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stringlengths 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In March 1932, Lindbergh's infant son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what the American media called the \"Crime of the Century\"."
}
] |
CTq8F8LtTmGUl23jjy5g
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "In Daniel Easterman's K is for Killing (1997), a fictional Charles Lindbergh becomes President of a fascist United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In March 1932, Lindbergh's infant son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what the American media called the \"Crime of the Century\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Kidnapping of Charles Lindbergh Jr.",
"text": "On the evening of March 1, 1932, twenty-month-old(1 year 8 months) Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. was abducted from his crib in the Lindbergh's rural home, Highfields, in East Amwell, New Jersey, near the town of Hopewell."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II",
"text": "Lindbergh was escorted on one of these missions by Lt. Robert E. (Lefty) McDonough, who refused to fly with Lindbergh again, as he did not want to be known as \"the guy who killed Lindbergh\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life | Double life and secret German children",
"text": "Lindbergh also had a son and daughter (born in 1959 and 1961) with Valeska, an East Prussian aristocrat who was his private secretary in Europe and lived in Baden-Baden."
},
{
"section_header": "New York–Paris flight | Orteig Prize",
"text": "U.S. Naval aviators Noel Davis and Stanton H. Wooster were killed at Langley Field, Virginia on April 26, 1927, while testing their Keystone Pathfinder."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life | Death",
"text": "His epitaph, on a simple stone following the words \"Charles A. Lindbergh"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "An intensely private man, Lindbergh became exasperated by the unrelenting public attention in the wake of the kidnapping and Hauptmann trial, and was concerned for the safety of his three-year-old second son, Jon."
},
{
"section_header": "Fame | Autobiography and tours",
"text": "Barely two months after Lindbergh arrived in Paris, G. P. Putnam's Sons published his 318-page autobiography \"WE\", which was the first of 15 books he eventually wrote or to which he made significant contributions."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Other",
"text": "St. Louis area-based GoJet Airlines uses the callsign \"Lindbergh\" after Charles Lindbergh."
}
] |
Charles Lindbergh accidentally killed his baby son.
| 2 | 5 |
Charles Lindbergh
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons broke into the major leagues in 1923 after playing collegiate baseball at Baylor University."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "He joined the White Sox on a road trip and never pitched a day in the minors."
}
] |
CUJ2CxWaNkYCzFKNcTrY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "In Lyons' 21 seasons with the Sox, they finished fifth or lower (in an eight-team league) 16 times, and never finished higher than third."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "New York Yankees manager Joe McCarthy said, \"If (Lyons had) pitched for the Yankees, he would have won over 400 games.\" Lyons was a better than average hitting pitcher in his 21-year major league career, posting a .233 batting average (364-for-1563) with 162 runs, 49 doubles, 9 triples, 5 home runs, 149 RBI and 73 bases on balls."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "On August 21, 1926, Lyons no-hit the Boston Red Sox 6–0 at Fenway Park; the game took just 1 hour and 45 minutes to complete (Ted Lyons August 21, 1926 No-hitter Box Score)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons was at his crafty best in 1930, when he posted a 22–15 record and A.L.-leading totals of 29 complete games and 297⅔ innings for a team that finished 62–92."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons broke into the major leagues in 1923 after playing collegiate baseball at Baylor University."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "In 1943, the White Sox announced that Lyons' jersey number would not be reissued."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons made the most of his unusual scheduling, winning 52 of 82 decisions from 1939 until 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons made a brief return to the mound in 1946, with a 2.32 ERA in five games, all complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "As Lyons aged, his career benefited from the White Sox' decision to never let him pitch more than 30 games per season from 1934 on."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "During 1942, Lyons' 20th and last full season, he led the league with a 2.10 ERA and completed every one of his 20 starts."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "He joined the White Sox on a road trip and never pitched a day in the minors."
}
] |
Ted Lyons played Triple A ball after he finished college.
| 0 | 0 |
Ted Lyons
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world; as well as the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese colonization",
"text": "Portuguese expeditions known as Bandeiras gradually advanced the Portugal colonial original frontiers in South America to approximately the current Brazilian borders."
}
] |
CVSHTtq4nnNeNoPtQQ5n
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas, making the language an important part of Brazilian national identity and giving it a national culture distinct from those of its Spanish-speaking neighbors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "On 2 October 2009, Rio de Janeiro was selected to host the 2016 Olympic Games and 2016 Paralympic Games, making it the first South American city to host the games and second in Latin America, after Mexico City."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "It shares a border with every South American country except Ecuador and Chile."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese colonization",
"text": "However, the decentralized and unorganized tendencies of the captaincy colonies proved problematic, and in 1549 the Portuguese king restructured them into the Governorate General of Brazil in the city of Salvador, which became the capital of a single and centralized Portuguese colony in South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "This spelling reform went into effect in Brazil on 1 January 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "The official language of Brazil is Portuguese (Article 13 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil), which almost all of the population speaks and is virtually the only language used in newspapers, radio, television, and for business and administrative purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Brazilian Portuguese: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese colonization",
"text": "Portuguese expeditions known as Bandeiras gradually advanced the Portugal colonial original frontiers in South America to approximately the current Brazilian borders."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "As a result, the language is somewhat different, mostly in phonology, from the language of Portugal and other Portuguese-speaking countries (the dialects of the other countries, partly because of the more recent end of Portuguese colonialism in these regions, have a closer connection to contemporary European Portuguese)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world; as well as the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country."
}
] |
Brazil is just 1 of 2 Portuguese speaking south american nations.
| 0 | 0 |
Brazil
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vega is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra."
}
] |
CWBDX1IzPbipbmaacHhh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Possible planetary system | Infrared excess",
"text": "As of 2002, about 400 of these stars have been found, and they have come to be termed \"Vega-like\" or \"Vega-excess\" stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stars that display an infrared excess due to dust emission are termed Vega-like stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vega is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vega is also a variable star that varies slightly in brightness."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "Vega is the brightest of the successive northern pole stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational history",
"text": "In 1983, Vega became the first star found to have a disk of dust."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "° N, Vega remains continuously above the horizon as a circumpolar star."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Element abundance",
"text": "The unusually low metallicity of Vega makes it a weak Lambda Boötis star."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance",
"text": "In Babylonian astronomy, Vega may have been one of the stars named Dilgan, \"the Messenger of Light\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Kinematics",
"text": "Although Vega is at present only the fifth-brightest star in the night sky, the star is slowly brightening as proper motion causes it to approach the Sun."
}
] |
Vega is the dimmest star in the Andromeda galaxy.
| 0 | 0 |
Vega
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a devoted horseback rider."
}
] |
CXT7TSjeSgo0kMvhWTOU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "World War II | Advance into Germany",
"text": "Patton knew that one of the inmates was his son-in-law, Lieutenant Colonel John K. Waters."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Beatrice Patton died in 1953 when she was thrown from her horse."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "George Smith Patton Jr. was born on November 11, 1885, in San Gabriel, California, to George Smith Patton Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Ancestry",
"text": "Though not directly descended from George Washington, Patton traced some of his English colonial roots to George Washington's great-grandfather."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I",
"text": "After the Villa Expedition, Patton was detailed to Front Royal, Virginia, to oversee horse procurement for the Army, but Pershing intervened on his behalf."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Image",
"text": ".357 .357 Magnum on his left hip. He was usually seen wearing a highly polished helmet, riding pants, and high cavalry boots."
},
{
"section_header": "Inter-war years",
"text": "After sailing back to Los Angeles for extended leave in 1937, he was kicked by a horse and fractured his leg."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Battle of the Bulge",
"text": "Eisenhower was incredulous: \"Don't be fatuous, George."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Several actors have portrayed Patton on screen, the most famous being George C. Scott in the 1970 film Patton."
},
{
"section_header": "Inter-war years",
"text": "There, he met Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall, who was so impressed with him that Marshall considered Patton a prime candidate for promotion to general."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a devoted horseback rider."
}
] |
George Patton knew how to ride a horse.
| 0 | 0 |
Patton
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Juárez died of a heart attack on July 18, 1872, aged 66, while reading a newspaper at his desk in the National Palace in Mexico City."
}
] |
CXXD0gMvkZpSjWQ89dPV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "His parents, Brígida García and Marcelino Juárez, were Zapotec peasants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benito Pablo Juárez García (Spanish: [beˈnito ˈpaβlo ˈxwaɾes gaɾˈsi.a] (listen); 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican lawyer and politician, who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in 1872."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Shortly afterward, his grandparents died as well, so after that his uncle raised him."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "Two boys and three girls died in early childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Statue of Benito Juárez (San Diego) Statue of Benito Juarez in New OrleansFilm and media"
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "Chagoya died before Juárez married Margarita, when Susana was three years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He had an older sister. Both parents died of complications of diabetes when Juárez was three years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "The Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was named after Juárez."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "The Benito Juárez Partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, and the city of Benito Juárez, Buenos Aires are both named after Juárez, as a gesture of friendship between Argentina and Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Juárez died of a heart attack on July 18, 1872, aged 66, while reading a newspaper at his desk in the National Palace in Mexico City."
}
] |
Benito García died of a massive stroke.
| 2 | 9 |
Benito Juarez
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The elder Garrison became unemployed and deserted the family in 1808."
}
] |
CY5VavkXde8yvtOHNLnQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She started referring to their son William as Lloyd, his middle name, to preserve her family name; he later printed his name as \"Wm."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Under An Act for the relief of sick and disabled seamen, his father Abijah Garrison, a merchant sailing pilot and master, had obtained American papers and moved his family to Newburyport in 1806."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Garrison's mother was Frances Maria Lloyd, reported to have been tall, charming, and of a strong religious character."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The elder Garrison became unemployed and deserted the family in 1808."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Liberator: William Lloyd Garrison, A Biography."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "\"Garrison's namesake son, William Lloyd Garrison, Jr. (1838–1909), was a prominent advocate of the single tax, free trade, women's suffrage, and of the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hummel, Jeff (2008). \"Garrison, William Lloyd (1805–1879)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Garrison sold home-made lemonade and candy as a youth, and also delivered wood to help support the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In December 2005, to honor Garrison's 200th birthday, his descendants gathered in Boston for the first family reunion in about a century."
}
] |
William Lloyd Garrison's father abandoned the family in the early 1800s.
| 0 | 0 |
William Lloyd Garrison
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Second voyage\" (1499–1500)",
"text": "Their intention was to explore the coast of a new landmass found by Columbus on his third voyage and in particular investigate a rich source of pearls that Columbus had reported."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Second voyage\" (1499–1500)",
"text": "In 1499, Vespucci joined an expedition licensed by Spain and led by Alonso de Ojeda as fleet commander and Juan de la Cosa as chief navigator."
}
] |
CYsGIAuUF4Ioa349zeoT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages",
"text": "Traditionally, Vespucci's voyages are referred to as the \"first\" through \"fourth\", even by historians who refute one or more of the trips."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vespucci claimed to have understood, back in 1501 during his Portuguese expedition, that Brazil was part of a different continent, which he called the New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Third voyage\" (1501–1502)",
"text": "The king wanted to know the extent of this new discovery and determine where it lay in relation to the line established by the Treaty of Tordesillas."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Seville",
"text": "Vespucci's findings have been lost but Capponi returned to Florence around this time and Berardi took over the Medici business in Seville."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Second voyage\" (1499–1500)",
"text": "Their intention was to explore the coast of a new landmass found by Columbus on his third voyage and in particular investigate a rich source of pearls that Columbus had reported."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "By this point the name had been securely fixed on the New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "They surmised that this was the \"new world\" or the \"antipodes\" hypothesized by classical writers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "According to Vespucci: Concerning my return from those new regions which we found and explored...we may rightly call a new world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The claim inspired cartographer Martin Waldseemüller to recognize Vespucci's accomplishments in 1507 by applying the Latinized form America for the first time to a map showing the New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Fourth voyage\" (1503–1504)",
"text": "and it is uncertain whether Vespucci undertook this trip."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Second voyage\" (1499–1500)",
"text": "In 1499, Vespucci joined an expedition licensed by Spain and led by Alonso de Ojeda as fleet commander and Juan de la Cosa as chief navigator."
}
] |
One of Amerigo Vespucci's trips to the New World was sparked in part by wanting to find jewels like Columbus did.
| 0 | 0 |
Amerigo Vespucci
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Idiót) is a novel by the 19th-century Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky."
}
] |
CZrWVv6OcfSnEQ8yz0QB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Frank describes The Idiot as \"the most personal of all Dostoevsky's major works, the book in which he embodies his most intimate, cherished, and sacred convictions."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In October 2011, the Estonian director Rainer Sarnet adapted the book to a feature film The Idiot, starring Risto Kübar as Prince Myshkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Autobiographical themes | Capital punishment",
"text": "The experience had a profound effect on Dostoevsky, and in Part 1 of The Idiot (written twenty years after the event) the character of Prince Myshkin repeatedly speaks in depth on the subject of capital punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Narrator and author",
"text": "Despite the appearance of omniscience, the narrator of The Idiot is given a distinct voice like any other character, and often conveys only a partial understanding of the events he is describing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a letter to Strakhov he wrote: \"Much in the novel was written hurriedly, much is too diffuse and did not turn out well, but some of it did turn out well."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "BBC Radio 7 broadcast a 4-episode adaptation of The Idiot entitled Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Idiot, in June 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 2",
"text": "These include the consumptive seventeen-year-old Ippolit Terentyev, the nihilist Doktorenko, and Keller, an ex-officer who, with the help of Lebedyev, has written an article vilifying the Prince and Pavlishchev."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Idiót) is a novel by the 19th-century Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Polyphony",
"text": "No voice has a privileged authority, and all have a form that inherently expresses engagement with other voices."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Critical reception of The Idiot at the time of its publication in Russia was almost uniformly negative."
}
] |
The Idiot is a book written by an Ukrainian author.
| 2 | 6 |
The Idiot
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Other well-known works by Strauss include two symphonies, lieder (especially the Four Last Songs), the Violin Concerto in D minor, the Horn Concerto No. 1, Horn Concerto No. 2, his Oboe Concerto and other instrumental works such as Metamorphosen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His last operas, Daphne, Friedenstag, Die Liebe der Danae and Capriccio used libretti written by Joseph Gregor, the Viennese theatre historian."
}
] |
CZwMicCLlmT4TXgvSkdl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered a leading composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras, he has been described as a successor of Richard Wagner and Franz Liszt."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Tone poems and other orchestral works",
"text": "Strauss wrote two early symphonies: Symphony No. 1 (1880) and Symphony No. 2 (1884)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard Georg Strauss (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈʃtʁaʊs]; 11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, and violinist."
},
{
"section_header": "Fame and success with operas (1898–1933)",
"text": "Franz and Alice had two sons, Richard and Christian."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Other well-known works by Strauss include two symphonies, lieder (especially the Four Last Songs), the Violin Concerto in D minor, the Horn Concerto No. 1, Horn Concerto No. 2, his Oboe Concerto and other instrumental works such as Metamorphosen."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Strauss as a conductor",
"text": "The preference for German and Austrian composers in Germany in the 1920s through the 1940s was typical of the German nationalism that existed after World War I. Strauss clearly capitalized on national pride for the great German-speaking composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Hollywood composers found the post-romantic idiom compatible with their efforts in scoring film\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Opera",
"text": "For his later works with Hofmannsthal, Strauss moderated his harmonic language: he used a more lush, melodic late-Romantic style based on Wagnerian chromatic harmonies that he had used in his tone poems, with much less dissonance, and exhibiting immense virtuosity in orchestral writing and tone color."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Tone poems and other orchestral works",
"text": "However, Strauss's style began to truly develop and change when, in 1885, he met Alexander Ritter, a noted composer and violinist, and the husband of one of Richard Wagner's nieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Nazi Germany (1933–1945) | Metamorphosen and apprehension by US troops",
"text": "As he descended the staircase he announced to Lieutenant Milton Weiss of the U.S. Army, \"I am Richard Strauss, the composer of Rosenkavalier and Salome."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His last operas, Daphne, Friedenstag, Die Liebe der Danae and Capriccio used libretti written by Joseph Gregor, the Viennese theatre historian."
}
] |
The composer Richard Strauss was a German Romantic is known for his two symphonies and his operas.
| 0 | 0 |
Richard Strauss
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "The Mazarinettes",
"text": "Mazarin did not have children, but he did have seven nieces: five from the Mancini family (daughters of his sister Girolama) and two from the Martinozzi family (daughters of his sister Laura)."
}
] |
Cadlinrm2fC8qrBgQy0u
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "The destruction of the conspiracy against the King was one of the last acts of Cardinal Richelieu."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "The Queen was at this time pregnant with her second child, and it was already anticipated that she would be the regent when King Louis XIII died."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "On 16 December 1641, though he had not reached his fortieth birthday, he received what he most desired, he was formally made a Cardinal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cardinal Jules Mazarin (, also UK: , US: , French: [ʒyl mazaʁɛ̃]; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino (Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo raiˈmondo madːzaˈriːno]) or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death in 1661."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "When he arrived in Paris, Mazarin was welcomed warmly by the King, by Richelieu, and by the Queen, Anne of Austria, to whom Mazarin had regularly sent perfumes, fans, gloves and other gifts."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "It appeared probable that the Queen, Anne of Austria, was also aware of this secret betrayal of Richelieu, but did not tell him or the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "On 11 June 1642, while in Tarascon on one of the long military expeditions, Mazarin was presented with evidence that Gaston, Duke of Orléans, the brother of Louis XIII, and The Marquis of Cinq-Mars, one of the King's closest advisors, had made a secret agreement with the King of Spain, without the knowledge of Richelieu or the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "Mazarin declared that it was perfect, so lifelike that, as he wrote, \"it seemed about to speak\", but French tastes did not approve of the Baroque style."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "Mazarin advised Richelieu on both political and cultural matters."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "Richelieu's attention was devoted to making war; Richelieu, who was elderly and in poor health, took the King, who was also in poor health, the court and Mazarin on a series of long military expeditions, to suppress a rebellion in Catalonia, to capture Roussillon, and, in January 1642, to lay siege to Narbonne."
},
{
"section_header": "The Mazarinettes",
"text": "Mazarin did not have children, but he did have seven nieces: five from the Mancini family (daughters of his sister Girolama) and two from the Martinozzi family (daughters of his sister Laura)."
}
] |
Cardinal Mazarin, an Italian cardinal, replaced Cardinal Richelieu as first minister to two french kings and was assassinated in 1661 leaving behind a child by his mistress.
| 1 | 2 |
Cardinal Mazarin
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent his entire 13-year baseball career with the New York Yankees (1941–1956), and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994."
}
] |
CagiOwvB6Oy1hwpudXqI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Throughout his career, his birth year was reported as 1918 in The Sporting News, the Baseball Register, and the American League Red Book; later reference sources revised the year to 1917, indicating his age at the time of his death to be 89."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent his entire 13-year baseball career with the New York Yankees (1941–1956), and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Hours later, the Dodgers and Giants owners hastened into court also; their teams were among the 10 who had actually lost a combined number of 23 players that season."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "The Yankees retired Rizzuto's number 10 in a ceremony at Yankee Stadium on August 4, 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Rizzuto played in five All-Star Games, in 1942 and each year from 1950 to 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "There has been confusion about his year of birth, stemming from Rizzuto's \"shaving a year off\" the date at the beginning of his pro career, on the advice of teammates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A popular figure on a team dynasty that captured 10 AL titles and seven World Championships in his 13 seasons"
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "However, it was subsequently reported that the New York City Department of Health said Rizzuto's official birth certificate is, in fact, dated 1917.Despite his modest size — usually listed during his playing career as five feet, six inches tall and either 150 or 160 pounds, though he rarely reached even the lower figure — Rizzuto played baseball as well as football at Richmond Hill High School in Queens."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The disarray had to end. Baseball Commissioner Albert Happy Chandler, former Kentucky governor, announced on Opening Day that exclusivity clauses still ruled—all contract-jumping players heading to Mexico or Cuba would be suspended from the Major League for 5 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The slick-fielding Rizzuto is also regarded as one of the best bunters in baseball history."
}
] |
Rizzuto played baseball for 10 years.
| 0 | 5 |
Phil Rizzuto
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The longest-serving manager in Major League Baseball history"
}
] |
CanX9EECYyVLTunU0mvg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Owner",
"text": "Jr. Although Roy and Earle had never gotten along with Connie, Jr., who was more than 20 years younger than them, Connie, Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "However, he did not want to cross the dictatorial commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis who represented the majority of MLB owners that opposed integrated baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Owner",
"text": "Such an arrangement is no longer possible in current times, as major-league rules do not allow a coach or manager to own any financial interest in a club."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "At the same time, Cochrane was named general manager—thus stripping Connie, Sr. of his remaining authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "Mack himself was upset by these allegations: when some writers accused him of deliberately losing the second game of the 1913 World Series in order to extend the series and make more money in ticket sales, he uncharacteristically wrote an angry letter to the Saturday Evening Post to deny it, saying \"I consider playing for the gate receipts ... nothing short of dishonest."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "In more recent years, his descendants have taken to politics: Mack's grandson Connie Mack III was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida (1983–89) and the United States Senate (1989–2001); and"
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "Mack lived through the entire era of racially segregated baseball (the early days of the game in his youth sometimes featured black players, but this ended by the 1890s and the major leagues remained white-only until Jackie Robinson broke down the color barrier in 1947), and even afterwards never displayed any serious interest in signing blacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "Perhaps due to his great longevity in the game, he appeared to have a kind of saintly image; his long-time friends objected to the image of him as \"the bloodless saint so often painted, a sanctimonious old Puritan patting babies\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "For instance, he kept Bender on the team payroll as a scout, minor league manager or coach from 1926 until Mack himself retired as owner-manager in 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The longest-serving manager in Major League Baseball history"
}
] |
Connie Mack was a manager for more time then any other person in the Majors.
| 2 | 6 |
Connie Mack
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pali: निब्बान nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa, literally \"blown out\", as in an oil lamp) is commonly associated with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra."
}
] |
Cb0dmmeErBB0PAoWU5yA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the Buddhist context, nirvana refers to realization of non-self and emptiness, marking the end of rebirth by stilling the fires that keep the process of rebirth going."
},
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "Those sages who reach it are free from sorrows, they have put an end to the stream of existence. (81-4) – Translated by Hermann Jacobi, 1895"
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "It is the most used as well as the earliest term to describe the soteriological goal in Buddhism: release from the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra)."
},
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "However, the more common term is Mukti or Moksh, a salvation concept wherein loving devotion to God is emphasized for liberation from endless cycle of rebirths."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All Indian religions assert it to be a state of perfect quietude, freedom, highest happiness as well as the liberation from or ending of samsara, the repeating cycle of birth, life and death."
},
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "The concept of liberation as \"extinction of suffering\", along with the idea of sansara as the \"cycle of rebirth\" is also part of Sikhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Manichaenism",
"text": "\"The story of the Death of Mani\", referring to the realm of light."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "This idea appears in many ancient and medieval texts, as Saṃsāra, or the endless cycle of life, death, rebirth and redeath, such as section 6:31 of the Mahabharata and verse 9.21 of the Bhagavad Gita."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "the Buddhist tradition, nirvana is described as the extinguishing of the fires that cause rebirths and associated suffering."
},
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pali: निब्बान nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa, literally \"blown out\", as in an oil lamp) is commonly associated with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra."
}
] |
The term Nirvana technically translates to 'blown out', and refers to the end of the cycle of rebirth.
| 3 | 5 |
Nirvana
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When Tim Keefe was a child, Patrick served in the Union Army during the American Civil War."
}
] |
Cb4QaMOXwQzVpW578zXz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Keefe's career spanned much of baseball's formative stages."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He went 41–27 over 619 innings pitched with a 2.41 ERA and 361 strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When Tim Keefe was a child, Patrick served in the Union Army during the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Keefe's early professional career included minor league stints in Lewiston, Clinton, New Bedford, Utica, and Albany."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe was very well-paid for his career, yet he was a leading member of the Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players, an early players' union that fought for the welfare of players."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He immediately established himself as a talented pitcher, posting an astounding 0.86 ERA in 105 innings pitched, a record that still stands. (He also posted the best Adjusted ERA+ in baseball history in 1880.) Despite the sterling ERA, he managed but a 6–6 record, pitching in 12 games, all complete games."
}
] |
Keefe's dad was a soldier in the Union.
| 0 | 0 |
Tim Keefe
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and ruins",
"text": "After the Sun Temple ceased to attract faithful, Konark became deserted, left to disappear in dense forests for years."
}
] |
CbPWrAVUmJHVE9vouCCx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Other temples and monuments",
"text": "This discovery was significant because it confirmed that the Konark Sun Temple complex revered all the major Hindu traditions, and was not an exclusive worship place for the saura cult as previously believed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Konark in texts",
"text": "The current Konark temple dates to the 13th century, though evidence suggests that a sun temple was built in the Konark area by at least the 9th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The temple that exists today was partially restored by the conservation efforts of British India-era archaeological teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The Konark Sun Temple was built from stone in the form of a giant ornamented chariot dedicated to the Sun god, Surya."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and ruins",
"text": "The Kenduli copper plate inscription of 1384 CE from the reign of Narasimha IV seems to indicate that the temple was not only completed but an active site of worship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Konark Sun Temple (Konark Surya Mandir) is a 13th-century CE Sun temple at Konark about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast from Puri on the coastline of Odisha, India."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and ruins",
"text": "These records do not state whether the ruins were being used by devotees to gather and worship, or part of the damaged temple was still in use for some other purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Both temples served as important landmarks for sailors in the Bay of Bengal."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Konark in texts",
"text": "Several Puranas mention Surya worship centers in Mundira, which may have been the earlier name for Konark, Kalapriya (Mathura), and Multan (now in Pakistan)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Konark Sun Temple has attracted conflicting reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and ruins",
"text": "After the Sun Temple ceased to attract faithful, Konark became deserted, left to disappear in dense forests for years."
}
] |
The Konark Sun Temple in India was built in the 13th-century and still serves as an active place of worship today.
| 0 | 0 |
Konark Sun Temple
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In March 2006, his descendants permitted examination of medical records: these showed he had hypertension, with a blood pressure more than twice normal, confirming what had long been suspected."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "At the time he was thought to have died by congestive heart failure, aggravated by overwork."
}
] |
CcO2RJxql2LvOunIch14
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Washington's health was deteriorating rapidly in 1915; he collapsed in New York City and was diagnosed by two different doctors as having Bright's disease, related to kidney diseases."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Told he only had a few days left to live, Washington expressed a desire to die at Tuskegee."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and children",
"text": "They had two sons, Booker T. Washington Jr. and Ernest Davidson Washington, before she died in 1889.In 1893"
},
{
"section_header": "Wealthy friends and benefactors | Henry Huttleston Rogers",
"text": "The next day he contacted Washington and requested a meeting, during which Washington later recounted that he was told that Rogers \"was surprised that no one had 'passed the hat' after the speech\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and memorials",
"text": "Afterward the plane was renamed as the Booker T. Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The historiography on Booker T. Washington has varied dramatically."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She explained to us what it all meant, that this was the day for which she had been so long praying, but fearing that she would never live to see."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and memorials",
"text": "At the center of Tuskegee University, the Booker T. Washington Monument was dedicated in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and memorials",
"text": "On October 19, 2009, WVSU dedicated a monument to Booker T. Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Booker was thrilled by the formal day of their emancipation in early 1865: As the great day drew nearer, there was more singing in the slave quarters than usual."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In March 2006, his descendants permitted examination of medical records: these showed he had hypertension, with a blood pressure more than twice normal, confirming what had long been suspected."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "At the time he was thought to have died by congestive heart failure, aggravated by overwork."
}
] |
Booker T. Washington had severe kidney disease, and was told he had days to live after being diagnosed, but then died of circulatory/heart issues.
| 1 | 1 |
Booker T. Washington
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Joan was illiterate and it is believed that her letters were dictated by her to scribes and she signed her letters with the help of others."
}
] |
CcQrlxZE3PhPOnSy7WZe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Various contemporary letters also emerged, three of which carry the signature Jehanne in the unsteady hand of a person learning to write."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "World War I songs include \"Joan of Arc, They Are Calling You\", and \"Joan of Arc's Answer Song\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Alleged relics",
"text": "\"Remains found under the stake of Joan of Arc, virgin of Orleans."
},
{
"section_header": "Revisionist theories",
"text": "The standard accounts of the life of Joan of Arc have been challenged by revisionist authors."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Military campaigns",
"text": "The appearance of Joan of Arc at Orléans coincided with a sudden change in the pattern of the siege."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous events | Canonization",
"text": "Joan of Arc became a symbol of the Catholic League during the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Joan of Arc became a semi-legendary figure for the four centuries after her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Revisionist theories",
"text": "Claims include: that Joan of Arc was not actually burned at the stake; that she was secretly the half sister of King Charles VII; that she was not a true Christian but a member of a pagan cult; and that most of the story of Joan of Arc is actually a myth."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Joan of Arc gained favor in the court of King Charles VII, who accepted her as sane."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc pronounced [ʒan daʁk]; c. 1412 – 30 May 1431),"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Joan was illiterate and it is believed that her letters were dictated by her to scribes and she signed her letters with the help of others."
}
] |
Joan of Arc could not read or write.
| 0 | 0 |
Joan of Arc
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pulp Fiction is widely regarded as Tarantino's masterpiece, with particular praise for its screenwriting."
}
] |
CcmapkjL1OaztcXlXtwM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In Siskel's view, the violent intensity of Pulp Fiction calls to mind other violent watershed films that were considered classics in their time and still are."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is often considered a cultural watershed, influencing films and other media that adopted elements of its style."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Alfre Woodard and Meg Tilly were also considered, but Tarantino wanted Thurman after their first meeting."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Buscemi, who had appeared in Reservoir Dogs, was originally considered for the role of Jimmie, but was unable to commit."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "And that, I predict, will be the ultimate honor for Pulp Fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Homage as essence | Cinema",
"text": "Pulp Fiction is full of homages to other movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "He read for the roles of Jules Winnfield and Brett before being cast as Marvin."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "In January 1993, the Pulp Fiction script was complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Pulp Fiction nourishes, abets, cultural slumming."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "Jersey had a distribution and \"first look\" deal with Columbia TriStar, which paid Tarantino for the right to consider exercising its option."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pulp Fiction is widely regarded as Tarantino's masterpiece, with particular praise for its screenwriting."
}
] |
Pulp Fiction is considered to be a classic.
| 0 | 0 |
Pulp Fiction
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is considered by many to be Forster's masterpiece."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The story revolves around three families in England at the beginning of the 20th century: the Wilcoxes, rich capitalists with a fortune made in the colonies; the half-German Schlegel siblings (Margaret, Helen, and Tibby), whose cultural pursuits have much in common with the Bloomsbury Group; and the Basts, an impoverished young couple from a lower-class background."
}
] |
CctAmZUcRIVnG2Z1fGOi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature",
"text": "On Beauty, a novel by Zadie Smith, is based on Howards End and was written as a homage to Forster."
},
{
"section_header": "Rooks Nest House",
"text": "Forster based his description of Howards End on a house at the hamlet of Rooks Nest in Hertfordshire, his childhood home from 1883 to 1893."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Howards End 38th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was conceived in June 1908 and worked on throughout the following year; it was completed in July 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Rooks Nest House",
"text": "The house, known in Forster's childhood as \"Rooksnest\" had, as in the novel, been owned by a family named Howard, and the house itself had been called \"Howards\" in their day."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Ten years previously, when he was on business in Cyprus, despite being married, he seduced Jacky and then carelessly abandoned her."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is considered by many to be Forster's masterpiece."
},
{
"section_header": "Rooks Nest House",
"text": "The letter was written in response to two compulsory purchase orders made by the Stevenage Development Corporation; it expressed the hope that 200 acres of the countryside around the house could be preserved both as one of the last beauty spots within 30 miles of London and \"because it is the Forster country of Howards End.\" In 1979, the centenary of the author's birth, the area was officially named the Forster Country by local planners after efforts by a campaign group, the Friends of the Forster Country, which aimed to preserve for future generations the landscape that Forster knew."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "As soon as they encounter Helen at Howards End, they see the truth."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The story revolves around three families in England at the beginning of the 20th century: the Wilcoxes, rich capitalists with a fortune made in the colonies; the half-German Schlegel siblings (Margaret, Helen, and Tibby), whose cultural pursuits have much in common with the Bloomsbury Group; and the Basts, an impoverished young couple from a lower-class background."
}
] |
Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster about wealthy American bankers and thought to be Howard's master work.
| 0 | 0 |
Howards End
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "Margaret Atwood served as consulting producer."
}
] |
CczQDGkhfQMNkGaWGxgp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "Hulu has produced a television series based on the novel, starring Elisabeth Moss as Offred."
},
{
"section_header": "Academic reception | Challenges",
"text": "Atwood participated in discussing The Handmaid's Tale as the subject of an ALA discussion series titled \"One Book, One Conference\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, published in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "Margaret Atwood served as consulting producer."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "The series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on April 25, 2018, and in May 2018, Hulu announced renewal for a third season."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "The series won eight Primetime Emmy Awards in 2017, including Outstanding Drama Series and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series (Moss)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Offred",
"text": "When the Hulu TV series chose to state outright that Offred's real name is June, Atwood wrote that it was not her original intention to imply that Offred's real name is June \"but it fits, so readers are welcome to it if they wish\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "by Kauffman. An Interview with Margaret Atwood on her novel, The Handmaid's Tale (n.d.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Feminist analysis",
"text": "Additionally, Atwood has argued that while some of the observations that informed the content of The Handmaid's Tale may be feminist, her novel is not meant to say \"one thing to one person\" or serve as a political message—instead, The Handmaid's Tale is \"a study of power, and how it operates and how it deforms or shapes the people who are living within that kind of regime\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Offred",
"text": "In Atwood's original novel, Offred's real name is never revealed; however, Volker Schlöndorff's 1990 film adaptation gave Offred the real name Kate, while the television series gave her the real name June."
}
] |
The novel by Margaret Atwood The Handmaid's Tale was turned into television series on Hulu but after a disagreement the original author was not used to consult on the series.
| 0 | 0 |
The Handmaid's Tale
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an estimated 96.2 million inhabitants as of 2019, it is the 15th most populous country in the world."
}
] |
CdG1LudoLWaF0quVdeOi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Vietnam is home to eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Southeast Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an estimated 96.2 million inhabitants as of 2019, it is the 15th most populous country in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vietnam (Vietnamese: Việt Nam, [vîət nāːm] (listen)), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), is a country in Southeast Asia and the easternmost country on the Indochinese Peninsula."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a member of such international organisations as the United Nations (UN), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, and the World Trade Organization (WTO)."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Energy",
"text": "In 2015 the reserve was approximately 4.4 billion barrels ranking Vietnam first place in Southeast Asia, while the proven gas reserves were about 0.6 trillion cubic meters (tcm) and ranking it third in Southeast Asia after Indonesia and Malaysia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a result of the successful reforms, Vietnam has enjoyed a high GDP growth rate, consistently ranked among the fastest-growing countries in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory",
"text": "At this point, the early Vietnamese kingdoms of Văn Lang and Âu Lạc appeared, and the culture's influence spread to other parts of Southeast Asia, including Maritime Southeast Asia, throughout the first millennium BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Vietnam is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, with 55% of its population living in low-elevation coastal areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Vietnam is a unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic, one of the two communist states (the other being Laos) in Southeast Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environment",
"text": "In 2000, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) called Education for Nature – Vietnam was founded to instill in the population the importance of wildlife conservation in the country."
}
] |
Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia, is the 5th most populous country in the world.
| 1 | 5 |
Vietnam
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gastropods (snails and slugs) are by far the most numerous molluscs and account for 80% of the total classified species."
}
] |
CdmLtlMr3VONQSIlP67N
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gastropods (snails and slugs) are by far the most numerous molluscs and account for 80% of the total classified species."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Snails and slugs can also be serious agricultural pests, and accidental or deliberate introduction of some snail species into new environments has seriously damaged some ecosystems."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Harmful to humans | Pests",
"text": "Some species of molluscs, particularly certain snails and slugs, can be serious crop pests, and when introduced into new environments, can unbalance local ecosystems."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "About 200,000 living species in total are estimated, and 70,000 fossil species, although the total number of mollusc species ever to have existed, whether or not preserved, must be many times greater than the number alive today."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "They include snails, slugs and other gastropods; clams and other bivalves; squids and other cephalopods; and other lesser-known but similarly distinctive subgroups."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Harmful to humans | Disease vectors",
"text": "The parasite itself is not a mollusc, but all the species have freshwater snails as intermediate hosts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution | Phylogeny",
"text": "In fact, some groups traditionally classified as molluscs may have to be redefined as distinct but related."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "In 1969 David Nicol estimated the probable total number of living mollusc species at 107,000 of which were about 12,000 fresh-water gastropods and 35,000 terrestrial."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Harmful to humans | Pests",
"text": "Attempts to control it by introducing the predatory snail Euglandina rosea proved disastrous, as the predator ignored Achatina fulica and went on to extirpate several native snail species, instead."
}
] |
Snails and slugs are the most numerous molluscs and account for 90% of the total classified species.
| 3 | 5 |
Mollusca
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys was a militia organization first established in the late 1760s in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants and later in 1777 as the Vermont Republic (which later became the state of Vermont)."
}
] |
Cdx3VdLjgKMrrvgEzZ2E
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today it is the informal name of the Vermont National Guard, which comprises both the Army and Air National Guards."
},
{
"section_header": "Vermont National Guard",
"text": "Today, the Vermont Army National Guard and Vermont Air National Guard are collectively known as the Vermont National Guard or the \"Green Mountain Boys\", even though women have served in both branches since the mid-twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys was a militia organization first established in the late 1760s in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants and later in 1777 as the Vermont Republic (which later became the state of Vermont)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Vermont Army version of the Green Mountain Boys faded away after Vermont joined the United States as the 14th U.S. state in 1791, although the Green Mountain Boys mustered for the War of 1812, The Civil War, the Spanish–American War, and following World War I as the Vermont National Guard."
},
{
"section_header": "Vermont National Guard",
"text": "Both units use the original Green Mountain Boys battle flag as their banner."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Notable members",
"text": "Moses Robinson, Colonel in Vermont Militia during American Revolution, 2nd Governor of Vermont Republic, one of the first two Senators from Vermont. Thomas Rowley – poet, militia member and spokesman, known as the \"Bard of the Green Mountains\" who \"Set the Hills on Fire\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys later formed the basis of the Vermont militia that selected Seth Warner as its leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The remnants of the Green Mountain Boys militia were largely reconstituted as the Green Mountain Continental Rangers."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The original Green Mountain Boys were a militia organized in what is now southwestern Vermont in the decade prior to the American Revolutionary War."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The army of the Vermont Republic was based upon the Green Mountain Boys."
}
] |
The Green Mountain Boys is the informal name of the Vermont National Guard but it was first established as a militia.
| 0 | 0 |
Green Mountain Boys
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Character",
"text": "Tracy was an avowed Catholic, but his cousin, Jane Feely, said that he did not devoutly follow the religion: \"he was often not a practical Catholic either."
}
] |
Ce8D9zxKIuN4pIlHlayp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "He was the first of nine actors to win the award twice, and is one of two actors to receive it consecutively, the other being Tom Hanks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the major stars of Hollywood's Golden Age, Tracy won two Academy Awards for Best Actor from nine nominations, sharing the record for nominations in the category with Laurence Olivier."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Oscar wins",
"text": "He was uncomfortable feigning a foreign accent, and resented having his hair curled, but the role was a hit with audiences and Tracy won the Academy Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Growing reputation",
"text": "Despite having only 17 minutes of screen time, Tracy was highly praised for his performance and received an Oscar nomination for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His career flourished from Fury (1936) onwards, and in 1937 and 1938 he won consecutive Oscars for Captains Courageous and Boys Town."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Established star",
"text": "Hepburn greatly admired Tracy, calling him \"the best movie actor there was\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In addition, he received the Cannes Film Festival award for Best Actor and was once named Best Actor by the National Board of Review."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Studies at two more institutions, plus the additional allowance of \"war credits\", won Tracy a place at Ripon College."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Oscar wins",
"text": "For the second year running, Tracy received an Academy Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Tracy was also nominated for five British Academy Film Awards, of which he won two, and four Golden Globe Awards, winning once."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Character",
"text": "Tracy was an avowed Catholic, but his cousin, Jane Feely, said that he did not devoutly follow the religion: \"he was often not a practical Catholic either."
}
] |
Spencer Tracy won best actor two consecutive times and was Jewish.
| 0 | 3 |
Spencer Tracy
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Hoffman, whose mother was born in England, was the bullpen coach for the Great Britain team during the qualifying round of the 2017 World Baseball Classic."
}
] |
CevxlyCXYhwGz9txr0Ww
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ed would often bring Trevor to the games with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Character",
"text": "\"My greatest memory of Trevor is from game No. 163 in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Work ethic",
"text": "But Trevor took it to a level and a commitment and Hall of Fame caliber."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Other teams contacted the Padres for videos of the \"Trevor Time\" production."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2009–2010",
"text": "\"To be a part of it was great because of how much admiration we all have for Trevor\", said teammate Craig Counsell."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Rivera broke Hoffman's career save record in 2011, and finished his career with 652.In 2014, Major League Baseball introduced the Trevor Hoffman National League Reliever of the Year Award, which is awarded annually to the top reliever in the NL."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | Retirement",
"text": "San Diego Mayor Jerry Sanders declared it \"Trevor Hoffman Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" Opposing closer Jason Isringhausen said, \"'Hells Bells' in San Diego is Trevor."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2009–2010",
"text": "Hoffman recorded his first save for Milwaukee the next day, and the Brewers continued with his \"Trevor Time\" entrance."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 1996–1998",
"text": "It was Hoffman's only blown save of the regular season."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Hoffman, whose mother was born in England, was the bullpen coach for the Great Britain team during the qualifying round of the 2017 World Baseball Classic."
}
] |
Trevor Hoffman's mom is British.
| 0 | 0 |
Trevor Hoffman
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "A \"power trio,\" the Police are known as a new wave and post-punk band, with many songs falling in the reggae-fusion genre."
}
] |
Cf9fv6Qlf75le9YkvCaz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During this time, the band were considered one of the leaders of the Second British Invasion of the US; in 1983 Rolling Stone labelled them \"the first British New Wave act to break through in America on a grand scale, and possibly the biggest band in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "This is the only Police recording featuring Henry Padovani."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Police were an English rock band formed in London in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2008: Reunion tour",
"text": "\"Once we're done with our reunion tour, that's it for the Police."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Police became globally popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "On 1 May 1977, The Police released on Illegal Records their debut single"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1986–2006: Disbandment",
"text": "However, a few events did bring the Police back together, albeit briefly."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2008: Reunion tour",
"text": "Side-Line also stated the Police were to embark on a massive world tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1984–1986: Hiatus, aborted sixth studio album",
"text": "In June 1986, the Police reconvened to play three concerts for the Amnesty International"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1984–1986: Hiatus, aborted sixth studio album",
"text": "Anyway, it was clear Sting had no real intention of writing any new songs for the Police."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "A \"power trio,\" the Police are known as a new wave and post-punk band, with many songs falling in the reggae-fusion genre."
}
] |
The Police are considered a "power trio".
| 0 | 0 |
The Police
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film, which is the eighth and final instalment in the Harry Potter film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling."
}
] |
CfDMbON9WRt6Nz383rFv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 grossed $381,011,219 in the United States and Canada, along with $960,500,000 in other markets, for a worldwide total of $1,341,511,219."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 was nominated for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, and Best Visual Effects at the 84th Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other markets",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is the third-highest-grossing film, the highest-grossing 2011 film, the highest-grossing Warner Bros. film and the highest-grossing Harry Potter film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Part 2 was filmed back-to-back with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 from 19 February 2009 to 12 June 2010, with reshoots for the epilogue scene taking place at Leavesden Film Studios on 21 December 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other markets",
"text": "On its opening day, Deathly Hallows – Part 2 grossed $43.6 million from 26 countries, placing it 86% ahead of Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and 49% higher than Half-Blood Prince."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other markets",
"text": "Deathly Hallows – Part 2 was in first place at the box office outside North America for four consecutive weekends."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Theatrical release",
"text": "The Indonesian government levied a new value added tax on royalties from foreign films in February 2011, causing three film studios, including Warner Brothers, to halt the importation of their films, including Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 into the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other markets",
"text": "The average 3D share of Deathly Hallows – Part 2 was 60%, which was lower than the 3D share for Transformers: Dark of the Moon (70%) and"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \" Thrilling, powerfully acted, and visually dazzling, Deathly Hallows Part II brings the Harry Potter franchise to a satisfying – and suitably magical – conclusion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film, which is the eighth and final instalment in the Harry Potter film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling."
}
] |
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 is not the last movie of the saga.
| 0 | 1 |
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Kiz Toys is a toy company based out of Cumming, Georgia, and Niekro advises the company on the KizSport baseball line, reviewing product designs and development on an ongoing basis and offering suggestions on current and future products."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro is a member of the Kiz Toys Board of Advisors."
}
] |
CfG3a7nAZnfxFlZ3Nrel
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "Niekro debuted with the Milwaukee Braves in 1964, working 15 major league innings and spending time with the team's class AAA minor league affiliate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That season, Phil and Joe Niekro were NL co-leaders in wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching repertoire",
"text": "Ralph Kiner compared Niekro's special pitch to \"watching Mario Andretti park a car.\" Pete Rose said, \"I work for three weeks to get my swing down pat and Phil messes it up in one night... Trying to hit that thing is a miserable way to make a living.\" Catcher Bob Uecker was also frustrated by the pitch at times, saying, \"Niekro struck out a hitter once"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Phil and his younger brother Joe Niekro amassed 539 wins between them, the most combined wins by brothers in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In addition, Phil played American Legion Baseball growing up."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "John Havlicek. The baseball field on which he played at Bridgeport High School's Perkins Field athletic complex was renamed \"The Niekro Diamond\" in 2008 after both Phil and his brother, fellow major league pitcher Joe Niekro."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1970-1979",
"text": "In 1974, Niekro led the league in several pitching categories, including wins (20), complete games (18), and innings pitched (302.1)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "The Braves went to the playoffs, where Niekro was 0-1 with four earned runs allowed in an eight-inning appearance against the New York Mets."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1980-1983",
"text": "He pitched six innings of Game Two and left with a 3–2 lead."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "His total of 5,404⅓ innings pitched is the most by any pitcher in the post-1920 live-ball era."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Kiz Toys is a toy company based out of Cumming, Georgia, and Niekro advises the company on the KizSport baseball line, reviewing product designs and development on an ongoing basis and offering suggestions on current and future products."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro is a member of the Kiz Toys Board of Advisors."
}
] |
Phil Niekro works in the marketing department of a sports franchise.
| 0 | 0 |
Phil Niekro
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series is set in The Hunger Games universe, and follows young Katniss Everdeen."
}
] |
CflQPPTXafhfbpJTnGom
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunger Games is a series of young adult dystopian novels written by American novelist Suzanne Collins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series is set in The Hunger Games universe, and follows young Katniss Everdeen."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Origins",
"text": "Collins says she drew inspiration for the series from both classical and contemporary sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In August 2012, the series ranked second, exceeded only by the Harry Potter series in NPR's poll of the top 100 teen novels, which asked voters to choose their favorite young adult books."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Structure",
"text": "Collins has said this format comes from her playwriting background, which taught her to write in a three-act structure; her previous series, The Underland Chronicles, was written in the same way."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "In the arena, Katniss allies with Rue, a young tribute from District 11 who reminds Katniss of her kid sister."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | Mockingjay",
"text": "When she meets Snow by chance, he claims that it was Coin who secretly ordered the bombings in order to strip away the support of his remaining followers."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Origins",
"text": "Collins also cites as a classical inspiration the Roman gladiator games."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | Catching Fire",
"text": "While they follow Snow's orders and keep up the ruse, Katniss inadvertently fuels the rebellion, and the mockingjay pin she wears becomes its symbol."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Origins",
"text": "A contemporary source of inspiration was Collins' recent fascination with reality television programs."
}
] |
The series follows young Suzanne Collins.
| 1 | 4 |
The Hunger Games
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "They are: the outer mitochondrial membrane, the intermembrane space (the space between the outer and inner membranes), the inner mitochondrial membrane, the cristae space (formed by infoldings of the inner membrane), and the matrix (space within the inner membrane).Mitochondria stripped of their outer membrane are called mitoplasts."
}
] |
CfopTBwy9AZC4ukmZPua
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure | Outer membrane",
"text": "Larger proteins can enter the mitochondrion if a signaling sequence at their N-terminus binds to a large multisubunit protein called translocase in the outer membrane, which then actively moves them across the membrane."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Outer membrane",
"text": "Outside the outer membrane there are small (diameter: 60Å) particles named sub-units of Parson."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Inner membrane | Cristae",
"text": "Mitochondria within the same cell can have substantially different crista-density, the ones that are required to produce more energy, have much more crista-membrane surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Outer membrane",
"text": "It contains large numbers of integral membrane proteins called porins."
},
{
"section_header": "Genome | Replication and inheritance",
"text": "The data are a bit more controversial in humans, although indirect evidence of recombination exists."
},
{
"section_header": "Genome | Replication and inheritance",
"text": "This division and segregation process must be tightly controlled so that each daughter cell receives at least one mitochondrion."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Outer membrane",
"text": "The mitochondrial outer membrane can associate with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, in a structure called MAM (mitochondria-associated ER-membrane)."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The two membranes have different properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) | Calcium signaling",
"text": "Transmission occurs in response to so-called \"Ca2+"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To date, only one eukaryote, Monocercomonoides, is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, and one multicellular organism, Henneguya salminicola, is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "They are: the outer mitochondrial membrane, the intermembrane space (the space between the outer and inner membranes), the inner mitochondrial membrane, the cristae space (formed by infoldings of the inner membrane), and the matrix (space within the inner membrane).Mitochondria stripped of their outer membrane are called mitoplasts."
}
] |
The Mitochondrion can exist without one of its membranes but is called a different name.
| 1 | 3 |
Mitochondrion
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into the prominent Borgia family in Xàtiva in the Crown of Aragon (now Spain), Rodrigo studied law at the University of Bologna."
}
] |
CgHITjkYmWfBirf0aLy9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "This is, at least partially, why both Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI gave powers to family members whom they could trust."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "The Canadian sketch comedy History Bites parodied Pope Alexander VI by portraying him and his family as \"The Osborgias\" (done as a parody of The Osbournes)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1492, Rodrigo was elected Pope, taking the name Alexander VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "In these circumstances Alexander, feeling more than ever that he could only rely on his own kin, turned his thoughts to further family aggrandizement."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Books",
"text": "Alexander VI and his family are the subjects of Mario Puzo's final novel The Family (2001), as well as Robert Rankin's humorous and fictionalized novel The Antipope."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "As for his true faults, known only to his confessor, Pope Alexander VI apparently died genuinely repentant."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Books",
"text": "Spanish author Javier Sierra writes of Pope Alexander VI in his novel, The Secret Supper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja (Valencian: Roderic Llançol i de Borja"
},
{
"section_header": "French in retreat",
"text": "The Orsini remained very powerful, and Pope Alexander VI could count on none but his 3,000 Spanish troops."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "Showtime's The Borgias (2011–2013) was produced by Neil Jordan and starred Jeremy Irons as Pope Alexander VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into the prominent Borgia family in Xàtiva in the Crown of Aragon (now Spain), Rodrigo studied law at the University of Bologna."
}
] |
Pope Alexander VI was a member of the Tudor family.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Alexander VI
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; \"Suleiman the Lawgiver\") in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566."
}
] |
CgPv8iumKVJUjuyM8SpE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Campaigns in the Indian Ocean",
"text": "The Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great himself is known to have exchanged six documents with Suleiman the Magnificent."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal and political reforms",
"text": "While Sultan Suleiman was known as \"the Magnificent\" in the West, he was always Kanuni Suleiman or \"The Lawgiver\" (قانونی) to his Ottoman subjects."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative names and titles",
"text": "Suleiman the Magnificent (محتشم سليمان Muḥteşem Süleymān), as he was known in the West, was also called Suleiman the First (سلطان سليمان"
},
{
"section_header": "Legal and political reforms",
"text": "Yet an area of distinct law known as the Kanuns (قانون, canonical legislation) was dependent on Suleiman's will alone, covering areas such as criminal law, land tenure and taxation."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Conquests in Europe",
"text": "Following the five-month Siege of Rhodes (1522), Rhodes capitulated and Suleiman allowed the Knights of Rhodes to depart."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the helm of an expanding empire, Suleiman personally instituted major legislative changes relating to society, education, taxation and criminal law."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Campaigns in the Indian Ocean",
"text": "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal and political reforms",
"text": "Furthermore, Suleiman enacted new criminal and police legislation, prescribing a set of fines for specific offenses, as well as reducing the instances requiring death or mutilation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "اول Sultan Süleyman-ı Evvel; Turkish: اول Sultan Süleyman-ı Evvel; Turkish: Birinci Süleyman, Kanunî Sultan Süleyman or Muhteşem Süleyman; 6 November 1494 – 6 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the West and Kanunî Sultan Süleyman (Ottoman Turkish: قانونى سلطان سليمان"
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Ottoman–Safavid War",
"text": "In 1555, a settlement known as the Peace of Amasya was signed which defined the borders of the two empires."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; \"Suleiman the Lawgiver\") in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566."
}
] |
Suleiman the Magnificent was known as a criminal and was not allowed into the military.
| 1 | 6 |
Suleiman the Magnificent
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the mid-1960s, Oedipa Maas lives a fairly comfortable life in the (fictional) northern Californian village of Kinneret, despite her lackluster marriage with Mucho Maas, a rudderless radio jockey, and her sessions with Dr. Hilarius, an unhinged German psychotherapist who tries to medicate his patients with LSD."
}
] |
CgiwrOceXzOB0v0HUBdz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49 (1965) is the shortest novel published by American author Thomas Pynchon."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49. J. B. Lippincott."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Wendell \"Mucho\" Maas – Oedipa's husband, Mucho once worked in a used-car lot but recently became a disc jockey for KCUF radio in Kinneret, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49. Harper and Row, 1986, reissued 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "In the William Gibson novel Count Zero (1986), the multinational corporation Maas Neotek is named in honor of Oedipa Maas."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book",
"text": "J. Kerry Grant wrote A Companion to the Crying of Lot 49 in an attempt to catalogue these references but it is neither definitive nor complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book | The Beatles",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49 was published shortly after Beatlemania and the \"British invasion\" that took place in the United States and other Western countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book | The Beatles",
"text": "Late in the novel, Oedipa's husband, Mucho Maas, a disc jockey at Kinneret radio station KCUF, describes his experience of discovering the Beatles."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the mid-1960s, Oedipa Maas lives a fairly comfortable life in the (fictional) northern Californian village of Kinneret, despite her lackluster marriage with Mucho Maas, a rudderless radio jockey, and her sessions with Dr. Hilarius, an unhinged German psychotherapist who tries to medicate his patients with LSD."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book | Remedios Varo",
"text": "Near the beginning of The Crying of Lot 49, Oedipa recalls a trip to an art museum in Mexico with Inverarity, during which she encountered a painting, Bordando el Manto Terrestre by Remedios Varo."
}
] |
The Crying of Lot 49 is a short novel with characters who names are Mucho Maas and Dr. Hilarious.
| 0 | 0 |
The Crying of Lot 49
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA) is an airport in Queens, New York."
}
] |
CgkjYRVhkdoB8IvPBmWv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Other facilities",
"text": "Its LaGuardia Airport Command is located in Building 137."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "The existing North Beach Airport was an obvious location, but much too small for the sort of airport that was being planned."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glenn H. Curtiss Airport (named after aviation pioneer Glenn Hammond Curtiss), later renamed North Beach Airport, was the earlier airport at this location."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Terminals | Terminal B",
"text": "The new Terminal B Western Concourse is slated to open in 2021 where all of American Airlines gates will be located."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaGuardia Airport covers 680 acres (280 ha).In 2016, LaGuardia Airport had a strong growth in passenger traffic; about 29.8 million passengers used the airport, a 14.2 percent increase from the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reconstruction | Reconstruction work",
"text": "By locating the terminals closer to the Grand Central Parkway, additional space for aircraft taxiways and hold areas will be created, reducing ground delays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA) is an airport in Queens, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later development",
"text": "Although LaGuardia was a large airport for the era in which it was built, it soon became too small."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Terminals",
"text": "As with the other Port Authority airports, some terminals at LaGuardia are managed and maintained by airlines themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later development",
"text": "The increase in traffic at LaGuardia and safety concerns prompted the closure of nearby Flushing Airport in 1984."
}
] |
The LaGuardia Airport is located in California.
| 0 | 2 |
LaGuardia Airport
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The establishment of Alphabet Inc. was prompted by a desire to make the core Google business \"cleaner and more accountable\" while allowing greater autonomy to group companies that operate in businesses other than Internet services."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was created through a restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries."
}
] |
ChHuesaU6Hx7B4BDBPQp
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SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "At the same time, it was announced that Google will be reorganized as a limited liability company, Google LLC.Eric Schmidt said at an Internet Association event in 2015 that there may eventually be more than 26 Alphabet subsidiaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was created through a restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The establishment of Alphabet Inc. was prompted by a desire to make the core Google business \"cleaner and more accountable\" while allowing greater autonomy to group companies that operate in businesses other than Internet services."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "On August 10, 2015, Google Inc. announced plans to create a new public holding company,"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This newer Google is a bit slimmed down, with the companies that are pretty far afield of our main internet products contained in Alphabet instead. ... Fundamentally, we believe this allows us more management scale, as we can run things independently that aren't very related."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The two founders of Google assumed executive roles in the new company, with Larry Page serving as CEO and Sergey Brin as president."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "He also said he wanted to improve \"the transparency and oversight of what we're doing\", and to allow greater control of unrelated companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Beside its largest subsidiary, Google, Alphabet Inc. has several other subsidiaries in several other industries, among others: As of September 1, 2017, their equity is held by a subsidiary known as XXVI Holdings,"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Sundar Pichai, the CEO of Google, is to assume the CEO role at Alphabet while retaining the same at Google."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Page and Brin remain co-founders, employees, board members, and controlling shareholders of Alphabet Inc."
}
] |
Alphabet Inc. is the parent company of Google as of 2015 with the same founders to allow more cover for their other companies.
| 0 | 0 |
Alphabet Inc.
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Exo (Korean: 엑소; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean–Chinese boy band based in Seoul, with nine members: Xiumin, Suho, Lay, Baekhyun, Chen, Chanyeol, D.O., Kai and Sehun."
}
] |
ChSVtuEKlbUDNgOkG3nK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band ranked as one of the top five most influential celebrities on the Forbes Korea Power Celebrity list each year from 2014 to 2018, and have been named \"the biggest boy band in the world\" and the \"kings of K-pop\" by media outlets."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and influence",
"text": "They have gained immense popularity in South Korea, and were named by Forbes on the Korea Power Celebrity list as the most powerful celebrities in South Korea for 2015 and 2016; within the top five for 2014, 2017, and 2018; and within the top 10 for 2019 They have been given a number of honorific nicknames such as \"Kings of K-Pop\" by international outlets Vogue, Metro, PageOne and South Korean outlets including OBS among others."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Exo (Korean: 엑소; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean–Chinese boy band based in Seoul, with nine members: Xiumin, Suho, Lay, Baekhyun, Chen, Chanyeol, D.O., Kai and Sehun."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and influence",
"text": "In April 2018, Forbes described Exo as one of the two artists worldwide that dramatically over-perform on social media, with the other being fellow K-pop boy band BTS."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2018–present: International recognition",
"text": "The nine medals, each commemorating one of the group's members, were unveiled at a ceremony in Seoul."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and influence",
"text": "In 2018, Exo became \"quintuple million sellers\", meaning the band has sold over one million copies apiece for five different albums."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2013–2014: Commercial success",
"text": "All versions of XOXO collectively sold over one million copies, making Exo the first South Korean artists to reach that milestone in 12 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and influence",
"text": "Exo also ranked at number two on the 2018 Billboard Social 50 end of year ranking."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It sold over one million copies, which made Exo the first Korean artist to do so in twelve years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2013–2014: Commercial success",
"text": "Overdose became the best selling release of 2014 in South Korea, and was the first EP to top the yearly charts and win the Album of the Year Award at the Mnet Asian Music Awards."
}
] |
Exo is a South Korean–Chinese boy band based in Seoul made of 12 members and has ranked as one of the top five most influential celebrities on the Forbes Korea Power Celebrity list each year from 2014 to 2018.
| 0 | 0 |
Exo (band)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a child, Banks was not very interested in baseball, preferring swimming, basketball and football."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father bought him a baseball glove for less than three dollars at a five and dime store and motivated him with nickels and dimes to play catch."
}
] |
CherXhyf1Sb1dVzCGfIT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, who had worked in construction and was a warehouse loader for a grocery chain, played baseball for black, semi-professional teams in Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "He was the Cubs' first black player; he became one of several former Negro league players who joined MLB teams without playing in the minor leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father bought him a baseball glove for less than three dollars at a five and dime store and motivated him with nickels and dimes to play catch."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "In the same year, the Society for American Baseball Research listed him 27th on a list of the 100 greatest baseball players."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Banks and Baker roomed together on road trips and became the first all-black double-play combination in major league history."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "In 1954, Banks' double play partner during his official rookie season was Gene Baker, the Cubs' second black player."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "At the 1990 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the first one held at Wrigley Field since Banks' playing days, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch to starting catcher Mike Scioscia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He began playing professional baseball in 1950 with the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His great nephew, Acie Law, is a professional basketball player who attended Texas A&M University before playing in the National Basketball Association (NBA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a child, Banks was not very interested in baseball, preferring swimming, basketball and football."
}
] |
American baseball player Ernie Banks got interested in playing because of his father who played on the black leagues in Texas.
| 0 | 0 |
Ernie Banks
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "An intensely private man, Lindbergh became exasperated by the unrelenting public attention in the wake of the kidnapping and Hauptmann trial, and was concerned for the safety of his three-year-old second son, Jon."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "Consequently, in the predawn hours of Sunday, December 22, 1935, the family \"sailed furtively\" from Manhattan for Liverpool, the only three passengers aboard the United States Lines freighter SS American Importer."
}
] |
CiMtPFOqNdEfOLkiyF4j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In March 1932, Lindbergh's infant son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what the American media called the \"Crime of the Century\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "An intensely private man, Lindbergh became exasperated by the unrelenting public attention in the wake of the kidnapping and Hauptmann trial, and was concerned for the safety of his three-year-old second son, Jon."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Kidnapping of Charles Lindbergh Jr.",
"text": "Hauptmann went on trial for kidnapping, murder and extortion on January 2, 1935 in a circus-like atmosphere in Flemington, New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "Except for a brief visit to the U.S. in December 1937, the family (including a third son, Land, born May 1937 in London) lived and traveled extensively in Europe before returning to the U.S. in April 1939, settling in a rented seaside estate at Lloyd Neck, Long Island, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life | Double life and secret German children",
"text": "Lindbergh also had a son and daughter (born in 1959 and 1961) with Valeska, an East Prussian aristocrat who was his private secretary in Europe and lived in Baden-Baden."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By late 1935, the hysteria surrounding the case had driven the Lindbergh family into exile in Europe, from which they returned in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Kidnapping of Charles Lindbergh Jr.",
"text": "A man who claimed to be the kidnapper picked up a cash ransom of $50,000 on April 2, part of which was in gold certificates, which were soon to be withdrawn from circulation and would therefore attract attention; the bills' serial numbers were also recorded."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "In 1938, the family moved to Île Illiec, a small four-acre island Lindbergh purchased off the Breton coast of France."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "The family eventually rented \"Long Barn\" in Sevenoaks Weald, Kent."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "News of the Lindberghs' \"flight to Europe\" did not become public until a full day later, and even after the identity of their ship became known radiograms addressed to Lindbergh on it were returned as \"Addressee not aboard\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "Consequently, in the predawn hours of Sunday, December 22, 1935, the family \"sailed furtively\" from Manhattan for Liverpool, the only three passengers aboard the United States Lines freighter SS American Importer."
}
] |
Charles Lindbergh tried to escape the attention of the media after the trial of the murderer of his son by taking his family to Europe.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Lindbergh
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post career",
"text": "Dihigo returned to Cuba when Castro took power, and was appointed the minister of sports."
}
] |
CigdJ479RaQLdjgmfLxb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues",
"text": "As a pitcher, he went 26–19 with a 2.92 ERA, with 176 strikeouts and 80 walks in 354 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Hall of Fame Inductions",
"text": "Dihigo was also inducted into the Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martín Magdaleno Dihigo Llanos (May 25, 1906 – May 20, 1971) was a Cuban professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Post career",
"text": "He taught programs for amateur baseball players that the new government opened"
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Hall of Fame Inductions",
"text": "Known as a humorous, good-natured man as well as a versatile player, Dihigo was elected to the American Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Hall of Fame Inductions",
"text": "Along with Willie Wells, Dihigo is just one of two players to be inducted to the American, Cuban, Mexican, Dominican Republic and Venezuelan Baseball Halls of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "His first summer in United States baseball came in 1923 as a first baseman for the Negro leagues' Cuban Stars (East)."
},
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "Dihigo continued his playing career in Mexico into the early 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Post career",
"text": "After retiring, Dihigo became a radio announcer for the Cuban Winter League."
},
{
"section_header": "Post career",
"text": "Dihigo returned to Cuba when Castro took power, and was appointed the minister of sports."
}
] |
Dihigo got involved in politics after the end of his baseball career.
| 1 | 4 |
Martín Dihigo
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The initial German debt defaults",
"text": "At the conclusion of World War I, the Allied and Associate Powers included in the Treaty of Versailles a plan for reparations to be paid by Germany; 20 billion gold marks was to be paid while the final figure was decided."
}
] |
CiwZyUGHvNFRWjAvJPm7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The initial German debt defaults",
"text": "German industrialists in the Ruhr Valley, who had lost factories in Lorraine which went back to France after the war, demanded hundreds of millions of marks compensation from the German government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It ended a crisis in European diplomacy following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The initial German debt defaults",
"text": "The Germans needed coal for home heating and for domestic steel production, having lost the steel plants of Lorraine to the French."
},
{
"section_header": "Main points of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "Germany benefitted enormously from the influx of foreign capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay."
},
{
"section_header": "Main points of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "The economy of Germany began to rebound during the mid-1920s and the country continued with the payment of reparations—now funded by the large scale influx of American capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "The Dawes Plan resulted in French troops leaving the Ruhr Valley."
},
{
"section_header": "Main points of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "The Dawes Plan went into effect in September 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Main points of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "Germany would be loaned about $200 million, primarily through Wall Street bond issues in the United StatesThe bond issues were overseen by consortium of American investment banks, led by J.P. Morgan & Co. under the supervision of the US State Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "The Dawes Plan was also the beginning of the ties between German industry and American investment banks."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The initial German debt defaults",
"text": "At the conclusion of World War I, the Allied and Associate Powers included in the Treaty of Versailles a plan for reparations to be paid by Germany; 20 billion gold marks was to be paid while the final figure was decided."
}
] |
The Dawes Plan ensured that Germany would receive compensation for the colonies it lost to other European nations.
| 0 | 0 |
Dawes Plan
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Before Dick Williams became a Major League manager in 1967, he successfully appeared on the television quiz shows The Match Game and the original Hollywood Squares."
}
] |
CiwbAmqhQ4atZxaorttS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | An \"Impossible Dream\" in Boston",
"text": "In Yastrzemski's words, \"Dick Williams didn't take anything when he took over the club last spring...to the best of my knowledge—and I would know if it had happened—no one challenged Williams all season."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Dick Williams died of a ruptured aortic aneurysm at a hospital near his home in Henderson, Nevada on July 7, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | From Southern California to Montreal and back | California Angels",
"text": "Overall, Williams' Anaheim tenure turned out to be a miserable one."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Playing career",
"text": "On June 27, 1963, Williams was victimized by one of the greatest catches in Fenway Park history."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Before Dick Williams became a Major League manager in 1967, he successfully appeared on the television quiz shows The Match Game and the original Hollywood Squares."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | An \"Impossible Dream\" in Boston",
"text": "He then signed a one-year contract to manage the 1967 Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Playing career",
"text": "His two-year playing career in Boston was uneventful, except for one occasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is one of eight managers to win pennants in both major leagues, and joined Bill McKechnie in becoming only the second manager to lead three franchises to the Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known especially as a hard-driving, sharp-tongued manager from 1967 to 1969 and from 1971 to 1988, he led teams to three American League pennants, one National League pennant, and two World Series triumphs."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | Two titles in a row in Oakland",
"text": "But Williams had a surprise for Finley."
}
] |
Dick Williams was a participant in a celebrity dancing competition on TV.
| 0 | 0 |
Dick Williams
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "While none of Fargo was actually filmed in Fargo, the Fargo-Moorhead Convention & Visitors Bureau exhibits original script copies and several props used in the film, including the wood chipper prop."
}
] |
CjF7Swyf60e5g3pAaYFj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Ebert called it \"one of the best films I've ever seen\", adding that \"films like Fargo are why I love the movies\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "[Coen brothers] realised what a tough acting challenge we were handing Bill Macy with this part."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Due to unusually low snowfall totals in central and southern Minnesota that winter, scenes requiring snow-covered landscapes had to be shot in northern Minnesota and northeastern North Dakota, though not in or near the actual towns of Fargo and Brainerd."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Feliciano scene was shot at the Chanhassen Dinner Theatre in Chanhassen, near Minneapolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "\"The parts of Marge Gunderson, Carl Showalter and Gaear Grimsrud were written with their respective actors in mind."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At the drop location in a Minneapolis parking garage, Wade tells Carl he will not hand over the money without seeing Jean, but does not yet display his concealed weapon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, the American Film Institute named it one of the 100 greatest American films in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Ember's, the restaurant where Carl discussed the ransom drop with Gustafson, was located in St. Louis Park, the Coens' hometown; the building now houses a medical outpatient treatment center."
},
{
"section_header": "Television series",
"text": "In season one, the episode \"Eating the Blame\" reintroduces the buried ransom money for a minor three-episode subplot."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Jerry's initial meeting with Carl and Gaear was shot at a pool hall and bar called The King of Clubs in the northeast section of Minneapolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "While none of Fargo was actually filmed in Fargo, the Fargo-Moorhead Convention & Visitors Bureau exhibits original script copies and several props used in the film, including the wood chipper prop."
}
] |
No part of Fargo was not shot on location.
| 0 | 6 |
Fargo (film)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Records and statistics",
"text": "Since their inception, Paris Saint-Germain have played 50 seasons, all of them within the top three levels of the French football league system: Ligue 1, Ligue 2 and Division 3."
}
] |
CjJ3ZGfIHSIHcudEB3Ko
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Identity | Crest evolution",
"text": "Having to merge and give birth to the club using Stade Saint-Germain's stadium, the PFC crest kept its original design but the name below it changed from \"Paris FC\" to \"Paris Saint-Germain Football Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Friendly tournaments | Tournoi Indoor de Paris-Bercy",
"text": "Paris SG is the most successful club in the history of the competition, having lifted the trophy on two occasions."
},
{
"section_header": "Identity | Crest evolution",
"text": "The first crest of Paris Saint-Germain was basically the same as the original Paris FC (PFC) logo."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Paris FC remained in Ligue 1, while PSG were administratively relegated to Division 3."
},
{
"section_header": "Friendly tournaments | Tournoi de Paris",
"text": "Initially held by Racing Paris between 1957 and 1966, the Tournoi de Paris briefly returned in 1973 with new organizers Paris FC, before current hosts Paris Saint-Germain successfully relaunched the competition in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Friendly tournaments | Tournoi de Paris",
"text": "PSG is the most successful club in the competition's history, having lifted the trophy on seven occasions."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "PSG got their revenge in 1974 when they returned to Ligue 1 and Paris FC slipped into the division below."
},
{
"section_header": "Grounds | Parc des Princes",
"text": "It was the curtain-raiser for that season's opening Ligue 1 match between Paris FC (PFC) and Sochaux."
},
{
"section_header": "Friendly tournaments | Tournoi Indoor de Paris-Bercy",
"text": "The Tournoi Indoor de Paris-Bercy was a mid-season indoor football invitational competition hosted by Paris Saint-Germain at the AccorHotels Arena in Paris, France."
},
{
"section_header": "Players",
"text": "As of the 2019–20 season. As of the 2019–20 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Records and statistics",
"text": "Since their inception, Paris Saint-Germain have played 50 seasons, all of them within the top three levels of the French football league system: Ligue 1, Ligue 2 and Division 3."
}
] |
Paris Saint-Germain F.C. have participated in 70 seasons.
| 0 | 0 |
Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "The prince would have to wait five years before he was married in 1612 (1021 AH), on a date selected by the court astrologers as most conducive to ensuring a happy marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "In addition, Khurram had two children from his first two wives."
}
] |
CjT5qEwft7jA8rj0rSUz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Birth and background",
"text": "Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram was born on 5 January 1592 in Lahore, in modern-day Pakistan, and was the third son of Prince Salim (later known as 'Jahangir' upon his accession)."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "This was an unusually long engagement for the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Rebel prince",
"text": "Prince Khurram resented the influence Nur Jahan held over his father and was angered at having to play second fiddle to her favourite Shahryar, his half-brother and her son-in-law."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "In 1607, Khurram became engaged to Arjumand Banu Begum (1593–1631), who is also known as Mumtaz Mahal (Persian for \"the chosen one of the Palace\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Full title",
"text": "Shahab ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan"
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "They met in their youth. They were about 14 and 15 when they were engaged, and five years later they got married."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was laid to rest next to his wife in the Taj Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Aurangzeb, the third son, gathered a well-trained army and became its chief commander."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Khusrau rebellion",
"text": "As the third son, Khurram did not challenge the two major power blocs of the time, his father's and his step-brother's; thus, he enjoyed the benefits of imperial protection and luxury while being allowed to continue with his education and training."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This set off a war of succession among his four sons in which his third son, Aurangzeb, emerged victorious and usurped his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "The prince would have to wait five years before he was married in 1612 (1021 AH), on a date selected by the court astrologers as most conducive to ensuring a happy marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "In addition, Khurram had two children from his first two wives."
}
] |
Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram wed his third wife after an engagement of half a decade.
| 0 | 0 |
Shah Jahan
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Dustin Hoffman, Meryl Streep, Jane Alexander, and Justin Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of a couple's divorce, its impact on their young son, and the subsequent evolution of their relationship and views on parenting."
}
] |
Cjcb8UuwJK8DC1tadrEe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "In 1995, Kramer vs. Kramer was remade in India as Akele Hum Akele Tum, starring Aamir Khan and Manisha Koirala."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Dustin Hoffman, Meryl Streep, Jane Alexander, and Justin Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ted Kramer (Dustin Hoffman) is a workaholic advertising executive who has just been assigned a new and very important account."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "\"How do I look?\" As the elevator doors start to close on Joanna, Ted answers, \"Terrific.\" Dustin Hoffman as Ted Kramer"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kramer vs. Kramer was theatrically released on December 19, 1979, by Columbia Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "That's what makes Kramer vs. Kramer such a touching film: We get the feeling at times that personalities are changing and decisions are being made even as we watch them.\" Vincent Canby of The New York Times called it a \"fine, witty, moving, most intelligent adaptation of Avery Corman's best-selling novel,\" with Streep giving \"one of the major performances of the year\" and Hoffman \"splendid in one of the two or three best roles of his career.\" Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film four stars out of four and wrote, \"'Kramer vs. Kramer' never loses its low-key, realistic touch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kramer vs. Kramer is a 1979 American legal drama film written and directed by Robert Benton, based on Avery Corman's 1977 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Kramer vs. Kramer reflected a cultural shift which occurred during the 1970s, when ideas about motherhood and fatherhood were changing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of a couple's divorce, its impact on their young son, and the subsequent evolution of their relationship and views on parenting."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Meryl Streep as Joanna (Stern) Kramer"
}
] |
Kramer vs. Kramer is a film that stars Dustin Hoffman and is about a couple's divorce.
| 0 | 0 |
Kramer vs. Kramer
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Audio | Radio",
"text": "It was broadcast on National Public Radio in 1981, adapting the original 1977 film into 13 episodes."
}
] |
CjqDYbUcgdhsUG6Mx1jJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Print media | Comics",
"text": "Marvel's Star Wars series was one of the industry's top selling titles in 1979 and 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "The success of the Star Wars films led the franchise to become one of the most merchandised franchises in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact | Industry",
"text": "The original Star Wars trilogy is widely considered one of the best film trilogies in history."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "Three Star Wars tabletop role-playing games have been developed: a version by West End Games in the 1980s and 1990s, one by Wizards of the Coast in the 2000s, and one by Fantasy Flight Games in the 2010s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Together with the theatrical spin-off films Rogue One (2016) and Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018),"
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games",
"text": "The Star Wars franchise has spawned over one hundred computer, video, and board games, dating back to some of the earliest home consoles."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Audio | Soundtracks and singles",
"text": "Michael Giacchino composed the score of Rogue One."
},
{
"section_header": "Television",
"text": "After Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm, only the later one remained canon."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Audio | Radio",
"text": "Lucas, a fan of the NPR-affiliated campus radio station of his alma mater the University of Southern California, licensed the Star Wars radio rights to KUSC-FM for US$1."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games | LucasArts and modern self-published games (1993–2014)",
"text": "It was one of the best-selling video games of 1993 and established its own series of games."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Audio | Radio",
"text": "It was broadcast on National Public Radio in 1981, adapting the original 1977 film into 13 episodes."
}
] |
One of the adaptations of Star Wars aired on NPR.
| 0 | 0 |
Star Wars
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "It tells the story of Kovic's life growing up in Massapequa, New York, joining the United States Marine Corps right out of high school, going to Vietnam for two tours of duty, getting shot, finding himself paralyzed and in need of a wheelchair, and eventually starting a new life as a peace activist."
}
] |
CkRd7N4pFkRDqZ3fqwKU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Born on the Fourth of July was written in Santa Monica, California, during the fall of 1974 in exactly one month, three weeks and two days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born on the Fourth of July, published in 1976, is the best-selling autobiography by Ron Kovic, a paralyzed Vietnam War veteran who became an anti-war activist."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Born on the Fourth of July, and \"loved the book a whole lot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "However Springsteen in his autobiography and Broadway show"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kovic was born on July 4, 1946, and his book's ironic title echoed a famous line from George M. Cohan's patriotic 1904 song, \"The Yankee Doodle Boy\" (also known as \"Yankee Doodle Dandy\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Folk musician Tom Paxton adapted the book into a song of the same title on his 1977 album New Songs from the Briarpatch, and met Kovic backstage at the Bottom Line Club in New York City the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "It tells the story of Kovic's life growing up in Massapequa, New York, joining the United States Marine Corps right out of high school, going to Vietnam for two tours of duty, getting shot, finding himself paralyzed and in need of a wheelchair, and eventually starting a new life as a peace activist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was adapted into a 1989 Academy Award-winning film of the same name co-written by Oliver Stone and Ron Kovic, starring Tom Cruise as Kovic."
}
] |
Born on the Fourth of July was an autobiography written by a New Yorker.
| 0 | 0 |
Born on the Fourth of July
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The mutiny of the title is legalistic, not violent, and takes place during Typhoon Cobra, in December 1944."
}
] |
CkfuJyfJ3R7HOSFjxy2Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "This sequence of events and its resolution marks the climax and most thrilling portion of the novel, and it parallels Wouk's experiences as Executive Officer aboard the destroyer minesweeper USS Southard in Okinawa during Typhoon Ida in September of 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "After the novel's success, Wouk adapted the court-martial sequence into a full-length, two-act Broadway play, The Caine Mutiny Court Martial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The mutiny of the title is legalistic, not violent, and takes place during Typhoon Cobra, in December 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny is the 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Herman Wouk."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "Keefer reluctantly supports Maryk, then gets cold feet and backs out, warning Maryk that his actions will be seen as mutiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "Maryk turns Caine into the wind and rides out the storm."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "Soon afterward, the Caine is caught in a typhoon, an ordeal that sinks three destroyers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel grew out of Wouk's personal experiences aboard two destroyer-minesweepers in the Pacific Theater in World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "He calls Keefer, not Maryk, \"the true author of 'The Caine Mutiny'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The court-martial that results provides the dramatic climax to the plot."
}
] |
The Caine Mutiny novel was derived from the author's WWII experiences that influenced the novel's violent coup that occurs as the climax of the plot.
| 0 | 0 |
The Caine Mutiny
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852."
}
] |
Cl1iRH2FopEuzZEJtZda
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( VAHG-nər, German: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ] (listen); 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas ("
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Bayreuth (1871–1876)",
"text": "Amongst the disillusioned were Wagner's friend and disciple Friedrich Nietzsche, who, having published his eulogistic essay \"Richard Wagner in Bayreuth\" before the festival as part of his Untimely Meditations, was bitterly disappointed by what he saw as Wagner's pandering to increasingly exclusivist German nationalism; his breach with Wagner began at this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Influence on music",
"text": "Wilhelm Furtwängler felt that Wagner and Bülow, through their interpretative approach, inspired a whole new generation of conductors (including Furtwängler himself).Amongst those claiming inspiration from Wagner's music are the German band Rammstein, and the electronic composer Klaus Schulze,"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | In exile: Venice and Paris (1858–1862)",
"text": "It was during this visit that Wagner met the French poet Charles Baudelaire, who wrote an appreciative brochure, \"Richard Wagner et Tannhäuser à Paris\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Dresden (1842–1849)",
"text": "Wagner was active among socialist German nationalists there, regularly receiving such guests as the conductor and radical editor August Röckel and the Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Richard Wagner was born to an ethnic German family in Leipzig, who lived at No 3, the Brühl (The House of the Red and White Lions) in the Jewish quarter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Influence on music",
"text": "Gustav Mahler was devoted to Wagner and his music; aged 15, he sought him out on his 1875 visit to Vienna, became a renowned Wagner conductor, and his compositions are seen by Richard Taruskin as extending Wagner's \"maximalization\" of \"the temporal and the sonorous\" in music to the world of the symphony."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "Unlike most opera composers, who generally left the task of writing the libretto (the text and lyrics) to others, Wagner wrote his own libretti, which he referred to as \"poems\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Bayreuth Festival",
"text": "Since 1973, the festival has been overseen by the Richard-Wagner-Stiftung (Richard Wagner Foundation), the members of which include a number of Wagner's descendants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852."
}
] |
German composer and conductor Richard Wagner wrote essays.
| 0 | 0 |
Richard Wagner
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872) was United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869, and earlier served as governor of New York and as a United States Senator."
}
] |
Cl6S3dZ8RalXgv8tJeN0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Temple, William H. \"William H. Seward: Secretary of State March 5, 1861, to March 4, 1869 \" in Samuel Flagg Bemis, ed."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "pp 3–115. pp 3–115. Valone, Stephen J. (Fall 1995). \" \"Weakness offers temptation\": William H. Seward and the reassertion of the Monroe Doctrine\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Out of office",
"text": "Henry Wyatt, a white man, was charged with fatally stabbing a fellow inmate in prison; William Freeman, an African American, was accused of breaking into a house after his release and stabbing four people to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "William Henry Seward: Lincoln's Right Hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Crofts, Daniel S. (2000). \"Seward, William Henry\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hale, Edward Everett (1910). William Henry Seward."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "William Henry Seward. New York: Oxford University Press."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | First term",
"text": "William Seward was sworn in as senator from New York on March 5, 1849, during the brief special session called to confirm President Taylor's cabinet nominees."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Intensifying the Sectional Conflict: William Seward versus James Hammond in the Lecompton Debate of 1858\"."
},
{
"section_header": "1868 election, retirement and death",
"text": "he could not be there. William Seward rests with his wife Frances and daughter Fanny (1844–1866), in Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872) was United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869, and earlier served as governor of New York and as a United States Senator."
}
] |
William H. Seward was the President of Operations at the William Won Ka Factory and the creator of the orange jumpsuit for inmates.
| 0 | 0 |
William H. Seward
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ruins of Chichen Itza are federal property, and the site's stewardship is maintained by Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and History)."
}
] |
ClFYiieMiM16DRli4WQo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chichen Itza is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico with over 2.6 million tourists in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Chichen Itza is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico; in 2017 it was estimated to have received 2.1 million visitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chichen Itza was one of the largest Maya cities and it was likely to have been one of the mythical great cities, or Tollans, referred to in later Mesoamerican literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Chichen Itza is located in the eastern portion of Yucatán state in Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Casa Colorada Group",
"text": "In one chamber there are extensive carved hieroglyphs that mention rulers of Chichen Itza and possibly of the nearby city of Ek Balam, and contain a Maya date inscribed which correlates to 869 AD, one of the oldest such dates found in all of Chichen Itza."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Chichen Itza, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the second-most visited of Mexico's archaeological sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Temple of the Warriors",
"text": "The one at Chichen Itza, however, was constructed on a larger scale."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern history",
"text": "The book recounted Stephens' visit to Yucatán and his tour of Maya cities, including Chichén Itzá."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description",
"text": "Chichen Itza was one of the largest Maya cities, with the relatively densely clustered architecture of the site core covering an area of at least 5 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Central Group",
"text": "Las Monjas is one of the more notable structures at Chichen Itza."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ruins of Chichen Itza are federal property, and the site's stewardship is maintained by Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and History)."
}
] |
Chichen Itza is one of the most visited cities in Mexico.
| 2 | 6 |
Chichen Itza
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Suicide attempts",
"text": "More than 30 people have attempted suicide over the years by jumping from the upper parts of the building, with most attempts being successful."
}
] |
CmNgLUmVWeR7HPgIzg7m
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2010s",
"text": "By 2014, the building was owned by the Empire State Realty Trust (ESRT), with Anthony Malkin as chairman, CEO, and president."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980s and 1990s",
"text": "The Empire State Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places the following year due to its architectural significance."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance | Empire State Building Run-Up",
"text": "The race covers a vertical distance of 1,050 ft (320 m) and takes in 1,576 steps."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Profitability",
"text": "Over 3,000 people paid $10,000 for one share each in a company called Empire State Building Associates."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980s and 1990s",
"text": "May. This sparked a series of lawsuits and countersuits that lasted several years, partly arising from Trump's desire to obtain the building's master lease by taking it from Empire State Building Associates."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2010s",
"text": "On April 30, 2012, One World Trade Center topped out, taking the Empire State Building's record of tallest in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance | Empire State Building Run-Up",
"text": "The Empire State Building Run-Up, a foot race from ground level to the 86th-floor observation deck, has been held annually since 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Loss of \"tallest building\" title",
"text": "The Empire State's owners and real estate speculators were worried that the twin towers' 7.6 million square feet (710,000 m2) of office space would create a glut of rentable space in Manhattan as well as take away the Empire State Building's profits from lessees."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Additionally, the Empire State Building and its ground-floor interior were designated city landmarks by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1980, and were added to the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | 1945 plane crash",
"text": "Fourteen people were killed in the incident."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Suicide attempts",
"text": "More than 30 people have attempted suicide over the years by jumping from the upper parts of the building, with most attempts being successful."
}
] |
The Empire State Building is an infamous place for people taking their own lives.
| 0 | 0 |
Empire State Building
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Marriage and children",
"text": "She married fellow student Aaron Yalow, the son of a rabbi, in June 1943."
}
] |
CmnbtKmTiIqdSiD5fpJw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was born in the Bronx, New York, the daughter of Clara (née Zipper) and Simon Sussman, and was raised in a Jewish household."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "The month after graduating from Hunter College in January 1941, Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was offered a teaching assistantship in the physics department of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Marriage and children",
"text": "She married fellow student Aaron Yalow, the son of a rabbi, in June 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (July 19, 1921 – May 30, 2011) was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally) for development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "A fitting title for Rosalyn Yalow may well be \"the Mother of Endocrinology.\" Yalow was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to Portugal, which is an American scholarship program of competitive, merit-based grants that sponsor participants for exchanges in all areas of endeavor, including the sciences, business, academe, public service, government and the arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | College",
"text": "Yalow earned her Ph.D. in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Instead, Yalow decided to study physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "Yalow felt that other women in her field did not like her because of her ambition."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "Yalow also had a passion for the next generation of researchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "For years Yalow faced criticism from women at work"
}
] |
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow did not marry.
| 0 | 0 |
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A faithful and well-received television adaptation of the novel was produced in an 11-part miniseries by Granada Television in 1981."
}
] |
CmryR8j6wkdmUURuXcsr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a novel by English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The novel is divided into three parts, framed by a prologue and epilogue."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A faithful and well-received television adaptation of the novel was produced in an 11-part miniseries by Granada Television in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "References in other media",
"text": "Stoppard's phrase may have been inspired by the 1980s BBC comedy series Three of a Kind, starring Tracey Ullman, Lenny Henry and David Copperfield, which featured a recurring sketch entitled \"Brideshead Regurgitated\", with Henry in the role of Charles Ryder."
},
{
"section_header": "Waugh's statements about the novel",
"text": "In various letters, Waugh himself refers to the novel a number of times as his magnum opus; however, in 1950 he wrote to Graham Greene stating \"I re-read Brideshead Revisited and was appalled.\" In Waugh's preface to his revised edition of Brideshead (1959) the author explained the circumstances in which the novel was written, following a minor parachute accident in the six months between December 1943 and June 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Acclaim",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Brideshead Revisited No. 80 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Motifs | Charles and Sebastian's relationship",
"text": "He was the forerunner.\" Waugh wrote in 1947 that \"Charles's romantic affection for Sebastian is part due to the glitter of the new world Sebastian represents, part to the protective feeling of a strong towards a weak character, and part a foreshadowing of the love for Julia which is to be the consuming passion of his mature years.\" In the novel, Cara, Lord Marchmain's mistress, says to Charles that his romantic relationship with Sebastian forms part of a process of emotional development typical of \"the English and the Germans\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2008 Brideshead Revisited was developed into a feature film of the same title, with Emma Thompson as Lady Marchmain, Matthew Goode as Charles Ryder, and Ben Whishaw as Lord Sebastian Flyte."
},
{
"section_header": "References in other media",
"text": "In the early 1980s, following the release of the television series, the Australian Broadcasting Commission (from 1983, Australian Broadcasting Corporation) produced a radio show called Brunswick Heads Revisited."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1981 Brideshead Revisited was adapted as an 11-episode TV serial, produced by Granada Television and aired on ITV, starring Jeremy Irons as Charles Ryder and Anthony Andrews as Lord Sebastian Flyte."
}
] |
The novel Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder was turned into a three part miniseries in 1980.
| 0 | 0 |
Brideshead Revisited
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The first was L'Enfance du Christ in 1960 and the last the Requiem in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His output includes orchestral works such as the Symphonie fantastique and Harold in Italy, choral pieces including the Requiem and L'Enfance du Christ, his three operas Benvenuto Cellini, Les Troyens and Béatrice et Bénédict, and works of hybrid genres such as the \"dramatic symphony\" Roméo et Juliette and the \"dramatic legend\" La Damnation de Faust."
}
] |
CnOEdYeDbAIHOyJLHfBS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral",
"text": "Among the generation of French composers ahead of him, Cherubini, Méhul, Gossec and Berlioz's teacher Le Sueur all wrote for huge forces on occasion, and in the Requiem and to a lesser degree the Te Deum Berlioz follows them, in his own manner."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The first was L'Enfance du Christ in 1960 and the last the Requiem in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral",
"text": "The Requiem calls for sixteen timpani, quadruple woodwind and twelve horns, but the moments when the full orchestral sound is unleashed are few – the Dies irae is one such – and most of the Requiem is notable for its restraint."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1832–1840: Paris",
"text": "Berlioz secured a commission from the French government for his Requiem – the Grande messe des morts – first performed at Les Invalides in December 1837."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Changing reputation",
"text": "In recent decades Berlioz has been widely regarded as a great composer, prone to lapses like any other."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "The pedal point for trombones in the \"Hostias\" section of the Requiem is often cited; some musicians such as Gordon Jacob have found the effect unpleasant."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1824–1830: Conservatoire student",
"text": "In 1824 Berlioz composed a Messe solennelle."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Writers",
"text": "In the early 1950s the best-known Berlioz scholar was Jacques Barzun, a protégé of Wotton, and, like him, strongly hostile to many of Boschot's conclusions, which they saw as unfairly critical of the composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1840s: Struggling composer",
"text": "The Symphonie funèbre et triomphale, marking the tenth anniversary of the 1830 Revolution, was performed in the open air under the direction of the composer in July 1840."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1832–1840: Paris",
"text": "Neither work brought him much money or artistic fame at the time, but the Requiem held a special place in his affections: \"If I were threatened with the destruction of the whole of my works save one, I would crave mercy for the Messe des morts\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His output includes orchestral works such as the Symphonie fantastique and Harold in Italy, choral pieces including the Requiem and L'Enfance du Christ, his three operas Benvenuto Cellini, Les Troyens and Béatrice et Bénédict, and works of hybrid genres such as the \"dramatic symphony\" Roméo et Juliette and the \"dramatic legend\" La Damnation de Faust."
}
] |
Berlioz did not compose the Requiem.
| 0 | 1 |
Hector Berlioz
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "Tests carried out by Prof. Emanuel Vlček in the late 20th century on samples of muscular tissue from Smetana's exhumed body provided further evidence of the disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "However, this research has been challenged by Czech physician Dr Jiří Ramba, who has argued that Vlček's tests do not provide a basis for a reliable conclusion, citing the age and state of the tissues and highlighting reported symptoms of Smetana's that were incompatible with syphilis."
}
] |
Cne73qfmrbX5fWAsXQfe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bedřich Smetana ( BED-ər-zhikh SMET-ə-nə, Czech: [ˈbɛdr̝ɪx ˈsmɛtana] (listen); 2 March 1824 – 12 May 1884) was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his country's aspirations to independent statehood."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Years of travel | Bereavement, remarriage and return to Prague",
"text": "He was still hoping to secure a reputation as a pianist, but once again he experienced failure."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "However, Smetana's family believed that his physical and mental decline was due to syphilis."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "By the winter of 1882–83 he was experiencing depression, insomnia, and hallucinations, together with giddiness, cramp and a temporary loss of speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | National prominence | Opposition",
"text": "Smetana gradually brought more operas by emergent Czech composers to the theatre, but little of his own work."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "A permanent memorial to Smetana's life and work is the Bedřich Smetana Museum in Prague, founded in 1926 within the Charles University's Institute for Musicology."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Family background and childhood",
"text": "In 1831 the family moved to Jindřichův Hradec in the south of Bohemia—the region where, a generation later, Gustav Mahler grew up."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Family background and childhood",
"text": "Bedřich was introduced to music by his father and in October 1830, at the age of six, gave his first public performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Family background and childhood",
"text": "Bedřich Smetana, first named Friedrich Smetana, was born on 2 March 1824, in Litomyšl (German: Leitomischl), east of Prague near the traditional border between Bohemia and Moravia, then provinces of the Habsburg Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After failing to establish his career in Prague, he left for Sweden, where he set up as a teacher and choirmaster in Gothenburg, and began to write large-scale orchestral works."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "Tests carried out by Prof. Emanuel Vlček in the late 20th century on samples of muscular tissue from Smetana's exhumed body provided further evidence of the disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "However, this research has been challenged by Czech physician Dr Jiří Ramba, who has argued that Vlček's tests do not provide a basis for a reliable conclusion, citing the age and state of the tissues and highlighting reported symptoms of Smetana's that were incompatible with syphilis."
}
] |
Whether or not the Czech composer Bedřich Smetana expired due to age-based loss of faculties or an STD is still up for debate.
| 0 | 0 |
Bedřich Smetana
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "During the investigation, the government found that the company had given shares to more than 30 representatives of both parties, including James A. Garfield, Colfax, Patterson, and Wilson."
}
] |
CoD6brBA5dqy8RMPRmoF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The scandal negatively affected the careers of many politicians and nearly bankrupted Union Pacific."
},
{
"section_header": "Transgression",
"text": "After the revelations, the Union Pacific and other investors were left nearly bankrupt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crédit Mobilier scandal of 1867, which came to public attention in 1872, was a two-part fraud by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "The Republicans had already replaced Colfax on the ticket, and after leaving office he abstained from further involvement in politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "During the investigation, the government found that the company had given shares to more than 30 representatives of both parties, including James A. Garfield, Colfax, Patterson, and Wilson."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "In 1867, Congressman Oakes Ames distributed cash bribes and discounted shares of Crédit Mobilier stock to fellow congressmen and other politicians in exchange for votes and actions favorable to the Union Pacific."
},
{
"section_header": "Transgression",
"text": "In 1867, Crédit Mobilier replaced Thomas Durant as its head with the Congressman Oakes Ames."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme",
"text": "The creation of Crédit Mobilier of America was a deliberate attempt to present, falsely, both to the government of the United States and to the general public the appearance that a corporate enterprise, independent of the Union Pacific Rail Road and its principal officers, had been impartially chosen by the Union Pacific Railroad's officers and directors to be the principal construction contractor and construction management firm for the Union Pacific Rail Road project."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "In simplified terms, the Crédit Mobilier scheme worked in the following manner: The Union Pacific made contracts with Crédit Mobilier to build the Union Pacific railway at rates significantly above cost."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "Bayard appeared to have been included as a way to make it appear that the scandal did not involve only Republicans; he wrote a letter disavowing any knowledge of the affair, and his name was generally dropped from the investigation."
}
] |
The 1867 Crédit Mobilier scandal nearly bankrupted Union Pacific and involved both political parties.
| 3 | 6 |
Credit Mobilier of America scandal
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a captain in the United States Army he supported a military invasion of Mexico in 1916 as a means of ending Pancho Villa's raids."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "As a member of the Republican Party, Fall was elected as one of the first U.S. Senators from New Mexico in the year 1912."
}
] |
ComC6q99F0n32w8aqBUO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "However, while in the Senate he had become close friends with the people who would later make up the infamous Ohio Gang, which secured him a cabinet position in March 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "This came to a head when, under Senate rules, Fall's term was over in March 1913, so his name was again up before the legislature for re-election."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a captain in the United States Army he supported a military invasion of Mexico in 1916 as a means of ending Pancho Villa's raids."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Albert Jennings Fountain murder case",
"text": "Fall and his neighbor, Oliver M. Lee, were land owners in the area and were rivals to attorney Albert Jennings Fountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During the Spanish–American War, Fall served as captain of an infantry company."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "In the Senate, Fall served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor, was noted for his support of the suffrage movement and his extreme isolationist tendencies when the U.S. entered World War I. As a leading antagonist to Democratic President Woodrow Wilson, Fall was permitted to visit the stricken President in his White House bedroom in October 1919, hoping to gauge whether the Chief Executive was well enough to remain in office."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "It was widely known that he made a political alliance with Thomas B. Catron, the man who served alongside him, to ensure that both would be elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "\"I have been praying for you, Sir,\" Fall sought to offer sincerely. \" Which way, Senator?"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Fall served on the Territorial Council again from 1896 to 1897, and as the territory's attorney general in 1897."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "As a member of the Republican Party, Fall was elected as one of the first U.S. Senators from New Mexico in the year 1912."
}
] |
Albert Fall served in the army before becoming a U.S. Senator.
| 0 | 0 |
Albert B. Fall
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the third installment of the Star Wars sequel trilogy, following The Force Awakens (2015) and The Last Jedi (2017), and the final episode of the nine-part \"Skywalker saga."
}
] |
CpCV6RmQgGTcnBHVZe7e
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film's ensemble cast includes Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamill, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Anthony Daniels, Naomi Ackie, Domhnall Gleeson, Richard E. Grant, Lupita Nyong'o, Keri Russell, Joonas Suotamo, Kelly Marie Tran, Ian McDiarmid, and Billy Dee Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Domhnall Gleeson as General Hux, the First Order's second-in-command Richard E. Grant as Allegiant General Pryde, a high-ranking general in the First Order, who previously served in the Galactic Empire Lupita Nyong'o as Maz Kanata, a former space pirate and ally of the Resistance Keri Russell as Zorii Bliss, an old acquaintance of Poe's from Kijimi Joonas Suotamo as Chewbacca, a Wookiee and first mate of the Millennium Falcon and longtime friend of Han Solo."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Kelly Marie Tran as Rose Tico, a mechanic in the Resistance and friend of Finn Ian McDiarmid as Palpatine, the resurrected Dark Lord of the Sith and Rey's paternal grandfather"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the third installment of the Star Wars sequel trilogy, following The Force Awakens (2015) and The Last Jedi (2017), and the final episode of the nine-part \"Skywalker saga."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Kelly Marie Tran had around ten minutes of screen-time in The Last Jedi, she appears for about a minute in The Rise of Skywalker."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "In July 2018, Keri Russell was in talks to play a part with some \"action-heavy fight scenes\", and it was confirmed that Billy Dee Williams would return as Lando Calrissian, onscreen for the first time since 1983's Return of the Jedi—marking one of the longest intervals between portrayals of a character by the same actor in American film history."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Cailey Fleming and Josefine Irrera Jackson as Young Rey John Boyega as Finn, a member of the Resistance and a former stormtrooper (FN-2187) who defected from the First Order Oscar Isaac as Poe Dameron, a high-ranking X-wing fighter pilot and commander of the Resistance who later inherits the rank of General from Leia Anthony Daniels as C-3PO, a humanoid protocol droid in the service of General Leia Organa."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": ", it was revealed via the film's teaser trailer that Ian McDiarmid would return to portray Palpatine."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Daisy Ridley as Rey a former scavenger from Jakku, member of the Resistance, the last Jedi, apprentice of the Skywalkers, and granddaughter of Palpatine."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Screenwriter Chris Terrio said Tran had reduced screen-time because of the difficulty of including the late Carrie Fisher in scenes planned to feature both characters."
}
] |
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker is the eighth movie in the nine part saga and the film's ensemble cast includes Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamill, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Anthony Daniels, Naomi Ackie, Domhnall Gleeson, Richard E. Grant, Lupita Nyong'o, Keri Russell, Joonas Suotamo, Kelly Marie Tran, Ian McDiarmid, and Billy Dee Williams..
| 0 | 0 |
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final season began airing on October 21, 2016, and ended March 10, 2017."
}
] |
CpDMctkPCzcm2RHo5aev
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural teen drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "\"Rank\" refers to how The Vampire Diaries rated compared to the other television series, which aired during prime time hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "He establishes a boarding school with Caroline for supernatural teens at the end of the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The television series The Originals, which also aired on The CW, was the first major entry in this collection of connected works."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final season began airing on October 21, 2016, and ended March 10, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The final season began airing on October 21, 2016 and ended March 10, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \"as with several other shows that focus on the supernatural,\" The Vampire Diaries was \"slightly more popular outside of cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "but after becoming a vampire in the second season becomes more caring and sympathetic."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview",
"text": "\" They guard the town mainly from vampires and other supernatural threats such as werewolves, witches, hybrids, and ghosts."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-off",
"text": "To date, The Originals: The Awakening is the only web series in The Vampire Diaries universe."
}
] |
The Vampire Diaries, an American supernatural teen drama television series, has one more season remaining that is scheduled to air in October.
| 0 | 3 |
The Vampire Diaries
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His rejection of Christianity, and his promotion of Neoplatonic Hellenism in its place, caused him to be remembered as Julian the Apostate by the Christian Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Restoration of state Paganism",
"text": "Since the persecution of Christians by past Roman Emperors had seemingly only strengthened Christianity, many of Julian's actions were designed to harass Christians and undermine their ability to organize resistance to the re-establishment of paganism in the empire."
}
] |
CpFhWHJZeWW5J83Me5rm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Persian campaign | Death",
"text": "Julian was succeeded by the short-lived Emperor Jovian who reestablished Christianity's privileged position throughout the Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Restoration of state Paganism | Charity",
"text": "The fact that Christian charities were open to all, including pagans, put this aspect of Roman citizens' lives out of the control of Imperial authority and under that of the Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Clash with the Antiochenes",
"text": "There he blames the people of Antioch for preferring that their ruler have his virtues in the face rather than in the soul."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Restoration of state Paganism | Juventinus and Maximus",
"text": "According to John, the emperor had made a deliberate effort to avoid creating martyrs of those who disagreed with his reforms; but Juventinus and Maximinus admitted to being Christians, and refused to moderate their stance."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Restoration of state Paganism",
"text": "This edict proclaimed that all the religions were equal before the law, and that the Roman Empire had to return to its original religious eclecticism, according to which the Roman state did not impose any religion on its provinces."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Clash with the Antiochenes",
"text": "Then landholders refused to sell theirs, claiming that the harvest was so bad that they had to be compensated with fair prices."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Clash with the Antiochenes",
"text": "He also shut up the chief Christian church of the city, before the investigations proved that the fire was the result of an accident."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Restoration of state Paganism",
"text": "Since the persecution of Christians by past Roman Emperors had seemingly only strengthened Christianity, many of Julian's actions were designed to harass Christians and undermine their ability to organize resistance to the re-establishment of paganism in the empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Constantius II, Constans I, and Constantine II were proclaimed joint emperors, each ruling a portion of Roman territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Problems regarding authenticity",
"text": "Which works can be ascribed to Julian is thus very much up to debate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His rejection of Christianity, and his promotion of Neoplatonic Hellenism in its place, caused him to be remembered as Julian the Apostate by the Christian Church."
}
] |
Julian the Roman emperor grew up a christian and lived his life according to their virtues.
| 0 | 0 |
Julian (emperor)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Again on August 23, 1915, Torriente kicked Umpire Kelly after Kelly called him out when Torriente attempted to steal third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "A fight with Crawford during the game spilled out onto the street after the game, and the two men attacked each other with paving stones left out when street workers were repairing a water main."
}
] |
CpN9lvhePKDVfMkhdajV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Torriente would play several years for both teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cristóbal Torriente (November 16, 1893 – April 11, 1938) was a Cuban outfielder in Negro league baseball with the Cuban Stars, All Nations, Chicago American Giants, Kansas City Monarchs and Detroit Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Torriente played on the great Chicago American Giants teams of 1918–1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played from 1912 to 1932. Torriente was elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Torriente played much of the summer of 1915 and 1916 for the \"Western\" Cuban Stars team until an argument arose with the St. Louis manager in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban League career",
"text": "A native of Cienfuegos, Cuba, Torriente played in his homeland from 1913–1927 and holds the record for the highest career batting average in Cuban winter league history (.352)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban League career",
"text": "In 1920, his team, Almendares, played a nine-game series against the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "He tracked down former teammate and friend José Méndez and was hired by J. L. Wilkinson to play for his All Nations just before a big series with C. I. Taylor's Indianapolis ABCs and Rube Foster's Chicago American Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban League career",
"text": "Torriente outhit Ruth in most categories and Almendares"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Again on August 23, 1915, Torriente kicked Umpire Kelly after Kelly called him out when Torriente attempted to steal third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "A fight with Crawford during the game spilled out onto the street after the game, and the two men attacked each other with paving stones left out when street workers were repairing a water main."
}
] |
Cristóbal Torriente made a habit of playing fair and being kind to his peers.
| 0 | 0 |
Cristóbal Torriente
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first novel in the Harry Potter series and Rowling's debut novel"
}
] |
CpQzs8sheWEn27a2lyIa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, along with the rest of the Harry Potter series, has been attacked by some religious groups and banned in some countries because of accusations that the novels promote witchcraft under the guise of a heroic, moral story."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Uses in education and business",
"text": "Stephen Brown noted that the early Harry Potter books, especially Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, were a runaway success despite inadequate and poorly organised marketing."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Film version",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released in London on 14 November 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first novel in the Harry Potter series and Rowling's debut novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Development, publication and reception | Publication and reception in the United Kingdom",
"text": "She described Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone as \"a hugely entertaining thriller\" and Rowling as \"a first-rate writer for children\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Illustrated version",
"text": "An illustrated version of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released on October 6, 2015, with illustrations by Jim Kay."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the longest book in the series at 766 pages in the UK version and 870 pages in the US version."
},
{
"section_header": "Development, publication and reception | Publication and reception in the United Kingdom",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone won two publishing industry awards given for sales rather than literary merit, the British Book Awards Children's Book of the Year and the Booksellers' Association / Bookseller Author of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Development, publication and reception | U.S. publication and reception",
"text": "While Rowling accepted the change from both the British English \"mum\" and Seamus Finnigan's Irish variant \"mam\" to \"mom\" in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, she vetoed this change in the later books, which was then reversed in later editions of Philosopher's Stone."
}
] |
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is the 1st book of the Harry Potter series.
| 3 | 5 |
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "Immediately after graduating from the University of Oregon, Knight enlisted in the army and served one year on active duty and seven years in the Army Reserve."
}
] |
Cpcf5QjEn3VbBMz6sVDy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Controversy",
"text": "On February 16, 2001, the Oregon University System enacted a mandate that all institutions within the system choose business partners from a politically neutral standpoint, barring all universities in Oregon from joining either the WRC or the FLA."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Knight is a graduate of the University of Oregon and Stanford Graduate School of Business."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Phil Knight serves as Chairman."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks",
"text": "In October 2016, Knight and his wife invested $500 million to build a new campus dedicated to science, called the Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Phil Knight was born in Portland, Oregon to Bill Knight, a lawyer turned newspaper publisher, and his wife, Lota (Hatfield) Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Post-Nike CEO role",
"text": "In September 2017, Knight decided to come out of retirement to put black back in the UNC jerseys for the Phil Knight Classic in Portland, Oregon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "Immediately after graduating from the University of Oregon, Knight enlisted in the army and served one year on active duty and seven years in the Army Reserve."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Controversy",
"text": "He attended but did not graduate from UO, as he left the school with several credit hours still owing."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Stanford University",
"text": "In 2016, it was announced that Knight contributed $400 million to start the Knight-Hennessy Scholars graduate-level education program inspired by the Rhodes Scholarship."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Stanford University",
"text": "Graduates are charged to tackle global challenges, such as climate change and poverty."
}
] |
After he graduated from the University of Oregon, Phil Knight joined the military.
| 0 | 0 |
Phil Knight
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adobe Inc. ( ə-DOH-bee), is an American multinational computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, and incorporated in Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name of the company, Adobe, comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house."
}
] |
Cpidejrjj68sZUhJEkcy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "That creek is so named because of the type of clay found there, which alludes to the creative nature of the company's software."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name of the company, Adobe, comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In October 2018, Adobe officially changed its name from Adobe Systems Incorporated to Adobe Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In October 2008, Adobe Systems Canada Inc. was named one of \"Canada's Top 100 Employers\" by Mediacorp Canada Inc. and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the same year, Adobe acquired LaserTools Corp and Compution Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Inc. In 1994, Adobe acquired Aldus and added PageMaker and After Effects to its product line later in the year; it also controls the TIFF file format."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Security",
"text": "Observers noted that Adobe was spying on its customers by including spyware in the Creative Suite 3 software and quietly sending user data to a firm named Omniture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adobe Inc. ( ə-DOH-bee), is an American multinational computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, and incorporated in Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In July 2010, Adobe bought Day Software integrating their line of CQ Products: WCM, DAM, SOCO, and MobileIn January 2011, Adobe acquired DemDex, Inc. with the intent of adding DemDex's audience-optimization software to its online marketing suite."
},
{
"section_header": "Products",
"text": "Graphic design software Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Pagemaker, Adobe Lightroom, Adobe InDesign, Adobe InCopy, Adobe ImageReady, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Freehand, Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe Fireworks, Adobe Acrobat, Adobe XD"
}
] |
Adobe Inc. was named after a creek.
| 0 | 0 |
Adobe Inc.
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Picture Show is a 1971 American drama film directed and co-written by Peter Bogdanovich, adapted from a semi-autobiographical 1966 novel The Last Picture Show by Larry McMurtry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1951 Sonny Crawford and Duane Jackson are high-school seniors and friends in Anarene, Texas, a small declining northern Texas town."
}
] |
Cpzxg0OadRGXqQsBRW7y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film features many songs of Hank Williams Sr. and other recording artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Picture Show is a 1971 American drama film directed and co-written by Peter Bogdanovich, adapted from a semi-autobiographical 1966 novel The Last Picture Show by Larry McMurtry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He and Sonny are among the meager group attending the final screening at the movie house, which is closing that day (the \"last picture show\" is Red River, a western set in Texas starring John Wayne)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "The only hope is in transgression.\" Vincent Canby of The New York Times called it a \"lovely film\" that \"rediscovers a time, a place, a film form—and a small but important part of the American experience.\" Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film four stars out of four and wrote, \" Like few films in recent years, Peter Bogdanovich's 'The Last Picture Show' ends with us wanting to see more of the people who occupy the small town world that is Anarene,"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1951 Sonny Crawford and Duane Jackson are high-school seniors and friends in Anarene, Texas, a small declining northern Texas town."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Red River, significantly, is the movie, indeed the last picture show, that Sonny and Duane watch at the end of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The film was shot in Larry McMurtry's small hometown of Archer City located in northern Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in a small town in north Texas from November 1951 to October 1952, it is about the coming of age of Sonny Crawford (Timothy Bottoms) and his friend Duane Jackson (Jeff Bridges)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In April 2011, The Last Picture Show was re-released in UK and Irish cinemas, distributed by Park Circus."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "\"Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars in his original review and named it the best film of 1971."
}
] |
The 1971 film The Last Picture Show is about small town Texas and stars songs by Hank Williams Sr.
| 0 | 0 |
The Last Picture Show
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The colony remained under Portuguese rule until 1999, when it was transferred to China."
}
] |
CqSQ9LMJf8zAcupzVtUZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "All travellers between Macau and China and Hong Kong must pass border controls, regardless of nationality."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Chinese citizens resident in mainland China do not have the right of abode in Macau and are subject to immigration controls."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Healthcare",
"text": "The Macau Centre for Disease Control and Prevention was established in 2001, which monitors the operation of hospitals, health centres, and the blood transfusion centre in Macau."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Portugal lost full control over the colony afterwards, and agreed to cooperate with the communist authorities in exchange for continued administration of Macau."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Macau was at the peak of its prosperity as a major entrepôt during the late 16th century, providing a crucial connection in exporting Chinese silk to Japan during the Nanban trade period."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The Lunar Chinese New Year is the most important traditional festival and celebration normally takes place in late January or early February."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The territory also has control over part of an artificial island to maintain a border checkpoint for the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Dragon Boat Festival is brought into play on Nam Van Lake in June and Hungry Ghosts' festival, in late August and/or early September every year."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Economic growth has been attributed in large part to the high number of mainlander visits to Macau, and the central government exercises a role in guiding casino business growth through its control of the flow of tourists."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It was administratively part of Dongguan Prefecture in the Jin dynasty (265–420 AD), and alternated under the control of Nanhai and Dongguan in later dynasties."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The colony remained under Portuguese rule until 1999, when it was transferred to China."
}
] |
Macau was controlled by the Spanish till the late 1990's.
| 1 | 1 |
Macau
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "German is the official and predominant spoken language in Berlin."
}
] |
CqcQtPwOUQ3KOVqeilIU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Snowfall mainly occurs from December through March."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Capital city",
"text": "The President of Germany, whose functions are mainly ceremonial under the German constitution, has their official residence in Bellevue Palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Nationalities",
"text": "Today ethnic Germans from countries of the former Soviet Union make up the largest portion of the Russian-speaking community."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "The dialect is now seen more as a sociolect, largely through increased immigration and trends among the educated population to speak standard German in everyday life."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "The John F. Kennedy School, a bilingual German–American public school in Zehlendorf, is particularly popular with children of diplomats and the English-speaking expatriate community."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Topography",
"text": "Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat topography, part of the vast Northern European Plain which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Twin towns – sister cities",
"text": "Berlin's official sister cities are: Apart from sister cities, there are also several city and district partnerships that Berlin districts have established."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Twin towns – sister cities",
"text": "Town twinning between Berlin and other cities began with its sister city Los Angeles in 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Twin towns – sister cities",
"text": "Berlin maintains official partnerships with 17 cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "By classification of Wincenty Okołowicz has a warm-temperate climate in the center of continental Europe with the \"fusion\" of different features (although being influenced mainly by western standards, which best describes at macro-regional levels)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "German is the official and predominant spoken language in Berlin."
}
] |
The city of Berlin mainly speaks Dutch.
| 0 | 0 |
Berlin
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "After hours, he played bat-and-ball games in the streets of Manhattan with volunteer firefighters."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "Cartwright served as fire chief of Honolulu from 1850 through June 30, 1863."
}
] |
CqyOIpjDhPi96OTr2HAe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jay Martin's Live All You Can: Alexander Joy Cartwright & the Invention of Modern Baseball supports Cartwright as the inventor of baseball, while Alexander Cartwright: The Life Behind the Baseball Legend by"
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "In Hawaii, sons Bruce Cartwright (1853–1919) and Alexander Joy Cartwright III (1855–1921) were born."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "Alexander Jr. had six siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "Cartwright was born in 1820 to Alexander Cartwright Sr. (1784–1855), a merchant sea captain, and Esther Rebecca Burlock Cartwright (1792–1871)."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "One of the leaders of the overthrow movement was Lorrin A. Thurston, who played baseball with classmate Alexander Cartwright III at Punahou School."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr. (April 17, 1820 – July 12, 1892) was a founding member of the New York Knickerbockers Base Ball Club in the 1840s."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "Cartwright was buried in Oahu Cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Cartwright was the subject of a 1973 biography, The Man"
},
{
"section_header": "1857 Laws of Base Ball",
"text": "Cartwright was not a participant at the 1857 meeting, as he was living in Hawaii."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1938, Makiki Field in Honolulu was renamed Cartwright Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "After hours, he played bat-and-ball games in the streets of Manhattan with volunteer firefighters."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "Cartwright served as fire chief of Honolulu from 1850 through June 30, 1863."
}
] |
Alexander Cartwright was a fireman.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander Cartwright
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks."
}
] |
Cr8xgHgXGmB6x9VHmccz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "He eventually won through, and the Allied navy remained off the coast of Salamis."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "At the ensuing Battle of Marathon, the Athenians won a remarkable victory, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Persian army to Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "There, at the Battle of Plataea, the Greek army won a decisive victory, destroying much of the Persian army and ending the invasion of Greece; whilst at the near-simultaneous Battle of Mycale the Allied fleet destroyed much of the remaining Persian fleet."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "It is also worth mentioning that the celebrated blossoming of hugely influential Athenian culture occurred only after the Persian wars were won."
},
{
"section_header": "The opposing forces | The Greek fleet",
"text": "According to Herodotus, two more ships defected from the Persians to the Greeks, one before Artemisium and one before Salamis, so the total complement at Salamis would have been 373 (or 380).According to the Athenian playwright Aeschylus, who actually fought at Salamis, the Greek fleet numbered 310 triremes (the difference being the number of Athenian ships)."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle",
"text": "The actual battle of Salamis is not well described by the ancient sources, and it is unlikely that anyone (other than perhaps Xerxes) involved in the battle had a clear idea what was happening across the width of the straits."
},
{
"section_header": "Anchorage discovery",
"text": "On March 17, 2017, archaeologists announced that they had uncovered the partially submerged remains of the anchorage used by the Greek warships prior to the Battle of Salamis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These battles of Salamis and Plataea thus mark a turning point in the course of the Greco-Persian wars as a whole; from then onward, the Greek poleis would take the offensive."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations",
"text": "Salamis was, for the Persians, an unnecessary battle and a strategic mistake."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations",
"text": "Therefore, by rowing into the Straits of Salamis to attack the Greeks, the Persians were playing into the Allies' hands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks."
}
] |
Battle of Salamis was won by the Greeks.
| 0 | 2 |
Battle of Salamis
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Transmission strategies",
"text": "Parasites use a variety of methods to infect animal hosts, including physical contact, the fecal–oral route, free-living infectious stages, and vectors, suiting their differing hosts, life cycles, and ecological contexts."
}
] |
CrCfvGtUq4oJyei2W81h
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomic range | Fungi",
"text": "For example, the honey fungi in the genus Armillaria grow in the roots of a wide variety of trees, and eventually kill them."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Basic concepts",
"text": "Taxonomists classify parasites in a variety of overlapping schemes, based on their interactions with their hosts and on their life-cycles, which are sometimes very complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Transmission strategies",
"text": "Parasites use a variety of methods to infect animal hosts, including physical contact, the fecal–oral route, free-living infectious stages, and vectors, suiting their differing hosts, life cycles, and ecological contexts."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomic range | Bacteria",
"text": "Parasitic bacteria are extremely diverse, and infect their hosts by a variety of routes."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomic range | Animals",
"text": "Parasitism is widespread in the animal kingdom, and has evolved independently from free-living forms hundreds of times."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Modifying host behaviour",
"text": "Some parasites modify host behaviour in order to increase their transmission between hosts, often in relation to predator and prey (parasite increased trophic transmission)."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Host defences",
"text": "Hosts have evolved a variety of defensive measures against their parasites, including physical barriers like the skin of vertebrates, the immune system of mammals, insects actively removing parasites, and defensive chemicals in plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Major strategies | Parasitoids",
"text": "The immobilised prey is then carried to a nest, sometimes alongside other prey if it is not large enough to support a parasitoid throughout its development."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Basic concepts",
"text": "An obligate parasite depends completely on the host to complete its life cycle, while a facultative parasite does not."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Major strategies | Parasitoids",
"text": "An egg is laid on top of the prey, and the nest is then sealed."
}
] |
Parasites prey upon a variety of hosts across all the kingdoms of the tree of life.
| 1 | 6 |
Parasite
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryne Dee Sandberg (born September 18, 1959), nicknamed \"Ryno\", is an American former professional baseball player, coach, and manager."
}
] |
CrvNjxehhR0LIaMbLMSm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs",
"text": "The Cubs, who initially wanted Sandberg to play center field, installed him as their third baseman, and he went on to be one of the top-rated rookies of 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs | 1990",
"text": "Sandberg was only the third second baseman to hit 40 home runs; Rogers Hornsby and Davey Johnson hit 42, and no American League second baseman had reached forty until Brian Dozier in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a second baseman for the Philadelphia Phillies and Chicago Cubs for 16 years (1981–94, 1996–97)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was named for relief pitcher Ryne Duren."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs | 1984 | \"The Sandberg Game\"",
"text": "The Cubs went on to win in the 11th inning, with the winning run being driven in by a single off the bat of Dave Owen."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs | 1996–1997",
"text": "Sandberg returned to the Chicago Cubs for the 1996 and 1997 seasons, then retired with a career batting average of .285, and a record 277 home runs as a second baseman; this record was surpassed in 2004 by Jeff Kent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The school's baseball field was named in his honor in 1985 as \"Ryne Sandberg Field\", and his varsity number was retired in both football and baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Ryne's nephew, Jared Sandberg, was a third baseman for the Tampa Bay Rays from 2001–2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryne Dee Sandberg (born September 18, 1959), nicknamed \"Ryno\", is an American former professional baseball player, coach, and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs | 1984 | \"The Sandberg Game\"",
"text": "As for Sandberg, he had played two full seasons in the major leagues, and while he had shown himself to be a top-fielding second baseman and fast on the basepaths (over 30 stolen bases both seasons), his .260-ish batting average and single-digit home run production were respectable for his position but not especially noteworthy, and Sandberg was not talked about outside Chicago."
}
] |
Ryne Sandberg was a second baseman and went by as Ren.
| 0 | 0 |
Ryne Sandberg
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The use of wool (keratin), cotton and linen fibres (cellulose) for garments, paper reed (cellulose) for paper are just a few examples of how our ancestors exploited polymer-containing raw materials to obtain artefacts."
},
{
"section_header": "Synthesis | Modification of natural polymers",
"text": "Naturally occurring polymers such as cotton, starch, and rubber were familiar materials for years before synthetic polymers such as polyethene and perspex appeared on the market."
}
] |
CtH5ZxFmlDnmABxlzKpL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Common examples",
"text": "Natural polymeric materials such as hemp, shellac, amber, wool, silk, and natural rubber have been used for centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Synthesis | Modification of natural polymers",
"text": "Naturally occurring polymers such as cotton, starch, and rubber were familiar materials for years before synthetic polymers such as polyethene and perspex appeared on the market."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The use of wool (keratin), cotton and linen fibres (cellulose) for garments, paper reed (cellulose) for paper are just a few examples of how our ancestors exploited polymer-containing raw materials to obtain artefacts."
},
{
"section_header": "Synthesis | Modification of natural polymers",
"text": "Prominent examples include the reaction of nitric acid and cellulose to form nitrocellulose and the formation of vulcanized rubber by heating natural rubber in the presence of sulfur."
},
{
"section_header": "Common examples",
"text": "The list of synthetic polymers, roughly in order of worldwide demand, includes polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, synthetic rubber, phenol formaldehyde resin (or Bakelite), neoprene, nylon, polyacrylonitrile, PVB, silicone, and many more."
},
{
"section_header": "Common examples",
"text": "Many other structures do exist; for example, elements such as silicon form familiar materials such as silicones, examples being Silly Putty and waterproof plumbing sealant."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Polyisoprene of latex rubber is an example of a natural polymer, and the polystyrene of styrofoam is an example of a synthetic polymer."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Phase behavior | Mixing behavior",
"text": "In general, polymeric mixtures are far less miscible than mixtures of small molecule materials."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Mechanical properties | Tensile strength",
"text": "For example, a rubber band with a higher tensile strength will hold a greater weight before snapping."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Microstructure | Polymer architecture",
"text": "A variety of techniques may be employed for the synthesis of a polymeric material with a range of architectures, for example living polymerization."
}
] |
Cotton, starch, rubber, hemp, and silk nylon are unnatural prominent examples of polymer materials exploited by all generations.
| 0 | 0 |
Polymer
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origins | The need for roads",
"text": "The Appian Way was a Roman road used as a main route for military supplies since its construction for that purpose in 312 BC.The Appian Way was the first long road built specifically to transport troops outside the smaller region of greater Rome (this was essential to the Romans)."
}
] |
CtJLGwD983dDR9sXCo3O
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Between Rome and Lake Albano",
"text": "The materials were volcanic rock."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | The need for roads",
"text": "The Appian Way was a Roman road used as a main route for military supplies since its construction for that purpose in 312 BC.The Appian Way was the first long road built specifically to transport troops outside the smaller region of greater Rome (this was essential to the Romans)."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road",
"text": "The main part of the Appian Way was started and finished in 312 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "The old Appian Way close to Rome is now a free tourist attraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "A new Appian Way was built in parallel with the old one in 1784 as far as the Alban Hills region."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Della Portella, Ivana. Della Portella, Ivana. 2004. The Appian Way: From Its Foundation to the Middle Ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Apulia and Calabria | Rediscovery",
"text": "However, the toponym Murgia Catena defined too large an area, so that it didn't allow a clear localization of the Appian Way station."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"the Appian Way the queen of the long roads\" The road is named after Appius Claudius Caecus, the Roman censor who began and completed the first section as a military road to the south in 312 BC during the Samnite Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: Via Appia) is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "The construction of Rome's ring road, the Grande Raccordo Anulare or GRA, in 1951 caused the Appian Way to be cut in two."
}
] |
The orginal use of the Appian Way was to carry war materials.
| 1 | 2 |
Appian Way
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Anthony C. Yu states that the identity of the author, as with so many other major works of Chinese fiction, \"remains unclear\" but that Wu remains \"the most likely\" author."
}
] |
CuIyl4BiBjVrJ1D6DmCG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; pinyin: Xī Yóu Jì) is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty and attributed to Wu Cheng'en."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "W.J.F. Jenner points out that although Wu had knowledge of Chinese bureaucracy and politics, the novel itself does not include any political details that \"a fairly well-read commoner could not have known\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "What the gazetteer says is that Wu wrote something called The Journey to the West."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Hu Shih, literary scholar and former Ambassador to the United States, wrote that the people of Wu's hometown attributed it early on to Wu, and kept records to that effect as early as 1625; thus, claimed Ambassador Hu, Journey to the West was one of the earliest Chinese novels for which the authorship is officially documented."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Journey to the West was thought to have been written and published anonymously by Wu Cheng'en in the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "It mentions nothing about a novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "In 1997, Brooklyn-based jazz composer Fred Ho premiered his jazz opera Journey To The East, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, which he developed into what he described as a \"serial fantasy action-adventure music/theater epic,” Journey Beyond the West: The New Adventures of Monkey based upon Wu Cheng’en's 16th-century novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The novel Journey to the West was based on historical events."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Anthony C. Yu states that the identity of the author, as with so many other major works of Chinese fiction, \"remains unclear\" but that Wu remains \"the most likely\" author."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature."
}
] |
The writer of the novel is uncertain but mostly likely Wu.
| 3 | 5 |
Journey to the West
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace",
"text": "The European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since at least forty thousand years ago, and is known to have been in the Neolithic era by about 6000 BC.Göbekli Tepe is the site of the oldest known man-made religious structure, a temple dating to circa 10,000 BC, while Çatalhöyük is a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC."
}
] |
CuZaInPHlCcrvfVtQX7p
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Turkey is home to two of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the world's oldest religious site Göbekli Tepe, and numerous other World Heritage Sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Today, EU membership is considered as a state policy and a strategic target by Turkey."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace",
"text": "The Anatolian peninsula, comprising most of modern Turkey, is one of the oldest permanently settled regions in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Turkey has 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as the \"Historic Areas of Istanbul\", the \"Rock Sites of Cappadocia\", the \"Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük\", \"Hattusa: the Hittite Capital\", the \"Archaeological Site of Troy\", \" Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape\", \"Hierapolis – Pamukkale\", and \"Mount Nemrut\"; and 51 World Heritage Sites in tentative list, such as the archaeological sites or historic urban centres of Göbekli Tepe, Gordion, Ephesus, Aphrodisias, Perga, Lycia, Sagalassos, Aizanoi, Zeugma, Ani, Harran, Mardin, Konya and Alanya."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace",
"text": "The European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since at least forty thousand years ago, and is known to have been in the Neolithic era by about 6000 BC.Göbekli Tepe is the site of the oldest known man-made religious structure, a temple dating to circa 10,000 BC, while Çatalhöyük is a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | History",
"text": "The real GDP growth rate from 2002 to 2007 averaged 6.8 percent annually, which made Turkey one of the fastest growing economies in the world during that period."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The men's national basketball team won the silver medal at the 2010 FIBA World Championship and at the EuroBasket 2001, which were both hosted by Turkey; and is one of the most successful at the Mediterranean Games."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature and theatre",
"text": "In time, the ancient rituals, myths, legends and stories evolved into theatrical shows."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace",
"text": "Various ancient Anatolian populations have lived in Anatolia, from at least the Neolithic until the Hellenistic period."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature and theatre",
"text": "The origin of Turkish theatre dates back to ancient pagan rituals and oral legends."
}
] |
The Göbekli Tepe is considered one of the most ancient temples, not only in Turkey but in the world.
| 2 | 3 |
Turkey
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rains Came is a 1939 20th Century Fox film based on an American novel by Louis Bromfield (published in June 1937 by Harper & Brothers)."
}
] |
CuxV0QIP3XKxYxSI1cKJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "\"TCM.com reports some of cinematographer Arthur Miller's recollections about The Rains Came, including his \"obsession\" with the rain."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades | 1955 adaptation",
"text": "The Rains Came was remade in 1955 as The Rains of Ranchipur, with Richard Burton, Lana Turner and Fred MacMurray in the Power, Loy and Brent roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rains Came is a 1939 20th Century Fox film based on an American novel by Louis Bromfield (published in June 1937 by Harper & Brothers)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Original prints of the film were tinted sepia."
},
{
"section_header": "Casting",
"text": "Warner Bros. The only cast member who was originally chosen for the role he or she played was Ouspenskaya, who was memorable as the Maharani."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A remake of the film was released in 1955 under the name The Rains of Ranchipur."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades | 1955 adaptation",
"text": "The 1939 film uses the original novel's ending; the 1955 film provides different fates for Lord and Lady Esketh."
}
] |
The Rains Came was originally spoken word.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rains Came
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture and tourism",
"text": "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) classifies the Palace of Westminster, along with neighbouring Westminster Abbey and St Margaret's, as a World Heritage Site."
}
] |
CxRMPd6yPeUvY6olvDCj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Palace of Westminster has been a Grade I listed building since 1970 and part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and tourism",
"text": "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) classifies the Palace of Westminster, along with neighbouring Westminster Abbey and St Margaret's, as a World Heritage Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Security | Incidents",
"text": "The previous Palace of Westminster was also the site of a prime-ministerial assassination on 11 May 1812."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Major conservation work has taken place since then to reverse the effects of London's air pollution, and extensive repairs followed the Second World War, including the reconstruction of the Commons Chamber following its bombing in 1941."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old Palace",
"text": "The Palace of Westminster site was strategically important during the Middle Ages, as it was located on the banks of the River Thames."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Recent history",
"text": "At the same time, the option of moving Parliament to a new location was discounted, with staying at the Westminster site preferred."
},
{
"section_header": "Security | Incidents",
"text": "At the same time, it was also revealed that there were four fires on the Palace of Westminster site during 2019, and eight in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Recent history",
"text": "During the Second World War (see The Blitz), the Palace of Westminster was hit by bombs on fourteen separate occasions."
},
{
"section_header": "Interior | Westminster Hall",
"text": "In the reign of Henry II (1154-89) a royal decree established a fixed siting of judges in the Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Interior | Westminster Hall",
"text": "The St Stephen's Porch end of the Hall displays under the stained glass window the Parliamentary War Memorial listing on eight panels the names of Members and staff of both Houses of Parliament and their sons killed serving in the First World War; the window itself, installed in 1952, commemorates members and staff of both Houses who died in the Second World War."
}
] |
The Place of Westminster is not a site of the UNESCO World Heritage.
| 0 | 3 |
Palace of Westminster
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot, in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who."
}
] |
Cxcc3pdQGI6IqyiBqzpt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "In 2000, Doctor Who was ranked third in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century, produced by the British Film Institute and voted on by industry professionals."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and other appearances | Dr. Who films",
"text": "Paul McGann starred in the only television film as the eighth incarnation of the Doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and other appearances | Dr. Who films",
"text": "In addition, several planned films were proposed, including a sequel, The Chase, loosely based on the original series story, for the Cushing Doctor, plus many attempted television movie and big screen productions to revive the original Doctor"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and other appearances | Dr. Who films",
"text": "After the film, he continued the role in audio books and was confirmed as the eighth incarnation through flashback footage and a mini episode in the 2005 revival, effectively linking the two series and the television movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and other appearances | Dr. Who films",
"text": "Who showrunner Steven Moffat stated later that any such film would not be a reboot of the series and a film should be made by the BBC team and star the current TV Doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "It won five BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series, the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Public consciousness",
"text": "In 2007, Caitlin Moran, television reviewer for The Times, wrote that Doctor Who is \"quintessential to being British\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Doctor | Revelations about the Doctor",
"text": "In the 1996 television film, the Eighth Doctor describes himself as being \"half human\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot, in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who."
}
] |
The British television series Doctor Who had a film that was a failure.
| 0 | 0 |
Doctor Who
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Profile and legacy",
"text": "In 1,446 games, he had a batting average of .279 with 26 home runs and 530 RBI in 4,480 at-bats."
}
] |
Cy6pWYKu5eNok0wloC5U
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Bresnahan remained active in professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career (1895–1902)",
"text": "He had six hits in 16 at bats (a .375 batting average) and had a 4–0 win–loss record for the 1897 Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Profile and legacy",
"text": "Bresnahan stood approximately 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roger Philip Bresnahan (June 11, 1879 – December 4, 1944), nicknamed \"The Duke of Tralee\", was an American player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Bresnahan was hospitalized for ten days, during which time he developed schematics for a plastic batting helmet, though this piece of equipment did not become commonplace until the 1940s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career (1895–1902)",
"text": "At 16, Bresnahan signed with a semi-professional team from Manistee, Michigan."
},
{
"section_header": "Profile and legacy",
"text": "Miller Huggins named Bresnahan the catcher on his all-time team."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "He was hit in the head with a pitch by Andy Coakley of the Cincinnati Reds on June 18, 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career (1913–1931)",
"text": "He played for a semi-professional team in 1919, and appeared in five games for the Mud Hens in 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Bresnahan also developed the first batting helmet."
},
{
"section_header": "Profile and legacy",
"text": "In 1,446 games, he had a batting average of .279 with 26 home runs and 530 RBI in 4,480 at-bats."
}
] |
Roger Bresnahan hit baseballs approximately a minimum of 1,250 times with a bat in a professional, non-training, capacity.
| 0 | 0 |
Roger Bresnahan
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When future Hall of Famer Willie Mays joined the Giants in 1951, Irvin was asked to mentor him."
}
] |
CyneR2qvjzPkzB6DBtXc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1974, Kuhn was present in Cincinnati when Hank Aaron tied Babe Ruth's record of 714 career home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When future Hall of Famer Willie Mays joined the Giants in 1951, Irvin was asked to mentor him."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "On January 11, 2016, Irvin died of natural causes in Houston at the age of 96."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "During that season, Giants manager Leo Durocher asked Irvin to serve as a mentor for Mays, who had been called up to the team in"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He lived in a retirement community in Houston prior to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Prior to his death, he lived in a retirement community in Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "That year Irvin teamed with Hank Thompson and Willie Mays to form the first all-black outfield in the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Irvin attended Lincoln University and was a star football player."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "In the third game of the playoff between the Giants and Dodgers, Irvin popped out in the bottom of the ninth inning before Bobby Thomson hit the Shot Heard 'Round the World."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "The team said that he would compete with Hank Sauer for a starting position in left field."
}
] |
Monte Irvin was a baseball player that passed away in Houston and mentor to Hank Aaron.
| 0 | 0 |
Monte Irvin
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On November 7, 2017, Halladay died when the ICON A5 Founders Edition amphibious aircraft he was piloting crashed into the Gulf of Mexico."
}
] |
CytiXgAH5rKRyabFfRq7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2011",
"text": "Reflecting on that series at his retirement, Halladay said \"I think the one thing I took away from that is you can have the best team on paper, you can have the guys who want it the most."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013)",
"text": "Three hours before Halladay signed the contract extension, Amaro traded away Lee, to the surprise of Halladay who thought that Lee would be his teammate."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2011",
"text": "For the 2011 season, Halladay was joined by Cliff Lee, who before the 2010 season had been traded away from the Phillies shortly before Halladay joined."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The Pasco Sheriff's Office Marine Unit responded to the accident after a call at noon, reporting that a sport plane had crashed upside-down into shallow water."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2010 | Perfect game",
"text": "Thanks, Roy Halladay. \" Additionally, the back of each watch was engraved with the date of the game, the line score, and the individual recipient's name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2011",
"text": "The resulting starting pitching lineup of Halladay, Lee, Cole Hamels, Roy Oswalt and Joe Blanton had commentators dub it one of the best rotations ever assembled."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Leroy \"Roy\" Halladay III (May 14, 1977 – November 7, 2017) was an American professional baseball pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays and Philadelphia Phillies between 1998 and 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On March 2, 2019, Phillies free agent acquisition Bryce Harper, who wore uniform number 34 from his debut with the Washington Nationals in 2012, announced that he would not wear the number 34 as a member of the Phillies, stating that \"Roy Halladay should be the last one to wear it\" for the Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2013",
"text": "On May 5, Halladay gave up nine earned runs in just 21⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Toronto Blue Jays (1998–2009) | 2002–2006",
"text": "Halladay continued his success in the 2003 season, posting a 22–7 record with a 3.25 ERA in 266 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On November 7, 2017, Halladay died when the ICON A5 Founders Edition amphibious aircraft he was piloting crashed into the Gulf of Mexico."
}
] |
Roy Halladay passed away in a motorcycle accident.
| 1 | 4 |
Roy Halladay
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English: ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE."
}
] |
Cz1Jm9Mz8CL4NBCa0699
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Dharma",
"text": "Encouragement of obedience to parents, \"generosity toward priests and ascetics, and frugality in spending\" (Rock Edict 3)."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "The Samantapasadika states that Ashoka followed non-Buddhist sects during the first three years of his reign."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign after Buddhist influence | Buddhist missions",
"text": "Next, with Moggaliputta-Tissa's help, Ashoka sent Buddhist missionaries to distant regions such as Kashmir, Gandhara, Himalayas, the land of the Yonas (Greeks), Maharashtra, Suvannabhumi, and Sri Lanka."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English: ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign relations | Hellenistic world",
"text": "Some Hellenistic philosophers, such as Hegesias of Cyrene, who probably lived under the rule of King Magas, one of the supposed recipients of Buddhist emissaries from Asoka, are sometimes thought to have been influenced by Buddhist teachings."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign after Buddhist influence | Buddhist missions",
"text": "Majjhima to the Himalayas Soṇa and Uttara to Suvaṇṇabhūmi (possibly Lower Burma and Thailand)The tradition adds that during his 19th regnal year, Ashoka's daughter Sanghamitta went to Sri Lanka to establish an order of nuns, taking a sapling of the sacred Bodhi Tree with her."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Daughters",
"text": "The contemporary laws regarding exogamy would have forbidden such a marriage between first cousins."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern scholarship | Perceptions and historiography",
"text": "\" Finally, he promotes ideals that correspond to the first three steps of the Buddha's graduated discourse."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Inscriptions",
"text": "These inscriptions are dispersed throughout modern-day Pakistan and India, and represent the first tangible evidence of Buddhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern scholarship | Rediscovery",
"text": "However, in 1837, George Turnour discovered an important Sri Lankan manuscript (Dipavamsa, or \"Island Chronicle\" ) associating Piyadasi with Ashoka: \"Two hundred and eighteen years after the beatitude of the Buddha, was the inauguration of Piyadassi, .... who, the grandson of Chandragupta, and the son of Bindusara, was at the time Governor of Ujjayani.\" Since then, the association of \"Devanampriya Priyadarsin\" with Ashoka was confirmed through various inscriptions, and especially confirmed in the Minor Rock Edict inscription discovered in Maski, directly associating Ashoka with his regnal title Devanampriya (\"Beloved-of-the-Gods\"): [A proclamation] of Devanampriya Asoka."
}
] |
Asoka was a Hindu priest in the Himalaya Mountains and brewed the first tea.
| 3 | 4 |
Asoka
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Acting career",
"text": "Johnson also appeared in several commercials for Nike in 1998."
}
] |
CzFI1JYmiLeRDIRT77YF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | Seattle Mariners (1989–1998) | 1996−1998",
"text": "the 1998 season began, Johnson was upset the Mariners would not offer him a contract extension, given his contract was expiring after the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | Arizona Diamondbacks (1999–2004)",
"text": "Johnson agreed to a four-year contract, with an option for a fifth year, for $52.4 million, with the Arizona Diamondbacks, a second-year franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | Seattle Mariners (1989–1998) | 1996−1998",
"text": "When Johnson had started an interleague game versus the Rockies on June 12, Walker chose not to play, explaining that \"I faced Randy one time in spring training"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | New York Yankees (2005–2006)",
"text": "In 2005, The Sporting News published an update of their 1999 book Baseball's 100 Greatest Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "Sports Illustrated MLB All-Decade Team (2009) Has defeated every major-league team at least once"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | Arizona Diamondbacks (1999–2004)",
"text": "Johnson and Schilling shared the World Series Most Valuable Player Award, the Babe Ruth Award, and were named Sports Illustrated magazine's 2001 \"Sportsmen of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "In a June 27, 2012, appearance on The Dan Patrick Show, Adam Dunn (a left-handed batter) was asked who the best pitcher he faced was. \" Honestly, Randy Johnson when he was good."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Johnson was born in Walnut Creek, California, to Carol Hannah and Rollen Charles \"Bud\" Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johnson also threw a hard, biting slider."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | New York Yankees (2005–2006)",
"text": "Johnson was more effective in the second half."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Acting career",
"text": "Johnson also appeared in several commercials for Nike in 1998."
}
] |
Randy Johnson had a marketing contract with a large sports company.
| 2 | 4 |
Randy Johnson
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "Groupon aired a controversial Super Bowl XLV advertisement in which actor Timothy Hutton begins by making a plea for the people of Tibet before delivering the punch line: \" But they still whip up an amazing fish curry."
}
] |
CzUmVLsne0puztTHnH0D
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "The environmental organization Greenpeace praised Groupon's Super Bowl ads."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "The company waited seven years before it would try another Super Bowl ad."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "Groupon aired a controversial Super Bowl XLV advertisement in which actor Timothy Hutton begins by making a plea for the people of Tibet before delivering the punch line: \" But they still whip up an amazing fish curry."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "The commercial angered consumers who described the ad with adjectives including \"tasteless,\" \"tacky,\" \"vulgar\" and \"detestable\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "On February 10, 2011, Groupon's founder Andrew Mason apologized and pulled the ad."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "\" Critics of the ad took to several social media outlets to argue that Groupon was using the plight of Tibetans to sell their services."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "The following day, Groupon responded by defending their commercial and their philanthropic stance."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "The commercial that aired during Super Bowl LII featured Tiffany Haddish, a comedian and active Groupon user."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011 onward",
"text": "Prior to the company's fifth anniversary, the Groupon website was completely redesigned and new features were added in November 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Groupon MerchantOS",
"text": "The suite includes Groupon Rewards, Groupon Scheduler and Groupon Payments."
}
] |
Groupon has always had a strong philanthropic presence and has had multiple Super Bowl ads including a controversial ad that was consider insensitive about fish tacos.
| 1 | 3 |
Groupon
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "The book's title comes from the closing lines of T. S. Eliot's poem, The Journey of the Magi: We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,"
}
] |
CzXfwKHPmepISaseg5VU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Though set several decades after \"Things Fall Apart\", \"No Longer at Ease\" continues many of the themes from Achebe's first novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"No Longer at Ease\" debuted to largely positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "But no longer at ease here, With an alien people clutching their gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Furthermore, Achebe depicts a family continuity between Ogbuefi Okonkwo in \"Things Fall Apart\" and his grandson Obi Okonkwo in \"No Longer at Ease\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Mercedes Mackay of the Royal African Society noted that \"This second novel of Chinua Achebe is better than his first, and puts this Nigerian at the forefront of West African writers.\" Arthur Lerner of Los Angeles City College wrote that \"The second novel of this young Nigerian author continues the promise of its predecessor, Things Fall Apart.\" The novel was widely praised for its realistic and vivid depictions of life in Lagos in the early 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "The book's title comes from the closing lines of T. S. Eliot's poem, The Journey of the Magi: We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "It then jumps back in time to a point before his departure for England and works its way forward to describe how Obi ended up on trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel begins with the trial of Obi Okonkwo on the charge of accepting a bribe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the story of an Igbo man, Obi Okonkwo, who leaves his village for an education in Britain and then a job in the Nigerian colonial civil service, but is conflicted between his African culture and Western lifestyle and ends up taking a bribe."
}
] |
The 1960 novel No Longer At Ease ends with a poem.
| 0 | 0 |
No Longer At Ease
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Miller was diagnosed with liver cancer in August 2012."
}
] |
D0UPi0azXcAfSxviFZ3q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "He died on November 27, 2012, at the age of 95, in his home in Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Miller died in November 2012; he was posthumously listed on the Expansion Era ballot for the 2014 class, but received fewer than seven of 16 votes and was again not elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "That's the least they owe Marvin Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Curt Flood",
"text": "\"I (Miller) told him yes, and those to come."
},
{
"section_header": "Curt Flood",
"text": "\" Flood asked Miller if it would benefit other players."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Therefore Marvin Miller should be in the Hall of Fame on that basis."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Miller was diagnosed with liver cancer in August 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Miller, even after retiring, remained close with his successor as a consultant."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Miller graduated from New York University in 1938 with a degree in Economics."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball Players Association",
"text": "At the United Steelworkers union, Miller worked his way up to be its leading economist and negotiator."
}
] |
Miller died from complications due to an automobile accident.
| 1 | 5 |
Marvin Miller
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "Originally he tried to enlist as a fighter pilot but failed hearing tests."
}
] |
D0sftI1GLEMHZkV2ukmB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His career was interrupted by four years of military service in World War II, during which time he served as Chief Petty Officer aboard USS Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "They represent every city, town and village in the land, speak of him familiarly as 'Bob', and talk about him by the hour, with enthusiasm.\" The United States entered World War II with the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "Feller said, \"I told them I wanted to ... get into combat; wanted to do something besides standing around handing out balls and bats and making ball fields out of coral reefs.\" Feller was assigned to USS Alabama; he had hoped to serve on USS Iowa, but nearly all servicemen from Iowa had requested a place on that ship, and Feller was not selected."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | World Series champion (1948)",
"text": "Feller started Game One of the 1948 World Series against the NL-champion Boston Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "Although he had received a military exemption owing to his father's failing health, he wanted to serve in combat missions."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "Alabama also served during Operation Flintlock while primarily being used as an escort battleship in 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "During the off-season, he became chairman of the Ohio March of Dimes and served as player representative for the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "Feller started the 1952 season with three wins in his first five starts; one of the losses was an April 23 one-hitter against Bob Cain, who also allowed only one hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "Greenberg said, \"We sincerely want Feller to remain with us."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | World Series champion (1948)",
"text": "The Indians won a one-game playoff against the Boston Red Sox to determine the team to represent the AL in the World Series; it was the first time the team had won the pennant since the 1920 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "Originally he tried to enlist as a fighter pilot but failed hearing tests."
}
] |
Bob Feller wanted to serve on a ship during World War II.
| 1 | 4 |
Bob Feller
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Germany",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera was first performed at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in 1928 on a set designed by Caspar Neher."
}
] |
D1R7jo1lLMH390JC3R2z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Russia",
"text": "It was the only one of Brecht's works to be performed in Russia during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Germany",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera was first performed at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in 1928 on a set designed by Caspar Neher."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Opera or musical theatre?",
"text": "The ambivalent nature of The Threepenny Opera, derived from an 18th-century ballad opera but conceived in terms of 20th-century musical theatre, has led to discussion as how it can best be characterised."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1994, on CDJAY 1244."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals | France",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera was shown in its French version in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1954, on Decca Broadway 012–159–463–2."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1976, on Columbia PS 34326."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | France",
"text": "four pennies being the idiomatically equivalent French expression for Threepenny)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Opera or musical theatre?",
"text": "The Weill authority Stephen Hinton notes that \"generic ambiguity is a key to the work’s enduring success\", and points out the work's deliberate hybrid status: For Weill [The Threepenny Opera] was not just ‘the most consistent reaction to [Richard] Wagner’; it also marked a positive step towards an operatic reform."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals | Germany",
"text": "After World War II the first theater performance in Berlin was a rough production of The Threepenny Opera at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm."
}
] |
The Threepenny Opera premiered during the 1920s.
| 0 | 0 |
The Threepenny Opera
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Hoffman was 46. Detectives searching the apartment found heroin and prescription medications at the scene, and revealed that he was discovered with a syringe in his arm."
}
] |
D1ouexhz1Ur4a3rdssac
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Final years (2010–14)",
"text": "The role was later passed on to Steve Coogan."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "\"This is for my buddy, Phil Hoffman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final years (2010–14)",
"text": "A talented dancer, Hoffman was able to showcase his abilities by performing a jig during a surreal sequence; Bradshaw called it an \"extraordinary moment\" that \"only Hoffman could have carried off."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and acting style | Work ethic",
"text": "The journalist Jeff Simon described Hoffman as \"probably the most in-demand character actor of his generation\", but Hoffman claimed never to take it for granted that he would be offered roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and acting style",
"text": "Hoffman was acutely aware that he was often too unorthodox for the Academy voters."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | A rising actor (1996–99)",
"text": "Continuing with this momentum, Hoffman appeared in five films in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | A rising actor (1996–99)",
"text": "Hoffman had long been a fan of the directors, and relished the experience of working with them."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Critical acclaim (2005–09)",
"text": "Hoffman received a Golden Globe nomination for his performance in The Savages."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Critical acclaim (2005–09)",
"text": "The year 2008 contained two significant Hoffman roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Hoffman was 46. Detectives searching the apartment found heroin and prescription medications at the scene, and revealed that he was discovered with a syringe in his arm."
}
] |
Hoffman passed due to complications from a stroke.
| 0 | 0 |
Philip Seymour Hoffman
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He studied music at the University of California, Los Angeles, but dropped out one semester shy of a B.A.Newman's parents were nonobservant Jews."
}
] |
D2yqdfyBy1J7lUcYE3lh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Recording artist",
"text": "His 1968 debut album, Randy Newman, was a critical success but never entered the Billboard Top 200."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He accepted the invitation but was subsequently disinvited by the girl's father, who told Newman that his daughter should never have invited him because Jews were not allowed at the country club."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Songwriter",
"text": "In the mid-1960s, Newman was never a member of the band the Tikis, who later became Harpers Bizarre, best known for their 1967 hit version of the Paul Simon composition \"The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Newman was married to German-born Roswitha Schmale from 1967 to 1985, and they had three sons , Eric Newman, Amos Newman and John Newman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recording artist",
"text": "In 1970, Harry Nilsson recorded an entire album of Newman compositions (Newman played piano) called Nilsson Sings Newman."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He has been married to Gretchen Preece, with whom he has two children, Patrick Newman and Alice Newman, since 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Songwriter",
"text": "Newman has been a professional songwriter since he was 17."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recording artist",
"text": "Newman performed \"Sail Away\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The paternal side of his family includes grandparents Luba (née Koskoff) (July 21, 1883 – March 3, 1954) and Michael Newman (Nemorofsky) (1874–1948), and three uncles who were Hollywood film-score composers: Alfred Newman, Lionel Newman and Emil Newman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Songwriter",
"text": "In 2011, Newman endorsed jazz singer Roseanna Vitro's album, The Randy Newman Project (Motéma Music, 2011).In 2020, Newman wrote a song called “Stay Away” to support people during the CoronaVirus pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He studied music at the University of California, Los Angeles, but dropped out one semester shy of a B.A.Newman's parents were nonobservant Jews."
}
] |
Newman never finished college.
| 3 | 3 |
Randy Newman
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, New York Giants, Boston Braves and the Brooklyn Robins between 1915 and 1930."
}
] |
D3GzvYsGGpceMSlLjkxQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Before the 1915 season, the Philadelphia Phillies purchased Bancroft from Portland for $5,000 ($126,365 in current dollar terms)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, New York Giants, Boston Braves and the Brooklyn Robins between 1915 and 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "The Phillies won their first NL pennant in 1915, but lost the 1915 World Series to the Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Bancroft feuded with Cravath, who became the Phillies' manager in 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David James Bancroft (April 20, 1891 – October 9, 1972) was an American professional baseball shortstop and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Portland's manager was quoted as saying he did not expect Bancroft would last with the Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Bancroft batted third in the Phillies' lineup in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He coached with the Giants, then managed in the minor leagues and the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Though the Phillies batted .182 as a team in the series, Bancroft batted .294."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "In the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, Bancroft managed the Chicago Colleens in 1948 and South Bend Blue Sox in 1949 and 1950."
}
] |
Dave Bancroft was an American professional baseball shortstop and manager for the Philadelphia Phillies after the Phillies purchased Bancroft for $5, 000 between 1915 and 1930.
| 0 | 0 |
Dave Bancroft
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn)."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon also form clathrate hydrates, where the noble gas is trapped in ice."
}
] |
D3cwoLeW95r1pAM9dnP3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For the first six periods of the periodic table, the noble gases are exactly the members of group 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Ne < He Ne < He < Ar < Kr < Xe < Rn < ~Og."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon also form clathrate hydrates, where the noble gas is trapped in ice."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence and production",
"text": "The prices of the noble gases are influenced by their natural abundance, with argon being the cheapest and xenon the most expensive."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "For instance, argon, krypton, and xenon form clathrates with hydroquinone, but helium and neon do not because they are too small or insufficiently polarizable to be retained."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "As of 2008, endohedral complexes with helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon have been created."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Noble gases can form endohedral fullerene compounds, in which the noble gas atom is trapped inside a fullerene molecule."
}
] |
Noble gases are exactly the members of group 18 with the six naturally occurring noble gases as helium (He), neon (Ne), argon ( Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive Uranium (Ur) that form trapped frozen gases.
| 0 | 0 |
Noble gas
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent his 18-year baseball career primarily with the Boston Red Sox, but he also played for the New York Yankees, with whom he won the 1996 World Series over the Atlanta Braves, and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, with whom he reached 3,000 hits."
}
] |
D4if16qTUhvEPHYZvf3K
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees",
"text": "In 1996, Boggs helped the Yankees win their first World Series title in 18 years, which became his only world title."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent his 18-year baseball career primarily with the Boston Red Sox, but he also played for the New York Yankees, with whom he won the 1996 World Series over the Atlanta Braves, and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, with whom he reached 3,000 hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "In 1986, Boggs made it to the World Series with the Red Sox, but they lost to the New York Mets in seven games."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Thirty-two innings were played from 18 to 19 April 1981 at McCoy Stadium in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.\" During his last year in the minor leagues with Pawtucket, he led the league with a .335 batting-average, 167 hits, and 41 doubles."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "A left-handed hitter, Boggs won five batting titles starting in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball legacy",
"text": "Boggs recorded 2.1 innings of pitching at the Major League level."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees",
"text": "In the series' fourth game, which saw the Yankees rally from six runs down to win, Boggs was called on to pinch hit in the tenth inning and using the batting eye he was known for throughout his career, he coaxed a bases-loaded walk out of Steve Avery, which gave the Yankees the lead in a game they went on to win 8–6."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Winfield served with the Marines in World War II and flew for the Air Force in the Korean War, while Sue piloted mail planes in World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | Wrestling",
"text": "As a baseball player, Boggs made an appearance for the professional wrestling promotion World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "Although he would not win another batting title after 1988 (his batting title that year broke Bill Madlock's Major League record of four by a third baseman), he regularly appeared among the league leaders in hitting."
}
] |
Boggs led the Braves to a World Series title in 1996.
| 0 | 5 |
Wade Boggs
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "It's pure anxiety, and I love it.\" Phoenix has long been a social activist, lending his support to a number of charities and humanitarian organizations, such as Amnesty International, The Art of Elysium, HEART, and the Peace Alliance (which campaigns for a United States Department of Peace)."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Phoenix is also on the board of directors for The Lunchbox Fund, a non-profit organization which provides daily meals to students of township schools in Soweto, South Africa, which was founded by his ex-girlfriend, South African model Topaz Page-Green."
}
] |
D4oyM2QD08KYjgZi0mEl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2006–2010: Producing and self-imposed break",
"text": "Throughout the filming period, Phoenix remained in character for public appearances, giving many the impression that he was genuinely pursuing a new career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is a social activist and has lent his support to several charities and humanitarian organizations."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2012–2018: Comeback and further acclaim",
"text": "Many critics agreed the performance is one of Phoenix' best to date, with Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times describing it as \"the most rivetingly contained\" work of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He later gave an interview apologizing for his comments, and acknowledged that the awards provide an important platform for many deserving filmmakers."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "In February 2020, Phoenix starred in Guardians of Life, the first of twelve short films by the environmental organization Mobilize Earth that highlight the most pressing issues facing humanity and the natural world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is on the board of directors for The Lunchbox Fund, a non-profit organization which provides daily meals to school students in the South African town of Soweto."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2012–2018: Comeback and further acclaim",
"text": "It was met with mostly positive reviews with many critics praising the film for its acting performances, while some were frustrated by its complicated plot, however it only grossed $11.1 million at the box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Phoenix is also on the board of directors for The Lunchbox Fund, a non-profit organization which provides daily meals to students of township schools in Soweto, South Africa, which was founded by his ex-girlfriend, South African model Topaz Page-Green."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "It's pure anxiety, and I love it.\" Phoenix has long been a social activist, lending his support to a number of charities and humanitarian organizations, such as Amnesty International, The Art of Elysium, HEART, and the Peace Alliance (which campaigns for a United States Department of Peace)."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2012–2018: Comeback and further acclaim",
"text": "Peter Travers of the Rolling Stone gave Phoenix high praise stating \"Joaquin Phoenix in the performance of his career."
}
] |
Phoenix has been involved in many charitable organizations.
| 1 | 2 |
Joaquin Phoenix
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team, the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League (NBL)."
}
] |
D57vKXDrI5eSiyZg29Iq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Los Angeles Clippers",
"text": "Los Angeles fans have historically favored the Lakers."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Los Angeles Clippers",
"text": "The rivalry between the Lakers and the Los Angeles Clippers is unique because they are the only two NBA teams to share an arena, the Staples Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Name, logo and uniforms",
"text": "The Lakers logo consists of the team name, \"Los Angeles Lakers\" written in purple on top of a gold basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1968–1973: Wilt arrives",
"text": "By winning 33 straight games, Los Angeles set a record for longest winning streak of any team in American professional sports."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1958–1968: Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry",
"text": "Los Angeles moved to a brand-new arena, The Forum, in 1967, after playing seven seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1958–1968: Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry",
"text": "During the 1960 off-season, the Lakers became the NBA's first West Coast team when owner Bob Short decided to move the team to Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1958–1968: Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry",
"text": "Los Angeles lost in the finals to Boston in seven games again in 1966, this time by two points."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1958–1968: Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry",
"text": "Led by Baylor's 34.8 ppg and 19.8 rpg, Los Angeles won 11 more than the year before in West's first season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team, the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League (NBL)."
}
] |
American basketball team The Los Angeles Lakers started in Pittsburgh.
| 0 | 0 |
Los Angeles Lakers
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered one of the Big Five technology companies alongside Amazon, Apple, Google, and Facebook."
}
] |
D57zzWPkMSUCVqXFQOpm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered one of the Big Five technology companies alongside Amazon, Apple, Google, and Facebook."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Microsoft Corporation () is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Board of directors",
"text": "There are five committees within the board which oversee more specific matters."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Flagship stores",
"text": "The location features a five-story glass storefront and is 22,270 square feet."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Environment",
"text": "In 2011, Greenpeace released a report rating the top ten big brands in cloud computing on their sources of electricity for their data centers."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | United States government",
"text": "Following media reports about PRISM, NSA's massive electronic surveillance program, in May 2013, several technology companies were identified as participants, including Microsoft."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Financial",
"text": "In November 2018, the company won a $480 million military contract with the U.S. government to bring augmented reality (AR) headset technology into the weapon repertoires of American soldiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Financial",
"text": "One of the contract's tag lines for the augmented reality technology seems to be its ability to enable \"25 bloodless battles before the 1st battle\", suggesting that actual combat training is going to be an essential aspect of the augmented reality headset capabilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing",
"text": "As part of the \"Get the Facts\" campaign, Microsoft highlighted the .NET Framework trading platform that it had developed in partnership with Accenture for the London Stock Exchange, claiming that it provided \"five nines\" reliability."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "On January 24, 2017, Microsoft showcased Intune for Education at the BETT 2017 education technology conference in London."
}
] |
It is considered one of the Big Five technology companies.
| 1 | 4 |
Microsoft
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The canal fostered a population surge in western New York and opened regions farther west to settlement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The canal's peak year was 1855, when 33,000 commercial shipments took place."
}
] |
D5J4NN28hEuqdnwZhoVy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The canal's peak year was 1855, when 33,000 commercial shipments took place."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "There were some 42 commercial shipments on the canal in 2008, compared to 15 such shipments in 2007 and more than 33,000 shipments in 1855, the canal's peak year."
},
{
"section_header": "Sunday closing debate",
"text": "The New York State Legislature debated closing the locks of the Erie Canal on Sundays, when they convened in 1858."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "At that rate, the canal would not be finished for 30 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Competition",
"text": "However, it went bankrupt and was acquired the next year by the New York Central."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "The Erie Canal is open to small craft and some larger vessels from May through November each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Using a scraper and a plow, a three-man team with oxen, horses and mules could build a mile in a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The Erie Canal was thus completed in eight years at a cost of $7.143 million (equivalent to $114,000,000 in 2019)."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Tolls collected on freight had already exceeded the state's construction debt in its first year of official operation."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Canvass White was a 27-year-old amateur engineer who persuaded Clinton to let him go to Britain at his own expense to study the canal system there."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The canal fostered a population surge in western New York and opened regions farther west to settlement."
}
] |
It's peak year was 1858.
| 3 | 4 |
Erie Canal
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and The Song of the Lark. The novel tells the stories of an orphaned boy from Virginia, Jim Burden, and the elder daughter in a family of Bohemian immigrants, Ántonia Shimerda, who are each brought as children to be pioneers in Nebraska towards the end of the 19th century."
}
] |
D5pXDhIVMmhvAEFSw7cY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Mr. and Mrs. Shimerda Ántonia's immigrant parents from Bohemia."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He accepted her daughter Martha, born when Ántonia's first love deceived and deserted her, leaving her with child and socially disgraced."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books",
"text": "-87352-520-5 Smith, Christopher (2001) Readings on My Antonia Greenhaven Press, San Diego, California, ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He keeps in touch with Ántonia, whose life takes a hard turn when the man she loves proposes marriage, but deceives her and leaves her with child."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books",
"text": "and My Antonia: A student casebook to issues, sources, and historical documents Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, ISBN 0-313-31390-3"
},
{
"section_header": "Narration",
"text": "The Hired Girls, III Lena Lingard, IV"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "My Antonia, a 1995 made-for-television movie, was adapted from the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to the novel",
"text": "After LaVerne's husband, Robert Stack, dies in an airplane racing accident, Burke Devlin sends LaVerne and her son, Jack, on a plane to Chicago, which will connect them to their next flight to Nebraska to start a new life."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books",
"text": "-19-504132-1 O'Brien, Sharon (editor) (1999) New essays on Cather's My Antonia Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, ISBN 0-521-45275-9 Rosowski, Susan J. (1989) Approaches to Teaching Cather's My Ántonia Modern Language Association of America, New York, ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Lena Lingard Hired girl come from the countryside to work as a dressmaker in Black Hawk."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and The Song of the Lark. The novel tells the stories of an orphaned boy from Virginia, Jim Burden, and the elder daughter in a family of Bohemian immigrants, Ántonia Shimerda, who are each brought as children to be pioneers in Nebraska towards the end of the 19th century."
}
] |
My Antonia is a book about the social injustices of a little girl whose parents die in an accident and raised by her grandfather.
| 2 | 4 |
My Antonia
|
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