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[ { "section_header": "Life | Early life", "text": "After his mother's death in 1872, he was sent (at age 6), together with his younger brother, Conrad, back to Honfleur to live with his paternal grandparents." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Works | Writings", "text": "Satie's writings include: A Mammal's Notebook: Satie's writings include: A Mammal's Notebook: Collected Writings of Erik Satie (Serpent's Tail; Atlas Arkhive, No 5, 1997) ISBN 0" }, { "section_header": "Life | Later life", "text": "In September 1918, Satie – giving little or no explanation – withdrew from the Nouveaux jeunes." }, { "section_header": "Life | Early life", "text": "From the early 1880s onwards, Satie started publishing salon compositions by his step-mother and himself, among others." }, { "section_header": "Life | Later life", "text": "After years of heavy drinking (including consumption of absinthe), Satie died at age 59, on 1 July 1925 from cirrhosis of the liver." }, { "section_header": "Life | Early life", "text": "In 1878, when he was 12 years old, his grandmother died, and the two brothers were reunited in Paris with their father, who remarried (to a piano teacher) shortly afterwards." }, { "section_header": "Life | Montmartre", "text": "Satie and Suzanne Valadon (an artists' model, artist, long-time friend of Miguel Utrillo, and mother of Maurice Utrillo) began an affair early in 1893." }, { "section_header": "Life | Early life", "text": "Erik was born at Honfleur in Normandy; his childhood home there is now open to the public." }, { "section_header": "Life | Montmartre", "text": "To give an example: he applied for membership in the Académie Française twice, leaving no doubt in the application letter that the board of that organisation (presided over by Camille Saint-Saëns) as much as owed him such membership." }, { "section_header": "Life | Later life", "text": "There is a tiny stone monument designating a grassy area in front of an apartment building – 'Parc Erik Satie'." }, { "section_header": "Life | Later life", "text": "Satie's last compositions were two 1924 ballets." }, { "section_header": "Life | Early life", "text": "After his mother's death in 1872, he was sent (at age 6), together with his younger brother, Conrad, back to Honfleur to live with his paternal grandparents." } ]
Erik Satie's mother died while giving birth to him.
1
3
Erik Satie
History
2
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the southwest, and the North Sea to the northwest." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Economy", "text": "Belgium was the first continental European country to undergo the Industrial Revolution, in the early 19th century." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union and its capital, Brussels, hosts the official seats of the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, and the European Council, as well as one of two seats of the European Parliament (the other being Strasbourg)." }, { "section_header": "Politics | Communities and regions", "text": "The three regions: the Flemish Region, subdivided into five provinces; the Walloon Region, subdivided into five provinces; the Brussels-Capital Region." }, { "section_header": "History | Independent Belgium", "text": "The latter has now become the European Union, for which Belgium hosts major administrations and institutions, including the European Commission, the Council of the European Union and the extraordinary and committee sessions of the European Parliament." }, { "section_header": "History | Independent Belgium", "text": "Belgium became one of the six founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951 and of the European Atomic Energy Community and European Economic Community, established in 1957." }, { "section_header": "Economy", "text": "Like in most small European countries, more than 80% of the airways traffic is handled by a single airport, the Brussels Airport." }, { "section_header": "Demographics | Migration", "text": "Of these new Belgians, 1,200,000 are of European ancestry and 1,350,000 are from non-Western countries (most of them from Morocco, Turkey, and the DR Congo)." }, { "section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "Belgium hosted the 1972 European Football Championships, and co-hosted the 2000 European Championships with the Netherlands." }, { "section_header": "Economy", "text": "The ports of Antwerp and Zeebrugge (Bruges) share more than 80% of Belgian maritime traffic, Antwerp being the second European harbor with a gross weight of goods handled of 115 988 000 t in 2000 after a growth of 10.9% over the preceding five years." }, { "section_header": "Demographics | Religion", "text": "This is particularly the case in eastern Wallonia and areas along the French border." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the southwest, and the North Sea to the northwest." } ]
Belgium is bordered by five European countries.
2
4
Belgium
NOCAT
4
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu-tennō) was the first Emperor of Japan according to legend." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration", "text": "They moved eastward to find a location more appropriate for administering the entire country." }, { "section_header": "Consorts and children", "text": "Kotoshironushi's daughter Prince Hikoyai (日子八井命) Second son: Prince Kamuyaimimi (神八井耳命, d.577 BC) Third son: Prince Kamununakawamimi (神渟名川耳尊), later Emperor Suizei" }, { "section_header": "Name and title", "text": "According to the legendary account in the Kojiki, Emperor Jimmu was born on February 13, 711 BC (the first day of the first month of the Chinese calendar), and died, again according to legend, on April 9, 585 BC (the eleventh day of the third month)." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu-tennō) was the first Emperor of Japan according to legend." }, { "section_header": "Modern veneration", "text": "Some media incorrectly attributed the phrase to Emperor Jimmu." }, { "section_header": "Legendary narrative", "text": "The last of these, Kamu-yamato Iware-biko no mikoto, became Emperor Jimmu." }, { "section_header": "Modern veneration", "text": "After World War II, the holiday was criticized as too closely associated with the \"emperor system." }, { "section_header": "Modern veneration", "text": "The sites at which these monuments were erected are known as Emperor Jimmu Sacred Historical Sites." }, { "section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration", "text": "A mosquito then tried to steal Jimmu's royal blood but since Jimmu was a god incarnate Emperor, akitsumikami (現御神), a dragonfly killed the mosquito." }, { "section_header": "Modern veneration", "text": "Before and during World War II, expansionist propaganda made frequent use of the phrase hakkō ichiu, a term coined by Tanaka Chigaku based on a passage in the Nihon Shoki discussing Emperor Jimmu." } ]
He was the third emperor of the country.
2
4
Emperor Jimmu
Popular Culture
2
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Shelley Winters (born Shirley Schrift; August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American actress whose career spanned almost six decades." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Kirkland, a minister of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness, also performed non-denominational last rites for Winters." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Shelley Winters (born Shirley Schrift; August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American actress whose career spanned almost six decades." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Vittorio Gassman, whom she married on April 28, 1952 in Juarez, Mexico; they divorced on June 2, 1954." }, { "section_header": "Career | Columbia", "text": "Winters' first film appearance was an uncredited bit in" }, { "section_header": "Career | A Place in the Sun", "text": "Winters took off some time for the birth of her first child." }, { "section_header": "Career | A Patch of Blue", "text": "Winters played \"Ma Parker\" the villain in Batman." }, { "section_header": "Career | Theatre", "text": "Winters first received acclaim when she joined the cast of Oklahoma!" }, { "section_header": "Career | A Place in the Sun", "text": "As the Associated Press reported, the general public was unaware of how serious a craftswoman Winters was. \" Although she was in demand as a character actress, Winters continued to study her craft." }, { "section_header": "Career | A Place in the Sun", "text": "Winters was top billed in The Raging Tide (1951) at Universal." }, { "section_header": "Career | Europe", "text": "Winters performed in a version of The Women for Producers' Showcase then had a key role in I" } ]
Winters career only lasted 2 decades.
1
2
Shelley Winters
Music
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Eugène-Auguste Ysaÿe (French: [øʒɛn iza.i]; 16 July 1858 – 12 May 1931) was a Belgian violinist, composer and conductor." }, { "section_header": "Teaching and composing", "text": "In 1918, he accepted the music director's position with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, where he remained until 1922 and with which he made several recordings." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Teaching and composing", "text": "Finally, in 1931, suffering from the extreme ravages of diabetes that had necessitated the amputation of his left foot, Eugène Ysaÿe died in his house in Brussels and was interred in the Ixelles Cemetery in Brussels." }, { "section_header": "Teaching and composing", "text": "In 1918, he accepted the music director's position with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, where he remained until 1922 and with which he made several recordings." }, { "section_header": "List of compositions | Operas", "text": "Ysaÿe, very ill with diabetes, listened to the performance from his hospital room." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was regarded as \"The King of the Violin\", or, as Nathan Milstein put it, the \"tsar\"." }, { "section_header": "Legend of the Ysaÿe violin", "text": "Then he had a dream: he saw before him a young woman of indescribable beauty, not unlike his own love, Biethline." }, { "section_header": "List of compositions | Works for violin and piano", "text": "Tempo di Mazurka; No.2 'Mazurka'." }, { "section_header": "List of compositions | Chamber works", "text": "Intermezzo; 3. In modo di Recitativo; 4." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Eugene's only request of her after he died was that she carry on her performances under his name." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "His granddaughter, Nadine Ysaye Mosbaugh, was a noted concert pianist who toured Europe with Jose Iturbi before settling down in Canada." }, { "section_header": "Performing career", "text": "Pablo Casals claimed never to have heard a violinist play in tune before Ysaÿe, and Carl Flesch called him \"the most outstanding and individual violinist I have ever heard in my life.\" Ysaÿe possessed a large and flexible tone, influenced by a considerable variety of vibrato — from no vibrato at all to very intense." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Eugène-Auguste Ysaÿe (French: [øʒɛn iza.i]; 16 July 1858 – 12 May 1931) was a Belgian violinist, composer and conductor." } ]
"The King of Violin" Eugène-Auguste Ysaÿe left several recordings before he died of diabetes.
0
0
Eugène Ysaÿe
Popular Culture
0
[ { "section_header": "Biography | 1919–1939: Early life", "text": "Her parents, both aspiring stage actors, toured the Midwest in a traveling tent show that they owned and operated." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Biography | 1919–1939: Early life", "text": "Her father was originally from Georgia, while her mother was a native of Sacramento, California." }, { "section_header": "Biography | 1965–2009: Later life and activities", "text": "The Idol (1966), as the mother of a rebellious son in the Swinging Sixties London." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jones suffered from mental health problems during her life and survived a 1966 suicide attempt in which she jumped from a cliff in Malibu Beach." }, { "section_header": "Biography | 1965–2009: Later life and activities", "text": "One of Jones's primary goals with the Foundation was to de-stigmatize mental illness." }, { "section_header": "Biography | 1965–2009: Later life and activities", "text": "According to biographer Paul Green, it was news of Bickford's death that triggered Jones's suicide attempt." }, { "section_header": "Public image", "text": "Public discussion of Jones's working relationship with her husband, David O. Selznick, has often overshadowed her career." }, { "section_header": "Death", "text": "Minor planet 6249 Jennifer is named in her honor." }, { "section_header": "Biography | 1949–1964: Marriage to Selznick", "text": "Aside from the tensions between cast and crew, Jones herself was mourning the recent death of her first husband, Robert Walker, and also missed her two sons, who were staying in Switzerland during production." }, { "section_header": "Biography | 1940–1948: Career beginnings", "text": "She was carefully groomed for stardom and given a new name: Jennifer Jones." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jennifer Jones (born Phylis Lee Isley; March 2, 1919 – December 17, 2009), also known as Jennifer Jones Simon, was an American actress and mental health advocate." }, { "section_header": "Biography | 1919–1939: Early life", "text": "Her parents, both aspiring stage actors, toured the Midwest in a traveling tent show that they owned and operated." } ]
Jennifer Jones's mother was a nurse during WWI.
0
0
Jennifer Jones
Geography
4
[ { "section_header": "Restoration", "text": "At some unknown time the Giza Necropolis was abandoned, and the Sphinx was eventually buried up to its shoulders in sand." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Construction", "text": "The body of the lion up to its neck is fashioned from softer layers that have suffered considerable disintegration." }, { "section_header": "Reception", "text": "The mouth, the beauty of whose lips was once admired, is now expressionless." }, { "section_header": "Restoration", "text": "At some unknown time the Giza Necropolis was abandoned, and the Sphinx was eventually buried up to its shoulders in sand." }, { "section_header": "Reception", "text": "From the 16th century far into the 19th century, observers repeatedly noted that the Sphinx has the face, neck and breast of a woman." }, { "section_header": "Origin and identity | Fringe hypotheses | The Great Sphinx as Anubis", "text": "Temple bases his identification on the style of the eye make-up and style of the pleats on the headdress." }, { "section_header": "Missing nose and beard", "text": "Traces of yellow and blue pigment have been found elsewhere on the Sphinx, leading Mark Lehner to suggest that the monument \"was once decked out in gaudy comic book colors\"." }, { "section_header": "Restoration", "text": "Part of its headdress had fallen off in 1926 due to erosion, which had also cut deeply into its neck." }, { "section_header": "Restoration", "text": "This questionable repair was by the addition of a concrete collar between the headdress and the neck, creating an altered profile." }, { "section_header": "Origin and identity | Builder and timeframe", "text": "Selim Hassan, writing in 1949 on recent excavations of the Sphinx enclosure, summed up the problem: Taking all things into consideration, it seems that we must give the credit of erecting this, the world's most wonderful statue, to Khafre, but always with this reservation: that there is not one single contemporary inscription which connects the Sphinx with Khafre; so, sound as it may appear, we must treat the evidence as circumstantial, until such time as a lucky turn of the spade of the excavator will reveal to the world a definite reference to the erection of the Sphinx." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human." } ]
The Sphinx had silicate up to its neck once.
2
5
Great Sphinx of Giza
Music
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the most celebrated violin virtuoso of his time, and left his mark as one of the pillars of modern violin technique." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Niccolò (or Nicolò) Paganini (Italian: [ni(k)koˈlɔ ppaɡaˈniːni] (listen); 27 October 1782 – 27 May 1840) was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the most celebrated violin virtuoso of his time, and left his mark as one of the pillars of modern violin technique." }, { "section_header": "Violin technique", "text": "Around the same time, Durand, a former student of Giovanni Battista Viotti (1755–1824), became a celebrated violinist." }, { "section_header": "Fiorini daguerreotype", "text": "Although no photographs of Paganini are known to exist, in 1900 Italian violin maker Giuseppe Fiorini forged the now famous fake daguerreotype of the celebrated violinist." }, { "section_header": "Violin technique", "text": "Though some of the techniques frequently employed by Paganini were already present, most accomplished violinists of the time focused on intonation and bowing techniques." }, { "section_header": "Violin technique", "text": "Paganini was impressed by Durand's innovations and showmanship, which later also became the hallmarks of the young violin virtuoso." }, { "section_header": "Compositions", "text": "In this, his style is consistent with that of other Italian composers such as Giovanni Paisiello, Gioachino Rossini and Gaetano Donizetti, who were influenced by the guitar-song milieu of Naples during this period." }, { "section_header": "Violin technique", "text": "The Israeli violinist Ivry Gitlis once referred to Paganini as a phenomenon rather than a development." }, { "section_header": "Violin technique", "text": "Paganini was instrumental in the revival and popularization of these violinistic techniques, which are now incorporated into regular compositions." }, { "section_header": "Compositions", "text": "Paganini composed his own works to play exclusively in his concerts, all of which profoundly influenced the evolution of violin technique." } ]
Niccolò Paganini was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer, and was the most celebrated violin virtuoso of his time.
0
0
Niccolò Paganini
Literature
4
[ { "section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "After they graduate, Gene and Brinker enlist in the Navy and the Coast Guard." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Separate Peace is a coming-of-age novel by John Knowles, published in 1959." }, { "section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "It climaxes (and is ended) when, as Finny and Gene are about to jump off the tree, Gene impulsively jounces the branch they are standing on, causing Finny to fall and shatter his leg, permanently crippling him." }, { "section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "After they graduate, Gene and Brinker enlist in the Navy and the Coast Guard." }, { "section_header": "Characters", "text": "Gene Forrester: A Separate Peace is told from Gene's point of view." }, { "section_header": "Characters", "text": "Late in the novel, Leper goes insane from the stress of his enlistment in the army." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set against the backdrop of World War II, A Separate Peace explores morality, patriotism, and loss of innocence through its narrator, Gene." }, { "section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "During a meeting of the Golden Fleece Debating Society, Brinker sets up a show trial of sorts and, based upon his shaking of the branch, accuses Gene of trying to kill Finny." }, { "section_header": "Assertions of homoerotic overtones", "text": "Though frequently taught in U.S. high schools, curricula related to A Separate Peace typically ignore a possible homoerotic reading in favor of engaging with the book as a historical novel or coming-of-age story." }, { "section_header": "Characters", "text": "Brinker Hadley: Brinker is a classmate and friend of Gene and Finny's." }, { "section_header": "Characters", "text": "He is the first student in his class to enlist in the military." } ]
At the end of novel A Separate Peace, Gene and Brinker end up enlisting.
1
4
A Separate Peace
History
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Huldrych Zwingli or Ulrich Zwingli (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system." }, { "section_header": "Life | Zürich ministry begins (1519–1521)", "text": "On 1 January 1519, Zwingli gave his first sermon in Zürich." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He attended the University of Vienna and the University of Basel, a scholarly center of Renaissance humanism." }, { "section_header": "Life | Zürich ministry begins (1519–1521)", "text": "On 1 January 1519, Zwingli gave his first sermon in Zürich." }, { "section_header": "Life | Early years (1484–1518)", "text": "He enrolled in the University of Vienna in the winter semester of 1498 but was expelled, according to the university's records." }, { "section_header": "Life | Early years (1484–1518)", "text": "Zwingli continued his studies in Vienna until 1502, after which he transferred to the University of Basel where he received the Master of Arts degree (Magister) in 1506.Zwingli was ordained in Constance, the seat of the local diocese, and he celebrated his first Mass in his hometown, Wildhaus, on 29 September 1506." }, { "section_header": "Life | Zürich disputations (1523) | First Disputation", "text": "The bishop was invited to attend or to send a representative." }, { "section_header": "Life | First rifts (1522–1524)", "text": "They would eventually have four children: Regula, William, Huldrych, and Anna." }, { "section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "B. Eerdmans, ISBN 0 B. Eerdmans, ISBN 0 -8028-0050-5. Furcha, E. J., ed. (1985), Huldrych Zwingli, 1484–1531: A Legacy of Radical Reform: Papers from the 1984 International Zwingli Symposium McGill University, Montreal: Faculty of Religious Studies, McGill University, ISBN 0" }, { "section_header": "Life | Reformation progresses in Zürich (1524–1525)", "text": "Zwingli gave a formal opinion in Vorschlag wegen der Bilder und der Messe (Proposal Concerning Images and the Mass)." }, { "section_header": "Life | First rifts (1522–1524)", "text": "Zwingli defended this act in a sermon which was published on 16 April, under the title Von Erkiesen und Freiheit der Speisen (Regarding the Choice and Freedom of Foods)." }, { "section_header": "Life | Reformation in the Confederation (1526–1528)", "text": "Eck and Fabri refused to attend and the Catholic cantons did not send representatives." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Huldrych Zwingli or Ulrich Zwingli (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system." } ]
Huldrych Zwingli gave his first sermon in Vienna where he attended university.
0
0
Huldrych Zwingli
Music
1
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": ", Quebec French: [- d͡zjɔ̃]; born 30 March 1968) is a Canadian singer." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1990, Dion released her debut English-language album, Unison, establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Life and career | 1993–1995: The Colour of My Love and D'eux", "text": "single \"The Power of Love\" (a remake of Jennifer Rush's 1985 hit), which would become her signature hit until she reached new career heights in the late 1990s." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2007: A New Day...", "text": "The show was well-received by audiences, despite the complaints of expensive tickets; it routinely sold out until its end in late 2007." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1990–1992: Unison, Dion chante Plamondon and Celine Dion", "text": "It was originally released in Canada and France during the 1991–1992 period, then later received an international release in 1994, the first French Celine Dion album to do so. \" Un garçon pas comme les autres (Ziggy) \" became a smash hit in France, reaching No. 2 and being certified gold." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1990–1992: Unison, Dion chante Plamondon and Celine Dion", "text": "Apart from her commercial success, there were also changes in her personal life, as Angélil, who was twenty-six years her senior, transitioned from manager to lover." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1993–1995: The Colour of My Love and D'eux", "text": "The single reached the top ten in the UK and Ireland, a rare accomplishment for a French song." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "She often spoke of running home from school to play music in the basement with her brothers and sisters." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1996–1999: Falling into You, Let's Talk About Love and S'il suffisait d'aimer", "text": "a Lady\"Let's Talk About Love was another major success, reaching No. 1 all over the world, attaining platinum status in twenty-four sales territories, and becoming the fastest selling album of her career." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Celine, Sans attendre and Loved Me Back to Life", "text": "To promote her return to Las Vegas, Dion made an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 21 February, during the show's final season, marking her record twenty-seventh appearance." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1990–1992: Unison, Dion chante Plamondon and Celine Dion", "text": "She asserted that she was—and would always be—a French, not an English, artist." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1993–1995: The Colour of My Love and D'eux", "text": "The second single off the album, \"Je sais pas\", reached No. 1 on the French Singles Chart as well and was certified Silver there." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": ", Quebec French: [- d͡zjɔ̃]; born 30 March 1968) is a Canadian singer." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1990, Dion released her debut English-language album, Unison, establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world." } ]
Celine Dion spoke only French until she reached her late twenties.
3
3
Celine Dion
History
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Peru ( (listen); Spanish: Perú [peˈɾu]; Quechua: Piruw [pɪɾʊw]; Aymara: Piruw [pɪɾʊw]), officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú ), is a country in western South America." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "History | Conquest and colonial period", "text": "These movements led to the formation of the majority of modern-day countries of South America in the territories that at one point or another had constituted the Viceroyalty of Peru." }, { "section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "With about 31.2 million inhabitants, Peru is the fourth most populous country in South America." }, { "section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "Amerindians who live in the Andean highlands speak Quechua and Aymara and are ethnically distinct from the diverse indigenous groups who live on the eastern side of the Andes and in the tropical lowlands adjacent to the Amazon basin." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "At 1.28 million km2 (0.5 million mi2), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America." }, { "section_header": "Government and politics | Military and law enforcement", "text": "Peru has the fourth largest military in South America." }, { "section_header": "History | Conquest and colonial period", "text": "The Spanish conquest of Peru was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization starting in 3500 BC, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in pre-Columbian America, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE." }, { "section_header": "Geography", "text": "Peru is located on the central western coast of South America facing the Pacific Ocean." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Peru ( (listen); Spanish: Perú [peˈɾu]; Quechua: Piruw [pɪɾʊw]; Aymara: Piruw [pɪɾʊw]), officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú ), is a country in western South America." }, { "section_header": "History | Independence", "text": "Because Peru was the stronghold of the Spanish government in South America, San Martin's strategy to liberate Peru was to use diplomacy." } ]
The country of Peru is on the eastern side of South America.
0
0
Peru
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Persuasion can attempt to influence a person's beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviors." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Social proof", "text": "We are so obsessed with what others do and how others act" }, { "section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Social proof", "text": "People often base their actions and beliefs on what others around them are doing, how others act or what others believe." }, { "section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Scarcity", "text": "If we see something is easily available, we do not want it as much as something that is very rare." }, { "section_header": "Methods | Relationship-based persuasion of Shell and Moussa", "text": "Thus it is important to see the topic from different angles in order to anticipate the reaction others have to a proposal." }, { "section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Social proof", "text": ", that we then try to be just like other people." }, { "section_header": "Brief history", "text": "All trials were held in front of the Assembly, and both the prosecution and the defense rested, as they often do today, on the persuasiveness of the speaker." }, { "section_header": "In culture", "text": "and then how they influence others." }, { "section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Social proof", "text": "We, as humans, are influenced by others around us; we want to do what everyone else is." }, { "section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Authority", "text": "The experiment was being done to see how obedient we are to authority." }, { "section_header": "Methods | Relationship-based persuasion of Shell and Moussa", "text": "They explain that persuasion means to win others over, not to defeat them." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Persuasion can attempt to influence a person's beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviors." } ]
Persuasion is the act of trying to influence others to see something in a way that the speaker is framing.
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Persuasion
Science
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Uranium is a chemical element with the symbol U and atomic number 92." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table." }, { "section_header": "Occurrence | Biotic and abiotic", "text": "Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined with other elements." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements." }, { "section_header": "Occurrence | Biotic and abiotic", "text": "Uranium is the 51st element in order of abundance in the Earth's crust." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Uranium is a chemical element with the symbol U and atomic number 92." }, { "section_header": "Applications | Civilian", "text": "The discovery of the radioactivity of uranium ushered in additional scientific and practical uses of the element." }, { "section_header": "Applications | Military", "text": "This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum." }, { "section_header": "Occurrence | Biotic and abiotic", "text": "was (7.0±1.6)×10−5. Uranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water." }, { "section_header": "History | Discovery", "text": "The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth." }, { "section_header": "Characteristics", "text": "Hydrochloric and nitric acids dissolve uranium, but non-oxidizing acids other than hydrochloric acid attack the element very slowly." } ]
Uranium is the 128th periodic table element.
0
0
Uranium
Popular Culture
3
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Publication history", "text": ", Why Didn't They Ask Evans, and Parker Pyne Investigates claimed that Murder on the Orient Express had proven to be Christie's best-selling book to date and the best-selling book published in the Collins Crime Club series." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Television", "text": "Agatha Christie's Poirot \"Murder on the Orient Express\" (2010)David" }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2017) On 16 June 2015, 20th Century Fox hired Kenneth Branagh to direct and star as Poirot in another film adaptation of the story, which was released on 3 November 2017." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Computer game", "text": "The point and click computer game Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express was released in November 2006 for Windows and expanded on Agatha Christie's original story with a new playable central character as Hercule Poirot (voiced by David Suchet) is ill and recovering in his train compartment." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The US title of Murder in the Calais Coach was used to avoid confusion with the 1932 Graham Greene novel Stamboul Train, which had been published in the United States as Orient Express." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Television", "text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2001) A thoroughly modernized and poorly received made-for-TV version starring Alfred Molina as Poirot was presented by CBS in 2001." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "Murder on the Orient Express (1974) The book was made into a 1974 movie directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by John Brabourne and Richard B. Goodwin; it was a critical and commercial hit." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "Poirot tells M. Bouc he will investigate the case." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "The second solution is that all the passengers aboard the Orient Express participated in stabbing Cassetti/Ratchett to death." } ]
Murder on the Orient Express is a crime story that features the investigator Columbo.
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3
Murder on the Orient Express
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Courtship of Miles Standish is an 1858 narrative poem by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow about the early days of Plymouth Colony, the colonial settlement established in America by the Mayflower Pilgrims." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Composition and publication history", "text": "By March 1 the next year, it was renamed The Courtship of Miles Standish." }, { "section_header": "Overview", "text": "Together, Evangeline and The Courtship of Miles Standish captured the bittersweet quality of America's colonial era." }, { "section_header": "Overview", "text": "The Courtship of Miles Standish is set in the year 1621 against the backdrop of a fierce Indian war and focuses on a love triangle among three Mayflower passengers: Miles Standish, Priscilla Mullins, and John Alden." }, { "section_header": "Overview", "text": "However, the plot of The Courtship of Miles Standish deliberately varies in emotional tone, unlike the steady tragedy of Longfellow's Evangeline." }, { "section_header": "Poetic Meter", "text": "Courtship of Miles Standish is written in dactylic hexameter, the same meter used in classical epic poetry such as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and Vergil's Aeneid." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Courtship of Miles Standish is an 1858 narrative poem by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow about the early days of Plymouth Colony, the colonial settlement established in America by the Mayflower Pilgrims." }, { "section_header": "Fictionalized History", "text": "Main characters Miles Standish, John Alden, and Priscilla Mullins are based upon real Mayflower passengers." }, { "section_header": "Overview", "text": "Bumbling, feuding roommates Miles Standish and John Alden vie for the affections of the beautiful Priscilla Mullins, who slyly tweaks the noses of her undiplomatic suitors." }, { "section_header": "Fictionalized History", "text": "Miles Standish and John Alden were likely roommates in Plymouth; Priscilla Mullins was the only single woman of marriageable age in the young colony at that time and did in fact marry Alden." }, { "section_header": "Fictionalized History", "text": "Two years later, Standish married a woman named Barbara in Plymouth in 1623." } ]
The Courtship of Miles Standish is a song preformed by Miles Standish.
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0
The Courtship of Miles Standish
History
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He made the Conservatives the party most identified with the glory and power of the British Empire." }, { "section_header": "Legacy | Political", "text": "Disraeli made the Conservatives the party that most loudly supported both the Empire and military action to assert its primacy." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Legacy | Political", "text": "Disraeli had, for example, stressed the need to improve the lot of the urban labourer." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He made the Conservatives the party most identified with the glory and power of the British Empire." }, { "section_header": "Legacy | Political", "text": "Disraeli made the Conservatives the party that most loudly supported both the Empire and military action to assert its primacy." }, { "section_header": "Office | Opposition", "text": "The start of the Crimean War in 1854 caused a lull in party politics; Disraeli spoke patriotically in support." }, { "section_header": "Legacy | Political", "text": "Disraeli fascinated and divided contemporary opinion; he was seen by many, including some members of his own party, as an adventurer and a charlatan and by others as a far-sighted and patriotic statesman." }, { "section_header": "Second government (1874–80) | Domestic policy | Patronage and Civil Service reform", "text": "As a result of these social reforms the Liberal-Labour MP Alexander Macdonald told his constituents in 1879, \"The Conservative party have done more for the working classes in five years than the Liberals have in fifty.\" Gladstone in 1870 had sponsored an Order in Council, introducing competitive examination into the Civil Service, diminishing the political aspects of government hiring." }, { "section_header": "Legacy | Political", "text": "\"Disraeli's enthusiastic propagation of the British Empire has also been seen as appealing to working class voters." }, { "section_header": "Legacy | Political", "text": "Gladstone's biographer Philip Magnus contrasted Disraeli's grasp of foreign affairs with that of Gladstone, who \"never understood that high moral principles, in their application to foreign policy, are more often destructive of political stability than motives of national self-interest.\" In Parry's view, Disraeli's foreign policy \"can be seen as a gigantic castle in the air (as it was by Gladstone), or as an overdue attempt to force the British commercial classes to awaken to the realities of European politics." }, { "section_header": "Legacy | Political", "text": "Indeed initially they were both loyal to the Tory party, the Church and the landed interest." }, { "section_header": "Legacy | Political", "text": "Nevertheless, Paul Smith, in his journal article on Disraeli's politics, argues that Disraeli's ideas were coherently argued over a political career of nearly half a century, and \"it is impossible to sweep them aside as a mere bag of burglar's tools for effecting felonious entry to the British political pantheon.\" Stanley Weintraub, in his biography of Disraeli, points out that his subject did much to advance Britain towards the 20th century, carrying one of the two great Reform Acts of the 19th despite the opposition of his Liberal rival, Gladstone. \" He helped preserve constitutional monarchy by drawing the Queen out of mourning into a new symbolic national role and created the climate for what became 'Tory democracy'." } ]
Disraeli was integral in the genesis of the Labour Party in British politics.
0
0
Benjamin Disraeli
Literature
6
[ { "section_header": "History | Revivals", "text": "First in the early 1940s, many jazz bands began to include ragtime in their repertoire and put out ragtime recordings on 78 rpm records." }, { "section_header": "History | Revivals", "text": "There have been numerous revivals since newer styles supplanted ragtime in the 1920s." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Related forms and styles", "text": "Many of the terms associated with ragtime have inexact definitions and are defined differently by different experts; the definitions are muddled further by the fact that publishers often labelled pieces for the fad of the moment rather than the true style of the composition." }, { "section_header": "Revivals", "text": "Four events brought forward a different kind of ragtime revival in the 1970s." }, { "section_header": "Related forms and styles", "text": "Fox-trots contain a dotted-note rhythm different from that of ragtime, but which nonetheless was incorporated into many late rags." }, { "section_header": "Historical context", "text": "As black musician Tom Fletcher said, Hogan was the \"first to put on paper the kind of rhythm that was being played by non-reading musicians.\" While the song's success helped introduce the country to ragtime rhythms, its use of racial slurs created a number of derogatory imitation tunes, known as \"coon songs\" because of their use of racist and stereotypical images of blacks." }, { "section_header": "Related forms and styles", "text": "Ragtime pieces came in a number of different styles during the years of its popularity and appeared under a number of different descriptive names." }, { "section_header": "Related forms and styles", "text": "Though this was the form of music most commonly considered \"ragtime\" in its day, many people today prefer to put it in the \"popular music\" category." }, { "section_header": "Historical context", "text": "By the start of the 20th century, it became widely popular throughout North America and was listened and danced to, performed, and written by people of many different subcultures." }, { "section_header": "Related forms and styles", "text": "Many early rags are cakewalks." }, { "section_header": "Related forms and styles", "text": "It is related to several earlier styles of music, has close ties with later styles of music, and was associated with a few musical fads of the period such as the foxtrot." }, { "section_header": "Related forms and styles", "text": "Many early rags are characteristic marches." }, { "section_header": "History | Revivals", "text": "First in the early 1940s, many jazz bands began to include ragtime in their repertoire and put out ragtime recordings on 78 rpm records." }, { "section_header": "History | Revivals", "text": "There have been numerous revivals since newer styles supplanted ragtime in the 1920s." } ]
This style of music went lasted many decades with evolution of its style being adapted by different kinds of musicians.
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Ragtime
History
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Whiskey Rebellion (also known as the Whiskey Insurrection) was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington, ultimately under the command of American Revolutionary war veteran Major James McFarlane." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Insurrection | Aftermath", "text": "Opponents of internal taxes rallied around the candidacy of Thomas Jefferson and helped him defeat President John Adams in the election of 1800." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Whiskey Rebellion (also known as the Whiskey Insurrection) was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington, ultimately under the command of American Revolutionary war veteran Major James McFarlane." }, { "section_header": "Insurrection | Federal response | Militia expedition", "text": "He was convinced that the federalized militia would meet little resistance, and he placed the army under the command of the Virginia Governor Henry \"Lighthorse Harry\" Lee, a hero of the Revolutionary War." }, { "section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The Rebellion raised the question of what kinds of protests were permissible under the new Constitution." }, { "section_header": "Insurrection | Aftermath", "text": "It took six months for those who were charged to be tried." }, { "section_header": "Insurrection | Aftermath", "text": "Of these, only Philip Wigle and John Mitchell were convicted." }, { "section_header": "Insurrection | Federal response | Militia expedition", "text": "Liberty poles were raised in various places as the militia was recruited, worrying federal officials." }, { "section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "The Whiskey Rebellion: Past and Present Perspectives." }, { "section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "The Whiskey Rebellion and the Trans-Appalachian Frontier, 73–84." }, { "section_header": "Resistance", "text": "As some of them had done in the American Revolution, they raised liberty poles, formed committees of correspondence, and took control of the local militia." } ]
The Whiskey Rebellion took place under John Adams as the president..
0
0
Whiskey Rebellion
History
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Bosworth Field (or Battle of Bosworth) was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the Houses of Lancaster and York that extended across England in the latter half of the 15th century." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Fought on 22 August 1485, the battle was won by the Lancastrians." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Bosworth Field (or Battle of Bosworth) was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the Houses of Lancaster and York that extended across England in the latter half of the 15th century." }, { "section_header": "Factions | Stanleys", "text": "In the early stages of the Wars of the Roses, the Stanleys of Cheshire had been predominantly Lancastrians." }, { "section_header": "Legacy and historical significance", "text": "According to historian Michael Hicks, the Battle of Bosworth is one of the worst-recorded clashes of the Wars of the Roses." }, { "section_header": "Legacy and historical significance | Historical depictions and interpretations", "text": "Mackie notes that contemporary historians of that time, wary of the three royal successions during the long Wars of the Roses, considered Bosworth Field just another in a lengthy series of such battles." }, { "section_header": "Factions | Lancastrians", "text": "He was adept in the arts of war." }, { "section_header": "Battlefield location | Historians' theories", "text": "The earliest record, a municipal memorandum of 23 August 1485 from York, locates the battle \"on the field of Redemore\"." }, { "section_header": "Factions | Lancastrians", "text": "Henry Tudor was unfamiliar with the arts of war and was a stranger to the land he was trying to conquer." }, { "section_header": "Legacy and historical significance | Shakespearian dramatisation", "text": "Shakespeare uses their duel to bring a climactic end to the play and the Wars of the Roses; he also uses it to champion morality, portraying the \"unequivocal triumph of good over evil\"." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Henry's first attempt to invade England in 1483 floundered in a storm, but his second arrived unopposed on 7 August 1485 on the southwest coast of Wales." } ]
The Battle of Bosworth Field was the first war in the War of the Roses and was won by the Lancastrians in August 1485.
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0
Battle of Bosworth Field
Sports
0
[ { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "\"Happy\" because of his jovial nature." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "It was there that he received his lifelong nickname" }, { "section_header": "Commissioner of baseball | Other matters", "text": "He also engaged in farming and published a newspaper, The Woodford Sun." }, { "section_header": "Commissioner of baseball | Other matters", "text": "The Yankees–Dodgers feud continued in the New York newspapers throughout the offseason." }, { "section_header": "Second term as governor | 1955 gubernatorial campaign", "text": "Because Combs, whom Chandler nicknamed \"The Little Judge,\" had no record for Chandler to campaign against, Chandler portrayed him as a pawn of Clements and Wetherby, whom he derisively referred to as \"Clementine\" and \"Wetherbine." }, { "section_header": "Early political career", "text": "Chandler entered politics when he was named chairman of the Woodford County Democratic Committee." }, { "section_header": "Later life", "text": "In an interview with The Kentucky Kernel, the University of Kentucky's student newspaper, Chandler was asked about his controversial comments the previous year, which were addressed in the book." }, { "section_header": "Early political career", "text": "The support of another political boss, Mickey Brennan, gave Chandler the edge at the party's nominating convention." }, { "section_header": "Early political career", "text": "Problematically, Chandler was an ally of former Governor J. C. W. Beckham, Louisville Courier-Journal publisher Robert Worth Bingham, and political boss Percy Haly, which put him at odds with Laffoon, a member of a Democratic faction that was headed by Russellville political boss Thomas Rhea and opposed to Beckham, Worth, and Haly." }, { "section_header": "Early political career", "text": "US Representative Fred M. Vinson backed Howard, a fellow Eastern Kentuckian, but political bosses Billy Klair, Johnson N. Camden Jr., and Ben Johnson supported Chandler." }, { "section_header": "Early political career", "text": "Rhea secured the services of rising political boss Earle C. Clements as his campaign manager." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "\"Happy\" because of his jovial nature." } ]
"Happy" Chandler got his nickname from a satirical political newspaper comic.
0
0
Happy Chandler
Geography
3
[ { "section_header": "Dimensions", "text": "Hadrian's Wall was 80 Roman miles or 117.5 km (73.0 mi) long; its width and height varied according to the construction materials available nearby." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Construction", "text": "Construction was divided into lengths of about 8 kilometres (5 mi)." }, { "section_header": "Dimensions", "text": "Hadrian's Wall was 80 Roman miles or 117.5 km (73.0 mi) long; its width and height varied according to the construction materials available nearby." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": ", it runs a total of 73 miles (117.5 kilometres) in northern England." }, { "section_header": "Purpose of construction", "text": "instruction\". Although Hadrian's biographer wrote \"[Hadrian] was the first to build a wall 80 miles long to separate the Romans from the barbarians\", reasons for the construction of the wall vary, and no recording of an exact explanation survives." }, { "section_header": "After Hadrian", "text": "He began building a new wall called the Antonine Wall about 160 kilometres (100 mi) north, across the isthmus running west-south-west to east-north-east." }, { "section_header": "After Hadrian | Preservation by John Clayton", "text": "Long sections of it were used for roadbuilding in the 18th century, especially by General Wade to build a military road (most of which lies beneath the present day B6318 \"Military Road\") to move troops to crush the Jacobite insurrection." }, { "section_header": "Construction | Turf wall", "text": "At its base, the now-demolished turf wall was 6 metres (20 feet) wide, and built in courses of turf blocks measuring 46 cm (18 inches) long by 30 cm (12 inches) deep by 15 cm (6 inches) high, to a height estimated at around 3.66 metres (12.0 feet)." }, { "section_header": "Purpose of construction", "text": "Hadrian's Wall was probably planned before Hadrian's visit to Britain in 122." }, { "section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "Hell's Kitchen is named \"Hadrian's Wall\"." }, { "section_header": "Purpose of construction", "text": "The frontiers of Rome were never expected to stop tribes from migrating or armies from invading, and while a frontier protected by a palisade or stone wall would help curb cattle-raiders and the incursions of other small groups, the economic viability of constructing and keeping guarded a wall 72 miles (116 km) long along a sparsely populated border to stop small-scale raiding is dubious." } ]
Hadrian's Wall was 1000 kilometres long.
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4
Hadrian's Wall
Sports
2
[ { "section_header": "Personal", "text": "Edwin O'Malley encouraged Walter to break off his engagement, and after Walter refused his parents did not attend the wedding." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "Walter O'Malley was the only child of Edwin Joseph O'Malley (1881–1953), who worked as a cotton goods salesman in the Bronx in 1903." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Dodgers | Control", "text": "Robinson did not like O'Malley's choice for manager, Walter Alston." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "Edwin O'Malley's dry goods business was failing and Walter had to help run the business." }, { "section_header": "Dodgers | Move to Los Angeles", "text": "He needed another team to go with him, for had he moved out west alone," }, { "section_header": "Personal", "text": "Edwin O'Malley encouraged Walter to break off his engagement, and after Walter refused his parents did not attend the wedding." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "O'Malley's father, Edwin Joseph O'Malley, was politically connected." }, { "section_header": "Dodgers | Control", "text": "After the ownership transfer, O'Malley's rivalry with Rickey became very public." }, { "section_header": "Dodgers | Control", "text": "Moses did not like O'Malley and derided O'Malley's pro-Brooklyn and pro-Irish sentiments in the press." }, { "section_header": "Dodgers", "text": "It was through McLaughlin that Walter was brought into the financial arrangements for Ebbets Field in 1940." }, { "section_header": "Pre-baseball career", "text": "Subsequently, Walter started the Walter F. O'Malley Engineering Company and published the Subcontractors Register with his uncle, Joseph O'Malley (1893–1985).Walter eventually concentrated on the field of law, starting with work on wills and deeds." }, { "section_header": "Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy", "text": "Furthermore, O'Malley is said to have kept Bowie Kuhn in office as the Commissioner of Baseball until O'Malley's death." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "Walter O'Malley was the only child of Edwin Joseph O'Malley (1881–1953), who worked as a cotton goods salesman in the Bronx in 1903." } ]
Walter O'Malley's folks didn't go to his marriage ceremony.
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2
Walter O'Malley
Popular Culture
3
[ { "section_header": "Personal life and in the media", "text": "The couple began dating in 2009, after having met while working together on the set of Black Swan, and wed in a Jewish ceremony held in Big Sur, California on August 4, 2012." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Life and career | 2016–present: Jackie and beyond", "text": "Portman portrayed Jacqueline Kennedy in the biopic Jackie (2016), about Kennedy's life immediately after the 1963 assassination of her husband." }, { "section_header": "Personal life and in the media", "text": "The couple began dating in 2009, after having met while working together on the set of Black Swan, and wed in a Jewish ceremony held in Big Sur, California on August 4, 2012." }, { "section_header": "Activism", "text": "She is also a member of the One Voice movement." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 2016–present: Jackie and beyond", "text": "For the climactic dance routines, she trained with her husband, Benjamin Millepied, who choreographed the sequence." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2015: Expansion and critical recognition", "text": "Sarah Lane, one of Portman's dancing doubles in the film, claimed that Portman performed only about five percent of the full-body shots, adding that she was asked by the film's producers not to speak publicly about it during the Oscar season." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1994–1998: Early work", "text": "After filming The Professional, Portman went back to school and during the summer break of 1994, she filmed a part in Marya Cohn's short film Developing." }, { "section_header": "Activism", "text": "She hosted a contest challenging girls in North America to fundraise for one of WE Charity's all-girls schools in Kenya." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1999–2006: Star Wars, education, and transition to adult roles", "text": "One of her sketches, a song named \"Natalie's Rap\", was released later in 2009 on Incredibad, an album by the Lonely Island." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2015: Expansion and critical recognition", "text": "Keen to work in different genres, Portman accepted a role in the children's film Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium, in which she played an employee at a magical toy store." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1994–1998: Early work", "text": "Also in 1996, Portman had brief roles in" } ]
Portman met her husband while working on a film.
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4
Natalie Portman
History
0
[ { "section_header": "History | Kingdom in North Africa | Establishment", "text": "The Empire retained western Numidia and the two Mauretanian provinces until 455." }, { "section_header": "History | Kingdom in North Africa | Establishment", "text": "The Vandals under Genseric (also known as Geiseric) crossed to Africa in 429." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "History | Kingdom in North Africa | Consolidation", "text": "Following up the attack, the Vandals tried to invade the Peloponnese, but were driven back by the Maniots at Kenipolis with heavy losses." }, { "section_header": "History | Origins | Early classical sources", "text": "He names them as one of the groups sometimes thought to be one of the oldest divisions of these peoples, along with the Marsi, Gambrivii, Suebi but does not say where they live, or which peoples are within this category." }, { "section_header": "Latin Literacy", "text": "Judith George explains that \"Analysis of the [Vandal] poems in their context holds up a mirror to the ways and values of the times\"." }, { "section_header": "History | Kingdom in North Africa | Decline", "text": "According to the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia: \"Genseric, one of the most powerful personalities of the \"era of the Migrations\", died on 25 January 477, at the great age of around 88 years." }, { "section_header": "History | In Gaul", "text": "One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911)." }, { "section_header": "History | Introduction into the Roman Empire", "text": "These peoples appeared during the Marcomannic Wars, which resulted in widespread destruction and the first invasion of Italy in the Roman Empire period." }, { "section_header": "Name", "text": "The Germanic mythological figure of Aurvandil \"shining wanderer; dawn wanderer, evening star\", or \"Shining Vandal\" is reported as one of the \"Germanic Dioscuri\"." }, { "section_header": "History | Origins | Early classical sources", "text": "The earliest mention of the Vandals is from Pliny the Elder, who used the term Vandili in a broad way to define one of the major groupings of all Germanic peoples." }, { "section_header": "Name", "text": "The name of the Vandals has been connected to that of Vendel, the name of a province in Uppland, Sweden, which is also eponymous of the Vendel Period of Swedish prehistory, corresponding to the late Germanic Iron Age leading up to the Viking Age." }, { "section_header": "History | Kingdom in North Africa | Establishment", "text": "The Western Empire under Valentinian III secured peace with the Vandals in 442." }, { "section_header": "History | Kingdom in North Africa | Establishment", "text": "The Empire retained western Numidia and the two Mauretanian provinces until 455." }, { "section_header": "History | Kingdom in North Africa | Establishment", "text": "The Vandals under Genseric (also known as Geiseric) crossed to Africa in 429." } ]
They set up an empire in North Africa at one point.
0
0
Vandals
Popular Culture
2
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by four horses." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Description", "text": "The stagecoach was a closed four-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses or hard-going mules." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by four horses." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Widely used before steam-powered, rail transport was available, a stagecoach made long scheduled trips using stage stations or posts where the stagecoach's horses would be replaced by fresh horses." }, { "section_header": "History | Spread elsewhere | Continental Europe", "text": "The English visitor noted the small, sturdy Norman horses \"running away with our cumbrous machine, at the rate of six or seven miles an hour\"." }, { "section_header": "History | Spread elsewhere | Continental Europe", "text": "The body of the carriage rests upon large thongs of leather, fastened to heavy blocks of wood, instead of springs, and the whole is drawn by seven horses." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "A stagecoach is a four-wheeled public coach used to carry paying passengers and light packages on journeys long enough to need a change of horses." }, { "section_header": "History | Royal Mail stagecoaches", "text": "A service to Edinburgh was added the next year, and Palmer was rewarded by being made Surveyor and Comptroller General of the Post Office." }, { "section_header": "History | Decline and evolution", "text": "Some stagecoaches remained in use for commercial or recreational purposes." }, { "section_header": "History | Royal Mail stagecoaches", "text": "Palmer made much use of the \"flying\" stagecoach services between cities in the course of his business, and noted that it seemed far more efficient than the system of mail delivery then in operation." }, { "section_header": "Description", "text": "Spent horses were replaced with fresh horses at stage stations, posts, or relays." } ]
Stagecoach used to be drawn by six horses.
0
2
Stagecoach
History
1
[ { "section_header": "Marriage question | Virginity", "text": "This claim of virginity was not universally accepted." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Some historians have called her lucky; she believed that God was protecting her." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor." }, { "section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | America", "text": "He never returned to England." }, { "section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | Netherlands", "text": "Elizabeth from the start did not really back this course of action." }, { "section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots | Catholic cause", "text": "At first, Elizabeth resisted calls for Mary's death." }, { "section_header": "Marriage question | Virginity", "text": "At first, only Elizabeth made a virtue of her ostensible virginity: in 1559, she told the Commons, \"And, in the end, this shall be for me sufficient, that a marble stone shall declare that a queen, having reigned such a time, lived and died a virgin\"." }, { "section_header": "Marriage question | Virginity", "text": "Years later in 1587, a man calling himself Arthur Dudley was found shipwrecked on the coast of Spain." }, { "section_header": "Marriage question | Virginity", "text": "Elizabeth's unmarried status inspired a cult of virginity related to that of the Virgin Mary." }, { "section_header": "Later years", "text": "They owed little directly to the queen, who was never a major patron of the arts." }, { "section_header": "Mary I's reign", "text": "Mary, a devout Catholic, was determined to crush the Protestant faith in which Elizabeth had been educated, and she ordered that everyone attend Catholic Mass; Elizabeth had to outwardly conform." }, { "section_header": "Marriage question | Virginity", "text": "This claim of virginity was not universally accepted." } ]
Elizabeth I of England was called the Virgin Queen but has never really been believed by everyone.
0
3
Elizabeth I of England
Popular Culture
0
[ { "section_header": "Elements | SAMCRO founders", "text": "High school friends John Teller and Piermont \"Piney\" Winston co-founded SAMCRO in 1967 on returning from the Vietnam War." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sons of Anarchy is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter that aired from 2008 to 2014." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The show stars Charlie Hunnam as Jackson \"Jax\" Teller, who is initially the vice president and subsequently the president of the club." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sons of Anarchy is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter that aired from 2008 to 2014." }, { "section_header": "Other media | Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect", "text": "Another video game based on Sons of Anarchy was announced in February 2014, confirmed for mobile platforms in August, and the name Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect revealed in December of that year." }, { "section_header": "Elements | Concept", "text": "The show focused on the original and founding (\"mother\") charter, Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original, referred to by the acronym SAMCRO or Sam Crow, located in San Joaquin County, California, in the fictional town of Charming, which appears to be near Stockton, adjacent to the Teller-Morrow auto mechanic shop." }, { "section_header": "Other media | Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect", "text": "Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect was an episodic adventure video game developed by Silverback Games and published by Orpheus Interactive." }, { "section_header": "Other media | Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect", "text": "A Sons of Anarchy game was originally planned to be developed by a studio of Rockstar Games for PC and console platforms, but was canceled shortly after in 2012." }, { "section_header": "Elements | Shakespearean influence", "text": "Season 7, Episode 9, \" What a Piece of Work Is Man\"." }, { "section_header": "Music | Soundtracks", "text": "In November 2011, selected highlights from the EPs and new tracks were released in Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4, followed up by Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol." }, { "section_header": "Music | Soundtracks", "text": "2 released in November 2012, Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol." }, { "section_header": "Music | Soundtracks", "text": "3 released in December 2013, and Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol." }, { "section_header": "Elements | SAMCRO founders", "text": "High school friends John Teller and Piermont \"Piney\" Winston co-founded SAMCRO in 1967 on returning from the Vietnam War." } ]
Sons of Anarchy is a television show about a group of bikers that was founded by a man with the initials J.T. and a buddy.
0
0
Sons of Anarchy
Music
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was born in London in the Parish of St Marylebone to an English mother and Italian father." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787", "text": "Elizabeth Storace claimed that they did not care if the child lived or died; the child died in the foundling home a month after she was born." }, { "section_header": "Early years and education in Italy", "text": "so well that at ten years old he played successfully the most difficult music of the day." }, { "section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796", "text": "Certainly the Emperor spoke of her with great admiration, even using her abilities as an arbitrary unit of currency –" }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was born in London in the Parish of St Marylebone to an English mother and Italian father." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Stephen John Seymour Storace (4 April 1762 – 19 March 1796) was an English composer." }, { "section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787", "text": "Stephen Storace returned to England sometime between the years of 1780 and 1782, most likely to settle his father's affairs after his death in Naples, which probably happened around 1780–1781." }, { "section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787", "text": "Stephen was regularly playing pool with Wolfgang." }, { "section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787", "text": "It is unclear how Stephen obtained his first commission to compose an Italian opera for the Viennese stage, but the commission was most likely obtained by Nancy sometime in the fall of 1784, with Stephen arriving in Vienna sometime in late December of that same year." }, { "section_header": "Early years and education in Italy", "text": "Stephen neglected his musical studies in Italy, and went on painting expeditions with Thomas Jones." }, { "section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787", "text": "Stephen produced his first opera, Gli sposi malcontenti, at Vienna, on 1 June 1785." } ]
Stephen Storace was born in the modern day capital city of the United Kingdom.
0
0
Stephen Storace
Sports
5
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1939, he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame and was the first MLB player to have his uniform number (4) retired by a team." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Hall of Fame", "text": "During a winter meeting of the Baseball Writers' Association on December 7, 1939, Gehrig was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in a special election related to his illness." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1939, he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame and was the first MLB player to have his uniform number (4) retired by a team." }, { "section_header": "Hall of Fame", "text": "On July 28, 2013, Gehrig and 11 other deceased ballplayers, including Rogers Hornsby, received a special tribute during the induction ceremony, held during \"Hall of Fame Induction Weekend\", July 26–29 in Cooperstown, New York." }, { "section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | Retirement", "text": "It is currently on display at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum." }, { "section_header": "Hall of Fame", "text": "At age 36, he was the youngest player to be so honored to date (that figure was surpassed by Sandy Koufax in 1972)." }, { "section_header": "Hall of Fame", "text": "He never had a formal induction ceremony." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He still has the highest ratio of runs scored plus runs batted in per 100 plate appearances (35.08) and per 100 games (156.7) among Hall of Fame players." }, { "section_header": "Later life | Monument", "text": "\" Gehrig's monument joined the one placed there in 1932 to Miller Huggins, which would eventually be followed by Babe Ruth's in 1949." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "With his team leading 8–6 in the top of the ninth inning, Gehrig hit a grand slam completely out of the major league park, which was an unheard-of feat for a 17-year-old." }, { "section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 1927", "text": "the famed \"Murderers' Row\". Ruth's celebrity was so great that Gehrig's ghostwritten syndicated newspaper column that year was called \"Following the Babe\"." } ]
in 1949 he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.
2
6
Lou Gehrig
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Imaginary Invalid or The Hypochondriac (French title Le malade imaginaire, [lə malad imaʒinɛːʁ]) is a three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He collapsed during his fourth performance as Argan on 17 February and died soon after." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Imaginary Invalid or The Hypochondriac (French title Le malade imaginaire, [lə malad imaʒinɛːʁ]) is a three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier." }, { "section_header": "Stage productions", "text": "The American Conservatory Theater (San Francisco) produced \"The Imaginary Invalid\", an 'adaptation' by Constance Congdon, directed by Ron Lagomarsino, in 2007." }, { "section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3", "text": "that, they claim, makes Argan a doctor (in the translation by John Wood, Argan suffers a heart attack during the dance and dies, whereupon the dancers stop dancing and assume deaths-head masks)." }, { "section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2", "text": "Argan gets angry with Angelique's willfulness and everyone's failure to pay attention to him during the fight." }, { "section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1", "text": "She soothes Argan, talking to him as one would to a child throwing a temper tantrum." }, { "section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3", "text": "Toinette comes in dressed as a doctor and claims to be one of the world's greatest doctors who has come to see Argan, one of the world's most illustrious patients." }, { "section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2", "text": "On her way out, Béline stops to tell Argan that she saw Angelique talking with a young man who ran away as soon as they were spotted." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Molière had fallen out with the powerful court composer Jean-Baptiste" }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It premiered on 10 February 1673 at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris and was originally choreographed by Pierre Beauchamp." } ]
The Imaginary Invalid is a three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière in which he collapsed during his fourth performance as Argan on 17 February and died soon after.
0
0
The Imaginary Invalid
Music
0
[ { "section_header": "History | Re-formation | The Who Hits 50! and beyond", "text": "In January 2019, the band announced the Moving On!" } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "They are cited as an influence by hard rock, punk rock and mod bands, and their songs still receive regular exposure." }, { "section_header": "Personal relationships", "text": "Their relationship diminished somewhat when Entwistle got married in 1967, though they still socialised on tour." }, { "section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "In 2015, Townshend confirmed their friendship was still strong, adding their acceptance of each other's differences \"brought us to a really genuine and compassionate relationship, which can only be described as love.\" The Who are one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century." }, { "section_header": "History | 1964–1978 | A Quick One and The Who Sell Out", "text": "The group's performances, which still involved smashing guitars and kicking over drums, were well received, and led to their first major US appearance at the Monterey Pop Festival." }, { "section_header": "History | 1978–1983", "text": "In December, the Who became the third band, after the Beatles and the Band, to appear on the cover of Time." }, { "section_header": "History | 1978–1983", "text": "The article, by Jay Cocks, said the band had outpaced, outlasted, outlived and outclassed all of their rock band contemporaries." }, { "section_header": "History | Background", "text": "In 1959 he started the Detours, the band that was to evolve into the Who." }, { "section_header": "History | Re-formation | The Who Hits 50! and beyond", "text": "In January 2019, the band announced the Moving On!" }, { "section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "The Who have also influenced pop punk band Panic!" }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Who are an English rock band formed in London in 1964." } ]
The Who is still a band.
0
0
The Who
Literature
4
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "[il ˈpɛndolo di fuˈko]) is a novel by Italian writer and philosopher Umberto Eco." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Comparison with other writings", "text": "Trilogy to Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum\"." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The pendulum of the title refers to an actual pendulum designed by French physicist Léon Foucault to demonstrate Earth's rotation, which has symbolic significance within the novel." }, { "section_header": "Major themes | Societies in the novel", "text": "The following list among the groups that appear in Foucault's Pendulum." }, { "section_header": "Major themes | Societies in the novel", "text": "I'a S'ha-t'n!\". The words closed a ritual composed by Michael Aquino." }, { "section_header": "Comparison with other writings", "text": "No. In Foucault's Pendulum I wrote the grotesque representation of these kind of people." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Foucault's Pendulum (original title: Il pendolo di Foucault" }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Foucault's Pendulum is divided into ten segments represented by the ten Sefiroth." }, { "section_header": "Comparison with other writings", "text": "The Illuminatus! Trilogy was written 13 years before Foucault's Pendulum." }, { "section_header": "Comparison with other writings", "text": "Foucault's Pendulum also bears a number of similarities to Eco's own experiences and writing." }, { "section_header": "Comparison with other writings", "text": "Foucault's Pendulum (1988) has been called \"the thinking man's Da Vinci Code\"." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "[il ˈpɛndolo di fuˈko]) is a novel by Italian writer and philosopher Umberto Eco." } ]
Foucault's Pendulum is a play by a French composer.
1
4
Foucault's Pendulum
Music
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He published his first song, \"Marie from Sunny Italy\", in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights, and had his first major international hit, \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\", in 1911." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Awards and honors", "text": "The citation reads, in part: \"Musician, Composer, Humanitarian, And Patriot, Irving Berlin Has Captured The Fondest Dreams And Deepest Emotions Of The American People In The Form Of Popular Music.\" Lawrence Langner Tony Award in 1978." }, { "section_header": "Early life | Early jobs", "text": "Berlin would sing a few of the popular ballads he heard on the street, hoping people would pitch him a few pennies." }, { "section_header": "Songwriting career | 1941 to 1962 | World War II patriotism—\"This is the Army\" (1943)", "text": "Berlin wrote nearly three dozen songs for the show which contained a cast of 300 men." }, { "section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "\" Others, such as Broadway musician Anne Phillips, says simply that \"the man is an American institution." }, { "section_header": "Songwriting career | 1920 to 1940 | Various hit songs by Berlin", "text": "\"Marie\" ( 1929)This waltz-time song was a hit for Rudy Vallée in 1929, and in 1937, updated to a four-quarter-time swing arrangement, was a top hit for Tommy Dorsey." }, { "section_header": "Early life | Jewish immigrant | Settling in New York City", "text": "When he was fished out after going down for the third time, he was still holding in his clenched fist the five pennies he earned that day." }, { "section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "Irving Berlin remains, I think, America's Schubert." }, { "section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "In a letter to Woollcott, Jerome Kern offered what one writer said \"may be the last word\" on the significance of Irving Berlin: Irving Berlin has no place in American music—he is American music." }, { "section_header": "Early life | Jewish immigrant | Settling in New York City", "text": "His mother took a job as a midwife, and three of his sisters worked wrapping cigars, common for immigrant girls." }, { "section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "In 1924, when Berlin was 36, his biography, The Story of Irving Berlin, was being written by Alexander Woollcott." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He published his first song, \"Marie from Sunny Italy\", in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights, and had his first major international hit, \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\", in 1911." } ]
Irving Berlin was a musician that was paid only a quarter, a nickel and three pennies.
0
0
Irving Berlin
Technology
0
[ { "section_header": "History", "text": "The business was originally called Rack Habit, and was initially run out of Lake's apartment in Cambridge, Massachusetts." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "History", "text": "Stitch Fix started to be profitable in 2014." }, { "section_header": "Service", "text": "These boards may be viewed by a Stitch Fix stylist." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Stitch Fix is an online personal styling service in the United States." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "The business was originally called Rack Habit, and was initially run out of Lake's apartment in Cambridge, Massachusetts." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "Stitch Fix was founded in 2011 by Katrina Lake and former J.Crew buyer Erin Morrison Flynn." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Stitch Fix generated more than $1 billion in sales during 2018 and reported 3.4 million customers in June 2020." }, { "section_header": "Service", "text": "Stitch Fix is a personal styling service that sends individually picked clothing and accessories items for a one-time styling fee." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "In October 2018, several class action lawsuits were brought against Stitch Fix alleging that the company violated federal securities laws by making misleading statements about its growth prospects." }, { "section_header": "Service", "text": "The customer schedules a date to receive their items, which is referred to as a \"Fix\"." } ]
Stitch Fix changed its original name.
0
0
Stitch Fix
History
3
[ { "section_header": "In popular culture | Beer", "text": "A brewery in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, makes a Scottish ale named \"William Wallace\", and Scottish Maclays Brewery had a beer called \"Wallace\"." }, { "section_header": "In popular culture | Beer", "text": "A number of beers are named for Wallace." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "In popular culture | Literature", "text": "In the early 19th century, Walter Scott wrote of Wallace in his short essay Exploits and Death of William Wallace, the \"Hero of Scotland\"." }, { "section_header": "Background", "text": "William Wallace was a member of the lesser nobility, but little is definitely known of his family history or even his parentage." }, { "section_header": "Background", "text": "Blind Harry's assertion that William was the son of Sir Malcolm of Elderslie has given rise to a tradition that William's birthplace was at Elderslie in Renfrewshire, and this is still the view of some historians, including the historical William Wallace Society itself." }, { "section_header": "In popular culture | Beer", "text": "A brewery in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, makes a Scottish ale named \"William Wallace\", and Scottish Maclays Brewery had a beer called \"Wallace\"." }, { "section_header": "Start of the uprising", "text": "The first act definitely known to have been carried out by Wallace was his murder of William de Heselrig, the English High Sheriff of Lanark, in May 1297." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir William Wallace (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas, pronounced [ˈɯʎam ˈuəl̪ˠəs̪]; Norman French: William le Waleys; born c. 1270, died 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence." }, { "section_header": "Start of the uprising", "text": "He then joined with William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas, and they carried out the raid of Scone." }, { "section_header": "In popular culture | Literature", "text": "Henty, a producer of and writer for the Boy's Own Paper story paper, portrays the life of William Wallace, Robert the Bruce, The Black Douglas, and others, while dovetailing the events of his novel with historical fiction." }, { "section_header": "Capture and execution", "text": "Wallace was transported to London, lodged in the house of William de Leyrer, then taken to Westminster Hall, where he was tried for treason and for atrocities against civilians in war, \"sparing neither age nor sex, monk nor nun." }, { "section_header": "Battle of Falkirk", "text": "There is a surviving letter from the French king dated 7 November 1300 to his envoys in Rome demanding that they should help Sir William." }, { "section_header": "In popular culture | Beer", "text": "A number of beers are named for Wallace." } ]
William Wallace has multiple brews referencing him.
1
3
William Wallace
Science
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who described the phenomenon in 1842." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Doppler effect (or the Doppler shift) is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source." }, { "section_header": "Consequences", "text": "With an observer stationary relative to the medium, if a moving source is emitting waves with an actual frequency" }, { "section_header": "Applications | Radar", "text": "Because the doppler shift affects the wave incident upon the target as well as the wave reflected back to the radar, the change in frequency observed by a radar due to a target moving at relative velocity Δ" }, { "section_header": "Inverse Doppler effect", "text": "Since 1968 scientists such as Victor Veselago have speculated about the possibility of an inverse Doppler effect." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The reason for the Doppler effect is that when the source of the waves is moving towards the observer, each successive wave crest is emitted from a position closer to the observer than the crest of the previous wave." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who described the phenomenon in 1842." }, { "section_header": "Consequences", "text": "A similar analysis for a moving observer and a moving source (in this case, the wavelength keeps constant, but due to the motion, the rate at which the observer receives waves and hence the transmission velocity of the wave [with respect to the observer] is changed) yields the observed frequency: A similar analysis for a moving observer and a moving source (in this case, the wavelength keeps constant, but due to the motion, the rate at which the observer receives waves and hence the transmission velocity of the wave [with respect to the observer] is changed) yields the observed frequency: f = ( c c" }, { "section_header": "Consequences", "text": "A similar analysis for a moving observer and a stationary source (in this case, the wavelength keeps constant, but due to the motion, the rate at which the observer receives waves and hence the transmission velocity of the wave [with respect to the observer] is changed) yields the observed frequency: A similar analysis for a moving observer and a stationary source (in this case, the wavelength keeps constant, but due to the motion, the rate at which the observer receives waves and hence the transmission velocity of the wave [with respect to the observer] is changed) yields the observed frequency: f = ( c ±" }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "Hippolyte Fizeau discovered independently the same phenomenon on electromagnetic waves in 1848 (in France, the effect is sometimes called \"effet Doppler-Fizeau\" but that name was not adopted by the rest of the world as Fizeau's discovery was six years after Doppler's proposal)." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Conversely, if the source of waves is moving away from the observer, each wave is emitted from a position farther from the observer than the previous wave, so the arrival time between successive waves is increased, reducing the frequency." } ]
The Doppler effect is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source and the name came from an English scientist name Johann Doppler.
0
0
Doppler effect
History
1
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Background | Opposition to the War of 1812", "text": "Harrison Gray Otis, who inspired these measures, suggested that the eastern states meet at a convention in Hartford, Connecticut." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power." }, { "section_header": "Background | Secession", "text": "Despite this, the Madison administration had reasons to be concerned about the consequences of the Hartford Convention." }, { "section_header": "Convention report", "text": "The Hartford Convention's final report proposed several amendments to the U.S. Constitution." }, { "section_header": "Call for a convention", "text": "On December 15, 1814 the delegates met in the Connecticut Senate's chamber at the Old State House in Hartford." }, { "section_header": "Call for a convention", "text": "Otis' report was passed by the state senate on October 12 by a 22 to 12 vote and the house on October 16 by 260 to 20.A letter was sent to the other New England governors, inviting them to send delegates to a convention in Hartford, Connecticut." }, { "section_header": "Background | Opposition to the War of 1812", "text": "When Madison was re-elected in 1812 the discontent in New England intensified." }, { "section_header": "Negative reception and legacy", "text": "They quickly returned home. Thereafter, both Hartford Convention and Federalist Party became synonymous with disunion, secession, and treason, especially in the South." }, { "section_header": "Negative reception and legacy", "text": "Historian Samuel Eliot Morison rejected the notion that the Hartford convention was an attempt to take New England out of the Union and give treasonous aid and comfort to Britain." }, { "section_header": "Background | Opposition to the War of 1812", "text": "By the summer of 1814, the war had turned against the Americans." } ]
During the Hartford Convention, issues surrounding the war of 1812 were among the topics that were talked about.
1
1
Hartford Convention
Sports
0
[ { "section_header": "Major League career | 1967", "text": "Yastrzemski enjoyed his best season in 1967, when he won the American League Triple Crown with a .326 batting average, 44 home runs (tied with Harmon Killebrew) and 121 RBIs." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Yastrzemski also won the Triple Crown that year, something that wasn't accomplished again in the Major Leagues until Miguel Cabrera did so in 2012." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Major League career | Early career", "text": "While his first two years were viewed as solid but unspectacular, he emerged as a rising star in 1963, winning the American League batting championship with a batting average of .321, and also leading the league in doubles and walks, finishing sixth in the Most Valuable Player voting." }, { "section_header": "Major League career | 1967", "text": "Yastrzemski enjoyed his best season in 1967, when he won the American League Triple Crown with a .326 batting average, 44 home runs (tied with Harmon Killebrew) and 121 RBIs." }, { "section_header": "Major League career | Later career", "text": "In the 1975 All-Star Game, Yastrzemski was called to pinch-hit in the sixth inning, with two men on base and the American League down 3-0." }, { "section_header": "Major League career | 1967", "text": "He was voted Most Valuable Player" }, { "section_header": "Major League career | Retirement", "text": "Yastrzemski won three American League batting championships in his career." }, { "section_header": "Major League career | 1967", "text": "Klllebrew also homered, but the Red Sox won, 6–4." }, { "section_header": "Major League career | Retirement", "text": "However, in his later years, he adjusted his stance and held the bat lower." }, { "section_header": "Major League career | Later career", "text": "Yastrzemski's .329 batting average that season was his career high, but he finished second behind the California Angels' Alex Johnson for the batting title by less than .001." }, { "section_header": "Major League career | Later career", "text": "Because of the competitive advantages pitchers enjoyed between 1963 and 1968 (prior to the lowering of the pitcher's mound), Yastrzemski's .301 mark in \"The Year of the Pitcher\" is the lowest average of any batting champion in major league history; however, he was the only hitter in the American League to hit .300 for that season against such formidable pitching, as well as leading the league in on-base percentage and walks." }, { "section_header": "Major League career | Later career", "text": "Referring to Williams, Yastrzemski wrote: \"He got rid of all the individuality, made us into a team, gave us an incentive, and made us want to win.\" In 1968 Yastrzemski again won the batting championship." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Yastrzemski also won the Triple Crown that year, something that wasn't accomplished again in the Major Leagues until Miguel Cabrera did so in 2012." } ]
Carl Yastrzemski lead the AL in Batting Average, Homers, and Runs Batted In the year he won AL Most Valuable Player.
0
0
Carl Yastrzemski
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The poem was published posthumously in 1890 in Poems: Series 1, a collection of Dickinson's poems assembled and edited by her friends Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Critique and interpretation", "text": "\"The speaker joins both \"Death\" and \"Immortality\" inside the carriage that collects her, thus personifying the two part process, according to the Christian faith, that first life stops and following death we encounter immortality though our existence in the after life." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The poem was published posthumously in 1890 in Poems: Series 1, a collection of Dickinson's poems assembled and edited by her friends Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Because I could not stop for Death\" is a lyrical poem by Emily Dickinson first published posthumously in Poems: Series 1 in 1890." }, { "section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "The poem has been set to music by Aaron Copland as the twelfth song of his song cycle Twelve Poems of Emily Dickinson." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The poem was published under the title \"The Chariot\"." }, { "section_header": "Critique and interpretation", "text": "Dickinson's tone contributes to the poem as well." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The speaker of Dickinson's poem meets personified Death." }, { "section_header": "Critique and interpretation", "text": "In 1936 Allen Tate wrote, [The poem] exemplifies better than anything else" }, { "section_header": "Critique and interpretation", "text": "The rhythm charges with movement the pattern of suspended action back of the poem." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "According to Thomas H. Johnson's variorum edition of 1955 the number of this poem is \"712\"." } ]
The poem was released during the poet's life.
0
0
Because I could not stop for Death
Music
0
[ { "section_header": "Career | 2010s", "text": "On the October 8, 2011 episode of Saturday Night Live, he performed with alternative rock band Foster the People on the song \"Houdini\"." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kenny G is one of the best-selling artists of all time, with global sales totaling more than 75 million records." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2000s: Continued popularity", "text": "The album featured R&B singer Brian McKnight, and included the single \"One More Time\", a duet with Chanté Moore." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "Kenny G was born in Seattle, Washington." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Kenny G filed for divorce in August" }, { "section_header": "Career | 2010s", "text": "At the end of the scene, Kenny G appears as a janitor." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Kenny G now lives in Malibu, California." }, { "section_header": "Equipment", "text": "He has created his own line of saxophones called \"Kenny G Saxophones\"." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2010s", "text": "It helped Kenny G get back to the Billboard 200 at number 86." }, { "section_header": "Criticism", "text": "And then I heard Kenny G, and I never put on another Miles record.'" }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Kenny G married Janice DeLeon in 1980, and they divorced in 1987." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2010s", "text": "On the October 8, 2011 episode of Saturday Night Live, he performed with alternative rock band Foster the People on the song \"Houdini\"." } ]
Kenny G has not been on SNL.
0
0
Kenny G
Literature
1
[ { "section_header": "Sequel", "text": "In 1989 Osborne wrote a sequel to the play entitled Déjàvu, which was first produced in 1992." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Look Back in Anger (1956) is a realist play written by John Osborne." }, { "section_header": "Sequel", "text": "In 1989 Osborne wrote a sequel to the play entitled Déjàvu, which was first produced in 1992." }, { "section_header": "Sequel", "text": "He rants about the state of the country to his old friend Cliff, while his Alison irons, just as her mother had done in Look Back." }, { "section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "At the time of production reviews of Look Back in Anger were deeply negative." }, { "section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "I'll Trade You a Car. \"Look Back in Anger\" is a song by British singer David Bowie from his 1979 album Lodger, however there is no connection to the play, only a shared title." }, { "section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "\"Look Back in Anger\" is a song by British rock group Television Personalities from their first album ... And Don't the Kids" }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "This harsh realism has led to Look Back in Anger being considered one of the first examples of kitchen sink drama in theatre." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Osborne drew inspiration from his personal life and failing marriage with Pamela Lane while writing Look Back in Anger, which was his first successful outing as a playwright." }, { "section_header": "Sequel", "text": "The play was not a commercial success, closing after seven weeks." }, { "section_header": "Background", "text": "Written in 17 days in a deck chair on Morecambe Pier, Look Back in Anger was a strongly autobiographical piece based on Osborne's unhappy marriage to actress Pamela Lane and their life in cramped accommodation in Derby." } ]
The 1956 play Look Back in Anger has a sequel.
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3
Look Back in Anger
Music
4
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has written numerous operas and musical theatre works, twelve symphonies, eleven concertos, eight string quartets and various other chamber music, and film scores." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Life and work | 2008–present: Chamber music, concertos, and symphonies", "text": "Glass's Tenth Symphony, written in five movements, was commissioned by the Orchestre français des jeunes for its 30th anniversary." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has written numerous operas and musical theatre works, twelve symphonies, eleven concertos, eight string quartets and various other chamber music, and film scores." }, { "section_header": "Life and work | 1991–96: Cocteau trilogy and symphonies", "text": "With the Concerto Grosso (1992), Symphony No. 3 (1995), a Concerto for Saxophone Quartet and Orchestra (1995), written for the Rascher Quartet (all commissioned by conductor Dennis Russel Davies), and Echorus (1994/95), a more transparent, refined, and intimate chamber-orchestral style paralleled the excursions of his large-scale symphonic pieces." }, { "section_header": "Life and work | 2005–07: Songs and Poems", "text": "After three symphonies for voices and orchestra, this piece was a return to purely orchestral and abstract composition; like previous works written for the conductor Dennis Russell Davies (the 1992 Concerto Grosso and the 1995 Symphony No. 3), it features extended solo writing." }, { "section_header": "Life and work | 2008–present: Chamber music, concertos, and symphonies", "text": "The US premiere took place on March 12, 2017 in a production by Long Beach Opera." }, { "section_header": "Life and work | 1967–1974: Minimalism: From Strung Out to Music in 12 Parts", "text": "As he pointed out: \"I had worked for eight or nine years inventing a system, and now I'd written through it and come out the other end.\" He now prefers to describe himself as a composer of \"music with repetitive structures\"." }, { "section_header": "Life and work | 2008–present: Chamber music, concertos, and symphonies", "text": "Other works completed since 2010 include Symphony No. 9 (2010–2011), Symphony No. 10 (2012), Cello Concerto No. 2 (2012, based on the film score to Naqoyqatsi) as well as String Quartet No. 6 and No. 7." }, { "section_header": "Life and work | 1967–1974: Minimalism: From Strung Out to Music in 12 Parts", "text": "Though he finds the term minimalist inaccurate to describe his later work, Glass does accept this term for pieces up to and including Music in 12 Parts, excepting this last part which \"was the end of minimalism\" for Glass." }, { "section_header": "Life and work | 1997–2004: Symphonies, opera, and concertos", "text": "Two symphonies, Symphony No. 5" }, { "section_header": "Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music", "text": "In taking this direction his chamber and orchestral works were also written in a more and more traditional and lyrical style." } ]
He has written 12 symphonies and 11 concertos.
3
5
Philip Glass
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Kalevala (Finnish: Kalevala, IPA: [ˈkɑle̞ʋɑlɑ]) is a 19th-century work of epic poetry compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Karelian and Finnish oral folklore and mythology." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Interpretations", "text": "Some scholars locate the lands of Kalevala in East Karelia, where most of the Kalevala stories were written down." }, { "section_header": "Influence | Literature | Works inspired by", "text": "Franz Anton Schiefner's translation of the Kalevala was one inspiration for Longfellow's 1855 poem The Song of Hiawatha, which is written in a similar trochaic tetrameter." }, { "section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | Lönnrot's field trips", "text": "In correspondence he notes that he has written down many new poems but is unclear on the quantity." }, { "section_header": "Influence | Music | Other musical genres", "text": "The production features original pop, folk and world music score written by Johanna Telander." }, { "section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | Lönnrot's field trips", "text": "In autumn of 1834, Lönnrot had written the vast majority of the work needed for what was to become the Old Kalevala; all that was required was to tie up some narrative loose ends and complete the work." }, { "section_header": "Collection and compilation | Publishing | Translations", "text": "He read them before the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec on 17 March 1869.Francis Peabody Magoun published a scholarly translation of the Kalevala in 1963 written entirely in prose." }, { "section_header": "Influence | Music | Classical music", "text": "Sibelius also composed the music of Jääkärimarssi (The Jäger March) to words written by Finnish soldier and writer Heikki Nurmio." }, { "section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | History", "text": "Finnish folk poetry was first written down in the 17th century and collected by hobbyists and scholars through the following centuries." }, { "section_header": "Influence | Literature | Works inspired by", "text": "The web comic \"A Redtail's Dream\", written and illustrated by Minna Sundberg, cites the Kalevala as an influence. (Physical edition 2014.) The British science fiction writer Ian Watson's Books of Mana duology, Lucky's Harvest and The Fallen Moon, both contain references to places and names from the Kalevala." }, { "section_header": "The story | Cantos | Louhi's Revenge on Kalevala", "text": "She hides the sun and the moon and steals fire from Kalevala." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Kalevala (Finnish: Kalevala, IPA: [ˈkɑle̞ʋɑlɑ]) is a 19th-century work of epic poetry compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Karelian and Finnish oral folklore and mythology." } ]
Kalevala was written by Elora Bennrot.
0
2
Kalevala
Geography
0
[ { "section_header": "Economy | Water supply and sanitation", "text": "It contains 20% of the world's liquid fresh water." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Economy | Water supply and sanitation", "text": "However, as water pollution gets worse, the lake is going to be a swamp instead of a freshwater lake soon." }, { "section_header": "Economy | Water supply and sanitation", "text": "It contains 20% of the world's liquid fresh water." }, { "section_header": "Economy | Water supply and sanitation", "text": "Lake Baikal is famous for its record depth and clear waters." }, { "section_header": "Geography | Topography", "text": "The largest and most prominent of Russia's bodies of fresh water is Lake Baikal, the world's deepest, purest, oldest and most capacious fresh water lake." }, { "section_header": "Geography | Topography", "text": "Its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's liquid fresh water." }, { "section_header": "Economy | Water supply and sanitation", "text": "In Russia, approximately 70 per cent of drinking water comes from surface water and 30 per cent from groundwater." }, { "section_header": "Economy | Water supply and sanitation", "text": "The water utilities sector is one of the largest industries in Russia serving the entire Russian population." }, { "section_header": "Geography | Topography", "text": "Other major lakes include Ladoga and Onega, two of the largest lakes in Europe." }, { "section_header": "Economy | Water supply and sanitation", "text": "The average residential water use was 248 litres per capita per day." }, { "section_header": "Economy | Water supply and sanitation", "text": "In 2004, water supply systems had a total capacity of 90 million cubic metres a day." } ]
Lake Taymyr in Russia has 20 percent of the Earth's unsalted water.
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0
Russia
Sports
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1981." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Andrew \"Rube\" Foster (September 17, 1879 – December 9, 1930) was an American baseball player, manager, and executive in the Negro leagues." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1981." }, { "section_header": "Legacy", "text": "At his funeral, it was said that his coffin was closed, according to attendees, \"at the usual hour a ballgame ends.\" In 1981, Foster was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "Foster was born in Calvert, Texas on September 17, 1879." }, { "section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The Negro Leagues Baseball Museum hosts the annual Andrew \"Rube\" Foster Lecture, in September." }, { "section_header": "Legacy", "text": "He was the first representative of the Negro leagues elected as a pioneer or executive." }, { "section_header": "Legacy", "text": "On December 30, 2009, the U.S. Postal Service announced that it planned to issue a pair of postage stamps in June honoring Negro leagues Baseball." }, { "section_header": "Leland Giants", "text": "Foster, pitching the second game, squandered a 5–2 lead in the ninth inning, then lost the game on a controversial play when a Cubs runner stole home while Foster was arguing with the umpire." }, { "section_header": "Negro National League", "text": "Foster, as president, controlled league operations, while remaining owner and manager of the American Giants." }, { "section_header": "Negro National League", "text": "Foster died in 1930, never having recovered his sanity, and a year later, the league he had founded fell apart." } ]
Andrew "Rube" Foster (September 17, 1879 – December 9, 1930) was an American baseball player, manager, and executive in the Negro leagues, and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1981.
0
0
Rube Foster
Literature
7
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"It\" primarily appears in the form of Pennywise the Dancing Clown to attract its preferred prey of young children." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Plot | 1984–1985", "text": "It's lair, and although they try to bring Audra and Eddie's bodies with them, they are forced to leave Eddie behind." }, { "section_header": "Plot | 1984–1985", "text": "Tom refuses to let Beverly go and tries to beat her, but she lashes out at him before fleeing, causing him serious injury." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He also wanted the story to interweave the stories of children and the adults they later become." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The second film, It Chapter Two, adapted the \"adult\" section and updated the setting to the 2010s, specifically 2016." }, { "section_header": "Development", "text": "King would return to the concept two years later and gradually accumulated ideas and thoughts, particularly the concept of weaving the narratives of children and the adults they become." }, { "section_header": "Themes", "text": "Grady Hendrix of Tor.com described the book as being \"about the fact that some doors only open one way, and that while there’s an exit out of childhood named sex, there’s no door leading the other way that turns adults back into children\"." }, { "section_header": "Plot | 1984–1985", "text": "When a string of violent child killings occurs in Derry once again, an adult Mike Hanlon, now the town's librarian and the only one of the Losers to remain in Derry, calls up the six former members of the Losers Club and reminds them of their childhood promise to return should the killings start again." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"It\" primarily appears in the form of Pennywise the Dancing Clown to attract its preferred prey of young children." } ]
It tries to target adults.
2
7
It (novel)
Technology
0
[ { "section_header": "History", "text": "Kaufer said the original idea wasn't a user generated social media site to swap reviews, \"We started as a site where we were focused more on those official words from guidebooks or newspapers or magazines." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Awards", "text": "In 2019, TripAdvisor was named America's Best Midsize Employer by Forbes." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "In February 2020, the company changed its name from TripAdvisor to Tripadvisor, using a lowercase \"a\"." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "In September 2010, SmarterTravel, part of TripAdvisor Media Group, launched SniqueAway (now Jetsetter), the first members-only site where each travel deal is endorsed by member reviews." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Data breach", "text": "In March 2011, Tripadvisor informed its members that it suffered a data breach and an unauthorized party had stolen some of its email list and might use it for spamming." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Criticism of reviews", "text": "In December 2014, the Italian Antitrust Authority fined TripAdvisor €500,000 for improper commercial practices on the TripAdvisor website." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Criticism of reviews", "text": "The review of first victim, Kristie Love, was eventually reinstated, but the company claimed the review of the second victim, Jamie Valeri, was \"hearsay\" and it was not reinstated." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Criticism of reviews", "text": "The website also allows the community of users to report suspicious content, which is then assessed by TripAdvisor staff." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Criticism of reviews", "text": "The court ruled that TripAdvisor's terms of use constituted a contract, which was actionable/enforceable by the business being reviewed." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Criticism of reviews", "text": "ASA commented that \"it was concerned that consumers might be fooled by fraudulent posts since the entries could be made without any form of verification\", but recognized that TripAdvisor used \"advanced and highly effective fraud systems\" in an attempt to identify and remove fake content." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Tripadvisor, Inc. is an American online travel company that operates a website and mobile app with user-generated content, a comparison shopping website, and offers online hotel reservations as well as bookings for transportation, lodging, travel experiences, and restaurants." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "Kaufer said the original idea wasn't a user generated social media site to swap reviews, \"We started as a site where we were focused more on those official words from guidebooks or newspapers or magazines." } ]
The TripAdvisor website was first designed for an automobile club in America's use.
0
0
TripAdvisor
Popular Culture
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film is about two musicians who dress in drag in order to escape from mafia gangsters whom they witnessed committing a crime (inspired by the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre)." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Reception", "text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"Some Like It Hot: A spry, quick-witted farce that never drags." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film is about two musicians who dress in drag in order to escape from mafia gangsters whom they witnessed committing a crime (inspired by the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre)." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "Joe, dressed as Josephine, sees Sugar onstage singing that she will never love again." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was produced without approval from the Motion Picture Production Code because it plays with the idea of homosexuality and features cross-dressing." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It Hot is considered one of the final nails in the coffin for the Hays Code." }, { "section_header": "Reception", "text": "Some Like It Hot received widespread acclaim from critics, and is considered among the best films of all time." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Some Like It Hot opened to critical and commercial success and is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time." }, { "section_header": "Production | Style", "text": "In terms of cinematography and aesthetics, Billy Wilder chose to shoot the film in black and white as Jack Lemmon and Tony Curtis in full drag costume and make-up looked \"unacceptably grotesque\" in early color tests." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Some Like It Hot is a 1959 American black-and-white romantic comedy film directed and produced by Billy Wilder, starring Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, and Jack Lemmon." }, { "section_header": "Reception", "text": "Imitation of Life was top for two weeks before being replaced again by Some Like It Hot, which remained there for another four weeks before being replaced by Pork Chop Hill." } ]
Some Like It Hot has people dressed in drag.
0
0
Some Like It Hot
Popular Culture
2
[ { "section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "In 2017, the book was also adapted as a short film for the use in the music video for the song Pleader by the band alt-J." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The music video adaptation takes some liberties in retelling the story, with the catastrophic family deaths being caused by a landslide, which was caused by a German V2 rocket during WWII rather than a mine explosion." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Sequels", "text": "Down Where the Moon is Small (1966) – Huw's life in Argentina Green, Green" }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He sits up to \"... look down in the valley.\" He then reflects: \"How green was my Valley that day, too, green and bright in the sun." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is available on DVD from 20th Century Fox as part of their 20th Century Fox Studio Classics collection." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live." }, { "section_header": "Sequels", "text": "The author continued the story of Huw Morgan's life in three sequels: Up Into the Singing Mountain (1960) –" }, { "section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "It tells the story of the Morgans, a respectable mining family of the South Wales Valleys, through the eyes of one of the sons, Huw Morgan." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Directed by John Ford, How Green Was My Valley was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry." }, { "section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "After everyone Huw has known either dies or moves away, and the town is reduced to a contaminated shell, he decides to leave, and tells the story of his life just before going away." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The music video adaptation takes some liberties in retelling the story, with the catastrophic family deaths being caused by a landslide, which was caused by a German V2 rocket during WWII rather than a mine explosion." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "\" The phrase is used again in the novel's last sentence: \"How green was my Valley then, and the Valley of them that have gone.\" In the United States, Llewellyn won the National Book Award for favourite novel of 1940, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "In 2017, the book was also adapted as a short film for the use in the music video for the song Pleader by the band alt-J." } ]
How Green Was My Valley's basic story might have been observed by watching MTV, or other places where "music videos" are seen.
1
2
How Green Was My Valley
Music
3
[ { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "Mariah Carey was born in Huntington, New York, on March 27, 1969 or 1970." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Sasha Frere-Jones, editor of The New Yorker commented, \"It became standard for R&B/" }, { "section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Both the song and album have been hailed as being \"one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon\" by publications such as The New Yorker." }, { "section_header": "Artistry | Voice and timbre", "text": "\"Sasha Frere-Jones of The New Yorker adds her timbre possesses various colors, saying, \"Carey's sound changes with nearly every line, mutating from a steely tone to a vibrating growl and then to a humid, breathy coo." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "Mariah Carey was born in Huntington, New York, on March 27, 1969 or 1970." }, { "section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions", "text": "Columbia spent upwards of $1 million promoting the singer's debut studio album, Mariah Carey." }, { "section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions", "text": "On March 16, 1992, Carey played and recorded an intimate seven-song show at Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, New York." }, { "section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions", "text": "Mariah Carey was the best-selling album in the United States in 1991, and achieved worldwide sales of 15 million copies." }, { "section_header": "Career | 1997–2000: New image and independence, Butterfly, and Rainbow", "text": "After Glitter fell into developmental hell, Carey postponed the project, and began writing material for a new album." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2010–2014: Merry Christmas II You and Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse", "text": "In February 2011, Carey announced that she had begun writing new material for her upcoming fourteenth studio album." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2010–2014: Merry Christmas II You and Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse", "text": "On March 1, 2012, Carey performed at New York City's Gotham Hall; her first time performing since pregnancy." } ]
Mariah Carey is a native New Yorker.
2
3
Mariah Carey
Literature
2
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The play begins in a factory that makes artificial people, called roboti (robots), from synthetic organic matter." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "They may be mistaken for humans and can think for themselves." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The play begins in a factory that makes artificial people, called roboti (robots), from synthetic organic matter." }, { "section_header": "Plot | Epilogue", "text": "Busman is killed attempting to negotiate a peace with the Robots, who then storm the factory and kill all the humans except for Alquist, the company's chief engineer, whom the Robots spare because they recognize that \"he works with his hands like the Robots.\" Years have passed and almost all humans had been killed by the robot revolution except for Alquist." }, { "section_header": "Plot | Act III", "text": "As Robot forces lay siege to the factory, Helena reveals she has burned the formula necessary to make new robots." }, { "section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "One of the robots is seen driving a car with \"RUR\" as the license plate number." }, { "section_header": "Production history | Adaptations", "text": "On 26 November 2015 The RUR-Play: Prologue, the world's first version of R.U.R. with robots appearing in all the roles, was presented during the robot performance festival of Cafe Neu Romance at the gallery of the National Library of Technology in Prague.." }, { "section_header": "Robots", "text": "Nerve fibers, arteries, and intestines are spun on factory bobbins, while the Robots themselves are assembled like automobiles." }, { "section_header": "Plot | Act I", "text": "Eventually, Young Rossum locked his uncle in a laboratory to play with his monsters and mutants, while Young Rossum built factories and cranked out Robots by the thousands." }, { "section_header": "Robots", "text": "There are descriptions of kneading-troughs for robot skin, great vats for liver and brains, and a factory for producing bones." }, { "section_header": "Plot | Act I", "text": "Rossum attempted to make a dog and a man, but failed." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "They may be mistaken for humans and can think for themselves." } ]
The 1920 Czech play R.U.R. starts with a factory that makes robots that can pass for human.
0
2
R.U.R.
Music
5
[ { "section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | 1964 world tour, meeting Bob Dylan, and stand on civil rights", "text": "The group also cancelled their reservations at the whites-only Hotel George Washington in Jacksonville." } ]
6KDKa3vphWDA08TYGE2q
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Controversies, Revolver and final tour", "text": "The band performed none of their new songs on the tour." }, { "section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine", "text": "\" During a band meeting in September, McCartney recommended that the band proceed with Magical Mystery Tour." }, { "section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation", "text": "In March, rejecting the work Johns had done on the project, now retitled Let It Be, Klein gave the session tapes to American producer Phil Spector, who had recently produced Lennon's solo single \"Instant Karma!\" In addition to remixing the material, Spector edited, spliced and overdubbed several of the recordings that had been intended as \"live\"." }, { "section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", "text": "Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, beginning in late November 1966." }, { "section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles", "text": "The next day, the band began its fourth tour of Britain within nine months, this one scheduled for six weeks." }, { "section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles", "text": "The band toured the UK three times in the first half of the year: a four-week tour that began in February, the Beatles' first nationwide, preceded three-week tours in March and May–June." }, { "section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul", "text": "Towards the end of the tour, they met with Elvis Presley, a foundational musical influence on the band, who invited them to his home in Beverly Hills." }, { "section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Controversies, Revolver and final tour", "text": "Immediately afterwards, the band members visited India for the first time." }, { "section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | India retreat, Apple Corps and the White Album", "text": "[It's] John and the band, Paul and the band, George and the band." }, { "section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul", "text": "The band expanded their use of vocal overdubs on Help!" }, { "section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | 1964 world tour, meeting Bob Dylan, and stand on civil rights", "text": "The group also cancelled their reservations at the whites-only Hotel George Washington in Jacksonville." } ]
The band has always done every tour succesfully.
2
5
The Beatles
Sports
4
[ { "section_header": "Career | Death of Matthew Knight", "text": "In May 2004, two years after Knight bought Vinton, his son Matthew, aged 34 years, traveled to El Salvador to film a fund-raising video for Christian Children of the World, a Portland nonprofit organization." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Knight's son, Matthew, died in a scuba diving accident in El Salvador in 2004.Another son of Knight’s, Travis Knight, runs the Laika animation studio." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Career | Post-Nike CEO role", "text": "Knight's retirement from the Nike board took effect at the end of June 2016." }, { "section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks", "text": "Construction started in January 2016 and ended in September 2016." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Phil Knight serves as Chairman." }, { "section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.", "text": "By the end of the meeting, Knight had secured Tiger distribution rights for the western United States." }, { "section_header": "Career | Death of Matthew Knight", "text": "In May 2004, two years after Knight bought Vinton, his son Matthew, aged 34 years, traveled to El Salvador to film a fund-raising video for Christian Children of the World, a Portland nonprofit organization." }, { "section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks", "text": "Knight's personal locker in the team's locker room displays the title \"Uncle Phil\", and other features include a gym with Brazilian hardwood floors, Apple iPhone chargers in each of the player's lockers, various auditoriums and meeting rooms, a games room for the players that includes flat-screen televisions and foosball machines, and a cafeteria." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "Phil Knight was born in Portland, Oregon to Bill Knight, a lawyer turned newspaper publisher, and his wife, Lota (Hatfield) Knight." }, { "section_header": "Career | Post-Nike CEO role", "text": "In September 2017, Knight decided to come out of retirement to put black back in the UNC jerseys for the Phil Knight Classic in Portland, Oregon." }, { "section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks", "text": "In October 2016, Knight and his wife invested $500 million to build a new campus dedicated to science, called the Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact." }, { "section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Controversy", "text": "Knight's contributions to the athletic department at UO have also led to controversy." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Knight's son, Matthew, died in a scuba diving accident in El Salvador in 2004.Another son of Knight’s, Travis Knight, runs the Laika animation studio." } ]
Christianity indirectly but abruptly ended Phil Knight's older progeny.
2
9
Phil Knight
Sports
0
[ { "section_header": "History", "text": "A.C. Milan was founded as Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club in 1899 by" } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Associazione Calcio Milan (Italian pronunciation: [assotʃatˈtsjoːne ˈkaltʃo ˈmiːlan]), commonly referred to as A.C. Milan or simply Milan, is a professional football club in Milan, Italy, founded in 1899." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "A.C. Milan was founded as Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club in 1899 by" }, { "section_header": "A.C. Milan as a company", "text": "Emirates is the current main sponsor for Milan's shirt starting from the 2010–11 season and through to the 2019–20 season." }, { "section_header": "Supporters and rivalries", "text": "The match usually creates a lively atmosphere, with numerous (often humorous or offensive) banners unfolded before the start of the game." }, { "section_header": "Club statistics and records", "text": "In total, Milan's unbeaten streak lasted 58 games, starting with a 0–0 draw against Parma on 26 May 1991 and coincidentally ending with a 1–0 home loss to Parma on 21 March 1993." }, { "section_header": "Club statistics and records", "text": "Since 2007, along with Boca Juniors, Milan has won more FIFA recognised international club titles than any other club in the world with 18 titles." }, { "section_header": "A.C. Milan as a company", "text": "According to The Football Money League published by consultants Deloitte, in the 2005–06 season, Milan was the fifth-highest earning football club in the world with an estimated revenue of €233.7 million." }, { "section_header": "A.C. Milan as a company", "text": "As of 9 October 2019 On 13 April 2017 Milan became a subsidiary of Rossoneri Sport Investment Luxembourg, which acquired 99.92973% shares of A.C. Milan S.p.A. from Fininvest." }, { "section_header": "A.C. Milan as a company", "text": "Elliott nominated new board of directors for both Rossoneri Sport Investment Luxembourg and Milan, with Paolo Scaroni as the new chairman (Italian: presidente) of the board of Milan and interim CEO." }, { "section_header": "A.C. Milan as a company", "text": "Milan was allowed to achieve the break even condition on or before 30 June 2021." } ]
Associazione Calcio Milan or A.C. Milan was also a cricket club when it started in the 19th century.
0
0
A.C. Milan
Sports
0
[ { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "Jimmy Collins was born in Niagara Falls, New York." } ]
6KjLmUxDcWsJSkyDwau0
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "After his retirement from baseball, they moved back to Buffalo, where Collins worked for the Buffalo Parks Department." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Joseph Collins (January 16, 1870 – March 6, 1943) was an American professional baseball player." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball." }, { "section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues", "text": "Collins began his professional baseball career with the minor league Buffalo Bisons of the Eastern League, the forerunner of the current International League, in 1893." }, { "section_header": "Playing career | Major league debut", "text": "Collins began his major league career as a right fielder, playing ten games at the position with the Beaneaters in 1895." }, { "section_header": "Honors", "text": "Collins became a charter member of the Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985.In" }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "Jimmy Collins was born in Niagara Falls, New York." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "After graduating from St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute, he went to work for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad and played baseball in the Buffalo City League." }, { "section_header": "Playing career | Remaining career", "text": "After his major league career ended, Collins continued to play and manage in the minor leagues." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Collins was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945." } ]
James Collins was in Major League Baseball and was given the nickname Buff, short for Buffalo, where he was born.
0
0
Jimmy Collins
Literature
2
[ { "section_header": "Plot | Act II", "text": "While Duncan is asleep, Macbeth stabs him, despite his doubts and a number of supernatural portents, including a hallucination of a bloody dagger." } ]
6KtShiYXglbuXv2WHvdZ
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Macbeth Macbeth (; full title The Tragedy of Macbeth) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare; it is thought to have been first performed in 1606." }, { "section_header": "Themes and motifs | Witchcraft and evil", "text": "While the witches do not tell Macbeth directly to kill King Duncan, they use a subtle form of temptation when they tell Macbeth that he is destined to be king." }, { "section_header": "Plot | Act II", "text": "fearing that whoever killed Duncan desires their demise as well." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Shakespeare's source for the story is the account of Macbeth, King of Scotland, Macduff, and Duncan in Holinshed's Chronicles (1587), a history of England, Scotland, and Ireland familiar to Shakespeare and his contemporaries, although the events in the play differ extensively from the history of the real Macbeth." }, { "section_header": "Performance history | 20th century to present", "text": "In contrast to Nunn, Doran presented a world in which king Duncan and his soldiers were ultimately benign and honest, heightening the deviance of Macbeth (who seems genuinely surprised by the witches' prophesies) and Lady Macbeth in plotting to kill the king." }, { "section_header": "Date and text", "text": "\" Shakespeare begins the play by using the words \"fair\" and \"foul\" in the first speeches of the witches and Macbeth." }, { "section_header": "Plot | Act V", "text": "A battle culminates in Macduff's confrontation with Macbeth, who kills Young Siward in combat." }, { "section_header": "Plot | Act V", "text": "Macbeth boasts that he has no reason to fear Macduff, for he cannot be killed by any man born of woman." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Of all the plays that Shakespeare wrote during the reign of James I, who was patron of Shakespeare's acting company, Macbeth most clearly reflects the playwright's relationship with his sovereign." }, { "section_header": "Performance history | 20th century to present", "text": "The play caused grave difficulties for the Royal Shakespeare Company, especially at the (then) Shakespeare Memorial Theatre." }, { "section_header": "Plot | Act II", "text": "While Duncan is asleep, Macbeth stabs him, despite his doubts and a number of supernatural portents, including a hallucination of a bloody dagger." } ]
In the play by William Shakespeare The Tragedy of Macbeth, Macbeth kills Duncan in a duel.
3
4
Macbeth
Sports
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born in Tiskilwa, Illinois, Giles attended Washington & Lee University and served as an infantry officer in France during World War I. Before becoming a full-time baseball executive he worked as a football and basketball official in the Missouri Valley Conference, a major U.S. college sports league." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Giles spent 33 years in high-level posts in Major League Baseball as club president and general manager of the Cincinnati Reds (1937–1951) and president of the National League (1951–1969), and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born in Tiskilwa, Illinois, Giles attended Washington & Lee University and served as an infantry officer in France during World War I. Before becoming a full-time baseball executive he worked as a football and basketball official in the Missouri Valley Conference, a major U.S. college sports league." }, { "section_header": "National League president", "text": "In 1969, Giles' last year in office, his league expanded into Canada with the Montreal Expos, adopted divisional play, and played the first National League Championship Series, between the Braves and Mets." }, { "section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds", "text": "That season, he hired a future Hall of Fame manager, Bill McKechnie, to take charge of the Reds on the field." }, { "section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds", "text": "Upon the recommendation of Cardinals' executive Branch Rickey, Powel Crosley Jr., owner of the Cincinnati Reds, appointed Giles as his club's general manager on November 1, 1936, succeeding Larry MacPhail." }, { "section_header": "National League president", "text": "During his tenure, the National League won 16 of 22 All-Star games played, with one tie. (Two games were played each year from 1959 to 1962.) The NL also won ten of 18 World Series during Giles' term." }, { "section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds", "text": "He then joined the St. Louis Cardinals' organization and rose to prominence as the president and business manager of their top-level farm teams, the Syracuse Stars (1926–1927) and Rochester Red Wings (1928–1936) of the International League." }, { "section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds", "text": "the 1938 Major League Executive of the Year award from The Sporting News." }, { "section_header": "National League president", "text": "In March 1953, the Braves pulled up stakes in Boston, where they had played since 1876 as a charter member of the National League, and moved to Milwaukee." }, { "section_header": "National League president", "text": "The same expansion brought Major League Baseball to Texas and the Southwest, with the Houston Colt .45s." } ]
Giles went to college, fought for his country and played in the major leagues and managed the Reds.
0
0
Warren Giles
Popular Culture
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Catherine Elise Blanchett (; born 14 May 1969) is an Australian actress and theatre director." } ]
6ME5swXerAEUvao44pw2
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Career | 2012–2016", "text": "Blanchett reprised her role as Galadriel in Peter Jackson's adaptations of The Hobbit (2012–2014), prequel to The Lord of the Rings series, filmed in New Zealand." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Blanchett is a patron of the new Australian Pavilion in the Venice Biennale, and spoke at its opening at the Venice Giardini in May 2015." }, { "section_header": "Awards", "text": "\"In 2006, a portrait of Blanchett and family painted by McLean Edwards was a finalist for the Art Gallery of New South Wales' Archibald Prize." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2000–2007", "text": "Already an acclaimed actress, Blanchett received a host of new fans when she starred in Peter Jackson's Academy Award-winning blockbuster trilogy, The Lord of the Rings, playing the role of Galadriel in all three films." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "She has been presented with honorary Doctor of Letters degrees from the University of New South Wales, University of Sydney and Macquarie University." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2008–2011", "text": "A Streetcar Named Desire production traveled from Sydney to the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York, and the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2000–2007", "text": "In addition to The Lord of the Rings, 2001 also saw Blanchett diversify her portfolio with a range of roles in the dramas Charlotte Gray and The Shipping News and the American crime-comedy Bandits, for which she earned a second Golden Globe and SAG Award nomination." }, { "section_header": "Awards", "text": "She has been presented with honorary Doctor of Letters degree from the University of Sydney, the University of New South Wales and Macquarie University in recognition of her contribution to the arts, philanthropy and the community." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Following the sale of their property there in late 2015, Blanchett and Upton purchased a house in East Sussex, England in early 2016.Blanchett has spoken about feminism and politics, telling Sky News in 2013 that she was concerned that \"a wave of conservatism sweeping the globe\" was threatening women's role in society." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2008–2011", "text": "She played Lotte Kotte in a new translation of Botho Strauß's 1978 play Groß und klein (Big and Small) from Martin Crimp, directed by Benedict Andrews." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Catherine Elise Blanchett (; born 14 May 1969) is an Australian actress and theatre director." } ]
Cate Blanchett is a New Zealander from Auckland.
0
0
Cate Blanchett
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Described as \"one of the most famous and frequently anthologized stories in American literature\", it was originally published by The San Francisco Examiner on July 13, 1890, and was first collected in Bierce's book Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (1891)." } ]
6NUYVZWqHGQR2XLF18Co
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story, which is set during the American Civil War, is known for its irregular time sequence and twist ending." }, { "section_header": "Stories with similar structure", "text": "Bierce's story highlighted the idea of subjective time passing at the moment of death and popularized the fictional device of false narrative continuation, which has been in wide circulation ever since then." }, { "section_header": "Influence", "text": "In an interview with Trevor Groth, Wyatt said \"The structure of the film's plot was inspired by a well known short story written in the 19th century by Ambrose Bierce called 'An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge'." }, { "section_header": "Influence", "text": "The story's irregular time sequence and \"blink-of-an-eye\" twist ending has inspired numerous works, including: The \"Star Trek- Deep Space Nine\" episode \"Hard Time\" in which Chief O'Brien spends twenty years in an alien prison after which he is brought back to reality only to realize there was no prison and no time had passed." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "It is revealed that Farquhar never escaped at all; he imagined the entire third part of the story during the time between falling through the bridge and the noose breaking his neck." }, { "section_header": "Influence", "text": "After serving his time, he comes back to reality only to learn he never went to prison and no time had passed." }, { "section_header": "Stories with similar structure", "text": "\"The South\" (1949), William Golding's Pincher Martin (1956), Terry Gilliam's Brazil (1985) as well as Julio Cortázar's \"The Island at Midday\", and Leo Perutz's \"From Nine to Nine\"." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos", "text": "British actor Ronald Howard was broadcast in 1959 during the fifth season of the Alfred Hitchcock Presents television anthology series." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "Peyton Farquhar, a civilian and plantation owner, is being prepared for execution by hanging from an Alabama railroad bridge during the American Civil War." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos", "text": "La rivière du hibou (\"The Owl River\", known in English as An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge), a French version directed by Robert Enrico and produced by Marcel Ichac and Paul de Roubaix, was released in 1963." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Described as \"one of the most famous and frequently anthologized stories in American literature\", it was originally published by The San Francisco Examiner on July 13, 1890, and was first collected in Bierce's book Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (1891)." } ]
The novel was not well known during its time of publication and only became popular many years after.
0
0
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
Sports
3
[ { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "He reportedly used \"awful\" language, then threw dirt on the Umpire's \"newly creased trousers.\" His temper caused him to walk off the Monarchs in 1926 after a dispute involving a stolen diamond ring." } ]
6Nma9jcUlOR63U1gxdPN
SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Cuban League career", "text": "Torriente outhit Ruth in most categories and Almendares" }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Again on August 23, 1915, Torriente kicked Umpire Kelly after Kelly called him out when Torriente attempted to steal third base." }, { "section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "Torriente would play several years for both teams." }, { "section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "Torriente was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006." }, { "section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "Torriente played on the great Chicago American Giants teams of 1918–1925." }, { "section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "Torriente was primarily a pull hitter, though he could hit with power to all fields." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 1918, 24 year-old Torriente registered with the WWI draft." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played from 1912 to 1932. Torriente was elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "After baseball, Torriente lived for a short time in Ybor City, Florida and faded into obscurity." }, { "section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "Torriente was traded to the Kansas City Monarchs in 1926 and led the team with a .381 batting average." }, { "section_header": "Personal life", "text": "He reportedly used \"awful\" language, then threw dirt on the Umpire's \"newly creased trousers.\" His temper caused him to walk off the Monarchs in 1926 after a dispute involving a stolen diamond ring." } ]
Cristobal Torriente was infamous for being disrespectful and having a terrible attitude.
1
5
Cristóbal Torriente
Sports
1
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was a player or player-manager for the Chicago White Stockings, Chicago Pirates, Boston Reds, Boston Beaneaters, Milwaukee Brewers and Philadelphia Phillies between 1888 and 1906." } ]
6ON6qfUkuLlsvt1oFyPg
SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "He stayed with the team in 1911." }, { "section_header": "Playing career", "text": "Duffy was a player-manager for the Phillies from 1904 to 1906." }, { "section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "He moved to the Milwaukee Brewers of the American Association in 1912, but he was fired after a season in which the team struggled." }, { "section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "Duffy agreed to manage the Chicago White Sox in 1910." }, { "section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "Duffy spent three years (1907–1909) as manager of the Providence Grays." }, { "section_header": "Playing career", "text": "During the 1902 and 1903 seasons, Duffy was player-manager for the Western League's Milwaukee franchise." }, { "section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "He made $2,000 in his last season as the Providence manager and The Evening News in Providence wrote that Duffy was paid hundreds of dollars less than any other manager in the Eastern League." }, { "section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "In 1921, Duffy was hired as full-time manager of the Red Sox, guiding them for two seasons." }, { "section_header": "Playing career", "text": "He was player-manager for the Milwaukee Brewers in 1901." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "He played a couple years of minor league ball in the New England League before jumping to the majors, starting up in the league's initial season of 1886, and playing on clubs in Hartford, Springfield and Salem, as well as the Lowell, Massachusetts team in 1887." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was a player or player-manager for the Chicago White Stockings, Chicago Pirates, Boston Reds, Boston Beaneaters, Milwaukee Brewers and Philadelphia Phillies between 1888 and 1906." } ]
Duffy played or managed for six teams throughout his career.
0
1
Hugh Duffy
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (also known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass) is an 1871 novel by Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations", "text": "Alice Through a Looking Glass (1928), a silent movie directed by Walter Lang, would be one of the earliest stand-alone adaptations of the book." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (also known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass) is an 1871 novel by Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)." }, { "section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Stage productions", "text": "Lookingglass Alice (2007) was an acrobatic interpretation of both novels, produced by the Lookingglass Theater Company, that performed in New York City, Philadelphia, and Chicago, with a version of the show touring the rest of the United States." }, { "section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations", "text": "Despite its translated name, the film's original, Russian title is Алиса В Зазеркалье, 'Alice in Wonderland'." }, { "section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations", "text": "A dramatised audio-recorded version, directed by Douglas Cleverdon, was released in 1959 by Argo Records." }, { "section_header": "The Wasp in a Wig", "text": "For many years, no one had any idea what this missing section was or whether it had survived." }, { "section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Stage productions", "text": "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass (2001) was a stage adaption by Adrian Mitchell for the Royal Shakespeare Company, in which the second act consists of Through the Looking-Glass." }, { "section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Chapter Eight – \"It's my own Invention\": Upon leaving the Lion and Unicorn to their fight, Alice reaches the seventh rank by crossing another brook into the forested territory of the Red Knight, who is intent on capturing the \"white pawn\"—Alice—until the White Knight comes to her rescue." }, { "section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations", "text": "Alice Through the Looking Glass (1973) is a BBC TV movie, directed by James MacTaggart and starring Sarah Sutton as Alice." }, { "section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations", "text": "Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016), directed by James Bobin, is a sequel to the Tim-Burton-directed Disney reboot Alice in Wonderland (2010)." } ]
Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There has had many adaptations since it's original 1928 release.
0
0
Through the Looking Glass
History
0
[ { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "His maternal grandfather, also named Alcibiades, was a friend of Cleisthenes, the famous constitutional reformer of the late 6th century BC." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Assessments | Political career", "text": "The same scholar underscores the fact that \"his example of restless and undisciplined ambition strengthened the charge brought against Socrates\"." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "His father was Cleinias, who had distinguished himself in the Persian War both as a fighter himself and by personally subsidizing the cost of a trireme." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "Alcibiades thereby, through his mother, belonged to the powerful and controversial family of the Alcmaeonidae; the renowned Pericles and his brother Ariphron were Deinomache's cousins, as her father and their mother were siblings." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "The family of Cleinias had old connections with the Spartan aristocracy through a relationship of xenia, and the name \"Alcibiades\" was of Spartan origin." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "His maternal grandfather, also named Alcibiades, was a friend of Cleisthenes, the famous constitutional reformer of the late 6th century BC." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "She lived with him until her death, which came soon after, and gave birth to two children, a son named Alcibiades the Younger and a daughter." }, { "section_header": "Political career until 412 BC | Sicilian Expedition", "text": "Alcibiades was suspicious of their intentions, and asked to be allowed to stand trial immediately, under penalty of death, in order to clear his name." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "Xenophon attempted to clear Socrates' name at trial by relaying information that Alcibiades was always corrupt and that Socrates merely failed in attempting to teach him morality." }, { "section_header": "Political career until 412 BC | Rise to prominence", "text": "An oration urging Alcibiades' ostracism, \"Against Alcibiades\" (historically attributed to the orator Andocides but not in fact by him), alleges that Alcibiades had a child by one of these enslaved women." }, { "section_header": "Early years", "text": "It was believed that Socrates took Alcibiades as a student because he believed he could change Alcibiades from his vain ways." } ]
Alcibiades had the same name as his father's father.
0
0
Alcibiades
History
0
[ { "section_header": "Tomb of Philip II at Aigai", "text": "damage to the right eye caused by the penetration of an object (historically recorded to be an arrow).A study of the bones published in 2015 indicates that Philip was buried in Tomb I, not Tomb II." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Tomb of Philip II at Aigai", "text": "Tomb II instead was identified in the study as that of King Arrhidaeus and his wife Eurydice II." }, { "section_header": "Tomb of Philip II at Aigai", "text": "Although there was much debate for some years, as suspected at the time of the discovery Tomb II has been shown to be that of Philip II as indicated by many features, including the greaves, one of which was shaped consistently to fit a leg with a misaligned tibia (Philip II was recorded as having broken his tibia)." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Philip II of Macedon (Greek: Φίλιππος Β΄ ὁ Μακεδών; 382–336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC." }, { "section_header": "Biography | Early military career", "text": "During the siege, Philip was injured in his right eye, which was later removed surgically." }, { "section_header": "Legacy | Dedications", "text": "Filippos Veria, one of the most successful handball teams of Greece, bears the name of Philip II." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was a member of the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings, the third son of King Amyntas III of Macedon, and father of Alexander the Great and Philip III." }, { "section_header": "Tomb of Philip II at Aigai", "text": "In 1977, Greek archaeologist Manolis Andronikos started excavating the Great Tumulus at Aigai near modern Vergina, the capital and burial site of the kings of Macedon, and found that two of the four tombs in the tumulus were undisturbed since antiquity." }, { "section_header": "Assassination", "text": "While the king was entering unprotected into the town's theatre (highlighting his approachability to the Greek diplomats present), he was killed by Pausanias of Orestis, one of his seven bodyguards." }, { "section_header": "Legacy | Fictional portrayals", "text": "Fredric March portrayed Philip II of Macedon in the film Alexander the Great (1956)." }, { "section_header": "Tomb of Philip II at Aigai", "text": "More recent research gives further evidence that Tomb II contains the remains of Philip II." }, { "section_header": "Tomb of Philip II at Aigai", "text": "damage to the right eye caused by the penetration of an object (historically recorded to be an arrow).A study of the bones published in 2015 indicates that Philip was buried in Tomb I, not Tomb II." } ]
Philip II of Macedon was not yet the king when one of his eyeballs was injured by a spear.
0
0
Philip II of Macedon
Music
0
[ { "section_header": "Biography | Early life and education", "text": "Franz Peter Schubert was born in Himmelpfortgrund (now a part of Alsergrund), Vienna, Archduchy of Austria on 31 January 1797, and baptised in the Catholic Church the following day." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Biography | Early life and education", "text": "Young Schubert first came to the attention of Antonio Salieri, then" }, { "section_header": "Recognition | Commemorations", "text": "In 1897, the 100th anniversary of Schubert's birth was marked in the musical world by festivals and performances dedicated to his music." }, { "section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death", "text": "In 1872, a memorial to Franz Schubert was erected in Vienna's Stadtpark." }, { "section_header": "Music | Publication – catalogue | Deutsch catalogue", "text": "Franz Schubert: Thematic Catalogue of his Works in Chronological Order)." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Appreciation of Schubert's music while he was alive was limited to a relatively small circle of admirers in Vienna, but interest in his work increased significantly in the decades following his death." }, { "section_header": "Biography | Musical maturity", "text": "In 1822, Schubert made the acquaintance of both Weber and Beethoven, but little came of it in either case: however, Beethoven is said to have acknowledged the younger man's gifts on a few occasions." }, { "section_header": "Biography | Early life and education", "text": "Schubert's immediate ancestors came originally from the province of Zuckmantel in Austrian Silesia." }, { "section_header": "Biography | Early life and education", "text": "He came to Vienna from Zukmantel in 1784 and was appointed schoolmaster two years later." }, { "section_header": "Biography | Musical maturity", "text": "On his deathbed, Beethoven is said to have looked into some of the younger man's works and exclaimed: \"Truly, the spark of divine genius resides in this Schubert!\" Beethoven also reportedly predicted that Schubert \"would make a great sensation in the world,\" and regretted that he had not been more familiar with him earlier; he wished to see his operas and works for piano, but his severe illness prevented him from doing so." }, { "section_header": "Music | Publication – catalogue | Deutsch catalogue", "text": "Since relatively few of Schubert's works were published in his lifetime, only a small number of them have opus numbers assigned, and even in those cases, the sequence of the numbers does not give a good indication of the order of composition." }, { "section_header": "Biography | Early life and education", "text": "Franz Peter Schubert was born in Himmelpfortgrund (now a part of Alsergrund), Vienna, Archduchy of Austria on 31 January 1797, and baptised in the Catholic Church the following day." } ]
Franz Schubert came into this world in Horgenburg, a small town in Southern Germany.
0
0
Franz Schubert
Popular Culture
1
[ { "section_header": "Setting | Structure", "text": "Each book in The Hunger Games trilogy has three sections of nine chapters each." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Setting | Structure", "text": "Each book in The Hunger Games trilogy has three sections of nine chapters each." }, { "section_header": "Setting | Structure", "text": "She sees each group of nine chapters as a separate part of the story, and comments still call those divisions \"act breaks\"." }, { "section_header": "Popular culture | Critical reception", "text": "The last book, Mockingjay, was criticized by Dan Shade of SF Site, who felt that Katniss is a weaker character than her comrades and less resolute in her journey to the Capitol, and that with respect to her vendetta against President Snow, her actions in the finale are inconsistent with her established character." }, { "section_header": "Setting", "text": "As punishment for a past rebellion against the Capitol (called the \"Dark Days\"), in which District 13 was destroyed, one boy and one girl from each of the twelve remaining districts, between the ages of 12 and 18, are selected by lottery to compete in an annual pageant called the Hunger Games." }, { "section_header": "Novels | Prequel | The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes", "text": "The book was released on May 19, 2020." }, { "section_header": "Popular culture | Critical reception", "text": "All three books have been favorably received." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "By the time the film adaptation of The Hunger Games was released in 2012, the publisher had reported over 26 million Hunger Games trilogy books in print, including movie tie-in books." }, { "section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games", "text": "The Hunger Games is the first book in the series and was released on September 14, 2008." }, { "section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | Mockingjay", "text": "Mockingjay, the third and final book in The Hunger Games series, was released on August 24, 2010." }, { "section_header": "Popular culture | Critical reception", "text": "Catching Fire was praised for improving upon the first book." } ]
The books are a trilogy that each have ten chapters with each chapter reprsenting a different character.
2
4
The Hunger Games
Music
3
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey." }, { "section_header": "History | Formation and \"Runaway\" (1980–1983)", "text": "Jon Bon Jovi began performing music live in 1975, at the age of 13, playing piano and guitar with his first band, Raze." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "History | Bon Jovi, 7800° Fahrenheit, Slippery When Wet and New Jersey (1984–1989)", "text": "With the help of their new manager Doc McGhee they recorded the band's debut album, Bon Jovi, which was released on January 21, 1984." }, { "section_header": "History | The Circle and Greatest Hits (2009–2011)", "text": "In April 2009, Phil Griffin's documentary on the band, \"When We Were Beautiful\", debuted at the Tribeca Film Festival, chronicling Bon Jovi's ups and downs over 25 years and following the band on their latest Lost Highway tour." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1984 and 1985, Bon Jovi released their first two albums and their debut single \"Runaway\" managed to crack the Top 40." }, { "section_header": "History | Crush, Bounce and This Left Feels Right (1999–2003)", "text": "The album debuted at number two in both the U.S. and UK." }, { "section_header": "History | The Circle and Greatest Hits (2009–2011)", "text": "The album debuted at number one in the U.S., Canada, Germany and Japan." }, { "section_header": "History | Keep the Faith, Cross Road and These Days (1992–1996)", "text": "The album debuted at number one in UK and spent four consecutive weeks at the top position." }, { "section_header": "History | Bon Jovi, 7800° Fahrenheit, Slippery When Wet and New Jersey (1984–1989)", "text": "While the album did not sell as well as the band had hoped, it allowed Bon Jovi to get out on the road touring again." }, { "section_header": "History | Burning Bridges and This House Is Not for Sale (2015–2018)", "text": "On November 4, 2016, the band officially released their 13th studio album, This House Is Not for Sale which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with 129,000 album-equivalent units, of which 128,000 were pure album sales." }, { "section_header": "History | Have a Nice Day and Lost Highway (2005–2008)", "text": "The album debuted at number two in both the U.S. and UK, reaching number one in fifteen countries." }, { "section_header": "History | The Circle and Greatest Hits (2009–2011)", "text": "The album debuted at number one in Canada, Ireland, Europe, Australia and made the top five in twenty countries." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey." }, { "section_header": "History | Formation and \"Runaway\" (1980–1983)", "text": "Jon Bon Jovi began performing music live in 1975, at the age of 13, playing piano and guitar with his first band, Raze." } ]
The Bon Jovi band debuted in 1979.
1
3
Bon Jovi
Science
5
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "A polymer (; Greek poly-, \"many\" + -mer, \"part\") is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Structure | Morphology", "text": "In isotactic polypropylene, the molecules form a helix." }, { "section_header": "Properties | Phase behavior | Mixing behavior", "text": "Furthermore, the phase behavior of polymer solutions and mixtures is more complex than that of small molecule mixtures." }, { "section_header": "Properties | Phase behavior | Mixing behavior", "text": "In general, polymeric mixtures are far less miscible than mixtures of small molecule materials." }, { "section_header": "Properties | Chemical properties", "text": "Polymers containing amide or carbonyl groups can form hydrogen bonds between adjacent chains; the partially positively charged hydrogen atoms in N-H groups of one chain are strongly attracted to the partially negatively charged oxygen atoms in C=" }, { "section_header": "Properties | Phase behavior | Mixing behavior", "text": "Since polymeric molecules are much larger and hence generally have much higher specific volumes than small molecules, the number of molecules involved in a polymeric mixture is far smaller than the number in a small molecule mixture of equal volume." }, { "section_header": "Properties | Chemical properties", "text": "The attractive forces between polymer chains play a large part in determining the polymer’s properties." }, { "section_header": "Characterization", "text": "Polymer characterization spans many techniques for determining the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, and physical properties." }, { "section_header": "Structure | Morphology | Crystallinity", "text": "The crystallinity of polymers is characterized by their degree of crystallinity, ranging from zero for a completely non-crystalline polymer to one for a theoretical completely crystalline polymer." }, { "section_header": "Properties | Phase behavior | Mixing behavior", "text": "The energetics of mixing, on the other hand, is comparable on a per volume basis for polymeric and small molecule mixtures." }, { "section_header": "Properties | Phase behavior | Crystallization and melting", "text": "Depending on their chemical structures, polymers may be either semi-crystalline or amorphous." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "A polymer (; Greek poly-, \"many\" + -mer, \"part\") is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits." } ]
A polymer is a polypropylene chemical mixture of large molecules and composite partially crystalline and non-polar neutrons.
2
6
Polymer
Geography
5
[ { "section_header": "Unusual traffic | Other", "text": "To celebrate the 2014 Tour de France's transfer from its opening stages in Britain to France in July of that year, Chris Froome of Team Sky rode a bicycle through the service tunnel, becoming the first solo rider to do so." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Unusual traffic | Other", "text": "To celebrate the 2014 Tour de France's transfer from its opening stages in Britain to France in July of that year, Chris Froome of Team Sky rode a bicycle through the service tunnel, becoming the first solo rider to do so." }, { "section_header": "Operation | Usage and services | Freight traffic volumes", "text": "For through freight trains, the first year prediction was 7.2 million gross tonnes; the actual 1995 figure was 1.3M gross tonnes." }, { "section_header": "Operation | Usage and services", "text": "Transport services offered by the tunnel are as follows: Eurotunnel Le Shuttle roll-on roll-off shuttle service for road vehicles and their drivers and passengers, Eurostar passenger trains, through freight trains." }, { "section_header": "Operation | Usage and services", "text": "There have been a number of operators interested in running trains through the tunnel and along High Speed 1 to London." }, { "section_header": "Engineering | Rolling stock | International passenger", "text": "The Class 374 entered service in 2016 and have been operating through the Channel Tunnel ever since alongside the current Class 373." }, { "section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Safety", "text": "The tunnel was the first main-line railway tunnel to have special cooling equipment." }, { "section_header": "Origins | Completion", "text": "A 50mm (2 in) diameter pilot hole allowed the service tunnel to break through without ceremony on 30 October 1990." }, { "section_header": "Origins | Completion", "text": "On 1 December 1990, Englishman Graham Fagg and Frenchman Phillippe Cozette broke through the service tunnel with the media watching." }, { "section_header": "Operation | Usage and services | Economic performance", "text": "In 1999 Eurostar posted its first net profit, having made a loss of £925m in 1995." }, { "section_header": "Origins | Earlier proposals", "text": "By 1955, defence arguments had become less relevant due to the dominance of air power, and both the British and French governments supported technical and geological surveys." } ]
Chris Froome of Team Sky rode a bike through the service tunnel, becoming the first solo rider to do so.
3
5
Channel Tunnel
Sports
3
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2018." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hoffman was the major leagues' first player to reach the 500- and 600-save milestones, and was the all-time saves leader from 2006 until 2011." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Player profile | Work ethic", "text": "\"I played with George Brett, a Hall of Famer who was a great worker." }, { "section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2003–2006", "text": "He passed Jeff Reardon (367) and Hall of Famer Dennis Eckersley (390) to end the season third on the all-time saves list." }, { "section_header": "Player profile | Work ethic", "text": "But Trevor took it to a level and a commitment and Hall of Fame caliber." }, { "section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 1996–1998", "text": "The following season on June 23, 1997, he came in with the bases loaded in the ninth inning and struck out J. T. Snow to save the 11–6 win over the San Francisco Giants and became the Padres' career saves leader with 109, passing Hall of Famer Rollie Fingers." }, { "section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2007–2008", "text": "On September 29, one strike away from clinching the Padres third consecutive playoff berth, Hoffman surrendered a tying, two-out triple in the ninth inning to Tony Gwynn, Jr., son of legendary Padres Hall of Famer Tony Gwynn." }, { "section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2009–2010", "text": "Hoffman recorded his first save for Milwaukee the next day, and the Brewers continued with his \"Trevor Time\" entrance." }, { "section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 1996–1998", "text": "During the 1998 season, Hoffman began entering save situations in Padres home games to the entrance music of AC/DC's \"Hells Bells\" playing over the public address system, an event that came to be known as \"Trevor Time\"." }, { "section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Still, his large volume of saves made him a strong candidate for the Hall of Fame." }, { "section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 1999–2002", "text": "On August 15, 2001, Hoffman recorded his 300th save in a 2–1 home win over the Mets." }, { "section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2003–2006", "text": "Hoffman saved a 3–1 win over the Diamondbacks on September 30 as the Padres to clinched a playoff berth." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2018." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hoffman was the major leagues' first player to reach the 500- and 600-save milestones, and was the all-time saves leader from 2006 until 2011." } ]
Trevor Hoffman is a Hall of Famer with over 550 saves.
0
4
Trevor Hoffman
Literature
5
[ { "section_header": "Authorship", "text": "Anthony C. Yu states that the identity of the author, as with so many other major works of Chinese fiction, \"remains unclear\" but that Wu remains \"the most likely\" author." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Authorship", "text": "Anthony C. Yu states that the identity of the author, as with so many other major works of Chinese fiction, \"remains unclear\" but that Wu remains \"the most likely\" author." }, { "section_header": "Notable English-language translations", "text": "For many years, the most well-known translation available in English." }, { "section_header": "Sequels", "text": "The author, Dong Yue (董說), wrote the book because he wanted to create an opponent—in this case desire—that Sun could not defeat with his great strength and martial skill." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Arthur Waley's popular abridged translation, Monkey, is well known in English-speaking countries." }, { "section_header": "Main characters | Sha Wujing or Sandy", "text": "Sha is known to be the most obedient, logical, and polite of the three disciples, and always takes care of his master, seldom engaging in the bickering of his fellow disciples." }, { "section_header": "Authorship", "text": "W.J.F. Jenner points out that although Wu had knowledge of Chinese bureaucracy and politics, the novel itself does not include any political details that \"a fairly well-read commoner could not have known\"." }, { "section_header": "Main characters | Zhu Bajie or Pigsy", "text": "Zhu Bajie (豬八戒, literally \"Pig of the Eight Prohibitions\") is also known as Zhu Wuneng (\"Pig Awakened to Ability\"), and given the name Pigsy, Monk Pig or just simply Pig in English." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Journey to the West (Chinese: 西遊記" }, { "section_header": "Historical context", "text": "The novel Journey to the West was based on historical events." }, { "section_header": "Authorship", "text": "What the gazetteer says is that Wu wrote something called The Journey to the West." } ]
Journey to the West's true author isn't known.
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7
Journey to the West
Geography
0
[ { "section_header": "Prison life and the cells | A-Block", "text": "A law library was set up at some point, where inmates could type legal documents." }, { "section_header": "Prison life and the cells | A-Block", "text": "A small barber's shop was located at the end of A-block where inmates would have a monthly haircut." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "History | Escape attempts | \"Escape from Alcatraz\"", "text": "The noise was disguised by accordions played during music hour, and the progress was concealed by false walls which, in the dark recesses of the cells, fooled the guards." }, { "section_header": "Prison life and the cells | Recreation", "text": "The prisoners of Alcatraz were permitted to play games such as baseball, softball and other sports at these times and intellectual games such as chess." }, { "section_header": "History | Final years", "text": "By the 1950s, conditions at Alcatraz had improved, and inmates were gradually permitted more privileges, such as playing musical instruments, watching movies on weekends, painting, and radio use; the strict code of silence became more relaxed, and prisoners were permitted to talk quietly." }, { "section_header": "Prison life and the cells | Recreation", "text": "Inmates who worked seven days a week in the kitchen were rewarded with short yard breaks during the weekdays." }, { "section_header": "Other buildings | New Industries Building", "text": "The laundry room occupied the entire upper floor, the largest in San Francisco at the time." }, { "section_header": "Prison life and the cells | Dining", "text": "Inmates were permitted to eat as much as they liked within 20 minutes, provided they left no waste." }, { "section_header": "History | Early history", "text": "That same month, the barracks building was remodeled into 11 new apartments and nine single rooms for bachelors; by this time there were 52 families living on Alcatraz, including 126 women and children." }, { "section_header": "Prison life and the cells", "text": "Every evening, inmates would generally read books loaned from the library and usually an hour or 75 minutes was allocated to the practicing of musical instruments, from the guitar to the accordion." }, { "section_header": "Prison life and the cells", "text": "An inmate register reveals that there were 1,576 prisoners in total held at Alcatraz during its time as a Federal Penitentiary, although figures reported have varied and some have stated 1557." }, { "section_header": "Prison life and the cells", "text": "A prison band often practiced in the dining room or auditorium above it." }, { "section_header": "Prison life and the cells | A-Block", "text": "A law library was set up at some point, where inmates could type legal documents." }, { "section_header": "Prison life and the cells | A-Block", "text": "A small barber's shop was located at the end of A-block where inmates would have a monthly haircut." } ]
Within Alcatraz was a music room where inmates could be rewarded for positive behaviors with playing time.
0
0
Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
Popular Culture
2
[ { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "When they return to New York, Dr. Sloper threatens to disinherit his daughter if she marries Morris, and they have a bitter argument in which he makes his disdain and distaste for her abundantly clear, and she realizes how poorly he views her." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "Aunt Lavinia is thrilled for her niece, thinking this is Catherine's great chance." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "Catherine is impatient to cut off all contact with her father and desperate to prove him and Aunt Lavinia incorrect: someone does love her, and not her money, and she has not been stupid to think so." }, { "section_header": "Reception", "text": "He has brought the full-bodied people very closely and vividly to view, while maintaining the clarity and sharpness of their personalities, their emotions and their styles ... The Heiress is one of the handsome, intense and adult dramas of the year.\"TV" }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "Her aunt asks her she can be so cruel, and Catherine coldly responds, \"Yes, I can be very cruel." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1996, The Heiress was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film is about a young naive woman who falls in love with a handsome young man, despite the objections of her emotionally abusive father who suspects the man of being a fortune hunter." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Heiress is a 1949 American drama film produced and directed by William Wyler and starring Olivia de Havilland as Catherine Sloper, Montgomery Clift as Morris Townsend, and Ralph Richardson as Dr. Sloper." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "Aunt Lavinia is in favor of the match regardless, being both romantic and pragmatic enough to view this as Catherine's chance at a happy married life, since Morris seems somewhat genuinely fond of Catherine's honesty and kindness, despite his largely monetary motivations." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "Catherine's gregarious Aunt Lavinia Penniman (Miriam Hopkins) moves into the household after becoming widowed, and attempts to prod Catherine into being more social and find a husband." }, { "section_header": "Reception", "text": "The Heiress received universal critical acclaim and won four Academy Awards." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "When they return to New York, Dr. Sloper threatens to disinherit his daughter if she marries Morris, and they have a bitter argument in which he makes his disdain and distaste for her abundantly clear, and she realizes how poorly he views her." } ]
In the film The Heiress, Catherine's father thinks very little of her.
0
2
The Heiress
Music
2
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Years of prescription drug abuse severely compromised his health, and he died suddenly in 1977 at his Graceland estate at the age of 42." }, { "section_header": "Artistry | Musical styles and genres", "text": "was essentially abandoned for six years until such 1966–67 recordings as \"Down in the Alley\" and \"Hi-Heel Sneakers\"." }, { "section_header": "Public image | Equestrian", "text": "Elvis kept several horses at Graceland, and horses remain important to the Graceland estate." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1973–1977: Health deterioration and death | Medical crises and last studio sessions", "text": "By then, his health was in major and serious decline." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | Marriage breakdown and Aloha from Hawaii", "text": "He often raised the possibility of her moving into Graceland, saying that he was likely to leave Priscilla." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | From Elvis in Memphis and the International", "text": "As described by Dave Marsh, it is \"a masterpiece in which Presley immediately catches up with pop music trends that had seemed to pass him by during the movie years." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | Back on tour and meeting Nixon", "text": "Not long after, the City of Memphis named the stretch of Highway 51 South on which Graceland is located \"Elvis Presley Boulevard\"." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | 1973–1977: Health deterioration and death | Medical crises and last studio sessions", "text": "Though he was no longer a major presence on the pop charts, five of those albums entered the top five of the country chart, and three went to number one: Promised Land (1975), From Elvis Presley Boulevard, Memphis, Tennessee (1976), and Moody Blue (1977)." }, { "section_header": "Life and career | Cause of death", "text": "Forensic historian and pathologist Michael Baden viewed the situation as complicated: \"Elvis had had an enlarged heart for a long time." } ]
Elvis Presley was born and raised in Tennessee and suddenly passed away at his Graceland estate because his health declined due to him popping pills for such long time.
1
3
Elvis Presley
Popular Culture
3
[ { "section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family", "text": "Tracy is also said to have been involved in a sexual relationship with Judy Garland in 1936, when she was 14 years old and he was 36." } ]
6UR6y0pDTKrG64Kp7wwO
SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Career | Independent player (1956–67) | Stanley Kramer partnership", "text": "Upon seeing the film, Mann wrote to Tracy: \"Every writer ought to have the experience of having Spencer Tracy do his lines." }, { "section_header": "Career | Fox (1930–35)", "text": "He was still under contract with the studio when MGM expressed their interest in the actor." }, { "section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Growing reputation", "text": "Despite having only 17 minutes of screen time, Tracy was highly praised for his performance and received an Oscar nomination for Best Actor." }, { "section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Oscar wins", "text": "He was uncomfortable feigning a foreign accent, and resented having his hair curled, but the role was a hit with audiences and Tracy won the Academy Award for Best Actor." }, { "section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family", "text": "Tracy is also said to have been involved in a sexual relationship with Judy Garland in 1936, when she was 14 years old and he was 36." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the major stars of Hollywood's Golden Age, Tracy won two Academy Awards for Best Actor from nine nominations, sharing the record for nominations in the category with Laurence Olivier." }, { "section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Final MGM years", "text": "Tracy returned to the role of a concerned father in The Actress (1953)." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American actor, known for his natural performing style and versatility." }, { "section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Stage and screen", "text": "The film received strong reviews and became the highest grossing Tracy-Hepburn picture to date." }, { "section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Growing reputation", "text": "Producer Irving Thalberg was nevertheless enthusiastic about working with the actor, telling journalist Louella Parsons: \"Spencer Tracy will become one of MGM's most valuable stars." } ]
Spencer Tracy was a famous actor that was rumored to have dated a famous actress while she was a under age and he was 36.
1
3
Spencer Tracy
Literature
5
[ { "section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas", "text": "Josef Bohuslav Foerster's three-act Czech opera Jessika was first performed at the Prague National Theatre in 1905." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas", "text": "Reynaldo Hahn's three-act French opera Le marchand de Venise was first performed at the Paris Opéra on 25 March 1935." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate | Shylock as an antagonist", "text": "Regardless of what Shakespeare's authorial intent may have been, the play has been made use of by antisemites throughout the play's history." }, { "section_header": "Performance history | Shylock on stage", "text": "In a 1902 interview with Theater magazine, Adler pointed out that Shylock is a wealthy man, \"rich enough to forgo the interest on three thousand ducats\" and that Antonio is \"far from the chivalrous gentleman he is made to appear." }, { "section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate | Shylock as an antagonist", "text": "Shortly after Kristallnacht in 1938, The Merchant of Venice was broadcast for propagandistic ends over the German airwaves." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references", "text": "Ralph Vaughan Williams' choral work Serenade to Music (1938) draws its text from the discussion about music and the music of the spheres in Act V, scene 1.In" }, { "section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references", "text": "parodies Shylock's tirade. Christopher Moore combines The Merchant of Venice and Othello in his 2014 comic novel The Serpent of Venice, in which he makes Portia (from The Merchant of Venice) and Desdemona (from Othello) sisters." }, { "section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "At Belmont, Portia and Nerissa taunt and pretend to accuse their husbands before revealing they were really the lawyer and his clerk in disguise (V)." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock." }, { "section_header": "Date and text", "text": "The date of composition of The Merchant of Venice is believed to be between 1596 and 1598." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film, TV and radio version", "text": "2002 – The Maori Merchant of Venice, directed by Don Selwyn." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film, TV and radio version", "text": "2018 – The Merchant of Venice, adapted and directed by Emma Harding." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas", "text": "Josef Bohuslav Foerster's three-act Czech opera Jessika was first performed at the Prague National Theatre in 1905." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas", "text": "Reynaldo Hahn's three-act French opera Le marchand de Venise was first performed at the Paris Opéra on 25 March 1935." } ]
For all its gore and accusations of antisemitism, The Merchant of Venice has never been made into musical theater.
4
7
The Merchant of Venice
Music
3
[ { "section_header": "Artistry | Musical style", "text": "Love is the subject of the majority of Carey's lyrics, although she has written about themes such as racism, social alienation, death, world hunger, and spirituality." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "After eleven consecutive years charting a US number-one single, Carey parted ways with Columbia in 2000 and signed a $100 million recording contract with Virgin Records." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions", "text": "In December 1988, Carey accompanied Starr to a CBS record executives' gala, where she handed her demo tape to the head of Columbia Records, Tommy Mottola." }, { "section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions", "text": "Columbia marketed Carey as the main female artist on their roster, competing with Arista's Whitney Houston and Madonna of Sire Records." }, { "section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions", "text": "Columbia spent upwards of $1 million promoting the singer's debut studio album, Mariah Carey." }, { "section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions", "text": "Carey had already left the event, and in what has been described as a modern-day Cinderella story, he spent the next two weeks in search of her." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: Las Vegas residency, television and film projects", "text": "On January 30, 2015, it was announced that Carey had left Universal Music Group's Def Jam Recordings to reunite with L.A. Reid and Sony Music via Epic Records." }, { "section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions", "text": "Mottola signed Carey to Columbia and enlisted the talents of top producers" }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "After eleven consecutive years charting a US number-one single, Carey parted ways with Columbia in 2000 and signed a $100 million recording contract with Virgin Records." }, { "section_header": "Career | 2001–2004: Personal and professional struggles, Glitter and Charmbracelet", "text": "Carey received Billboard's Artist of the Decade Award and the World Music Award for Best-Selling Female Artist of the Millennium, and parted from Columbia Records." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "She was signed to Columbia Records in 1988 and rose to fame after releasing her eponymous debut album two years later." }, { "section_header": "Career | 1997–2000: New image and independence, Butterfly, and Rainbow", "text": "With only one album left to fulfill her contract with Sony, and with a burning desire to separate herself professionally from the record label her ex-husband still headed, Carey completed the album in a period of three months in the summer of 1999." }, { "section_header": "Artistry | Musical style", "text": "Love is the subject of the majority of Carey's lyrics, although she has written about themes such as racism, social alienation, death, world hunger, and spirituality." } ]
Mariah Carey left her initial recording, Columbia in the 2000's.
2
3
Mariah Carey
History
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Presidency (1909–1913) | Foreign policy | Tariffs and reciprocity", "text": "At the time of Taft's presidency, protectionism through the use of tariffs was a fundamental position of the Republican Party." }, { "section_header": "Return to Yale (1913–1921)", "text": "The architect, Henry Bacon, wanted to use Colorado-Yule marble, while southern Democrats urged using Georgia marble." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Taft used his control of the party machinery to gain a bare majority of delegates and Roosevelt bolted the party." }, { "section_header": "Presidential election of 1908 | Gaining the nomination", "text": "Roosevelt used his control of the party machinery to aid his heir apparent." }, { "section_header": "Presidency (1909–1913) | Foreign policy | Organization and principles", "text": "There was broad agreement between Taft and Knox on major foreign policy goals; the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs, and would use force if necessary to enforce the Monroe Doctrine in the Americas." }, { "section_header": "Legacy and historical view", "text": "It is certainly not of itself a term of opprobrium even when bandied by the critics, but its use is too often confused with 'reactionary.'" }, { "section_header": "Presidency (1909–1913) | Foreign policy | Organization and principles", "text": "Previous administrations had made efforts to promote American business interests overseas, but Taft went a step further and used the web of American diplomats and consuls abroad to further trade." }, { "section_header": "Chief Justice (1921–1930) | Jurisprudence | Commerce Clause", "text": "Congress thereafter attempted to end child labor by imposing a tax on certain corporations making use of it." }, { "section_header": "Presidential election of 1908 | General election campaign", "text": "Roosevelt's expansive use of executive power had been controversial; Taft proposed to continue his policies, but place them on more solid legal underpinnings through the passage of legislation." }, { "section_header": "Declining health and death", "text": "When he walked home after work, he would usually go by way of Connecticut Avenue and use a particular crossing over Rock Creek." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices." } ]
Taft was the 30th president of the US.
0
0
William Howard Taft
Popular Culture
2
[ { "section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2017) On 16 June 2015, 20th Century Fox hired Kenneth Branagh to direct and star as Poirot in another film adaptation of the story, which was released on 3 November 2017." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Television", "text": "Japanese TV adaptation (2015)A Japanese adaptation was broadcast over two nights in January 2015 on Fuji Television, titled Orient Kyuukou Satsujin Jiken, and it featured several famous actors, including Ninomiya Kazunari, Matsushima Nanako, Tamaki Hiroshi, Kichise Michiko, Nishida Toshiyuki, and Sawamura Ikki." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "References and allusions", "text": "The novel used many elements of the real life case: a young child, firstborn of the family, was kidnapped for ransom directly from the crib, the parents were famous, the father was a well known pilot and the mother pregnant, and the ransom was paid but the child found dead soon after." }, { "section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"In The New York Times Book Review of 4 March 1934, Isaac Anderson wrote, \"The great Belgian detective's guesses are more than shrewd; they are positively miraculous." }, { "section_header": "Reception", "text": "The Times Literary Supplement of 11 January 1934 outlined the plot and concluded that \"The little grey cells solve once more the seemingly insoluble." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2017) On 16 June 2015, 20th Century Fox hired Kenneth Branagh to direct and star as Poirot in another film adaptation of the story, which was released on 3 November 2017." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Television", "text": "Japanese TV adaptation (2015)A Japanese adaptation was broadcast over two nights in January 2015 on Fuji Television, titled Orient Kyuukou Satsujin Jiken, and it featured several famous actors, including Ninomiya Kazunari, Matsushima Nanako, Tamaki Hiroshi, Kichise Michiko, Nishida Toshiyuki, and Sawamura Ikki." }, { "section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The UK serialisation appeared after book publication, appearing in three instalments in the Grand Magazine, in March, April, and May 1934 (Issues 349 to 351)." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Radio", "text": "The Soviet radio play was released in 1966." }, { "section_header": "Reception", "text": "Impeccably clued, with a clever use of the Cyrillic script (cf." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "Greta Ohlsson is renamed to Pilar Estravados; the character of Colonel Arbuthnot is combined with Dr Constantine to create Dr Arbuthnot, a sniper who served under Colonel Armstrong in the war and had his medical school paid for by Armstrong; and Monsieur Bouc is changed from the director of the line to the director's nephew." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "Cyrus Hardman poses as an Austrian scientist for part of the film." } ]
The book has been used in popular culture frequently since its release in 1934 and homages have been paid to it in television and film many times over.
1
2
Murder on the Orient Express
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Our American Cousin is a three-act play by English playwright Tom Taylor." } ]
6V1CbuUxskL0moxuzMsp
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"", "text": "A number of sequel plays to Our American Cousin were written, all featuring several characters from the original, and focusing on the Lord Dundreary character." }, { "section_header": "Popular culture", "text": "\"I've always denied the legend that you were in 'Our American Cousin' the night Lincoln was shot.\" Our American Cousin was adapted for the radio anthology program On Stage in 1953." }, { "section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"", "text": "\"Our American Cousin premiered in New York on October 15, 1858." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Our American Cousin is a three-act play by English playwright Tom Taylor." }, { "section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"", "text": "\"It was not long before the success of this play inspired an imitation, Charles Gayler's Our Female American Cousin, which opened in New York City in January 1859." }, { "section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"", "text": "The first was Gayler's Our American Cousin at Home, or, Lord Dundreary Abroad, which premiered in Buffalo, New York, in November 1860, and had its New York City debut" }, { "section_header": "Principal roles and original cast", "text": "Asa Trenchard (a rustic American) – Joseph Jefferson" }, { "section_header": "Popular culture", "text": "Eric W. Sawyer's 2008 opera Our American Cousin presents a fictionalized version of the night of Lincoln's assassination from the point of view of the actors in the cast of Taylor's play." }, { "section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"", "text": "In his autobiography, writer George Robert Sims recalled that \"we went Dundreary mad in '61." }, { "section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"", "text": "Among Our American Cousin's cast was British actor Edward Askew Sothern, playing Lord Dundreary, a caricature of a brainless English nobleman." } ]
Our American cousin was written by an American writer.
0
0
Our American Cousin
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival", "text": "Kenilworth Arts Festival took place again on 19–28 September 2019." }, { "section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival", "text": "The first Kenilworth Festival was held in 1935." } ]
6VioqYnr2oh9E3bI0SKZ
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival", "text": "The festival secured funding from Arts Council England." }, { "section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival", "text": "Kenilworth Arts Festival took place again on 19–28 September 2019." }, { "section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival", "text": "In 2018, Kenilworth Arts Festival expanded to 10 days, running from 20–29 September." }, { "section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival", "text": "The first Kenilworth Festival was held in 1935." }, { "section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival", "text": "In 2015/16, a new team oversaw a change in direction, with a new name, branding and mission statement, as Kenilworth Arts Festival, its focus being to \"celebrate and support high quality, original work within the contemporary arts.\" The inaugural Kenilworth Arts Festival, in September 2016, featured singer-songwriters Rachel Sermanni and Luke Jackson, jazz pianist Jason Rebello, BAFTA fellow Andrew Davies, classical duo the Ayoub Sisters, nature-writer Rob Cowen, and poets David Morley, Sarah Howe, Jo Bell and Luke Kennard." }, { "section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival", "text": "The festival featured over 30 events, with headliners including American musicians S. Carey and Jesca Hoop; pianist Zoe Rahman; nature writer John Lewis-Stempel and novelists" }, { "section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival", "text": "The second edition of the festival took place in September 2017, with well-known participants including singer-songwriter John Smith, pianist Gwilym Simcock, nature writer Alys Fowler and novelists Kit de Waal and Sarah Moss." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "Another near Rudfen was a 30-acre (12 ha) park that was called Little Park in 1581." }, { "section_header": "Notable people", "text": "He was capped 11 times by England." }, { "section_header": "Notable people", "text": "Edward II of England (1284–1327) was held prisoner in Kenilworth Castle in 1326–1327." } ]
Kenilworth in England has an arts festival.
0
0
Kenilworth
History
2
[ { "section_header": "Reconstruction duties in Texas", "text": "Major General Custer became Chief of Cavalry of the Department of Texas, from November 13 to February 1, 1866, succeeding Major General Wesley Merritt." } ]
6W8Lqr6OYYyLavb385Yd
SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Reconstruction duties in Texas", "text": "During his entire period of command of the division, Custer encountered considerable friction and near mutiny from the volunteer cavalry regiments who had campaigned along the Gulf coast." }, { "section_header": "Reconstruction duties in Texas", "text": "Major General Custer became Chief of Cavalry of the Department of Texas, from November 13 to February 1, 1866, succeeding Major General Wesley Merritt." }, { "section_header": "Reconstruction duties in Texas", "text": "On July 17, he assumed command of the Cavalry Division of the Military Division of the Gulf (on August 5, officially named the 2nd Division of Cavalry of the Military Division of the Gulf), and accompanied by his wife, he led the division (five regiments of veteran Western Theater cavalrymen) to Texas on an arduous 18-day march in August." }, { "section_header": "Battle of the Little Bighorn", "text": "On June 22, Custer's entire regiment was detached to follow this trail." }, { "section_header": "American Indian Wars", "text": "On August 4, 1873, near the Tongue River, Custer and the 7th Cavalry Regiment clashed for the first time with the Lakota." }, { "section_header": "American Indian Wars", "text": "On November 27, 1868, Custer led the 7th Cavalry Regiment in an attack on the Cheyenne encampment of Chief Black Kettle – the Battle of Washita River." }, { "section_header": "Reconstruction duties in Texas", "text": "Custer's division was mustered out beginning in November 1865, replaced by the regulars of the U.S. 6th Cavalry Regiment." }, { "section_header": "Reconstruction duties in Texas", "text": "On June 3, 1865, at Sheridan's behest, Major General Custer accepted command of the 2nd Division of Cavalry, Military Division of the Southwest, to march from Alexandria, Louisiana, to Hempstead, Texas, as part of the Union occupation forces." }, { "section_header": "Battle of the Little Bighorn", "text": "At that time the 7th Cavalry's regimental commander, Colonel Samuel D. Sturgis, was on detached duty as the Superintendent of Mounted Recruiting Service and in command of the Cavalry Depot in St. Louis, Missouri, which left Lieutenant Colonel Custer in command of the regiment." }, { "section_header": "Grant, Belknap and politics", "text": "Mid-winter conditions made it impossible for them to comply." } ]
George Custer was made the Chief of Cavalry of Texas and was hated the entire time by the regiments.
1
4
George Armstrong Custer
Sports
6
[ { "section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "After Bell's playing and managing days were over, Bell lived in an old red-brick apartment in St. Louis." } ]
6WAwH5p8F6dxJSKLUiiY
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Baseball career | Negro National League and East-West League", "text": "We'd bunt and run in the first inning." }, { "section_header": "Baseball career | Negro National League and East-West League", "text": "Bell ultimately made a permanent move to center field and stopped pitching." }, { "section_header": "Baseball career | Return to the United States", "text": "Bell was a part-time scout for the St. Louis Browns from 1951 to 1954, when the team moved to Baltimore." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "For 1922, Bell moved to the East St. Louis Cubs, a semipro team that paid him $20 weekly to pitch on Sundays." }, { "section_header": "Baseball career | Negro National League and East-West League", "text": "He moved to the Detroit Wolves of the East-West League when the NNL disbanded." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "At the age of 17, he moved to St. Louis to live with older brothers and attend high school." }, { "section_header": "Baseball career | Return to the United States", "text": "To his surprise, Bell rounded third and brushed by him on the way home; pitcher Murry Dickson of the St. Louis Cardinals had not thought to cover home with the catcher moving up the line, and Bell scored standing up." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "Bell was born May 17, 1903, in Starkville, Mississippi to Jonas Bell and Mary Nichols." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "His brother Fred Bell also played baseball." }, { "section_header": "Baseball career | Return to the United States", "text": "He said that Bell was \"an even better man off the field than he was on it." }, { "section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "After Bell's playing and managing days were over, Bell lived in an old red-brick apartment in St. Louis." } ]
Bell retired and moved into a huge mansion in Georgia.
2
6
Cool Papa Bell
Technology
3
[ { "section_header": "History", "text": "The company began selling music and videos in 1998, at which time it began operations internationally by acquiring online sellers of books in United Kingdom and Germany." } ]
6WDaOAv2hRAu1G4xyzyO
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Amazon distributes downloads and streaming of video, music, and audiobooks through its Prime Video, Amazon Music, Twitch, and Audible subsidiaries." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "The company began selling music and videos in 1998, at which time it began operations internationally by acquiring online sellers of books in United Kingdom and Germany." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The company started as an online marketplace for books but expanded to sell electronics, software, video games, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "That same year, the company started Fulfillment by Amazon which managed the inventory of individuals and small companies selling their belongings through the company internet site." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Nashville Operations Center of Excellence", "text": "The incentives include \"$102 million in combined grants and tax credits for a scaled-down Amazon office building\" as well as \"a $65 million cash grant for capital expenditures\" in exchange for the creation of 5,000 jobs over seven years." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Selling counterfeit items", "text": "Mobile Star LLC settled with Apple for an undisclosed amount on April 27, 2017.In the years since, selling of counterfeit products by Amazon has attracted widespread notice, which both purchases marked as being fulfilled by third parties and those shipped directly from Amazon warehouses being found to be counterfeit." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "The following year, the organization also sold video games, consumer electronics, home-improvement items, software, games, and toys in addition to other items." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Selling counterfeit items", "text": "Amazon was sourcing and selling items without properly determining if they are genuine." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Comments by Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders", "text": "\"Amazon should pay these costs (plus) and not have them bourne [sic] by the American Taxpayer.\" Amazon's shares fell by 6 percent as a result of Trump's comments." }, { "section_header": "Controversies | Selling counterfeit items", "text": "In the suit, Apple provided evidence that Amazon was selling these counterfeit Apple products and advertising them as genuine." } ]
Amazon started selling music and videos 6 years after its creation.
1
3
Amazon (company)
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "First performed on 14 February 1895 at the St James's Theatre in London, it is a farcical comedy in which the protagonists maintain fictitious personae to escape burdensome social obligations." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Importance of Being Earnest has been revived many times since its premiere." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Operas and musicals", "text": "Barry created the 2011 opera, The Importance of Being Earnest, commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Barbican Centre in London." }, { "section_header": "Productions | Revivals", "text": "The Importance of Being Earnest and Wilde's" }, { "section_header": "Publication | First edition", "text": "Wilde's two final comedies, An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest, were still on stage in London at the time of his prosecution, and they were soon closed as the details of his case became public." }, { "section_header": "Productions | Critical reception", "text": "\"The Importance of Being Earnest is Wilde's most popular work and is continually revived." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "In The Importance of Being Earnest (1952), Dame Edith Evans reprised her celebrated interpretation of Lady Bracknell; The Importance of Being Earnest (1992) by Kurt Baker used an all-black cast; and Oliver Parker's The Importance of Being Earnest (2002) incorporated some of Wilde's original material cut during the preparation of the original stage production." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Importance of Being Earnest, A Trivial Comedy for Serious People is a play by Oscar Wilde." }, { "section_header": "Dramatic analysis | Structure and genre", "text": "The genre of the Importance of Being" }, { "section_header": "Publication | In translation", "text": "It was sold for £650. The Importance of Being" }, { "section_header": "Composition", "text": "In July 1894, he mooted his idea for The Importance of Being Earnest to George Alexander, the actor-manager of the St James's Theatre." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "First performed on 14 February 1895 at the St James's Theatre in London, it is a farcical comedy in which the protagonists maintain fictitious personae to escape burdensome social obligations." } ]
The Importance of Being Earnest premiered in London.
0
0
The Importance of Being Earnest
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Cymbeline, the Roman Empire's vassal king of Britain, once had two sons, Guiderius and Arvirargus, but they were stolen twenty years earlier as infants by an exiled traitor named Belarius." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cymbeline , also known as The Tragedie of Cymbeline or Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain (c. 10–14) and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early Celtic British King Cunobeline." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "In the meantime, Cymbeline's Queen is conspiring to have Cloten (her cloddish and arrogant son by an earlier marriage) married to Imogen to secure her bloodline." }, { "section_header": "Cultural references", "text": "Nor the furious winter's rages; Thou thy worldly task hast done, Home art gone, and ta'en thy wages: Golden lads and girls all must," }, { "section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Insisting that his betrayal years ago was a set-up, Belarius makes his own happy confession, revealing Guiderius and Arviragus as Cymbeline's own two long-lost sons." }, { "section_header": "Cultural references", "text": "Shakespeare sings the funeral song of Act IV, Scene 2, when asked about his view of death (the song is titled \"Fear No More\")." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Screen adaptations", "text": "The scenes that comprised the broadcast were pulled exclusively from Acts I and II of the play, and included the 'trunk scene' from Act II Scene 2." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "For his part, D'Urfey's Posthumus is ready to accept that his wife might have been untrue, as she is young and beautiful." }, { "section_header": "Date and text", "text": "Robert Nye noted that it was the closest seaport to Shakespeare's home town of Stratford-upon-Avon: \" But if you marched due west from Stratford, looking neither to left nor to right, with the idea of running away to sea in your young head, then Milford Haven is the port you'd reach,\" a walk of about 165 miles (266 km), about six days' journey, that the young Shakespeare might well have taken, or at least dreamed of taking." }, { "section_header": "Cultural references", "text": "Perhaps the most famous verses in the play come from the funeral song of Act IV, Scene 2, which begins: Fear no more the heat o' the sun," }, { "section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "These two young men are in fact the British princes Guiderius and Arviragus, who themselves do not realise their own origin." }, { "section_header": "Performance history", "text": "The play was included in the 2013 repertory season of the Oregon Shakespeare Festival." }, { "section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Cymbeline, the Roman Empire's vassal king of Britain, once had two sons, Guiderius and Arvirargus, but they were stolen twenty years earlier as infants by an exiled traitor named Belarius." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cymbeline , also known as The Tragedie of Cymbeline or Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain (c. 10–14) and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early Celtic British King Cunobeline." } ]
In this play by Shakespeare, Cymbeline's 2 sons were kidnapped at a young age.
0
0
Cymbeline
Music
1
[ { "section_header": "Life and career", "text": "He was buried at a convent there, in Madrid, but his grave no longer exists." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Life and career", "text": "Domenico Scarlatti died in Madrid, at the age of 71." }, { "section_header": "Life and career", "text": "He was buried at a convent there, in Madrid, but his grave no longer exists." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Naples, 26 October 1685 – Madrid, 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer." }, { "section_header": "Life and career", "text": "He was Maestro di Cappella at St. Peter's from 1715 to 1719." }, { "section_header": "Life and career", "text": "Domenico Scarlatti was born in Naples, Kingdom of Naples, belonging to the Spanish Crown." }, { "section_header": "Life and career", "text": "Scarlatti befriended the castrato singer Farinelli, a fellow Neapolitan also enjoying royal patronage in Madrid." }, { "section_header": "Life and career", "text": "According to Vicente Bicchi, Papal Nuncio in Portugal at the time, Domenico Scarlatti arrived in Lisbon on 29 November 1719." }, { "section_header": "Selected discography | Complete works", "text": "Domenico Scarlatti: The Complete Sonatas, Richard Lester, harpsichord & fortepiano (2001–2005, 39 CDs in 7 volumes Nimbus Records NI 1725/NI 1741) OCLC 1071943740." }, { "section_header": "Life and career", "text": "Among his compositions during his time in Madrid were most of the 555 keyboard sonatas for which he is best known." }, { "section_header": "Life and career", "text": "His residence on Calle Leganitos is designated with a historical plaque, and his descendants still live in Madrid." } ]
Domenico Scarlatti died at the age of 71 and his tomb was located in Madrid but he is no longer resting in peace.
1
1
Domenico Scarlatti
Sports
4
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although he won more games than any other pitcher during the 1960s, he appeared in only one World Series game and he was often overshadowed by his contemporaries Sandy Koufax and Bob Gibson in post-season awards." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Playing career | 1970–1975", "text": "He played in the 1962 World Series against the New York Yankees (one start, a no decision) and the 1971 National League Championship Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates (losing his only start)." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although he won more games than any other pitcher during the 1960s, he appeared in only one World Series game and he was often overshadowed by his contemporaries Sandy Koufax and Bob Gibson in post-season awards." }, { "section_header": "Honors", "text": "In 1990, Marichal, who was working as a broadcaster for Spanish radio, was on hand to see his son-in-law at the time, José Rijo, win the World Series Most Valuable Player Award." }, { "section_header": "Playing career | The Greatest Game Ever Pitched", "text": "Spahn in a night contest played July 2, 1963, before almost 16,000 at Candlestick Park in San Francisco." }, { "section_header": "Playing career | The Greatest Game Ever Pitched", "text": "Both Spahn and Marichal tossed 15-plus inning complete games, something that had not happened before or since in the big leagues." }, { "section_header": "Playing career | The Greatest Game Ever Pitched", "text": "Willie Mays homered off Spahn to win the game 1–0 in the 16th inning." }, { "section_header": "Playing career | The Greatest Game Ever Pitched", "text": "The game, almost the innings-duration of two contests, lasted only 4 hours, 10 minutes." }, { "section_header": "Playing career | Roseboro incident", "text": "Marichal was ejected from the game and afterwards, National League president Warren Giles suspended him for eight games (two starts), fined him a then-NL record US$1,750 (equivalent to $14,200 in 2019), and also forbade him from traveling to Dodger Stadium for the final, crucial two-game series of the season." }, { "section_header": "Playing career | No-hitter and All-Star performances", "text": "His overall All-Star Game record was 2–0 with a 0.50 ERA in eight appearances facing 62 batters in 18 total innings, second-most in innings pitched only to Don Drysdale (19.1 innings; 2–1, 1.40 ERA and 69 batters faced)." }, { "section_header": "Playing career | Roseboro incident", "text": "Marichal came to bat in the third inning expecting Koufax to throw at him." } ]
Marichal played in 2 World Series games.
1
4
Juan Marichal
Geography
1
[ { "section_header": "History", "text": "The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC." } ]
6Y3XFMFJA8JnQSQIOGTy
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Demographics | Education, households, and income", "text": "San Francisco also has the highest percentage of same-sex households of any American county, with the Bay Area having a higher concentration than any other metropolitan area." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "Indeed, it was at the height of the Great Depression that San Francisco undertook two great civil engineering projects, simultaneously constructing the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and the Golden Gate Bridge, completing them in 1936 and 1937, respectively." }, { "section_header": "Education | Colleges and universities", "text": "The City College of San Francisco, with its main facility in the Ingleside district, is one of the largest two-year community colleges in the country." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC." }, { "section_header": "Law and government | Public safety | Peace Officers", "text": "The San Francisco Police Department was founded in 1849." }, { "section_header": "Economy", "text": "According to academic Rob Wilson, San Francisco is a global city, a status that pre-dated the city's popularity during the California Gold Rush." }, { "section_header": "Geography | Climate", "text": "During the summer, rising hot air in California's interior valleys creates a low pressure area that draws winds from the North Pacific High through the Golden Gate, which creates the city's characteristic cool winds and fog." }, { "section_header": "Law and government", "text": "The government of San Francisco is a charter city and is constituted of two co-equal branches: the executive branch is headed by the mayor and includes other citywide elected and appointed officials as well as the civil service; the 11-member Board of Supervisors, the legislative branch, is headed by a president and is responsible for passing laws and budgets, though San Franciscans also make use of direct ballot initiatives to pass legislation." }, { "section_header": "Education | Colleges and universities", "text": "Founded in 1871, the San Francisco Art Institute is the oldest art school west of the Mississippi." }, { "section_header": "History", "text": "Two recent decades have seen two booms driven by the internet industry." } ]
Scientists have found cave drawings depicting a relativly advanced civilization in the San Francisco area dating back almost two thousand years.
1
3
San Francisco
Popular Culture
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who, as a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refused to carry or use a weapon or firearm of any kind." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Music", "text": "Debney was himself replaced by Rupert Gregson-Williams after his score was rejected before Hacksaw Ridge was set to premiere at the Venice Film Festival." }, { "section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Hacksaw Ridge grossed $67.2 million in the United States and Canada and $113.2 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $180.4 million, against a production budget of $40 million." }, { "section_header": "Production | Principal photography", "text": "Visual effects were used only during bloody scenes, like napalm-burnt soldiers." }, { "section_header": "Production | Principal photography", "text": "During filming of the war scenes, Gibson incorporated his past war-movie experiences, and would yell to the actors, reminding them constantly of what they were fighting for." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war film directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan, based on the 2004 documentary The Conscientious Objector." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "During the Battle of Okinawa, Doss's unit is informed that they are to relieve the 96th Infantry Division, which was tasked with ascending and securing the Maeda Escarpment (\"Hacksaw Ridge\")." }, { "section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\" IGN critic Alex Welch gave a score of 8/10, praising it as \"one of the most successful war films of recent memory,\" and \"at times horrifying, inspiring, and heart-wrenching.\" Mike Ryan of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, praising Gibson's direction and saying, \"There are two moments during the second half of Mel Gibson's Hacksaw Ridge when I literally jumped out of my seat in terror." }, { "section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \"Hacksaw Ridge uses a real-life pacifist's legacy to lay the groundwork for a gripping wartime tribute to faith, valor, and the courage of remaining true to one's convictions." }, { "section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "A number of Seventh-day Adventist ministries offered free copies of the Hero of Hacksaw Ridge book during the film's release as well as created promotional materials to highlight Doss's faith." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "The charges against Doss are dropped, and he and Dorothy are married." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who, as a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refused to carry or use a weapon or firearm of any kind." } ]
The film Hacksaw Ridge is set during the war the Vietnamese fought with and against the US.
0
0
Hacksaw Ridge
History
7
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Atahualpa became Inca emperor in May 1532 after he had defeated and imprisoned Huáscar and massacred any pretenders to the throne." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "After defeating his brother, Atahualpa became very briefly the last Sapa Inca (sovereign emperor) of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu) before the Spanish conquest ended his reign." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Atahualpa became Inca emperor in May 1532 after he had defeated and imprisoned Huáscar and massacred any pretenders to the throne." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "1502–26 July 1533) was the last Inca Emperor." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Spaniard Francisco Pizarro captured Atahualpa in November 1532 and used him to control the Inca Empire." }, { "section_header": "Inca Civil War", "text": "In April 1532, Quizquiz and his companions led the armies of Atahualpa to victory in the battles of Mullihambato, Chimborazo and Quipaipan." }, { "section_header": "Legacy", "text": "On the facade of the Royal Palace of Madrid there is a statue of the Inca emperor Atahualpa, along with another of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II, among the statues of the kings of the ancient kingdoms that formed Spain." }, { "section_header": "Spanish conquest", "text": "Pizarro and his men thus advanced unopposed through some very difficult terrain." }, { "section_header": "Pre-conquest", "text": "His rule lasted only a few months before he was captured by the army of Francisco Pizarro, who sided with the Cuzco supporters of the executed Inca Huáscar." }, { "section_header": "Spanish conquest", "text": "\" He was very drunk from what he had imbibed in the [thermal] baths before leaving as well as what he had taken during the many stops on the road." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "A succession of emperors, who led the Inca resistance against the invading Spaniards, claimed the title of Sapa Inca as rulers of the Neo-Inca State, but the empire began to disintegrate after Atahualpa's death." } ]
Atahualpa very briefly became the last Inca sovereign emperor in 1532
2
7
Atahualpa
Literature
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is a dramatized and partially fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during 1692–93." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Miller wrote the play as an allegory for McCarthyism, when the United States government persecuted people accused of being communists." } ]
6Z0RlLPa6HUAFXF6ZL6d
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller." }, { "section_header": "Influence and originality", "text": "In 1947 Feuchtwanger wrote a play about the Salem witch trials, Wahn oder der Teufel in Boston (Delusion, or The Devil in Boston), as an allegory for the persecution of communists, thus anticipating the theme of The Crucible by Arthur Miller; Wahn premiered in Germany in 1949." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is a dramatized and partially fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during 1692–93." }, { "section_header": "Characters (in order of appearance)", "text": "He was strongly and vocally opposed to the witch trials from their beginning, being particularly scornful of spectral evidence used in the trials." }, { "section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The Devil in Boston. In 1953, the year the play debuted, Miller wrote, \"The Crucible is taken from history." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "1996 – The Crucible with a screenplay by Arthur Miller himself." }, { "section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "In the 1953 essay, Journey to The Crucible, Miller writes of visiting Salem and feeling like the only one interested in what really happened in 1692." }, { "section_header": "Characters (in order of appearance)", "text": "Disillusioned with the corruption and abuses of the trials, he later tries to save as many suspects as possible by getting them to confess. (In reality, Hale was in his mid-fifties when the witch trials commenced.) Elizabeth Proctor" }, { "section_header": "Characters (in order of appearance)", "text": "He is responsible for crafting the warrants used to arrest suspected witches." }, { "section_header": "Synopsis | Act Two", "text": "Mary tells that thirty-nine have been arrested so far accused as witches, and they might be hanged." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Miller wrote the play as an allegory for McCarthyism, when the United States government persecuted people accused of being communists." } ]
The 1953 play The Crucible by Arthur Miller tells the story of Salem witches getting revenge using magic because of the witch trials.
0
0
The Crucible
History
1
[ { "section_header": "The battle", "text": "The actual battle of Salamis is not well described by the ancient sources, and it is unlikely that anyone (other than perhaps Xerxes) involved in the battle had a clear idea what was happening across the width of the straits." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "The battle | The main battle", "text": "The details of the rest of the battle are generally sketchy, and no one involved would have had a view of the entire battlefield." }, { "section_header": "Significance", "text": "A significant number of historians have stated that Salamis is one of the most significant battles in human history (though the same is often stated of Marathon)." }, { "section_header": "Significance", "text": "Since it brought about that attack, perhaps the most important military lesson is to be found in the use of deception by Themistocles to bring about the desired response from the enemy." }, { "section_header": "The battle | Dispositions", "text": "However, Herodotus does not mention this (and possibly alludes to the Egyptian presence in the main battle), leading some modern historians to dismiss it; though again, others accept it as a possibility." }, { "section_header": "Significance", "text": "In a more extreme form of this argument, some historians argue that if the Greeks had lost at Salamis, the ensuing conquest of Greece by the Persians would have effectively stifled the growth of Western Civilization as we know it." }, { "section_header": "The opposing forces | The Achemenid fleet", "text": "Ctesias gives another number, 1,000 ships, while Plato, speaking in general terms refers to 1,000 ships and more." }, { "section_header": "The battle | Dispositions", "text": "However, modern historians have greatly debated this point, with some pointing out the difficulties of maneuvering in this confined space by night, and others accepting Herodotus's version." }, { "section_header": "The battle", "text": "The actual battle of Salamis is not well described by the ancient sources, and it is unlikely that anyone (other than perhaps Xerxes) involved in the battle had a clear idea what was happening across the width of the straits." }, { "section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations", "text": "Salamis was, for the Persians, an unnecessary battle and a strategic mistake." }, { "section_header": "The opposing forces | The Achemenid fleet", "text": "Herodotus gives a precise list of the ships of the various nations that composed the Achaemenid fleet: The number 1,207 appears very early in the historical record (472 BC), and the Greeks appear to have genuinely believed they faced that many ships." } ]
Journals from military sailors give historians a detailed picture of what the Battle of Salamis was like.
0
1
Battle of Salamis
Music
2
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dire Straits were a British rock band formed in London in 1977 by Mark Knopfler (lead vocals and lead guitar), David Knopfler (rhythm guitar and backing vocals), John Illsley (bass guitar and backing vocals), and Pick Withers (drums and percussion)." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "History | 1996–present: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction", "text": "Knopfler declined, saying that he was often reluctant to re-form the group and insisted that he \"isn't even a fan of Dire Straits' early hits." }, { "section_header": "History | 1996–present: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction", "text": "He's having a perfectly good time doing what he's doing.\" Guy Fletcher stated on his website that Knopfler has no interest in re-forming Dire Straits." }, { "section_header": "History | 1977–1979: Early years and first two albums", "text": "Brothers Mark and David Knopfler, from Newcastle in northeast England, and friends John Illsley and Pick Withers, from Leicester in the east midlands, formed Dire Straits in London in 1977." }, { "section_header": "History | 1996–present: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction", "text": "Since the break-up of Dire Straits, Mark Knopfler has shown no interest in re-forming the band and is quoted as saying \"Oh, I don't know whether to start getting all that stuff back together again,\" and telling reporters that \"I would only do that for a charity." }, { "section_header": "History | 1996–present: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction", "text": "In 2007, Knopfler said he did not miss the global fame that came his way at the height of the band's success, explaining that \"It just got too big.\" In October 2008, John Illsley told the BBC that he wanted Knopfler to agree to re-form Dire Straits for a comeback tour." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dire Straits were a British rock band formed in London in 1977 by Mark Knopfler (lead vocals and lead guitar), David Knopfler (rhythm guitar and backing vocals), John Illsley (bass guitar and backing vocals), and Pick Withers (drums and percussion)." }, { "section_header": "History | 1987–1990: First break-up", "text": "Dire Straits regrouped in 1988 for" }, { "section_header": "History | 1991–1995: Resurrection, final albums and final dissolution", "text": "In early 1991, Dire Straits reunited." }, { "section_header": "History | 1996–present: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction", "text": "In 2011, Alan Clark, Chris White, and Phil Palmer, along with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers' drummer Steve Ferrone, formed a new band, the Straits, to perform at a charity show at the Royal Albert Hall in London." }, { "section_header": "History | 1977–1979: Early years and first two albums", "text": "Dire Straits eventually went top 10 in every European country." } ]
Dire Straits was formed in Manchester.
2
4
Dire Straits
History
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He previously served as Secretary of State (1845–1849) and represented Pennsylvania in both houses of the U.S. Congress." } ]
6bOP7If87JHmhVzHGVli
REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Presidency (1857–1861) | Secession", "text": "Failed attempts were also made by a group of governors meeting in New York." }, { "section_header": "Early life", "text": "Buchanan began his political career as a member of the Federalist Party, and was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (1814–1816)." }, { "section_header": "Congressional and diplomatic career | U. S. House service and Minister to Russia", "text": "In 1820 Buchanan ran for the U. S. House of Representatives and won, though his Federalist Party was waning." }, { "section_header": "Congressional and diplomatic career | U. S. House service and Minister to Russia", "text": "During his tenure in Congress, he became a supporter of Andrew Jackson and an avid defender of states' rights." }, { "section_header": "Congressional and diplomatic career | U. S. House service and Minister to Russia", "text": "He served as ambassador for 18 months, during which time he learned French, the trade language of diplomacy in the nineteenth century." }, { "section_header": "Congressional and diplomatic career | Secretary of State", "text": "After the outbreak of the Mexican–American War, he advised Polk against taking territory south of the Rio Grande River and New Mexico." }, { "section_header": "Presidency (1857–1861) | Secession", "text": "When Buchanan considered surrendering Fort Sumter, the new cabinet members threatened to resign, and Buchanan relented." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Buchanan was a prominent lawyer in Pennsylvania and won his first election to the state’s House of Representatives as a Federalist." }, { "section_header": "Congressional and diplomatic career | U. S. House service and Minister to Russia", "text": "In Washington, he was personally close with many southern Congressmen, and viewed some New England Congressmen as dangerous radicals." }, { "section_header": "Presidency (1857–1861) | States admitted to the Union", "text": "Three new states were admitted to the Union while Buchanan was in office: Minnesota – May 11, 1858" }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "He previously served as Secretary of State (1845–1849) and represented Pennsylvania in both houses of the U.S. Congress." } ]
Buchanan was a representative for New York during his career.
0
0
James Buchanan
Popular Culture
0
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Way We Were is a 1973 American romantic drama film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Barbra Streisand and Robert Redford." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Arthur Laurents wrote both the novel and screenplay based on his college days at Cornell University and his experiences with the House Un-American Activities Committee." }, { "section_header": "Production", "text": "Union College in Schenectady, New York, was used, instead." }, { "section_header": "Production", "text": "His first instinct was to create a crisis between his leading lady and her college professor, but he decided her passion needed to be politics, not writing." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "While attending the same college, she is drawn to him because of his boyish good looks and his natural writing skill, which she finds captivating, although he does not work very hard at it." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "Alienated by Katie's persistent abrasiveness, and though she is pregnant, Hubbell has a liaison with Carol Ann, his college girlfriend and the divorcee of J.J., his best friend." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Way We Were is a 1973 American romantic drama film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Barbra Streisand and Robert Redford." }, { "section_header": "Production", "text": "Laurents ultimately regretted recommending Pollack." }, { "section_header": "Production", "text": "Both agreed they did not want Pollack to be part of the equation." }, { "section_header": "Production", "text": "Laurents had been impressed with They Shoot Horses, Don't They? and suggested Sydney Pollack to direct." }, { "section_header": "Production", "text": "In 1937, while an undergraduate at Cornell, Arthur Laurents was introduced to political activism by a student who became the model for Katie Morosky, a member of the Young Communist League and an outspoken opponent of Francisco Franco and his effort to take control of Spain via the Spanish Civil War." } ]
The Way We Were is a comedy by Jackson Pollack about a boy's college experiences at an Ivy League college.
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The Way We Were
NOCAT
4
[ { "section_header": "Ieyasu's character", "text": "He was known for being loyal towards his personal friends and vassals, whom he rewarded, He was said to have a close friendship with his vassal Hattori Hanzō." } ]
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SUPPORTS
[ { "section_header": "Rise to power (1556–1584) | Growing political influence", "text": "In 1567, he changed his name yet again, this time to Tokugawa Ieyasu." }, { "section_header": "Ieyasu's character", "text": "Two of his famous quotes: Life is like unto a long journey with a heavy burden." }, { "section_header": "Ieyasu and Hideyoshi (1584–1598)", "text": "Despite his frequent absences, Ieyasu's sons, loyal retainers and vassals were able to control and improve Edo and the other new Tokugawa lands." }, { "section_header": "Rise to power (1556–1584) | Conflict with Takeda", "text": "This error would allow a band of Tokugawa ninja to raid the camp in the ensuing hours, further upsetting the already disoriented Takeda army, and ultimately resulting in Shingen's decision to call off the offensive altogether." }, { "section_header": "Early life (1542–1556)", "text": "Ieyasu was just five years old at the time." }, { "section_header": "Rise to power (1556–1584) | Growing political influence", "text": "At the same time, Ieyasu was expanding his own territory." }, { "section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)", "text": "Immediately after the victory at Sekigahara, Ieyasu redistributed land to the vassals who had served him." }, { "section_header": "Ieyasu's character", "text": "He was known for being loyal towards his personal friends and vassals, whom he rewarded, He was said to have a close friendship with his vassal Hattori Hanzō." }, { "section_header": "Ieyasu's character", "text": "In this he was like other daimyōs of his time." }, { "section_header": "Rise to power (1556–1584) | Alliance with Oda", "text": "He also strengthened his key vassals by awarding them land and castles." } ]
Tokugawa Ieyasu had, as a vassal, the most famous shinobi (ninja) of all time.
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
Popular Culture
0
[ { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Doss enlists in the Army to serve as a combat medic." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hacksaw Ridge was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of its top ten Movies of the Year, and has received numerous awards and nominations." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war film directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan, based on the 2004 documentary The Conscientious Objector." }, { "section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Hacksaw Ridge was in development limbo for 14 years." }, { "section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\" The Daily Telegraph awarded four stars, and added: \"Hacksaw Ridge is a fantastically moving and bruising war film that hits you like a raw topside of beef in the face—a kind of primary-coloured Guernica that flourishes on a big screen with a crowd." }, { "section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "If Hacksaw Ridge is any indication, we are poised for a future filled with great films from the visionary director." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who, as a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refused to carry or use a weapon or firearm of any kind." }, { "section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "On July 28, 2016, Lionsgate released the only official trailer for Hacksaw Ridge which garnered millions of views." }, { "section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"The Guardian also awarded the film four stars, and stated that Gibson had \"absolutely hit Hacksaw Ridge out of the park." }, { "section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Hacksaw Ridge became an international co-production, with key players and firms located in both the United States and Australia." }, { "section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "James M. Vernon, an Australian Executive Producer on Hacksaw Ridge helped the film qualify for Australian government subsidies." }, { "section_header": "Plot", "text": "After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Doss enlists in the Army to serve as a combat medic." } ]
Hacksaw Ridge was about the Spanish American war.
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Hacksaw Ridge
Literature
1
[ { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Lady Windermere's Fan, A Play About a Good Woman is a four-act comedy by Oscar Wilde, first performed on Saturday, 20 February 1892, at the St James's Theatre in London." } ]
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REFUTES
[ { "section_header": "Composition", "text": "Unperturbed, he decided to write another play but turned from tragedy to comedy." }, { "section_header": "Summary", "text": "Lady Windermere's Fan, A Play About a Good Woman is a four-act comedy by Oscar Wilde, first performed on Saturday, 20 February 1892, at the St James's Theatre in London." }, { "section_header": "Editions", "text": "Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere's Fan." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Films include: A 1916 British film Lady Windermere's Fan." }, { "section_header": "Composition", "text": "By the summer of 1891 Wilde had already written three plays: Vera; or," }, { "section_header": "Editions", "text": "Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere's Fan. published in The Importance of Being Earnest and Other Plays." }, { "section_header": "Plot | Act III", "text": "One of them takes notice of a fan lying on a table (Lady Windermere's) and presumes that Lord Darlington presently has a woman visiting." }, { "section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A 1935 German film Lady Windermere's Fan directed by Heinz Hilpert and starring Lil Dagover and Walter Rilla" }, { "section_header": "Themes", "text": "Peter Raby has also highlighted Lady Windermere's Fan as a good example of Wilde's most successful dramatic technique: the juxtaposition of the comic and the serious." }, { "section_header": "Themes", "text": "Wilde's huge popularity as a playwright began with his production of Lady Windermere's Fan, his recherché attitude and personal aesthetics reflected in his writing." } ]
Lady Windermere's Fan was written as a tragedy after the author's attempts at comedies failed.
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Lady Windermere's Fan