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Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Doctor Zhivago (Italian: Il dottor Živago) is a 1965 epic romantic drama film directed by David Lean with a screenplay by Robert Bolt."
}
] |
2uZfBxPSmaFDItLnXNGt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The supporting cast includes Geraldine Chaplin, Rod Steiger, Alec Guinness, Tom Courtenay, Ralph Richardson, Siobhán McKenna and Rita Tushingham."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in Russia between the years prior to World War I and the Russian Civil War of 1918–1922, and is based on the 1957 Boris Pasternak novel Doctor Zhivago."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\" The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: \"The best one can say of Doctor Zhivago is that it is an honest failure."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part one",
"text": "Yuri Zhivago is drafted and becomes a battlefield doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Because the book was banned in the Soviet Union, it could not be filmed there."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "On 24 September 2002, the 35th Anniversary version of Doctor Zhivago was issued on DVD (two-disc set), and another Anniversary Edition in 2010 on Blu-ray (a three-disc set that includes a book)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part one",
"text": "Although devastated by Lara's ill relations with Komarovsky, Pasha marries her, and they have a daughter named Katya."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The whole point of the book was that even though Zhivago disapproved of the course the revolution took, he had approved of it in principle."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The film presently holds a score of 83% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 47 reviews, with an average grade of 7.53/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part one",
"text": "A narrative framing device, set in the late 1940s or early 1950s, involves KGB Lieutenant General Yevgraf Andreyevich Zhivago searching for the daughter of his half brother, Doctor Yuri Andreyevich Zhivago, and Larissa (\"Lara\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Doctor Zhivago (Italian: Il dottor Živago) is a 1965 epic romantic drama film directed by David Lean with a screenplay by Robert Bolt."
}
] |
Doctor Zhivago is a film based on a book of the same name and is a comedy by Geraldine Chaplin.
| 0 | 0 |
Doctor Zhivago (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Upon the death of Olivia de Havilland in July 2020 she became the oldest living Best Actress Academy Award winner."
}
] |
2vEsF4cUXnAZch3U5XW7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward (born February 27, 1930) is an American actress, producer, and philanthropist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Upon the death of Olivia de Havilland in July 2020 she became the oldest living Best Actress Academy Award winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Woodward was a co-producer of Blind Spot, a drama about drug addiction, for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress –"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Joanne\". Attending the premiere of Gone with the Wind in Atlanta,"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Relationship with Paul Newman",
"text": "Woodward starred in The Long, Hot Summer (1958) directed by Ritt and produced by Wald, based on a novel by William Faulkner."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film stardom",
"text": "This was a commercial and critical success, and Woodward won the Best Actress Oscar."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward was born on February 27, 1930, in Thomasville, Georgia, the daughter of Elinor (née Trimmier) and Wade Woodward, Jr., who was vice president of publishing company Charles Scribner's Sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "In 1958, Woodward won the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Three Faces of Eve."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On March 28 of the same year, Woodward won the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Three Faces of Eve."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Woodward won two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Mini-Series or TV Movie: for See"
}
] |
American actress and producer Joanne Woodward died in 2020.
| 0 | 0 |
Joanne Woodward
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Conlan was born in Chicago. He was one of nine children."
}
] |
2vTUWbjsnnLn0ohSynCJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He attended De La Salle Institute in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Argument with Leo Durocher",
"text": "But I admired him for his courage as a player and an official.\" Jocko Conlan and manager Leo Durocher were both known as colorful characters, and sometimes they would clash."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Bertrand \"Jocko\" Conlan (December 6, 1899 – April 16, 1989) was an American baseball umpire who worked in the National League (NL) from 1941 to 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "Conlan is prominent in many of these stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "He managed Conlan with the Toledo Mud Hens and described a time when Conlan broke his leg sliding into third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1935, however, Conlan was presented with an unusual opportunity."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Conlan was asked to fill in, and took to it well."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Conlan was born in Chicago. He was one of nine children."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Conlan retired to Arizona, where he enjoyed playing golf."
},
{
"section_header": "Argument with Leo Durocher",
"text": "As Conlan was wearing shin guards, he was not injured by Durocher's kicks."
}
] |
Jocko Conlan is from Des Moines, Iowa.
| 1 | 1 |
Jocko Conlan
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From Here to Eternity is a 1953 American drama romance war film directed by Fred Zinnemann, and written by Daniel Taradash, based on the 1951 novel of the same name by James Jones."
}
] |
2vdfIuGYLTUIvM8lSu5K
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film's title originates from Rudyard Kipling's 1892 poem \"Gentlemen-Rankers\", about soldiers of the British Empire who had \"lost [their] way\" and were \"damned from here to eternity\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From Here to Eternity is a 1953 American drama romance war film directed by Fred Zinnemann, and written by Daniel Taradash, based on the 1951 novel of the same name by James Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Two songs are noteworthy: \"Re-Enlistment Blues\", and \"From Here to Eternity\", by Robert Wells and Fred Karger."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2002, From Here to Eternity was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Opening to rave reviews, From Here to Eternity proved to be an instant hit with critics and public alike, the Southern California Motion Picture Council extolling: \"A motion picture so great in its starkly realistic and appealing drama that mere words cannot justly describe it.\" Variety agreed: The James Jones bestseller, From Here to Eternity, has become an outstanding motion picture in this smash screen adaptation."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "With a final gross of $30.5 million equating to earnings of $12.2 million, From Here to Eternity was not only one of the top-grossing films of 1953, but one of the ten highest-grossing films of the decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Differences from the novel",
"text": "The Army required that the abuse of Maggio not be shown, and that Judson's behavior towards Maggio be portrayed as \"a sadistic anomaly, and not as the result of Army policy, as depicted in Jones' book\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The cast names are exceptionally good, the exploitation and word-of-mouth values are topnotch, and the prospects in all playdates are very bright, whether special key bookings or general run."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"The cast agreed; Burt Lancaster commented in the book Sinatra: An American Legend that, \"[Sinatra's] fervour, his bitterness had something to do with the character of Maggio, but also with what he had gone through the last number of years."
}
] |
From Here to Eternity is derived from a book with the same title.
| 0 | 0 |
From Here to Eternity
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Career as a novelist",
"text": "Together with undersea archaeologist Daniel Lenihan, Hackman has written three historical fiction novels: Wake of the Perdido Star (1999), a sea adventure of the 19th century; Justice for None (2004), a Depression-era tale of murder; and Escape from Andersonville (2008) about a prison escape during the American Civil War."
}
] |
2vppYLnioohTILVjeeXr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "Payback at Morning Peak: A Novel of the American West."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Allen Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a retired American actor and novelist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Career as a novelist",
"text": "Together with undersea archaeologist Daniel Lenihan, Hackman has written three historical fiction novels: Wake of the Perdido Star (1999), a sea adventure of the 19th century; Justice for None (2004), a Depression-era tale of murder; and Escape from Andersonville (2008) about a prison escape during the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "Hackman, Gene, and Daniel Lenihan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had three children: Christopher Allen, Elizabeth Jean, and Leslie Anne Hackman."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-0-312-36373-4. Hackman, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-1-451-62356-7. Hackman, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-1-557-04398-6. Hackman, Gene, and Daniel Lenihan."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-0-312-32425-4. Hackman, Gene, and Daniel Lenihan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "In 1993, he appeared in Geronimo: An American Legend as Brigadier General George Crook, and co-starred with Tom Cruise as a corrupt lawyer in The Firm, a legal thriller based on the John Grisham novel of the same name."
}
] |
American actor Gene Hackman has authored three novels.
| 0 | 0 |
Gene Hackman
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time of his retirement, he was the last legal spitballer in the American League; another legal spitballer, Burleigh Grimes, was later traded to the AL and appeared in 10 games for the Yankees in 1934."
}
] |
2wdNdssvRofRtz5ELHgv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "The live-ball era was beginning, but, thanks to a rule change allowing active 17 spitball pitchers to continue throwing it the remainder of their careers after its 1920 ban, he made one of the most successful transitions of all pitchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "Perhaps his last great performance was a one-hitter at age 40 in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "In one game that season, he pitched a three-hitter with only 67 pitches."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "However, in one game against Boston, he stole home, a rare feat for a pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "In his last few seasons, Faber returned to relief pitching, coming out of the bullpen 96 times between 1931 and 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "He was one of only six pitchers to win 100 or more games in both the \"dead ball\" (through 1920) and live ball eras."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "When the pitcher slowly entered his windup, Faber ran toward third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1909, Faber pitched a season for St. Joseph's College, later known as Loras College."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By the age of 16, Faber was receiving $2 to pitch Sunday games with a local baseball team in Dubuque."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father became one of the wealthiest citizens in Cascade."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time of his retirement, he was the last legal spitballer in the American League; another legal spitballer, Burleigh Grimes, was later traded to the AL and appeared in 10 games for the Yankees in 1934."
}
] |
Faber was one of the last pitchers allowed to do a "spitball" pitch.
| 0 | 0 |
Red Faber
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Kennedy was born on February 17, 1914, in Worcester, Massachusetts, the son of Helen (née Thompson) and John Timothy \"J.T.\" Kennedy, a dentist."
}
] |
2wiYZhV9y5wSrcclgczy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Of Kennedy's film work, he is perhaps best-remembered for his collaborations with director Anthony Mann and co-star James Stewart on Bend of the River (1952) and The Man from Laramie (1955), in both of which he played sympathetic villains."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Arthur Kennedy (February 17, 1914 – January 5, 1990) was an American stage and film actor known for his versatility in supporting film roles and his ability to create \"an exceptional honesty and naturalness on stage\", especially in the original casts of Arthur Miller plays on Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1949, Kennedy won a Tony Award for best supporting actor as Biff in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman at the Morosco Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also enjoyed a distinguished stage career over the same period, receiving a Tony Award for his role of Biff Loman in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman (1949)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Kennedy was born on February 17, 1914, in Worcester, Massachusetts, the son of Helen (née Thompson) and John Timothy \"J.T.\" Kennedy, a dentist."
}
] |
Arthur Kennedy's father was an orthodontist.
| 1 | 4 |
Arthur Kennedy
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In the 1970s, fashion company executive Charles Evans decided to get into movie-making."
}
] |
2wkZsk0ftpbM2WuabkSq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "This movie gets you coming and going... The movie also manages to make some lighthearted but well-aimed observations about sexism."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "It was an industry which his brother, Robert Evans, was successful in as an actor, producer, and studio executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In the 1970s, fashion company executive Charles Evans decided to get into movie-making."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Evans told the Los Angeles Times in 1995 that he got into producing \"because I enjoy movies very much."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Its final gross in the United States and Canada was $177,200,000, making it the second-highest-grossing movie of 1982 after E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical adaptation",
"text": "A stage musical of the movie premiered at the Cadillac Palace Theatre in Chicago from September 11 to October 14, 2018 before opening on Broadway in the spring of 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "half undressed because he wants to try on her clothes in order to get more ideas for Dorothy's wardrobe, he covers up by claiming he wants to have sex with her."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Michael Dorsey is a respected actor, but nobody in New York wants to hire him because he is a perfectionist and difficult to work with."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Les proposes marriage, insisting that Dorothy think about it before answering."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Pollack initially resisted the idea, but Hoffman eventually convinced him to take the role; it was Pollack's first acting work in years."
}
] |
One of Tootsie's producers worked in the clothing industry before going into movie making.
| 0 | 0 |
Tootsie
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n0, with no electric charge and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton."
}
] |
2wumBy4hz1LBUlX6bKaI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Electric charge",
"text": "By comparison, the charge of the proton is +1 e."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Electric charge",
"text": "The total electric charge of the neutron is 0 e."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The nuclear force results from secondary effects of the more fundamental strong force."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Structure and geometry of charge distribution",
"text": "An article published in 2007 featuring a model-independent analysis concluded that the neutron has a negatively charged exterior, a positively charged middle, and a negative core."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "2⁄3 e. Like protons, the quarks of the neutron are held together by the strong force, mediated by gluons."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Structure and geometry of charge distribution",
"text": "This gives the neutron, in effect, a magnetic moment which resembles a negatively charged particle."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Electric charge",
"text": "This zero value has been tested experimentally, and the present experimental limit for the charge of the neutron is −2(8)×10−22 e, or −3(13)×10−41 C."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Antineutron",
"text": "CPT-symmetry puts strong constraints on the relative properties of particles and antiparticles, so studying antineutrons provides stringent tests on CPT-symmetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Structure and geometry of charge distribution",
"text": "In a simplified classical view, the negative \"skin\" of the neutron assists it to be attracted to the protons with which it interacts in the nucleus. (However, the main attraction between neutrons and protons is via the nuclear force, which does not involve electric charge.) The simplified classical view of the neutron's charge distribution also \"explains\" the fact that the neutron magnetic dipole points in the opposite direction from its spin angular momentum vector (as compared to the proton)."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Magnetic moment",
"text": "The discrepancy stems from the complexity of the Standard Model for nucleons, where most of their mass originates in the gluon fields, virtual particles, and their associated energy that are essential aspects of the strong force."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n0, with no electric charge and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton."
}
] |
A neutron has a strong charge.
| 0 | 0 |
Neutron
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Broadcast News (1987), and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Firm (1993) and again for Thirteen (2003)."
}
] |
2x3l3RajyDCqTTfmmt50
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Holly Patricia Hunter (born March 20, 1958) is an American actress and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Piano, she won the Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, and Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Broadcast News (1987), and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Firm (1993) and again for Thirteen (2003)."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "More film and television work followed until 1987, when she earned a starring role in the Coens' Raising Arizona and was nominated for an Academy Award for her performance in Broadcast News, after which Hunter became a critically acclaimed star."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "Following her second collaboration with Dreyfuss, in Once Around, Hunter garnered critical attention for her work in two 1993 films, resulting in her being nominated for two Academy Awards the same year: Hunter's performance in The Firm won her a nomination as Best Supporting Actress, while her portrayal of a mute Scottish woman entangled in an adulterous affair with Harvey Keitel in Jane Campion's The Piano won her the Best Actress award."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "The film was critically acclaimed along with Hunter and her co-stars and earned her nominations for the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A seven-time Primetime Emmy Award nominee, Hunter won for Roe vs. Wade (1989), and The Positively True Adventures of the Alleged Texas Cheerleader-Murdering Mom (1993)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Hunter is irreligious. In 2016, Hunter was awarded an Honorary Doctorate degree by her alma mater, Carnegie Mellon University."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her other film roles include Raising Arizona (1987), Always (1989), Home for the Holidays (1995), Crash (1996),"
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "In 2009, she was awarded the Women in Film Lucy Award."
}
] |
Holly Patricia Hunter won an Academy Award in 1987.
| 0 | 2 |
Holly Hunter
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began as a much shorter narrative which revisited in a comic manner aspects of Death in Venice, a novella that he was preparing for publication."
}
] |
2xKx95dJ7GAsjcWGF1uc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Magic Mountain (German: Der Zauberberg) is a novel by Thomas Mann, first published in German in November 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "According to Mann, this represents the original and deathly destructive force of nature itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The outbreak of World War I interrupted his work on the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The narrative opens in the decade before World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "The Berghof sanatorium is located on a mountain, both geographically and figuratively, a separate world."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "However, whereas the classical Bildungsroman would conclude by Castorp having formed into a mature member of society, with his own world view and greater self-knowledge, The Magic Mountain ends with Castorp becoming an anonymous conscript, one of millions, under fire on some battlefield of World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to Mann, in the afterword that was later included in the English translation of his novel, this stay inspired his opening chapter (\"Arrival\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Allegorical characters | Settembrini: Humanism",
"text": "Mann originally constructed Settembrini as a caricature of the liberal-democratic novelist, represented for example by his own brother Heinrich Mann."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mann started writing what was to become The Magic Mountain in 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Connection to Death in Venice",
"text": "According to the author, he originally planned The Magic Mountain as a novella, a humorous, ironic, satirical (and satyric) follow-up to Death in Venice, which he had completed in 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began as a much shorter narrative which revisited in a comic manner aspects of Death in Venice, a novella that he was preparing for publication."
}
] |
The Magic Mountain is a poem by Thomas Mann that was originally was a shorter version to Arrival, a World War l story.
| 2 | 6 |
The Magic Mountain
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert did not live to see this rival franchise begin play, however, dying of a heart attack in 1882 at the age of 49 two weeks before the AA made its debut."
}
] |
2xPnhBHv1aFxfEZmaZE6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "This led the league to pass new rules banning both for the 1881 season and then expelling the unapologetic Cincinnati club for violating a rule that would not go into effect for two more months."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The Veterans Committee finally enshrined Hulbert in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In December, Force signed a second contract with the Philadelphia Athletics, and Hulbert protested."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert is buried in Graceland Cemetery under a grave marker designed to look like a baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "When he did not show up, Hulbert was elected the new president, retaining his presidency of the White Stockings as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert also instituted the practice of the league hiring of umpires to bolster public perceptions of league integrity."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The signings were made while the 1875 season was in progress, but Hulbert decided to anticipate league disciplinary action by establishing his own league."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In a move that established a precedent for future handling of dishonest ballplayers, Hulbert banned all four players from the league for life."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "For decades, Hulbert was kept out of the Baseball Hall of Fame despite his critical role in founding the first professional league."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Determined to keep his shortstop, Hulbert signed him to a contract for the 1875 season in September, before the 1874 season had concluded, a violation of league rules."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert did not live to see this rival franchise begin play, however, dying of a heart attack in 1882 at the age of 49 two weeks before the AA made its debut."
}
] |
Hulbert passed away in his 40s.
| 0 | 1 |
William Hulbert
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Witch cake",
"text": "Lawson's account describes this cake \"a means to discover witchcraft\" and provides other details such as that it was made from rye meal and urine from the afflicted girls and was fed to a dog."
}
] |
2yAz6Fz7txuZ0ZYTbOV4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Initial events",
"text": "Good was a destitute woman accused of witchcraft because of her reputation."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources and early discussion",
"text": "Several traveled to Salem in order to gather information about the trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and closure",
"text": "Events in Salem and Danvers in 1992 were used to commemorate the trials."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Initial events",
"text": "Tituba, an enslaved South American Indian woman from the West Indies, likely became a target because of her ethnic differences from most of the other villagers."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and closure | Memorials",
"text": "The 300th anniversary of the trials was marked in 1992 in Salem and Danvers by a variety of events."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Publicizing Witchcraft",
"text": "Glover, of Irish Catholic descent, was characterized as a disagreeable old woman and described by her husband as a witch; this may have been why she was accused of casting spells on the Goodwin children."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Overview",
"text": "Giles Corey, an 81-year-old farmer from the southeast end of Salem (called Salem Farms), refused to enter a plea when he came to trial in September."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Only fourteen other women and two men had been executed in Massachusetts and Connecticut during the 17th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Accusations and examinations before local magistrates",
"text": "During the proceedings, objections by Elizabeth's husband, John Proctor, resulted in his arrest that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"At the 300th anniversary events in 1992 to commemorate the victims of the trials, a park was dedicated in Salem and a memorial in Danvers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Witch cake",
"text": "Lawson's account describes this cake \"a means to discover witchcraft\" and provides other details such as that it was made from rye meal and urine from the afflicted girls and was fed to a dog."
}
] |
During the Salem trials, a woman prepared an excrement soup and gave it to a cat.
| 0 | 0 |
Salem witch trials
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"The novella has been banned from various US public and school libraries or curricula for allegedly \"promoting euthanasia\", \"condoning racial slurs\", being \"anti-business\", containing profanity, and generally containing \"vulgar\" and \"offensive language\"."
}
] |
2yBcJsIjzMQ5cvWpEGKV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of Mice and Men is a novella written by John Steinbeck."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1937, it tells the story of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, who move from place to place in California in search of new job opportunities during the Great Depression in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"The novella has been banned from various US public and school libraries or curricula for allegedly \"promoting euthanasia\", \"condoning racial slurs\", being \"anti-business\", containing profanity, and generally containing \"vulgar\" and \"offensive language\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Many of the bans and restrictions have been lifted and it remains required reading in many other American, Australian, Irish, British, New Zealand and Canadian high schools."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gang Gang aft agley\". (The best laid schemes of mice and men / Often go awry.) While it is a book taught in many schools, Of Mice and Men has been a frequent target of censors for vulgarity, and what some consider offensive and racist language; consequently, it appears on the American Library Association's list of the Most Challenged Books of 21st Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "An early draft of Of Mice and Men was eaten by Steinbeck's dog, named Max."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Of Mice and Men has been challenged (proposed for censorship) 54 times since it was published in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "It opened on November 23, 1937, in the Music Box Theatre on Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Of Mice and Men was Steinbeck's first attempt at writing in the form of novel-play termed a \"play-novelette\" by one critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Crooks states the theme candidly as \"A guy goes nuts if he ain't got anybody."
}
] |
The 1937 novella Of Mice and Men has been banned in schools in the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Of Mice and Men
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They have two children. As of 2014, Johnson has a home in Southwest Ranches, Florida, as well as Los Angeles, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their daughter Simone was born on August 14, 2001."
}
] |
2ygb0L3e8vZU6e6T4XU9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Activism and philanthropy",
"text": "In 2006, Johnson founded the Dwayne Johnson Rock Foundation, a charity working with at-risk and terminally ill children."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They have two children. As of 2014, Johnson has a home in Southwest Ranches, Florida, as well as Los Angeles, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dwayne Douglas Johnson was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California, to Ata Johnson (née Maivia; born 1948) and former professional wrestler Rocky Johnson (born Wayde Douglas Bowles; 1944–2020)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dwayne Douglas Johnson (born May 2, 1972), also known by his ring name The Rock, is an American-Canadian actor, producer, businessman, retired professional wrestler, and former American football player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | Final feuds and first retirement (2003–2004)",
"text": "The Rock won after delivering three consecutive Rock Bottoms, ending their long-running rivalry in what turned out to be Austin's final match."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | Return to WWE | Non-wrestling appearances (2007–2009)",
"text": "On March 12, 2007, The Rock appeared on a WWE show after nearly three years, via a pre-taped promo shown during Raw."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | The Nation of Domination (1997–1998)",
"text": "The Rock then resumed his feud with Triple H, as the two had a two out of three falls match at Fully Loaded: In Your House for the Intercontinental title, which The Rock retained in controversial fashion."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | Mainstream crossover",
"text": "The Music, Vol. The Music, Vol. 5.In 1999 , Johnson appeared on That '70s Show as his father, Rocky Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | Return to WWE | Non-wrestling appearances (2007–2009)",
"text": "On March 29, 2008, Johnson appeared to induct his father and grandfather Peter Maivia and Rocky Johnson into the WWE Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Johnson is half-Black (African) and half-Samoan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their daughter Simone was born on August 14, 2001."
}
] |
Dwayne Johnson has three children .
| 0 | 0 |
Dwayne Johnson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Futbol Club Barcelona (Catalan pronunciation: [fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə] (listen)), commonly referred to as Barcelona and colloquially known as Barça ([ˈbaɾsə]), is a Spanish professional football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain."
}
] |
2z7BfcIgHCcWIv1A34M1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Club rivalries | El derbi Barceloní",
"text": "The founding message of the club was clearly anti-Barcelona, and they disapprovingly saw FC Barcelona as a team of foreigners."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2008: Exit Núñez, enter Laporta",
"text": "They took part in the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup, but were beaten by a late goal in the final against Brazilian side Internacional."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1978–2000: Núñez and stabilization",
"text": "In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "There are also other facilities, which include: Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper (FC Barcelona's training ground) Masia-Centre de Formació Oriol Tort (Residence of young players) Mini Estadi (Home of the reserve team) Palau Blaugrana (FC Barcelona indoor sports arena) Palau Blaugrana 2 (Secondary indoor arena of FC Barcelona) Palau de Gel (FC Barcelona ice rink) S"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1923–1957: Rivera, Republic and Civil War",
"text": "This coincided with the transition to professional football, and, in 1926, the directors of Barcelona publicly claimed, for the first time, to operate a professional football club."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1923–1957: Rivera, Republic and Civil War",
"text": "He was dubbed the martyr of barcelonisme, and his murder was a defining moment in the history of FC Barcelona and Catalan identity."
},
{
"section_header": "Club rivalries | Rivalry with A.C. Milan",
"text": "Barcelona's rival in European football is Italian club A.C. Milan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1978: Club de Fútbol Barcelona",
"text": "He was crowned European Footballer of the Year in 1973 during his first season with Barcelona (his second Ballon d'Or win; he won his first while playing for Ajax in 1971)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1899–1922: Beginnings",
"text": "FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the Campionat de Catalunya and the Copa del Rey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Futbol Club Barcelona (Catalan pronunciation: [fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə] (listen)), commonly referred to as Barcelona and colloquially known as Barça ([ˈbaɾsə]), is a Spanish professional football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain."
}
] |
FC Barcelona is a Brazilian football club.
| 0 | 0 |
FC Barcelona
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1966: Finnish director Mikko Niskanen shot the play as a telefilm in Finnish but retained the original setting."
}
] |
30TvKuyLDmWp4biPzEqs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1957: Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa, adapted the story into the film Donzoko (The Lower Depths), starring Toshiro Mifune, in which the characters have been moved to Edo period Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1947 : The Chinese film, Night Inn (夜店) by director Huang Zuolin, is based on Ke Ling's Chinese theatrical adaptation of The Lower Depths."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1966: Finnish director Mikko Niskanen shot the play as a telefilm in Finnish but retained the original setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lower Depths (Russian: На дне, Na dne, literally: 'At the bottom') is perhaps the best known of Maxim Gorky's plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When it first appeared, The Lower Depths was criticized for its pessimism and ambiguous ethical message."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1946 : Indian film producer-director Chetan Anand began his career as a film director with Neecha Nagar (Lowly City), which was a Hindi film adaptation in an Indian setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1936 : French film director Jean Renoir made a 1936 film of the same name as the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1921: 1921: Japanese film: Minoru Murata directed a silent film called Souls on the Road (Rojō no Reikon), based on this play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was written during the winter of 1901 and the spring of 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1952: The Moscow Art Theatre production of the play was filmed by Soviet director A. Frolov in conjunction with Mosfilm studio and released as a feature film in the USSR."
}
] |
The 1901 play The Lower Depths has been adapted to film multiple times most recently in 1966.
| 3 | 4 |
The Lower Depths
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Williams is regarded as the most influential composer of film scores of all time."
}
] |
30VDabffrSlkueqj0YYz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film and television scoring",
"text": "Williams contributed \"The Adventures of Han\" for the 2018 standalone Star Wars film Solo: A Star Wars Story while John Powell wrote the film's original score."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2005 the American Film Institute selected Williams's score to 1977's Star Wars as the greatest film score of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and television scoring",
"text": "Like the main themes from Jaws, Star Wars, Superman, and Indiana Jones, fans have come to identify the Harry Potter films with Williams's original compositions."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and television scoring",
"text": "The original Star Wars trilogy concluded with the 1983 film Return of the Jedi, for which Williams's score provided most notably the \"Emperor's Theme\", \"Parade of the Ewoks\", and \"Luke and Leia\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Conducting and performing",
"text": "On April 13, 2017, at Star Wars Celebration Orlando, Williams performed a surprise concert with the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra featuring \"Princess Leia's Theme\" (a tribute to the recently deceased Carrie Fisher), \"The Imperial March\" and \"Main Title\" followed by George Lucas saying, \"The secret sauce of Star Wars, the greatest composer-conductor in the universe, John Williams\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and television scoring",
"text": "In March 2018, Williams announced that following Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, which was released in December 2019, he would retire from composing music for the Star Wars franchise: \"We know J. J. Abrams is preparing one Star Wars movie now that I will hopefully do next year for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and television scoring",
"text": "Williams wrote the music for Star Wars: The Last Jedi, the eighth episode of the saga, released on December 15, 2017, and its sequel Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, which was released on December 20, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and television scoring",
"text": "Williams's prominence grew in the early 1970s thanks to his work for now-film producer Irwin Allen's disaster films."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and television scoring",
"text": "\"In 1999, Lucas launched the first of three prequels to the original Star Wars trilogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and television scoring",
"text": "In June 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Williams as one of hundreds of artists whose material was destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Williams is regarded as the most influential composer of film scores of all time."
}
] |
John Williams' career was destroyed by lack of work after the Star Wars films.
| 0 | 2 |
John Williams
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It won the 1939 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel."
}
] |
30WMt8iUFV1uA5k0H9he
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the best-selling novel in America in 1938 and the seventh-best in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It won the 1939 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It sold over 250,000 copies in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the main selection of the Book of the Month Club in April 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yearling is a novel by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings published in March 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Fodder-wing Forrester: Jody's best friend."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Claude Jarman Jr. as Jody Baxter won the Juvenile Award Oscar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He advised her to write about what she knew from her own life, and The Yearling was the result."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The book then focuses on Jody's life as he matures along with Flag."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The book was written for the stage by Lore Noto and Herbert Martin."
}
] |
The Yearling was the best selling book in America, sold a quarter of a million copies, and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1938.
| 1 | 2 |
The Yearling
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Return to Greece",
"text": "According to the accounts given by Pindar and the tragedians, Agamemnon was slain in a bath by his wife alone, after being ensnared by a blanket or a net thrown over him to prevent resistance."
}
] |
30xZwlL01Uj10EUzaupE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Trojan War",
"text": "During the fighting, Agamemnon killed Antiphus and fifteen other Trojan soldiers, according to one source."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In old versions of the story, the scene of the murder, when it is specified, is usually the house of Aegisthus, who has not taken up residence in Agamemnon's palace, and it involves an ambush and the deaths of Agamemnon's followers as well (or it seems to be an ancestral home of both Agamemnon and Aegisthus since Agamemnon's wife is stated to be there as well"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Upon Agamemnon's return from Troy, he was killed (according to the oldest surviving account, Odyssey 11.409–11) by Aegisthus, the lover of his wife Clytemnestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Other stories",
"text": "In the legends of the Peloponnesus, Agamemnon was regarded as the highest type of a powerful monarch, and in Sparta he was worshipped under the title of Zeus Agamemnon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In some later versions Clytemnestra herself does the killing, or she and Aegisthus act together, killing Agamemnon in his own home."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Legends make him the king of Mycenae or Argos, thought to be different names for the same area."
},
{
"section_header": "Trojan War",
"text": "Following one of the Achaean Army's raids, Chryseis, daughter of Chryses, one of Apollo's priests, was taken as a war prize by Agamemnon."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Agamemnon and Clytemnestra had four children: one son, Orestes, and three daughters, Iphigenia, Electra and Chrysothemis."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to Greece",
"text": "Clytemnestra also killed Cassandra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When Menelaus's wife, Helen, was taken to Troy by Paris, Agamemnon commanded the united Greek armed forces in the ensuing Trojan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to Greece",
"text": "According to the accounts given by Pindar and the tragedians, Agamemnon was slain in a bath by his wife alone, after being ensnared by a blanket or a net thrown over him to prevent resistance."
}
] |
In one of the legends of Agamemnon, he is killed by his wife while he is cleaning himself up.
| 0 | 0 |
Agamemnon
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bee Gees were a British pop music group formed in 1958."
}
] |
313CDy6euRMRFcivOi2V
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2008: This Is Where I Came In and Maurice's death",
"text": "Initially, his surviving brothers announced that they intended to carry on the name \"Bee Gees\" in his memory, but as time passed they decided to retire the group's name, leaving it to represent the three brothers together."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bee Gees were a British pop music group formed in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following Maurice's death in January 2003 at the age of 53, Barry and Robin retired the group's name after 45 years of activity."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1974: Reformation",
"text": "Maurice said, \"We just discussed it and re-formed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "In May 1958, the Rattlesnakes were disbanded when Frost and Horrocks left, so the Gibb brothers then formed Wee Johnny Hayes and the Blue Cats, with Barry as Johnny Hayes."
},
{
"section_header": "Band members",
"text": "Maurice was credited by the brothers as being the most technologically savvy member of the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2008: This Is Where I Came In and Maurice's death",
"text": "The same week that Maurice died, Robin's solo album Magnet was released."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "They formed a skiffle/rock-and-roll group, the Rattlesnakes, which consisted of Barry on guitar and vocals, Robin and Maurice on vocals and friends Paul Frost on drums and Kenny Horrocks on tea-chest bass."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2008: This Is Where I Came In and Maurice's death",
"text": "Maurice Gibb died unexpectedly on 12 January 2003, at age 53, from a heart attack while awaiting emergency surgery to repair a strangulated intestine."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "Kipner briefly took over as the group's manager and successfully negotiated their transfer to Spin in exchange for granting Festival the Australian distribution rights to the group's recordings."
}
] |
The Bee Gees formed as a band in 1958 and retired the group's name after Maurice dies in 2005.
| 2 | 6 |
Bee Gees
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Banks was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977, and was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999."
}
] |
31Iv1EmPaC9WIEZ5yYzM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "He was the Cubs' first black player; he became one of several former Negro league players who joined MLB teams without playing in the minor leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Banks is regarded by some as one of the greatest players of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Banks was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Move to first base",
"text": "Banks credited center fielder Richie Ashburn with helping him learn to play left field; in 23 games Banks committed only one error."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Banks married Liz Ellzey in 1997 and Hank Aaron served as his best man."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "He made the All-Star selection as a reserve player but did not play in the game."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Banks hit a major-league-leading 47 home runs in 1958, while batting .313, third best in the NL."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Robinson told Banks, \"Ernie, I'm glad to see you're up here"
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Move to first base",
"text": "Ernie had an unfailing instinct for doing the wrong thing."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Move to first base",
"text": "The Cubs began playing under the College of Coaches in 1961, a system in which decisions were made by a group of 12 coaches rather than by one manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977, and was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999."
}
] |
Ernie Banks was ranked as one of the best MLB players to play in the 20th century.
| 1 | 2 |
Ernie Banks
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Despite his commanding wealth, Captain Posey still had to deal with racial discrimination, according to historian William Serrin."
}
] |
32K5CuFTP47UTNjco5pB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "Posey's teams reeled in nine consecutive pennants from 1937–1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Despite his commanding wealth, Captain Posey still had to deal with racial discrimination, according to historian William Serrin."
}
] |
Posey's father was well-to-do.
| 1 | 2 |
Cum Posey
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmi.ljo a.ɣiˈnal.do]: March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia."
}
] |
32WPjUPiMGjQxgEopfCL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Commemoration",
"text": "In 1957, Emilio Aguinaldo College was established as a private, non-sectarian institute of education and named after Emilio Aguinaldo."
},
{
"section_header": "Commemoration",
"text": "In 1985, BRP Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo (PG-140) was launched and became the lead ship of the General Emilio Aguinaldo class patrol vessel of the Philippine Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Final plan to defeat the Spaniards and the arrival of the Americans",
"text": "Unbeknownst to Aguinaldo, on December 10, 1898, the 1898 Treaty of Paris was signed, transferring the Philippines from Spain to the United States with a sum of $20 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Final plan to defeat the Spaniards and the arrival of the Americans",
"text": "Spain had learned of Augustín's intentions to surrender Manila to the Filipinos, which had been the reason he had been replaced by Jáudenes."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had five children: Carmen Aguinaldo-Melencio, Emilio \"Jun\" R. Aguinaldo Jr., Maria Aguinaldo-Poblete, Cristina Aguinaldo-Suntay, and Miguel Aguinaldo."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": ", Fairbanks poses and speaks for the camera as he talks with former Philippine president Emilio Aguinaldo."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Emilio Famy Aguinaldo Sr. was born on March 22, 1869 in Cavite el Viejo (present-day Kawit), in Cavite province, to Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy-Aguinaldo, a Tagalog-ilocano Chinese mestizo couple who had eight children, the seventh of whom was Emilio"
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Twin battles of Binakayan-Dalahican",
"text": "Apart from that, Blanco ordered about 8,000 men who recently came from Cuba and Spain to joint in suppressing the rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Philippine Revolution and battles",
"text": "This symbol has recently been revived by a breakaway group of army officers signifying the end of warfare with Spain after the peace agreement."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Declaration of independence and revolutionary government",
"text": "On June 12, Aguinaldo promulgated the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain in his own mansion house in Cavite El Viejo, believing that declaration would inspire the Filipino people to eagerly rise against the Spaniards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmi.ljo a.ɣiˈnal.do]: March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia."
}
] |
Emilio Aguinaldo was from Spain.
| 0 | 0 |
Emilio Aguinaldo
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He led the National League in RBI in 1900, and led the American League in stolen bases in 1904 and 1906, and in batting average in 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Flick was born on January 11, 1876, the third of five children of Zachary and Mary Flick, on the family farm in Bedford, Ohio."
}
] |
32eB8I3VNZ52ytf9RNrh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "\"Flick was one of many star NL players who jumped to the fledgling American League (AL) after the 1901 season, playing for the crosstown Philadelphia Athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "On July 6, 1902, Flick hit three triples in one game."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "The couple had five daughters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elmer Harrison Flick (January 11, 1876 – January 9, 1971) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball from 1898 to 1910 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia Athletics, and Cleveland Bronchos/Naps."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "During a 1905 game, Cleveland fielders were charged with seven errors in a single inning, but Flick committed only one of the errors."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "He also engaged in a fistfight with Lajoie that caused Lajoie to miss five weeks due to a broken thumb."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "The title winner, Honus Wagner, later said, \"I've had a lot of thrills, but don't think I was ever happier than in 1900 when I won after battling Elmer Flick to the last day of the season for the title."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Flick was born on January 11, 1876, the third of five children of Zachary and Mary Flick, on the family farm in Bedford, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later career",
"text": "Flick played for Toledo in 1911 and 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "In the 1906 season, Flick played a league-leading 157 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He led the National League in RBI in 1900, and led the American League in stolen bases in 1904 and 1906, and in batting average in 1905."
}
] |
Elmer Flick was one of five kids and played professional baseball.
| 1 | 8 |
Elmer Flick
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ellen Burstyn (born Edna Rae Gillooly; December 7, 1932) is an American actress."
}
] |
338tqg5IjtvUlYwSpuOy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known for her portrayal of complicated women in dramas, Burstyn is the recipient of various accolades, and is among the few performers to have won the Triple Crown of Acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1984–2005: Television films and continued success",
"text": "In 1995, she portrayed Judith in the comedy-drama Roommates (1995)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ellen Burstyn (born Edna Rae Gillooly; December 7, 1932) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1971–1983: Film breakthrough",
"text": "Burstyn was nominated for Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film in the Golden Globes for her portrayal of the murderer, Jean Harris."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Burstyn then decided to become an actress and chose the name \"Ellen McRae\" as her professional name; she later changed her surname after her 1964 marriage to Neil Burstyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2015: Further work in film and television",
"text": "In addition to her stage work, Burstyn portrayed former First Lady Barbara Bush in Oliver Stone's biographical film W. in 2008.In 2009, she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her portrayal of the bipolar estranged mother of Detective Elliot Stabler on NBC's police procedural Law & Order: Special Victims Unit."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1958–1970: Early work",
"text": "She was credited as Ellen McRae until 1967, when she and her then-husband Neil Nephew both changed their surname to Burstyn, and she began to be credited as Ellen Burstyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Burstyn, Ellen (2006). Lessons in Becoming Myself."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2015: Further work in film and television",
"text": "She also appeared in the thriller The Wicker Man (2006), a remake of the 1973 British film of the same name, which was a commercial flop and negatively received by critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2015: Further work in film and television",
"text": "She portrayed the grandmother of Lou (played by Mackenzie Foy) in Wish You"
}
] |
Ellen Burstyn is a British actress known for her portrayal of women in dramas.
| 4 | 5 |
Ellen Burstyn
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
}
] |
342t8phR0A43xnqnTGZq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"It is probably the wittiest play he ever wrote, the most flawless technically, and in spite of being a very light comedy, the most telling.\" Orwell says that Arms and the Man wears well"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man was one of Shaw's first commercial successes."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "Marlon Brando's final stage appearance was in Arms and the Man in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "George Orwell said that Arms and the Man was written when Shaw was at the height of his powers as a dramatist."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": ", New York put on a production of Arms and the Man in 1983 with Kelsey Grammer as Sergius."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "so many?\"Arms and the Man is a humorous play that shows the futility of war and deals comedically with the hypocrisies of human nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A filmed version of Arms and the Man in German entitled Helden (Heroes) starring O. W. Fischer and Liselotte Pulver was runner up for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "He chose to play Sergius while William Redfield starred as Bluntschli."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The play takes place during the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War."
}
] |
Arms and the Man is a comedy play.
| 2 | 7 |
Arms and the Man
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He began the manuscript in the summer of 1920, but a year later abandoned most of that text."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1923 Dreiser returned to the project, and with the help of his wife Helen and two editor-secretaries, Louise Campbell and Sally Kusell, he completed the massive novel in 1925."
}
] |
346XP3qz8Qq2RWNY4JgK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influences and characteristics",
"text": "Dreiser saved newspaper clippings about the case for several years before writing his novel, during which he studied the case closely."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He began the manuscript in the summer of 1920, but a year later abandoned most of that text."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1923 Dreiser returned to the project, and with the help of his wife Helen and two editor-secretaries, Louise Campbell and Sally Kusell, he completed the massive novel in 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been adapted several times into other forms, and the storyline has been used, not always attributed, as the basis for other works: A first stage adaptation written by Patrick Kearney for Broadway premiered at the Longacre Theatre in New York on October 11, 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The local authorities are eager to convict Clyde, to the point of manufacturing additional evidence against him, although he repeatedly incriminates himself with his confused and contradictory testimony."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and characteristics",
"text": "A strikingly similar murder took place in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1934, when Robert Edwards clubbed Freda McKechnie, one of his two lovers, and placed her body in a lake."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The first of the versions starred such renowned actors as Raul Selis (as Clyde), Martha del Rio (Roberta), Miriam Mier (Sondra), Julio Alberto Casanova (Gilbert), and Maggie Castro (Bertine)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An American Tragedy is a 1925 novel by American writer Theodore Dreiser."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In Cuba, the novel has been adapted and broadcast by Radio Progreso national broadcasting twice: in 1977 and 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and characteristics",
"text": "The identity of the \"rich girl\" in the love triangle (Sondra Finchley in the novel) has apparently never been clearly established."
}
] |
The novel took 3 years to finish for the author as he dropped the project in the first year.
| 0 | 0 |
An American Tragedy
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With their heavy, guitar-driven sound, they are regularly cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal, although their style drew from a variety of influences, including blues and folk music."
}
] |
3499BzACOLOhnuzU4zmm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "The band also drew on a wide variety of genres, including world music, and elements of early rock and roll, jazz, country, funk, soul, and reggae, particularly on Houses of the Holy and the albums that followed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With their heavy, guitar-driven sound, they are regularly cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal, although their style drew from a variety of influences, including blues and folk music."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "Led Zeppelin's music was rooted in the blues."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "Early lyrics drew on the band's blues and folk roots, often mixing lyrical fragments from different songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "According to musicologist Robert Walser, \"Led Zeppelin's sound was marked by speed and power, unusual rhythmic patterns, contrasting terraced dynamics, singer Robert Plant's wailing vocals, and guitarist Jimmy Page's heavily distorted crunch\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "According to popular music scholar Reebee Garofalo, \"because hip critics could not find a constructive way of positioning themselves in relation to Led Zeppelin's ultra-macho presentation, they were excluded from the art rock category despite their broad range of influences."
},
{
"section_header": "History | \"The Biggest Band in the World\": 1971–1975",
"text": "Led Zeppelin's next album, Houses of the Holy, was released in March 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hiatus from touring and return: 1975–1977",
"text": "The rest of the tour was immediately cancelled, prompting widespread speculation about Led Zeppelin's future."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Page wrote most of Led Zeppelin's music, particularly early in their career, while Plant generally supplied the lyrics."
},
{
"section_header": "History | \"The Biggest Band in the World\": 1971–1975",
"text": "In 1975, Led Zeppelin's double album Physical Graffiti was their first release on the Swan Song label."
}
] |
Led Zeppelin's style drew from a variety of music's types.
| 5 | 6 |
Led Zeppelin
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "In 2015, West became the second-ever rapper to headline Glastonbury Festival."
}
] |
34La3dTgCd3unsmiTRYV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Influence",
"text": "No one's near doing what he's doing, it's not even on the same planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "Similar to the [production] style I use, RZA has been doing that."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2003–2006: The College Dropout and Late Registration",
"text": "\"Slow Jamz\", his second single featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx, became an even bigger success: it became the three musicians' first number one hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Influence",
"text": "West is among the most critically acclaimed artists of the twenty-first century, receiving praise from music critics, fans, fellow musicians, artists, and wider cultural figures for his work."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "In 2015, West became the second-ever rapper to headline Glastonbury Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2003–2006: The College Dropout and Late Registration",
"text": "Although Brion had no prior experience in creating hip-hop records, he and West found that they could productively work together after their first afternoon in the studio where they discovered that neither confined his musical knowledge and vision to one specific genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "In 2014, NME named him the third most influential artist in music."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues",
"text": "\"In 2014, after an altercation with a paparazzo at Los Angeles Airport, West was sentenced to serve two years' probation for a misdemeanor battery conviction, and was required to attend 24 anger management sessions, perform 250 hours of community service, and pay restitution to the photographer."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": "\"In 2014, West referred to himself as a Christian during one of his concerts."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "He and several other musicians watched Trump sign the Music Modernization Act."
}
] |
In 2014, he performed at Glastonbury, becoming the first musician of his genre to do so.
| 4 | 5 |
Kanye West
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She won two consecutive Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress for playing a seductive con artist in the crime film American Hustle (2013) and the painter Margaret Keane in the biopic Big Eyes (2014)."
}
] |
34onunrra57OHMObYk9O
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amy Lou Adams (born August 20, 1974) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She won two consecutive Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress for playing a seductive con artist in the crime film American Hustle (2013) and the painter Margaret Keane in the biopic Big Eyes (2014)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–2017: Established actress",
"text": "She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical and received her fifth Oscar nomination (her first for Best Actress)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–2017: Established actress",
"text": "She won a second consecutive Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical and received a BAFTA nomination for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–2017: Established actress",
"text": "Adams received BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations in the Best Actress category."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2012: Ingénue parts and expansion to dramatic roles",
"text": "What an actress, and what range!\" She received Academy, Golden Globe, and BAFTA nominations for Best Supporting Actress; she lost the former two to Leo."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting credits and awards",
"text": "She has twice won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical, for American Hustle (2013) and Big Eyes (2014), and has been nominated seven more times: Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical for Enchanted (2007), Best Supporting Actress for Doubt (2008),"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Amy Lou Adams was born on August 20, 1974, to American parents Richard and Kathryn Adams, when her father was stationed with the United States Army at the Caserma Ederle military complex in Vicenza, Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–2007: Breakthrough with Junebug and Enchanted",
"text": "Adams received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her accolades include two Golden Globes, and nominations for six Academy Awards and seven British Academy Film Awards."
}
] |
The American actress Amy Lou Adams won two Golden Globes
| 0 | 0 |
Amy Adams
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic."
}
] |
34p3TScopmQ18Mk3ghcZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Cultural impact",
"text": "The event has been referenced in popular music, including the music of Karel Kryl, Luboš Fišer's Requiem, and Karel Husa's Music for Prague 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Prague Spring inspired music and literature including the work of Václav Havel, Karel Husa, Karel Kryl and Milan Kundera's novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Cultural impact",
"text": "The Israeli song \"Prague\", written by Shalom Hanoch and performed by Arik Einstein at the Israel Song Festival of 1969, was a lamentation on the fate of the city after the Soviet invasion and mentions Jan Palach's Self-immolation."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Cultural impact",
"text": "\"The Prague Spring is featured in several works of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory | Conflicted memories",
"text": "Indeed, the great achievements of the Prague Spring, i. e."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Normalization and censorship",
"text": "\"While this was not yet the end of the media's freedom after the Prague Spring, it was the beginning of the end."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory | Conflicted memories",
"text": "The memory of the Prague Spring is thus largely obscured and often overviewed."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory | Conflicted memories",
"text": "In addition, the revitalization of the society was also an essential component of the Prague Spring."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Cultural impact",
"text": "The Czech musical film, Rebelové from Filip Renč, also depicts the events, the invasion and subsequent wave of emigration."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Cultural impact",
"text": "The Prague Spring deepened the disillusionment of many Western leftists with Soviet views."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic."
}
] |
Prague Spring is a musical festival.
| 0 | 0 |
Prague Spring
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
}
] |
34uxE1lq5lNi6A3Ilw9t
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Alexander (born October 28, 1939) is an American author, actress, and former director of the National Endowment for the Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Alexander's name and picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Between the two, they have four children, Alexander's son Jace and Sherin's three sons, Tony, Geoffrey, and Jon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander's major break in acting came in 1967 when she played Eleanor Backman in the original production of Howard Sackler's The Great White Hope at Arena Stage in Washington, DC."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander's additional screen credits include All the President's Men (1976), Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), and Testament (1983), all of which earned her Oscar nods, Brubaker (1980), The Cider House Rules (1999), and Fur (2006), in which she played Gertrude Nemerov, mother of Diane Arbus, played in the film by Nicole Kidman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander's other television films include Arthur Miller's Playing for Time, co-starring Vanessa Redgrave, for which Alexander won another Emmy Award; Malice in Wonderland (as famed gossip-monger Hedda Hopper); Blood & Orchids; and In Love and War (1987) co-starring James Woods, which tells the story of James and Sybil Stockdale during Stockdale's eight years as a US prisoner of war in Vietnam."
}
] |
Jane Alexander's parents were prominent lawyers.
| 0 | 5 |
Jane Alexander
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the first transportation system between the East Coast of the United States and the western interior that did not require portage."
}
] |
34zttxib5GCecchT8IJI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the first transportation system between the East Coast of the United States and the western interior that did not require portage."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "From the first days of the expansion of the British colonies from the coast of North America into the heartland of the continent, a recurring problem was that of transportation between the coastal ports and the interior."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Trade between the United States and Canada also increased as a result of the repeal and a reciprocity (free-trade) agreement signed in 1854."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Proposals",
"text": "The idea of a canal to tie the East Coast to the new western settlements was discussed as early as 1724: New York provincial official Cadwallader Colden made a passing reference (in a report on fur trading) to improving the natural waterways of western New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal)."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "There were no civil engineers in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Locks",
"text": "It is operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century | New York State Canal System",
"text": "In 1992, the New York State Barge Canal was renamed the New York State Canal System (including the Erie, Cayuga-Seneca, Oswego, and Champlain canals) and placed under the newly created New York State Canal Corporation, a subsidiary of the New York State Thruway Authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Proposals",
"text": "Their efforts led to the creation of the \"Western and Northern Inland Lock Navigation Companies\" in 1792, which took the first steps to improve navigation on the Mohawk and construct a canal between the Mohawk and Lake Ontario, but it was soon discovered that private financing was insufficient."
},
{
"section_header": "Locks",
"text": "The Black Rock Lock is operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers."
}
] |
It was the first transportation system between the East Coast of the United States and the western interior that did not require portage.
| 0 | 3 |
Erie Canal
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play consists of multiple subplots that revolve around the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta."
}
] |
357T5fN72CQ5mrgWQBeZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film adaptations",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy (1982) was written and directed by Woody Allen."
},
{
"section_header": "Gallery",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream in Art"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and motifs | Ambiguous sexuality",
"text": "He writes that his essay \"does not (seek to) rewrite A Midsummer Night's Dream as a gay play but rather explores some of its 'homoerotic significations' ... moments of 'queer' disruption and eruption in this Shakespearean comedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film adaptations",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream has been adapted as a film many times."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st centuries",
"text": "He used not only the Midsummer Night's Dream music but also several other pieces by Mendelssohn."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st centuries",
"text": "Shakespeare in the Arb has produced A Midsummer Night's Dream three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film adaptations",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream, a UK production shot in Austria, set in an alternative near future."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Literary",
"text": "Neil Gaiman's comic series The Sandman uses the play in the 1990 issue A Midsummer Night's Dream."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Themed events",
"text": "The National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) hosted their 2020 Prom in the theme of A Midsummer Night's Dream."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play consists of multiple subplots that revolve around the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta."
}
] |
A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy about Ariadne and Dionysus.
| 1 | 5 |
A Midsummer Night's Dream
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name."
}
] |
35I962UVhTY7pQ4NJRj6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Use of the Kaddish in the arts | In literature and publications",
"text": "Another Jew is dead. As though death were not a consequence of life but a consequence of having been a Jew.\" “Kaddish” is the penultimate and longest piece in poet"
},
{
"section_header": "Mourner's Kaddish",
"text": "Notably, the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises God."
},
{
"section_header": "Mourner's Kaddish",
"text": "Following the death of a child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for thirty days, or eleven months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death (the Yahrzeit)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Qaddish aḥar Haqqəvurah \"Qaddish after Burial\") and memorials; for 11 Hebrew months after the death of a parent, and for 30 days after the death of a spouse, sibling, or child."
},
{
"section_header": "Use of the Kaddish in the arts | Onscreen, in television",
"text": "\"Kaddish\" is the title of Homicide: Life on the Street episode 5.17, in which detective John Munch (Richard Belzer), who is Jewish, investigates the rape and murder of his childhood sweetheart."
},
{
"section_header": "Use of the Kaddish in the arts | Online",
"text": "From 2016-2017 Rabbi Ariana Katz recorded a podcast called \"Kaddish\" focused on mourning ritual and customs, featuring first person storytelling and interviews, using Jewish tradition to contextualize and deepen themes of the show, and holding space at the intersection of life and death. \" Kaddish\" covered topics including mourning chosen family, reproductive loss, illness, ritual writing, suicide, queer and trans burial, tattoos and conversion status, and state violence."
},
{
"section_header": "Mourner's Kaddish",
"text": "It is believed that mourners adopted this version of the Kaddish around the 13th century during harsh persecution of Jews by crusaders in Germany because of the opening messianic line about God bringing the dead back to life (though this line is not in many modern versions)."
},
{
"section_header": "Use of the Kaddish in the arts | In literature and publications",
"text": "Sam Sax's chapbook STRAIGHT,, in which he tells the story of the death of the speaker’s first love due to an overdose, following narratives of the speaker’s own addiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Use of the Kaddish in the arts | In literature and publications",
"text": "Leon Wieseltier's Kaddish (1998) is a book length hybrid of memoirs (of the author's year of mourning after the death of his father), history, historiography and philosophical reflection, all centered on the mourner's Kaddish."
},
{
"section_header": "Use of the Kaddish in the arts | In visual arts",
"text": "Following the deaths of both her parents within one week of one another, artist Wendy Meg Siegel created a painting with a focus on the Kaddish, as part of her canvas on canvas \"text-tures\" series, which explores methods of combining text and canvas in a somewhat “sculptural” manner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name."
}
] |
The Kaddish is about life and death.
| 0 | 0 |
Kaddish
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents, Bomi (1908–2003) and Jer Bulsara (1922–2016), were from the Parsi community of western India."
}
] |
35uUAhgzRdrzZZMnhBqm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1964, his family fled the Zanzibar Revolution, moving to Middlesex, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The family had moved to Zanzibar so that Bomi could continue his job as a cashier at the British Colonial Office."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "Austin continues to live at Mercury's former home, Garden Lodge, Kensington, with her family."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "In attendance at Mercury's service were his family and 35 of his close friends, including Elton John and the members of Queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "In 2009 a star commemorating Mercury was unveiled in Feltham, west London where his family moved upon arriving in England in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1964, Mercury and his family fled from Zanzibar to escape the violence of the revolution against the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government, in which thousands of ethnic Arabs and Indians were killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As Zanzibar was a British protectorate until 1963, Mercury was born a British subject, and on 2 June 1969 was registered a citizen of the United Kingdom and colonies after the family had emigrated to England."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents, Bomi (1908–2003) and Jer Bulsara (1922–2016), were from the Parsi community of western India."
}
] |
Freddie Mercury's family was Portuguese .
| 2 | 5 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The second (chapters 12–20) flashes back to focus primarily on the \"Great Big Siege of Bologna\" before once again jumping to the chronological present of 1944 in the third part (chapter 21–25)."
}
] |
35vpGKYAhTii0jteKjkv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The first (chapters 1–11) broadly follows the story fragmented between characters, but in a single chronological time in 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Often cited as one of the most significant novels of the twentieth century, it uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration, describing events from the points of view of different characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Anti-capitalism",
"text": "At the next corner a man was beating a small boy brutally in the midst of an immobile crowd of adult spectators who made no effort to intervene...\" While the military's enemies are Germans, none appears in the story as an enemy combatant."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The second (chapters 12–20) flashes back to focus primarily on the \"Great Big Siege of Bologna\" before once again jumping to the chronological present of 1944 in the third part (chapter 21–25)."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The development of the novel can be split into segments."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Although the novel won no awards upon release, it has remained in print and is seen as one of the most significant American novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Heller said that the novel had been influenced by Céline, Waugh and Nabokov."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He began writing it in 1953; the novel was first published in 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The opening chapter of the novel was originally published in New World Writing as Catch-18 in 1955, but Heller's agent, Candida Donadio, requested that he change the title of the novel, so it would not be confused with another recently published World War II novel, Leon Uris's Mila 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Though the novel is ostensibly set in World War II, Heller intentionally included anachronisms like loyalty oaths and computers (IBM machines) to situate the novel in the context of the 1950s."
}
] |
In the novel Catch-22, the story does not unfold chronologically.
| 0 | 0 |
Catch-22
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "The book's only theatrically released adaptation was the film Arrowsmith in 1931, featuring Ronald Colman and Helen Hayes as Arrowsmith and Leora respectively."
}
] |
3699RQtTym52iW8MPZEH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Martin Arrowsmith shares some biographical elements with Félix d'Herelle, who is identified in the novel as a co-discoverer of the bacteriophage and represented as having beaten Arrowsmith into publication with his results."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "The book's only theatrically released adaptation was the film Arrowsmith in 1931, featuring Ronald Colman and Helen Hayes as Arrowsmith and Leora respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arrowsmith is an early major novel dealing with the culture of science."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "Helen Hayes reprised her role as Leora in an hour-long adaptation on The Campbell Playhouse radio program along with Orson Welles as Arrowsmith."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arrowsmith is a novel by American author Sinclair Lewis, first published in 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "In a letter to the committee, he wrote: I wish to acknowledge your choice of my novel Arrowsmith for the Pulitzer Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "In fact, the name was initially rejected because they thought drummer Joey Kramer got the name from the Lewis novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "It was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Adapted Screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Arrowsmith tells the story of bright and scientifically minded Martin Arrowsmith as he makes his way from a small town in the Midwest to the upper echelons of the scientific community. (He is born in Elk Mills, Winnemac, the same fictional state in which several of Lewis's other novels are set.) Along the way he experiences medical school."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "Lux Radio Theater presented a one-hour radio adaptation on October 25, 1937, starring Spencer Tracy and Fay Wray."
}
] |
The novel, Arrowsmith doesn't have any adaptions.
| 0 | 2 |
Arrowsmith (novel)
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War."
}
] |
36XAxPYGY1x917On138e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Even as the Red Army battled the Panzers to a standstill on the outskirts of Moscow."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is one of the few exceptions and the reason is simple."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "After years of neglect Homage to Catalonia re-emerged in the 1950s, following on from the success of Orwell's later books."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia was commercially unsuccessful, only selling 638 copies, but Barcelona under the Anarchists would remain with Orwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "After nine months of animal husbandry and writing up Homage to Catalonia at their cottage at Wallington, Hertfordshire, Orwell's health declined, and he had to spend several months at a sanatorium in Aylesford, Kent."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "\" In the words of a recent biographer, Gordon Bowker, \"the people that had effaced that reality, the Soviet Communists, now had an implacable enemy they would come to regret having made.\" Christopher Hitchens: \"The narrative core of Homage to Catalonia, it might be argued, is a series of events that occurred in and around the Barcelona telephone exchange in early May 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary of chapters | Appendix one",
"text": "The political differences among the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC—entirely under Communist control and affiliated to the Third International), the anarchists, and the POUM, are considered."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "He wrote in Homage to Catalonia that people frequently told him a man who is hit through the neck and survives is the luckiest creature alive, but that he personally thought \"it would be even luckier not to be hit at all.\" After having his wounds dressed at a first aid post about half a mile from the front line, he was transferred to Barbastro and then to Lérida, where he received only an external treatment of his wound."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary of chapters | Chapter four",
"text": "It set up in my mind the first vague doubts about this war in which, hitherto, the rights and wrongs had seemed so beautifully simple.\" In February, he is sent with the other POUM militiamen 50 miles to make a part of the army besieging Huesca; he mentions the running joke phrase, \"Tomorrow we'll have coffee in Huesca,\" attributed to a general commanding the Government troops who, months earlier, made one of many failed assaults on the town."
}
] |
Homage to Catalonia is based on real life affairs from the author while he was in the army and in battle.
| 0 | 0 |
Homage to Catalonia
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "One tale erroneously attributes it to cannon balls fired by the army of Napoleon Bonaparte."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "Examination of the Sphinx's face shows that long rods or chisels were hammered into the nose, one down from the bridge and one beneath the nostril, then used to pry the nose off towards the south."
}
] |
37k474GWj1ANSjVoIYJf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Builder and timeframe",
"text": "When the Stele was re-excavated in 1925, the lines of text referring to Khaf flaked off and were destroyed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "He attributed the desecration of the sphinxes of Qanatir al-Siba built by the sultan Baybars to him, and also said he might have desecrated the Great Sphinx."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Fringe hypotheses | The Great Sphinx as Anubis",
"text": "Author Robert K. G. Temple proposes that the Sphinx was originally a statue of the jackal god Anubis, the God of the Necropolis, and that its face was recarved in the likeness of a Middle Kingdom pharaoh, Amenemhet II."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Names",
"text": "The English word sphinx comes from the ancient Greek Σφίγξ (transliterated: sphinx) apparently from the verb σφίγγω (transliterated: sphingo / English: to squeeze), after the Greek sphinx who strangled anyone who failed to answer her riddle."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology",
"text": "The cult of the Sphinx continued into medieval times."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Builder and timeframe",
"text": "Apart from the Causeway, the Pyramid and the Sphinx, the complex also includes the Sphinx Temple and Valley Temple, both of which display similar design of their inner courts."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology",
"text": "He ties this in with his conclusions that the Sphinx, the Sphinx temple, the Causeway and the Khafra mortuary temple are all part of a complex which predates Dynasty IV (c. 2613–2494 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Builder and timeframe",
"text": "The Sphinx Temple was built using blocks cut from the Sphinx enclosure, while those of the Valley Temple were quarried from the plateau, some of the largest weighing upwards of 100 tons."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Richard Pococke's Sphinx was an adoption of Cornelis de Bruijn's drawing of 1698, featuring only minor changes, but is closer to the actual appearance of the Sphinx than anything previous."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "One tale erroneously attributes it to cannon balls fired by the army of Napoleon Bonaparte."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "Examination of the Sphinx's face shows that long rods or chisels were hammered into the nose, one down from the bridge and one beneath the nostril, then used to pry the nose off towards the south."
}
] |
The nasal appendage of the sphinx was destroyed by a gunpowder weapon.
| 4 | 7 |
Great Sphinx of Giza
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crédit Mobilier scandal of 1867, which came to public attention in 1872, was a two-part fraud by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad."
}
] |
38OXgYyxFrPwJrXFHNpV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Transgression",
"text": "Ames's actions became one of the best-known examples of graft in American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crédit Mobilier scandal of 1867, which came to public attention in 1872, was a two-part fraud by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "First, a fraudulent company, Crédit Mobilier, was created by Union Pacific executives to greatly inflate construction costs."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "This company had no relation to the French bank Crédit Mobilier, which at the time was one of the major financial institutions in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme",
"text": "The original company, Pennsylvania Fiscal Agency, was a loan and contract company chartered in 1859."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "The Union Pacific presented genuine and accurate invoices to the U.S. government, as evidence of actual construction costs incurred and billed to them by Crédit Mobilier of America for payment."
},
{
"section_header": "Transgression",
"text": "The high market value of the stock resulted from the superb performance of Crédit Mobilier of America as a corporation, which in turn succeeded due to its major contract with the Union Pacific."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "Nor was it revealed that in every major construction contract drawn up between the Union Pacific and Crédit Mobilier, the contract's terms, conditions, and price had been offered (by Crédit Mobilier) and accepted (by the Union Pacific) through the actions of corporate officers and directors who were one and the same persons."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "Union Pacific was accepting for payment genuine Crédit Mobilier invoices and was applying an auditable overhead expense for management and administration (of the Union Pacific) during construction of the railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Transgression",
"text": "These same members of Congress made the company appear to be profitable by voting to appropriate government funds to cover Crédit Mobilier's inflated charges."
}
] |
The Credit Mobilier of America scandal was about inflating expenses on the assembly of a town hall in Pennsylvania and did not become known till 1872.
| 0 | 0 |
Credit Mobilier of America scandal
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The outbreak of World War I interrupted his work on the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Given this, Mann felt compelled to radically revise and expand the pre-war text before completing it in 1924."
}
] |
38bETIis8amiGtFk6pms
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "At the conclusion of the novel, the war begins, and Castorp volunteers for the military."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Magic Mountain (German: Der Zauberberg) is a novel by Thomas Mann, first published in German in November 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "However, whereas the classical Bildungsroman would conclude by Castorp having formed into a mature member of society, with his own world view and greater self-knowledge, The Magic Mountain ends with Castorp becoming an anonymous conscript, one of millions, under fire on some battlefield of World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The outbreak of World War I interrupted his work on the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The narrative opens in the decade before World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "During his extended stay, Castorp meets a variety of characters, who represent a microcosm of pre-war Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "The Berghof sanatorium is located on a mountain, both geographically and figuratively, a separate world."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "Another topos of German literature is the Venus Mountain (Venusberg), which is referred to in Richard Wagner's opera Tannhäuser."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is widely considered to be one of the most influential works of twentieth-century German literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Allegorical characters | Chauchat: Love and temptation",
"text": "She is one of the major reasons for Castorp's extended stay on the magic mountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Given this, Mann felt compelled to radically revise and expand the pre-war text before completing it in 1924."
}
] |
The german novel, The Magic Mountain, was put on hold during the beginning of World War I as the author reexamined his worldview.
| 1 | 2 |
The Magic Mountain
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Augustus's reign laid the foundations of a regime that lasted, in one form or another, for nearly fifteen hundred years through the ultimate decline of the Western Roman Empire and until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453."
}
] |
38owM8DK5dEiGKRiOdzE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and succession",
"text": "Augustus's famous last words were, \"Have I played the part well?"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Augustus's reign laid the foundations of a regime that lasted, in one form or another, for nearly fifteen hundred years through the ultimate decline of the Western Roman Empire and until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Sole ruler of Rome | Additional powers",
"text": "Lucius Cornelius Balbus was the last man outside Augustus's family to receive this award, in 19 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Second Triumvirate | Proscriptions",
"text": "This explicit arrogation of special powers lasting five years was then legalised by law passed by the plebs, unlike the unofficial First Triumvirate formed by Pompey, Julius Caesar, and Marcus Licinius Crassus."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession",
"text": "Augustus's health had been in decline in the months immediately before his death, and he had made significant preparations for a smooth transition in power, having at last reluctantly settled on Tiberius as his choice of heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession",
"text": "Publicly, though, his last words were, \"Behold, I found Rome of clay, and leave her to you of marble.\" An enormous funerary procession of mourners traveled with Augustus's body from Nola to Rome, and on the day of his burial"
},
{
"section_header": "Sole ruler of Rome | Stability and staying power",
"text": "Proconsular imperium was conferred upon Agrippa for five years, similar to Augustus's power, in order to accomplish this constitutional stability."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Second Triumvirate | Proscriptions",
"text": "The triumvirs then set in motion proscriptions, in which between 130 and 300 senators and 2,000 equites were branded as outlaws and deprived of their property and, for those who failed to escape, their lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "However, for his rule of Rome and establishing the principate, Augustus has also been subjected to criticism throughout the ages."
}
] |
Augustus's ruling set groundwork that lasted for almost 1500 years.
| 1 | 4 |
Augustus
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Sunset is frequently congested with traffic loads beyond its design capacity."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The boulevard has curvaceous winding stretches, and can be treacherous for unalert drivers in some sections."
}
] |
39i7awHAHbEoawel2wny
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Sunset Boulevard is at least four lanes wide along its entire route."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Sunset is frequently congested with traffic loads beyond its design capacity."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "At that time, Sunset was realigned one block north and Marchessault was closed to motor traffic."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This section, variously marked and signed as Marchessault Street or East Sunset Boulevard, remained open to traffic until the late 1960s or early 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1877, Horace H. Wilcox, one of the earlier real estate owners from \"back East\", decided to subdivide his more than 20 acres (8.1 ha) of land (mostly orchards and vineyards) along Sunset Boulevard, including what is today Hollywood and Vine."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "In contrast to other American cities where it referred to a concentration of radio retailers, in Los Angeles, Radio Row was understood in the 1940s-1950s as the area around the intersection of Sunset Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood, where the broadcasting facilities of all four major radio networks were located."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1890, Belgian diplomat Victor Ponet bought 240 acres (97 ha) of the former Rancho La Brea land grant."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The portion of Sunset Boulevard that passes through Beverly Hills was once named Beverly Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The Sunset Strip portion of Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood has been famous for its active nightlife since at least the 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The boulevard is commemorated in Billy Wilder's film Sunset Boulevard (1950), the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical of the same name, and the 1950s television series 77 Sunset Strip."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The boulevard has curvaceous winding stretches, and can be treacherous for unalert drivers in some sections."
}
] |
Sunset Boulevard, at least four lanes wide with its twists and turns, has a lot of traffic, making a dangerous situation for inattentive motorists.
| 0 | 0 |
Sunset Boulevard
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Europe and last years",
"text": "Dvořák had an \"attack of influenza\" on 18 April and died on 1 May 1904, of an undiagnosed cause following five weeks of illness, at the age of 62, leaving many unfinished works."
}
] |
3AYwABoG2LLqLtaV0MgH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Europe and last years",
"text": "During Dvořák's final years, he concentrated on composing opera and chamber music."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Songs",
"text": "Dvořák consoled himself in the Psalms."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "In a 1904 interview, Dvořák claimed that opera was 'the most suitable form for the nation'."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Europe and last years",
"text": "Dvořák himself was forced by illness to \"take to his bed\" and so was unable to attend."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "Of all his operas, only Rusalka, Op. 114, which contains the well-known aria \"Měsíčku na nebi hlubokém\" (\"Song to the Moon\"), is played on contemporary opera stages with any frequency outside the Czech Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral works",
"text": "Antonín Dvořák composed his Requiem in 1890, at the beginning of the peak period of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Europe and last years",
"text": "As seen in Burghauser's 1960 Catalogue, Dvořák wrote his five Symphonic Poems in 1896, but after that completed few works per year, mainly operas: Jakobín in 1896, nothing in 1897, only The Devil and Kate in 1898–99, Rusalka in 1900, two songs and \"Recitatives\" in 1900/01, and finally the opera Armida in 1902–03."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "\"From the New World\", notably the second movement, were adapted from studies for a never-written opera about Hiawatha."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral works",
"text": "The premiere of the work took place on 9 October 1891 in Birmingham, conducted by Dvořák himself, and was \"very successful\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Concerti",
"text": "The reception was \"enthusiastic\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Europe and last years",
"text": "Dvořák had an \"attack of influenza\" on 18 April and died on 1 May 1904, of an undiagnosed cause following five weeks of illness, at the age of 62, leaving many unfinished works."
}
] |
Antonín Dvořák offed himself after a particularly scathing reception to his final Opera.
| 0 | 6 |
Antonín Dvořák
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west."
}
] |
3BZAE1NCB45WizSOqfTN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | World War II",
"text": "The western border became the Oder-Neisse line."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s to present",
"text": "In contrast to this, a section of Poland's eastern border now constitutes the external EU border with Belarus, Russia and Ukraine."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and protohistory",
"text": "With the Baptism of Poland the Polish rulers accepted Western Christianity and the religious authority of the Roman Church."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II",
"text": "In 1945, Poland's borders were shifted westwards."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The culture of Poland is closely connected with its intricate 1,000-year history and forms an important constituent in western civilization."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Piast dynasty",
"text": "The reason for this was the decision of Casimir the Great to quarantine the nation's borders."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Geology",
"text": "The Polish Tatras, which consist of the High Tatras and the Western Tatras, is the highest mountain group of Poland and of the entire Carpathian range."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Waters",
"text": "The longest rivers are the Vistula (Polish: Wisła), 1,047 kilometres (651 mi) long; the Oder (Polish: Odra) which forms part of Poland's western border, 854 kilometres (531 mi) long; its tributary, the Warta, 808 kilometres (502 mi) long; and the Bug, a tributary of the Vistula, 772 kilometres (480 mi) long."
}
] |
Belgium is the western border of Poland.
| 0 | 0 |
Poland
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atonement is a 2007 romantic war drama film directed by Joe Wright and starring James McAvoy, Keira Knightley, Saoirse Ronan, Romola Garai, Benedict Cumberbatch and Vanessa Redgrave."
}
] |
3Bp02oXOY84pFTvSbujB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Atonement also ranks 442nd on Empire magazine's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atonement is a 2007 romantic war drama film directed by Joe Wright and starring James McAvoy, Keira Knightley, Saoirse Ronan, Romola Garai, Benedict Cumberbatch and Vanessa Redgrave."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "The war scenes, like many others, were filmed on location in a seaside town."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "\"To re-create the Second World War setting, a historian was employed to work with the department heads."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "McAvoy is singled out: “His performance as Robbie Turner, the son of a housekeeper at a country estate, raised with ambitions but appallingly wronged, holds the movie together.”"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Four years later, during the Second World War, Robbie has been released from prison on the condition that he joins the army and fights in the Battle of France."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In the film review television program, At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper, Richard Roeper gave the film \"thumbs up\", adding that Knightley gave \"one of her best performances\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"On a more positive note, The New York Observer's Rex Reed considers Atonement his \"favorite film of the year\", deeming it \"everything a true lover of literature and movies could possibly hope for\", and particularly singling out McAvoy as \"the film's star in an honest, heart-rending performance of strength and integrity that overcomes the romantic slush it might have been\", and praising Ronan as a \"staggeringly assured youngster\", while being underwhelmed by a \"serenely bland Keira Knightley\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Locations",
"text": "The seafront in Redcar. This work included an acclaimed five-minute tracking shot of the seafront as a war-torn Dunkirk and a scene in the local cinema on the promenade."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Locations",
"text": "War scenes (in the French countryside) were filmed in Coates and Gedney Drove End, Lincolnshire; Walpole St Andrew and Denver, Norfolk; and in Manea and Pymoor, Cambridgeshire."
}
] |
Atonement is a war comedy movie.
| 1 | 4 |
Atonement (film)
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "The Statue of Unity is the world's tallest statue at 182 metres (597 ft)."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and construction | Design",
"text": "Commenting on the design, Ram Sutar's son, Anil Sutar explains that, \"the expression, posture and pose justify the dignity, confidence, iron will as well as kindness that his personality exudes."
}
] |
3BxDJD6F4gzMFLSQbgL5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The statue is located in the state of Gujarat, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and construction | Design",
"text": "The statue depicts Vallabhbhai Patel, one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement, the first home minister as well as the first Deputy Prime Minister of independent India, and responsible for the integration of hundreds of princely states into the modern Republic of India."
},
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "The Statue of Unity is the world's tallest statue at 182 metres (597 ft)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Statue of Unity is a colossal statue of Indian statesman and independence activist Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950), who was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home minister of independent India and adherent of Mahatma Gandhi during the non-violent Indian Independence movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "The previous tallest statue in India was the 41 m (135 ft) tall statue of Hanuman at the Paritala Anjaneya Temple near Vijayawada in the state of Andhra Pradesh."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Patel was highly respected for his leadership in uniting 562 princely states of India with a major part of the former British Raj to form the single Union of India."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and construction | Design",
"text": "Commenting on the design, Ram Sutar's son, Anil Sutar explains that, \"the expression, posture and pose justify the dignity, confidence, iron will as well as kindness that his personality exudes."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and construction | Funding",
"text": "The Statue of Unity was built by a Public Private Partnership model, with most of the money raised by the Government of Gujarat."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's tallest statue with a height of 182 metres (597 ft)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "An outreach drive named the Statue of Unity Movement was started to support the construction of the statue."
}
] |
Located in the state of Gujarat, India, the Statue of Unity is the world's highest statue depicting Vallabhbhai Patel's dignity, stature, and kindness as he worked to bring about the modern Republic of India.
| 0 | 0 |
Statue of Unity
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Allen Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a retired American actor and novelist."
}
] |
3CgG3gg7kJ3rNYwvw9N1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "Hackman, Gene, and Daniel Lenihan."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "His mother died in 1962 as a result of a fire she accidentally started while smoking."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In January 2012, the then 81-year-old Hackman was riding a bicycle in the Florida Keys when he was struck by a car."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-0-312-36373-4. Hackman, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-1-451-62356-7. Hackman, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In the late 1970s, Hackman competed in Sports Car Club of America races, driving an open-wheeled Formula Ford."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-1-557-04398-6. Hackman, Gene, and Daniel Lenihan."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-0-312-32425-4. Hackman, Gene, and Daniel Lenihan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hackman underwent an angioplasty in 1990.He"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Hackman was born in San Bernardino, California, the son of Eugene Ezra Hackman and Anna Lyda Elizabeth (née Gray)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Allen Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a retired American actor and novelist."
}
] |
Gene Hackman died after being hit by a car.
| 0 | 2 |
Gene Hackman
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Hardy also co-produced and starred in the eight-part BBC One television drama series Taboo."
}
] |
3DaHYkf0RLO7wmPtnIMT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Thomas Hardy (born 15 September 1977) is an English actor and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Hardy also co-produced and starred in the eight-part BBC One television drama series Taboo."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2010",
"text": "In 2008, Hardy starred in the film Bronson, about the real-life English prisoner Charles Bronson, who has spent most of his adult life in solitary confinement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He created, co-produced, and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo (2017) on BBC One and FX.Hardy has performed on both British and American stages."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Taboo was aired in the United States by FX.In 2018, Hardy starred in the film Venom, as the title comic book sometime hero, Eddie Brock / Venom."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Hardy has signed up to play the lead role of Sam Fisher in Ubisoft's forthcoming film adaptation of their video game series Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hardy married producer Sarah Ward in 1999; they divorced in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "In 2019, Hardy served as an executive producer in the 2019 BBC/FX three-part miniseries A Christmas Carol."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2010",
"text": "Dot the i, and then travelled to North Africa for Simon: An English Legionnaire, a story of the French Foreign Legion."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "On 7 December 2015, Hardy won Best Actor at the British Independent Film Awards for his portrayal of the Kray twins, and on the same night attended the premiere of the biographical western thriller The Revenant, in which he reunited with his Inception co-star Leonardo DiCaprio, at Leicester Square, London."
}
] |
English actor and producer Tom Hardy starred in Taboo.
| 0 | 0 |
Tom Hardy
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee."
}
] |
3ERN7P3I0Lang056p7ij
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Instantly successful, widely read in high schools and middle schools in the United States, it has become a classic of modern American literature, winning the Pulitzer Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Social commentary and challenges",
"text": "Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "By 2004, the novel had been chosen by 25 communities for variations of the citywide reading program, more than any other novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Initial reactions to the novel were varied."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "It is considered by some to be the \"Great American Novel\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "In 2003, the novel was listed at No. 6 on the BBC’s"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication."
}
] |
The novel won a Pulitzer Prize.
| 2 | 6 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Development of the novel",
"text": "Jane Austen wrote the first draft of the novel in the form of a novel-in-letters (epistolary form) perhaps as early as 1795 when she was about 19 years old, or 1797, at age 21, and is said to have given it the title Elinor and Marianne."
}
] |
3F3poOb4ZU8mEh5Mrl0U
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Development of the novel",
"text": "Austen drew inspiration for Sense and Sensibility from other novels of the 1790s that treated similar themes, including Adam Stevenson's Life and Love (1785) which he had written about himself and a relationship that was not meant to be."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen, published in 1811."
},
{
"section_header": "Development of the novel",
"text": "She later changed the form to a narrative and the title to Sense and Sensibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Mary Poovey's analysis in The Proper Lady and the Woman Writer: Ideology as Style in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley and Jane Austen concurs with Johnson's on the dark tone of Sense and Sensibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "An \"Unsigned Review\" in the February 1812 Critical Review praises Sense and Sensibility as well written with well supported and drawn characters, realistic, and with a \"highly pleasing\" plot in which \"the whole is just long enough to interest the reader without fatiguing."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Austen biographer Claire Tomalin argues that Sense and Sensibility has a \"wobble in its approach\", which developed because Austen, in the course of writing the novel, gradually became less certain about whether sense or sensibility should triumph."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Gene Ruoff's book Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility explores these issues in a book-length discussion of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "\" Sense and Sensibility establishes what Favret calls a \"new privacy\" in the novel, which was constrained by previous notions of the romance of letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Development of the novel",
"text": "Jane West's A Gossip's Story (1796), which features one sister full of rational sense and another sister of romantic, emotive sensibility, is considered to have been an inspiration as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Early reviews of Sense and Sensibility focused on the novel as providing lessons in conduct (which would be debated by many later critics) as well as reviewing the characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Development of the novel",
"text": "Jane Austen wrote the first draft of the novel in the form of a novel-in-letters (epistolary form) perhaps as early as 1795 when she was about 19 years old, or 1797, at age 21, and is said to have given it the title Elinor and Marianne."
}
] |
The Sense and Sensibility novel was initially written in expository style.
| 2 | 4 |
Sense and Sensibility
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1962, the story follows a mute cleaner at a high-security government laboratory who falls in love with a captured humanoid amphibian creature."
}
] |
3FHeyv6YsdvVX6yYWMRR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "In an interview with IndieWire about the film, del Toro said: \"This movie is a healing movie for me. ... For nine movies I rephrased the fears of my childhood, the dreams of my childhood, and this is the first time I speak as an adult, about something that worries me as an adult."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "It was also primarily inspired by del Toro's childhood memories of seeing Creature from the Black Lagoon and wanting to see the Gill-man and Kay Lawrence (played by Julie Adams) succeed in their romance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Shape of Water is a 2017 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by Guillermo del Toro and written by del Toro and Vanessa Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The interior of the Orpheum (the movie theater seen in the film), is that of the Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres, in Toronto, while the exterior of the building is the façade of the Victorian Massey Hall, a performing arts theatre not far from the other one."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Plagiarism accusations",
"text": "The film also received accusations of plagiarism by Jean-Pierre Jeunet, the French director of the romantic comedy Amélie and the cult classic Delicatessen, who claimed that del Toro plagiarized some of the scenes within his works Amelie, Delicatessen, and The City of Lost Children."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The idea for The Shape of Water formed during del Toro's breakfast with Daniel Kraus in 2011, with whom he later co-wrote the novel Trollhunters."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "It shows similarities to the 2015 short film The Space Between Us."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "When del Toro was in talks with Universal to direct a remake of Creature from the Black Lagoon, he tried pitching a version focused more on the creature's perspective, where the Creature ended up together with the female lead, but the studio executives rejected the concept."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Del Toro set the film during the 1960s Cold War era to counteract today's heightened tensions: \"if I say once upon a time in 1962, it becomes a fairy tale for troubled times."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After initially refusing, Elisa has sex with the Amphibian Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1962, the story follows a mute cleaner at a high-security government laboratory who falls in love with a captured humanoid amphibian creature."
}
] |
This movie is about a programmer who develops romantic feelings with a fish man.
| 0 | 0 |
The Shape of Water
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Commonly nicknamed the \"Piano Man\" after his first major hit and signature song of the same name, he has led a commercially successful career as a solo artist since the 1970s, having released 12 studio albums from 1971 to 1993 as well as one studio album in 2001."
}
] |
3G3zkcS0LgQ4cOv29oo9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1977: Streetlife Serenade and Turnstiles",
"text": "Streetlife Serenade contains references to suburbia and the inner city."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "On January 7, 2014, the Billy Joel in Concert tour began."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "He has also sponsored the Billy Joel Visiting Composer Series at Syracuse University."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Billy Joel has a half-brother, Alexander Joel, born to his father in Europe, who became a classical conductor there."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1979–1983: Glass Houses and The Nylon Curtain",
"text": "On the front cover of the album, Joel is pictured in a leather jacket, about to throw a rock at a glass house (referring to the adage that \"people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1988–1993: Storm Front and River of Dreams",
"text": "A radio remix version of \"All About Soul\" can be found on The Essential Billy Joel (2001), and a demo version appears on My Lives (2005)."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1979–1983: Glass Houses and The Nylon Curtain",
"text": "Joel thought these labels were unfair and insulting, and with Glass Houses, he tried to record an album that proved that he could rock harder than his critics gave him credit for, occasionally imitating and referring to the style of new wave rock music that was starting to become popular at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "On July 18, 2018, Governor Andrew Cuomo proclaimed the date to be Billy Joel Day in New York state to mark his 100th performance at Madison Square Garden"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1970–1974: Cold Spring Harbor and Piano Man",
"text": "The pair later married. Joel signed a contract with the record company Family Productions (owned by Artie Ripp but backed by Gulf + Western), with which he recorded his first solo album, Cold Spring Harbor (a reference to Cold Spring Harbor, a town on Long Island)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Billy Joel's parents met in the late-1930s at City College of New York at a Gilbert and Sullivan performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Commonly nicknamed the \"Piano Man\" after his first major hit and signature song of the same name, he has led a commercially successful career as a solo artist since the 1970s, having released 12 studio albums from 1971 to 1993 as well as one studio album in 2001."
}
] |
Billy Joel is referred to as the "Piano Man".
| 0 | 0 |
Billy Joel
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Emperor (Italian: L'ultimo imperatore; Chinese: 末代皇帝) is a 1987 epic biographical drama film, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China,"
}
] |
3GALjvhcEAkF0rsbkqNu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The Chinese preferred The Last Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After telling him that the previous emperor had died earlier that day, with her last words, Cixi tells Puyi that he will be the next emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Emperor (Italian: L'ultimo imperatore; Chinese: 末代皇帝) is a 1987 epic biographical drama film, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China,"
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Last Emperor had an unusual run in theatres."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "I think there is a relationship between these scenes in The Last Emperor and in 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Hemdale, in turn, licensed theatrical rights to Columbia Pictures, who were initially reluctant to release it, and only after shooting was completed did the head of Columbia agree to distribute The Last Emperor in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical omissions",
"text": "In Japan, the Shochiku Fuji Company edited out a thirty-second sequence from The Last Emperor depicting the Rape of Nanjing before distributing it to Japanese theatres, without Bertolucci's consent."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Were it not for this late push, The Last Emperor would have joined The English Patient, Amadeus, and The Hurt Locker as the only Best Picture winners to not enter the weekend box office top 5 since these numbers were first recorded in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Amazed by the gift, the boy turns to talk to Puyi, but the emperor has disappeared."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "It probably is unforgivably bourgeois to admire a film because of its locations, but in the case of \"The Last Emperor\" the narrative cannot be separated from the awesome presence of the Forbidden City, and from Bertolucci's astonishing use of locations, authentic costumes and thousands of extras to create the everyday reality of this strange little boy.\" Jonathan Rosenbaum, comparing The Last Emperor favourably to Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun, claimed that \"[a]t best, apart from a few snapshots, Empire of the Sun teaches us something about the inside of one director's brain."
}
] |
The Last Emperor is about the existence of Puyi, the last Emperor
| 0 | 0 |
The Last Emperor
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Dorothea Brooke: An intelligent, wealthy woman with great aspirations, Dorothea avoids displaying her wealth and embarks upon projects such as redesigning cottages for her uncle's tenants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Middlemarch, A Study of Provincial Life is a novel by the English author George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans), appearing in eight instalments (volumes) in 1871 and 1872."
}
] |
3GcMD5tZDCmQIwACmE0B
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "1 (first (1871-2) ed.), Eliot, George Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4 Eliot, George."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Middlemarch, A Study of Provincial Life is a novel by the English author George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans), appearing in eight instalments (volumes) in 1871 and 1872."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "She is more sensual than Dorothea and does not share her idealism and asceticism."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | The \"Woman Question\"",
"text": "Eliot has also been criticised more widely for ending the novel with Dorothea marrying a man"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Blackwood agreed, although he feared there would \"complaints of a want of the continuous interest in the story\" due to the independence of each volume."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By May 1871, the growing length of the novel had become a concern to Eliot, as it threatened to exceed the three-volume format that was the norm in publishing."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Marriage",
"text": "In the latter, Mary Garth will not accept Fred until he abandons the Church and settles on a more suitable career."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical novel",
"text": "Eliot had previously written a more obviously historical novel, Romola (1862–1863), set in 15th-century Florence."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Marriage",
"text": "In addition, there is the \"meaningless and blissful\" marriage of Dorothea's sister Celia Brooke to Sir James Chettam, and more significantly Fred Vincy's courting of Mary Garth."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "The scenes between Lydgate and Rosamond he especially praised for their psychological depth – he doubted whether there were any scenes \"more powerfully real... [or] intelligent\" in all English fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Dorothea Brooke: An intelligent, wealthy woman with great aspirations, Dorothea avoids displaying her wealth and embarks upon projects such as redesigning cottages for her uncle's tenants."
}
] |
Middlemarch was printed in more than 7 volumes.
| 0 | 0 |
Middlemarch
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "In May 2019, Voight released a short two-part video on Twitter supporting President Trump's policies, and calling him \"the greatest president since Abraham Lincoln\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "Voight said, \"God answered all our prayers\" by granting Trump the White House."
}
] |
3GnOg5QwUEsvanNGTRKo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "Voight plays the chief executive officer of a fictional private military company based in northern Virginia called Starkwood, which has loose resemblances to Academi and ThyssenKrupp."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jon Voight (; born December 29, 1938) is an American actor."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Jon Voight appears briefly as himself in the episode and bites Kramer on the arm."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "In 2007, he played United States Secretary of Defense John Keller in the summer blockbuster Transformers, reuniting him with Holes star Shia LaBeouf."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "Director Michael Mann tagged Voight for a supporting role in the 2001 biopic Ali, which starred Will Smith as the controversial former heavyweight champ, Muhammad Ali."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the Seinfeld episode \"The Mom & Pop Store\", George Costanza buys a 1989 Chrysler LeBaron thinking it was previously owned by Jon Voight, but Jerry points out that Jon Voight must have misspelled his first name with an \"h\" in the owner's manual for this to be true."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "Because of its controversial themes, the film was released with an X rating and would make history by being the only X-rated feature to win Best Picture at the Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "Voight played Major-General Juergen Stroop, the German officer responsible for the destruction of the Jewish resistance, and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Voight made a cameo appearance as himself on the Seinfeld episode \"The Mom & Pop Store\" airing November 17, 1994, in which George Costanza buys a car that appears to be owned by Jon Voight."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "The writer came up to me and he said \"Jon, would you come take a look at my car to see if you ever owned it?\", because the writer wrote it from a real experience where someone sold him the car based on the fact that it was my car."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "In May 2019, Voight released a short two-part video on Twitter supporting President Trump's policies, and calling him \"the greatest president since Abraham Lincoln\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "Voight said, \"God answered all our prayers\" by granting Trump the White House."
}
] |
Jon Voight is greatly unimpressed by the United States' controversial orange executive office holder.
| 3 | 3 |
Jon Voight
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol e− or β−, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge."
}
] |
3JGY3A5HdLAMRWXyQLyi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery of two kinds of charges",
"text": "He gave them the modern charge nomenclature of positive and negative respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Conductivity",
"text": "When there is an excess of electrons, the object is said to be negatively charged."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Virtual particles",
"text": "In effect, the vacuum behaves like a medium having a dielectric permittivity more than unity."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Fundamental properties",
"text": "The positron is symbolized by e+ because it has the same properties as the electron but with a positive rather than negative charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol e− or β−, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Fundamental properties",
"text": "As the symbol e is used for the elementary charge, the electron is commonly symbolized by e−, where the minus sign indicates the negative charge."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery of free electrons outside matter",
"text": "The field deflected the rays toward the positively charged plate, providing further evidence that the rays carried negative charge."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery of two kinds of charges",
"text": "Beginning in 1846, German physicist William Weber theorized that electricity was composed of positively and negatively charged fluids, and their interaction was governed by the inverse square law."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Interaction",
"text": "An electron generates an electric field that exerts an attractive force on a particle with a positive charge, such as the proton, and a repulsive force on a particle with a negative charge."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery of free electrons outside matter",
"text": "Furthermore, by applying a magnetic field, he was able to deflect the rays, thereby demonstrating that the beam behaved as though it were negatively charged."
}
] |
Electrons have a negative charge.
| 0 | 0 |
Electron
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The most significant change was in the location."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It is now well known, not only that George Chapman's An Humorous Day's Mirth preceded Jonson's play by a year or more, but that Jonson himself was not especially intrigued by the trope of \"humours.\" Since only Kitely is dominated by a \"humour\" as Jonson defined it in Every Man Out of His Humour, it seems more likely that Jonson was using a contemporary taste aroused by Chapman to draw interest to his play, which became his first indisputable hit. Jonson revised the play for the 1616 folio, where it was the first play presented."
}
] |
3K9zHCg03IhJMK7j50Uw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Every Man in His Humour is a 1598 play by the English playwright Ben Jonson."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The 1598 edition was set in a vaguely identified Florence."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It is now well known, not only that George Chapman's An Humorous Day's Mirth preceded Jonson's play by a year or more, but that Jonson himself was not especially intrigued by the trope of \"humours.\" Since only Kitely is dominated by a \"humour\" as Jonson defined it in Every Man Out of His Humour, it seems more likely that Jonson was using a contemporary taste aroused by Chapman to draw interest to his play, which became his first indisputable hit. Jonson revised the play for the 1616 folio, where it was the first play presented."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and publication",
"text": "Ben Iden Payne produced the play in Manchester in 1909, and again in Stratford for the Jonson tercentenary in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Critics of the nineteenth century tended to credit Jonson with the introduction of \"humour\" comedy into English literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and publication",
"text": "In the 1601 Quarto version, the play was set in Florence."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The most significant change was in the location."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The largest change was an entirely new scene featuring"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play belongs to the subgenre of the \"humours comedy,\" in which each major character is dominated by an over-riding humour or obsession."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "After Shakespeare, the main players are given in the following order: Richard Burbage, Augustine Phillips, John Heminges, Henry Condell, Thomas Pope, William Sly, Christopher Beeston, William Kempe, and John Duke. (Kempe would leave the company the next year, for his famous morris dance from London to Norwich.) In 1599, Jonson wrote what would prove to be a much less popular sequel, Every Man out of His Humour."
}
] |
The 1598 play by Ben Jonson Every Man in His Humour changed setting between editions.
| 0 | 0 |
Every Man In His Humour
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "French: [pjɛʁ tʁydo]; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), mostly referred to as simply Pierre Trudeau, or by the initials PET, was a Canadian politician who was the 15th prime minister of Canada and leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, between 1968 and 1984, with a brief period as Leader of the Opposition, from 1979 to 1980."
}
] |
3KEMzQAkOJaXM2IuCv3J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1980–84 | Patriation of the constitution",
"text": "In 1982 Trudeau succeeded in repatriating the Constitution."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1980–84 | Patriation of the constitution",
"text": "The Canada Act, which included the Constitution Act, 1982 and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, was proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of Canada, on April 17, 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Constitutional legacy",
"text": "One of Trudeau's most enduring legacies is the 1982 patriation of the Canadian constitution—which replaced Canada's ties to Britain with its own constitution, the 1982 1982 Constitution Act."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | First and second governments, 1968–74 | October Crisis",
"text": "Five days later Québec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte was also kidnapped."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | First and second governments, 1968–74 | World affairs",
"text": "Lennon said, after talking with Trudeau for 50 minutes, that Trudeau was \"a beautiful person\" and that \"if all politicians were like Pierre Trudeau, there would be world peace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Ontario: École élémentaire Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau, Toronto. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau French Immersion Public School, St. Thomas. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau High School, Markham. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Public School, Oshawa."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings",
"text": "Pierre Trudeau Speaks Out on Meech Lake."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Legacy in Québec",
"text": "Since the signing of the Constitution Act, 1982 in 1982 and until 2015, the Liberal Party of Canada had not succeeded in winning a majority of seats in Québec."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Honorary Degrees Geographic locationsBritish Columbia: Mount Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Premier Range, Cariboo MountainsSchoolsManitoba: Collège Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau, Winnipeg."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau ( TROO-doh, troo-DOH,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "French: [pjɛʁ tʁydo]; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), mostly referred to as simply Pierre Trudeau, or by the initials PET, was a Canadian politician who was the 15th prime minister of Canada and leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, between 1968 and 1984, with a brief period as Leader of the Opposition, from 1979 to 1980."
}
] |
Pierre Trudeau was the Prime Minister of England in 1982 to 1996.
| 1 | 4 |
Pierre Trudeau
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia."
}
] |
3KYbBVTMgoGCevWiLQTG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ancient history | Roman Carthage",
"text": "the capital of the Vandal Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia."
},
{
"section_header": "Trade and business",
"text": "Eventually it would lead, especially in Sicily, to several centuries of intermittent war."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Overview",
"text": "All ships crossing the sea had to pass between Sicily and the coast of Tunisia, where Carthage was built, affording it great power and influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city developed from a Phoenician colony into the capital of a Punic empire which dominated large parts of the Southwest Mediterranean during the first millennium BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient history",
"text": "Greek cities contested with Carthage for the Western Mediterranean culminating in the Sicilian Wars and the Pyrrhic War over Sicily, while the Romans fought three wars against Carthage, known as the Punic Wars, \"Punic\" meaning \"Phoenician\" in Latin, as Carthage was a Phoenician colony grown into a kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient history | Roman Carthage",
"text": "\"I have run the plough over it, like the ancient Carthage of Africa, and I have had salt sown upon it....\" When Carthage fell, its nearby rival Utica, a Roman ally, was made capital of the region and replaced Carthage as the leading center of Punic trade and leadership."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Layout",
"text": "The Punic Carthage was divided into four equally sized residential areas with the same layout, had religious areas, market places, council house, towers, a theater, and a huge necropolis; roughly in the middle of the city stood a high citadel called the Byrsa."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary sources",
"text": "It may have been Juba II who 'discovered' the five-centuries-old 'log book' of Hanno the Navigator, called the Periplus, among library documents saved from fallen Carthage."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient history | Roman Carthage",
"text": "By 122 BC, Gaius Gracchus founded a short-lived colony, called Colonia Iunonia, after the Latin name for the Punic goddess Tanit, Iuno Caelestis."
}
] |
Carthage was the capital city in what is today called Sicily.
| 0 | 0 |
Carthage
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "A Dazzy Vance Day celebration was held in Brooklyn."
}
] |
3KqDAu6jf3SVMchSc03J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "In 1922, Vance produced an 18–12 record with a 3.70 earned run average (ERA) and a league-leading 134 strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Arthur \"Dazzy\" Vance (March 4, 1891 – February 16, 1961) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He set the then-National League record for strikeouts in a nine-inning game when he fanned 15 Chicago Cubs in a game on August 23, 1924. (He struck-out 17 batters in a 10-inning game in 1925.) On September 24, 1924, Vance struck out three batters on nine pitches in the second inning of a 6–5 win over the Chicago Cubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "he only saw 33 innings of big league play during his twenties."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Vance became the fifth National League pitcher and the seventh pitcher in MLB history to accomplish the nine-strike/three-strikeout half-inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1938, Vance became ill with pneumonia."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "A Dazzy Vance Day celebration was held in Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Orient, Iowa, Vance spent most of his childhood in Nebraska."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Vance died of a heart attack in 1961 in Homosassa Springs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Vance was discovered to have an arm injury in 1916 and was given medical treatment."
}
] |
Charles Vance earned his nickname "Dazzy" from his singing in the locker room which dazzled his teammates.
| 1 | 3 |
Dazzy Vance
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rotifers are an important part of the freshwater zooplankton, being a major foodsource and with many species also contributing to the decomposition of soil organic matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most rotifers are around 0.1–0.5 mm long (although their size can range from 50 μm to over 2 mm), and are common in freshwater environments throughout the world with a few saltwater species."
}
] |
3KtW3nfiP7uzKc60L8G6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Feeding",
"text": "Like crustaceans, rotifers contribute to nutrient recycling."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rotifers are an important part of the freshwater zooplankton, being a major foodsource and with many species also contributing to the decomposition of soil organic matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most rotifers are around 0.1–0.5 mm long (although their size can range from 50 μm to over 2 mm), and are common in freshwater environments throughout the world with a few saltwater species."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Biology",
"text": "For example, four copies of hsp82 are found."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The rotifers (from Latin rota \"wheel\" and -fer \"bearing\"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Biology",
"text": "Each is different and found on a different chromosome excluding the possibility of homozygous sexual reproduction."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "About 2200 species of rotifers have been described."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction and life cycle",
"text": "Rotifers are dioecious and reproduce sexually or parthenogenetically."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "Rotifers have bilateral symmetry and a variety of different shapes."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "In the great majority of rotifers, however, this has evolved into a more complex structure."
}
] |
Rotifers play a significant role in saltwater zooplankton as they contribute their nutrients and are not commonly found in freshwater environments.
| 0 | 0 |
Rotifera
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has been described as \"arguably the most versatile... composer of his time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "But shortfalls in payment of his salary, along with increasing recognition in Europe and an onset of homesickness, led him to leave the United States and return to Bohemia in 1895."
}
] |
3LQzsIfgfikmSVr6FOdZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Europe and last years",
"text": "Dvoŕák also succeeded Antonín Bennewitz as director of the Prague Conservatory from November 1901 until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Songs",
"text": "Around that time Dvořák was informed of the death of the famous conductor, and his close personal friend, Hans von Bülow."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | International reputation",
"text": "He did not learn the outcome until December."
},
{
"section_header": "Literature based on his works",
"text": "Josef Škvorecký wrote Dvorak in Love about his life in America as Director of the National Conservatory for Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Europe and last years",
"text": "After her death he revised the coda of his Cello Concerto in her memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral works",
"text": "The first inspiration for creating this piece was the death of the composer's daughter, Josefa."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Songs",
"text": "Just a month earlier, he had been grieved to hear that his father was near death, far away in Bohemia."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral works",
"text": "\"The Te Deum, Op. 103, is a cantata for soprano and baritone solo, choir and orchestra to the Latin text of the famous hymn Te Deum (God, we laud You)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Symphonies",
"text": "After Dvořák's death, research uncovered four unpublished symphonies, of which the manuscript of the first had even been lost to the composer himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Concerti",
"text": "Brahms said of the work: \"Had I known that one could write a cello concerto like this, I would have written one long ago!\" Agreeing with Schonberg, the cellist and author Robert Battey wrote \"I believe it to be the greatest of all cello concertos... an opinion shared by most cellists\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has been described as \"arguably the most versatile... composer of his time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "But shortfalls in payment of his salary, along with increasing recognition in Europe and an onset of homesickness, led him to leave the United States and return to Bohemia in 1895."
}
] |
Dvorak was not famous until long after his death.
| 0 | 1 |
Antonín Dvořák
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Leslie Caron as a touchingly naïve French girl whose emotional relationship with a carnival puppeteer is conducted through the medium of four puppets."
}
] |
3Lq4IYdJp5y9MH2RqfjJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | The Man Who Hated People (short story)",
"text": "After her farewell show, she changes into her street dress."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lili takes the wedding ring to Marc and tells him that every little girl has to wake up from her girlish dreams."
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | The Man Who Hated People (short story)",
"text": "In particular, the abuse heaped by the puppeteer on the innocent \"girl\" is emotional and verbal."
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | The Man Who Hated People (short story)",
"text": "The story opens in a New York City television studio where Milly, a \"sweet-faced girl with [a] slightly harassed expression,\" is about to make her farewell appearance on the Peter and Panda show."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Naive country girl Lili (Leslie Caron) arrives in a provincial town in hopes of locating an old friend of her late father, only to find that he has died."
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | Love of Seven Dolls",
"text": "No ballet dancer, he was \"bred out of the gutters\" and by the age of 15 was \"a little savage practiced in all the cruel arts and swindles of the street fairs and cheap carnivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | Love of Seven Dolls",
"text": "\" They embrace, and Milly decides to say goodbye to \"the outside world—reality—Fred Archer\" and live with Villeridge and his created \"Never-Never Land of the mind.\" \"In Paris in the spring of our times, a young girl was about to throw herself into the Seine.\" Thus opens the novella from which the film Lili and the musical Carnival was drawn."
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | The Man Who Hated People (short story)",
"text": "It is lighter in tone than other versions of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | Love of Seven Dolls",
"text": "The Paul Gallico short story from which Lili was adapted was published in expanded form in 1954 as Love of Seven Dolls, a 125-page novella."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Leslie Caron as a touchingly naïve French girl whose emotional relationship with a carnival puppeteer is conducted through the medium of four puppets."
}
] |
Lili, is the story of a girl, hardened by the streets of France and her journey of survival.
| 2 | 4 |
Lili
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Glee Waner (April 16, 1903 – August 29, 1965), nicknamed \"Big Poison\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four teams between 1926 and 1945, most notably playing his first 15 seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
}
] |
3M9ZImIFAymiU7IbtCTc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "On January 31, 1941, Waner was signed by the Brooklyn Dodgers and would patrol the outfield with Hall of Famer Joe Medwick."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Glee Waner (April 16, 1903 – August 29, 1965), nicknamed \"Big Poison\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four teams between 1926 and 1945, most notably playing his first 15 seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Waner played baseball at East Central State Teachers College (now known as East Central University) in Ada, Oklahoma; he pitched to a 23–4 record with a 1.70 earned run average in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "He played 92 total games, 83 with the Dodgers and nine with the Yankees after being released by the former on September 1, batting .280"
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Traynor and Waner went to a bar before playing the Giants on May 19, and when Waner ordered a beer"
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "Two days later, the Dodgers signed him again."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "The 1927 season was a standout year for Paul."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "After 11 games he was released by the Dodgers after only hitting .171 with 6 hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "On August 26, Waner collected 6 hits in 6 at-bats during a game against the Giants, and he accomplished this feat using 6 different bats from 6 different players."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul and Lloyd also hold the record for most hits recorded by brothers (5,611)."
}
] |
American baseball player Paul Waner who played for the Brooklyn Dodgers was known as the "Wanderer" because of his infidelity.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul Waner
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", it is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's 1844 fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\"."
}
] |
3Mfzsgn2yhoaZAEoJMqa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Origins",
"text": "The animated sequences would be based on some of Andersen's best-known works, such as The Little Mermaid, The Little Match Girl, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, Thumbelina, The Ugly Duckling, The Red Shoes, and The Emperor's New Clothes."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Scandinavian and Sámi inspiration",
"text": "Arendelle was inspired by Nærøyfjord, a branch of Norway's longest fjord Sognefjorden, which has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site; while a castle in Oslo with beautiful hand-painted patterns on all four walls served as the inspiration for the kingdom's royal castle interior."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Scandinavian and Sámi inspiration",
"text": "Decorations, such as those on the castle pillars and Kristoff's sled, are also in styles inspired by Sámi duodji decorations."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Scandinavian and Sámi inspiration",
"text": "During their field work in Norway, Disney's team, for inspiration, visited Rørosrein, a Sámi family-owned company in the village Plassje that produces reindeer meat and arranges tourist events."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Writing",
"text": "Lee called her older sister \"my Elsa\" in an op-ed in the Los Angeles Times, and walked the red carpet with her at the 86th Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Scandinavian and Sámi inspiration",
"text": "According to Giaimo, there were three important factors that they had acquired from the Norway research trip: the fjords and the massive vertical rock formations characteristic of fjords, which serve as the setting for the secluded kingdom of Arendelle; the medieval stave churches, whose rustic triangular rooflines and shingles inspired the castle compound; and the rosemaling folk art, whose distinctive paneling and grid patterns informed the architecture, decor, and costumes."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Franchise",
"text": "On September 2, 2014, ABC broadcast The Story of Frozen: Making a Disney Animated Classic, a one-hour \"making of\" television special."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frozen underwent several story treatments before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Franchise",
"text": "Tour operators, including Adventures by Disney, added more Norway tours in response to rising demand during 2014.Meanwhile, the producers of Once Upon a Time (made by Disney-owned ABC Studios) independently conceived of and obtained authorization from both ABC and Disney for a Frozen-inspired crossover story arc in the show's fourth season, which was first revealed at the end of the show's third season in May 2014, which was broadcast in fall 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Writing",
"text": "At the story meeting where Ripa pitched his take on the story, Lasseter said, \"I've never seen anything like that before\", followed by a standing ovation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", it is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's 1844 fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\"."
}
] |
Frozen was inspired by the story The Red Shoes.
| 0 | 0 |
Frozen (2013 film)
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers."
}
] |
3Mix6dJddBUOOysyutnV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synthesis | Biological synthesis",
"text": "The synthesis of proteins involves multiple enzyme-mediated processes to transcribe genetic information from the DNA to RNA and subsequently translate that information to synthesize the specified protein from amino acids."
},
{
"section_header": "Synthesis | Modification of natural polymers",
"text": "Many commercially important polymers are synthesized by chemical modification of naturally occurring polymers."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Phase behavior | Mixing behavior",
"text": "This increase in entropy scales with the number of particles (or moles) being mixed."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Microstructure | Chain length",
"text": "This is a result of the increase in chain interactions such as van der Waals attractions and entanglements that come with increased chain length."
},
{
"section_header": "Synthesis",
"text": "Laboratory synthesis of biopolymers, especially of proteins, is an area of intensive research."
},
{
"section_header": "Synthesis | Biological synthesis",
"text": "The protein may be modified further following translation in order to provide appropriate structure and functioning."
},
{
"section_header": "Synthesis | Biological synthesis",
"text": "In living cells, they may be synthesized by enzyme-mediated processes, such as the formation of DNA catalyzed by DNA polymerase."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins that are fundamental to biological structure and function."
},
{
"section_header": "Common examples",
"text": "Many other structures do exist; for example, elements such as silicon form familiar materials such as silicones, examples being Silly Putty and waterproof plumbing sealant."
},
{
"section_header": "Standardized nomenclature",
"text": "For example, the polymer synthesized from the simple alkene ethene is called polyethene, retaining the -ene suffix even though the double bond is removed during the polymerization process: →"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers."
}
] |
Polymers come into being when proteins synthesize.
| 3 | 6 |
Polymer
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Before Things Fall Apart was published, most of the novels about Africa had been written by European authors, portraying Africans as savages who were in need of western enlightenment."
}
] |
3NCJPak31ehGDP3R3UDJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Before Things Fall Apart was published, most of the novels about Africa had been written by European authors, portraying Africans as savages who were in need of western enlightenment."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is regarded as a milestone in African literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "The publication of Achebe's Things Fall Apart helped pave the way for numerous other African writers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart was followed by a sequel, No Longer at Ease (1960), originally written as the second part of a larger work along with Arrow of God (1964)."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "In Things Fall Apart, western culture is portrayed as being \"arrogant and ethnocentric,\" insisting that the African culture needed a leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Ever Written'\". The 60th anniversary of the first publication of Things"
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Language choice",
"text": "Achebe wrote his novels in English because the written standard Igbo language was created by combining various dialects, creating a stilted written form."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Language choice",
"text": "While both African and non-African critics agree that Achebe modelled Things Fall Apart on classic European literature, they disagree about whether his novel upholds a Western model, or, in fact, subverts or confronts it."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Reviewers have praised Achebe's neutral narration and have described Things Fall Apart as a realistic novel."
}
] |
Things Fall Apart is important because it was written by a English author about African slaves.
| 5 | 8 |
Things Fall Apart
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC",
"text": "Rome demanded that if war were to be avoided, the Carthaginians must hand over all of their armaments."
},
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage",
"text": "There were 50,000 Carthaginian prisoners, a small proportion of the pre-war population, who were sold into slavery."
}
] |
3NllfAIxEHKomOTYEjMr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage",
"text": "He was reinforcing the will to resist in the Carthaginian citizens; from this point there could be no possibility of negotiations."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Armies",
"text": "Carthaginian citizens only served in their army if there was a direct threat to the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage",
"text": "The Roman army moved to lay siege to Carthage, but its walls were so strong and its citizen-militia so determined it was unable to make any impact, while the Carthaginians struck back effectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War, 218–201 BC | Italy | Roman allies defect, 216–205 BC",
"text": "It was the only time during the war that Carthage reinforced Hannibal."
},
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage",
"text": "The Carthaginians continued to resist vigorously: they constructed warships and during the summer twice gave battle to the Roman fleet, losing both times."
},
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage",
"text": "The main Roman camp was in a swamp, which caused an outbreak of disease during the summer."
},
{
"section_header": "First Punic War, 264–241 BC | Course | Roman victory, 243–241 BC",
"text": "Rome was also close to bankruptcy and the number of adult male citizens, who provided the manpower for the navy and the legions, had declined by 17 percent since the start of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Armies",
"text": "The close order Libyan infantry and the citizen-militia would fight in a tightly packed formation known as a phalanx."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Armies",
"text": "Most male Roman citizens were eligible for military service and would serve as infantry, a better-off minority providing a cavalry component."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "He accompanied the Roman general Scipio Aemilianus during his campaign in North Africa which resulted in the Roman victory in the Third Punic War."
},
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC",
"text": "Rome demanded that if war were to be avoided, the Carthaginians must hand over all of their armaments."
},
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage",
"text": "There were 50,000 Carthaginian prisoners, a small proportion of the pre-war population, who were sold into slavery."
}
] |
During the Punic Wars, 50k Carthaginian citizens were enslaved.
| 1 | 3 |
Punic Wars
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Controversies | \"Let it Go\" lawsuit",
"text": "On November 24, 2017, musical artist Jaime Ciero sued Demi Lovato, Idina Menzel, Walt Disney Animation Studios and others involved with the song \"Let it Go,\" accusing them of ripping off his 2008 single \"Volar.\" In May 2018, it was ruled in court that the original songwriters, Bobby Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez, would be released from the lawsuit due to the three-year statute of limitations for copyright claims."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures."
}
] |
3OG9PlQ6b58pXacb26Rc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural impact",
"text": "Sarah Barrett, managing director of the site, explained that while the film's popular heroine is called Anna, \"Elsa offers a more unique name and is also a strong female role model."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Commercial analysis",
"text": "I hoped the audience would embrace it and respond to it, but there's no way we could have predicted this.\" He cited a number of reasons for the film's popularity: \"There are characters that people relate to; the songs are so strong and memorable."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Animation",
"text": "\"We had a very short time schedule for this film, so our main focus was really to get the story right"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Commercial analysis",
"text": "\" As Frozen approached the first anniversary of its release, Menzel mentioned the film's continuing popularity in an October 2014 interview: \"It's just a remarkable thing."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Casting",
"text": "Bell was called in to re-record dialogue for the film \"probably 20 times,\" which is normal for lead roles in Disney animated films whose scripts are still evolving."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Technology development",
"text": "It's very organic how that happens."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Animation",
"text": "\"I actually film myself acting the scene out, which I find very helpful,\" said animation supervisor Rebecca Wilson Bresee."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural impact",
"text": "\"In May, columnist Joel Stein of Time magazine wrote about his young son Laszlo's frustration with the inescapable \"cultural assault\" of Frozen at preschool and all social and extracurricular activities, and how he had arranged for a Skype call with lead actress Bell after Laszlo began asking why the film was made."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural impact",
"text": "When Terry Gross brought up this phenomenon with songwriters Lopez and Anderson-Lopez in an April 2014 interview on NPR, they explained there was simply no way they could have known how popular their work on Frozen would become."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Technology development",
"text": "All of these different effects are very difficult to capture simultaneously."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Controversies | \"Let it Go\" lawsuit",
"text": "On November 24, 2017, musical artist Jaime Ciero sued Demi Lovato, Idina Menzel, Walt Disney Animation Studios and others involved with the song \"Let it Go,\" accusing them of ripping off his 2008 single \"Volar.\" In May 2018, it was ruled in court that the original songwriters, Bobby Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez, would be released from the lawsuit due to the three-year statute of limitations for copyright claims."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures."
}
] |
Frozen is a film and had a very popular song called "Let it Go."
| 0 | 0 |
Frozen (2013 film)
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apple is the world's largest technology company by revenue and one of the world's most valuable companies."
}
] |
3OGZnyXVfR2VsePZ4Fw9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Finance",
"text": "Apple is the world's largest information technology company by revenue, the world's largest technology company by total assets, and the world's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2011: Success with mobile devices",
"text": "It also introduced the smaller, cheaper second generation Apple TV which allowed renting of movies and shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Finance | Tax practices",
"text": "Apple Inc. claims to be the single largest taxpayer to the Department of the Treasury of the United States of America with an effective tax rate of approximately of 26% as of the second quarter of the Apple fiscal year 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1997–2007: Return to profitability",
"text": "SoundJam was Apple's second choice for the core of Apple's music software project, originally codenamed iMusic, behind Panic's Audion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apple is the world's largest technology company by revenue and one of the world's most valuable companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered one of the Big Tech technology companies, alongside Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Facebook."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Apple TV",
"text": "TV+ features exclusive original shows, movies, and documentaries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–present: Post–Steve Jobs era; Tim Cook leadership",
"text": "On May 12, 2016, Apple Inc., invested $1 billion in DiDi, a Chinese transportation network company."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Brand Semiotics",
"text": "Apple Inc. is well known for being an innovative company who challenge the status quo and established standards."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2011: Success with mobile devices",
"text": "During his keynote speech at the Macworld Expo on January 9, 2007, Jobs announced that Apple Computer, Inc. would thereafter be known as \"Apple Inc.\", because the company had shifted its emphasis from computers to consumer electronics."
}
] |
Apple Inc. was in the movie Forest Gump and is the second largest company behind Amazon.
| 1 | 3 |
Apple Inc.
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "Immediately after graduating from the University of Oregon, Knight enlisted in the army and served one year on active duty and seven years in the Army Reserve."
}
] |
3OQD6XeWr5rDFqYQWGDa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "Immediately after graduating from the University of Oregon, Knight enlisted in the army and served one year on active duty and seven years in the Army Reserve."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Knight is a graduate of the University of Oregon and Stanford Graduate School of Business."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Controversy",
"text": "He attended but did not graduate from UO, as he left the school with several credit hours still owing."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Stanford University",
"text": "Graduates are charged to tackle global challenges, such as climate change and poverty."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "He graduated with a master's degree in business administration from Stanford in 1962.Knight set out on a trip around the world after graduation, during which he made a stop in Kobe, Japan in November 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Stanford University",
"text": "In 2006, Knight donated US$105 million to the Stanford Graduate School of Business, which, at the time, was the largest ever individual donation to a U.S. business school."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Stanford University",
"text": "In 2016, it was announced that Knight contributed $400 million to start the Knight-Hennessy Scholars graduate-level education program inspired by the Rhodes Scholarship."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon",
"text": "Knight has donated hundreds of millions of dollars to the University of Oregon."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Controversy",
"text": "On February 16, 2001, the Oregon University System enacted a mandate that all institutions within the system choose business partners from a politically neutral standpoint, barring all universities in Oregon from joining either the WRC or the FLA."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks",
"text": "In November 2015, it was announced that Knight and his wife would be donating $19.2 million towards a new sports complex project at the University of Oregon."
}
] |
After graduating from the university of Oregon, he enlisted in the army.
| 1 | 7 |
Phil Knight
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The theme song, \"The Bad and the Beautiful\", penned by David Raksin, became a jazz standard and has been cited as an example of an excellent movie theme."
}
] |
3OecB0H3CpoIlr9XY7KC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Theme song",
"text": "After the film's release, the song became a hit and a jazz standard, and has been widely covered."
},
{
"section_header": "Theme song",
"text": "David Raksin wrote the theme song \"The Bad and the Beautiful\" (originally called \"Love is For the Very Young\") for the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The theme song, \"The Bad and the Beautiful\", penned by David Raksin, became a jazz standard and has been cited as an example of an excellent movie theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Theme song",
"text": "A number of film music experts and composers, including Stephen Sondheim, have highly praised the theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Theme song",
"text": "In a Chicago Tribune article about the theme entitled \"Anatomy of a Great Movie Theme\", critic Michael Phillips wrote, \"Its hypnotic way of combining dissonance with resolutions that never quite resolve when, or how, you expect them to, keeps a listener perpetually intrigued."
},
{
"section_header": "Theme song",
"text": "Upon first hearing the song, Minnelli and Houseman nearly rejected it, but were convinced to keep it by Adolph Green and Betty Comden."
},
{
"section_header": "Theme song",
"text": "The bittersweet quality proves elusive and addictive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Both films also feature performances of the song \"Don't Blame Me\", by Leslie Uggams in Two Weeks and by Peggy King in The Bad and the Beautiful."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bad and the Beautiful is a 1952 American melodrama that tells the story of a film producer who alienates all around him."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "I was doing well with these roles.\" The film was shot as Tribute to a Bad Man but the studio worried it would be mistaken for a western."
}
] |
The Bad and the Beautiful's theme song is a jazz composition.
| 0 | 3 |
The Bad and the Beautiful
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jude the Obscure is a novel by Thomas Hardy, which began as a magazine serial in December 1894 and was first published in book form in 1895."
}
] |
3OfhB3VTWiw1aBnE7RZv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, theatrical, and podcast adaptations",
"text": "A podcast called \"Obscure\" where Michael Ian Black reads Jude The Obscure with commentary, was released in May of 2018"
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, theatrical, and podcast adaptations",
"text": "A feature film, Jude (1996), directed by Michael Winterbottom, starring Christopher Eccleston and Kate Winslet"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "He is therefore prevented from gaining economic mobility and getting out of the working class."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, theatrical, and podcast adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been adapted into: A six-part television serial, Jude the Obscure (1971), directed by Hugh David, starring Robert Powell and Fiona Walker"
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, theatrical, and podcast adaptations",
"text": "A two-part musical stage adaptation of Jude the Obscure by Ian Finley (book), Bruce Benedict (music), Jonathan Fitts (music), and Jerome Davis (lyrics), premiered at Burning Coal Theatre Company in Raleigh, NC in April 2012"
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Called \"Jude the Obscene\" by at least one reviewer, Jude the Obscure received a harsh reception from some scandalized critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "In 1895, the book was published in London under its present title, Jude the Obscure (dated 1896)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The events of Jude the Obscure occur over a 19-year period, but no dates are specifically given in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jude the Obscure is a novel by Thomas Hardy, which began as a magazine serial in December 1894 and was first published in book form in 1895."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The unhappy marriages, the religious and philosophical questioning, and the social problems dealt with in Jude the Obscure appear in many other Hardy novels, as well as in Hardy's life."
}
] |
Jude the Obscure started out as a short film.
| 2 | 5 |
Jude the Obscure
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The film premiered on July 14, 1942 in New York City at the Astor Theatre, and was shown for one night only at \"forty neighborhood theatres."
}
] |
3P0pwJFbOQaMBjANdclX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical",
"text": "Baseball fans who hope to see much baseball played in Pride of the Yankees will be disappointed."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and other recognition",
"text": "Film Editor Daniel Mandell won an Academy Award for his work on The Pride of the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and other recognition",
"text": "Best Writing, Adapted ScreenplayThe American Film Institute ranked The Pride of the Yankees 22nd on its list of the 100 most inspiring films in American cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Pride of the Yankees is a 1942 American film produced by Samuel Goldwyn, directed by Sam Wood, and starring Gary Cooper, Teresa Wright, and Walter Brennan."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and other recognition",
"text": "In AFI's 2008 \"Ten Top Tens\"—the top ten films in ten \"classic\" American film genres—The Pride of the Yankees was ranked third in the sports category."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The film premiered on July 14, 1942 in New York City at the Astor Theatre, and was shown for one night only at \"forty neighborhood theatres."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "\" Preceding the film was the premiere of an animated short called How to Play Baseball, produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios at Goldwyn's request."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "\"Bosley Crowther of The New York Times called it a \"tender, meticulous and explicitly narrative film\" that \"inclines to monotony\" because of its length and devotion to \"genial details.\" The Pride of the Yankees was the 7th-highest grossing film of 1942, with $8.08 million in box office receipts."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations to other media",
"text": "The Pride of the Yankees was adapted as an hour-long radio play on the October 4, 1943 broadcast of Lux Radio Theater with Gary Cooper and Virginia Bruce and a September 30, 1949 broadcast of Screen Director's Playhouse starring Gary Cooper and Lurene Tuttle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a tribute to the legendary New York Yankees"
}
] |
The Pride of the Yankees did premier in NYC.
| 2 | 7 |
The Pride of the Yankees
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kerensky was married to Olga Lvovna Baranovskaya and they had two sons, Oleg and Gleb, who both went on to become engineers."
}
] |
3POIHj1OVHyWqI16M8GH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Alexander Kerensky was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) on the Volga River on 4 May 1881 and was the eldest son in the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kerensky was married to Olga Lvovna Baranovskaya and they had two sons, Oleg and Gleb, who both went on to become engineers."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian Provisional Government of 1917",
"text": "Many officers jokingly referred to commander-in-chief Kerensky as the \"persuader-in-chief\" On 2 July 1917 the Provisional Government's first coalition collapsed over the question of Ukraine's autonomy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "During the 4th Session of the Fourth Duma in spring 1915, Kerensky appealed to Rodzianko with a request from the Council of elders to inform the Tsar that to succeed in war he must: 1) change his domestic policy, 2) proclaim a General Amnesty for political prisoners,"
},
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "In response to bitter resentments held against the imperial favourite Grigori Rasputin in the midst of Russia's failing effort in World War I, Kerensky, at the opening of the Duma on 2 November 1916, called the imperial ministers \"hired assassins\" and \"cowards\", and alleged that they were \"guided by the contemptible Grishka Rasputin!\" Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich, Prince Lvov, and general Mikhail Alekseyev attempted to persuade the emperor Nicholas II to send away the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Rasputin's steadfast patron, either to the Livadia Palace in Yalta or to England."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kerensky then returned to the United States, where he spent the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2008 film The Admiral, Kerensky is portrayed by Viktor Verzhbitsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "According to Kerensky, Rasputin had terrorised the empress by threatening to return to his native village."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2019 Netflix series The Last Czars, Kerensky is portrayed by Kestutis Cicenas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Kerensky joined the Narodnik movement and worked as a legal counsel to victims of the Revolution of 1905."
}
] |
Kerensky wed and had 2 sons.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander Kerensky
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The following year, Germany's Nazi government dismissed Jews from university positions, and Noether moved to the United States to take up a position at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania."
}
] |
3PQp0FAj1zca5CZaDG3l
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "The minor planet 7001 Noether is named for Emmy Noether."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "In fiction, Emmy Nutter, the physics professor in \"The God Patent\" by Ransom Stephens, is based on Emmy Noether."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "A street in her hometown, Erlangen, has been named after Emmy Noether and her father, Max Noether."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She invariably used the name \"Emmy Noether\" in her life and publications."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics annually awards Emmy Noether"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The following year, Germany's Nazi government dismissed Jews from university positions, and Noether moved to the United States to take up a position at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Expulsion from Göttingen by the Third Reich",
"text": "At the University of Göttingen the German Student Association led the attack on the \"un-German spirit\" attributed to Jews and was aided by a privatdozent named Werner Weber, a former student of Noether."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Emmy Noether was born on 23 March 1882, the first of four children."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "The successor to the secondary school she attended in Erlangen has been renamed as the Emmy Noether School."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "In 2013, The European Physical Society established the Emmy Noether Distinction for Women in Physics."
}
] |
Emmy Noether was fired because she was a Jew.
| 1 | 3 |
Emmy Noether
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "My Ántonia ( AN-tə-nee-ə) is a novel published in 1918 by American writer Willa Cather, considered one of her best works."
}
] |
3PSFYqFZjZPSbj90jlPG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "She is happy with her brood and all the work of a farm wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Ántonia stops her lessons and begins to work the land with her older brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "My Antonia, a 1995 made-for-television movie, was adapted from the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Lena Lingard Hired girl come from the countryside to work as a dressmaker in Black Hawk."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Tiny Soderball Hired girl who came from the countryside to work at the Gardener Hotel in Black Hawk."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to the novel",
"text": "Brooks compares 2019 to that Russian winter in the 19th century where it was known that wolves have been attacking humans, and a vulnerable wedding party that is a \"bit drunk\" is being led by two men who are willing to do anything to survive, including throwing their friend and his wife to the wolves."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to the novel",
"text": "The French songwriter and singer, Dominique A, wrote a song inspired by the novel, called \"Antonia\" (from the LP Auguri, 2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "My Ántonia ( AN-tə-nee-ə) is a novel published in 1918 by American writer Willa Cather, considered one of her best works."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books",
"text": "-87352-520-5 Smith, Christopher (2001) Readings on My Antonia Greenhaven Press, San Diego, California, ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Articles",
"text": "3–25 Tellefsen, Blythe (1999) \"Blood in the Wheat: Willa Cather's My Antonia\" Studies in American Fiction 27(2): pp. 229–244"
}
] |
My Antonia has the reputation to be the the greatest work from its author.
| 0 | 6 |
My Antonia
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Jobs also never showed an interest in his Syrian heritage or the Middle East."
}
] |
3PzIv4P0AORLIsapFR8q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "\" Simpson told him that it was true and later commented, \"My father is thoughtful and a beautiful storyteller, but he is very, very passive ... He never contacted Steve.\" Because Simpson herself researched her Syrian roots and began to meet members of the family, she assumed that Jobs would eventually want to meet their father, but he never did."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Jobs also never showed an interest in his Syrian heritage or the Middle East."
},
{
"section_header": "1985–1997 | NeXT computer",
"text": "This put considerable strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the release of NeXTSTEP/Intel."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Birth",
"text": "Many years later, Steve Jobs's wife Laurene also noted that \"he felt he had been really blessed by having the two of them as parents."
},
{
"section_header": "1985–1997 | NeXT computer",
"text": "Eventually, Jobs attracted the attention of billionaire Ross Perot, who invested heavily in the company."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jobs was born in San Francisco, California, and put up for adoption."
},
{
"section_header": "1985–1997 | NeXT computer",
"text": "Jobs ran NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by the development of and attention to NeXTcube's magnesium case."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "He was Syrian. He was Syrian. Balding. We shook hands.\" However, Jobs still did not want to meet Jandali because \"I was a wealthy man by then, and I didn't trust him not to try to blackmail me or go to the press about it ... I asked Mona not to tell him about me.\" Jandali later discovered his relationship to Jobs through an online blog."
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems",
"text": "Despite his diagnosis, Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for medical intervention for nine months, instead relying on alternative medicine to thwart the disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems",
"text": "Jobs yelled, \"I'll never let you do that."
}
] |
Despite having Syrian roots, Steve Jobs never put attention to it.
| 1 | 3 |
Steve Jobs
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on his earlier short story \"Phineas\", published in the May 1956 issue of Cosmopolitan, it was Knowles's first published novel and became his best-known work."
}
] |
3QGAgVkFTCFByaMeXiFu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Gene Forrester: A Separate Peace is told from Gene's point of view."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Separate Peace is a coming-of-age novel by John Knowles, published in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Assertions of homoerotic overtones",
"text": "Though frequently taught in U.S. high schools, curricula related to A Separate Peace typically ignore a possible homoerotic reading in favor of engaging with the book as a historical novel or coming-of-age story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on his earlier short story \"Phineas\", published in the May 1956 issue of Cosmopolitan, it was Knowles's first published novel and became his best-known work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set against the backdrop of World War II, A Separate Peace explores morality, patriotism, and loss of innocence through its narrator, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Assertions of homoerotic overtones",
"text": "It would have changed everything, it wouldn’t have been the same story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Finny at first dismisses Gene's attempts to apologize, but he soon realizes that the \"accident\" was impulsive and not premeditated or anger based."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Back in the present, an older Gene muses on peace, war, and enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The remainder of the story revolves around Gene's attempts to come to grips with who he is, why he shook the branch, and how he will proceed."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "One of Finny's ideas during their \"gypsy summer\" of 1942 is to create a \"Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session\", with Gene and himself as charter members."
}
] |
A Separate Peace was not based on any story.
| 4 | 5 |
A Separate Peace
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the early 1960s, they researched and retraced Solomon Northup's journey and co-edited a historically annotated version that was published by Louisiana State University Press (1968).The memoir has been adapted as two film versions, produced as the 1984 PBS television film Solomon Northup's Odyssey and the Oscar-winning 2013 film 12 Years a Slave."
}
] |
3QLMDNO0qCWDpDyOTWjH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twelve Years a Slave is an 1853 memoir and slave narrative by American Solomon Northup as told to and edited by David Wilson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the early 1960s, they researched and retraced Solomon Northup's journey and co-edited a historically annotated version that was published by Louisiana State University Press (1968).The memoir has been adapted as two film versions, produced as the 1984 PBS television film Solomon Northup's Odyssey and the Oscar-winning 2013 film 12 Years a Slave."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions and adaptations | Film",
"text": "12 Years a Slave (2013), a feature film directed by Steve McQueen and starring Chiwetel Ejiofor."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions and adaptations | Audiobook",
"text": "Twelve Years a Slave public domain audiobook at LibriVox Twelve Years"
},
{
"section_header": "Editions and adaptations | Film",
"text": "Solomon Northup's Odyssey (1984), a PBS television film directed by Gordon Parks and starring Avery Brooks."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions and adaptations | Text",
"text": "The book was expanded and re-issued by Praeger in August 2013 as Solomon Northup: The Complete Story of the Author of Twelve Years a Slave, ISBN 978-1440829741, with co-authors Fiske, Clifford W. Brown, and Rachel Seligman."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "After about two years of enslavement, Northup was sold to Edwin Epps, a notoriously cruel cotton planter."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In his home town of Saratoga, New York, Solomon Northup, a free negro who was a skilled carpenter and violinist, was approached by two circus promoters."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and historical value",
"text": "It \"sold three times as many copies as Frederick Douglass's slave narrative in its first two years."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Northup subsequently had several other owners, less humane than Ford, during his twelve-year bondage."
}
] |
The novel Twelve Years a Slave by American Solomon Northup has been made into two films.
| 0 | 0 |
12 Years a Slave
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory regarding the relationship between space and time."
}
] |
3QfZCT9L9vgM5TWJQvU2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dynamics | Equivalence of mass and energy",
"text": "Similarly, the mass of an object can be increased by taking in kinetic energies."
},
{
"section_header": "Traditional \"two postulates\" approach to special relativity",
"text": "Following Einstein's original presentation of special relativity in 1905, many different sets of postulates have been proposed in various alternative derivations."
},
{
"section_header": "Dynamics | Equivalence of mass and energy",
"text": "In addition to the papers referenced above—which give derivations of the Lorentz transformation and describe the foundations of special relativity—Einstein also wrote at least four papers giving heuristic arguments for the equivalence (and transmutability) of mass and energy, for E = mc2. Mass–energy equivalence is a consequence of special relativity."
},
{
"section_header": "Dynamics | Equivalence of mass and energy",
"text": "The energy content of an object at rest with mass m equals mc2."
},
{
"section_header": "Optical effects | Relativistic Doppler effect | Transverse Doppler effect",
"text": "Both variants can be analyzed using simple time dilation arguments."
},
{
"section_header": "Dynamics | Equivalence of mass and energy",
"text": "As such, the Newtonian mass of an object, which is the ratio of the momentum to the velocity for slow velocities, is equal to E/c2."
},
{
"section_header": "Lorentz invariance as the essential core of special relativity | Graphical representation of the Lorentz transformation",
"text": "Spacetime diagrams (Minkowski diagrams) are an extremely useful aid to visualizing how coordinates transform between different reference frames."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical discussion of spacetime | Physics in spacetime | Transformations of physical quantities between reference frames",
"text": "Recognizing other physical quantities as tensors simplifies their transformation laws."
},
{
"section_header": "Dynamics | Equivalence of mass and energy",
"text": "Conservation of energy implies that, in any reaction, a decrease of the sum of the masses of particles must be accompanied by an increase in kinetic energies of the particles after the reaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory regarding the relationship between space and time."
}
] |
Special relativity does analyze the difference between mass and weight in physics.
| 0 | 4 |
Special relativity
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I."
}
] |
3R2eVEPlLBNoh2NahU4e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "Beneath the Arc is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. Interred on Armistice Day 1920, it has the first eternal flame lit in Western and Eastern Europe since the Vestal Virgins' fire was extinguished in the fourth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "A ceremony is held at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier every 11 November on the anniversary of the Armistice of 11 November 1918 signed by the Entente Powers and Germany in 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "In 1961, U.S. President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy paid their respects at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, accompanied by President Charles de Gaulle."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "It was originally decided on 12 November 1919 to bury the unknown soldier's remains in the Panthéon, but a public letter-writing campaign led to the decision to bury him beneath the Arc de Triomphe."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "POUR LA PATRIE 1914–1918 (\"Here lies a French soldier who died for the fatherland 1914–1918\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "It burns in memory of the dead who were never identified (now in both world wars)."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "The coffin was put in the chapel on the first floor of the Arc on 10 November 1920, and put in its final resting place on 28 January 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "The slab on top bears the inscription ICI REPOSE UN SOLDAT FRANÇAIS MORT"
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "After the 1963 assassination of President Kennedy, Mrs Kennedy remembered the eternal flame at the Arc de Triomphe and requested that an eternal flame be placed next to her husband's grave at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia."
}
] |
The tomb of the Unknown Soldier is beneath it's vault.
| 0 | 1 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Moll Flanders is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published in 1722."
}
] |
3RAuq1meDkiu6Ez4L7Hx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism",
"text": "\" Publications of the Modern Language Association of America (1995): 1023–1034 online."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism",
"text": "Includes a chapter on Moll Flanders."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages, relationships, and children | Incestuous undertones",
"text": "this continued for sixteen or seventeen weeks . . .\" (69)), often feigning sickness, until the younger brother makes his intentions public with the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism",
"text": "Watt, Ian \"The Recent Critical Fortunes of Moll Flanders\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "A later American adaptation, Moll Flanders (1996) starred Robin Wright Penn as Moll Flanders and Morgan Freeman as Hibble, with Stockard Channing as Mrs. Allworthy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Moll Flanders is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published in 1722."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She becomes well known among those \"in the trade,\" and is given the name Moll Flanders."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Defoe, Daniel. Defoe, Daniel. Moll Flanders. (Wordsworth Classics, 2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism",
"text": "online Chaber, Lois A. \"Matriarchal Mirror: Women and Capital in Moll Flanders\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Her mother is eventually transported to Colonial United States, and Moll Flanders (not her birth name"
}
] |
Moll Flanders initial publication date was in the 1700's.
| 2 | 5 |
Moll Flanders
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Christopher Handy (November 16, 1873 – March 28, 1958) was a composer and musician who referred to himself as the Father of the Blues."
}
] |
3RGZbnZbEdzLVYfm7CDr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Handy was one of the most influential songwriters in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Christopher Handy (November 16, 1873 – March 28, 1958) was a composer and musician who referred to himself as the Father of the Blues."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Citing 2003 as \"the centennial anniversary of when W.C. Handy composed the first blues music\" the United States Senate in 2002 passed a resolution declaring the year beginning February 1, 2003 as the \"Year of the Blues\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He wrote three other books: Blues: An Anthology: Complete Words and Music of 53 Great Songs, Book of Negro Spirituals, and Negro Authors and Composers of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "It is an early attempt to record, analyze, and describe the blues as an integral part of the South and the history of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "While in New York City, Handy wrote: I was under the impression that these Negro musicians would jump at the chance to patronize one of their own publishers."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "On May 17, 1969, the United States Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The movie was filmed in June and was shown in movie houses throughout the United States from 1929 to 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of many musicians who played the distinctively American blues music, Handy did not create the blues genre but was the first to publish music in the blues form, thereby taking the blues from a regional music style (Delta blues) with a limited audience to a new level of popularity."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "This meant that in writing a melody to be sung in the blues manner one would have to provide gaps or waits.\" Writing about the first time \"Saint Louis Blues\" was played, in 1914, Handy said, The one-step and other dances had been done to the tempo of Memphis Blues."
}
] |
W.C. Handy was a composer and musician who referred to himself as the Father of the Blues, and was one of the most influential songwriters in the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
W.C. Handy
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modern Sparta is the capital of the southern Greek region of Laconia and a center for processing citrus and olives."
}
] |
3Ru6EZjHAWUrP3jL02ax
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sparta (Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, Spártā; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, Spártē) was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Sparta",
"text": "In later Classical times, Sparta along with Athens, Thebes, and Persia were the main powers fighting for supremacy in the northeastern Mediterranean."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "This term could be used synonymously with Sparta, but typically it denoted the terrain in which the city was located."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology",
"text": "As king, he named his country after himself and the city after his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The ancient Greeks used one of three words to refer to the Spartan city-state and its location."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Lakedaimona was until 2006 the name of a province in the modern Greek prefecture of Laconia."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The earliest attested term referring to Lacedaemon is the Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀐𐀅𐀖𐀛𐀍, ra-ke-da-mi-ni-jo, \"Lacedaimonian\", written in Linear B syllabic script, the equivalent of the later Greek Λακεδαιμόνιος, Lakedaimonios (Latin: Lacedaemonius)."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The second word, \"Lacedaemon\" (Λακεδαίμων), was often used as an adjective and is the name referenced in the works of Homer and the historians Herodotus and Thucydides."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "For example, Hesychius of Alexandria's Lexicon (5th century CE) defines Agiadae as a \"place in Lacedaemonia\" named after Agis."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Sparta",
"text": "Sparta entered its long-term decline after a severe military defeat to Epaminondas of Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modern Sparta is the capital of the southern Greek region of Laconia and a center for processing citrus and olives."
}
] |
Sparta was a prominent city in Greece and later named Thebes.
| 2 | 3 |
Sparta
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Paris robbery",
"text": "On October 2, 2016, while attending Paris Fashion Week, Kardashian was robbed at gunpoint in the apartment where she was staying."
}
] |
3RxNPYUVnpqbJfRN7cp7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Paris robbery",
"text": "On October 2, 2016, while attending Paris Fashion Week, Kardashian was robbed at gunpoint in the apartment where she was staying."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early endorsements (2010–2013)",
"text": "With sisters Kourtney and Khloé, Kardashian is involved in the retail and fashion industries."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She attended Marymount High School, a Roman Catholic all-girls school in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Focus on social media (2014–present)",
"text": "The app was a best-seller, becoming one of the top 5 most bought apps that week."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and pregnancies",
"text": "She suffered pre-eclampsia during her first pregnancy, which forced her to deliver at 34 weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Footnotes",
"text": "Shared with Kourtney, Khloe, Rob and KrisC ^"
},
{
"section_header": "Footnotes",
"text": "Shared with Kourtney, Khloe, Rob and KrisD ^"
},
{
"section_header": "Footnotes",
"text": "Shared with Kourtney, Khloe, Rob and KrisE ^"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has an older sister, Kourtney, a younger sister, Khloé, and a younger brother, Rob."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Advocacy",
"text": "During an interview with Caity Weaver of GQ for the July 2016 issue, Kardashian described herself as a Democrat, and declared support for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 US Presidential Election."
}
] |
Kim Kardashian was robbed in Milan in 2016 while attending the fashion week.
| 2 | 4 |
Kim Kardashian
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Handel composed more than forty opera serias in over thirty years, and since the late 1960s, with the revival of baroque music and historically informed musical performance, interest in Handel's operas has grown."
}
] |
3Su5FhLtGYmnD1Zp9CSY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (; born Georg Friederich Händel"
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Family",
"text": "His father, aged sixty-three when George Frideric was born, was an eminent barber-surgeon who served the court of Saxe-Weissenfels and the Margraviate of Brandenburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Catalogues",
"text": "Also incomplete was the collection produced between 1843 and 1858 by the English Handel Society (founded by Sir George Macfarren)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Family",
"text": "Two younger sisters were born after the birth of George Frideric: Dorthea Sophia, born 6 October 1687, and Johanna Christiana, born 10 January 1690."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The original form of his name, Georg Friedrich Händel, is generally used in Germany and elsewhere, but he is known as \"Haendel\" in France."
},
{
"section_header": "From Halle to Italy",
"text": "He produced two other operas, Daphne and Florindo, in 1708."
},
{
"section_header": "From Halle to Italy",
"text": "His first two operas, Almira and Nero, were produced in 1705."
},
{
"section_header": "From Halle to Italy",
"text": "Rodrigo, his first all-Italian opera, was produced in the Cocomero theatre in Florence in 1707."
},
{
"section_header": "Move to London | Oratorio",
"text": "In 1736 Handel produced Alexander's Feast."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "In 1751 one eye started to fail."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Handel composed more than forty opera serias in over thirty years, and since the late 1960s, with the revival of baroque music and historically informed musical performance, interest in Handel's operas has grown."
}
] |
George Frideric Handel was known to produce one opera series per year.
| 0 | 0 |
George Frideric Handel
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gadsden Purchase (Spanish: la Venta de La Mesilla \" The Sale of La Mesilla\"), is a 29,670-square-mile (76,800 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854."
}
] |
3T84zMZKYIEd57VqOdKX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Civil War",
"text": "The new American Arizona Territory also included most of the lands acquired in the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Economic development",
"text": "Texans were impressed with the grazing possibilities offered by the Gadsden Purchase country of Arizona."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "The Southern Pacific Railroad from Los Angeles reached Yuma, Arizona, in 1877, Tucson, Arizona in March 1880, Deming, New Mexico in December 1880, and El Paso in May 1881, the first railroad across the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Isthmus of Tehuantepec",
"text": "United States interest in the right-of-way increased in 1848 after the gold strikes in the Sierra Nevada, which led to the California Gold Rush."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "The portion of the Southern Pacific in Arizona was originally largely in the Gadsden Purchase but the western part was later rerouted north of the Gila River to serve the city of Phoenix (as part of the agreement in purchasing the EP&SW)."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Civil War",
"text": "In 1861, during the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America formed the Confederate Territory of Arizona, including in the new territory mainly areas acquired by the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Arizona cities of Tucson and Yuma are on territory acquired by the U.S. in the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "During the early twentieth century, a number of short-lines usually associated with mining booms were built in the Gadsden Purchase to Ajo, Silverbell, Twin Buttes, Courtland, Gleeson, Arizona, Shakespeare, New Mexico, and other mine sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "The remainder of the Gila Valley pre-Purchase border area was traversed by the Arizona Eastern Railway by 1899 and the Copper Basin Railway by 1904."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Economic development",
"text": "Arizona Territorial Governor Frémont investigated the Mexican government's allegations and accused them in turn of allowing outlaws to use Sonora as a base of operations for raiding into Arizona."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gadsden Purchase (Spanish: la Venta de La Mesilla \" The Sale of La Mesilla\"), is a 29,670-square-mile (76,800 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854."
}
] |
Gadsden Purchase was a region of present-day Arizona and Nevada.
| 0 | 0 |
Gadsden Purchase
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He qualifies for special training and becomes a U.S. Navy SEALs sniper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is loosely based on the memoir American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History (2012) by Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice."
}
] |
3TPWWzvKXEiiqqcKuAHf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "In Italy the film opened at number two with $7.1 million, Eastwood's best opening of all time, and Warner Bros.' second-biggest opening for a non-franchise U.S. film there; it went on to top the box office the following weekend as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 87th Academy Awards, American Sniper received six nominations, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Actor for Cooper, ultimately winning one award for Best Sound Editing."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "On May 7, shooting of the film was spotted around El Centro; a milk factory was used as the abandoned date factory which insurgents close in on from all directions at the climax of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Kyle meets Taya Studebaker at a bar, and the two soon marry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Growing up in Texas, Chris Kyle is taught by his father how to shoot a rifle and hunt deer."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "the Extra-Terrestrial, Toy Story 3, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King and The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Years later, on February 2, 2013, Kyle says goodbye to his wife and family as he leaves in good spirits to spend time with a veteran at a shooting range."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "It earned as much as the combined earnings of all of the other 2014 Best Picture nominees."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Another former Navy SEAL, Joel Lambert, also joined the film, portraying a Delta sniper."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" Elizabeth Weitzman of New York Daily News gave the film four out of five stars, saying \"The best movies are ever-shifting, intelligent and open-hearted enough to expand alongside an audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He qualifies for special training and becomes a U.S. Navy SEALs sniper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is loosely based on the memoir American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History (2012) by Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice."
}
] |
The film is about two men competing in a shooting competition to determine who is the best sniper.
| 0 | 0 |
American Sniper
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Construction lasted from 1819 to 1824."
}
] |
3TW5sTdV1Fp7Lk1MJD1a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1816 to January 1836."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of charter",
"text": "The Second Bank of the United States was America's central bank, comparable to the Bank of England and the Bank of France, with one key distinction – the United States government owned one-fifth (20%) of its capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Failing to secure recharter, the Second Bank of the United States became a private corporation in 1836, and underwent liquidation in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "BUS regulatory mechanisms",
"text": "The primary regulatory task of the Second Bank of the United States, as chartered by Congress in 1816, was to restrain the uninhibited proliferation of paper money (bank notes) by state or private lenders, which was highly profitable to these institutions."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Strickland's design for the Second Bank of the United States is in essence based on the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, and is a significant early and monumental example of Greek Revival architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | State bank",
"text": "A shortage of hard currency ensued, causing the Panic of 1837 and lasting approximately seven years."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The Greek Revival style used for the Second Bank contrasts with the earlier, Federal style in architecture used for the First Bank of the United States, which also still stands and is located nearby in Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The architect of the Second Bank of the United States was William Strickland (1788–1854), a former student of Benjamin Latrobe (1764–1820), the man who is often called the first professionally trained American architect."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jackson's Bank War",
"text": "Jackson proceeded to destroy the bank as a financial and political force by removing its federal deposits, and in 1833, federal revenue was diverted into selected private banks by executive order, ending the regulatory role of the Second Bank of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "Old Republicans, represented by John Taylor of Caroline and John Randolph of Roanoke characterized the Second Bank of the United States as both constitutionally illegitimate and a direct threat to Jeffersonian agrarianism, state sovereignty and the institution of slavery, expressed by Taylor's statement that \"...if Congress could incorporate a bank, it might emancipate a slave\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Construction lasted from 1819 to 1824."
}
] |
The Second Bank of the United States was built in 5 years.
| 2 | 4 |
Second Bank of the United States
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It examines the events leading to the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy and alleged cover-up through the eyes of former New Orleans district attorney Jim Garrison (Kevin Costner)."
}
] |
3TY9f1ZGnG2ddhZ9HLSy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "In 2012, the Motion Picture Editors Guild listed the film as the ninth best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It examines the events leading to the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy and alleged cover-up through the eyes of former New Orleans district attorney Jim Garrison (Kevin Costner)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "This is followed by a summary of John F. Kennedy's years as president, emphasizing the events that, in Stone's thesis, would lead to his assassination."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "\" Jack Valenti, then president and chief executive of the Motion Picture Association of America, denounced Stone's film in a seven-page statement."
},
{
"section_header": "Legislative impact",
"text": "The final report of the Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB) partially credited concern over the conclusions in JFK with the passage of the President John F. Kennedy"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "\"Time ran its own critique of the film-in-progress on June 10, 1991 and alleged that Stone was trying to suppress a rival JFK assassination film based on Don DeLillo's 1988 novel Libra."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "X explains that the President was killed because he wanted to pull the United States out of the Vietnam War and dismantle the CIA."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Editing",
"text": "Years after its release, Stone said of the film that it \"was the beginning of a new era for me in terms of film making because it's not just about a conspiracy to kill John Kennedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "\"Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times went on to name Stone's film as the best film of the year and one of the top ten films of the decade, as well as one of The Great Movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "\" Pat Dowell, veteran film critic for The Washingtonian, had her 34-word capsule review for the January issue rejected by her editor John Limpert on the grounds that he did not want a positive review for a film he felt was \"preposterous\" associated with the magazine."
}
] |
JFK (film) examines the events leading to the election of United States President John F. Kennedy, in which the Motion Picture Editors Guild listed the film as the ninth best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership.
| 0 | 0 |
JFK (film)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"the Red Devils\", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910."
}
] |
3V863EfK8DpRKt45T05Z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Manchester United Women",
"text": "In 2018, Manchester United formed a new women's football team, which entered the second division of women's football in England for their debut season."
},
{
"section_header": "Manchester United Women",
"text": "A team called Manchester United Supporters Club Ladies began operations in the late 1970s and was unofficially recognised as the club's senior women's team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"the Red Devils\", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Crest and colours",
"text": "The devil stems from the club's nickname \"The Red Devils\"; it was included on club programmes and scarves in the 1960s, and incorporated into the club crest in 1970, although the crest was not included on the chest of the shirt until 1971.Newton Heath's uniform in 1879, four years before the club played its first competitive match, has been documented as 'white with blue cord'."
},
{
"section_header": "Manchester United Women",
"text": "The team made an official partnership with Manchester United in 2001, becoming the club's official women's team; however, in 2005, following Malcolm Glazer's takeover, the club was disbanded as it was seen to be \"unprofitable\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world, and has rivalries with Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal and Leeds United."
},
{
"section_header": "Grounds | 1910–present: Old Trafford",
"text": "Manchester United has the second highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances",
"text": "Even after the cut, Manchester United was valued at $2.3 billion, making it the most valuable football club in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Support",
"text": "Manchester United is one of the most popular football clubs in the world, with one of the highest average home attendances in Europe."
}
] |
Manchester United Football Club is a soccer team in England and they are called the Blue Devils.
| 0 | 0 |
Manchester United F.C.
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Steve McQueen was Spielberg's first choice."
}
] |
3VOjdVqCA2YkoSpFie6A
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Richard Dreyfuss as Roy Neary, an electrical lineman in Indiana who encounters and forms an obsession with unidentified flying objects."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "Spielberg's screenplay, Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon and the visual effects department received nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The film's origins can be traced to director Steven Spielberg's youth, when he and his father watched a meteor shower in New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Internationally renowned as a film director, this was Truffaut's only acting role in a film he did not direct as well as his only role in an English language film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Incidentally, Williams briefly included the song's signature melody in the score at Spielberg's behest, just before Roy Neary turns to board the mothership."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "The film received four more nominations at the 35th Golden Globe Awards: Best Director (Steven Spielberg); Best Film – Drama; Best Original Score (John Williams); and Best Screenplay (Steven Spielberg)."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Devils Tower parallels Mount Sinai, the aliens as God and Roy Neary as Moses."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "In his interview with Spielberg on Inside the Actors Studio, James Lipton suggested Close Encounters had another, more personal theme for Spielberg: \"Your father was a computer engineer; your mother was a concert pianist, and when the spaceship lands, they make music together on the computer\", suggesting that Roy Neary's boarding the spaceship is Spielberg's wish to be reunited with his parents."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "Warner).At the 32nd British Academy Film Awards, Close Encounters won Best Production Design, and was nominated for Best Film, Direction, Screenplay, Actor in a Supporting Role (François Truffaut), Music, Cinematography, Editing, and Sound."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Steve McQueen was Spielberg's first choice."
}
] |
For the role of Roy Neary, actor Richard Dreyfuss was not director Steven Spielberg's initial preference.
| 0 | 5 |
Close Encounters of the Third Kind
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The layout of Chichen Itza site core developed during its earlier phase of occupation, between 750 and 900 AD."
}
] |
3VRgJaI5fmiv1MC4a34h
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "There were now hundreds, if not thousands, of visitors every year to Chichen Itza, and more were expected with the development of the Cancún resort area to the east."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The layout of Chichen Itza site core developed during its earlier phase of occupation, between 750 and 900 AD."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Its final layout was developed after 900 AD, and the 10th century saw the rise of the city as a regional capital controlling the area from central Yucatán to the north coast, with its power extending down the east and west coasts of the peninsula."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern history",
"text": "For 30 years, Thompson explored the ancient city."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chichen Itza was a major focal point in the Northern Maya Lowlands from the Late Classic (c. AD 600–900) through the Terminal Classic (c. AD 800–900) and into the early portion of the Postclassic period (c. AD 900–1200)."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "In the 1980s, Chichen Itza began to receive an influx of visitors on the day of the spring equinox."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline",
"text": "Archaeological data now indicates that Chichen Itza declined as a regional center by 1100, before the rise of Mayapan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern history",
"text": "In 1923, the Mexican government awarded the Carnegie Institution a 10-year permit (later extended another 10 years) to allow U.S. archaeologists to conduct extensive excavation and restoration of Chichen Itza."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "In the early 1920s, a group of Yucatecans, led by writer/photographer Francisco Gomez Rul, began working toward expanding tourism to Yucatán."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "In his first year Barbachano Peon reportedly was only able to convince seven passengers to leave the ship and join him on a tour."
}
] |
It began its development before the year 1000 AD.
| 0 | 0 |
Chichen Itza
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He often sang smutty lyrics and used the nickname \"Jelly Roll\", which was African-American slang for female genitalia."
}
] |
3VUQZknHGgslr4vpoVhE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Representation in other media",
"text": "\" The reference is thought to be to the childhood memory of listening to his father's Morton recordings."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Morton's tango \"The Crave\" was popular in Hollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Morton's claim to have invented jazz in 1902 was criticized."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "RCA Victor did not renew Morton's recording contract for 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Form and compositions",
"text": "Morton's playing was also close to barrelhouse, which produced boogie-woogie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Music critic Scott Yanow wrote, \"Jelly Roll Morton did himself a lot of harm posthumously by exaggerating his worth... Morton's accomplishments as an early innovator are so vast that he did not really need to stretch the truth.\" Gunther Schuller says of Morton's \"hyperbolic assertions\" that there is \"no proof to the contrary\" and that Morton's \"considerable accomplishments in themselves provide reasonable substantiation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Morton's birth date and year of birth are uncertain, given that no birth certificate was ever issued for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Lomax was interested in Morton's days in Storyville, New Orleans, and the ribald songs of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Representation in other media",
"text": "1–8 (8-CD Box Set) (Rounder, 2005) Jelly Roll Morton's Last Night at the Jungle Inn: An Imaginary Memoir (1984), by the ethnomusicologist and folklorist Samuel Charters, embellishing Morton's early stories about his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "After Morton's grandmother found out he was playing jazz in a brothel, she disowned him for disgracing the Lamothe name."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He often sang smutty lyrics and used the nickname \"Jelly Roll\", which was African-American slang for female genitalia."
}
] |
"Jelly Roll" Morton's moniker references a particular women's sex organ.
| 3 | 3 |
Jelly Roll Morton
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Gene Forrester returns to his old prep school, Devon (a thinly veiled portrayal of Knowles's alma mater, Phillips Exeter Academy) 15 years after he graduated, to visit two places he regards as \"fearful sites\": a flight of marble stairs and a big tree by the river from which he caused his friend, Phineas, to fall."
}
] |
3VuOpDWAlXoYE11VJHmQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set against the backdrop of World War II, A Separate Peace explores morality, patriotism, and loss of innocence through its narrator, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Assertions of homoerotic overtones",
"text": "Though frequently taught in U.S. high schools, curricula related to A Separate Peace typically ignore a possible homoerotic reading in favor of engaging with the book as a historical novel or coming-of-age story."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Gene Forrester: A Separate Peace is told from Gene's point of view."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Separate Peace is a coming-of-age novel by John Knowles, published in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Back in the present, an older Gene muses on peace, war, and enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The two forgive each other. The next day, Finny dies during the operation to set the bone when bone marrow enters his bloodstream during the surgery."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "During a meeting of the Golden Fleece Debating Society, Brinker sets up a show trial of sorts and, based upon his shaking of the branch, accuses Gene of trying to kill Finny."
},
{
"section_header": "Assertions of homoerotic overtones",
"text": "For example, the book was challenged in the Vernon-Verona-Sherill, NY School District (1980) as a \"filthy, trashy sex novel\" despite having no substantial female characters and describing no sexual activity."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Gene Forrester returns to his old prep school, Devon (a thinly veiled portrayal of Knowles's alma mater, Phillips Exeter Academy) 15 years after he graduated, to visit two places he regards as \"fearful sites\": a flight of marble stairs and a big tree by the river from which he caused his friend, Phineas, to fall."
}
] |
A Separate Peace is set at boarding school.
| 0 | 0 |
A Separate Peace
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Republicans loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, in alliance with anarchists, of the communist and syndicalist variety, fought against a revolt by the Nationalists, an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives and Catholics, led by a military group among whom General Francisco Franco soon achieved a preponderant role."
}
] |
3WK4rxEbFAoyxPruEFF0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Course of the war | 1937",
"text": "The dispute was between an ultimately victorious government—Communist forces and the anarchist CNT."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "PSOE's left wing socialists started to take action."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The revolutionary left-wing masses took to the streets and freed prisoners."
},
{
"section_header": "Consequences | International relations",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War, Payne argues, was thus a much more clear-cut revolutionary/counterrevolutionary battle between the left and right, while the Second World War initially had the fascists and communists on the same side with the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Eastern Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The causal factors were increased resentment of the incumbent government caused by a controversial decree implementing land reform and by the Casas Viejas incident, and the formation of a right-wing alliance, Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups (CEDA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Combatants",
"text": "The war was cast by Republican sympathisers as a struggle between tyranny and freedom, and by Nationalist supporters as communist and anarchist red hordes versus Christian civilisation."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement | Support for the Republicans | Soviet Union",
"text": "Communist figures including Vittorio Vidali (\"Comandante Contreras\"), Iosif Grigulevich, Mikhail Koltsov and, most prominently, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Orlov led operations that included the murders of Catalan anti-Stalinist Communist politician Andrés Nin, the socialist journalist Mark Rein, and the independent left-wing activist José Robles."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In November 1933, the right-wing parties won the general election."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement | Support for the Republicans | France",
"text": "Right-wing politicians opposed any aid and attacked the Blum government."
},
{
"section_header": "Combatants",
"text": "Spanish politics, especially on the left, was quite fragmented: on the one hand socialists and communists supported the republic but on the other, during the republic, anarchists had mixed opinions, though both major groups opposed the Nationalists during the Civil War; the latter, in contrast, were united by their fervent opposition to the Republican government and presented a more unified front."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Republicans loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, in alliance with anarchists, of the communist and syndicalist variety, fought against a revolt by the Nationalists, an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives and Catholics, led by a military group among whom General Francisco Franco soon achieved a preponderant role."
}
] |
The Spanish Civil War was a dispute between wight wing anarchists and Communist left wing Spaniards.
| 1 | 5 |
Spanish Civil War
|
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