stepping down as Rangers CEO effective October 31, 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Houston Astros special assistant (2014–2019)",
"text": "On February 11, 2014, Ryan accepted a position as an executive adviser for the Houston Astros under owner Jim Crane."
}
] |
3r9LLMIKw1XmoBy1PRKH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Texas Rangers president and CEO (2008–2013)",
"text": "On October 17, 2013, Ryan announced that he was stepping down as Rangers CEO effective October 31, 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Texas Rangers president and CEO (2008–2013)",
"text": "In February 2008, the Rangers hired Ryan as team president."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Texas Rangers president and CEO (2008–2013)",
"text": "Greenberg became managing general partner and CEO, while Ryan remained as team president."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Texas Rangers president and CEO (2008–2013)",
"text": "During the baseball owners' meetings in Scottsdale, Arizona, on March 1, 2013, the Rangers announced that general manager Jon Daniels would add president of baseball operations to his title."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Texas Rangers president and CEO (2008–2013)",
"text": "Rick George was promoted to president of business operations."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ryan was the first pitcher in MLB history to give up ten grand slam home runs, including one to Dann Howitt, the next-to-last batter Ryan faced in his career; he has since been surpassed."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Texas Rangers president and CEO (2008–2013)",
"text": "Ryan was immediately named as CEO while keeping the title of president."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Two managers, Casey Stengel (Yankees and Mets) and Sparky Anderson (Reds and Tigers) also had their numbers retired by more than one team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "On August 4, just before the end, Ryan had yet another high-profile moment—this time an on-the-mound fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Texas Rangers president and CEO (2008–2013)",
"text": "At midnight on August 5, 2010, the Ryan/Greenberg group, Rangers Baseball Express, was announced as the winners of the final auction to purchase the Rangers, after final approval from Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Houston Astros special assistant (2014–2019)",
"text": "On February 11, 2014, Ryan accepted a position as an executive adviser for the Houston Astros under owner Jim Crane."
}
] |
Nolan stepped down from his presidency of the Rangers one yoear, to become an 'assistant' the next for another team entirely.
| 1 | 7 |
Nolan Ryan
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Features common to all subgroups",
"text": "The lack of circulatory and respiratory organs limits platyhelminths to sizes and shapes that enable oxygen to reach and carbon dioxide to leave all parts of their bodies by simple diffusion."
}
] |
3rbtSuFH9DTy6vxV3YoH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Unlike other bilaterians, they are acoelomates (having no body cavity), and have no specialized circulatory and respiratory organs, which restricts them to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Features common to all subgroups",
"text": "The lack of circulatory and respiratory organs limits platyhelminths to sizes and shapes that enable oxygen to reach and carbon dioxide to leave all parts of their bodies by simple diffusion."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Distinguishing features",
"text": "They also lack specialized circulatory and respiratory organs, both of these facts are defining features when classifying a flatworm's anatomy."
},
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Cercomeromorpha | Cestoda",
"text": "Each proglottid has both male and female reproductive organs."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Features common to all subgroups",
"text": "The mesenchyme contains all the internal organs and allows the passage of oxygen, nutrients and waste products."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and evolutionary relationships",
"text": "Xenoturbella, a bilaterian whose only well-defined organ is a statocyst, was originally classified as a \"primitive turbellarian\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction with humans | Parasitism",
"text": "The condition has a low mortality rate, but usually presents as a chronic illness that can damage internal organs."
},
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Turbellaria",
"text": "This suggests the growth of a head is controlled by a chemical whose concentration diminishes throughout the organism, from head to tail."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and evolutionary relationships",
"text": "The Platyhelminthes have very few synapomorphies - distinguishing features that all Platyhelminthes (but no other animals) exhibit."
},
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Cercomeromorpha | Cestoda",
"text": "If a larva is swallowed by a copepod, it sheds the cilia and the skin becomes a syncitium; the larva then makes its way into the copepod's hemocoel (an internal cavity which is the central part of the circulatory system) where it attaches itself using three small hooks."
}
] |
Platyhelminthes have circulatory organs.
| 0 | 0 |
Platyhelminthes
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gang of Four (simplified Chinese: 四人帮; traditional Chinese: 四人幫; pinyin: Sì rén bāng) was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials."
}
] |
3t78r5DcgyMu93FviVpv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "Supporters of the Gang of Four, including Chen Boda and Mao Yuanxin, were also sentenced."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "In Shanghai, the Gang's supporters received a message to come to Beijing \"for a meeting\"."
},
{
"section_header": "\"New Gang of Four\"",
"text": "This group had little in common with the original Gang of Four and whether the new \"Gang\" truly had a coherent set of shared political interests was not clear."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Little Gang of Four\"",
"text": "In 1980, they were charged with \"grave errors\" in the struggle against the Gang of Four and demoted from the Political Bureau to mere Central Committee membership."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "The radicals hoped that the key military leaders Wang Dongxing and Chen Xilian would support them, but it seems that Hua won the Army over to his side."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "For the next few weeks the Gang of Four retained control over the government media, and many articles appeared on the theme of \"principles laid down\" (or \"established\") by Mao near the end of his life. (The words \"principles laid down\" were themselves supposedly a quotation from Mao, but their canonical status was in dispute.) Urban militia units commanded by supporters of the radical group were placed on a heightened state of readiness."
},
{
"section_header": "Hong Kong's \"Gang of Four\"",
"text": "In 2013, Mainland Chinese state media labelled Anson Chan, Martin Lee, Joseph Zen and Jimmy Lai as ‘Hong Kong's \"Gang of Four\"’ due to their alleged foreign connections."
},
{
"section_header": "Role",
"text": "Premier Zhou Enlai, who had accepted the Cultural Revolution, but never fully supported it, regained his authority, and used it to bring Deng Xiaoping back into the Party leadership at the 10th Party Congress in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "She was the only member of the Gang of Four who bothered to argue on her behalf."
},
{
"section_header": "Hong Kong's \"Gang of Four\"",
"text": "In 2019, Chinese state media labelled Anson Chan, Martin Lee, Jimmy Lai and Albert Ho as the gang of four due to their alleged collusion with foreign forces in relation to the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gang of Four (simplified Chinese: 四人帮; traditional Chinese: 四人幫; pinyin: Sì rén bāng) was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials."
}
] |
The first Gang of Four were big supporters of communism.
| 0 | 0 |
Gang of Four
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Her parents are Cynthia Louise (née Bissett), a philanthropist and business executive, and Internet entrepreneur Joseph Germanotta, and she has a younger sister named Natali."
}
] |
3tBI6XQ52rgQO3uXOtkQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "In turn, Versace calls Lady Gaga \"the fresh Donatella\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "In his article \"Lady Gaga Pioneered Online Fandom Culture"
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "The Elevated. From the Pharaoh to Lady Gaga marking the 150th anniversary of the National Museum in Warsaw."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Because of her influence on modern culture, and her rise to global fame, sociologist Mathieu Deflem of the University of South Carolina has offered a course titled \"Lady Gaga and the Sociology of the Fame\" since early 2011 with the objective of unraveling \"some of the sociologically relevant dimensions of the fame of Lady Gaga\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "Gaga signed a two-year residency, named Lady Gaga Enigma, to perform at the MGM Park Theater in Las Vegas."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "The Global Language Monitor named \"Lady Gaga\" as the Top Fashion Buzzword with her trademark \"no pants\" a close third."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2005–2007: Career beginnings",
"text": "The producer said they began dating in May 2006, and claimed to have been the first person to call her \"Lady Gaga\", which was derived from Queen's song \"Radio Ga Ga\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2010: Breakthrough with The Fame and The Fame Monster",
"text": "this era, Gaga ventured into business, collaborating with consumer electronics company Monster Cable Products to create in-ear, jewel-encrusted headphones called Heartbeats by Lady Gaga."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "According to Kelefa Sanneh of The New Yorker, \"Lady Gaga blazed a trail for truculent pop stars by treating her own celebrity as an evolving art project."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "In 2011, 121 women gathered at the Grammy Awards dressed in costumes similar to those worn by Gaga, earning the 2011 Guinness World Record for Largest Gathering of Lady Gaga Impersonators."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Her parents are Cynthia Louise (née Bissett), a philanthropist and business executive, and Internet entrepreneur Joseph Germanotta, and she has a younger sister named Natali."
}
] |
Lady Gaga has no siblings.
| 1 | 3 |
Lady Gaga
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Often cited as one of the most significant novels of the twentieth century, it uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration, describing events from the points of view of different characters."
}
] |
3tgltHfFitcpFOuWd0Kb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "While a few characters are most prominent, especially Yossarian and the Chaplain, the majority of named characters are described in detail with fleshed out or multidimensional personas to the extent that there are few if any \"minor characters\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Often cited as one of the most significant novels of the twentieth century, it uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration, describing events from the points of view of different characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Circular reasoning is widely used by some characters to justify their actions and opinions."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The first (chapters 1–11) broadly follows the story fragmented between characters, but in a single chronological time in 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Many events in the book are repeatedly described from differing points of view, so the reader learns more about each event from each iteration, with the new information often completing a joke, the setup of which was told several chapters previously."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Or one can say that it is too short because none of its many interesting characters and actions is given enough play to become a controlling interest\") disliked it."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The title Catch-11 was suggested, with the duplicated 1 paralleling the repetition found in a number of character exchanges in the novel, but because of the release of the 1960 movie Ocean's Eleven, this was also rejected."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept",
"text": "This darker, slower-paced, apocalyptic novel explores the pre- and post-war lives of some of the major characters in Catch-22, with particular emphasis on the relationship between Yossarian and tail gunner Sammy Singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Many of the characters are based on or connected to individuals from the 1950s: Milo Minderbinder's maxim \" What's good for M&M Enterprises is good for the country\" alludes to the former president of General Motors Charles Erwin Wilson's statement before the Senate: \" What's good for General Motors is good for the country.\" The question of \"Who promoted Major Major?"
},
{
"section_header": "Concept",
"text": "At one point, victims of harassment by military police quote the MPs' explanation of one of Catch-22's provisions: \"Catch-22 states that agents enforcing Catch-22 need not prove that Catch-22 actually contains whatever provision the accused violator is accused of violating.\" Another character explains: \"Catch-22 says they have a right to do anything we can't stop them from doing.\" Yossarian comes to realize that Catch-22 does not actually exist, but because the powers that be claim it does, and the world believes it does, it nevertheless has potent effects."
}
] |
Catch-22 describes the POV of multiple characters.
| 0 | 3 |
Catch-22
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "McCarthy was born in 1908 on a farm in the town of Grand Chute in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, the fifth of seven children."
}
] |
3thzSBpxpDFTUiKxBAd9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and Eisenhower",
"text": "As McCarthy became increasingly combative towards the Eisenhower Administration, Eisenhower faced repeated calls that he confront McCarthy directly."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and Eisenhower",
"text": "[McCarthy] more than to get the publicity that would be generated by a public repudiation by the President."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and Eisenhower",
"text": "During the 1952 presidential election, the Eisenhower campaign toured Wisconsin with McCarthy."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and the Truman administration",
"text": "McCarthy and President Truman clashed often during the years both held office."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and Eisenhower",
"text": "Eisenhower had never been an admirer of McCarthy, and their relationship became more hostile once Eisenhower was in office."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and the Truman administration",
"text": "It was the Truman Administration's State Department that McCarthy accused of harboring 205 (or 57 or 81) \"known Communists\"."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and Eisenhower",
"text": "After being elected president, Eisenhower made it clear to those close to him that he did not approve of McCarthy and he worked actively to diminish his power and influence."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and Eisenhower",
"text": "'\"McCarthy won reelection in 1952 with 54% of the vote, defeating former Wisconsin State Attorney General Thomas E. Fairchild"
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and Eisenhower",
"text": "However, under the advice of conservative colleagues who were fearful that Eisenhower could lose Wisconsin if he alienated McCarthy supporters, he deleted this defense from later versions of his speech."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and Eisenhower",
"text": "Those who expected that party loyalty would cause McCarthy to tone down his accusations of Communists being harbored within the government were soon disappointed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "McCarthy was born in 1908 on a farm in the town of Grand Chute in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, the fifth of seven children."
}
] |
McCarthy was the eldest of his siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe McCarthy
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human."
}
] |
3u5vFbrLLJmJu5iR1JrI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Names",
"text": "The commonly used name \"Sphinx\" was given to it in classical antiquity, about 2000 years after the commonly accepted date of its construction by reference to a Greek mythological beast with a lion's body, a woman's head and the wings of an eagle (although, like most Egyptian sphinxes, the Great Sphinx has a man's head and no wings)."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The lowest part of the body, including the legs, is solid rock."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The layer in which the head was sculpted is much harder."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The face and head have been mutilated by Moslem fanatics."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The body of the lion up to its neck is fashioned from softer layers that have suffered considerable disintegration."
},
{
"section_header": "Restoration",
"text": "In 1931 engineers of the Egyptian government repaired the head of the Sphinx."
},
{
"section_header": "Restoration",
"text": "Many renovations to the stone base and raw rock body were done in the 1980s, and then redone in the 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Prior to 1925, a large gaping shaft similar to these existed on the top of the Sphinx's head."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Legacy",
"text": "In 2008, the film 10,000 BC showed a supposed original Sphinx with a lion's head."
}
] |
It has a human head and the body of a tiger.
| 2 | 2 |
Great Sphinx of Giza
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Seven counties in the United States have been named after Stephen Decatur, including Decatur County, Alabama, Decatur County, Georgia, Decatur County, Indiana, Decatur County, Iowa, Decatur County, Kansas, and Decatur County, Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "At least 46 communities in the United States have been named after Stephen Decatur, including Decatur, Alabama, Decatur, Georgia, Decatur, Illinois, and Decatur, Texas."
}
] |
3uFidhuIzKRZMRUgNHws
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pre-commission",
"text": "To ensure his son's success in his naval career, the senior Decatur hired a tutor, Talbot Hamilton, a former officer of the Royal Navy, to instruct his son in navigational and nautical sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "At least 46 communities in the United States have been named after Stephen Decatur, including Decatur, Alabama, Decatur, Georgia, Decatur, Illinois, and Decatur, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Pre-commission",
"text": "It was promptly signed by George Washington that same day."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic life | Home in Washington",
"text": "Decatur's first home in Washington was 1903 Pennsylvania Avenue (one of the \"Seven Buildings\"), purchased in 1817."
},
{
"section_header": "War of 1812",
"text": "Consequently, the war was fought mostly in the naval theater where Decatur and other naval officers played major roles in the success of the United States' efforts during this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Seven counties in the United States have been named after Stephen Decatur, including Decatur County, Alabama, Decatur County, Georgia, Decatur County, Indiana, Decatur County, Iowa, Decatur County, Kansas, and Decatur County, Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Pre-commission",
"text": "While serving aboard United States Decatur received what was the equivalent to formal naval training not only from Hamilton but through active service aboard a commissioned ship, which is something that distinguished the young midshipman from many of his contemporaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born on the eastern shore of Maryland in Worcester County, the son of a U.S. naval officer who served during the American Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen Decatur Jr. (; January 5, 1779 – March 22, 1820) was a United States naval officer and commodore."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In honor of Stephen Decatur, five U.S. Navy ships have been named USS Decatur."
}
] |
Stephen Decatur was a successful and natural leader as a naval officer serving with George Washington and Hamilton with seven countries and 46 landmarks named after him.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen Decatur
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through a string of military victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC."
}
] |
3uewqWMpEx5TVCWCCvKv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through a string of military victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Octavian set about solidifying his power, and the era of the Roman Empire began."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Rumors of passive homosexuality",
"text": "The stories were repeated, referring to Caesar as the Queen of Bithynia, by some Roman politicians as a way to humiliate him."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship | Political reforms",
"text": "In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers, which made his person sacrosanct and allowed him to veto the Senate, although on at least one occasion, tribunes did attempt to obstruct him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has frequently appeared in literary and artistic works, and his political philosophy, known as Caesarism, inspired politicians into the modern era."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He ran against two powerful senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship | Political reforms",
"text": "Near the end of his life, Caesar began to prepare for a war against the Parthian Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship | Political reforms",
"text": "Thus, he could hold censorial powers, while technically not subjecting himself to the same checks to which the ordinary censors were subject, and he used these powers to fill the Senate with his own partisans."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship | Political reforms",
"text": "His powers within the state seem to have rested upon these magistracies."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historiography",
"text": "The modern historiography is influenced by the Octavian traditions, such as when Caesar's epoch is considered a turning point in the history of the Roman Empire."
}
] |
Julius Caesar is one of the most powerful politicians in the Assyrian empire.
| 3 | 6 |
Julius Caesar
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Sherman's father died suddenly in 1829, leaving his mother to care for 11 children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, to Charles Robert Sherman and his wife, Mary Hoyt Sherman, the eighth of their 11 children."
}
] |
3uruFe9iCh3ttxTcUUCI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Sherman (May 10, 1823 – October 22, 1900) was a politician from the U.S. state of Ohio during the American Civil War and into the late nineteenth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Senate | Financing the Civil War",
"text": "A 10% tax on state banknotes passed in 1865 to encourage the shift to a national bank system."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Senate | The Mongrel Tariff",
"text": "The commission's recommendations were ignored, however, as the House Ways and Means Committee, dominated by protectionists, provided a 10% reduction."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Senate | The Mongrel Tariff",
"text": "Sherman supported the bill, more for the excise reduction than for the tariff changes."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Senate | Final years in the Senate",
"text": "The more difficult fight had been for the Republican caucus's vote, as many preferred Foraker to Sherman."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Senate | Sherman Antitrust Act",
"text": "When Harrison signed the Act, he remarked, \"John Sherman has fixed General Alger.\" Sherman was the prime mover in getting the bill passed and became \"by far the most articulate spokesman for antitrust in Congress\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of the Treasury | Bland–Allison Act",
"text": "Sherman's opinion was more complicated."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1880",
"text": "His public speeches were adequate and informative, but never \"of a sort to arouse a warm feeling for John Sherman, the man."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "In that year, Sherman's father's cousin (also named John Sherman) took Sherman into his home in Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he enrolled in school."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Senate | Further presidential ambitions",
"text": "Sherman gained votes on the second ballot, but plateaued there; by the fifth ballot, it was clear that he would gain no more delegates."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Sherman's father died suddenly in 1829, leaving his mother to care for 11 children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, to Charles Robert Sherman and his wife, Mary Hoyt Sherman, the eighth of their 11 children."
}
] |
John Sherman had more than 10 siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
John Sherman
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Francis Michael McCarthy (July 24, 1863 – August 5, 1922) was an American Major League Baseball player."
}
] |
3vODZpkf7H0Byh4esgTp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Francis Michael McCarthy (July 24, 1863 – August 5, 1922) was an American Major League Baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection",
"text": "McCarthy's selection into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946 has always been a controversial one due to his less than spectacular statistics, especially when compared to those of his fellow inductees and some players who have not yet been honored."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection",
"text": "According to SABR, McCarthy is also the only Union Association player elected to the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection",
"text": "As of 2014, McCarthy had the lowest Jaffe Wins Above Replacement Score of any player in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection",
"text": "In The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, Sabermetrician Bill James makes the point that McCarthy was held in such high esteem because of his introduction of the \"hit and run\" play into the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection",
"text": "This play, among other novel strategies (such as batter to baserunner signals, etc.) that he and his Boston teammates utilized, were a clever and gentlemanly counter to the rough and tumble \"Baltimore\" style of play which was, at the time, giving baseball a bad name."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection",
"text": "Nevertheless, in the same book, James also said that McCarthy is the worst right fielder in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In limited innings and at-bats, he played poorly, batting at a paltry .215 average, and lost all seven of his pitching appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Setting aside aspirations of being a star pitcher, McCarthy finally settled into an everyday position in a lineup in 1888 with the St. Louis Browns in the American Association."
}
] |
Tommy McCarthy was an American Minor League Baseball player elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.
| 0 | 0 |
Tommy McCarthy
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Conlan retired to Arizona, where he enjoyed playing golf."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He umpired in five World Series and six All-Star Games."
}
] |
3vWJJB8VLUg1kWLVdrNT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Bertrand \"Jocko\" Conlan (December 6, 1899 – April 16, 1989) was an American baseball umpire who worked in the National League (NL) from 1941 to 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "Though he was hitting .292 when he got hurt, Stengel gave him half of a $1,000 bonus he was supposed to get for batting"
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "He was also the last NL umpire allowed to wear the outside chest protector, instead of the inside protector that all other NL umpires except Beans Reardon were using by then."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Conlan retired to Arizona, where he enjoyed playing golf."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "He retired after the 1964 season, but returned to work as a substitute umpire for 17 games in 1965.Conlan was known for several trademarks: Instead of a regular dress tie like most umpires of the day wore, Conlan wore a natty bow tie for his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "He also umpired in the playoff series to decide the NL's regular-season champions in 1951, 1959 and 1962 (some sources erroneously credit him with umpiring in the 1946 NL playoff as well)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "His son John Bertrand Conlan served as a U.S. Representative from Arizona from 1973 to 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He died in 1989 at a hospital in Scottsdale, Arizona."
},
{
"section_header": "Argument with Leo Durocher",
"text": "But I admired him for his courage as a player and an official.\" Jocko Conlan and manager Leo Durocher were both known as colorful characters, and sometimes they would clash."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "Conlan umpired in the National League from 1941 to 1965, officiating in five World Series (1945, 1950, 1954, 1957 and 1961) and six All-Star Games (1943, 1947, 1950, 1953, 1958 and the first 1962 contest)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He umpired in five World Series and six All-Star Games."
}
] |
Jocko Conlan was an umpire for almost a half dozen championship games between the NL and the AL and after his career was done he moved to Arizona
| 2 | 7 |
Jocko Conlan
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "[Furious 7] was for Paul, [the eighth film] is from Paul."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Diesel further hinted at an eighth film on Jimmy Kimmel Live!"
}
] |
3viZplpHEfxTIxH5oDQI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In April 2013, Australian director James Wan, predominantly known for horror films, was announced as the sequel's director, with Neal H. Moritz and Michael Fottrell returning to produce and Morgan returning to write the script, his fifth in the franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Wan later confirmed that the film had not been cancelled."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "On August 16, 2015, at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards (where Furious 7 received the award for Choice Movie – Action and Walker received the award for Choice Movie Actor – Action), Diesel gave the film the initial title Fast 8."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Thai martial arts actor Jaa was confirmed to have joined the cast in August 2013, making his Hollywood debut."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Furious 7 (titled onscreen as Fast & Furious 7) is a 2015 American action thriller film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Regarding a possible sequel, Vin Diesel said: I was trying to keep it close to the vest throughout the release."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "On October 14, 2015, Diesel announced on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon that Straight Outta Compton director F. Gary Gray would direct the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Vin Diesel as Dominic Toretto, a former criminal and professional street racer who has retired and settled down with his wife, Letty. Paul Walker as Brian O'Conner, a former FBI agent"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": ": Tokyo Drift (2006). On December 20, 2011, following the release of Fast Five, Vin Diesel stated that Fast Six would be split into two parts, with writing for the two films occurring simultaneously."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Rousey's involvement was confirmed in August 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "[Furious 7] was for Paul, [the eighth film] is from Paul."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Diesel further hinted at an eighth film on Jimmy Kimmel Live!"
}
] |
"Furious 7" was the last movie of the series, as confirmed by director, James Wan, and lead actor, Vin Diesel.
| 2 | 5 |
Furious 7
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Three Musketeers (French: Les Trois Mousquetaires [le tʁwɑ muskətɛːʁ]) is a historical adventure novel written in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas."
}
] |
3vvurLLGhNQ3O42KR3ki
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "The Three Musketeers was written in collaboration with Auguste Maquet, who also worked with Dumas on its sequels (Twenty Years After and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later), as well as The Count of Monte Cristo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Three Musketeers (French: Les Trois Mousquetaires [le tʁwɑ muskətɛːʁ]) is a historical adventure novel written in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Dumas presents his novel as one of a series of recovered manuscripts, turning the origins of his romance into a little drama of its own."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "According to Dumas, the incident where d'Artagnan tells of his first visit to M. de Tréville, captain of the Musketeers,"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "In 1939, American author Tiffany Thayer published a book titled Three Musketeers (Thayer, 1939)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "The Three Musketeers is a musical with a book by William Anthony McGuire, lyrics by Clifford Grey and P. G. Wodehouse, and music by Rudolf Friml."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "In the book The Assault, The Three Musketeers is quoted in the Prologue as the protagonist had the story read to him by Mr. Beumer, a lawyer who later becomes senile and in morbidity."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "The Three Musketeers was first published in serial form in the newspaper Le Siècle between March and July 1844."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Historical charactersKing Louis XIII of France: presented by Dumas as a fairly weak monarch often manipulated by his chief minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "That much is true – the rest is fiction: He finally found the names of the three musketeers in a manuscript titled Mémoire de M. le comte de la Fère, etc."
}
] |
The Three Musketeers was originally a book that written by a Dumas from France.
| 1 | 1 |
The Three Musketeers
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "From 1999 to 2001, the book was also adapted as an animated television series, broadcast on CITV in the UK and on YTV in Canada."
}
] |
3w2YsiBorTEKlcx5PqaB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The Mouse: Never named, the mouse is a resident of Watership Down before the arrival of the rabbits."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "In 2006, Watership Down was again adapted for the stage, this time by Rona Munro."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "\"In 2011, Watership Down was adapted for the Lifeline Theatre in Chicago by John Hildreth."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 1978 Martin Rosen wrote and directed an animated film adaptation of Watership Down."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Audiobooks",
"text": "In 1984, Watership Down was adapted into a four-cassette audiobook by John Maher in association with the Australian Broadcasting Company's Renaissance Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Parodies",
"text": "Watership Down can be Ireland after the famine, Rwanda after the massacres.\" Kadish has praised both the fantasy genre and Watership Down for its \"motifs [that] hit home in every culture ... all passersby are welcome to bring their own subplots and plug into the archetype.\" In the American stop motion TV show Robot Chicken, a parody of the book is done with the Fraggles, the main characters of the 80s show Fraggle Rock, in place of the rabbits."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Audiobooks",
"text": "In 2019, Blackstone Audio Inc. released an unabridged version of Watership Down with a foreword by the author, Richard Adams."
},
{
"section_header": "Lapine language",
"text": "The language was again used in Adams' 1996 sequel, Tales from Watership Down, and has appeared in both the film and television adaptations."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part 4",
"text": "His body is never found, and at least one of his former followers continues to believe in his survival."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "His name is pronounced with the same cadence as the phrase \"Never say die\", thus, \"El-a-hrai-rah\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "From 1999 to 2001, the book was also adapted as an animated television series, broadcast on CITV in the UK and on YTV in Canada."
}
] |
Watership Down was never adapted to TV.
| 0 | 0 |
Watership Down
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972."
}
] |
3w7AQf2o5d1BexL5I9qs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Rather than bringing in a relief pitcher only when the starting pitcher had begun to struggle, teams increasingly called upon their relief pitchers toward the end of any close game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Though Wilhelm was primarily a starting pitcher in the minor leagues, he had been called up to a Giants team whose strong starting pitchers had led them to a National League (NL) pennant the year before."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "The 1954 World Series represented Wilhelm's only career postseason play."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "Although he had a 2.49 ERA, none of the Indians' catchers could handle Wilhelm's knuckleball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Giants manager Leo Durocher did not think that Wilhelm's knuckleball approach would be effective for more than a few innings at a time."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "Despite Wilhelm's success, the White Sox, who had won at least 83 games per season in the 1960s, performed poorly."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Wilhelm's ERA increased to 3.93 over 59 games and 103 innings pitched in 1955, but he managed a 4–1 record."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "Wilhelm's career-low ERA (1.31) came in 1967, when he earned an 8–3 record for the White Sox with 12 saves."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wilhelm's first assignment in the Giants organization was in Class B with the 1948 Knoxville Smokies, for whom he registered 13 wins and 9 losses."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Former teammate Moose Skowron commented on Wilhelm's key pitch, saying, \"Hoyt was a good guy, and he threw the best knuckleball I ever saw."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972."
}
] |
Wilhelm's was called was "Fast Joe".
| 0 | 0 |
Hoyt Wilhelm
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially, however, the play struck many audience members as continuing the immorality of the previous decades, and was not well received."
}
] |
3wRYO0sdFsyDsJjNp2n2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Way of the World is a play written by the English playwright William Congreve."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially, however, the play struck many audience members as continuing the immorality of the previous decades, and was not well received."
},
{
"section_header": "Epigraph of the 1700 edition",
"text": "The epigraph found on the title page of the 1700 edition of The Way of the World contains two Latin quotations from Horace's Satires."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "In 1700, the world of London theatre-going had changed significantly from the days of, for example, The Country Wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Therefore, The Way of the World's recreation of the older Restoration comedy's patterns is only one of the things that made the play unusual."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "In order for them to marry and receive Millamant's full dowry, Mirabell must receive the blessing of Millamant's aunt, Lady Wishfort."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mirabell calls on Waitwell who brings a contract from the time before the marriage of the Fainalls in which Mrs. Fainall gives all her property to Mirabell."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "However, by 1700, the other side was ascendant."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The play is centred on the two lovers Mirabell and Millamant (originally played by John Verbruggen and Anne Bracegirdle)."
},
{
"section_header": "Further points of consideration",
"text": "Women's subjugation to their husbands under both law and custom at the time, and an attempt to improve the position of wife, underlie a scene where Millamant states her terms for a pre-nuptial agreement with Mirabell."
}
] |
The 1700 play The Way of the World was well received at the time.
| 0 | 1 |
The Way of the World
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The so-called \"whiskey tax\" was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government."
},
{
"section_header": "Whiskey tax",
"text": "This was to be the first tax levied by the national government on a domestic product."
}
] |
3wnVZXdBsDBFD2Uauj8V
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Whiskey tax",
"text": "\" Taxes were politically unpopular, and Hamilton believed that the whiskey excise was a luxury tax and would be the least objectionable tax that the government could levy."
},
{
"section_header": "Whiskey tax",
"text": "This was to be the first tax levied by the national government on a domestic product."
},
{
"section_header": "Resistance",
"text": "In August 1792, a second convention was held in Pittsburgh to discuss resistance to the whiskey tax."
},
{
"section_header": "Western grievances",
"text": "Until these issues were addressed, westerners felt that the government was ignoring their security and economic welfare."
},
{
"section_header": "Whiskey tax",
"text": "The excise became known as the \"whiskey tax."
},
{
"section_header": "Resistance",
"text": "Hamilton regarded the second Pittsburgh convention as a serious threat to the operation of the laws of the federal government."
},
{
"section_header": "Whiskey tax",
"text": "The previous central government under the Articles of Confederation had been unable to levy taxes; it had borrowed money to meet expenses and fund the Revolutionary War, accumulating $54 million in debt."
},
{
"section_header": "Whiskey tax",
"text": "The state governments had amassed an additional $25 million in debt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The so-called \"whiskey tax\" was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government."
},
{
"section_header": "Whiskey tax",
"text": "A new U.S. federal government began operating in 1789, following the ratification of the United States Constitution."
}
] |
The whiskey tax was the second issued by the government.
| 1 | 3 |
Whiskey Rebellion
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story is told through the eyes of Willis \"Willie\" Seward Keith, an affluent, callow young graduate of Princeton University."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Following a mediocre living as a nightclub piano player, he signs up for midshipman school at Columbia University with the United States Navy to avoid being drafted into the United States Army during World War II."
}
] |
3wyWgya6ImJKXX2HJwaI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "As the Caine begins its missions under his command, Queeg loses the respect of the crew and loyalty of the wardroom through a series of incidents."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "He calls Keefer, not Maryk, \"the true author of 'The Caine Mutiny'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Rather than catch up with it, he plays piano for an admiral who has taken a shine to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny is the 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Herman Wouk."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "De Vriess is relieved by Lieutenant Commander Philip Francis Queeg, a strong, by-the-book figure, whom Willie at first believes to be just what the rusty Caine and its rough-necked crew needs."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "The book ends with Willie and May's situation unresolved, but Willie determined to convince May to become his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "After the novel's success, Wouk adapted the court-martial sequence into a full-length, two-act Broadway play, The Caine Mutiny Court Martial."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story is told through the eyes of Willis \"Willie\" Seward Keith, an affluent, callow young graduate of Princeton University."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Like both Keefer and Willie, Wouk rose through the ship's wardroom of Zane from assistant communications officer to first lieutenant."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny reached the top of the New York Times best seller list on August 12, 1951, after 17 weeks on the list, replacing From Here to Eternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Following a mediocre living as a nightclub piano player, he signs up for midshipman school at Columbia University with the United States Navy to avoid being drafted into the United States Army during World War II."
}
] |
The Caine Mutiny is a book that is perceived through an Ivy League alumni and piano player's observation.
| 0 | 0 |
The Caine Mutiny
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple would later divorce after Grove had an affair with another woman."
}
] |
3x2LtnIMCpz5UgFWY1c8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "During offseasons and after retiring, Grove operated a bowling alley in Lonaconing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Moses \"Lefty\" Grove (March 6, 1900 – May 22, 1975) was an American professional baseball pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston Red Sox",
"text": "In his last season, he won and lost 7 games, winning his 300th game on July 25 (giving up 6 runs on 12 hits, but winning 10-6), before losing his last three major league games, ending his career on September 28, pitching just one inning in the 2nd game of a doubleheader."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Grove didn't play organized baseball until he was 19 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children, Robert and Doris."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Grove was born in Lonaconing, Maryland, one of eight children of John Robert Grove (1865–1957) and Emma Catherine Beeman (1872–1959)."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston Red Sox",
"text": "He pitched 262 innings for the season; this was his 11th and final season where he pitched over 200 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles (minor league)",
"text": "Since the reserve clause in all contracts was honored throughout organized baseball, this meant that Grove had no way to reach the majors until the Orioles became willing to trade or sell his contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 59 innings pitched, Grove gave up just 30 hits, and he had an earned run average (ERA) of 1.68."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "In 1933, Grove became the first player in Major League Baseball history to strike out five times in a nine-inning game."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple would later divorce after Grove had an affair with another woman."
}
] |
Robert Moses Grove had a happy marriage that lasted until his wife was murdered in a bowling alley.
| 1 | 1 |
Lefty Grove
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A group of Houston businessmen purchased the site for Bush Intercontinental Airport in 1957 to preserve it until the city of Houston could formulate a plan for a new airport as a replacement for William P. Hobby Airport (at the time known as Houston International Airport)."
}
] |
3x4RgZ3snRpiL6lp57KY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In April 1997, Houston City Council unanimously voted to rename the airport George Bush Intercontinental Airport/Houston, after George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name change took effect on May 2, 1997.On August 28, 1990, Continental Airlines agreed to build its maintenance center at George Bush Intercontinental Airport; Continental agreed to do so because the city of Houston agreed to provide city-owned land near the airport."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A group of Houston businessmen purchased the site for Bush Intercontinental Airport in 1957 to preserve it until the city of Houston could formulate a plan for a new airport as a replacement for William P. Hobby Airport (at the time known as Houston International Airport)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IATA: IAH, ICAO: KIAH,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport, originally named \"Houston Intercontinental Airport\", was later renamed after George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Recent airline and airport developments: 2000 to the present day",
"text": "In December 2009, the Houston City Council approved a plan to allow Midway Cos. to develop 10 acres (4.0 ha) of land owned by Houston Airport System (HAS) on the grounds of Bush Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Ground transportation",
"text": "Super Shuttle uses shared vans to provide services from George Bush Intercontinental Airport to the surrounding communities."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Ground transportation",
"text": "From Downtown Houston one can travel to George Bush Intercontinental by taking Interstate 69/U.S. Route 59 (Eastex Freeway) to Beltway 8 or to Will Clayton Parkway, and access the airport from either road."
},
{
"section_header": "Artwork",
"text": "\"Lights Spikes\" was created for the 1990 G7 Summit when it was hosted by President George H. W. Bush in Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The City of Houston annexed the Intercontinental Airport area in 1965."
}
] |
Land for George Bush Intercontinental Airport was privately purchased and held for the City of Houston.
| 0 | 0 |
George Bush Intercontinental Airport
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Later named an All-American athlete, he established school records in career at bats (754) and career stolen bases (110) before graduating in 1977."
}
] |
3xQofcGZzyyyM5Tk54et
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Later named an All-American athlete, he established school records in career at bats (754) and career stolen bases (110) before graduating in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "It didn't get any better, but it was good enough that I didn't have to have surgery."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was attending junior high school, his parents divorced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite a rotator cuff injury during the 1985 season, Smith posted career highs in multiple offensive categories in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "During July of the 1984 season, Smith went on the disabled list with a broken wrist after being hit by a pitch during a game against the Padres."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He quickly established himself as an outstanding fielder, and he later became known for performing backflips on special occasions while taking his position at the beginning of a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While participating in childhood athletic activities, Smith developed quick reflexes; he went on to play baseball in high school and college, at Los Angeles' Locke High School and Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Upon becoming a student at Locke High School, Smith played on the basketball and baseball teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "When St. Louis was trailing 3–1 with one out in the sixth inning of Game 7, Smith started a rally with a base hit to left field, eventually scoring the first of the team's three runs that inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "On December 10, 1981, the Padres traded him along with a player to be named later and Steve Mura to the Cardinals for a player to be named later, Sixto Lezcano and Garry Templeton."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith did not establish school records in career despite being a good player.
| 4 | 4 |
Ozzie Smith
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ] (listen); 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP)."
}
] |
3xRRZq68qkAzlgfcHK6n
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years | Childhood and education",
"text": "Hitler was deeply affected by the death of his younger brother Edmund, who died in 1900 from measles."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Dictatorship",
"text": "On 2 August 1934, Hindenburg died."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "Paula Hitler, the younger sister of Hitler and the last living member of his immediate family, died in June 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Path to defeat",
"text": "Between 1939 and 1945, there were many plans to assassinate Hitler, some of which proceeded to significant degrees."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On 29 April 1945, he married his longtime lover Eva Braun."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition, 28.7 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich",
"text": "On 21 December 1907, his mother died of breast cancer at the age of 47, when he himself was 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These gains were gradually reversed after 1941, and in 1945 the Allied armies defeated the German army."
},
{
"section_header": "The Holocaust",
"text": "Many victims of the Holocaust were gassed to death, while others died of starvation or disease or while working as slave labourers."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Defeat and death",
"text": "On 30 April 1945, Soviet troops were within a block or two of the Reich Chancellery when Hitler shot himself in the head and Braun bit into a cyanide capsule."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ] (listen); 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP)."
}
] |
Hitler died in 1945.
| 0 | 0 |
Adolf Hitler
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe, being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain."
}
] |
3xvuZ3zYzDu8ML1i2QET
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory",
"text": "The region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Neanderthals and then by Homo sapiens, who roamed the border-less region of the northern Iberian peninsula."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Carnation Revolution and European integration",
"text": "On 26 March 1995, Portugal started to implement Schengen Area rules, eliminating border controls with other Schengen members while simultaneously strengthening border controls with non-member states."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory",
"text": "The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Afonsine era",
"text": "This treaty established among other things the border demarcation between the kingdom of Portugal and the kingdom of Leon, where the disputed town of Olivenza was included."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Government finance",
"text": "The Portuguese government also agreed to eliminate its golden share in Portugal Telecom which gave it veto power over vital decisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Portugal and the United Kingdom share the world's oldest active military accord through their Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (Treaty of Windsor), which was signed in 1373."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Afonsine era",
"text": "In 1249, the Reconquista ended with the capture of the Algarve and complete expulsion of the last Moorish settlements on the southern coast, giving Portugal its present-day borders, with minor exceptions."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Portuguese is a Romance language that originated from Galician-Portuguese; an extinct language that was spoken in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal regions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | County of Portugal",
"text": "Later the Kingdom of Asturias was divided into a number of Christian Kingdoms in Northern Iberia due to dynastic divisions of inheritance among the king's offspring."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Constitutional monarchy",
"text": "With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese territories in Africa had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe, being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain."
}
] |
Portugal shares northern border with Belgium.
| 3 | 6 |
Portugal
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Media representations | Games",
"text": "In Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes (2014), one mission requires the player to extract two prisoners from the fictional \"Camp Omega,\" a stand-in for Guantanamo Bay, in early 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Media representations | Games",
"text": "In Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist (2013) the player is tasked with infiltrating and escaping from Guantanamo Bay."
}
] |
3yIPZsj5tbtSXOZXX9cA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Guantanamo military commission | \"Camp Justice\"",
"text": "The camp was redesigned as a portable, temporary facility, costing approximately $10 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Media representations | Radio",
"text": "Camp Delta, Guantanamo (30 April 2006), a radio feature by Frank Smith"
},
{
"section_header": "Media representations | Games",
"text": "In Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes (2014), one mission requires the player to extract two prisoners from the fictional \"Camp Omega,\" a stand-in for Guantanamo Bay, in early 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Media representations | Games",
"text": "In Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist (2013) the player is tasked with infiltrating and escaping from Guantanamo Bay."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also referred to as Guantánamo, GTMO, and Gitmo (), which is on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Media representations | Games",
"text": "In Devil's Third opening sequence depicting Russian anti hero protagonist, Ivan playing drums in underground prison before mission breaking out during Guantanamo Bay riot."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In April 2011, WikiLeaks began publishing 779 secret files relating to prisoners in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In a 2005 Amnesty International report, the facility was called the \"Gulag of our times.\" In 2006, the United Nations unsuccessfully demanded that Guantanamo Bay detention camp be closed."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and condemnation",
"text": "The U.S. has held 779 men at the detention facility over the past 12 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Guantanamo military commission | \"Camp Justice\"",
"text": "Initially the complex was to be a permanent facility, costing over $100 million."
}
] |
The Guantanamo Bay detention camp has been featured in over 10 games.
| 0 | 0 |
Guantanamo Bay detention camp
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The term \"time machine\", coined by Wells, is now almost universally used to refer to such a vehicle or device."
}
] |
3zJGaQ7aFBYdVpXE42eA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Time Machine is a science fiction novella by H. G. Wells, published in 1895 and written as a frame narrative."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "In 2018, US imprint Insight Comics published an adaptation of the novel, as part of their \"H. G. Wells\" series of comic books."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio and audio | 2009 BBC Radio 3 broadcast",
"text": "Robert Glenister starred as the Time Traveller, with William Gaunt as H. G. Wells in a new 100-minute radio dramatisation by Philip Osment, directed by Jeremy Mortimer as part of a BBC Radio Science Fiction season."
},
{
"section_header": "The Time Traveller",
"text": "Although the Time Traveller's real name is never given in the original novella, other sources have named him: The 1960 film named him H. George Wells, although he was only called George in dialogue."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio and audio | 2009 BBC Radio 3 broadcast",
"text": "Gunnar Cauthery as Young H. G. Wells Stephen Critchlow as Filby, friend of the young Wells Chris Pavlo as Bennett, friend of the young Wells Manjeet Mann as Mrs. Watchett, the Traveller's housemaid Jill Crado as Weena, one of the Eloi and the Traveller's partner Robert Lonsdale, Inam Mirza, and Dan Starkey as other charactersThe adaptation retained the nameless status of the Time Traveller and set it as a true story told to the young Wells by the time traveller, which Wells then re-tells as an older man to the American journalist, Martha, whilst firewatching on the roof of Broadcasting House during the Blitz."
},
{
"section_header": "The Time Traveller",
"text": "The events of this story are portrayed as having inspired Wells to write The Time Machine."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Derivative work | Time After Time (1979 film)",
"text": "In Time After Time, H.G. Wells invents a time machine and shows it to some friends in a manner similar to the first part of the novella."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The term \"time machine\", coined by Wells, is now almost universally used to refer to such a vehicle or device."
},
{
"section_header": "The Time Traveller",
"text": "H.G. Wells' great-grandson, Simon Wells, directed a 2002 remake where the Time Traveller's name is Alexander Hartdegen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Time Machine has been adapted into three feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions and many comic book adaptations."
}
] |
The Time Machine was not introduced by H. G. Wells.
| 3 | 6 |
The Time Machine
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benito Pablo Juárez García (Spanish: [beˈnito ˈpaβlo ˈxwaɾes gaɾˈsi.a] (listen); 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican lawyer and politician, who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in 1872."
}
] |
40jzQaTlnU5XyQhEvOe0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He asserted his leadership as the legitimate head of the Mexican state, rather than Emperor Maximilian, whom the French had installed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benito Pablo Juárez García (Spanish: [beˈnito ˈpaβlo ˈxwaɾes gaɾˈsi.a] (listen); 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican lawyer and politician, who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in 1872."
},
{
"section_header": "French Intervention (1861–67)",
"text": "In response to the French invasion and the elevation of Maximilian as Emperor of Mexico, Juárez sent General Plácido Vega y Daza to California to gather Mexican American sympathy for republican Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "French Intervention (1861–67)",
"text": "Meanwhile, Maximilian von Habsburg, younger brother of Habsburg Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria, was proclaimed Emperor as Maximilian I of Mexico on 20 April 1864, with the backing of Napoleon III and a group of Mexican conservatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "In New York City is Benito Juárez (2004), a sculpture by Mexican Moises Cabrera Orozco, installed in Bryant Park in Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Constitutional Presidency (1861–1862)",
"text": "They realized that the French Emperor Napoleon III intended to overthrow the Juárez government and establish a Second Mexican Empire, with the support of remaining Conservatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Juarez is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of Mexican snake, Geophis juarezi."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The period of his leadership is known in Mexican history as La Reforma del Norte (The Reform of the North)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When the French-backed Second Mexican Empire fell in 1867, the Mexican Republic with Juárez as president regained full power."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Appointed as head justice of the nation's Supreme Court, Juárez identified primarily as a Liberal politician."
}
] |
Benito Juarez was a Mexican lawyer and politician, who served as the 26th president of Mexico, AND asserted his leadership as the legitimate head of the Mexican state, rather than Emperor Maximilian, whom the French had installed.
| 0 | 0 |
Benito Juarez
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, the reconciliation ends when Vivie finds out that her mother continues to run the business even though she no longer needs to."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elements of the play were borrowed from Shaw's 1882 novel Cashel Byron's Profession, about a man who becomes a boxer due to limited employment opportunities."
}
] |
40koH4kUrAHF1xkHFerg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mrs. Warren's Profession is a play written by George Bernard Shaw in 1893, and first performed in London in 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, the reconciliation ends when Vivie finds out that her mother continues to run the business even though she no longer needs to."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Sir George Crofts: Mrs. Warren's business partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elements of the play were borrowed from Shaw's 1882 novel Cashel Byron's Profession, about a man who becomes a boxer due to limited employment opportunities."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mrs. Warren successfully justifies to her daughter how she chose her particular profession in order to support her daughter and give her the opportunities she never had."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Vivie Warren: Mrs. Warren's daughter, recently graduated from university with honours."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1960 German film adaption, Mrs. Warren's Profession, starred Lilli Palmer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play is about a former prostitute, now a madam (brothel proprietor), who attempts to come to terms with her disapproving daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Sir Harry Johnston wrote a sequel, a novel entitled Mrs. Warren's Daughter, circa 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "in which she justifies herself, is only a paraphrase of a scene in a novel of my own, Cashel Byron's Profession (hence the title, Mrs Warren's Profession), in which a prize-fighter shows how he was driven into the ring exactly as Mrs. Warren was driven on the streets."
}
] |
Mrs. Warren's Profession is a play written by George Bernard Shaw is about a boxer who wants to reconnect with his daughter until he finds out she is a prostitute.
| 0 | 0 |
Mrs. Warren's Profession
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later career | Death (183 to 181 BC)",
"text": "Hannibal, discovering that the castle where he was living was surrounded by Roman soldiers and he could not escape, took poison."
}
] |
40kuNlIZv0BBmDXg8kUS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Legacy to the ancient world",
"text": "This may not be true, but as Lazenby states, \"could well be, exemplifying as it does not only the supreme confidence felt by the Romans in ultimate victory, but also the way in which something like normal life continued."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Military history",
"text": "He had indeed bitter enemies, and his life was one continuous struggle against destiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Death (183 to 181 BC)",
"text": "Pliny the Elder and Plutarch, in his life of Flamininus, record that Hannibal's tomb was at Libyssa on the coast of the Sea of Marmara."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War in Italy (218–204 BC) | Battle of Trebia",
"text": "Scipio was severely injured, his life only saved by the bravery of his son who rode back onto the field to rescue his fallen father."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Exile (after 195 BC)",
"text": "He replied, \"I have seen during my life many old fools; but this one beats them all.\" Another story, according to Aulus Gellius, is that when Antiochus III showed off the gigantic and elaborately equipped army he had created to invade Greece to Hannibal, he asked him if they would be enough for the Roman Republic, to which Hannibal replied, \"I think all this will be enough, yes, quite enough, for the Romans, even though they are most avaricious.\" In 191 BC, the Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio routed Antiochus at the battle of Thermopylae and obliged him to withdraw to Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Exile (after 195 BC)",
"text": "He also used citizen support to change the term of office in the Hundred and Four from life to a year, with none permitted to \"hold office for two consecutive years.\" Seven years after the victory of Zama, the Romans, alarmed by Carthage's renewed prosperity and suspicious that Hannibal had been in contact with Antiochus III of Syria, sent a delegation to Carthage alleging Hannibal was helping an enemy of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Legacy to the ancient world",
"text": "Most of the sources available to historians about Hannibal are from Romans."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Legacy to the ancient world",
"text": "Hannibal caused great distress to many in Roman society."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Death (183 to 181 BC)",
"text": "At this stage, the Romans intervened and threatened Bithynia into giving up Hannibal."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War in Italy (218–204 BC) | Hannibal's retreat in Italy",
"text": "Hannibal attempted to lift the siege with an assault on the Roman siege lines but failed."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Death (183 to 181 BC)",
"text": "Hannibal, discovering that the castle where he was living was surrounded by Roman soldiers and he could not escape, took poison."
}
] |
Hannibal rage-quit life when the Romans outplayed him.
| 0 | 0 |
Hannibal
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Medea (; Ancient Greek: Μήδεια, Mēdeia, Georgian: მედეა, Medea) is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "One of the only uncontested facts is that she is a direct descendant of the sun god Helios (son of the Titan Hyperion) through her father King Aeëtes of Colchis."
}
] |
41FsdiM9zxNdXA3jXkIW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Jason and Medea",
"text": "She told them she could turn an old ram into a young ram by cutting up the old ram and boiling it in magic herbs."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Jason and Medea",
"text": "Excited, the girls cut their father into pieces and threw him into a pot."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "She also has connections with Hecate, who was the goddess of magic, which could be one of the main sources from which she draws her magical ties."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Medea (; Ancient Greek: Μήδεια, Mēdeia, Georgian: მედეა, Medea) is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "She is directly influenced by the Greek gods (through Hera and Aphrodite) and while she possesses magical abilities, she is still a mortal with divine ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "One of the only uncontested facts is that she is a direct descendant of the sun god Helios (son of the Titan Hyperion) through her father King Aeëtes of Colchis."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Jason and Medea",
"text": "This came true through Battus, a descendant of Euphemus."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Jason and Medea",
"text": "During her demonstration, a live, young ram jumped out of the pot."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "Her domestic bliss was once again shattered by the arrival of Aegeus' long-lost son, Theseus."
}
] |
Medea, of Greek mythological fame, was said to be the descendant of Medusa, and once had a man's daughters murder him and cut the body into pieces in order to de-age him, based on a magic trick with a ram.
| 3 | 5 |
Medea
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "While at the hospital he developed a blood clot in his leg, and when it worsened he was sent to a hospital in Ann Arbor, Michigan; he died en route on February 11, 1950."
}
] |
41jzsolMpg0zPGiU7auM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "In the second explanation, \"Kiki Cuyler\" came from the player's stuttering problem and the way it sounded when Cuyler said his own last name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Two explanations have been given for the origin of Cuyler's nickname, \"Kiki\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs and later career",
"text": "The Giants scored 4 runs in the top of the tenth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In 2008, State Highway M-72 within Alcona County was named the \"Hazen Shirley 'Kiki' Cuyler Memorial Highway\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "While at the hospital he developed a blood clot in his leg, and when it worsened he was sent to a hospital in Ann Arbor, Michigan; he died en route on February 11, 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hazen Shirley Cuyler (; August 30, 1898 – February 11, 1950), nicknamed Kiki, was an American professional baseball right fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs and later career",
"text": "In the bottom of the ninth inning, with two outs, down 5–4 against the Giants, Cuyler singled home the tying run, which raised his hit total to 4 for the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Cuyler only hit .269 in the World Series, but his two-run double in the bottom of the eighth inning of game seven scored the deciding runs, the Pirates won Game 7 9–7."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs and later career",
"text": "After two straight outs to start the bottom of the tenth inning, teammate Mark Koenig hit a solo home run, this was followed by three straight singles."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cuyler was born in Harrisville, Michigan, on August 30, 1898, to George and Anna Cuyler."
}
] |
Kiki Cuyler died after vital fluid congealed in his lower appendage's circulatory system.
| 0 | 0 |
Kiki Cuyler
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1889–1913: Early years | Background and childhood hardship",
"text": "As the situation deteriorated, Chaplin was sent to Lambeth Workhouse when he was seven years old."
}
] |
41kLLtKHB6cvQJMklL3D
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1939–1952: Controversies and fading popularity | Legal troubles and Oona O'Neill",
"text": "Chaplin, then 54, had been introduced to her by a film agent seven months earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1889–1913: Early years | Background and childhood hardship",
"text": "As the situation deteriorated, Chaplin was sent to Lambeth Workhouse when he was seven years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmmaking | Method",
"text": "Many of his early films began with only a vague premise – for example \"Charlie enters a health spa\" or \"Charlie works in a pawn shop.\" He then had sets constructed and worked with his stock company to improvise gags and \"business\" using them, almost always working the ideas out on film."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemoration and tributes",
"text": "It opened on 17 April 2016 after 15 years of development, and is described by Reuters as \"an interactive museum showcasing the life and works of Charlie Chaplin\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1914–1917: Entering films | Essanay",
"text": "The final seven of Chaplin's 14 Essanay films were all produced at this slower pace."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1923–1938: Silent features | City Lights",
"text": "One journalist wrote, \"Nobody in the world but Charlie Chaplin could have done it."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1939–1952: Controversies and fading popularity | The Great Dictator",
"text": "\"I was determined to go ahead,\" he later wrote, \"for Hitler must be laughed at.\" Chaplin replaced the Tramp (while wearing similar attire) with \"A Jewish Barber\", a reference to the Nazi party's belief that he was Jewish."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemoration and tributes",
"text": "The city also includes a road named after him in central London, \"Charlie Chaplin Walk\", which is the location of the BFI IMAX."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmmaking | Style and themes",
"text": "It is paradoxical that tragedy stimulates the spirit of ridicule ... ridicule, I suppose, is an attitude of defiance; we must laugh in the face of our helplessness against the forces of nature – or go insane."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1914–1917: Entering films | Mutual",
"text": "Harper's Weekly reported that the name of Charlie Chaplin was \"a part of the common language of almost every country\", and that the Tramp image was \"universally familiar\"."
}
] |
Charlie Chaplin did go to work at only seven.
| 0 | 0 |
Charlie Chaplin
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A native of Georgia, Frémont acquired male protectors after his father's death, and became proficient in mathematics, science, and surveying."
}
] |
43AzbF7xzKfiSs9OOn0S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Places and organizations named in commemoration | Other commemorations",
"text": "In 2013, the Georgia Historical Society erected a historical marker at the birthplace of John C. Frémont in Savannah, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, education, and career",
"text": "The couple later settled in Savannah, Georgia, where she gave birth to their son Frémont out of wedlock."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and organizations named in commemoration | Places",
"text": "Fremont County, WyomingCities and towns: Fremont, California (the largest city that bears his name) Fremont, Indiana Fremont, Iowa Fremont, Michigan Fremont, Minnesota and Fremont Township, Minnesota Fremont, Nebraska"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A native of Georgia, Frémont acquired male protectors after his father's death, and became proficient in mathematics, science, and surveying."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, education, and career",
"text": "Between 1837 and 1838, Frémont's desire for exploration increased while in Georgia on reconnaissance to prepare for the removal of Cherokee Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and organizations named in commemoration | Places",
"text": "Fremont, Ohio Fremont, Utah Fremont, Clark County, Wisconsin"
},
{
"section_header": "Places and organizations named in commemoration | Places",
"text": "US counties: Fremont County, Colorado Fremont County, Idaho Fremont County, Iowa"
},
{
"section_header": "Places and organizations named in commemoration | Places",
"text": "Fremont Bridge (Portland, Oregon) Fremont Bridge (Seattle, Washington) Fremont Street ("
},
{
"section_header": "Places and organizations named in commemoration | Places",
"text": "Fremont, Waupaca County, Wisconsin (town) Fremont, Wisconsin, (village; also in Waupaca County)Also: Fremont, Seattle, a neighborhood established by migrants from Fremont, Nebraska."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and organizations named in commemoration | Organizations",
"text": "Fremont High School (Oakland, California) Fremont High School (Sunnyvale, California) ; its annual yearbook is The Pathfinder Fremont-Elizabeth City High School, Elizabeth, South Australia (a sister city of Fremont, California, which also has a Fremont Park) Fremont High School, Fremont, Nebraska Fremont High School, Plain City, Utah South Fremont High School, Saint Anthony, Idaho North Fremont High School, Ashton, Idaho"
}
] |
Fremont was from Georgia.
| 0 | 0 |
John C. Frémont
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Fleurs du mal (French pronunciation: [le flœʁ dy mal]; English: The Flowers of Evil) is a volume of French poetry by Charles Baudelaire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "An episode of the television show The Batman was named \"Fleurs du Mal\" in homage to the poem."
}
] |
43nMg0brXapa6nAOPfcz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "no Hana, as well as its title track, after Les Fleurs du mal."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The intention is to convert the entirety of Les Fleurs du Mal to cantastoria in seven years."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The 2009 manga The 2009 manga Aku no Hana is named after Les Fleurs du mal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Fleurs du mal (French pronunciation: [le flœʁ dy mal]; English: The Flowers of Evil) is a volume of French poetry by Charles Baudelaire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Symphonic metal band Therion released an album named Les Fleurs du Mal in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Henri Dutilleux's Tout un monde lointain... for cello and orchestra (1970) is strongly influenced by Les Fleurs du Mal."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Sopor Aeternus & the Ensemble of Shadows released an album named Les Fleurs du Mal and also an 8 and half minute song too."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The movie Immortal (2004, Dominique Brunner); In the scene on the Eiffel Tower, Jill (Linda Hardy) is reading from the book Les Fleurs Du Mal."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "An episode of the television show The Batman was named \"Fleurs du Mal\" in homage to the poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The initial publication of the book was arranged in six thematically segregated sections: Spleen et Idéal (Spleen and Ideal) Tableaux parisiens (Parisian Scenes) Le Vin (Wine) Fleurs du mal (Flowers of Evil) Révolte (Revolt) La Mort (Death)Baudelaire dedicated the book to the poet Théophile Gautier, describing him as a parfait magicien des lettres françaises (\"a perfect magician of French letters\")."
}
] |
Les Fleurs du mal could be described as a poetic work of art.
| 0 | 0 |
Les Fleurs du Mal
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "By March 1989, Sutter was dealing with a severely torn rotator cuff and he admitted that he would be unlikely to return to baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "The Braves released him that November."
}
] |
441ymCe5AycENVLpcF3W
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Atlanta Braves (1985–1988)",
"text": "He returned to limited action with the Braves in 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "General Manager Bobby Cox said that \"Bruce is not going to retire."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "He retired with exactly 300 saves – at the time, the third-highest total in history, behind Rollie Fingers (341) and Rich \"Goose\" Gossage (302)."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "By March 1989, Sutter was dealing with a severely torn rotator cuff and he admitted that he would be unlikely to return to baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howard Bruce Sutter (; born January 8, 1953) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1976 and 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "We'll put him on the 21-day disabled list, then probably move him to the 60-day DL later on.\" Sutter planned to reevaluate his condition after resting his arm for three to four months."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "His career saves total was an NL record until broken by Lee Smith in 1993; Sutter had set the NL record in 1982 with his 194th save, surpassing the mark held by Roy Face."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Sutter remained in Atlanta with his wife and three sons after retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "\"There's probably a 99.9 percent chance I won't be able to pitch again\", he said."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "We're not going to release him."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "The Braves released him that November."
}
] |
Sutter retired after 1988.
| 0 | 0 |
Bruce Sutter
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | First rifts (1522–1524)",
"text": "The event, which came to be referred to as the Affair of the Sausages, is considered to be the start of the Reformation in Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First rifts (1522–1524)",
"text": "On the first fasting Sunday, 9 March, Zwingli and about a dozen other participants consciously transgressed the fasting rule by cutting and distributing two smoked sausages (the Wurstessen in Christoph Froschauer's workshop)."
}
] |
44YnvYTjsCK9nlbJhWXU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Reformation in the Confederation (1526–1528)",
"text": "Although Zürich's representatives were present, they did not participate in the sessions."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First rifts (1522–1524)",
"text": "They would eventually have four children: Regula, William, Huldrych, and Anna."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1484–1518)",
"text": "Huldrych Zwingli was born on 1 January 1484 in Wildhaus, in the Toggenburg valley of Switzerland, to a family of farmers, the third child of nine."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "-7717-0124-1. Gäbler, Ulrich (1986), Huldrych Zwingli: His Life and Work, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Stephens, W. P. (1986), The Theology of Huldrych Zwingli, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-826677-4."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marburg Colloquy (1529)",
"text": "Other theologians also participated including Martin Bucer, Andreas Osiander, Johannes Brenz, and Justus Jonas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Huldrych Zwingli or Ulrich Zwingli (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marburg Colloquy (1529)",
"text": "The participants were able to agree on fourteen of the articles, but the fifteenth article established the differences in their views on the presence of Christ in the eucharist."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "The repertoire ranges from the early 16th-century spiritual music of Huldrych Zwingli to music of the late 20th century, published under the label \"Musik aus der Zentralbibliothek Zürich\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First rifts (1522–1524)",
"text": "On the first fasting Sunday, 9 March, Zwingli and about a dozen other participants consciously transgressed the fasting rule by cutting and distributing two smoked sausages (the Wurstessen in Christoph Froschauer's workshop)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First rifts (1522–1524)",
"text": "The event, which came to be referred to as the Affair of the Sausages, is considered to be the start of the Reformation in Switzerland."
}
] |
Huldrych Zwingli did not participate in the "Affair of the Sausages".
| 0 | 0 |
Huldrych Zwingli
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2019, Microsoft reached the trillion-dollar market cap, becoming the third U.S. public company to be valued at over $1 trillion after Apple and Amazon respectively."
}
] |
44dGGqF84HXnq9ePDAZU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–2014: Windows 8/8.1, Xbox One, Outlook.com, and Surface devices",
"text": "Microsoft suffered a loss of more than US$32 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Financial",
"text": "Microsoft profits were $5.2 billion, while Apple Inc. profits were $6 billion, on revenues of $14.5 billion and $24.7 billion respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "During the summer of 2015 the company lost $7.6 billion related to its mobile-phone business, firing 7,800 employees."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "On September 15, 2014, Microsoft acquired the video game development company Mojang, best known for Minecraft, for $2.5 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Corporate culture",
"text": "MSDN also offers subscriptions for companies and individuals, and the more expensive subscriptions usually offer access to pre-release beta versions of Microsoft software."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Financial",
"text": "This follows a loss of $2.5 billion for the year 2010.On July 20, 2012, Microsoft posted its first quarterly loss ever, despite earning record revenues for the quarter and fiscal year, with a net loss of $492 million due to a writedown related to the advertising company aQuantive, which had been acquired for $6.2 billion back in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Board of directors",
"text": "There are five committees within the board which oversee more specific matters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2016, it was the world's largest software maker by revenue (currently Alphabet/Google has more revenue)."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Financial",
"text": "Standard & Poor's and Moody's Investors Service have both given a AAA rating to Microsoft, whose assets were valued at $41 billion as compared to only $8.5 billion in unsecured debt."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–2014: Windows 8/8.1, Xbox One, Outlook.com, and Surface devices",
"text": "On June 25, Microsoft paid US$1.2 billion to buy the social network Yammer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2019, Microsoft reached the trillion-dollar market cap, becoming the third U.S. public company to be valued at over $1 trillion after Apple and Amazon respectively."
}
] |
The valuation of the company is more than 1000 billion.
| 1 | 4 |
Microsoft
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr. (April 17, 1820 – July 12, 1892) was a founding member of the New York Knickerbockers Base Ball Club in the 1840s."
}
] |
457EY4RGtwa2tivnoD2X
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Monica Nucciarone credits Cartwright as one of the game's pioneers but not its sole founder."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The 2004 discovery of a newspaper interview with fellow Knickerbocker founder William R. Wheaton cast doubt on Cartwright's role."
},
{
"section_header": "1857 Laws of Base Ball",
"text": "In 2016, experts verified the authenticity of a set of documents titled \"Laws of BaseBall\" written in 1857 by New York Knickerbockers president Daniel \"Doc\" Adams after a discussion with executives of 14 other New York-area clubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr. (April 17, 1820 – July 12, 1892) was a founding member of the New York Knickerbockers Base Ball Club in the 1840s."
}
] |
Daniel Day-Lewis is the founder of the Boston Red Sox.
| 1 | 3 |
Alexander Cartwright
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Jean-Louis Adam was a pianist and teacher but was firmly set against the idea of his son's following in his footsteps."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "When Adam was 17, his father relented and he was permitted to study at the Paris Conservatoire, but only after he promised that he would learn music only as an amusement, not as a career."
}
] |
45vaZ5cOPDVwVxG0fEIC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adolphe Charles Adam (French: [adɔlf adɑ̃]; 24 July 1803 – 3 May 1856) was a French composer and music critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "As a child, Adolphe Adam preferred to improvise music on his own rather than study music seriously and occasionally truanted with writer Eugène Sue who was also something of a dunce in early years."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Jean-Louis Adam was a pianist and teacher but was firmly set against the idea of his son's following in his footsteps."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adolphe Adam was born in Paris, to Jean-Louis Adam (1758–1848), who was a prominent Alsatian composer, as well a professor at the Paris Conservatoire."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "List of operas by Adolphe Adam"
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "List of ballets by Adolphe Adam."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "By age 20, he was writing songs for Paris vaudeville houses and playing in the orchestra at the Gymnasie Dramatique, where he later became chorus master."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adam subsequently crafted a melody for the poem that was translated into English by John Sullivan Dwight (1813 - 1893), a Boston music teacher and music journalist, as well as co-founder of The Harvard Music Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "When Adam was 17, his father relented and he was permitted to study at the Paris Conservatoire, but only after he promised that he would learn music only as an amusement, not as a career."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adam was determined, however and studied and composed secretly under the tutelage of his older friend Ferdinand Hérold, a popular composer of the day."
}
] |
Adolphe Adam followed his father's career choice and became a music composer just like his dad wanted.
| 0 | 0 |
Adolphe Adam
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a population of 24.28 million as of 2019, it is the most populous urban area in China and the second most populous city proper in the world."
}
] |
4667f36R1OzxJf6V99dD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rise and golden age",
"text": "These Shanghai Russians constituted the second-largest foreign community."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a population of 24.28 million as of 2019, it is the most populous urban area in China and the second most populous city proper in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2017, the Chinese government implemented population controls for Shanghai, resulting in a population decline of 10,000 people by the end of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "They lived in a designated area called the Shanghai Ghetto and formed a community centered on the Ohel Moishe Synagogue, which is now the Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Shanghai is officially abbreviated 沪 (Hù/Vu2) in Chinese, a contraction of 沪渎 (Hù Dú/Vu Doh, \"Harpoon Ditch\"), a 4th- or 5th-century Jin name for the mouth of Suzhou Creek when it was the main conduit into the ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "However, this has also caused the city to experience population aging—in 2017, 33.1% (4.8 million) of the city's registered population was aged 60 or above."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Based on the population of its total administrative area, Shanghai is the second largest of the four municipalities of China, behind Chongqing, but is generally considered the largest Chinese city because the urban population of Chongqing is much smaller."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "As of 2019, Shanghai had a total population of 24,281,400, including 14,504,300 (59.7%) hukou holders (registered locally)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Japanese invasion",
"text": "By 1957, there were only one hundred Jews remaining in Shanghai."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Shanghai has a life expectancy of 83.6 years for the city's registered population, the highest life expectancy of all cities in mainland China."
}
] |
Shanghai is the 4th most populated community on Earth.
| 0 | 0 |
Shanghai
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Spin-off series",
"text": "The initial idea for the series came from Parsons, who passed it along to The Big Bang Theory producers."
}
] |
46UYRL9sxnskHn3Mq5f1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "The Big Bang Theory also won the 2016 People's Choice Awards for under Favorite TV Show and Favorite Network TV Comedy with Jim Parsons winning Favorite Comedic TV Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Several of the actors in The Big Bang Theory previously worked together on the sitcom Roseanne, including Johnny Galecki, Sara Gilbert, Laurie Metcalf (who plays Sheldon's mother, Mary Cooper), and Meagen Fay (who plays Bernadette's mother)."
},
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Spin-off series",
"text": "The initial idea for the series came from Parsons, who passed it along to The Big Bang Theory producers."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Jim Parsons as Sheldon Cooper: Originally from Galveston, Texas, Sheldon was a child prodigy with an eidetic memory who began college at the age of eleven, and earned a PhD at age sixteen."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "first and second pilots of The Big Bang Theory were directed by James Burrows, who did not continue with the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Theme song",
"text": "the title as \"Big Bang Theory Theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "August 25, 2014, Jim Parsons was awarded an Emmy for Best Actor in a Comedy Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Canadian ratings",
"text": "The Big Bang Theory has pulled ahead and has now become the most-watched entertainment television show in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Plagiarized series",
"text": "We didn't know it wasn't the case, so when the creators of The Big Bang Theory started talking about the show, I was embarrassed."
},
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Spin-off series",
"text": "Jim Parsons reprises his role as adult Sheldon Cooper, as narrator for the series."
}
] |
The show, The Big Bang Theory, was originally dreamed up by Jim Parsons the actor who plays Sheldon.
| 3 | 5 |
The Big Bang Theory
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Crime",
"text": "Hickock and Smith left the crime scene with a small portable radio, a pair of binoculars, and less than $50 in cash."
}
] |
46c4IK8jlmlT15rBkrqy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Parts of the book differ from the real events, including important details."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "In Cold Blood was first published as a four-part serial in The New Yorker, beginning with the September 25, 1965, issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Capote's book was adapted by Benedict Fitzgerald into the two-part television miniseries In Cold Blood (1996), starring Anthony Edwards as Dick Hickock, Eric Roberts as Perry Smith, and Sam Neill as Alvin Dewey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Capote learned of the quadruple murder before the killers were captured, and he traveled to Kansas to write about the crime."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "In Cold Blood was first published in book form by Random House on January 17, 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Cold Blood was an instant success and is the second-best-selling true crime book in history, behind Vincent Bugliosi's Helter Skelter (1974) about the Charles Manson murders."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research | Veracity",
"text": "Ronald Nye is the son of Kansas Bureau of Investigation Director Harold R. Nye, and he collaborated with author Gary McAvoy in disclosing parts of his father’s personal investigative notebooks to challenge the veracity of In Cold Blood."
},
{
"section_header": "Coverage and public discussion",
"text": "Inspired by that article, Truman Capote wrote, in 1965 serialized in The New Yorker, and in 1966 published as a \"non-fiction novel\", titled In Cold Blood, a true-crime book that detailed the murders and trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research | Veracity",
"text": "I was jealous—all that money?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Cold Blood has been lauded for its eloquent prose, extensive detail, and triple narrative which describes the lives of the murderers, the victims, and other members of the rural community in alternating sequences."
},
{
"section_header": "Crime",
"text": "Hickock and Smith left the crime scene with a small portable radio, a pair of binoculars, and less than $50 in cash."
}
] |
The real life quadruple murder that the book In Cold Blood is based on were part of a robbery that netted the perpetrators pocket money, a walkie-talkie, and some binoculars.
| 0 | 0 |
In Cold Blood
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Edwin Heilmann (August 3, 1894 – July 9, 1951), nicknamed \"Slug\", was an American baseball player and radio announcer."
}
] |
470hjNgr2rtFt7f0BX4W
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Radio career",
"text": "On June 4, 1933, a crowd of more than 20,000 spectators watched Heilmann's return to baseball, as Heilmann had an RBI single in the first inning and made a \"big league catch\" in right field before a thunderstorm forced the cancellation of the game in the second inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His mother, Mary (McVoy) Heilmann, sometimes referred to as Mollie, was born in 1864 in County Roscommon, Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio career",
"text": "Baseball historian Marc Okkonen grew up listening to Heilmann's broadcasts and later recalled Heilmann's tendency to drop the letter \"r\" from the end of words, referring to Hal Newhouser as \"Newhousa\" and Bob Feller as \"Fellah\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Detroit Tigers | 1922 season",
"text": "Heilmann had to have his collarbone rebroken and reset, and it was then discovered that Heilmann had also broken his shoulder."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Heilmann was born in San Francisco in 1894."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Detroit Tigers | 1914 to 1920 seasons",
"text": "In September 1913, Heilmann was drafted by the Detroit Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Heilmann was ill for much of the winter after the 1950 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Heilmann was released from the hospital and returned home in May 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Detroit Tigers | 1921 season",
"text": "On July 8, 1921, Heilmann hit a home run off"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "In March 1931, Heilmann was incapacitated by arthritis in his right wrist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Edwin Heilmann (August 3, 1894 – July 9, 1951), nicknamed \"Slug\", was an American baseball player and radio announcer."
}
] |
Heilmann was referred to as "Snail" in MLB.
| 1 | 4 |
Harry Heilmann
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "In one scene, an officer gives a salute without wearing his military beret, which a veteran pointed out as inaccurate protocol."
}
] |
47MEh2HEQ6nW8HgtrHso
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Their teenage hand George impulsively joins them."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "According to D'Arcy and Nolan, Winnant and Bolton act as a Greek chorus to give the audience context."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "He was also adamant that all of the cast be British."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "He won the role after auditioning against hundreds of candidates, when Nolan was unaware of his renown as a singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Gibson reveals he is French; he stole the identity of the dead British soldier he buried, hoping to be evacuated with the British."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "To minimise the need for computer-generated imagery (CGI), cardboard cut-out props of soldiers and military vehicles created the illusion of a large army."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "In one scene, an officer gives a salute without wearing his military beret, which a veteran pointed out as inaccurate protocol."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "British officers did initially refuse to evacuate French soldiers, although Churchill later insisted that the French be evacuated alongside the British."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "These included the retired French Navy destroyer Maillé-Brézé, which was made to look like a 1940 British warship as there were no wartime British destroyers left with working engines."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "His character was named after the slang term for the ordinary British soldier."
}
] |
Giving a respectful hand to the brow gesture with one's hat off was quite against British army rules.
| 2 | 4 |
Dunkirk (2017 film)
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water."
}
] |
48D3HblifP4Y59rwHvn6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With more than 7,000, Pakistan has more glaciers than anywhere except the polar regions."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Ogives",
"text": "They are linked to seasonal motion of glaciers; the width of one dark and one light band generally equals the annual movement of the glacier."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "In glaciated areas where the glacier moves faster than one km per year, glacial earthquakes occur."
},
{
"section_header": "Glacial geology | Drumlins",
"text": "One of these fields is found east of Rochester, New York; it is estimated to contain about 10,000 drumlins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water."
},
{
"section_header": "Glacial geology | Glacial deposits",
"text": "Others are produced by fans or deltas created by meltwater."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This is because water molecules absorb other colors more efficiently than blue."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glaciers cover about 10% of Earth's land surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Glacial geology",
"text": "Material that becomes incorporated in a glacier is typically carried as far as the zone of ablation before being deposited."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation",
"text": "Glacier ice is slightly more dense than ice formed from frozen water because glacier ice contains fewer trapped air bubbles."
}
] |
Glaciers can be on land or on water and Pakistan has more than any other region outside of the poles.
| 0 | 2 |
Glacier
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His niche of mixing jazz and vaudeville won him acclaim during a career that spanned over 65 years."
}
] |
48RGnBuMtWieKJnYw9cF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "In 1930, The Missourians became known as Cab Calloway and His Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Calloway had several hit records in the 1930s and 1940s, becoming known as the \"Hi-de-ho\" man of jazz for his most famous song, \"Minnie the Moocher\", originally recorded in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "As a result of the success of \"Minnie the Moocher\", Calloway became identified with its chorus, gaining the nickname \"The Hi De Ho Man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cabell \"Cab\" Calloway III (December 25, 1907 – November 18, 1994) was an American jazz singer, dancer, bandleader and actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1961–1993: Later years",
"text": "That year he made a cameo in Janet Jackson's music video \" Alright.\" He continued to perform at Jazz festivals, including the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival and Greenwood Jazz."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Music critics have written of his influence on later generations of entertainers such as James Brown, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, as well as modern-day hip-hop performers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was associated with the Cotton Club in Harlem, New York City, where he was a regular performer and became a popular vocalist of the swing era."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Despite his parents' and teachers' disapproval of jazz, he began performing in nightclubs in Baltimore."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography | Albums",
"text": "Gone Records) 1959: Hi De Hi De Ho (RCA Victor) 1962"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Awards and honors",
"text": "Calloway received the following accolades: 1967: Best Performance, Outer Critics Circle Awards (Hello, Dolly) 1987: Inducted into Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame 1990: Beacons in Jazz Award, The New School"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His niche of mixing jazz and vaudeville won him acclaim during a career that spanned over 65 years."
}
] |
Calloway III became well known for his mixture of jazz music and theater performances.
| 1 | 5 |
Cab Calloway
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "In this way, Cooper was interested in the American progress narrative when more colonists were increasing pressure on Native Americans, which they, and Cooper, would then view as \"natural\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "This allowed settlers to view themselves as the original people of the land and reinforced their belief in European ethnic and racial superiority through, among other beliefs, the tenets of scientific racism."
}
] |
48VB7Pc76reXtd0N1VoS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 is a historical novel written by James Fenimore Cooper in 1826."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Especially in the East, as Native Peoples’ land was stolen and settled on in the name of U.S. expansion and Jeffersonian agrarianism, the narrative that many Native Peoples were “vanishing” was prevalent in both novels like Cooper's and local newspapers."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "In this way, Cooper was interested in the American progress narrative when more colonists were increasing pressure on Native Americans, which they, and Cooper, would then view as \"natural\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"Over time the book grew to be regarded by some as the first Great American Novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "But, he wrote that in general, \"the book must needs have some interest for the reader since it could amuse even the writer, who had in a great measure forgotten the details of his work.\" The Last of the Mohicans has been James Fenimore Cooper's most popular work."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans a 1911 version starring James Cruze directed by Theodore Marston,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been adapted numerous times and in many languages for films, TV movies, and cartoons."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "It has influenced popular opinion about American Indians and the frontier period of eastern American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These characters are sometimes seen as a microcosm of the budding American society, particularly with regard to their racial composition."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "This allowed settlers to view themselves as the original people of the land and reinforced their belief in European ethnic and racial superiority through, among other beliefs, the tenets of scientific racism."
}
] |
Author of The Last of the Mohicans, James Fenimore Cooper, and many people of the time period, considered Americans taking over Native People's lands a reasonable progression of society.
| 0 | 2 |
The Last of the Mohicans
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Arthur Charles Kerr Trimmer, a World War I veteran who lost a leg at the Battle of the Somme and later became a naval architect and civil engineer."
}
] |
48v01V9oBvQUKd1oIhZ1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Film career",
"text": "According to Powell, his affair with Kerr ended when she made it clear to him that she would accept an offer to go to Hollywood if one were made."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Arthur Charles Kerr Trimmer, a World War I veteran who lost a leg at the Battle of the Somme and later became a naval architect and civil engineer."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "When asked about this revelation, Kerr's response was, \"What a gallant man he is.\" Deborah Kerr died aged 86 on 16 October 2007 at Botesdale, a village in the county of Suffolk, England, from the effects of Parkinson's disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr. Deborah Kerr. A Biography. McFarland, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film career",
"text": "Thereafter, Kerr's career choices would make her known in Hollywood for her versatility as an actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr: Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author, (c) Penelope Andrew, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kerr's first marriage was to Squadron Leader Anthony Bartley RAF on 29 November 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Theatre career",
"text": "Kerr's first stage appearance was at Weston-super-Mare in 1937, as \"Harlequin\" in the mime play Harlequin and Columbine."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr. British Film Institute, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author\"."
}
] |
Deborah Kerr's father only had one leg.
| 0 | 0 |
Deborah Kerr
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Often described as the \"best actress of her generation\", Streep is particularly known for her versatility and accents."
}
] |
48zEmJeOHnD00KwfbOjn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nominated for a record 21 Academy Awards, she has won three."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "Streep received her 31st Golden Globe nomination and 21st Academy Award nomination for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s: Theater and film debut",
"text": "The film's success exposed Streep to a wider audience and earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s: Rise to stardom",
"text": "It also earned Streep another Academy Award nomination for Best Actress, and the film ultimately won Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "She won the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in a Comedy, and received Academy Award, Golden Globe, SAG, and BAFTA nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Streep received nominations for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "She was subsequently nominated for another Golden Globe, SAG, and Academy Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "Though the film was dismissed by some critics such as Mark Kermode as \"irritating naffness\", Streep's performance earned her Academy Award, Golden Globe, SAG, and Critic's Choice Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "The film received five Academy Awards nominations, for its four lead actors and for Shanley's script."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s: Theater and film debut",
"text": "She received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Often described as the \"best actress of her generation\", Streep is particularly known for her versatility and accents."
}
] |
Meryl Streep is often described as the "best actress of her generation", and nominated for a record 21 Academy Awards.
| 0 | 0 |
Meryl Streep
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Skyfall is a 2012 spy film and the twenty-third in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions."
}
] |
4916uOCRf1jKERxoaBME
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, and John Logan, and features the theme song \"Skyfall\", written and performed by Adele."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "A number of reviewers praised Daniel Craig in Skyfall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Skyfall is a 2012 spy film and the twenty-third in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mendes was approached to direct after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "A number of critics noted the strength of the supporting cast; Kim Newman found the \"warmth and gravitas\" of Finney's performance noteworthy, while other reviewers, including Edward Porter, Daniel Krupa and The Playlist's Oliver Lyttelton, singled out Ralph Fiennes as Mallory and Ben Whishaw as Q.Ann Hornaday, writing for The Washington Post, thought Sam Mendes had reinvigorated the series, with Skyfall being \"sleek, crisp, classy ... exhibiting just the right proportion of respect for legacy and embrace of novelty\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production | Crew",
"text": "Mendes denied this as \"just not true\", insisting that Morgan's approach had been discarded once he had agreed to direct."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production | Crew",
"text": "He was at first hesitant, as the job had little appeal to him, but he did not reject the offer immediately because of Craig's involvement and enthusiasm; Mendes described Craig's casting and performance in Casino Royale as being what he felt the Bond franchise needed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The next film in the series, Spectre, was released in November 2015, with Craig reprising his role and Mendes returning to direct."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \"Sam Mendes brings Bond surging back with a smart, sexy, riveting action thriller that qualifies as one of the best 007 films to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "Henry K. Miller of Sight & Sound agreed, and praised Mendes, who he thought was worthy of directing more Bond films."
}
] |
Skyfall is a spy movie directed by Sam Mendes that is number 23rd main character's franchise.
| 3 | 4 |
Skyfall
|
History
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Garfield entered politics as a Republican in 1857."
}
] |
496Y9B8r1Oqn1H89Iftk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidential election of 1880 | Republican nomination",
"text": "Even before the convention began, however, a few Republicans, including Wharton Barker of Philadelphia, thought Garfield the best choice for the nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential election of 1880 | Republican nomination",
"text": "In the next round of voting, nearly all the Sherman and Blaine delegates shifted their support to Garfield, giving him 399 votes and the Republican nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential election of 1880 | Republican nomination",
"text": "Having just been elected to the Senate with Sherman's support, Garfield entered the 1880 campaign season committed to Sherman as his choice for the Republican presidential nominee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Garfield entered politics as a Republican in 1857."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential election of 1880 | Republican nomination",
"text": "During this period, the Republican Party was split into two factions: The Stalwarts, who supported the existing federal government patronage system; and the Half-Breeds, who supported civil service reform."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Minority leader; Hayes administration",
"text": "The Democratic leadership in the House appointed Garfield as a Republican member of Ways and Means."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Guiteau and shooting",
"text": "He composed a speech, \"Garfield vs. Hancock\", and got it printed by the Republican National Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential election of 1880 | Republican nomination",
"text": "Garfield gained 50 votes on the 35th ballot, and the stampede began."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 1880 Republican National Convention, delegates chose Garfield, who had not sought the White House, as a compromise presidential nominee on the 36th ballot."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Tariffs and finance",
"text": "Garfield was not at all enthused about President Grant's reelection in 1872—until Greeley, who emerged as the candidate of the Democrats and Liberal Republicans, became the only serious alternative."
}
] |
Garfield was a Republican.
| 4 | 8 |
James A. Garfield
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Operetta and grand shows",
"text": "She was so enchanted by the faithful recreation of the ceremony for the return of the troops from Italy that she could not stop herself from calling out \"Long Live the Empress!\" 27 February 1915: the Moulin Rouge was destroyed by fire."
}
] |
49HKlWEbTrKkfDipiHEs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Creation and early success",
"text": "Nicknamed \"The First Palace of Women\" by Oller and Zidler, the cabaret quickly became a great success."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Operetta and grand shows",
"text": "A peerless businesswoman, she first listened carefully then captivated."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Renewal",
"text": "23 December 1999: first showing of the new revue Féerie."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Greatest moments",
"text": "the champagne's on you!\". 1891: La Goulue: Toulouse-Lautrec's first poster for the Moulin Rouge."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Operetta and grand shows",
"text": "Until the First World War, the Moulin Rouge became a real temple of operetta."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Renewal",
"text": "It is the start of a new era: Enlargement of the auditorium, installation of a giant aquarium, and the first aquatic ballet"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Operetta and grand shows",
"text": "29 July 1907: first appearance of Mistinguett on stage at the Moulin Rouge in the Revue de la Femme."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Greatest moments",
"text": "12 November 1897: The Moulin Rouge closed its doors for the first time for the funeral of its manager and cofounder, Charles Zidler."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Operetta and grand shows",
"text": "First aperitif concert, where the elite of the fashionable world met for dinner and a show in a setting more beautiful and comfortable than any that existed elsewhere."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Operetta and grand shows",
"text": "\"Montmartres\" sprang up. January 1903: the Moulin Rouge reopened after renovation and improvement work carried out by Édouard Niermans, the most \"Parisian\" architect of the Belle Époque (amongst other works he designed the brasserie Mollard, the Casino de Paris, the Folies Bergère in Paris, the Palace Hôtel in Ostend in Belgium, the rebuilding of the Hôtel du Palais in Biarritz, and the creation of the Hotel Negresco on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Operetta and grand shows",
"text": "She was so enchanted by the faithful recreation of the ceremony for the return of the troops from Italy that she could not stop herself from calling out \"Long Live the Empress!\" 27 February 1915: the Moulin Rouge was destroyed by fire."
}
] |
The first location bearing this name went up in flames in the early 1900's.
| 1 | 4 |
Moulin Rouge
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the United States, Uber had a 67% market share for ride-sharing in early 2019 and a 24% market share for food delivery in 2018."
}
] |
49UxIb6sOH10LR1SLNEb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Self-driving car research",
"text": "The company is going to resume testing in San Francisco, where its main office is based."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company is based in San Francisco and has operations in over 785 metropolitan areas worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Increased traffic congestion",
"text": "Ridesharing companies have been criticized for increasing traffic congestion in New York City and San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Uber Rent, powered by Getaround, was a peer-to-peer carsharing service available to some users in San Francisco between May 2018 and November 2018.In March 2019, Uber proposed the idea of acquiring Careem, a transportation network company based in Dubai for $3.1 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Service options | Offered",
"text": "Bike is a dockless bicycle-sharing system that allows users to rent electric bicycles via Uber subsidiary Jump Bikes in nine metropolitan areas in the United States including San Francisco and Washington,"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Graves became the company's chief operating officer (COO).In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after receiving complaints from San Francisco taxi operators."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Dynamic pricing",
"text": "Ridesharing companies use dynamic pricing models; prices for the same route vary based on the supply and demand for rides at the time the ride is requested."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In August 2014, Uber launched UberPOOL, a carpooling service in the San Francisco Bay Area."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the United States, Uber had a 67% market share for ride-sharing in early 2019 and a 24% market share for food delivery in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Service options | Promotional limited services",
"text": "Uber has also operated promotional limited services, such as rides of up to 15 minutes each on September 6–8, 2013 in San Francisco in the DeLorean that was featured in the Back to the Future film franchise."
}
] |
Uber is the second largest ride share company and is based in San Francisco.
| 0 | 0 |
Uber
|
History
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "An hour after the meeting began as scheduled at 18:30, Colonel Dyer arrived at the Bagh with a group of ninety soldiers from the Gurkha Rifles, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Sind Rifles ."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919, when Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, killing at least 379 people and injuring over 1,000 other people."
}
] |
49bVSTp6SthYEqyfcgk1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "By mid-afternoon, thousands of Indians had gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh (garden) near the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "The Jallianwala Bagh was surrounded on all sides by houses and buildings and had only five narrow entrances, most kept permanently locked."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Assassination of Michael O'Dwyer",
"text": "Much of the press worldwide recalled the story of Jallianwala Bagh, and alleged O'Dwyer to have been responsible for the massacre."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "The city police closed the fair at 14:00 that afternoon, resulting in a large number of people drifting into the Jallianwala Bagh."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "Meanwhile, local police had received intelligence of the planned meeting in the Jallianwala Bagh through word of mouth and plainclothes detectives in the crowds."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "The proclamation was read and explained in English, Urdu, Hindi, and Punjabi, but few paid it any heed or appear to have learned of it later."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919, when Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, killing at least 379 people and injuring over 1,000 other people."
},
{
"section_header": "Before the massacre",
"text": "A military picket shot at the crowd, killing several protesters and setting off a series of violent events."
},
{
"section_header": "Monument and legacy | Regret",
"text": "On 14 October 1997, Queen Elizabeth II visited Jallianwala Bagh and paid her respects with a 30‑second moment of silence."
},
{
"section_header": "Monument and legacy | Controversies",
"text": "Indian journalist Praveen Swami wrote in the Frontline magazine: \"(The fact that)... this was the solitary comment Prince Philip had to offer after his visit to Jallianwala Bagh... (and that) it was the only aspect of the massacre that exercised his imagination, caused offence."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "An hour after the meeting began as scheduled at 18:30, Colonel Dyer arrived at the Bagh with a group of ninety soldiers from the Gurkha Rifles, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Sind Rifles ."
}
] |
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre involved only a few dozen military personnel.
| 2 | 9 |
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "In 1911, at age 16, some of Orff's music was published."
}
] |
49rs8EbQm3Lq2bIaVnEK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "At age five, Orff began to play piano, organ, and cello, and composed a few songs and music for puppet plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "In 1911, at age 16, some of Orff's music was published."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "Orff died of cancer in Munich in 1982 at the age of 86."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Carl Orff was born in Munich on 10 July 1895, the son of Paula (Köstler) and Heinrich Orff."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | The 1920s",
"text": "In 1930, Orff published a manual titled Schulwerk, in which he shares his method of conducting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Orff (German: [ˈɔɐ̯f]; (1895-07-10)10 July 1895 – (1982-03-29)29 March 1982) was a German composer and music educator, best known for his cantata Carmina Burana (1937)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Musical works",
"text": "In this highly personal work, Orff presented a mystery play, sung in Greek, German, and Latin, in which he summarized his view of the end of time."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nazi era",
"text": "Defenders of Orff note that he had already composed music for this play as early as 1917 and 1927, long before this was a favor for the Nazi regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nazi era",
"text": "Orff's letter was published in that collection the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Pedagogic works",
"text": "The music is elemental and combines movement, singing, playing, and improvisation."
}
] |
Carl Orff began playing music at a young age and was published by the age of twelve.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Orff
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe was nicknamed \"Sir Timothy\" because of his gentlemanly behavior on and off the field."
}
] |
49v1W1pCFblDv9c5PEz3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Timothy John Keefe (January 1, 1857 – April 23, 1933), nicknamed \"Smiling Tim\" and \"Sir Timothy\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When Tim Keefe was a child, Patrick served in the Union Army during the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "All four of Patrick's brothers were killed in the war; Tim had been named after two of them."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe was nicknamed \"Sir Timothy\" because of his gentlemanly behavior on and off the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Keefe also worked as an umpire for a total of 243 major league games; his most active year was 1895, when he umpired 129 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe and Becannon manufactured the Keefe ball, the official baseball of the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He immediately established himself as a talented pitcher, posting an astounding 0.86 ERA in 105 innings pitched, a record that still stands. (He also posted the best Adjusted ERA+ in baseball history in 1880.) Despite the sterling ERA, he managed but a 6–6 record, pitching in 12 games, all complete games."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Keefe was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964 after being elected by the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Late in his playing career, Keefe began to coach college baseball and he continued in this capacity after his retirement as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He won 19 consecutive games that season, a record that stood for 24 years."
}
] |
Tim Keefe was given the nickname Smiling Tim because he always acted so polite to his fellow baseball peers and to people he would come across outside of the game.
| 3 | 3 |
Tim Keefe
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "At age eight, he entered the local cathedral school, starting in the fifth grade, distinguishing himself in physics and mathematics, and graduating as the youngest and most able student in 1876."
}
] |
4AKWZ4JhLVxyzr2GbPW9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "At age eight, he entered the local cathedral school, starting in the fifth grade, distinguishing himself in physics and mathematics, and graduating as the youngest and most able student in 1876."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1901 Arrhenius was elected to the Swedish Academy of Sciences, against strong opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arrhenius's contributions to science are memorialized by the Arrhenius equation, Arrhenius acid, lunar crater Arrhenius, Martian crater Arrhenius, the mountain of Arrheniusfjellet, and the Arrhenius Labs at Stockholm University."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Svante Arrhenius, 1896b, On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground, London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science (fifth series), April 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Abstract of the proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science, 58, 25–58."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Society memberships",
"text": "he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ionic disassociation",
"text": "The dissertation did not impress the professors at Uppsala, but Arrhenius sent it to a number of scientists in Europe who were developing the new science of physical chemistry, such as Rudolf Clausius, Wilhelm Ostwald, and J. H. van 't Hoff."
},
{
"section_header": "Greenhouse effect",
"text": "This conclusion has been extensively tested, winning a place at the core of modern climate science."
}
] |
Arrhenius graduated with no honors and struggled with math and science.
| 1 | 3 |
Svante Arrhenius
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Toy Story 3 had its worldwide premiere on June 12, 2010, opening at Taormina Film Fest in Italy."
}
] |
4AMd1QDz8GRLisr4U0Df
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "El Capitan also hosted on June 17, 2010, a Toy Story marathon, showing for the first time all three Toy Story films together."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Toy Story 3 was the first animated film to gross over $1 billion worldwide in ticket sales, becoming the highest-grossing film of 2010—both in North America and worldwide—and the fourth-highest-grossing film at the time of its release, as well as the highest-grossing animated film of all time, It is one of the most expensive films of all time and Pixar's highest-grossing film,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Toy Story 3 was the first film to be released theatrically with Dolby Surround 7.1 sound."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "My Neighbour Totoro (1988). Totoro makes a cameo appearance in Toy Story 3.Dolby Laboratories announced that Toy Story 3 would be the first film to feature theatrical 7.1 surround sound."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "This makes Toy Story 3 not only the first animated sequel in history to be nominated for Best Picture, but also just the third animated film to ever be so nominated (following Beauty and the Beast and Up), with Toy Story 3 becoming the second Pixar film to be nominated for both awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" In USA Today, Claudia Puig gave the film a complete 4-star rating, writing \"This installment, the best of the three, is everything a movie should be: hilarious, touching, exciting, and clever.\" Lou Lumenick of the New York Post wrote \"Toy Story 3 (which is pointlessly being shown in 3-D at most locations) may not be a masterpiece, but it still had me in tears at the end."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Toy Story 3 also became the first-ever Pixar film—and the first animated feature film since Shrek—to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, though six of Pixar's previous films were nominated for the Best Original Screenplay: Toy Story, Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E, and Up."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Instead of sending Tom Hanks, Tim Allen and John Ratzenberger scripts for their consideration in reprising their roles, a complete story reel of the film was shown to the actors in a theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "Toy Story 3 was promoted with airings of the first and second film on several channels in the weeks preceding the film's release, including Disney Channel, Disney XD, and ABC Family."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "On its first weekend, Toy Story 3 topped the worldwide box office with $145.3 million ($153.7 million with weekday previews), the ninth-largest opening weekend worldwide for an animated feature."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Toy Story 3 had its worldwide premiere on June 12, 2010, opening at Taormina Film Fest in Italy."
}
] |
Toy Story 3 was shown for the first time in Europe.
| 0 | 0 |
Toy Story 3
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The fan club is known as \"Het Oranje Legioen\"."
}
] |
4AQqweTErfkWdBvX0IO6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Players | Recent call-ups",
"text": "The following players have been called up for the team in the last 12 months."
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Kits and crest",
"text": "The Netherlands national football team famously plays in bright orange shirts."
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Media coverage",
"text": "The Netherlands national football team matches have broadcast on Nederlandse Omroep Stichting which includes all friendlies, Nation League and World Cup qualifiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Netherlands national football team (Dutch: Het Nederlands Elftal) has represented the Netherlands in international football matches since 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The national team is controlled by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB), which is a part of UEFA, and under the jurisdiction of FIFA the governing body for football in the Netherlands."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Golden generations: 1996–2014",
"text": "The national team finished second place in their qualifying group for the 2004 Euros."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Total Football in the 1970s",
"text": "During the 1970s, Total Football (Dutch: Totaalvoetbal) was invented, pioneered by Ajax and led by playmaker Johan Cruyff and national team head coach Rinus Michels."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The fan club is known as \"Het Oranje Legioen\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitive record | FIFA World Cup",
"text": "In 2006, the Netherlands made it to the round of 16 where, in what was called the \"Battle of Nuremberg\" they lost by a single goal to Portugal."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Total Football in the 1970s",
"text": "\"In 1974, the Netherlands beat both Brazil and Argentina in the second group stage, reaching the final for the first time in their history."
}
] |
The Netherlands national football team fan group is called "Holland Royals".
| 4 | 6 |
Netherlands national football team
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He managed the Cardinals (1933–1938), Pittsburgh Pirates (1940–1946) and Chicago Cubs (1949–1951)."
}
] |
4AnyDK90RC2JaHd1PtqC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Frankie Frisch was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "After his retirement as an active player, Frisch continued to manage the Cardinals, but was never able to capture another pennant."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Frisch became player-manager of the Cardinals in 1933, and was named to the NL's first three All-Star teams from 1933-35."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frank Francis Frisch (September 9, 1898—March 12, 1973), nicknamed \"The Fordham Flash\" or \"The Old Flash\", was an American Major League Baseball player and manager of the first half of the twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball career and death",
"text": "A number of years after Frisch left the playing field as a manager, he became a member of the Hall of Fame's Committee on Baseball Veterans, which is responsible for electing players to the Hall of Fame who had not been elected during their initial period of eligibility by the Baseball Writers; he later became chairman of the committee."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "After no players had been selected by the writers in the previous two years (the only elections since 1942), the rules were revised to limit eligibility to those players who had retired after 1921; Frisch was among the first four players to benefit from the more reasonable field of candidates."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Manager John McGraw was so impressed by Frisch that he soon named him team captain, giving him advice in base-running and hitting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He managed the Cardinals (1933–1938), Pittsburgh Pirates (1940–1946) and Chicago Cubs (1949–1951)."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Frisch's career ledger as a manager shows a 1,138–1,078 (.514) mark, including the pennant in 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "In 1934, he managed the Cardinals to another seven-game World Series victory—this time over the Detroit Tigers."
}
] |
Frankie Frisch was a player and manager for the Dodgers.
| 0 | 0 |
Frankie Frisch
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "Peter is an exaggerated stereotype of a boastful and careless boy."
}
] |
4ArlVoYX31XD0ojgX1tz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Barrie returned to the character of Peter Pan as the centre of his stage play entitled Peter Pan, or The Boy"
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Peter Pan first appeared as a character in Barrie's The Little White Bird (1902), an adult novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "J. M. Barrie may have based the character of Peter Pan on his older brother, David, who died in an ice-skating accident the day before his 14th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "He is described as a \"betwixt-and-between\" a boy and a bird."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "His mother and brother thought of him as forever a boy."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications | Original works",
"text": "Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (1904 play), a play in which Peter brings Wendy and her brothers to Neverland, where he has a showdown with his nemesis, Captain Hook."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications | Original works",
"text": "Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens (1906), an origin story wherein the infant Peter flies away from his home, takes up residence in Kensington Gardens, and befriends the fairies."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationships | Friends | Neverland inhabitants | The Lost Boys",
"text": "In Barrie's novel Peter and Wendy (but not the original play Peter Pan), it is stated that Peter \"thins them out\" when they start to grow up."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Motion pictures, manga/anime, games, and comics",
"text": "Since their 1953 animated film, Walt Disney has continued to use Peter Pan as a character."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "In the play and book, Peter symbolises the selfishness of childhood, and is portrayed as being forgetful and self-centred."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "Peter is an exaggerated stereotype of a boastful and careless boy."
}
] |
Peter Pan is often portrayed as prideful and cavalier, but the original character was written as a shy and considerate boy.
| 2 | 2 |
Peter Pan
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Historians and scholars have ranked Taylor in the bottom quartile of U.S. presidents, owing in part to his short term of office (16 months), and he has been described as \"more a forgettable president than a failed one.\" Zachary Taylor was born on November 24, 1784, on a plantation in Orange County, Virginia, to a prominent family of planters of English ancestry."
}
] |
4B4b5KiXI91LBz72h2oc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "The SS Zachary Taylor, a World War II Liberty ship Zachary Taylor Parkway in Louisiana and Zachary Taylor Hall at Southeastern Louisiana University"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Historians and scholars have ranked Taylor in the bottom quartile of U.S. presidents, owing in part to his short term of office (16 months), and he has been described as \"more a forgettable president than a failed one.\" Zachary Taylor was born on November 24, 1784, on a plantation in Orange County, Virginia, to a prominent family of planters of English ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "Zachary Taylor Highway in Virginia"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "Taylor, MichiganPresident Taylor was also the namesake for architect Zachary Taylor Davis."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "The cemetery property has been designated as the Zachary Taylor National Cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "After Washington, Jefferson, Jackson and Lincoln, Zachary Taylor was the fifth American president to appear on US postage."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "He is the namesake for several entities and places around the United States, including: Camp Taylor in Kentucky and Fort Zachary Taylor in Florida"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "The US Post Office released the first postage stamp issue honoring Zachary Taylor on June 21, 1875, 25 years after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was the 12th president of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "Taylor County, Georgia Taylor County, Iowa"
}
] |
Zachary Taylor had English roots.
| 0 | 0 |
Zachary Taylor
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The Police disbanded in 1986, but reunited in early 2007 for a one-off world tour that ended in August 2008."
}
] |
4CEw7pi4GIJR3S0P9LtA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Police were an English rock band formed in London in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "While still maintaining the main band and attempting to win over punk audiences, Police members continued to moonlight within the art rock scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The Police disbanded in 1986, but reunited in early 2007 for a one-off world tour that ended in August 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the Police number 70 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, and in 2010, the band were ranked 40th on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2008: Reunion tour",
"text": "On 22 January 2007, the punk wave magazine Side-Line broke the story the Police would reunite for the Grammys, and would perform \"Roxanne\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame",
"text": "The Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 10 March 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2008: Reunion tour",
"text": "In early 2007, reports surfaced the trio would reunite for a tour to mark the Police's 30th anniversary, more than 20 years since their split in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2008: Reunion tour",
"text": "\" The final show of the tour was on 7 August 2008 at Madison Square Garden in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1983: Synchronicity and \"The Biggest Band in the World\"",
"text": "Near the end of the concert, Sting announced: \"We'd like to thank the Beatles for lending us their stadium.\" Looking back, Copeland states, \"Playing Shea Stadium was big because, even though I'm a septic tank (rhyming slang for 'Yank'), The Police is an English band"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1983: Synchronicity and \"The Biggest Band in the World\"",
"text": "By that time, several critics deemed them \"the biggest rock band in the world\"."
}
] |
Members of the English rock band, The Police, reunited for a final tour in 2010.
| 0 | 0 |
The Police
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "By March 1989, Sutter was dealing with a severely torn rotator cuff and he admitted that he would be unlikely to return to baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "He retired with exactly 300 saves – at the time, the third-highest total in history, behind Rollie Fingers (341) and Rich \"Goose\" Gossage (302)."
}
] |
4Cfm9YleUdhEtQH7Pp8H
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "General Manager Bobby Cox said that \"Bruce is not going to retire."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "By March 1989, Sutter was dealing with a severely torn rotator cuff and he admitted that he would be unlikely to return to baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howard Bruce Sutter (; born January 8, 1953) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1976 and 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "Finally, he wrote that Sutter's candidacy was hurt because his career was cut short by injuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Atlanta Braves (1985–1988)",
"text": "\"To me, Bruce is the best there ever was\", Herzog said."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "He retired with exactly 300 saves – at the time, the third-highest total in history, behind Rollie Fingers (341) and Rich \"Goose\" Gossage (302)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bruce was the fifth child of six."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "Sutter appeared on his thirteenth Baseball Hall of Fame ballot in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sutter was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006, his 13th year of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "We'll put him on the 21-day disabled list, then probably move him to the 60-day DL later on.\" Sutter planned to reevaluate his condition after resting his arm for three to four months."
}
] |
Bruce Sutter retired from baseball as a result of an injury.
| 0 | 0 |
Bruce Sutter
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.