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Popular Culture
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack | Musical numbers",
"text": "Alka Yagnik (Incorporated in the film song titled \"Hindi Sad Diamonds\"; originally performed by Alka Yagnik in the 1998 Hindi film China Gate, composed by"
}
] |
D60qgC2I81sTvGZxCYPj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Some of the songs sampled include \"Chamma Chamma\" from the Hindi movie China Gate"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "It required this idea of comic-tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage adaptation",
"text": "Some sources claimed in 2006 that the director, Baz Luhrmann, had approached the leads of the film, Kidman and McGregor, to star in the potential stage version."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Musical or Comedy (for Ewan McGregor), Best Original Score (for Craig Armstrong), Best Director (for Baz Luhrmann) and Best Song (\"Come What May\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "When asked about his inspiration for Moulin Rouge!, Luhrmann remarked: When I was in India researching Midsummer Night's Dream, we went to this huge, ice cream picture palace to see a Bollywood movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Moulin Rouge! (, French: [mulɛ̃ ʁuʒ]) is a 2001 jukebox musical romantic drama film directed, co-produced, and co-written by Baz Luhrmann."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "This necessitated some pick-up shots being filmed in Madrid."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack | Musical numbers",
"text": "Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film, Vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "It picked up six Golden Globe nominations including Best Motion Picture –"
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack | Musical numbers",
"text": "Coup d'État/Finale (The Show Must Go On/Children of the Revolution/"
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack | Musical numbers",
"text": "Alka Yagnik (Incorporated in the film song titled \"Hindi Sad Diamonds\"; originally performed by Alka Yagnik in the 1998 Hindi film China Gate, composed by"
}
] |
Baz Luhrmann came up with the idea for the movie after going to China.
| 2 | 8 |
Moulin Rouge!
|
Music
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Activism and humanitarian work | Animal rights activism",
"text": ", I just wanted to have a rant about the horrible animal cruelty in these wet-markets being the possible source of the virus, and promote veganism."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism and humanitarian work | Animal rights activism",
"text": "Even though Adams did not single out any particular race in his remarks, online response was immediate and \"Bryan Adams racist\" began trending on social media."
}
] |
D6VcSXKaqNdfyo2oaywR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He relayed his experiences with his plant based diet in an interview with Vegan Life Magazine in 2016: \"For those people who aren't veggie or vegan"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bryan Adams has been a vegan for 30 years; he quit eating meat and dairy in 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010s",
"text": "Bryan Adams performed \"the Ultimate tour\" during the year 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism and humanitarian work | Animal rights activism",
"text": ", I just wanted to have a rant about the horrible animal cruelty in these wet-markets being the possible source of the virus, and promote veganism."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism and humanitarian work | Animal rights activism",
"text": "Even though Adams did not single out any particular race in his remarks, online response was immediate and \"Bryan Adams racist\" began trending on social media."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1990s",
"text": "It included a new song called \"Please Forgive Me\", that became another number 1 single in Australia as well as reaching the Top 3 in the US, the UK and Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adams released his Ultimate collection in 2017; it included two new songs, \"Please Stay\" and \"Ultimate Love\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "I am turning 57 years old this year and I work hard, I am always on the move"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early career",
"text": "At the age of 15, he became the vocalist for a pub band Sweeney Todd."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early career",
"text": "If Wishes Were Horses (1977) with Adams billed as \"Bryan Guy Adams\" on vocals."
}
] |
Bryan Adams became the ultimate vegan when he desired to shout about his vegan diet and moral superiority so hard that doing so got him called racist.
| 2 | 10 |
Bryan Adams
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Pesaro to parents who were both musicians (his father a trumpeter, his mother a singer), Rossini began to compose by the age of 12 and was educated at music school in Bologna."
}
] |
D6cuB35mdgJmKEOeAmzB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Pesaro to parents who were both musicians (his father a trumpeter, his mother a singer), Rossini began to compose by the age of 12 and was educated at music school in Bologna."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Rossini was born in 1792 in Pesaro, a town on the Adriatic coast of Italy that was then part of the Papal States."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Sins of old age: 1855–1868",
"text": "In the same year Rossini was made a grand officer of the Legion of Honour by Napoleon III.After a short illness, and an unsuccessful operation to treat colorectal cancer, Rossini died at Passy on 13 November 1868 at the age of seventy-six."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Rossini and his parents concluded that his future lay in composing operas."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Vienna and London: 1820–1824",
"text": "It was premiered in February 1823, his last work for the Italian theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "The great success in Venice of the premieres of both Tancredi and the comic opera L'italiana in Algeri within a few weeks of each other (6 February 1813 and 22 May 1813 respectively) set the seal on Rossini's reputation as the rising opera composer of his generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "The city, which was the cradle of the operas of Cimarosa and Paisiello, had been slow to acknowledge the composer from Pesaro, but Domenico Barbaia invited him in 1815 on a seven-year contract to manage his theatres and compose operas."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Withdrawal, 1830–1868",
"text": "I was born for opera buffa, as you know well."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy",
"text": "Since 1980 the \"Fondazione\" has supported the annual Rossini Opera Festival in Pesaro."
}
] |
Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer born in Pesaro to parents who were both musicians, who gained fame for his 39 operas.
| 0 | 0 |
Gioachino Rossini
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "During his September 2017 AMA on Reddit, MacFarlane revealed that he hadn't written for the show since 2010, focusing instead on production and voice acting."
}
] |
D6nRQLCXNgxZnrIOA3Xl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Family Guy is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company that debuted on January 31, 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "The show's initial writers had never written for an animated show; and most came from live-action sitcoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Awards",
"text": "British newspaper The Times rated Family Guy as the 45th-best American show in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman left the show and went on to create the long-running and still ongoing adult animated series American Dad!"
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise | Film",
"text": "In July 2019, Seth MacFarlane confirmed that there will be a Family Guy movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "MacFarlane noted that he then wanted to pitch it to Fox, as he thought that that was the place to create a prime-time animation show."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "MacFarlane drew inspiration from several sitcoms such as The Simpsons and All in the Family."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "According to MacFarlane, in 2009, it cost about $2 million to make an episode of Family Guy."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise | Video games",
"text": "Animation Throwdown: The Quest For Cards, a card game with content and characters from five animated television shows from Fox – Family Guy, Futurama, American Dad!, Bob's Burgers and King of the Hill – was released in 2016 by Kongregate."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise | Spin-off",
"text": "MacFarlane co-created—alongside Mike Henry and Richard Appel—the Family Guy spin-off The Cleveland Show, which premiered September 27, 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "During his September 2017 AMA on Reddit, MacFarlane revealed that he hadn't written for the show since 2010, focusing instead on production and voice acting."
}
] |
Family Guy is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, although he hasn't written for the show since 2009.
| 0 | 0 |
Family Guy
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Productions for French television were filmed in 1971, 1975, 1980, 1983 and 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Taped in a television studio without an audience, it originated at the Circle in the Square Theatre in New York in 1977, but with a slightly different cast – John Wood played Tartuffe in the Broadway version, and Madame Pernelle was played by Mildred Dunnock in that same production."
}
] |
D7CTeXllAOLK2ytJiBRU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Gérard Depardieu directed and starred in the title role of Le tartuffe, the 1984 French film version."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The 2007 French film Molière contains many references, both direct and indirect, to Tartuffe, the most notable of which is that the character of Molière masquerades as a priest and calls himself \"Tartuffe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The end of the film implies that Molière went on to write Tartuffe based on his experiences in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "The anonymous author sought to defend the play to the public by describing the plot in detail and then rebutting two common arguments made for why the play was banned."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Modern productions",
"text": "In May 2014, the play was performed at the Ateliers Berthier theater in Paris, France."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Productions for French television were filmed in 1971, 1975, 1980, 1983 and 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "The first being that religion was not meant to be discussed in theaters; the second being that Tartuffe's actions on stage followed by his pious speech would make the audience think that they were to act as Tartuffe did."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The film Herr Tartüff was produced by Ufa in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Modern productions",
"text": "Charles Randolph-Wright staged a production of Tartuffe, July 1999, at American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, which was set among affluent African Americans of Durham, N.C., in the '50s."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Although public performances of the play were banned, private performances for the French aristocracy were permitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Taped in a television studio without an audience, it originated at the Circle in the Square Theatre in New York in 1977, but with a slightly different cast – John Wood played Tartuffe in the Broadway version, and Madame Pernelle was played by Mildred Dunnock in that same production."
}
] |
Tartuffe, the French comedic stage play, has been made into a cinematic film for theater release.
| 0 | 0 |
Tartuffe
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Brouthers was born in Sylvan Lake, New York, to Michael and Annie Brooder, Catholic immigrants from Ireland; upon arriving in New York, Michael Brooder had been recruited to Dutchess County to work in open pit iron mines in the town of Beekman."
}
] |
D7LYFUwlLCZ5xAb3N1si
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dennis Joseph \"Dan\" Brouthers (; May 8, 1858 – August 2, 1932) was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball whose career spanned the period from 1879 to 1896, with a brief return in 1904."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Big Dan\" for his size, he was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) and weighed 207 pounds (94 kg), which was large by 19th-century standards."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Brouthers may have been named after Saint Denis, as a local Catholic church by that name was founded in the same year.:4 Brouthers had siblings named Martin, Ellen and Margaret.:4–5"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The 19-year-old Brouthers was cleared of any wrongdoing by the authorities."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Detroit and The Brotherhood",
"text": "Brouthers was then purchased by the Boston Beaneaters of the NL on October 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "Brouthers is still among the all-time leaders in many offensive categories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brouthers was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Troy",
"text": "Brouthers lost 16–0, and within two weeks he was released from the club."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The spelling of the family's name gradually shifted from Brooder to Bruder to Brouthers by 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Detroit and The Brotherhood",
"text": "Brouthers' numbers declined as well, as he did not produce at the same level of his previous seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Brouthers was born in Sylvan Lake, New York, to Michael and Annie Brooder, Catholic immigrants from Ireland; upon arriving in New York, Michael Brooder had been recruited to Dutchess County to work in open pit iron mines in the town of Beekman."
}
] |
Dan Brouthers is from Massachusetts.
| 1 | 3 |
Dan Brouthers
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "On July 18, 2018, Governor Andrew Cuomo proclaimed the date to be Billy Joel Day in New York state to mark his 100th performance at Madison Square Garden"
}
] |
D7OCy4c1sxgtIGfjZTpP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "On January 7, 2014, the Billy Joel in Concert tour began."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "He has also sponsored the Billy Joel Visiting Composer Series at Syracuse University."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Billy Joel has a half-brother, Alexander Joel, born to his father in Europe, who became a classical conductor there."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1988–1993: Storm Front and River of Dreams",
"text": "A radio remix version of \"All About Soul\" can be found on The Essential Billy Joel (2001), and a demo version appears on My Lives (2005)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "On July 18, 2018, Governor Andrew Cuomo proclaimed the date to be Billy Joel Day in New York state to mark his 100th performance at Madison Square Garden"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Billy Joel's parents met in the late-1930s at City College of New York at a Gilbert and Sullivan performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1977: Streetlife Serenade and Turnstiles",
"text": "'n' Roll all-star album. Disenchanted with Los Angeles, Joel returned to New York City in 1975 and recorded Turnstiles, the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "His mood was light, and joke-filled, even introducing himself as \"Billy Joel's dad\" and stating \"you guys overpaid to see a fat bald guy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1977–1979: The Stranger and 52nd Street",
"text": "All-Stars, Billy Swan, Bonnie Bramlett, Mike Finnegan, Weather Report, and an array of Cuban artists such as Irakere, Pacho Alonso, Tata Güines and Orquesta Aragón."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "On January 3 of that year, news was leaked to the New York Post that Billy had recorded a new song with lyrics—this being the first new song with lyrics he'd written in almost 14 years."
}
] |
There's a real holiday devoted to Billy Joel in the Northeast.
| 3 | 6 |
Billy Joel
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Future | Sequel",
"text": "Yahya Abdul-Mateen II told Uproxx that he will reprise his role as Black Manta for the sequel."
}
] |
D7Wyb8BhUvSyu9TglnzJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aquaman is a 2018 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "The same month, character posters were released for Aquaman, Mera, Black Manta, Ocean Master, King Nereus, Queen Atlanna and Nuidis Vulko."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "On January 31, 2017, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II was added to the cast as Black Manta, Aquaman's archenemy in the comics."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Almost two weeks later, Michael Beach, who voiced Devil Ray, a character loosely based on Black Manta in Justice League Unlimited, was cast as Black Manta's father."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Geoff Johns told Variety that Aquaman was a priority character."
},
{
"section_header": "Future | Sequel",
"text": "Yahya Abdul-Mateen II told Uproxx that he will reprise his role as Black Manta for the sequel."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Visual effects",
"text": "The main sequences produced by them were the lighthouse and its surrounding environment, the “Aquaman” title card that follows the Boston aquarium, Aquaman pushing the submarine to the surface and rescuing the sailors inside, Orm's tidal wave that sweeps away Arthur and Tom, including the rescue and aftermath, Black Manta being paid by Orm for the submarine's delivery, and Arthur and Mera's visit to the Kingdom of the Trench."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "An armored David rechristens himself as Black Manta and ambushes Arthur and Mera in Sicily, grievously injuring Arthur before he is thrown off a cliff."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Warner chairman and CEO Barry Meyer said that an Aquaman film was in development."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Their leader, Jesse Kane, is killed in a failed attempt to kill Arthur, and his son David vows revenge."
}
] |
Aquaman is a superhero film where the Black Manta character was killed by his archenemy Aquaman.
| 3 | 5 |
Aquaman (film)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Anderson began his playing career with the Santa Barbara Dodgers of the Class-C California League, where he was primarily used as a shortstop."
}
] |
D7fq5HAZ47AitMHLoqR8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "During this time, Anderson became known as \"Captain Hook\" for his penchant for taking out a starting pitcher at the first sign of weakness and going to his bullpen, relying heavily on closers Will McEnaney and Rawly Eastwick."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2006, construction was completed on the \"Sparky Anderson Baseball Field\" at California Lutheran University's new athletic complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Anderson had used his influence to attract notable players to the university baseball team, and he was also awarded the Laundry Medal by the university for being \"an inspiration to youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Lee \"Sparky\" Anderson (February 22, 1934 – November 4, 2010) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) player, coach, and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Minor leagues",
"text": "It was during the 1966 season that Anderson's club lost to Miami 4–3 in 29 innings, which remains the longest pro game played (by innings) without interruption."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "This came a month after being hired in Detroit when, as a result of Disco Demolition Night in Chicago, the second half of a doubleheader with the Chicago White Sox had to be called off after an anti-disco demonstration went awry and severely damaged the playing surface at Comiskey Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "When American League officials initially made plans to postpone the game until the next afternoon, Anderson demanded that the game be forfeited to the Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Honors",
"text": "They officially retired his No. 11 on the brick wall at Comerica Park on June 26, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Media appearances",
"text": "The episode (titled \"Sparky\"), features Anderson as a talk-show host on the fictional station."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Anderson moved on to the young Detroit Tigers after being hired as their new manager on June 14, 1979."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Anderson began his playing career with the Santa Barbara Dodgers of the Class-C California League, where he was primarily used as a shortstop."
}
] |
Sparky Anderson got his start in baseball by being a relief pitcher before there was an official position called that.
| 0 | 0 |
Sparky Anderson
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "On Golden Pond, which also starred four-time Oscar winner Katharine Hepburn, brought Henry Fonda his only Academy Award for Best Actor, which Jane accepted on his behalf, as he was ill and could not leave home."
}
] |
D7hV14R6op6TQ1syfpTu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "I was taught by my father [actor Henry Fonda]"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "In 1982, Fonda released her first exercise video, titled Jane Fonda's Workout, inspired by her best-selling book, Jane Fonda's Workout Book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1982, she released her first exercise video, Jane Fonda's Workout, which became the highest-selling VHS of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "The father-daughter rift depicted on screen closely paralleled the real-life relationship between the two Fondas; they eventually became the first father-daughter duo to earn Oscar nominations (Jane earned her first Best Supporting Actress Oscar nomination) for their roles in the same film."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "Jane Fonda's Workout became the highest selling home video of the next few years, selling over a million copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "On Golden Pond, which also starred four-time Oscar winner Katharine Hepburn, brought Henry Fonda his only Academy Award for Best Actor, which Jane accepted on his behalf, as he was ill and could not leave home."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Return and new career prospects (2005–present)",
"text": "She also appeared in Fathers and Daughters (2015) with Russell Crowe."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "Fonda's autobiography was well received by book critics and noted to be \"as beguiling and as maddening as Jane Fonda herself\" in its review in The Washington Post, calling her a \"beautiful bundle of contradictions\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Career beginnings (1950s–1962)",
"text": "Fonda said, \"I went to the Actors Studio and Lee Strasberg told me I had talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Resurgence and critical acclaim (1970–1979)",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also praised Fonda's performance, even suggesting that the film should have been titled Bree after her character: \"What is it about Jane Fonda that makes her such a fascinating actress to watch?"
}
] |
Jane Fonda's father was an actor.
| 1 | 2 |
Jane Fonda
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Angkor Wat (; Khmer: អង្គរវត្ត, \"City/Capital of Temples\") is a temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world, on a site measuring 162.6 hectares (1,626,000 m2; 402 acres)."
}
] |
D8Q8luSg6ojaJKWDnahV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Restoration and conservation",
"text": "Between 1986 and 1992, the Archaeological Survey of India carried out restoration work on the temple, as France did not recognise the Cambodian government at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A depiction of Angkor Wat has been a part of Cambodian national flags since the introduction of the first version circa 1863."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Tourism",
"text": "Wanting to avoid commercial and mass tourism, the seminars emphasised the importance of providing high quality accommodation and services in order for the Cambodian government to benefit economically, while also incorporating the richness of Cambodian culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Tourism",
"text": "The site was managed by the private SOKIMEX group between 1990 and 2016, which rented it from the Cambodian government."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Restoration and conservation",
"text": "Zoning of the area was set up to protect the Angkor site in 1994, APSARA was established in 1995 to protect and manage the area, and a law to protect Cambodian heritage was passed in 1996.A number of countries such as France, Japan and China are currently involved in various Angkor Wat conservation projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Tourism",
"text": "Tourism has also provided some additional funds for maintenance—as of 2000 approximately 28% of ticket revenues across the whole Angkor site was spent on the temples—although most work is carried out by teams sponsored by foreign governments rather than by the Cambodian authorities."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Restoration and conservation",
"text": "As with most other ancient temples in Cambodia, Angkor Wat has faced extensive damage and deterioration by a combination of plant overgrowth, fungi, ground movements, war damage and theft."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Angkor Wat combines two basic plans of Khmer temple architecture: the temple-mountain and the later galleried temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Restoration and conservation",
"text": "The war damage to Angkor Wat's temples however has been very limited, compared to the rest of Cambodia's temple ruins, and it has also received the most attentive restoration."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Tourism",
"text": "It has been noted that such high frequency of tourism and growing demand for quality accommodations in the area, such as the development of a large highway, has had a direct effect on the underground water table, subsequently straining the structural stability of the temples at Angkor Wat."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Angkor Wat (; Khmer: អង្គរវត្ត, \"City/Capital of Temples\") is a temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world, on a site measuring 162.6 hectares (1,626,000 m2; 402 acres)."
}
] |
Angkor Wat is a Cambodian compound of temples.
| 2 | 5 |
Angkor Wat
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Out of Africa won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Screenplay Adaptation."
}
] |
D8Qjs2lrwCAogIV18Abe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Shadows on the Grass",
"text": "Many of the people and the events from Out of Africa appear again on these pages."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The film is less a direct adaptation of the book than it is a love story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Out of Africa is a memoir by the Danish author Karen Blixen."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The new acquisitions included the site of the house which features so prominently in Out of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "He was, to judge by Blixen's correspondence as well as some passages from Out of Africa, the great love of her life."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Sydney Pollack directed a film adaptation in 1985, starring Meryl Streep, Robert Redford and Klaus Maria Brandauer."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and style",
"text": "Out of Africa is divided into five sections, most of which are non-linear and seem to reflect no particular chronology."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Europeans",
"text": "The other characters who populate Out of Africa are the Europeans – colonists as well as some of the wanderers who stopped in Kenya."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Africans",
"text": "She was admired in return by many of her African employees and acquaintances, who saw her as a thoughtful and wise figure, and turned to her for the resolution of many disputes and conflicts."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Conspicuously absent from the stories in Out of Africa is any explicit appearance by Blixen's husband, Bror von Blixen-Finecke."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Out of Africa won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Screenplay Adaptation."
}
] |
Out of Africa has earned many accolades in the film industry.
| 0 | 1 |
Out of Africa
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Commanded by Hong Xiuquan, the self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ, the goals of the Taipings were religious, nationalist, and political in nature; they sought the conversion of the Chinese people to the Taiping's syncretic version of Christianity, the overthrow of the ruling Manchus, and a wholesale transformation and reformation of the state."
}
] |
D98csyc8zuDHVuNcQgRj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military | Taiping forces",
"text": "However, after 1853 there ceased being many women in the Taiping army."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Middle years",
"text": "Shi Dakai's objection to the bloodshed led to his family and retinue being killed by Wei and Qin with Wei ultimately planning to imprison Hong."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Middle years",
"text": "Since the Taipings considered the Manchus to be demons, they first killed all the Manchu men, then forced the Manchu women outside the city and burned them to death."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Aftermath",
"text": "Their victims did not know where the bandits had come from and, when they plundered Buddhist temples, they were mistaken for Chinese Muslims from Yunnan called Hui in Mandarin and Haw in the Lao language (Thai: ฮ่อ,) which resulted in the protracted series of conflicts being misnamed the Haw wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's policies",
"text": "In religion, the Kingdom tried to replace Confucianism, Buddhism and Chinese folk religion with the Taiping's version of Christianity, God Worshipping, which held that Hong Xiuquan was the younger brother of Jesus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Commanded by Hong Xiuquan, the self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ, the goals of the Taipings were religious, nationalist, and political in nature; they sought the conversion of the Chinese people to the Taiping's syncretic version of Christianity, the overthrow of the ruling Manchus, and a wholesale transformation and reformation of the state."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "They often referred to it as the Hong-Yang Rebellion (洪杨之乱), referring to the two most prominent leaders, Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing, and it was also referred to dismissively as the Red Sheep Rebellion (红羊之乱) because \"Hong-Yang\" sounds like \"Red Sheep\" in Chinese."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Middle years",
"text": "He lived in luxury and had many women in his inner chamber, and often issued religious strictures."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "In 1843, after carefully reading a pamphlet he had received years before from a Protestant Christian missionary, Hong declared that he now understood that his vision meant that he was the younger brother of Jesus and that he had been sent to rid China of the \"devils\", including the corrupt Qing government and Confucian teachings."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "the title character is married to a man who lives in Jintian and the characters get caught up in the action."
}
] |
Hong Xiugan believed he was the brother of Pangu, who is considered to be the first living being in the universe in Chinese mythology.
| 0 | 2 |
Taiping Rebellion
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Charles \"Whitey\" Ford (born October 21, 1928), nicknamed \"The Chairman of the Board\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played his entire 16-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the New York Yankees."
}
] |
D9aXdR1eDdA9QiviBPfJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "While still in the minor leagues, he was nicknamed \"Whitey\" for his light blond hair."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Career statistics",
"text": "During the 16 years that Ford played for the Yankees (1950 and 1953–1967), his .690 winning percentage outpaced that of the Yankees, who had a record of 1,486–1,027 (.594) during the same years, and who were 1,027–106 (.576) for games in which Ford did not earn a decision."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career",
"text": "He was also known as \"Slick,\" a nickname given to him, Billy Martin and Mickey Mantle by manager Casey Stengel, who called them Whiskey Slicks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Charles \"Whitey\" Ford (born October 21, 1928), nicknamed \"The Chairman of the Board\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played his entire 16-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "Ford was born in Manhattan (66th St)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "Ford ended his career in declining health."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | World Series and All-Star Games",
"text": "Ford won the 1961 World Series MVP."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "Ford wore number 19 in his rookie season."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | World Series and All-Star Games",
"text": "In the 1960 World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates, Stengel altered this strategy by holding Ford back until Game 3, a decision that angered Ford."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "\"I'm sorry, Willie, but I had to throw you a spitter,\" Ford replied."
}
] |
Whitney Ford had the same nickname as Frank Sinatra.
| 2 | 4 |
Whitey Ford
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became a United States citizen on August 27, 1943."
}
] |
D9i1WqHFk7fvkqI4Jp58
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kurt Julian Weill (March 2, 1900 – April 3, 1950) was a German composer, active from the 1920s in his native country, and in his later years in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became a United States citizen on August 27, 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Paris and New York",
"text": "A production of his operetta Der Kuhhandel (A Kingdom for a Cow) took him to London in 1935, and later that year he went to the United States in connection with The Eternal Road, a \"Biblical Drama\" by Franz Werfel that had been commissioned by members of New York's Jewish community and was premiered in 1937 at the Manhattan Opera House, running for 153 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Paris and New York",
"text": "Weill became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1943.Weill had ideals of writing music that served a socially useful purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "The following years he composed numerous Lieder to the lyrics of poets such as Joseph von Eichendorff, Arno Holz, and Anna Ritter, as well as a cycle of five songs titled Ofrahs Lieder to a German translation of a text by Yehuda Halevi."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Concert works | Lieder, Lieder cycles, songs and chansons",
"text": "slow-fox, text: Kurt Weill; composed for the exhibition"
},
{
"section_header": "Kurt Weill Centre",
"text": "The Kurt Weil Centre (German:Kurt-Weill-Zentrum) in Dessau was founded in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Success in the 1920s and early 1930s",
"text": "Weill's music was admired by composers such as Alban Berg, Alexander von Zemlinsky, Darius Milhaud and Stravinsky, but it was also criticised by others: by Schoenberg, who later revised his opinion, and by Anton Webern."
},
{
"section_header": "Success in the 1920s and early 1930s",
"text": "Weill's working association with Brecht, although successful, came to an end over politics in 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Kurt Weill Centre",
"text": "The centre is one of the \"Beacons of light\" of the Konferenz Nationaler Kultureinrichtungen (Conference of National Cultural Institutions), a union of cultural institutions in the new states of Germany i.e. area that was formerly East Germany."
}
] |
Kurt Weill was a German composer, active from the 1920s in his native country, and in his later years in the United States although he was denied citizenship in 1943.
| 0 | 0 |
Kurt Weill
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family and later years",
"text": "Manush was married, and he and his wife Betty had three daughters,Shirley who died at age 58 in 1987; Lillis, who also died in 1987 at age 56 and Sue McCaw, who lived in Florida and turned 76 in 2009."
}
] |
D9phDqwE4AV23B8pVYJS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Washington Senators",
"text": "Manush had only two hits and two walks, though he also scored two runs, in 20 plate appearances during the 1933 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He was one of eight children in the family, seven boys and one girl."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and later years",
"text": "He was interred next to his wife Betty at Sarasota Memorial Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and later years",
"text": "His wife died in June 1949 at age 46 after undergoing an operation at Harper Hospital in Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "In a 1964 interview, Manush cited his beating Ruth on the last day of the 1926 season as one of two events in his career (the other was playing in the 1933 World Series) that most stood out for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Washington Senators",
"text": "Manush was so angry at the call that he had pulled on Moran's rubber bow tie: I didn't lay a hand on Moran, but I did grab that bow tie and pulled it two feet away from his neck"
},
{
"section_header": "Family and later years",
"text": "Manush was married, and he and his wife Betty had three daughters,Shirley who died at age 58 in 1987; Lillis, who also died in 1987 at age 56 and Sue McCaw, who lived in Florida and turned 76 in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Hall of Fame and legacy",
"text": "\" In the dining car, O'Brien continues even as he orders, \"Filet mignon that's for me, filet mignon that's for me, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush, filet mignon, medium rare, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Washington Senators",
"text": "After the game, baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis opined that Manush should not have been ejected and ruled that Manush would be permitted to play the next day."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "After Manush slumped in 1925, Heilmann, who had a talent for placing his hits, \"took Manush in tow and taught him some tricks.\" After Heilmann's lessons, Manush developed a talent for dropping hits over second base between the left and center fielders."
}
] |
Manush had two children with his wife.
| 0 | 1 |
Heinie Manush
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of the war in Europe."
}
] |
DBPwyQzbt6FVqUovZTRz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Additionally, the Military/American Heroes TV series Greatest Tank Battles featured an episode on the Battle of the Bulge as \"The Battle of the Bulge: S.S. Panzers Attack!\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Casualties",
"text": "The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest battle for U.S. forces in World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Television : The battle was the subject of the PBS American Experience episode, \"The Battle of the Bulge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Result",
"text": "The phrase \"Battle of the Bulge\" was coined by contemporary press to describe the bulge in German front lines on wartime news maps, and it became the most widely used name for the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Operation names",
"text": "The phrase Battle of the Bulge was coined by contemporary press to describe the way the Allied front line bulged inward on wartime news maps."
},
{
"section_header": "Result",
"text": "Because of troop shortages during the Battle of the Bulge, Eisenhower decided to integrate the service for the first time."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle credit",
"text": "The citation covered troops in the Ardennes sector where the main battle took place, as well as units further south in the Alsace sector, including those in the northern Alsace who filled in the vacuum created by the U.S. Third Army racing north, engaged in the concurrent Operation Nordwind diversion in central and southern Alsace launched to weaken Allied response in the Ardennes, and provided reinforcements to units fighting in the Ardennes."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Video game: Battlefield 1942, Battlefield V by EA Games feature the Battle of the Bulge between American and German forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The \"Bulge\" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States in World War II and the third-deadliest campaign in American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategy and leadership | Montgomery's actions",
"text": "The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill found it necessary in a speech to Parliament to explicitly state that the Battle of the Bulge was purely an American victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of the war in Europe."
}
] |
The Battle of the Bulge was launched in Germany.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of the Bulge
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Duffy was born in Cranston, Rhode Island to Irish immigrant Michael Duffy and wife Margaret Duffy."
}
] |
DBiqyhTlpkpoMPEYdGug
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hugh Duffy (November 26, 1866 – October 19, 1954) was an American outfielder and manager in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Duffy's wife Nora died the previous year; they did not have children."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Duffy's .440 average is the major league single-season batting average record."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "During Duffy's three seasons, Providence finished in third place, second place and third place, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Duffy was born in Cranston, Rhode Island to Irish immigrant Michael Duffy and wife Margaret Duffy."
}
] |
Hugh Duffy's parents were from Ireland.
| 0 | 3 |
Hugh Duffy
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–1999: Breakthrough with Selena and On the 6",
"text": "Cast as a deputy federal marshal who falls for a charming criminal, Lopez won rave reviews for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–1999: Breakthrough with Selena and On the 6",
"text": "In June 1998, Lopez starred opposite George Clooney in Out of Sight, Steven Soderbergh's adaptation of Elmore Leonard's novel of the same name."
}
] |
DBkHMqKJ9fGQlyi9K4aq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–1999: Breakthrough with Selena and On the 6",
"text": "In February 1997, Lopez starred alongside Jack Nicholson and Stephen Dorff in the neo-noir thriller Blood and Wine."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2003–2005: Gigli, continued film success and Rebirth",
"text": "The film's marketing played up Lopez's \"Gigli-and-tabloid tarnished image\", and it became a box office success."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–2017: Television ventures and residency show",
"text": "Despite this, it became her most successful opening at the box office for a live action film since Monster-in-Law, and ultimately grossed over $53 million at the global box office, against a production budget of $4 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2002: Film success, J.Lo and This Is Me... Then",
"text": "It was followed by the single \"Play\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shall We Dance? (2004) and Monster-in-Law (2005)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1986–1996: Career beginnings and early roles",
"text": "After she finished filming her role in the film, Lopez realized that she wanted to become a \"famous movie star\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2009: Como Ama una Mujer and career setbacks",
"text": "In the film, Lavoe is portrayed by then-husband Marc Anthony while Lopez plays Lavoe's wife Puchi."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2013: Career rejuvenation with American Idol and Love?",
"text": "In May, Lopez was announced as the chief creative officer of nuvoTV."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2013: Career rejuvenation with American Idol and Love?",
"text": "In January 2013, Lopez starred alongside Jason Statham in the crime thriller Parker, in which she played Leslie."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–present: Hustlers and Super Bowl LIV halftime show",
"text": "The film also gave Lopez her highest opening weekend at the box office for a live action film (grossing $33.2 million), and garnered her nominations for Best Supporting Actress at the Golden Globe Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards, Critics' Choice Movie Awards and Independent Spirit Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–1999: Breakthrough with Selena and On the 6",
"text": "Cast as a deputy federal marshal who falls for a charming criminal, Lopez won rave reviews for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–1999: Breakthrough with Selena and On the 6",
"text": "In June 1998, Lopez starred opposite George Clooney in Out of Sight, Steven Soderbergh's adaptation of Elmore Leonard's novel of the same name."
}
] |
Jennifer Lopez once played a law enforcement officer in a movie with Stephen Dorff.
| 3 | 6 |
Jennifer Lopez
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Later responses",
"text": "In the first half of the 20th century, Middlemarch continued to provoke contrasting responses; while Leslie Stephen dismissed the novel in 1902, his daughter Virginia Woolf described it in 1919 as \"the magnificent book that, with all its imperfections, is one of the few English novels written for grown-up people.\" However, Woolf was \"virtually unique\" among the modernists in her unstinting praise for Middlemarch, and the novel also remained overlooked by the reading public of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "Although finding merit in certain scenes and qualities, she faulted its structure as \"made up of a succession of unconnected chapters, following each other at random.... The final effect is one of an incoherence which nothing can justify."
}
] |
DBndPeUlSCLB8wvrlToF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Later responses",
"text": "The novelists Martin Amis and Julian Barnes have both called it probably the greatest novel in the English language, and today Middlemarch is frequently included in university courses."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Later responses",
"text": "Leavis' appraisal of it has been hailed as the beginning of a critical consensus that still exists towards the novel, in which it is recognised not only as Eliot's finest work, but as one of the greatest novels in English."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Later responses",
"text": "In the first half of the 20th century, Middlemarch continued to provoke contrasting responses; while Leslie Stephen dismissed the novel in 1902, his daughter Virginia Woolf described it in 1919 as \"the magnificent book that, with all its imperfections, is one of the few English novels written for grown-up people.\" However, Woolf was \"virtually unique\" among the modernists in her unstinting praise for Middlemarch, and the novel also remained overlooked by the reading public of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "With the deaths of Thackeray and Dickens in 1863 and 1870, respectively, Eliot became \"recognised as the greatest living English novelist\" at the time of the novel's final publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "Middlemarch was \"at once one of the strongest and one of the weakest of English novels\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Later responses",
"text": "In 2015, in a BBC Culture poll of book critics outside the UK, the novel was ranked at number one in \"The 100 greatest British novels\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": ", Middlemarch gained immediate admirers: in 1873, the poet Emily Dickinson expressed high praise for the novel, exclaiming in a letter to a friend: \"What do I think of Middlemarch?"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Later responses",
"text": "The novel has remained a favourite with readers and scores high in reader rankings: in 2003 it was No. 27 in the BBC's The Big Read, and in 2007 it was No. 10 in \"The 10 Greatest Books of All Time\", based on a ballot of 125 selected writers."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "The scenes between Lydgate and Rosamond he especially praised for their psychological depth – he doubted whether there were any scenes \"more powerfully real... [or] intelligent\" in all English fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical novel",
"text": "\"The critic Rosemary Ashton notes that the lack of attention to this side of the novel may indicate its merits: \"Middlemarch is that very rare thing, a successful historical novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "Although finding merit in certain scenes and qualities, she faulted its structure as \"made up of a succession of unconnected chapters, following each other at random.... The final effect is one of an incoherence which nothing can justify."
}
] |
Critics of the time universally praised Middlemarch, with some marking it as the greatest novel in English.
| 0 | 0 |
Middlemarch
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "At the age of twelve, Weill started taking piano lessons and made his first attempts at writing music; his earliest preserved composition was written in 1913 and is titled Mi Addir: Jewish Wedding Song."
}
] |
DBnsMSrnwPeKxGTFNQo8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kurt Julian Weill (March 2, 1900 – April 3, 1950) was a German composer, active from the 1920s in his native country, and in his later years in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "In 1915, Weill started taking private lessons with Albert Bing, Kapellmeister at the \"Herzogliches Hoftheater zu Dessau\", who taught him piano, composition, music theory, and conducting."
},
{
"section_header": "Kurt Weill Centre",
"text": "The Kurt Weil Centre (German:Kurt-Weill-Zentrum) in Dessau was founded in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "At the age of twelve, Weill started taking piano lessons and made his first attempts at writing music; his earliest preserved composition was written in 1913 and is titled Mi Addir: Jewish Wedding Song."
},
{
"section_header": "Studies with Busoni",
"text": "During his first year he composed his first symphony, Sinfonie in einem Satz, as well as the lieder Die Bekehrte (Goethe) and two Rilkelieder for voice and piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Kurt Weill Centre",
"text": "The centre, with its collection of material on Weill, is listed as a cultural memorial of national importance."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Weill graduated with an Abitur from the Oberrealschule of Dessau in 1918, and enrolled at the Berliner Hochschule für Musik at the age of 18, where he studied composition with Engelbert Humperdinck, conducting with Rudolf Krasselt, and counterpoint with Friedrich E. Koch, and also attended philosophy lectures by Max Dessoir and Ernst Cassirer."
},
{
"section_header": "Paris and New York",
"text": "They rented an old house with Paul Green during the summer of 1936 near Pine Brook Country Club in Nichols, Connecticut, the summer home of the Group Theatre, while finishing Johnny Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Weill performed publicly on piano for the first time in 1915, both as an accompanist and soloist."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In 1991, the seminal Swiss industrial band The Young Gods released their album of Kurt Weill songs, The Young Gods Play Kurt Weill."
}
] |
Kurt Julian Weill was enrolled in piano lessons when he turned 7 years old.
| 2 | 2 |
Kurt Weill
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ancient versions | European versions | Rhodopis",
"text": "The story is first recorded by the Greek geographer Strabo in his Geographica (book 17, 33), The eagle snatched one of her sandals from her maid and carried it to Memphis; and while the king was administering justice in the open air, the eagle, when it arrived above his head, flung the sandal into his lap; and the king, stirred both by the beautiful shape of the sandal and by the strangeness of the occurrence, sent men in all directions into the country in quest of the woman who wore the sandal; and when she was found in the city of Naucratis, she was brought up to Memphis, became the wife of the king ... The same story is also later reported by the Roman orator Aelian (ca."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient versions | European versions | Rhodopis",
"text": "Aelian's story closely resembles the story told by Strabo, but adds that the name of the pharaoh in question was Psammetichus."
}
] |
DBp9haMbeRujQG3uwNln
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Cinderella\", or \"The Little Glass Slipper\", is a folk tale embodying an element of unjust oppression and triumphant reward."
},
{
"section_header": "Works based on the Cinderella story | Theatre",
"text": "Or the Lover, the Lackey, and the Little Glass Slipper."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient versions | European versions | Rhodopis",
"text": "Aelian's story closely resembles the story told by Strabo, but adds that the name of the pharaoh in question was Psammetichus."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot variations and alternative tellings | The Revelation",
"text": "In many variants of the tale, the prince is told that Cinderella can not possibly be the one, as she is too dirty and ragged."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary versions",
"text": "contes du temps passé (1697), and by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms' Fairy Tales (1812)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "du temps passé in 1697. Another version was later published by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms' Fairy Tales in 1812."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot variations and alternative tellings",
"text": "Joseph Jacobs has attempted to reconstruct the original tale as The Cinder Maid by comparing the common features among hundreds of variants collected across Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient versions | European versions | Rhodopis",
"text": "The story is first recorded by the Greek geographer Strabo in his Geographica (book 17, 33), The eagle snatched one of her sandals from her maid and carried it to Memphis; and while the king was administering justice in the open air, the eagle, when it arrived above his head, flung the sandal into his lap; and the king, stirred both by the beautiful shape of the sandal and by the strangeness of the occurrence, sent men in all directions into the country in quest of the woman who wore the sandal; and when she was found in the city of Naucratis, she was brought up to Memphis, became the wife of the king ... The same story is also later reported by the Roman orator Aelian (ca."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary versions | Cendrillon ou la petite pantoufle de verre, by Perrault",
"text": "The popularity of his tale was due to his additions to the story, including the pumpkin, the fairy-godmother and the introduction of \"glass\" slippers."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary versions | Cenerentola, by Basile",
"text": "Giambattista Basile, an Italian soldier and government official, assembled a set of oral folk tales into a written collection titled Lo cunto de li cunti (The Story of Stories), or Pentamerone."
}
] |
"Cinderella", or "The Little Glass Slipper", is a folk tale originally told in Rome and Greece about an eagle and a Pharaoh and a King.
| 0 | 0 |
Cinderella
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Nielsen was born on 9 June 1865, the seventh of twelve children in a poor peasant family, at Sortelung near Nørre Lyndelse, south of Odense on the island of Funen."
}
] |
DBt0OZ6CWlZFkXt0fQWA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Final years and death",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen Monument was finally unveiled in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen Museum in Odense documents his life and that of his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In his home country, the Carl Nielsen Museum, in Odense, is dedicated to Nielsen and his wife, Anne Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Work carried out by the recently published complete Carl Nielsen Edition"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen International Competition commenced in the 1970s under the auspices of the Odense Symphony Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and children",
"text": "He had already fathered a son, Carl August Nielsen, in January 1888, before he met Anne Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Robert Simpson's book Carl Nielsen, Symphonist (first edition 1952) was the earliest large-scale study in English."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Studies and early career",
"text": "In 1881, Nielsen began to take his violin playing more seriously, studying privately under Carl Larsen, the sexton at Odense Cathedral."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Keyboard works",
"text": "Nielsen's own piano technique, an echo of which is probably preserved in three wax cylinders marked \"Carl Nielsen\" at the State Archives in Aarhus, seems to have been mediocre."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Editions",
"text": "Between 1994 and 2009 a complete new edition of Nielsen's works, the Carl Nielsen Edition, was commissioned by the Danish Government (at a cost of over 40 million kroner)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Nielsen was born on 9 June 1865, the seventh of twelve children in a poor peasant family, at Sortelung near Nørre Lyndelse, south of Odense on the island of Funen."
}
] |
Carl Nielsen had eleven brothers and sisters.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Nielsen
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building's Art Deco architecture, height, and observation decks have made it a popular attraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Exterior",
"text": "The modernistic, stainless steel canopies of the entrances on 33rd and 34th Streets lead to two-story-high corridors around the elevator core, crossed by stainless steel and glass-enclosed bridges at the second-floor level."
}
] |
DBvOqaWIX6oBnXP11fFR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Exterior",
"text": "The Empire State Building's art deco design is typical of pre–World War II architecture in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building's Art Deco architecture, height, and observation decks have made it a popular attraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Tenants enter the building through the Art Deco lobby located at 350 Fifth Avenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The remaining 16 stories are part of the Art Deco spire, which is capped by an observatory on the 102nd floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Interior | Lobby",
"text": "Until the 1960s, an art deco mural, inspired by both the sky and the Machine Age, was installed in the lobby ceilings."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Exterior",
"text": "The modernistic, stainless steel canopies of the entrances on 33rd and 34th Streets lead to two-story-high corridors around the elevator core, crossed by stainless steel and glass-enclosed bridges at the second-floor level."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Steel structure",
"text": "While construction progressed, the final designs for the floors were being designed from the ground up (as opposed to the general design, which had been from the roof down)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Steel structure",
"text": "The 57,480 short tons (51,320 long tons) of steel ordered for the project was the largest-ever single order of steel at the time, comprising more steel than was ordered for the Chrysler Building and 40 Wall Street combined."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Steel structure",
"text": "By June 20, the skyscraper's supporting steel structure had risen to the 26th floor, and by July 27, half of the steel structure had been completed."
}
] |
it is art deco design with steel and glass-enclosed bridges.
| 4 | 7 |
Empire State Building
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "Henry's wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine was in fact beautiful, brilliant and superbly educated, famous for her wit, charm and daring."
}
] |
DC4cslB7kQO3pXO4qnV2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background and production",
"text": "Peter O'Toole went on to play King Henry II once more in The Lion in Winter (1968) with Katharine Hepburn as Queen Eleanor."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "Also, the film shows Henry and Eleanor as having four children, all boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Richard Burton as Thomas Becket and Peter O'Toole as King Henry II, with John Gielgud as King Louis VII, Donald Wolfit as Gilbert Foliot, Paolo Stoppa as Pope Alexander III, Martita Hunt as Empress Matilda, Pamela Brown as Queen Eleanor, Siân Phillips, Felix Aylmer, Gino Cervi, David Weston and Wilfrid Lawson."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "This foments great resentment on the part of Henry's Norman noblemen, who distrust and envy this Saxon upstart, as well as the queen and Henry's mother, who see Becket as an unnatural and unseemly influence upon the royal personage."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "She is shown publicly rebuking Henry in a scene near the end of the film, when in fact Eleanor, whatever private reservations she may have had, is not known to have ever behaved in such a manner in public."
},
{
"section_header": "Preservation",
"text": "The Academy Film Archive preserved Becket in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The remainder of the film shows Henry rapidly sinking into drunken fixation over Becket and his perceived betrayal."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "In truth Henry and Eleanor had eight children, five sons and three daughters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Becket is a 1964 British-American film about the historic, tumultuous relationship between Henry II of England and his friend"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "There are comical fights between Henry and his frumpy consort, Eleanor of Aquitaine, his dimwitted son/heir apparent, and his cold-blooded mother, who repeatedly reminds her son that his father would have quickly had someone like Becket done away with for the sake of the realm."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "Henry's wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine was in fact beautiful, brilliant and superbly educated, famous for her wit, charm and daring."
}
] |
Unlike in the film Becket, in real life Queen Eleanor was simple-minded.
| 0 | 0 |
Becket (1964 film)
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atahualpa became Inca emperor in May 1532 after he had defeated and imprisoned Huáscar and massacred any pretenders to the throne."
}
] |
DCJgA5AV4P7M9ZbhjEGx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While imprisoned by the Spaniards, Atahualpa gave orders to kill Huáscar in Jauja, thinking Huáscar would use the Spaniards as allies to regain his throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atahualpa became Inca emperor in May 1532 after he had defeated and imprisoned Huáscar and massacred any pretenders to the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Inca Civil War",
"text": "Furious at the prophecy, Atahualpa went to the sanctuary, killed the priest, and ordered the temple to be destroyed."
},
{
"section_header": "Spanish conquest",
"text": "Not a single Spanish soldier was killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Spanish conquest",
"text": "Pizarro led the charge on Atahualpa, but captured him only after killing all those carrying him and turning over his litter."
},
{
"section_header": "Inca Civil War",
"text": "They captured Atoc, and later tortured and killed him."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Inkarri",
"text": "A rare version recorded by Tom Dillehay among the Mapuche of Araucanía tells of Atahualpa killing Pedro de Valdivia."
},
{
"section_header": "Inca Civil War",
"text": "Quizquiz and Chalkuchimac defeated Huáscar's army, captured him, killed his family, and seized the capital, Cuzco."
},
{
"section_header": "Spanish conquest",
"text": "At that moment, Pizarro gave the signal; the Spanish infantry and cavalry came out of their hiding places and charged the unsuspecting Inca retinue, killing a great number while the rest fled in panic."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In Quito, Ecuadorian Capital city, the most important soccer stadium is named Estadio Atahualpa after Atahualpa."
}
] |
Atahualpa killed anyone who threatened to challenge his throne.
| 3 | 5 |
Atahualpa
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927."
}
] |
DCe9GAU6kZp2FqRfmr5p
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "McClintock received the Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences of the American Philosophical Society in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | The origins of maize",
"text": "In 1957, McClintock received funding from the National Academy of Sciences to start research on indigenous strains of maize in Central America and South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "She studied botany, receiving a B.Sc in 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "In 1947, McClintock received the Achievement Award from the American Association of University Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2001, McClintock was the subject of a biography by the science"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She received the Louis and Bert Freedman Foundation Award and the Lewis S. Rosensteil Award in 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She was the first woman to be awarded the National Medal of Science."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock received her PhD in Health Science.
| 2 | 4 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Fred Clarke was born on a farm near Winterset, Iowa."
}
] |
DClJS76QfbjvL1j0Grxo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "He was also allowed to sit in the dugout during games, making him manager Bill McKechnie's bench coach in all but name."
},
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh",
"text": "In 1900, Clarke joined the Pittsburgh Pirates as a player and manager, roles he would embrace until his retirement in 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "Fred Clarke died in Winfield at age 87."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Hall of Famer, Clarke played for and managed both the Louisville Colonels and Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Fred Clarke was born on a farm near Winterset, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "When slumping veteran (and eventual Hall of Famer) Max Carey—one of only two members of the 1909 world champions still on the team—got word that Clarke tried to pressure McKechnie into benching him, Carey demanded that Clarke be removed from the bench."
},
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh",
"text": "The 1902 Pirates lost only 36 games under Clarke's guidance, tying a modern-era record."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "A resolution calling for Clarke's removal from the bench only garnered the support of three other players."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "Fred Clarke was selected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as one of the first to be elected by the Old-Timers Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "The Pirates won the World Series the following year."
}
] |
Fred Clarke birthplace is Indianapolis and was the bench coach for the Pittsburgh Pirates.
| 2 | 6 |
Fred Clarke
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film has spawned seven sequels: Rocky II (1979), Rocky III (1982), Rocky IV (1985), Rocky V (1990), Rocky Balboa (2006), Creed (2015), and Creed II (2018)."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Sequel",
"text": "A sequel titled Rocky II, was released in 1979."
}
] |
DD0PAgKu999fuqrvER9z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "Rocky was acknowledged as the second-best film in the sports genre, after Raging Bull."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "It was the highest-grossing film released in 1976 in the United States and Canada and the second highest-grossing film of 1977 behind Star Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The movie was released on Sunday, November 21, 1976 by United Artists at Cinema II in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "Academy members indicated that, given a second chance, they would award the 1977 Oscar for Best Picture to All the President's Men instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "In 2008, Rocky was chosen by British film magazine Empire as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "In Steven J. Schneider's 1001 Movies"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (1998) – #78."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Andrew Sarris found the Capra comparisons disingenuous: \"Capra's movies projected more despair deep down than a movie like Rocky could envisage, and most previous ring movies have been much more cynical about the fight scene,\" and, commenting on Rocky's work as a loan shark, says that the film \"teeters on the edge of sentimentalizing gangsters.\" Sarris also found Meredith \"oddly cast in the kind of part the late James Gleason used to pick his teeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rocky is considered to be one of the greatest sports films ever made and was ranked as the second-best in the genre, after Raging Bull, by the American Film Institute in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes (2005) \"Yo, Adrian!\" – #80."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film has spawned seven sequels: Rocky II (1979), Rocky III (1982), Rocky IV (1985), Rocky V (1990), Rocky Balboa (2006), Creed (2015), and Creed II (2018)."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Sequel",
"text": "A sequel titled Rocky II, was released in 1979."
}
] |
The second Rocky movie was released 1981.
| 0 | 0 |
Rocky
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tinker was a member of the Chicago Cubs dynasty that won four pennants and two World Series championships between 1906 and 1910."
}
] |
DDJ4dTfLBucc2Eym3Qfc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Tinker then batted .263 as the Cubs defeated the Tigers in the 1908 World Series in five games."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Tinker batted only .154 in the 1907 World Series, but the Cubs defeated the Detroit Tigers in five games."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "He accepted a $200 raise. The Cubs reached the 1910 World Series, and though Tinker batted .333 in the series, the Cubs lost to the Philadelphia Athletics in five games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tinker was a member of the Chicago Cubs dynasty that won four pennants and two World Series championships between 1906 and 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Tinker scouted the Philadelphia Athletics' hitters for the Cubs prior to the 1929 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Career summary",
"text": "During his decade with the Cubs, they went to the World Series four times, winning in 1907 and 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Tinker batted .167 in the 1906 World Series as the Chicago White Sox defeated the Cubs in six games."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Tinker also hit a home run off of Bill Donovan, the first home run hit in a World Series following the 1905 rules agreement."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Tinker won the job during spring training."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Whales and Cubs",
"text": "With Tinker managing, the Whales won the pennant in 1915."
}
] |
Joe Tinker won five World Series.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe Tinker
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "Arrowsmith was awarded the 1926 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, but Lewis declined the award."
}
] |
DDOCDUep8Byl4FKoBeae
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It won the 1926 Pulitzer Prize (which Lewis declined)."
},
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "Arrowsmith was awarded the 1926 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, but Lewis declined the award."
},
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "In a letter to the committee, he wrote: I wish to acknowledge your choice of my novel Arrowsmith for the Pulitzer Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "All prizes, like all titles, are dangerous."
},
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "That prize I must refuse, and my refusal would be meaningless unless I explained the reasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "And the Pulitzer Prize for Novels is peculiarly objectionable because the terms of it have been constantly and grievously misrepresented."
},
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "The New York Times reported that according to observers, the real reason was that Lewis was still upset that Main Street did not win the prize in 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "The seekers for prizes tend to labor not for inherent excellence but for alien rewards; they tend to write this, or timorously to avoid writing that, in order to tickle the prejudices of a haphazard committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "Those terms are that the prize shall be given \"for the American novel published during the year which shall best present the wholesome atmosphere of American life, and the highest standard of American manners and manhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "The book's only theatrically released adaptation was the film Arrowsmith in 1931, featuring Ronald Colman and Helen Hayes as Arrowsmith and Leora respectively."
}
] |
Arrowsmith won a prize.
| 0 | 0 |
Arrowsmith (novel)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "The first design incorporated the letters \"FCIM\" in the centre of a series of circles that formed the badge of the club."
}
] |
DDRQVcTvD8cZv8FDg89Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "One of the founders of Inter, a painter named Giorgio Muggiani, was responsible for the design of the first Inter logo in 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "The basic elements of the design have remained constant even as finer details have been modified over the years."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "San Siro has been the home of Milan since 1926, when it was privately built by funding from Milan's chairman at the time, Piero Pirelli."
},
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "In 2007, the logo was returned to the pre-1999–2000 era."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "Based on the English model for stadiums, San Siro is specifically designed for football matches, as opposed to many multi-purpose stadiums used in Serie A."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grande Inter",
"text": "Inter finished third in the Serie A in his first season, second the next year and first in his third season."
},
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "The most significant difference between the current and the previous logo is the omission of the star from other media except match kits."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Comeback and unprecedented treble",
"text": "This made Inter the first Italian team to win Treble."
},
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "Starting at the 1999–2000 season, the original club crest was reduced in size, to give place for the addition of the club's name and foundation year at the upper and lower part of the logo respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mixed fortunes",
"text": "That season, Inter failed to qualify for any European competition for the first time in almost ten years, finishing in eighth place."
},
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "The first design incorporated the letters \"FCIM\" in the centre of a series of circles that formed the badge of the club."
}
] |
Inter Milan's first logo had many circular elements.
| 0 | 0 |
Inter Milan
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the Ford Motor Company owner, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world."
}
] |
DDffdZdkj0qc55x5bmHc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist and business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the Ford Motor Company owner, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "International business",
"text": "He believed that international trade and cooperation led to international peace, and he used the assembly line process and production of the Model T to demonstrate it."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Model T",
"text": "\" Until the development of the assembly line, which mandated black because of its quicker drying time, Model Ts were available in other colors, including red."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peace and war | The coming of World War II and Ford's mental collapse",
"text": "At 3,500,000 sq ft (330,000 m2), it was the largest assembly line in the world at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Model T",
"text": "In 1921, Ford also purchased Lincoln Motor Co., founded by Cadillac founder Henry Leland and his son"
},
{
"section_header": "International business",
"text": "In My Life and Work, Ford predicted that if greed, racism, and short-sightedness could be overcome, then economic and technological development throughout the world would progress to the point that international trade would no longer be based on (what today would be called) colonial or neocolonial models and would truly benefit all peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "International business",
"text": "Both supporters and critics insisted that Fordism epitomized American capitalist development, and that the auto industry was the key to understanding economic and social relations in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peace and war | The coming of World War II and Ford's mental collapse",
"text": "At its peak in 1944, the Willow Run plant produced 650 B-24s per month, and by 1945 Ford was completing each B-24 in eighteen hours, with one rolling off the assembly line every 58 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is credited with \"Fordism\": mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers."
}
] |
Henry Ford was an American industrialist and business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production, and was one of the richest and best-known people in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Ford
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In 2010's Just Cause 2, the fictional Panau Falls Casino is based on the Petronas Towers."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Eidos Interactive has twice used the towers for inspiration in their video games."
}
] |
DDzOZnkFiYSs5DKI2yhV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Eidos Interactive has twice used the towers for inspiration in their video games."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In 2010's Just Cause 2, the fictional Panau Falls Casino is based on the Petronas Towers."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The towers made its appearance, in the animated series"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Suria KLCC",
"text": "The Petronas Philharmonic Hall, also built at the base of the towers, is frequently associated with Suria KLCC's floorspace."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture | Notable events",
"text": "On 15 April 1999, Felix Baumgartner set the world record for BASE jumping (since broken) by jumping off a window cleaning crane on the Petronas Towers."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2002 Hitman 2: Silent Assassin, the Malaysia-based levels Basement Killing, The Graveyard Shift, and The Jacuzzi Job all take place in the Petronas Towers."
},
{
"section_header": "Anchor tenants",
"text": "Tower One is fully occupied by Petronas and a number of its subsidiaries and associate companies, while the office spaces in Tower Two are mostly available for lease to other companies."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "A 2002 episode of the animated series Jackie Chan Adventures titled \"When Pigs Fly\" (Season 3, Episode 6), features the towers."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2009 History Channel original program Life After People, the towers make an appearance in the episode titled \"Bound and Buried\", and it is stated that the towers would survive approximately 500 years without human maintenance, eventually collapsing from the weathering and erosion of Malaysia's tropical climate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers (Malay: Menara Petronas, or Menara Berkembar Petronas), are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."
}
] |
The Petronas towers are what inspired J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series' 'patronus' spell, which she claimed is based on the towers' 'twin' nature, like a spirit animal bound to a wizard's soul.
| 2 | 6 |
Petronas Towers
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The fourth installment and a \"revisiting\" of the Mad Max films, it was produced by Kennedy Miller Mitchell and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures."
}
] |
DE5KNdRA0b9O2RpfAThv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Prequel comics",
"text": "The third, Mad Max: Fury Road –"
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Mad Max: Fury Road had its world premiere on 7 May 2015 at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Some critics have named Mad Max: Fury Road one of the greatest action films ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In July 2010, Miller announced plans to shoot two Mad Max films back-to-back, entitled Mad Max: Fury Road and Mad Max: Furiosa."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and analysis | Survival",
"text": "As the underlying goal for Max, the theme of staying alive has been carried over from the previous installments of the series that also highlight issues such as ecological collapse and moral decadence."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Prequel comics",
"text": "The final issue, Mad Max: Fury Road – Mad Max #2, was released on 5 August."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The fourth installment and a \"revisiting\" of the Mad Max films, it was produced by Kennedy Miller Mitchell and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Mad Max: Fury Road contains 2,000 visual effects shots."
},
{
"section_header": "Potential sequels",
"text": "One of these, entitled Mad Max: Furiosa, had already been completed, and Miller hoped to film it after the release of Fury Road."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Mad Max: Fury Road became a moderate box office success theatrically."
}
] |
Mad Max: Fury Road is a film about a post-apocalyptic world and the third installment in the series.
| 0 | 0 |
Mad Max: Fury Road
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In some respects, zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements exhibit only one normal oxidation state (+2), and the Zn2+ and Mg2"
}
] |
DEPra3gOXddzRFR9QYzo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In some respects, zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements exhibit only one normal oxidation state (+2), and the Zn2+ and Mg2"
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Physical properties",
"text": "It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own plane and six others at a greater distance of 290.6 pm."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Other industrial uses",
"text": "It is used in the manufacture of other chemicals."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Other industrial uses",
"text": "Zinc sulfate is a chemical in dyes and pigments."
},
{
"section_header": "Compounds and chemistry | Test for zinc",
"text": "Cobalticyanide paper (Rinnmann's test for Zn) can be used as a chemical indicator for zinc."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Isolation",
"text": "In his 1746 experiment, Marggraf heated a mixture of calamine and charcoal in a closed vessel without copper to obtain a metal."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Other industrial uses",
"text": "When a compressed mixture of 70% zinc and 30% sulfur powder is ignited there is a violent chemical reaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Occurrence",
"text": "Zinc is a chalcophile, meaning the element is more likely to be found in minerals together with sulfur and other heavy chalcogens, rather than with the light chalcogen oxygen or with non-chalcogen electronegative elements such as the halogens."
}
] |
Zinc is not chemically close to any other element.
| 0 | 0 |
Zinc
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor that affirmed the primacy of papal authority and the new canon law governing the election of the pope by the College of Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hailed as one of the greatest of the Roman pontiffs after his reforms proved successful, Gregory VII was, during his own reign, despised by some for his expansive use of papal powers."
}
] |
DEXEfSwh3hBWpPAlC7Yv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "Gregory VII did not introduce the celibacy of the priesthood into the Church, but he took up the struggle with greater energy than his predecessors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This was eagerly repeated by later opponents of the Catholic Church, such as the English Protestant John Foxe."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII was critical in promoting and regulating the concept of modern university as his 1079 Papal Decree ordered the regulated establishment of cathedral schools that transformed themselves into the first European universities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because this pope was such a prominent champion of papal supremacy, his memory was evoked on many occasions in later generations, both positively and negatively, often reflecting later writers' attitude to the Catholic Church and the papacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Consequently, Henry IV would appoint Antipope Clement III to oppose him in the political power struggles between the Catholic Church and his empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "Thus Gregory VII, as a politician wanting to achieve some result, was driven in practice to adopt a different standpoint."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "His lifework was based on his conviction that the Church was founded by God and entrusted with the task of embracing all mankind in a single society in which divine will is the only law; that, in its capacity as a divine institution, it is supreme over all human structures, especially the secular state; and that the pope, in his role as head of the Church, is the vice-regent of God on earth, so that disobedience to him implies disobedience to God: or, in other words, a defection from Christianity."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII was one of the few popes elected by acclamation."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "His writings treat mainly of the principles and practice of Church government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor that affirmed the primacy of papal authority and the new canon law governing the election of the pope by the College of Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hailed as one of the greatest of the Roman pontiffs after his reforms proved successful, Gregory VII was, during his own reign, despised by some for his expansive use of papal powers."
}
] |
Pope Gregory VII is a saint and a reformer in the Catholic church.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Gregory VII
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Huey Pierce Long Jr. (August 30, 1893 – September 10, 1935), nicknamed \"The Kingfish,\" was an American politician who served as the 40th governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his assassination in 1935."
}
] |
DEuSKGZIMQLlZGPfY74k
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "1935: Long's final year | Assassination",
"text": "He had been a major phenomenon.\" Tugwell also wrote that Roosevelt regarded Long's assassination as a \"providential occurrence\"."
},
{
"section_header": "1935: Long's final year | Assassination",
"text": "Although Long's allies claimed that he was assassinated by political opponents, a federal probe found no evidence of a conspiracy."
},
{
"section_header": "1935: Long's final year | Assassination",
"text": "For if you ride this thing through, you will travel with the white horse of death.\" On Sunday morning, September 8, 1935, Long travelled to the State Capitol in order to pass a re-redistricting plan which would oust political opponent Judge Benjamin Henry Pavy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Poised to perform well in a 1936 presidential bid, Long was mortally wounded by a lone assassin in 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "1935: Long's final year | Assassination",
"text": "Recent evidence has led some to claim that Long was accidentally shot by his bodyguards."
},
{
"section_header": "1935: Long's final year | Assassination",
"text": "Long died at 4:10 a.m. on September 10, 31 hours after being shot."
},
{
"section_header": "1935: Long's final year | Assassination",
"text": "Farley publicly admitted his apprehension of campaigning against Long: \"I always laughed Huey off, but I did not feel that way about him."
},
{
"section_header": "1935: Long's final year | Assassination",
"text": "Long was able to run down a flight of stairs and across the capitol grounds, hailing a car to take him to the Our Lady of the Lake Hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "1935: Long's final year | Assassination",
"text": "At 9:20 p.m., just after passage of the bill effectively removing Pavy, Pavy's son-in-law Carl Weiss approached Long, and, according to the generally accepted version of events, fired a single shot with a handgun from four feet (1.2 m) away, striking Long in the torso."
},
{
"section_header": "1935: Long's final year | Assassination",
"text": "Long was rushed to the operating room, where emergency surgery attempted to close perforations in his intestines, but ultimately failed in trying to stop his internal bleeding."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Huey Pierce Long Jr. (August 30, 1893 – September 10, 1935), nicknamed \"The Kingfish,\" was an American politician who served as the 40th governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his assassination in 1935."
}
] |
Long was assassinated in 1935.
| 1 | 2 |
Huey Long
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She adopted the name Deborah Kerr on becoming a film actress (\"Kerr\" was a family name going back to the maternal grandmother of her grandfather Arthur Kerr Trimmer)."
}
] |
DFXMtilupN89oY0NP6TN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Film career",
"text": "Kerr made clear that her surname should be pronounced the same as \"car\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr. Deborah Kerr. A Biography. McFarland, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She adopted the name Deborah Kerr on becoming a film actress (\"Kerr\" was a family name going back to the maternal grandmother of her grandfather Arthur Kerr Trimmer)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr: Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author, (c) Penelope Andrew, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Theatre career",
"text": "Kerr repeated her role along with her stage partner John Kerr (no relation) in Vincente Minnelli's film adaptation of the drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Television",
"text": "For this performance, Kerr was nominated for an Emmy Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Kerr is buried in Alfold Cemetery, Alfold, Surrey."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr. British Film Institute, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kerr had a younger brother, Edmund (\"Teddy\"), who became a journalist."
}
] |
Kerr is not her real surname.
| 0 | 0 |
Deborah Kerr
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War."
}
] |
DFe693ico8GXqMc7Xy57
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 16th century",
"text": "Pro-Catholic demonstrations during the 1536 uprising cited Magna Carta, accusing the King of not giving it sufficient respect."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th–18th centuries | Glorious Revolution",
"text": "This supremacy would be challenged by the likes of Granville Sharp."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th century | Magna Carta's influence on English medieval law",
"text": "Even in the 13th century, some clauses of Magna Carta rarely appeared in legal cases, either because the issues concerned were no longer relevant, or because Magna Carta had been superseded by more relevant legislation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Magna Carta still forms an important symbol of liberty today, often cited by politicians and campaigners, and is held in great respect by the British and American legal communities, Lord Denning describing it as \"the greatest constitutional document of all times – the foundation of the freedom of the individual against the arbitrary authority of the despot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th century | Great Charter of 1217",
"text": "There remained a range of disagreements about the management of the royal forests, which involved a special legal system that had resulted in a source of considerable royal revenue; complaints existed over both the implementation of these courts, and the geographic boundaries of the royal forests."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Exemplifications | Later exemplifications",
"text": "Rubenstein commented \"I have always believed that this was an important document to our country, even though it wasn't drafted in our country."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th century | Great Charter of 1225",
"text": "The inconsistency with which he applied the charters over the course of his rule alienated many barons, even those within his own faction."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Clauses",
"text": "After the 1140s, these principles had been largely accepted within the English church, even if accompanied by an element of concern about centralising authority in Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th century | Magna Carta's influence on English medieval law",
"text": "By 1350 half the clauses of Magna Carta were no longer actively used."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th–21st centuries | Interpretation",
"text": "In 1904, Edward Jenks published an article entitled \"The Myth of Magna Carta\", which undermined the previously accepted view of Magna Carta."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War."
}
] |
The Magna Carta was respected by all parties involved, even if they didn't like it.
| 0 | 0 |
Magna Carta
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo",
"text": "The company built Japan's first tape recorder, called the Type-G."
}
] |
DFqjdViK6v57rgWGDN4J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Sony Mobile Communications",
"text": "Sony Mobile Communications Inc. (formerly Sony Ericsson) is a multinational mobile phone manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sony Corporation (ソニー株式会社, Sonī Kabushiki Kaisha, SOH-nee, commonly known as Sony and stylized as SONY) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Kōnan, Minato, Tokyo."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units",
"text": "While Sony is known for its consumer electronic products, including the first mass-produced transistor radio (TR-55), the Walkman, a music playing robot called Rolly, dog-shaped robots called AIBO and a humanoid robot called QRIO, it offers a wide variety of product lines in many areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate information | Environmental record",
"text": "They are taking steps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that they put out as well as regulating the products they get from their suppliers in a process that they call \"green procurement\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate information | Environmental record",
"text": "Together with Philips, Sony receives the highest score for energy policy advocacy after calling on the EU to adopt an unconditional 30% reduction target for greenhouse gas emissions by 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Sony Corporation",
"text": "Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Formats and technologies | Optical storage",
"text": "The unified disc format was called DVD and was introduced in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo",
"text": "On 7 May 1946, Ibuka was joined by Akio Morita to establish a company called Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (東京通信工業, Tōkyō Tsūshin Kōgyō) (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo",
"text": "The company built Japan's first tape recorder, called the Type-G."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Healthcare and biotechnology",
"text": "28 February 2014, Sony, M3 and Illumina established a joint venture called P5, Inc. to provide a genome analysis service for research institutions and enterprises in Japan."
}
] |
Sony Corporation is a multinational business that was called as Type-G.
| 1 | 2 |
Sony
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In June 2008, Yount announced the creation of a new all-natural lemonade drink, Robinade."
}
] |
DG3m1aVSfuw3oYexQqha
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robin R. Yount (; nicknamed,\"The Kid\", and \"Rockin' Robin\", born September 16, 1955) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robin attended William Howard Taft High School in Woodland Hills."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "No other Brewer was voted a starter in consecutive years until Ryan Braun started each year between 2008 and 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career",
"text": "He announced his retirement after the 1993 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career",
"text": "The Brewers retired his number the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Since retiring from baseball, Yount has increased his participation in two of his other passions, professional motorcycle and auto racing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since his retirement as a player, he has held several roles as a baseball coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He threatened to retire from the game and take up professional golf rather than be underpaid or moved to the outfield by the Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Yount was born in Danville, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Yount courted controversy in the winter of 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In June 2008, Yount announced the creation of a new all-natural lemonade drink, Robinade."
}
] |
After retirement, Robin Yount, started a beverage company with a philanthropic business model.
| 1 | 5 |
Robin Yount
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city became the permanent home to TED conferences in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry."
}
] |
DG7RmShGEPASrH79zFv6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "The British Columbia Institute of Technology in Burnaby provides polytechnic education."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Sustainability",
"text": "The City of Vancouver has taken a number of steps to become a sustainable city."
},
{
"section_header": "Government",
"text": "Though polarized, a political consensus has emerged in Vancouver around a number of issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Arts and culture | Libraries and museums",
"text": "The Vancouver Art Gallery has a permanent collection of nearly 10,000 items and is the home of a significant number of works by Emily Carr."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Twentieth century",
"text": "The rise of industrial tensions throughout the province led to Canada's first general strike in 1918, at the Cumberland coal mines on Vancouver Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "With its location on the Pacific Rim and at the western terminus of Canada's transcontinental highway and rail routes, Vancouver is one of the nation's largest industrial centres."
},
{
"section_header": "Arts and culture | Music and nightlife",
"text": "The city is home to a number of Canadian composers including Rodney Sharman, Jeffrey Ryan, and Jocelyn Morlock."
},
{
"section_header": "Arts and culture | Music and nightlife",
"text": "Similarly, various Indo-Canadian artists and actors have a profile in Bollywood or other aspects of India's entertainment industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In recent years, Vancouver has become a centre for software development, biotechnology, aerospace, video game development, animation studios and television production and film industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city became the permanent home to TED conferences in 2014."
}
] |
Technology is the number industry in Vancouver.
| 3 | 3 |
Vancouver
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chipper Jones was born in DeLand, Florida, on April 24, 1972."
}
] |
DGLt1qzwHw4qfWGiHnae
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2006–2007",
"text": "He opened the Chipper Jones's 10th Inning Baseball Academy in Suwanee, Georgia, in late 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jones was the Atlanta Braves' number one overall pick in the 1990 MLB draft and their primary third baseman from 1995 to 2012 (with the exception of 2002–2003 when he primarily played left field)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Jones met his first wife, Karin Fulford, while he was playing with the Braves class A affiliate in Macon, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Larry Wayne \"Chipper\" Jones Jr. (born April 24, 1972) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) player and current broadcast analyst."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chipper Jones was born in DeLand, Florida, on April 24, 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2006–2007",
"text": "The next day, he had his 400th career double in the ninth inning against"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their son, Cutler Ridge Jones was born on January 11, 2017 in Atlanta."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Draft",
"text": "Atlanta then selected Jones, who played shortstop at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2006–2007",
"text": "On June 16, he hit a single in the second inning against the Cleveland Indians for his 2,000th career hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2012: Final season",
"text": "The next day, in the final regular season at-bat at Dodger Stadium of his career, Jones knocked in the winning run in the top of the 9th inning."
}
] |
Chipper Jones was born in Georgia and went on to play in the MLB for the Atlanta Braves.
| 4 | 6 |
Chipper Jones
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He studied at the Juilliard School and began acting on stage in the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William McChord Hurt (born March 20, 1950) is an American actor."
}
] |
DGOka7jwvM234sy4BcZZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Hurt began his career in stage productions, only later acting in films."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He studied at the Juilliard School and began acting on stage in the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William McChord Hurt (born March 20, 1950) is an American actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two of his classmates there were Christopher Reeve and Robin Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hurt remained an active stage actor throughout the 1980s, appearing in Off-Broadway productions including Henry V, Fifth of July, Richard II and A Midsummer Night's Dream."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "From 1977 to 1989, he was a member of the acting company at Circle Repertory Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1985 Hurt garnered critical acclaim and multiple acting awards, including an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actor, for Kiss of the Spider Woman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He graduated in 1968 and his yearbook predicted, \"you might even see him on Broadway.\" Hurt attended Tufts University and studied theology, but turned instead to acting and joined the Juilliard School (Drama Division Group 5: 1972–1976)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Hurt also starred in Tuck Everlasting as Angus Tuck."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hurt is a private pilot and owner of a Beechcraft Bonanza."
}
] |
William Hurt began stage acting in his thirties.
| 0 | 0 |
William Hurt
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy."
}
] |
DGhAvxtnLDqmYxUucz4y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | White and Black Guelphs",
"text": "After the Tuscan Guelphs finally defeated the Ghibellines in 1289 at the Battle of Campaldino and at Vicopisano, the Guelphs began infighting."
},
{
"section_header": "History | White and Black Guelphs",
"text": "In 1325, the city-states of Guelph Bologna and Ghibelline Modena, clashed in the War of the Bucket, resulting in Modena's victory at the Battle of Zappolino, which led to a resurgence of Ghibelline fortunes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | White and Black Guelphs",
"text": "In 1334 Pope Benedict XII threatened people who used either the Guelph or Ghibelline name with ex-communication."
},
{
"section_header": "History | White and Black Guelphs",
"text": "Those who were not connected to either side or who had no connections to either Guelphs or Ghibellines, considered both factions unworthy of support but were still affected by changes of power in their respective cities."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "Smaller cities tended to be Ghibelline if the larger city nearby was Guelph, as Guelph Republic of Florence and Ghibelline Republic of Siena faced off at the Battle of Montaperti, 1260."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "The Ghibellines were thus the imperial party, while the Guelphs supported the Pope."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "Philip was supported by the Ghibellines as a relative of Frederick I, while Otto was supported by the Guelphs."
},
{
"section_header": "In heraldry",
"text": "Ghibelline structures had \"swallow-tailed\" crenellations, while those of the Guelphs were square."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "Although the Ghibellines did start recovering, defeating the Guelphs in the Battle of Cingoli, Frederick by then was ill."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "The Sienese Ghibellines inflicted a noteworthy defeat on Florentine Guelphs at the Battle of Montaperti (1260)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy."
}
] |
Guelphs and Ghibellines did happen in Spain.
| 1 | 6 |
Guelphs and Ghibellines
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Oscar spent his youth playing sandlot baseball and was a batboy for the Indianapolis ABCs."
}
] |
DH9vJfeJ0vUIU3xnZl4J
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "all-star games. In 1945 Charleston became manager of the Brooklyn Brown Dodgers and helped recruit black ballplayers such as Roy Campanella to join the first integrated Major League Baseball teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Team manager and scout, 1941–1954",
"text": "Branch Rickey hired Charleston as manager of the Brooklyn Brown Dodgers in the United States League in 1945, but the team was short-lived."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Oscar McKinley Charleston (October 14, 1896 – October 5, 1954) was an American center fielder and manager in Negro league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Team manager and scout, 1941–1954",
"text": "In 1946 Charleston returned to managing the Philadelphia Stars for five seasons, but retired at the end of 1950.The integration of Major League Baseball teams in the late 1940s marked the decline and eventual end of the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Team manager and scout, 1941–1954",
"text": "In 1954 Charleston briefly came out of retirement to manage the Indianapolis Clowns, a barnstorming team that usually played on the road."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Early years, 1915–1920",
"text": "Charleston was especially adept at catching high flies, using his running speed to retrieve balls above his head."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Early years, 1915–1920",
"text": "One memorable incident occurred during a game that the Indianapolis ABCs played against a team of white major and minor leaguers in Indianapolis on October 24, 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Team manager and scout, 1941–1954",
"text": "In September 1945 Charleston began his third enlistment in the military, this time serving as a security guard at the Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot, but his main responsibility was managing the depot's integrated baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Team manager and scout, 1941–1954",
"text": "During the winter of 1940–41, Charleston returned to Pennsylvania to become manager of the Philadelphia Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy | Honors and awards",
"text": "The Indianapolis chapter of the Society for American Baseball Research is named the Oscar Charleston Chapter."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Oscar spent his youth playing sandlot baseball and was a batboy for the Indianapolis ABCs."
}
] |
As a kid, Oscar Charleston helped manage the equipment for a minor league ball team.
| 0 | 0 |
Oscar Charleston
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Milestones",
"text": "10 March 2010: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest building."
}
] |
DIKCQS8g6sbRXu0gMmlq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Features | The Dubai Fountain",
"text": "It is the world's second largest choreographed fountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Conception | Records",
"text": "World's largest light and sound show staged on a single building."
},
{
"section_header": "Other uses | BASE jumping",
"text": "The two men descended the vertical drop at a speed of up to 220 km/h (140 mph), with enough time to open their parachutes 10 seconds into the 90-second jump."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest building in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Benches and signs incorporate images of Burj Khalifa and the Hymenocallis flower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Burj Khalifa was designed by Adrian Smith, of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, whose firm designed the Willis Tower and One World Trade Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Burj Khalifa is surrounded by an 11 ha (27-acre) park designed by landscape architects SWA Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a total height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft, just over half a mile) and a roof height (excluding antenna, but including a 244 m spire) of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building in the world since its topping out in 2009 (preceded by Taipei 101).Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed five years later in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Milestones",
"text": "10 March 2010: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest building."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Critical reception to Burj Khalifa has been generally positive, and the building has received many awards."
}
] |
Burj Khalifa is the second largest building in world.
| 2 | 4 |
Burj Khalifa
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Jane Fonda, Jon Voight, Bruce Dern, Penelope Milford, Robert Carradine and Robert Ginty."
}
] |
DIcjqr2XuB9FOQDEiyas
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home was theatrically released on February 15, 1978 to critical and commercial success."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Coming Home premiered at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, where Voight won the award for Best Actor for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home is a 1978 American romantic drama war film directed by Hal Ashby from a screenplay written by Waldo Salt and Robert C. Jones and from a story by Nancy Dowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "They were united by their opposition to the Vietnam War and by their concern for the veterans who were returning to America and facing difficulties adapting to life back home."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Alan J. Pakula's Comes a Horseman (1978)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "With nothing else to do, she decides to volunteer at a local veterans' (VA) hospital, partially inspired by her bohemian friend Vi Munson, whose brother Billy has come home after just two weeks in Vietnam with grave emotional problems and now resides in the VA hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Coming Home was conceived by Jane Fonda as the first feature for her own production company, IPC Films (for Indochina Peace Campaign), with her associate producer Bruce Gilbert, a friend from her protest days."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Fonda wished to make a film about the Vietnam War inspired by her friendship with Ron Kovic, a paraplegic Vietnam War veteran, whom she had met at an antiwar rally."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Originally, Dowd's story, tentatively titled Buffalo Ghosts, focused on two women, volunteers at a veterans' hospital, who must come to grips with the emotional toll that the war takes on its casualties and their families."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film's narrative follows a perplexed woman, her Marine husband and a paraplegic Vietnam War veteran whom she meets while her husband is deployed in Vietnam."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Jane Fonda, Jon Voight, Bruce Dern, Penelope Milford, Robert Carradine and Robert Ginty."
}
] |
Coming Home was a 1978 movie about coming home for the Vietnam War and starred Dustin Hoffman and Meryl Streep.
| 0 | 0 |
Coming Home (1978 film)
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "He responded to the treason charge, \"I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject.\" Following the trial, on 23 August 1305, Wallace was taken from the hall to the Tower of London, then stripped naked and dragged through the city at the heels of a horse to the Elms at Smithfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "He was hanged, drawn and quartered—strangled by hanging, but released while he was still alive, emasculated, eviscerated and his bowels burned before him, beheaded, then cut into four parts."
}
] |
DIko91P0SkQaPflr7LJT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "A plaque unveiled 8 April 1956, stands in a wall of St. Bartholomew's Hospital near the site of Wallace's execution at Smithfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "Wallace was transported to London, lodged in the house of William de Leyrer, then taken to Westminster Hall, where he was tried for treason and for atrocities against civilians in war, \"sparing neither age nor sex, monk nor nun."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "Wallace evaded capture by the English until 5 August 1305 when John de Menteith, a Scottish knight loyal to Edward, turned Wallace over to English soldiers at Robroyston near Glasgow. (The site is commemorated by a small monument in the form of a Celtic cross.) Letters of safe conduct from Haakon V of Norway, Philip IV of France, and John Balliol, along with other documents, were found in Wallace's possession and delivered to Edward by John de Segrave."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Marriage",
"text": "The identity of Wallace's wife is not known for certain."
},
{
"section_header": "Political crisis in Scotland",
"text": "By July, Edward had instructed his officers to receive formal homage from some 1,800 Scottish nobles (many of the rest being prisoners of war at that time)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Wallace's brothers Malcolm and John are known from other sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The origins of the Wallace surname and its association with southwest Scotland are also far from certain, other than the name's being derived from the Old English wylisc (pronounced \"wullish\"), meaning \"foreigner\" or \"Welshman\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of the uprising",
"text": "He then joined with William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas, and they carried out the raid of Scone."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Film",
"text": "The film was criticised for inaccuracies regarding Wallace's title, love interests, and attire."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Blind Harry's assertion that William was the son of Sir Malcolm of Elderslie has given rise to a tradition that William's birthplace was at Elderslie in Renfrewshire, and this is still the view of some historians, including the historical William Wallace Society itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "He responded to the treason charge, \"I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject.\" Following the trial, on 23 August 1305, Wallace was taken from the hall to the Tower of London, then stripped naked and dragged through the city at the heels of a horse to the Elms at Smithfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "He was hanged, drawn and quartered—strangled by hanging, but released while he was still alive, emasculated, eviscerated and his bowels burned before him, beheaded, then cut into four parts."
}
] |
William Wallace's execution was as respectful as you could be in the 1300's.
| 2 | 4 |
William Wallace
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historic battlefields | Battlefield commemoration",
"text": "The first documented Korean War reenactment was held in North Vernon, Indiana, by members of the 20th Century Tactical Studies Group portraying Canadian and North Korean troops, on March 15, 1997."
}
] |
DIm10FFLWCTeyiM3RCt3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historic battlefields | Location",
"text": "Locating battlefields is important in attempts to recreate the events of battles: The battlefield is a historical source demanding attention, interpretation and understanding like any written or other account."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "The enemy moves upon it with difficulty, even in column; he cannot deploy for the contest, and is made to suffer under a shower of projectiles without being able to return evil for evil."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "In World War One, Aqaba was considered safe."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Technology and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "So, too, has the introduction of landing craft; combined with naval gunfire support, they have made beach landings the site of battles, where, in ancient times, the very idea of contesting a landing was unheard of."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Legal implications",
"text": "The concept of the battlefield arises at various points in the law of war, the international law and custom governing geographic restrictions on the use of force, taking of prisoners of war and the treatment afforded to them, and seizure of enemy property."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Technology and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "The arrival of aerial reconnaissance has been credited with the development of trench warfare, while the combination of high explosives in ammunition and hydraulic recoil mechanisms in artillery, added to aircraft observation, made its subsequent spread necessary, and contributed to the stalemate of WW1."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Technology and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "During the American Civil War, rail transport influenced where and how battles would be, could be, fought, as did telegraphic communication."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Technology and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "In both Burma in World War Two, and in Vietnam, air supply played an important part in where battles took place."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "In World War Two, the Pripyat Marsh was an obstacle to vehicles, and the Red Army successfully employed cavalry there specifically because of that, while in North Africa, the Qattara Depression was used as an \"anchor\" for a defensive line."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "During World War One, for instance, the An Nafud behind Aqaba seemed impassible, until a force of Arab rebels led by T. E. Lawrence successfully crossed it to capture the town."
},
{
"section_header": "Historic battlefields | Battlefield commemoration",
"text": "The first documented Korean War reenactment was held in North Vernon, Indiana, by members of the 20th Century Tactical Studies Group portraying Canadian and North Korean troops, on March 15, 1997."
}
] |
A recreation of the Lebanon war was made in the late 1990s.
| 0 | 0 |
Battleground
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Great Gatsby has been adapted to film a number of times: The Great Gatsby (1926), directed by Herbert Brenon—starring Warner Baxter, Lois Wilson, and William Powell, a lost film."
}
] |
DJ5XHdmeu82Qkt7E4dva
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Great Gatsby (1949), directed by Elliott Nugent—starring Alan Ladd, Betty Field, and Macdonald Carey."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "He also serves as the first-person narrator of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In its first year, the book sold only 20,000 copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" Progress was slow, with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the French Riviera in 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "First published by Scribner's in April 1925, The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews and sold poorly."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theater",
"text": "The 1926 stage adaptation of Owen Davis, subsequently developed, became the 1926 film version."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "On January 1, 1950, an hour-long adaptation was broadcast on CBS's Family Hour of Stars starring Kirk Douglas as Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Computer games",
"text": "In 2013, Slate (magazine) released a short symbolic adaptation called \"The Great Gatsby: The Video Game\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Great Gatsby has been adapted to film a number of times: The Great Gatsby (1926), directed by Herbert Brenon—starring Warner Baxter, Lois Wilson, and William Powell, a lost film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theater",
"text": "In July 2006, Simon Levy's stage adaptation, the only one authorized and granted exclusive rights by the Fitzgerald estate, premiered at The Guthrie Theater to commemorate the opening of its new theatre, directed by David Esbjornson."
}
] |
The first on-screen adaption was in 1949.
| 0 | 0 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With early influences including Russian and far-eastern music, Debussy developed his own style of harmony and orchestral colouring, derided – and unsuccessfully resisted – by much of the musical establishment of the day."
}
] |
DJ9aoP2WmSr1S1vnAPym
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influences | Literary",
"text": "Lesure writes, \"The development of free verse in poetry and the disappearance of the subject or model in painting influenced him to think about issues of musical form.\" Debussy was influenced by the Symbolist poets."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences | Musical",
"text": "Howat cautions against the assumption that Debussy's Ballade (1891) and Nocturne (1892) are influenced by Chopin – in Howat's view they owe more to Debussy's early Russian models – but Chopin's influence is found in other early works such as the Two arabesques (1889–1891)."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Debussy and Impressionism",
"text": "my religion ... When I gaze at a sunset sky and spend hours contemplating its marvellous ever-changing beauty, an extraordinary emotion overwhelms me."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences | Musical",
"text": "We tolerated overblown orchestras, tortuous forms [...]"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With early influences including Russian and far-eastern music, Debussy developed his own style of harmony and orchestral colouring, derided – and unsuccessfully resisted – by much of the musical establishment of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Return to Paris, 1887",
"text": "He travelled to Maeterlinck's home in Ghent in November to secure his consent to an operatic adaptation."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences | Literary",
"text": "Debussy was much in sympathy with the Symbolists' desire to bring poetry closer to music, became friendly with several leading exponents, and set many Symbolist works throughout his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences | Musical",
"text": "Lesure finds traces of Gounod and Massenet in some of Debussy's early songs, and remarks that it may have been from the Russians – Tchaikovsky, Balakirev, Rimsky-Korsakov, Borodin and Mussorgsky – that Debussy acquired his taste for \"ancient and oriental modes and for vivid colorations, and a certain disdain for academic rules\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1894–1902: Pelléas et Mélisande",
"text": "Like many other composers of the time, Debussy supplemented his income by teaching and writing."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence on later composers",
"text": "Stravinsky was more ambivalent about Debussy's music (he thought Pelléas \"a terrible bore ... in spite of many wonderful pages\") but the two composers knew each other and Stravinsky's Symphonies of Wind Instruments (1920) was written as a memorial for Debussy."
}
] |
Debussy had many Russian influences so he adapted their form and didn't change it.
| 0 | 4 |
Claude Debussy
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Swiss culture is characterised by diversity, which is reflected in a wide range of traditional customs."
}
] |
DJMeMQR7qndboU6QOkPM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law | Education and science",
"text": "Education in Switzerland is very diverse because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system to the cantons."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Swiss culture is characterised by diversity, which is reflected in a wide range of traditional customs."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law",
"text": "Switzerland is ranked as having one of the most powerful economies in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law | Switzerland and the European Union",
"text": "The application for membership of the EU was formally withdrawn in 2016, having long been frozen."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law | Labour market",
"text": "Switzerland has a more flexible job market than neighbouring countries and the unemployment rate is very low."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The linguistically isolated Romansh culture in Graubünden in eastern Switzerland constitutes an exception, it survives only in the upper valleys of the Rhine and the Inn and strives to maintain its rare linguistic tradition."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "A region may be in some ways strongly culturally connected to the neighbouring country that shares its language, the country itself being rooted in western European culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Nowadays some concentrated mountain areas have a strong highly energetic ski resort culture in winter, and a hiking (German: das Wandern) or Mountain biking culture in summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names: Schweiz [ˈʃvaɪts] (German); Suisse [sɥis(ə)] (French); Svizzera [ˈzvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ, ˈʒviːtsʁɐ] (Romansh)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Extending across the north and south side of the Alps in west-central Europe, Switzerland encompasses a great diversity of landscapes and climates on a limited area of 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi)."
}
] |
Switzerland does not have a very diverse culture.
| 2 | 4 |
Switzerland
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The film adaptation of Dreamgirls stars Jamie Foxx as Curtis, Beyoncé as Deena, Eddie Murphy as Jimmy, Danny Glover as Marty, Jennifer Hudson as Effie,"
}
] |
DJQvaZvAB0bnAuv1oj9g
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Although the film was announced several times, with singers such as Whitney Houston (as Deena), Lauryn Hill (another Deena candidate), and Kelly Price (as Effie) tapped to star, the studio eventually abandoned the project."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The film adaptation of Dreamgirls stars Jamie Foxx as Curtis, Beyoncé as Deena, Eddie Murphy as Jimmy, Danny Glover as Marty, Jennifer Hudson as Effie,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film starred Jamie Foxx, Beyoncé, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson, Danny Glover, Anika Noni Rose, and Keith Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The film won two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress (Jennifer Hudson) and Best Sound Mixing."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Laurence Mark served as producer of the DreamWorks/Paramount adaptation of Dreamgirls, written and directed by Bill Condon, who had earned an Oscar nomination for his screenplay adaptation of Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Subsequently, the film went into national release on December 25, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Warner Bros., which controlled the film rights to Dreamgirls, was also originally announced as a co-financier of the film, but before shooting began, Paramount Pictures stepped in as co-producer after Warner expressed concerns over the film's budget."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Loretta Devine, who originated the Lorrell role, has a cameo role as a jazz singer in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Geffen eventually began development on the film at DreamWorks SKG, a company he co-founded, in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "David Geffen, founder of Geffen Records and one of the play's financiers, leased the Dreamgirls film rights to Warner Bros. in the 1980s through his Geffen Pictures company."
}
] |
Beyonce, Jamie Foxx, and Jennifer Hudson starred in the film adaptation not Whitney Houston, Lauryn Hill or Kelly Price.
| 2 | 6 |
Dreamgirls
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They have a herbivorous diet, small brains (400–600 g) for mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick (1.5–5 cm) protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure."
}
] |
DJTGMe5QsWvkCxRNGdDh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter when necessary."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | White rhinoceros",
"text": "A popular idea that \"white\" is a distortion of either the Afrikaans word wyd or the Dutch word wijd (or its other possible spellings whyde, weit, etc.,), meaning \"wide\" and referring to the rhino's square lips, is not supported by linguistic studies."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "The main difference between black and white rhinos is the shape of their mouths – white rhinos have broad flat lips for grazing, whereas black rhinos have long pointed lips for eating foliage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They have a herbivorous diet, small brains (400–600 g) for mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick (1.5–5 cm) protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure."
}
] |
Rhino's eat plant-based.
| 0 | 0 |
Rhinoceros
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal Life",
"text": "She died 4 April 2007 at Willingham in Cambridgeshire."
}
] |
DJl0zXdWMxAu78ZgrHoN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal Life",
"text": "She died 4 April 2007 at Willingham in Cambridgeshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karen Spärck Jones FBA (26 August 1935 – 4 April 2007) was a pioneering British computer scientist responsible for the concept of inverse document frequency, a technology that underlies most modern search engines."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Karen Ida Boalth Spärck Jones was born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "An annual British Computer Society Karen Spärck Jones lecture is named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2019, The New York Times published her belated obituary in its series Overlooked, calling her \"a pioneer of computer science for work combining statistics and linguistics, and an advocate for women in the field.\" From 2008, to recognize her achievements in the fields of IR and NLP, the Karen Spärck Jones Award is awarded to a new recipient with outstanding research in one or both of her fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Formerly known as Canalside West, the Spärck Jones building houses the University's School of Computing and Engineering."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Spärck Jones worked at the Cambridge Language Research Unit from the late 1950s, then at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spärck Jones was educated at a grammar school in Huddersfield and then from 1953 to 1956 at Girton College, Cambridge, studying history, with an additional final year in Moral Sciences (philosophy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father was Owen Jones, a lecturer in chemistry, and her mother was Ida Spärck, a Norwegian who moved to Britain during World War II leaving on one of the last boats out of Norway after the German invasion in 1940."
}
] |
Karen Sparck Jones died in March 2007.
| 1 | 4 |
Karen Sparck Jones
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Amateur observing",
"text": "The Andromeda Galaxy is the most distant object and the only spiral galaxy outside our Milky Way able to be seen with the naked eye."
}
] |
DJpcQy5bjx0W8N6IgyZ8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "However, infrared data from the 2MASS survey and from the Spitzer Space Telescope showed that Andromeda is actually a barred spiral galaxy, like the Milky Way, with Andromeda's bar major"
},
{
"section_header": "Amateur observing",
"text": "The Andromeda Galaxy is the most distant object and the only spiral galaxy outside our Milky Way able to be seen with the naked eye."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Later studies with the help of the Spitzer Space Telescope showed how Andromeda Galaxy's spiral structure in the infrared appears to be composed of two spiral arms that emerge from a central bar and continue beyond the large ring mentioned above."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "His descriptions of the spiral structure, as each arm crosses the major axis of the Andromeda Galaxy, are as follows§pp1062§pp92: Since the Andromeda Galaxy is seen close to edge-on, it is difficult to study its spiral structure."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation history",
"text": "Roberts mistook Andromeda and similar spiral nebulae as solar systems being formed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Andromeda Galaxy (IPA: ), also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224 and originally the Andromeda Nebula (see below), is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 2.5 million light-years (770 kiloparsecs) from Earth and the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation history",
"text": "In 1885, a supernova (known as S Andromedae) was seen in Andromeda, the first and so far only one observed in that galaxy."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Studies of the extended halo of the Andromeda Galaxy show that it is roughly comparable to that of the Milky Way, with stars in the halo being generally \"metal-poor\", and increasingly so with greater distance."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation history",
"text": "In 1612, the German astronomer Simon Marius gave an early description of the Andromeda Galaxy based on telescopic observations."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation history | Island universe",
"text": "To support his claim of the Great Andromeda Nebula being, in fact, an external galaxy, Curtis also noted the appearance of dark lanes within Andromeda which resembled the dust clouds in our own galaxy, as well as historical observations of Andromeda Galaxy's significant Doppler shift."
}
] |
The Andromeda Galaxy is a barred spiral galaxy and can be seen without a telescope.
| 1 | 1 |
Andromeda Galaxy
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dickinson's work was never authorized to be published"
}
] |
DK2vlwzM9uuEYGQwcv1W
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "so it is unknown whether Because I could not stop for Death was completed or \"abandoned\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dickinson's work was never authorized to be published"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Because I could not stop for Death\" is a lyrical poem by Emily Dickinson first published posthumously in Poems: Series 1 in 1890."
},
{
"section_header": "Critique and interpretation",
"text": "\"The speaker joins both \"Death\" and \"Immortality\" inside the carriage that collects her, thus personifying the two part process, according to the Christian faith, that first life stops and following death we encounter immortality though our existence in the after life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her familiarity with Death and Immortality at the beginning of the poem causes the reader to feel at ease with the idea of Death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The speaker of Dickinson's poem meets personified Death."
},
{
"section_header": "Critique and interpretation",
"text": "While death is the guaranteed of the two, immortality \"remains ... an expectation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The personification of death changes from one of pleasantry to one of ambiguity and morbidity: \"Or rather"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem personifies Death as a gentleman caller who takes a leisurely carriage ride with the poet to her grave."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death is a gentleman who is riding in the horse carriage that picks up the speaker in the poem and takes the speaker on her journey to the afterlife."
}
] |
Because I could not stop for Death was authorized for publication.
| 0 | 3 |
Because I could not stop for Death
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 1509–47)."
}
] |
DK6TqysgvAsYwjLnIgdw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "Catherine's mother Isabella I of Castile had died and Catherine's sister Joanna had succeeded her; Catherine was, therefore, daughter of only one reigning monarch and so less desirable as a spouse for Henry VII's heir-apparent."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 1509–47)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Economics",
"text": "Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign",
"text": "Edward was the son of George, Duke of Clarence, and as such he presented a threat as a potential rival to the new King Henry VII for the throne of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "This made Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Foreign policy",
"text": "Up to a point, he succeeded. The Treaty of Redon was signed in February 1489 in between Henry and representatives of Brittany."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "Of all British kings, Henry VII is one of only a handful that never had any known mistress, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son, Henry, was the only heir left and the death of Arthur put the position of the House of Tudor in a more precarious political position."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything."
}
] |
Henry VII of England was succeeded by his heir.
| 1 | 5 |
Henry VII of England
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "In classical Euclidean geometry (that is in synthetic geometry), vectors were introduced (during the 19th century) as equivalence classes, under equipollence, of ordered pairs of points; two pairs (A, B) and (C, D) being equipollent if the points A, B, D, C, in this order, form a parallelogram."
}
] |
DK9tQ5H2KnAD54XfUryx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Vectors in specific vector spaces",
"text": "In an inner product space, the inner product defines an isomorphism between the space and its dual, which may make difficult to distinguish a pseudo vector from a vector."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "In modern geometry, Euclidean spaces are often defined from linear algebra."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "In classical Euclidean geometry (that is in synthetic geometry), vectors were introduced (during the 19th century) as equivalence classes, under equipollence, of ordered pairs of points; two pairs (A, B) and (C, D) being equipollent if the points A, B, D, C, in this order, form a parallelogram."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "Such an equivalence class is called a vector, more precisely, a Euclidean vector."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "This makes sense, as the addition in such a vector space acts freely and transitively on the vector space itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "n , {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {R} ^{n},} by mapping any point to the n-tuple of its Cartesian coordinates, and every vector to its coordinate vector."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "For example, velocity, forces and acceleration are represented by vectors."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "Sometimes, Euclidean vectors are considered without reference to a Euclidean space."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "By Gram–Schmidt process, one may also find an orthonormal basis of the associated vector space (a basis such that the inner product of two basis vectors is 0 if they are different and 1 if they are equal)."
},
{
"section_header": "Vectors in Euclidean geometry",
"text": "This defines Cartesian coordinates of any point P of the space, as the coordinates on this basis of the vector"
}
] |
In geometry, It is known that vectors were instituted between 1801 and 1900.
| 0 | 4 |
Vector (mathematics and physics)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wilmot Proviso was an unsuccessful 1846 proposal in the United States Congress to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican–American War."
}
] |
DKk6xEEUOuZJPecXQrJT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The conflict over the Wilmot Proviso was one of the major events leading to the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Encyclopedia of the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "If successful, the Wilmot Proviso would have effectively cancelled out the 1820 Missouri Compromise, since it would have prohibited slavery in an area below the parallel 36°30′ north."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "William Lowndes Yancey: The Coming of the Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "While the original Southern response to the Wilmot Proviso was measured, it soon became clear to the South that this long postponed attack on slavery had finally occurred."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Storm over Texas: The Annexation Controversy and the Road to the Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Levine, Bruce (1992). Half Slave and Half Free: The Roots of Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Introduction and debate on the proviso",
"text": "The Senate took up the bill late in its Monday session."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wilmot Proviso was an unsuccessful 1846 proposal in the United States Congress to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican–American War."
}
] |
The Wilmot Proviso was put into effect in the late 1840s and was hugely responsible for the Civil War.
| 0 | 0 |
Wilmot Proviso
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Criticism of psychiatry",
"text": "Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a chemical imbalance and that psychiatry is a form of pseudoscience."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Advocacy of Scientology",
"text": "They described him as a militant spokesman for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him."
}
] |
DKmKCR0VAKgj17sN0VsX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "While reviewing Days of Thunder, film critic Roger Ebert noted the similarities between several of Cruise's 1980s films and nicknamed the formula the Tom Cruise Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "Widescreenings noted that for Tom Cruise's character Daniel Kaffee in A Few Good Men, [screenwriter] Aaron Sorkin interestingly takes the opposite approach of Top Gun, where Cruise also starred as the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "In 2002, Cruise starred in the dystopian science fiction action film Minority Report which was directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the science fiction short story by Philip K. Dick."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "It was a box office success, although it received criticism regarding the Jim Phelps character being a villain despite being a protagonist of the original television series."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "In 2013, he starred in the science fiction film Oblivion based on director Joseph Kosinski's graphic novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | YouTube video removal",
"text": "On January 15, 2008, a video produced by the Church of Scientology featuring an interview with Cruise was posted on YouTube, showing Cruise discussing what being a Scientologist means to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2006, Premiere ranked Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor, as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazine's 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "In Top Gun, Cruise plays Mitchell who is a 'hot shot' military underachiever who makes mistakes because he is trying to outperform his late father."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Producing",
"text": "\" Epstein argues that Cruise is one of the few producers (the others being George Lucas, Steven Spielberg and Jerry Bruckheimer) who are regarded as able to guarantee the success of a billion-dollar film franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "Some of Cruise's later films like A Few Good Men and The Last Samurai can also be considered to be part of this formula."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Criticism of psychiatry",
"text": "Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a chemical imbalance and that psychiatry is a form of pseudoscience."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Advocacy of Scientology",
"text": "They described him as a militant spokesman for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him."
}
] |
Tom Cruise is an avid science denier, and should not be allowed to speak.
| 1 | 3 |
Tom Cruise
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The storyline concerns the struggle between Ransom and Olive for Verena's allegiance and affection, though the novel also includes a wide panorama of political activists, newspaper people, and quirky eccentrics."
}
] |
DKns7w7bBymGUUYzeptX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "The Bostonians was filmed in 1984 by the Merchant Ivory team (director James Ivory, producer Ismail Merchant, writer Ruth Prawer Jhabvala) with Christopher Reeve, Vanessa Redgrave and Madeleine Potter in the three central roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "The 2005 independent drama film"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "The Bostonians is allegedly based on the novel \"The Evangelist,\" by Alphonse Daudet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886."
},
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "The movie earned mixed reviews, with a 60% \"fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes."
},
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "Vanessa Redgrave's performance received high marks, however, as well as nominations for the 1984 Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "Further, the movie earned other award nominations for costume design and cinematography."
},
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "The Californians is an updated adaptation of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Unlike much of James' work, The Bostonians deals with explicitly political themes: feminism and the general role of women in society."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "James himself once wrote an observation that The Bostonians had never, \"even to my much-disciplined patience, received any sort of justice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The storyline concerns the struggle between Ransom and Olive for Verena's allegiance and affection, though the novel also includes a wide panorama of political activists, newspaper people, and quirky eccentrics."
}
] |
The Bostonians was originally a film that was about a wealthy family and their business.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bostonians
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A unit consisting of several platoons is called a company/battery."
}
] |
DL1lvCzyllJ3MY5CaAM6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Thailand",
"text": "In infantry units, rifle platoons are generally made up of five squads."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | United States | Historical background",
"text": "The standard procedure, once the company had marched into its position in the line of battle, was for the company to form facing the enemy as two ranks, by platoon, one behind the other."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Germany",
"text": "Three Züge make up a Kompanie (\"company\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Canada",
"text": "Three infantry platoons will make up a typical infantry company, sometimes with a heavy weapons or support platoon in addition."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | United States | Historical background",
"text": "From the 1700s up until the late 1800s in what would become the United States, an infantry platoon was a \"half company\" commanded by a lieutenant, assisted by two sergeants and two corporals (increased in 1861 to four corporals)."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | United States | Historical background",
"text": "Indeed, the sections, as well as the platoons, were primarily administrative sub-units of the company, since tactically the company seldom employed in other than as a massed formation."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | United States | Historical background",
"text": "Field artillery platoons, led by a lieutenant (who rode his own horse), with two or three to a battery, normally consisted of two gun sections."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | United States | Marine Corps",
"text": "In artillery batteries, the firing platoon consists of six artillery sections, each containing one gun with its crew and prime mover (i.e., a truck to tow the artillery piece and transport the gun crew and baggage)."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The suffix \"-on\" can be an augmentative in French, but on the other hand is generally a diminutive in relation to animals, so the original intention in forming peloton from pelote is not immediately obvious."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization",
"text": "On 1 October 1913, under a scheme by General Sir Ivor Maxse, the regular battalions of the British Army were reorganised from the previous eight companies to a four-company structure, with each company having four platoons as separate units each commanded by a lieutenant with a platoon sergeant as his deputy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A unit consisting of several platoons is called a company/battery."
}
] |
A company or a battery is made up of multiple platoons that form a unit.
| 1 | 1 |
Platoon
|
NOCAT
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Beit in Arabic means house, while in Maltese bejt refers to the roof of the house."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Little is known about the earliest origin of the house and its interior, however it can be traced back to the simplest form of shelters."
}
] |
DLEYV74XCbCWRJHVu36o
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The social unit that lives in a house is known as a household."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Little is known about the earliest origin of the house and its interior, however it can be traced back to the simplest form of shelters."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Roman architect Vitruvius' theories have claimed the first form of architecture as a frame of timber branches finished in mud, also known as the primitive hut."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "More recently, builders have begun to collaborate with structural engineers who use finite element analysis to design prefabricated steel-framed homes with known resistance to high wind loads and seismic forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "They include the zero-energy house, the passive solar house, the autonomous buildings, the superinsulated and houses built to the Passivhaus standard."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Beit in Arabic means house, while in Maltese bejt refers to the roof of the house."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal issues",
"text": "New houses in the UK are covered by a National House Building Council guarantee."
},
{
"section_header": "Elements | Layout",
"text": "Ideally, architects of houses design rooms to meet the needs of the people who will live in the house."
},
{
"section_header": "Identification and symbolism",
"text": "A more systematic and general approach to identifying houses may use various methods of house numbering."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some houses only have a dwelling space for one family or similar-sized group; larger houses called townhouses or row houses may contain numerous family dwellings in the same structure."
}
] |
Not a lot is known about the roots of the house.
| 2 | 6 |
House
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The family of Decatur was of French descent on Stephen's father's side, while his mother's family was of Irish ancestry."
}
] |
DLketN2r4eQb1rSz2jJt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen Decatur Jr. (; January 5, 1779 – March 22, 1820) was a United States naval officer and commodore."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The family of Decatur was of French descent on Stephen's father's side, while his mother's family was of Irish ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He was met with much criticism among fellow naval officers, among whom Decatur was one of the most outspoken."
},
{
"section_header": "War of 1812",
"text": "Consequently, the war was fought mostly in the naval theater where Decatur and other naval officers played major roles in the success of the United States' efforts during this time."
},
{
"section_header": "War of 1812 | United States captures Macedonian",
"text": "Macedonian and United States had been berthed next to one another in 1810, in port at Norfolk, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Command of USS United States",
"text": "After taking command of United States, now the rallying point of the young American Navy, Decatur sailed to most of the naval ports on the eastern seaboard and was well received at each stop."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "It was decided that Stephen Jr. would accompany his father aboard a merchant ship on his next voyage to Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Command of USS United States",
"text": "On August 31, Decatur sailed United States to Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "First Barbary War",
"text": "While there Decatur and another American officer were involved in a personal confrontation with a British officer which resulted in Decatur returning to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Command of USS United States",
"text": "In May 1810 Decatur was appointed commander of United States, a heavy frigate with 44 guns."
}
] |
United States naval officer Stephen Decatur Jr. was of French descent on both sides.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen Decatur
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain."
}
] |
DLo1ypXSA22ATg7vKd9y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population density",
"text": "Barcelona is one of the most densely populated cities in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population density",
"text": "For the year 2008 the city council calculated the population to 1,621,090 living in the 102.2 km2 sized municipality, giving the city an average population density of 15,926 inhabitants per square kilometre with Eixample being the most populated district."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population density",
"text": "The 30 most densely populated neighbourhoods accounted for 57.5% of the city population occupying only 22.7% of the municipality, or in other words, 936,406 people living at an average density of 40,322 inhabitants per square kilometre."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population density",
"text": "Of the 73 neighbourhoods in the city, 45 had a population density above 20,000 inhabitants per square kilometre with a combined population of 1,313,424 inhabitants living on 38.6 km2 at an average density of 33,987 inhabitants per square km."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-history",
"text": "The first attributes the founding of the city to the mythological Hercules."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | General information",
"text": "It became the first and most important industrial city in the Mediterranean basin."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights",
"text": "Barcelona won the 1999 RIBA Royal Gold Medal for its architecture, the first (and as of 2015, only) time that the winner has been a city rather than an individual architect."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population density",
"text": "The city's highest density is found at and around the neighbourhood of la Sagrada Família where four of the city's most densely populated neighbourhoods are located side by side, all with a population density above 50,000 inhabitants per square kilometre."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population density",
"text": "Half of the municipality or 50.2 km2, all of it located on the municipal edge is made up of the ten least densely populated neighbourhoods containing less than 10% of the city's population, the uninhabited Zona Franca industrial area and Montjuïc forest park."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and administrative divisions",
"text": "Since the coming of the Spanish democracy, Barcelona had been governed by the PSC, first with an absolute majority and later in coalition with ERC and ICV."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain."
}
] |
Barcelona is the first most populated city.
| 1 | 3 |
Barcelona
|
NOCAT
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo."
}
] |
DMvavLSxdb5LZyTmOvtR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "They reached Kumano, and, with the guidance of a three-legged crow, Yatagarasu (\"eight-span crow\"), they moved to Yamato."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "She was the daughter of Ryūjin, the Japanese sea god."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, the Age of the Gods is the period before Jimmu's accession."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "The Emperor's posthumous name literally means \"divine might\" or \"god-warrior\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "In Yamato, Nigihayahi no Mikoto, who also claimed descent from the Takamagahara gods, was protected by Nagasunehiko."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "A mosquito then tried to steal Jimmu's royal blood but since Jimmu was a god incarnate Emperor, akitsumikami (現御神), a dragonfly killed the mosquito."
}
] |
Emperor Jimmu is legendarily recounted as the child of the three-legged crow god, Yatagarasu.
| 2 | 4 |
Emperor Jimmu
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Custer graduated from West Point in 1861 at the bottom of his class, but as the Civil War was just starting, trained officers were in immediate demand."
}
] |
DN5N8rKo4YDvwF41e6CB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "After graduating from McNeely Normal School in 1856, Custer taught school in Cadiz, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wert, Jeffry D. Custer: The Controversial Life of George Armstrong Custer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Armstrong Custer (December 5, 1839 – June 25, 1876) was a United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the American Indian Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and ancestry",
"text": "According to family letters, Custer was named after George Armstrong, a minister, in his devout mother's hope that her son might join the clergy."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Utley, Robert M. (2001). Cavalier in Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier, revised edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Custer graduated from West Point in 1861 at the bottom of his class, but as the Civil War was just starting, trained officers were in immediate demand."
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments and memorials",
"text": "The George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument of Custer, by Edward Clark Potter, was erected in Monroe, Michigan, Custer's boyhood home, in 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Barnett, Louise (1996) Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer New York, Henry Holt and Company,"
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "A roommate noted, \"It was alright with George Custer, whether he knew his lesson or not; he simply did not allow it to trouble him.\" Under ordinary conditions, Custer's low class rank would result in an obscure posting, the first step in a dead-end career, but Custer had the \"fortune\" to graduate as the Civil War broke out, and the Army had a sudden need for many junior officers."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "It was to train teachers for elementary schools."
}
] |
George Armstrong Custer graduated officer school one of the best in his cohort.
| 0 | 0 |
George Armstrong Custer
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kathleen Doyle Bates (born June 28, 1948) is an American actress and director."
}
] |
DNhFM6KbhwX9osjZUqIn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Memphis, Tennessee, she studied theatre at the Southern Methodist University before moving to New York City to pursue an acting career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She landed minor stage roles before being cast in her first on screen role in Taking Off (1971)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kathleen Doyle Bates (born June 28, 1948) is an American actress and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bates was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the youngest of three daughters of mechanical engineer Langdon Doyle Bates (July 28, 1900 – March 6, 1989) and homemaker Bertye Kathleen (née Talbert; January 26, 1907 – February 15, 1997)."
}
] |
Kathy Bates was born before the 1950s.
| 0 | 0 |
Kathy Bates
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Web and the Rock is an American bildungsroman novel by Thomas Wolfe, published posthumously in the 1939."
}
] |
DNizoYTZSzIFmTuVnJh4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "According to John Halberstadt, \"It was not a finished product in any sense."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Web and the Rock is an American bildungsroman novel by Thomas Wolfe, published posthumously in the 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "According to Halberstadt, Wolfe's later books (including The Web and the Rock) were \"not really written by Wolfe in the usual sense but were predominantly the work of... Aswell.\" Aswell removed the entire first section (covering Webber's ancestors) and later published this as a separate work, The Hills Beyond."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "Thus, The Web and the Rock was very heavily edited by Aswell."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "Maxwell] Perkins had cut from earlier novels, previously published sketches or even short novels, chapters in variant versions, fragments, new writing — only the 'enormous skeleton' of a novel... perhaps one and a quarter million words, some five thousand pages, over two hundred chapters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like its sequel, You Can't Go Home Again (and also The Hills Beyond) it was extracted by Edward Aswell from a larger manuscript after Wolfe's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "Unused parts of the manuscript would later be published as You Can't Go Home Again."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "Kirkus Reviews described The Web and the Rock as a further example of Wolfe's \"utter inability to select and discard, his obsession with himself and his actions and motives and emotional turmoils\" coupled with his \"queer streak of genius\", resulting in a \"turgid outpouring of his own emotional life, put into fictional form\" which demonstrates \"the same weaknesses, even more sharply emphasized, and the same sense of power that made his earlier work memorable\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The book, which like all of Wolfe's major works mirrors Wolfe's own life experience, takes Webber from a Southern small-town boyhood to college (with its escape from the \"web\" of family ties), to New York City where he seeks the meaning of life and attempts to establish himself as a novelist, engages in a stormy affair with the sophisticated married woman Esther Jack (based on Wolfe's real-life affair with Aline Bernstein), goes to Europe, is disillusioned by Hitler's rise to power, and dreams of returning to his home town, but realizes that he can't recapture the past: the book's ending words are the title of his next novel – \"you can't go home again.\" My sister and I were brave and beautiful as children."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The novel's protagonist is George \"Monk\" Webber, a novelist from North Carolina who is clearly based on Wolfe himself and is reminiscent of Eugene Gant, the protagonist of Wolfe's earlier novels Look Homeward, Angel and Of Time and the River, also based by Wolfe on himself."
}
] |
The novel The Web and the Rock was published after his death because according to John Halberstadt it was not finished.
| 0 | 0 |
The Web and the Rock
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, which is also often called the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms."
}
] |
DOFo5ZWWafFZPCP4WGAb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The fermions involved in such exchanges can be either elementary (e.g. electrons or quarks) or composite (e.g. protons or neutrons), although at the deepest levels, all weak interactions ultimately are between elementary particles."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction types | Charged-current interaction",
"text": "Because of the energy involved in the process (i.e., the mass difference between the down quark and the up quark), the W− boson can only be converted into an electron and an electron-antineutrino."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, which is also often called the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "Another example is the electron capture, a common variant of radioactive decay, wherein a proton and an electron within an atom interact, and are changed to a neutron (an up quark is changed to a down quark) and an electron neutrino is emitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "For example, during beta minus decay, a down quark within a neutron is changed into an up quark, thus converting the neutron to a proton and resulting in the emission of an electron and an electron antineutrino."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "The weak interaction has a coupling constant (an indicator of interaction strength) of between 10−7 and 10−6, compared to the strong interaction's coupling constant of 1 and the electromagnetic coupling constant of about 10−2; consequently the weak interaction is ‘weak’ in terms of strength."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction types | Neutral-current interaction",
"text": "In neutral current interactions, a quark or a lepton (e.g., an electron or a muon) emits or absorbs a neutral Z boson."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "In the process known as beta decay, a down quark in the neutron can change into an up quark by emitting a virtual W− boson which is then converted into an electron and an electron antineutrino."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The masses of these bosons are far greater than the mass of a proton or neutron, which is consistent with the short range of the weak force."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "For example, a neutron is heavier than a proton (its partner nucleon), and can decay into a proton by changing the flavour (type) of one of its two down quarks to an up quark."
}
] |
Weak interaction definition is the mechanism of an object between an electron and a proton.
| 2 | 8 |
Weak interaction
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Stories with similar structure",
"text": "A particularly strong inspiration for the 1990 film Jacob's Ladder, for both Bruce Joel Rubin and Adrian Lyne, was Robert Enrico's 1962 short film An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, one of Lyne's favourite movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos",
"text": "Owl Creek Bridge, a 2008 short film by director John Giwa-Amu, won the BAFTA Cymru Award for best short."
}
] |
DOJTdwCrlwwhMXKVQa26
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "It is a somber outlaw ballad that was inspired by the story \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories with similar structure",
"text": "A particularly strong inspiration for the 1990 film Jacob's Ladder, for both Bruce Joel Rubin and Adrian Lyne, was Robert Enrico's 1962 short film An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, one of Lyne's favourite movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In an interview with Afterbuzz, Teen Wolf writer and creator Jeff Davis said that the final sequence of the Season 3 finale (2014) was inspired by \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories with similar structure",
"text": "Among more recent works, David Lynch's later films have been compared to \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\", although they also have been interpreted as the Möbius strip storylines."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In an interview with Trevor Groth, Wyatt said \"The structure of the film's plot was inspired by a well known short story written in the 19th century by Ambrose Bierce called 'An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge'."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 1936, the radio series The Columbia Workshop broadcast an adaptation of \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos",
"text": "Owl Creek Bridge, a 2008 short film by director John Giwa-Amu, won the BAFTA Cymru Award for best short."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" (1890) is a short story by the American writer and Civil War veteran Ambrose Bierce."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In one scene, one of the main characters briefly tells his fellow soldiers about \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\", implying that they may be going trough a similar situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "An Occurrence Remembered, a theatrical retelling of Bierce's An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge and Chickamauga, premiered in the fall of 2001 in New York City under the direction of Lorin Morgan-Richards and lead choreographer Nicole Cavaliere."
}
] |
An occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge has inspired films.
| 1 | 7 |
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thirty were found guilty, nineteen of whom were executed by hanging (fourteen women and five men)."
}
] |
DOmwrWQ2cgkNZzHxNCzn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Spectral evidence",
"text": "Since the jurist Sir Matthew Hale had permitted this evidence, supported by the eminent philosopher, physician and author Thomas Browne, to be used in the Bury St Edmunds witch trial and the accusations against two Lowestoft women, the colonial magistrates also accepted its validity and their trials proceeded."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Spectral evidence",
"text": "The publication A Tryal of Witches, related to the 1662 Bury St Edmunds witch trial, was used by the magistrates at Salem when looking for a precedent in allowing spectral evidence."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Initial events",
"text": "Some historians believe that the accusation by Ann Putnam, Jr. suggests that a family feud may have been a major cause of the witch trials."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Gender context",
"text": "An overwhelming majority of people accused and convicted of witchcraft were women (about 78%)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Accusations",
"text": "The trials were started after people had been accused of witchcraft, primarily by teenage girls such as Elizabeth Hubbard, 17, as well as some who were younger."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Gender context",
"text": "Women who did not conform to the norms of Puritan society were more likely to be the target of an accusation, especially those who were unmarried or did not have children."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources and early discussion",
"text": "Several traveled to Salem in order to gather information about the trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and closure",
"text": "Events in Salem and Danvers in 1992 were used to commemorate the trials."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Witch cake",
"text": "According to a March 27, 1692 entry by Parris in the Records of the Salem-Village Church, a church member and close neighbor of Rev. Parris, Mary Sibley (aunt of Mary Walcott), directed John Indian, a man enslaved by Parris, to make a witch cake."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thirty were found guilty, nineteen of whom were executed by hanging (fourteen women and five men)."
}
] |
The Salem Witch Trials did only accuse women.
| 0 | 0 |
Salem witch trials
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Indonesia is a republic with a presidential system."
}
] |
DOvJGf0iT3G1xXIU5WZv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Modern era",
"text": "Indonesia was the country hardest hit by the 1997 Asian financial crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Indonesia is the world's largest island country and the 14th largest country by land area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups and languages",
"text": "Indonesia is an ethnically diverse country, with around 300 distinct native ethnic groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Indonesia is one of Coral Triangle countries with the world's most enormous diversity of coral reef fish with more than 1,650 species in eastern Indonesia only."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The concept of \"Indonesia\" as a nation-state emerged in the early 20th century and the country proclaimed its independence in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Indonesia has been a humanitarian and development aid recipient since 1966, and recently, the country has expressed interest in becoming an aid donor."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Indonesia is among the only five countries that have won the Thomas and Uber Cup, the world team championship of men's and women's badminton."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Indonesia ( (listen) IN-də-NEE-zhə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia] (listen)), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "Indonesia has a long history in developing military and small commuter aircraft as the only country in Southeast Asia to build and produce aircraft."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority country with 227 million adherents in 2017, with the majority being Sunnis (99%)."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Indonesia is a republic with a presidential system."
}
] |
Indonesia is a country with a dictatorship.
| 0 | 2 |
Indonesia
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died in 1937 of a malignant brain tumor."
}
] |
DP0iWZwxV8mKUlkUIAvq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "George Gershwin asked to study with Ravel."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Namesakes",
"text": "The Gershwin Theatre on Broadway is named after George and Ira."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions",
"text": "Nice Work If You Can Get It (2012), a musical with a score by George and Ira Gershwin"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1985, the Congressional Gold Medal was awarded to George and Ira Gershwin."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Namesakes",
"text": "In Brooklyn, George Gershwin Junior High School 166 is named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "After Ira and George, another boy, Arthur Gershwin (1900–1981), and a girl, Frances Gershwin (1906–1999), were born into the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Estate",
"text": "The George and Ira Gershwin Collection, much of which was donated by Ira and the Gershwin family estates, resides at the Library of Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "\"In 2007, the Library of Congress named its Prize for Popular Song after George and Ira Gershwin."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Biopics",
"text": "The 1945 biographical film Rhapsody in Blue starred Robert Alda as George Gershwin."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings and film",
"text": "In 1945, the film biography Rhapsody in Blue was made, starring Robert Alda as George Gershwin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died in 1937 of a malignant brain tumor."
}
] |
George Gershwin was killed in a hunting accident.
| 3 | 3 |
George Gershwin
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Michael Jeffrey Jordan was born at Cumberland Hospital in the Fort Greene neighborhood of New York City's Brooklyn borough on February 17, 1963, the son of bank employee Deloris (née Peoples) (born 1941) and"
}
] |
DPri1CPGgxf4EaD8s90i
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When he was a toddler, he moved with his family to Wilmington, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Media figure and business interests | Philanthropy",
"text": "Jordan funded two Novant Health Michael Jordan Family Clinics in Charlotte, North Carolina, in 2017 by giving $7 million, the biggest donation he had made at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "College career",
"text": "After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984, Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA draft."
},
{
"section_header": "College career",
"text": "Jordan returned to North Carolina to complete his degree in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jordan was recruited by numerous college basketball programs, including Duke, North Carolina, South Carolina, Syracuse, and Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "As Jordan would later explain during his induction speech in September 2009, when he was growing up in North Carolina, he was not a fan of the Tar Heels and greatly admired Thompson, who played at rival North Carolina State."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jordan played three seasons for coach Dean Smith with the North Carolina Tar Heels."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1981, he accepted a basketball scholarship to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he majored in cultural geography."
},
{
"section_header": "Media figure and business interests | Endorsements",
"text": "The brand has also sponsored college sports programs such as those of North Carolina, California, Georgetown, and Marquette."
},
{
"section_header": "Media figure and business interests | Philanthropy",
"text": "One year later, after Hurricane Florence damaged parts of North Carolina, including his former hometown of Wilmington"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Michael Jeffrey Jordan was born at Cumberland Hospital in the Fort Greene neighborhood of New York City's Brooklyn borough on February 17, 1963, the son of bank employee Deloris (née Peoples) (born 1941) and"
}
] |
Michael Jamison Jordan's family moved to North Carolina before he was five.
| 0 | 0 |
Michael Jordan
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "He could not find a good rhyme with the name \"Marcia\", and so used the name Caroline."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "In 2007 Diamond said he had written \"Sweet Caroline\" for Caroline Kennedy after seeing her on the cover of Life in an equestrian riding outfit, but in 2014, he said in an interview on the Today Show that it was written for his then wife, Marcia."
}
] |
DQ7HIlujHZKlrKnpe5Y6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "The San Diego Union-Tribune wrote: \"This, my friends, wasn’t your grandfather's Neil Diamond concert."
},
{
"section_header": "In pop culture",
"text": "Diamond even wrote and composed a new song, \"I Believe in Happy Endings\", for the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "He wrote and recorded the songs for himself, but the cover versions were released before his own."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "An abbreviated version played over the film's opening titles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "The review in the New York Times stated: Neil Diamond's one-man show seemed, on the face of it, to be a brash idea."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Seeing the widely recognized singer perform, and watching other children singing songs for Seeger that they wrote themselves, had an immediate effect on Diamond, who then became aware of the possibility of writing his own songs. \" And the next thing, I got a guitar when we got back to Brooklyn, started to take lessons and almost immediately began to write songs,\" he said."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "At the time, a national poll found the song to be the number-one most recognized song about America, more than \"God Bless America\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "There he first met Jaye Posner, who would years later become his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "He was able to sell only about one song a week during those years, barely enough to survive on."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial. Though the film's title character is never mentioned in the lyrics, Universal Pictures, which had released E.T."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "He could not find a good rhyme with the name \"Marcia\", and so used the name Caroline."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "In 2007 Diamond said he had written \"Sweet Caroline\" for Caroline Kennedy after seeing her on the cover of Life in an equestrian riding outfit, but in 2014, he said in an interview on the Today Show that it was written for his then wife, Marcia."
}
] |
Neil Diamond wrote one his songs for his wife, but changed the title so that it referenced the nickname he had for her.
| 0 | 0 |
Neil Diamond
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "The parodos contains a paradigmatic example of how in Greek culture obscenity could be included in celebrations related to the gods."
}
] |
DQHFOM8mLW3YJXuY8dED
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Finnegans Wake references this play with the words \"Brékkek Kékkek Kékkek Kékkek!"
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "In the Gilbert and Sullivan light opera The Pirates of Penzance, Major-General Stanley, in his introductory song, includes the fact that he \"knows the croaking chorus from The Frogs of Aristophanes\" in a list of all his scholarly achievements."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Politics",
"text": "Further support includes the presentation of the chorus, who recites these lines, as initiates of the mysteries."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "The parodos contains a paradigmatic example of how in Greek culture obscenity could be included in celebrations related to the gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Euripides gives cleverly worded but essentially meaningless answers while Aeschylus provides more practical advice, and Dionysus decides to take Aeschylus back instead of Euripides."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Brek-ek-ko-ex-ko-ex-SEX!\" Other colleges imitated or parodied the long cheer, including Penn, which adopted the cry, \"Brackey Corax Corix, Roree\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "This is the point of the first choral interlude (parodos), sung by the eponymous chorus of frogs (the only scene in which frogs feature in the play)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Frogs (Greek: Βάτραχοι Bátrachoi, \"Frogs\"; Latin: Ranae, often abbreviated Ran. or Ra.) is a comedy written by the Ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Politics",
"text": "J.T. Sheppard contends that the exiled general Alcibiades is a main focus of The Frogs."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Politics",
"text": "Kenneth Dover claims that the underlying political theme of The Frogs is essentially \"old ways good, new ways bad\"."
}
] |
The Frogs includes curse words when honoring the deities.
| 0 | 4 |
The Frogs
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "Residing on the 41st and 42nd floors, the skybridge connects a conference room, an executive dining room and a prayer room."
}
] |
DQjGXxwKmVla0qHW4JR1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "Visitors are only allowed on the 41st floor as the 42nd floor can only be used by the tenants of the building."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "Residing on the 41st and 42nd floors, the skybridge connects a conference room, an executive dining room and a prayer room."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The towers feature a double decker skybridge connecting the two towers on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest 2-story bridge in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "Another set of 5 passenger lifts transport passengers to the 41st and 42nd floors where they can switch lifts to reach the upper zones of the buildings, each double-deck passenger lift with the capacity of 52 passengers or, 26 passengers per deck."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "All the completed floors were tested but it was found that only one had used a bad batch and it was demolished."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture | Notable events",
"text": "The buildings were largely empty, except the shopping mall, Suria KLCC, because of the late hour; the only people involved were moviegoers and some diners in restaurants."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture | Notable events",
"text": "No one was hurt during the evacuation."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture | Notable events",
"text": "In his first attempt on 20 March 1997, police arrested him at the 60th floor, 28 floors away from the \"summit\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "One half of the site was decayed limestone while the other half was soft rock."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "All main lifts are double-decker with the lower deck of the lift taking passengers to even-numbered floors and upper deck to odd-numbered floors."
}
] |
There is a restaurant on the 41st and 42nd floors.
| 1 | 4 |
Petronas Towers
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early 1950s | Brandeis University",
"text": "Bernstein was a visiting music professor from 1951 to 1956 at Brandeis University, and he founded the Creative Arts Festival there in 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Norton Lectures at Harvard",
"text": "Bernstein was appointed in 1973 to the Charles Eliot Norton Chair as Professor of Poetry at his alma mater, Harvard University, and delivered a series of six televised lectures on music with musical examples played by the Boston Symphony Orchestra."
}
] |
DRTFtGZxwwkYoH80HqKr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-92001-5.— (2013)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-17909-5."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1935–1940: Education",
"text": "was the aesthetics Professor David Prall, whose multidisciplinary outlook on the arts Bernstein shared for the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early 1950s | Brandeis University",
"text": "Bernstein was a visiting music professor from 1951 to 1956 at Brandeis University, and he founded the Creative Arts Festival there in 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and characteristics as a composer",
"text": "Despite the fact that he was a popular success as a composer, Bernstein himself is reported to have been disillusioned that some of his more serious works were not rated more highly by critics, and that he himself had not been able to devote more time to composing because of his conducting and other activities."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Most biographies of Bernstein state that his lifestyle became more excessive and his personal behavior sometimes more reckless and crude after her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1960s | Advocating for composers",
"text": "He also started to more extensively record his own compositions for Columbia Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "; Cambridge: ; Cambridge: Amadeus Press. ISBN 978-1-57467-102-5. — (1976)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early 1950s | New York Philharmonic U.S. State Department tour",
"text": "Bernstein seems to have limited himself to only conducting certain Shostakovich symphonies, namely the numbers 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 14."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Ode to \"Freedom\"",
"text": "The concert was broadcast live in more than twenty countries to an estimated audience of 100 million people."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Norton Lectures at Harvard",
"text": "Bernstein was appointed in 1973 to the Charles Eliot Norton Chair as Professor of Poetry at his alma mater, Harvard University, and delivered a series of six televised lectures on music with musical examples played by the Boston Symphony Orchestra."
}
] |
Bernstien was a professor for more than 5 years.
| 0 | 3 |
Leonard Bernstein
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film portrays multiple stories taking place in Morocco, Japan, Mexico and the United States."
}
] |
DRdBvo3ak3k7GklGJBDU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Babel has four main strains of actions and characters which are location based."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Globalization",
"text": "Also, Babel portrays through its narration the simultaneous developments of incidents across borders, countries and space, in general."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "Director Alejandro González Iñarritu weaves four of their woeful stories into this mature and multidimensional film."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Babel as a Network Narrative",
"text": "Babel can be analyzed as a network narrative in which its characters, scattered across the globe, represent different nodes of a network that is connected by various strands."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Globalization",
"text": "The film also comments on the negative effects tourism can have in poverty-stricken countries and how difficult tourism and foreign politics can become when catastrophes occur."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Globalization",
"text": "Again, the title of the movie Babel reinforces the notion of globalization, as the characters communicate in different languages, not necessarily with each other, but across borders, which is only possible due to globalization."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Babel as a Network Narrative",
"text": "It shows how a single object can serve as a connection between many different characters (or nodes in a network) who don't necessarily need to know each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | United States/Mexico",
"text": "Amelia has passports for all four travelers, but no letter of consent from the children's parents allowing her to take them out of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Babel was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Babel's $25 million budget came from an array of different sources and investors anchored with Paramount Vantage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film portrays multiple stories taking place in Morocco, Japan, Mexico and the United States."
}
] |
The film Babel is set in four different countries.
| 1 | 3 |
Babel (film)
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of 2019, Uber was estimated to have over 110 million worldwide users."
}
] |
DRnT1fN6HIrj29cIw1nD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company is based in San Francisco and has operations in over 785 metropolitan areas worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of 2019, Uber was estimated to have over 110 million worldwide users."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Service options | Offered",
"text": "Bike is a dockless bicycle-sharing system that allows users to rent electric bicycles via Uber subsidiary Jump Bikes in nine metropolitan areas in the United States including San Francisco and Washington,"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Self-driving car research",
"text": "The company is going to resume testing in San Francisco, where its main office is based."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In August 2014, Uber launched UberPOOL, a carpooling service in the San Francisco Bay Area."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Uber Rent, powered by Getaround, was a peer-to-peer carsharing service available to some users in San Francisco between May 2018 and November 2018.In March 2019, Uber proposed the idea of acquiring Careem, a transportation network company based in Dubai for $3.1 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Self-driving car research | Cancellation of research on autonomous trucks",
"text": "After spending over $925 million to develop autonomous trucks, Uber cancelled its self-driving truck program in July 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Self-driving car research",
"text": "spending on self-driving vehicle research to have reached as high as $200 million per quarter."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Graves became the company's chief operating officer (COO).In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after receiving complaints from San Francisco taxi operators."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | User privacy and data breaches | Data breaches",
"text": "The hackers located credentials for the company's Amazon Web Services datastore in the repository files, and were able to obtain access to the account records of users and drivers, as well as other data contained in over 100 Amazon S3 buckets."
}
] |
Uber is based in San Francisco and has operations in over 785 metropolitan areas worldwide, and was estimated to have over 200 million worldwide users.
| 0 | 0 |
Uber
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical perspective",
"text": "Monteverdi's surviving operas are today regularly performed; the website Operabase notes 555 performances of the operas in 149 productions worldwide in the seasons 2011–2016, ranking Monteverdi at 30th position for all composers, and at 8th ranking for Italian opera composers."
}
] |
DSPfGrLwo1PMuuVDS2oj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (, also US: ; Italian: [ˈklaudjo monteˈverdi] (listen); baptized 15 May 1567 – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, string player, choirmaster, and priest."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical perspective",
"text": "It is, as Redlich and others have pointed out, the composers of the 20th and 21st century who have rediscovered Monteverdi and sought to make his music a basis for their own."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is now established both as a significant influence in European musical history and as a composer whose works are regularly performed and recorded."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Largely forgotten during the eighteenth and much of the nineteenth centuries, his works enjoyed a rediscovery around the beginning of the twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical perspective",
"text": "Monteverdi is lauded by modern critics as \"the most significant composer in late Renaissance and early Baroque Italy\"; \"one of the principal composers in the history of Western music\"; and, routinely, as the first great opera composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Background: Italy in the time of Monteverdi",
"text": "Monteverdi is usually described as an \"Italian\" composer, even though in his lifetime the concept of \"Italy\" existed only as a geographical entity."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical perspective",
"text": "Monteverdi's surviving operas are today regularly performed; the website Operabase notes 555 performances of the operas in 149 productions worldwide in the seasons 2011–2016, ranking Monteverdi at 30th position for all composers, and at 8th ranking for Italian opera composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Venice 1613–1643 | Pause: 1630–1637",
"text": "In 1631, Monteverdi was admitted to the tonsure, and was ordained deacon, and later priest, in 1632."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Background: Renaissance to Baroque",
"text": "Solo singing with instrumental accompaniment, or monody, acquired greater significance towards the end of the 16th century, replacing polyphony as the principal means of dramatic music expression."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical perspective",
"text": "L'incoronazione in February 1913 and Il ritorno in May 1925.The Italian nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio lauded Monteverdi and in his novel Il fuoco (1900) wrote of \"il divino Claudio ... what a heroic soul, purely Italian in its essence!\" His vision of Monteverdi as the true founder of Italian musical lyricism was adopted by musicians who worked with the regime of Benito Mussolini (1922–1945), including Francesco Malipiero, Luigi Dallapiccola, and Mario Labroca, who contrasted Monteverdi with the decadence of the music of Richard Strauss, Claude Debussy and Igor Stravinsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera"
}
] |
Claudio Monteverdi was an Italian priest with significant influence who composed religious music and opera pieces that were rediscovered in the twentieth century.
| 0 | 0 |
Claudio Monteverdi
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Chess",
"text": "Franklin was an avid chess player."
}
] |
DSXufcaMymsRKvbS6d8k
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "CMA CGM Benjamin Franklin, a Chinese-built French-owned Explorer-class container ship"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "Franklin Field, a football field once home to the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League and the home field of the University of Pennsylvania Quakers since 1895 Philadelphia's Benjamin Franklin Parkway (a major thoroughfare) The Benjamin Franklin Bridge across the Delaware River between Philadelphia and Camden, New Jersey"
},
{
"section_header": "Chess",
"text": "No records of his games have survived, so it is not possible to ascertain his playing strength in modern terms."
},
{
"section_header": "Chess",
"text": "This essay in praise of chess and prescribing a code of behavior for the game has been widely reprinted and translated."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical endeavors",
"text": "Franklin never patented his inventions; in his autobiography he wrote, \"... as we enjoy great advantages from the inventions of others, we should be glad of an opportunity to serve others by any invention of ours; and this we should do freely and generously.\" Franklin is known to have played the violin, the harp, and the guitar."
},
{
"section_header": "Chess",
"text": "Franklin was able to play chess more frequently against stronger opposition during his many years as a civil servant and diplomat in England, where the game was far better established than in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | William Franklin",
"text": "A Loyalist to the king, William Franklin and his father Benjamin eventually broke relations over their differences about the American Revolutionary War, as Benjamin Franklin could never accept William's position."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706"
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Decades in London | Political work in London",
"text": "It opened to the public as the Benjamin Franklin House museum in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Exhibitions",
"text": "Benjamin Franklin and Dashkova met only once, in Paris in 1781."
},
{
"section_header": "Chess",
"text": "Franklin was an avid chess player."
}
] |
Benjamin Franklin enjoyed the game of checkers.
| 0 | 0 |
Benjamin Franklin
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "I've never been a religious person."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "she does not follow any set religion, she periodically practices Buddhism."
}
] |
DSZ1IQGtYT4YkaRmng1Y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "They should call up Jessica Lange."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Humanitarian work and political views",
"text": "Lange has joined the opposition to Minnesota's wolf hunt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to acting, Lange is a photographer with four published works."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Lange was born in Cloquet, Minnesota, on April 20, 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "In 2015, Lange announced that she would not return for the series' fifth season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "Lange has been cast opposite Gwyneth Paltrow in the Netflix series"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lange was married to photographer Francisco \"Paco\" Grande from 1970 to 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Humanitarian work and political views",
"text": "Lange also fostered a Romanian child with disabilities during the early 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "\"At the close of the decade, Bob Fosse, whom Lange had befriended and with whom she had carried on a casual romantic affair, cast Lange as the Angel of Death, a part that he had written specifically for her in his semi-autobiographical film, All That Jazz (1979)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, Entertainment Weekly listed Lange among the 25 Greatest Actresses of the 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "I've never been a religious person."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "she does not follow any set religion, she periodically practices Buddhism."
}
] |
Lange is a dedicated Catholic.
| 0 | 0 |
Jessica Lange
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born to actor Henry Fonda and socialite Frances Ford Seymour, Fonda made her acting debut with the 1960 Broadway play There Was a Little Girl, for which she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play, and made her screen debut later the same year with the romantic comedy Tall Story."
}
] |
DShICcTvxYR02VLG3CCg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "I was taught by my father [actor Henry Fonda]"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "In 1982, Fonda released her first exercise video, titled Jane Fonda's Workout, inspired by her best-selling book, Jane Fonda's Workout Book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1982, she released her first exercise video, Jane Fonda's Workout, which became the highest-selling VHS of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "The father-daughter rift depicted on screen closely paralleled the real-life relationship between the two Fondas; they eventually became the first father-daughter duo to earn Oscar nominations (Jane earned her first Best Supporting Actress Oscar nomination) for their roles in the same film."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "Jane Fonda's Workout became the highest selling home video of the next few years, selling over a million copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "On Golden Pond, which also starred four-time Oscar winner Katharine Hepburn, brought Henry Fonda his only Academy Award for Best Actor, which Jane accepted on his behalf, as he was ill and could not leave home."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Return and new career prospects (2005–present)",
"text": "She also appeared in Fathers and Daughters (2015) with Russell Crowe."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "Fonda's autobiography was well received by book critics and noted to be \"as beguiling and as maddening as Jane Fonda herself\" in its review in The Washington Post, calling her a \"beautiful bundle of contradictions\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Career beginnings (1950s–1962)",
"text": "Fonda said, \"I went to the Actors Studio and Lee Strasberg told me I had talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Resurgence and critical acclaim (1970–1979)",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also praised Fonda's performance, even suggesting that the film should have been titled Bree after her character: \"What is it about Jane Fonda that makes her such a fascinating actress to watch?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born to actor Henry Fonda and socialite Frances Ford Seymour, Fonda made her acting debut with the 1960 Broadway play There Was a Little Girl, for which she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play, and made her screen debut later the same year with the romantic comedy Tall Story."
}
] |
Jane Fonda's father was an actor too.
| 1 | 6 |
Jane Fonda
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Modern historians have pointed out that two years would not be enough time to decorate and build such an extravagant building."
}
] |
DTK57KDjpXP1VUZcR63s
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Modern historians have pointed out that two years would not be enough time to decorate and build such an extravagant building."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "Artemisia lived for only two years after the death of her husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "Newton then excavated the site and found sections of the reliefs that decorated the wall of the building and portions of the stepped roof."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Many of the stones from the ruins were used by the knights to fortify their castle at Bodrum; they also recovered bas-reliefs with which they decorated the new building."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "Today this dock is known at Dock No. 1 in Cospicua, but the building blocks are hidden from view, submerged in Dockyard Creek in the Grand Harbour."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "At some point before or after this, grave robbers broke into and destroyed the underground burial chamber, but in 1972 there was still enough of it remaining to determine a layout of the chambers when they were excavated."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "Artemisia spared no expense in building the tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "It is likely that Mausolus started to plan the tomb before his death, as part of the building works in Halicarnassus, so that when he died, Artemisia continued the building project."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "They commissioned statues, temples and buildings of gleaming marble."
},
{
"section_header": "Dimensions and statues",
"text": "The height of the building was 43 metres (140 ft)."
}
] |
The historians of today have pointed out that two years would not be enough to decorate and build such an extravagant building.
| 2 | 4 |
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Medea (; Ancient Greek: Μήδεια, Mēdeia, Georgian: მედეა, Medea) is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "One of the only uncontested facts is that she is a direct descendant of the sun god Helios (son of the Titan Hyperion) through her father King Aeëtes of Colchis."
}
] |
DTMdzzl1MiqQDERHvhYm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "Afterward, she left Corinth and flew to Athens in a golden chariot driven by dragons sent by her grandfather, Helios, god of the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "One of the only uncontested facts is that she is a direct descendant of the sun god Helios (son of the Titan Hyperion) through her father King Aeëtes of Colchis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Medea (; Ancient Greek: Μήδεια, Mēdeia, Georgian: მედეა, Medea) is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "Although Jason in Euripides calls Medea most hateful to gods and men, the fact that the chariot is given to her by Helios indicates that she still has the gods on her side."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "Other accounts, like Euripides' play Medea, focus on her mortality, although she transcends the mortal world at the end of the play with the help of her grandfather Helios and his sun chariot."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "According to Hesiod (Theogony 956–962), Helios and the Oceanid Perseis produced two children Circe and Aeetes."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "She is directly influenced by the Greek gods (through Hera and Aphrodite) and while she possesses magical abilities, she is still a mortal with divine ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "Just like these gods, Medea “interrupts and puts a stop to the violent action of the human being on the lower level, … justifies her savage revenge on the grounds that she has been treated with disrespect and mockery, … takes measures and gives orders for the burial of the dead, prophesies the future,” and “announces the foundation of a cult."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "There are also many nautical references throughout the play either used by other characters when describing Medea or by Medea herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "Instead of being the center of the story like she is in Euripides' Medea, this version of Medea is reduced to a supporting role."
}
] |
Medea is not related to the sun god Helios.
| 0 | 0 |
Medea
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Scholarship | Subtext of the names Eloi and Morlock",
"text": "The name Eloi is the Hebrew plural for Elohim, or lesser gods, in the Old Testament."
}
] |
DTMhQFT0acB6RIuclY2m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Time Traveller stops in A.D. 802,701, where he meets the Eloi, a society of small, elegant, childlike adults."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film adaptations | 2002 film",
"text": "In this film, the Eloi have, as a tradition, preserved a \"stone language\" that is identical to English."
},
{
"section_header": "Scholarship | Subtext of the names Eloi and Morlock",
"text": "The name Morlock may also be a play on mollocks – what miners might call themselves – or a Scots word for rubbish, or a reference to the Morlacchi community in Dalmatia."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio and audio | 1994 Alien Voices audio drama",
"text": "Some changes are made to reflect modern language and knowledge of science."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Derivative work | Time After Time (1979 film)",
"text": "The Ripper, fleeing police, escapes to the future (1979), but without a key which prevents the machine from remaining in the future."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Wells had considered the notion of time travel before, in a short story titled \"The Chronic Argonauts\" (1888)."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels by other authors",
"text": "After many years' absence, the Time Traveller returns and describes his further adventures."
},
{
"section_header": "The Time Traveller",
"text": "The events of this story are portrayed as having inspired Wells to write The Time Machine."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The book's protagonist is a Victorian English scientist and gentleman inventor living in Richmond, Surrey, identified by a narrator simply as the Time Traveller."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Derivative work | Time After Time (1979 film)",
"text": "When it does return home, Wells follows him in order to protect the future (which he imagines to be a utopia) from the Ripper."
},
{
"section_header": "Scholarship | Subtext of the names Eloi and Morlock",
"text": "The name Eloi is the Hebrew plural for Elohim, or lesser gods, in the Old Testament."
}
] |
The Eloi of the book's described future were small, childlike, and have a title derived from the word 'cow' in a foreign language.
| 0 | 2 |
The Time Machine
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Abraham Lincoln (; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 to 1865."
}
] |
DUDCmKmWiIUwRZG9F1dr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Reunification of the states",
"text": "The term \"the United States\" has historically been used, sometimes in the plural (\"these United States\"), and other times in the singular."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memory and memorials",
"text": "The United States Navy Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) is named after Lincoln, the second Navy ship to bear his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Abraham Lincoln (; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 to 1865."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Judicial appointments | Other judicial appointments",
"text": "Lincoln appointed 27 judges to the United States district courts but no judges to the United States circuit courts during his time in office."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lincoln is remembered as the United States' martyr hero, and he is consistently ranked as the greatest U.S. president in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Republican politics 1854–1860 | Emergence as Republican leader",
"text": "The year's elections showed the strong opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, and in the aftermath, Lincoln sought election to the United States Senate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also encouraged border states to outlaw slavery, and promoted the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed slavery across the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memory and memorials",
"text": "Lincoln's portrait appears on two denominations of United States currency, the penny and the $5 bill."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Other enactments",
"text": "The Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 and 1864 granted federal support for the construction of the United States' First Transcontinental Railroad, which was completed in 1869."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Reconstruction",
"text": "With ratification, it became the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on December 6, 1865.Lincoln believed the federal government had limited responsibility to the millions of freedmen."
}
] |
Abraham Lincoln was the fifteenth president of the United States.
| 2 | 4 |
Abraham Lincoln
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams, published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The voice cast included John Hurt, Richard Briers, Harry Andrews, Simon Cadell, Nigel Hawthorne, and Roy Kinnear."
}
] |
DUIshWciRY0Qqa6H080J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 1978 Martin Rosen wrote and directed an animated film adaptation of Watership Down."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was adapted into an animated feature film in 1978, and later, an animated children's television series, which ran from 1999 to 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Lapine language",
"text": "The language was again used in Adams' 1996 sequel, Tales from Watership Down, and has appeared in both the film and television adaptations."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Miniseries",
"text": "It received generally positive reviews, with praise for the performances of its voice cast, but receiving criticism for its tone and the quality of the computer animation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams, published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Lapine language",
"text": "\"Lapine\" is a fictional language created by author Richard Adams for the novel, where it is spoken by the rabbit characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The voice cast included John Hurt, Richard Briers, Harry Andrews, Simon Cadell, Nigel Hawthorne, and Roy Kinnear."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Watership Down was Richard Adams' debut novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ownership controversy",
"text": "On 27 May 2020, the high court in London ruled that Martin Rosen, the director of the 1978 film adaptation, had wrongly claimed that he owned all rights to the book, as well as terminating his contract for rights to the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The film has also seen some positive critical attention."
}
] |
The 1972 novel Watership Down was adapted into a 1978 film with Arnold Schwarzenegger performing the voice of Lapine.
| 0 | 0 |
Watership Down
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) (1946–1963, 1965), all but the last for the New York Yankees."
}
] |
DVkLPphfPR7sgyCv6onI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Berra appeared as a player, coach or manager in every one of the 13 World Series that New York baseball teams won from 1947 through 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "One of the most notable games of Berra's playing career came when he caught Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series, the first of only two no-hitters ever thrown in MLB postseason play."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors | Yogi Berra Museum, Learning Center, and Yogi Berra Stadium",
"text": "In 1998, the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center and Yogi Berra Stadium (home of the New Jersey Jackals and Montclair State University baseball teams) opened on the campus of Montclair State University in Upper Montclair, New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Playing style",
"text": "He was also one of only four catchers ever to field 1.000 in a season, playing 88 errorless games in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is one of only six players to win the American League Most Valuable Player Award three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "He played in more than a hundred games in each of the following 14 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Yogi: The Autobiography of a Professional Baseball Player, Yogi Berra and Ed Fitzgerald (1961) LOC: 61-6504 OCLC 937429264 Behind the Plate, Lawrence Yogi Berra and Til Ferdenzi (1962) ISBN 978"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 1998, Berra appeared at No. 40 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and fan balloting elected him to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Berra's sons also played professional sports: Dale Berra played shortstop for the Pittsburgh Pirates, New York Yankees (managed by Yogi in 1984–85), and Houston Astros; Tim Berra played pro football for the Baltimore Colts in the 1974 NFL season; and Larry Berra played for three minor league teams in the New York Mets organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Playing style",
"text": "Contrasting him with teammate Mickey Mantle, Wynn declared Berra \"the real toughest clutch hitter\", grouping him with Cleveland slugger Al Rosen as \"the two best clutch hitters in the game\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) (1946–1963, 1965), all but the last for the New York Yankees."
}
] |
Yogi Berra is a baseball player who played for nineteen years on two different professional teams.
| 4 | 7 |
Yogi Berra
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first two films also won her Golden Globe Awards."
}
] |
DVzr56qkYcfDrHnhQSW4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Middle from 2010-2017 and the Netflix series Grace and Frankie since 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first two films also won her Golden Globe Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason starred in her own series, Sibs, which ran from 1991–92."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason played Patricia Heaton's mother in ABC comedy series"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason starred on Broadway in a revival of Night of the Iguana in 1996, and the following year in Michael Cristofer's Amazing Grace."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marsha Mason (born April 3, 1942) is an American actress and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1977, Mason's performance in Simon's smash hit film, The Goodbye Girl, won her a second Best Actress Academy Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The Middle from 2010 to its conclusion in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She appeared in A Feminine Ending at Playwrights Horizons, and in the Shakespeare Theater Company's performance of All's Well That Ends Well in Washington, D.C.Mason's recent television work includes guest roles on Seinfeld, Lipstick Jungle, and Army Wives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was married for ten years (1973–1983) to the playwright and screenwriter Neil Simon, who was the writer of three of her four Oscar-nominated roles."
}
] |
Marsha Mason won three Golden Globes and has performed on Broadway, acted on television series like The Middle and Netflix series Grace and Frankie.
| 2 | 6 |
Marsha Mason
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts."
}
] |
DWHB9eKx3WwGgkpF5GeV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | League of Nations",
"text": "The largest bloc, led by Lodge, comprised a majority of the Republicans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lodge served as Chairman of the 1900 and 1908 Republican National Conventions."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career",
"text": "Along with his close friend Theodore Roosevelt, Lodge was sympathetic to the concerns of the Mugwump faction of the Republican Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference and Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, emerging as the leader of the Senate Republicans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | World War I",
"text": "He also served as chairman of the Senate Republican Conference from 1918 to 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career",
"text": "The Democrats had made significant gains in Massachusetts and the Republicans were split between the progressive and conservative wings, with Lodge trying to mollify both sides."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A member of the conservative wing of the Republican Party, Lodge opposed Roosevelt's third party bid for president in 1912, but the two remained close friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | League of Nations",
"text": "Lodge was also motivated by political concerns; he strongly disliked Wilson personally and was eager to find an issue for the Republican Party to run on in the presidential election of 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | World War I",
"text": "His leadership of the Senate Republicans has led some to retrospectively call him the de facto Senate Majority Leader."
}
] |
Lodge was a Republican.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Cabot Lodge
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taylor previously was a career officer in the United States Army, rose to the rank of major general and became a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican–American War."
}
] |
DWRi1nn8Kf2Q0dy6ojk3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Election of 1848",
"text": "In his capacity as a career officer, Taylor had never publicly revealed his political beliefs before 1848 nor voted before that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1849–1850) | Compromise attempts and final days",
"text": "Before joining the Taylor cabinet, Secretary of War Crawford had served as a lawyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1848",
"text": "Well before the American victory at Buena Vista, political clubs were formed which supported Taylor for president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taylor became the first president to be elected without having served in a prior political office."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1849–1850) | Death",
"text": "Over the course of several days, he became severely ill with an unknown digestive ailment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His top priority as president was preserving the Union, but he died sixteen months into his term, before making any progress on the status of slavery, which had been inflaming tensions in Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "Richard Scott \"Dick\" Taylor (1826–1879), became a Confederate Army general; married Louise Marie Myrthe Bringier in 1851."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1849–1850) | Transition and inauguration",
"text": "Senator Reverdy Johnson of Maryland accepted appointment as Attorney General, and Johnson became one of the most influential members of Taylor's cabinet."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Mexican–American War",
"text": "If the judgment was against him he would have gone on and done the best he could with the means at hand without parading his grievance before the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1849–1850) | Transition and inauguration",
"text": "George W. Crawford, a former Governor of Georgia, accepted the position of Secretary of War, while Congressman William B. Preston of Virginia became Secretary of the Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taylor previously was a career officer in the United States Army, rose to the rank of major general and became a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican–American War."
}
] |
Taylor was a salesmen before he became a president.
| 0 | 2 |
Zachary Taylor
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Respiration",
"text": "There are no respiratory organs, and both cell layers absorb oxygen from and expel carbon dioxide into the surrounding water."
}
] |
DX0hL1v5pVuhClvVtbvR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Locomotion",
"text": "Medusae swim by a form of jet propulsion: muscles, especially inside the rim of the bell, squeeze water out of the cavity inside the bell, and the springiness of the mesoglea powers the recovery stroke."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Basic body forms",
"text": "Since these animals have no heads, their ends are described as \"oral\" (nearest the mouth) and \"aboral\" (furthest from the mouth)."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Cnidocytes",
"text": "The main components of a cnidocyte are: A cilium (fine hair) which projects above the surface and acts as a trigger."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Main cell layers",
"text": "The mesoglea contains small numbers of amoeba-like cells, and muscle cells in some species."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Cnidocytes",
"text": "It is difficult to study the firing mechanisms of cnidocytes as these structures are small but very complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Distinguishing features",
"text": "Cnidarians are distinguished from all other animals by having cnidocytes that fire harpoon like structures and are usually used mainly to capture prey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Not all cnidarians reproduce sexually, with many species having complex life cycles of asexual polyp stages and sexual medusae."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Cnidocytes",
"text": "Spirocysts do not penetrate the victim or inject venom, but entangle it by means of small sticky hairs on the thread."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Regeneration",
"text": "Medusae have limited ability to regenerate, but polyps can do so from small pieces or even collections of separated cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Skeletons",
"text": "Hydra and most sea anemones close their mouths when they are not feeding, and the water in the digestive cavity then acts as a hydrostatic skeleton, rather like a water-filled balloon."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Respiration",
"text": "There are no respiratory organs, and both cell layers absorb oxygen from and expel carbon dioxide into the surrounding water."
}
] |
Jellyfishes have a small organ inside their heads that act as a lung.
| 1 | 3 |
Cnidaria
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One subplot revolves around a conflict between four Athenian lovers, one about a group of six amateur actors who have to act out their interpretation of the play 'Pyramus and Thisbe' at the wedding of Theseus and Hippolyta."
}
] |
DXGS7t3uqHUDb2w7uUbI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Musical versions",
"text": "George Balanchine was another to create a Midsummer Night's Dream ballet based on the play, using Mendelssohn's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Gallery",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream in Art"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and motifs | Loss of individual identity",
"text": "It seems that a desire to lose one's individuality and find identity in the love of another is what quietly moves the events of A Midsummer Night's Dream."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Literary",
"text": "Neil Gaiman's comic series The Sandman uses the play in the 1990 issue A Midsummer Night's Dream."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 17th and 18th centuries",
"text": "When the theatres re-opened in 1660, A Midsummer Night's Dream was acted in adapted form, like many other Shakespearean plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film adaptations",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream has been adapted as a film many times."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st centuries",
"text": "He used not only the Midsummer Night's Dream music but also several other pieces by Mendelssohn."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st centuries",
"text": "Shakespeare in the Arb has produced A Midsummer Night's Dream three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Critical history | 17th century",
"text": "Based on this reasoning, Dryden defended the merits of three fantasy plays: A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Tempest, and Ben Jonson's Masque of Witches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One subplot revolves around a conflict between four Athenian lovers, one about a group of six amateur actors who have to act out their interpretation of the play 'Pyramus and Thisbe' at the wedding of Theseus and Hippolyta."
}
] |
A Midsummer Night's Dream is a play that has another play inside of it.
| 0 | 0 |
A Midsummer Night's Dream
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His major works include the Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (Trout Quintet), the Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759 (Unfinished Symphony), the ”Great” Symphony No. 9 in C major, D. 944, the String Quintet (D. 956), the three last piano sonatas (D. 958–960), the opera Fierrabras (D. 796), the incidental music to the play Rosamunde (D. 797), and the song cycles Die schöne Müllerin (D. 795) and Winterreise (D. 911)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Franz Peter Schubert (German: [ˈfʁant͡s ˈpeːtɐ ˈʃuːbɐt]; 31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras."
}
] |
DYOMcpbdUFAz9LGU2b59
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "In a survey conducted by the ABC Classic FM radio station in 2008, Schubert's chamber works dominated the field, with the Trout Quintet ranked first, the String Quintet in C major ranked second, and the Notturno in E-flat major for piano trio ranked third."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms and other 19th-century composers discovered and championed his works."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His major works include the Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (Trout Quintet), the Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759 (Unfinished Symphony), the ”Great” Symphony No. 9 in C major, D. 944, the String Quintet (D. 956), the three last piano sonatas (D. 958–960), the opera Fierrabras (D. 796), the incidental music to the play Rosamunde (D. 797), and the song cycles Die schöne Müllerin (D. 795) and Winterreise (D. 911)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Musical maturity",
"text": "That month, Schubert composed a Variation on a Waltz by Diabelli (D 718), being one of the fifty composers who contributed to the Vaterländischer Künstlerverein publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Franz Peter Schubert (German: [ˈfʁant͡s ˈpeːtɐ ˈʃuːbɐt]; 31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Support from friends",
"text": "The pay was relatively good, and his duties teaching piano and singing to the two daughters were relatively light, allowing him to compose happily."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years and masterworks",
"text": "post. 159), the Impromptus for piano, and the two piano trios (the first in B-flat major (D. 898), and the second in E-flat major, (D. 929); in 1828 the cantata Mirjams Siegesgesang (Victory Song of Miriam, D 942) on a text by Franz Grillparzer, the Mass in E-flat major (D. 950), the Tantum Ergo (D. 962) in the same key, the String Quintet in C major (D. 956), the second \"Benedictus\" to the Mass in C major (D. 961), the three final piano sonatas (D. 958, D. 959, and D. 960), and the collection 13 Lieder nach Gedichten von"
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style | Instrumental music, stage works and church music",
"text": "It also appears in unusual choices of instrumentation, as in the Sonata in A minor for arpeggione and piano (D. 821), or the unconventional scoring of the Trout Quintet (D. 667), which is scored for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass, whereas conventional piano quintets are scored for piano and string quartet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, Schubert is ranked among the greatest composers of Western classical music and his music continues to be popular."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "\" Some prominent musicians share a similar view, including the pianist Radu Lupu, who said: \"[Schubert] is the composer for whom I am really most sorry that he died so young. ... Just before he died, when he wrote his beautiful two-cello String Quintet in C, he said very modestly that he was trying to learn a little more about counterpoint, and he was perfectly right."
}
] |
Franz Schubert was a composer who composed the Piano Quintet in A major.
| 2 | 4 |
Franz Schubert
|
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