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Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lazzeri also played semi-professional baseball and trained to become a prizefighter."
}
] |
ECejcRBnClvaDPNARc2f
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "In a bases loaded situation in the seventh inning of the deciding game, Grover Cleveland Alexander struck out Lazzeri to save the series for the Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lazzeri also played semi-professional baseball and trained to become a prizefighter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lazzeri was posthumously inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Lazzeri is also the only player in major league baseball to hit a natural cycle with the final home run being a grand slam on June 3, 1932.The Veterans Committee elected Lazzeri to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After playing in minor league baseball from 1922 through 1925, Lazzeri joined the Yankees in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "Baseball experts solicited by Billy Evans named Lazzeri the consensus best second baseman in the AL."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anthony Michael Lazzeri (December 6, 1903 – August 6, 1946) was an Italian-American professional baseball second baseman during the 1920s and 1930s, predominantly with the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He dropped out of school to work with his father as a boilermaker, but at the age of 18, began to play baseball professionally."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "Lazzeri received his release on June 7.Lazzeri then returned to minor league baseball, where he managed the Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League for the remainder of the 1939 season and entire 1940 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lazzeri is one of only 14 major league baseball players to hit for the natural cycle (hitting a single, double, triple and home run in sequence) and the only player to complete a natural cycle with a grand slam."
}
] |
Lazzeri particpated in baseball to pay of his student loans.
| 0 | 0 |
Tony Lazzeri
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "The site was first noted in a survey conducted by Istanbul University and the University of Chicago in 1963."
}
] |
EDLbtTUzufUpQI0QoNDt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "He reviewed the archaeological literature on the surrounding area, found the 1963 Chicago researchers’ brief description of Göbekli Tepe, and decided to reexamine the site."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer II",
"text": "A pair decorated with fierce-looking lions is the rationale for the name \"lion pillar building\" by which their enclosure is known."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "American archaeologist Peter Benedict identified lithics collected from the surface of the site as belonging to the Aceramic Neolithic, but mistook stone slabs (the upper parts of the T-shaped pillars) for grave markers, postulating that the prehistoric phase was overlain by a Byzantine cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe is on a flat and barren plateau, with buildings fanning in all directions."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer II",
"text": "Also, an older layer at Gobekli features some related sculptures portraying animals on human heads."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The authors also say that, compared to previous estimations, the amount of manpower required to build Göbekli Tepe should be multiplied by three."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "Most of these constructions seem to be smaller than Göbekli Tepe, and their placement evenly between contemporary settlements indicates that they were local social-ritual gathering places, with Göbekli Tepe perhaps as a regional centre."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "The site was first noted in a survey conducted by Istanbul University and the University of Chicago in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "In 1994, Klaus Schmidt of the German Archaeological Institute, who had previously been working at Nevalı Çori, was looking for another site to excavate."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "So far none of the smaller sites are so old as the lowest Level III of Göbekli Tepe, but contemporary with its younger Level II (mostly rectangular buildings, though Harbetsuvan is circular)."
}
] |
Gobekli Tepe was found in 1963 by Peter Benedict while the was looking for a place to build his lab.
| 0 | 3 |
Göbekli Tepe
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Stapleton's first husband was Max Allentuck, general manager to the producer Kermit Bloomgarden, and her second was playwright David Rayfiel, from whom she divorced in 1966."
}
] |
EE5Vu1ow0LG5sWDNNpqN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lois Maureen Stapleton (June 21, 1925 – March 13, 2006) was an American actress in film, theater, and television."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Stapleton was born in Troy, New York, the daughter of John P. Stapleton and Irene (née Walsh), and grew up in a strict Irish American Catholic family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stapleton made her Broadway debut in 1946 in The Playboy of the Western World, and went on to win the 1951 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for The Rose Tattoo and the 1971 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for The Gingerbread Lady."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "That same year, she played the role of \"Iras\" in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra in a touring production by actress and producer Katharine Cornell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She also won an Emmy Award for the television film Among the Paths to Eden (1967), and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for Reds (1981), directed by Warren Beatty, in which she portrayed the Lithuanian-born anarchist, Emma Goldman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Stapleton's film career, though limited, brought her immediate success, with her debut in Lonelyhearts (1958) earning a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Lonelyhearts (1958), Airport (1970), and Interiors (1978), before winning for her performance as Emma Goldman in Reds (1981)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Stapleton's first husband was Max Allentuck, general manager to the producer Kermit Bloomgarden, and her second was playwright David Rayfiel, from whom she divorced in 1966."
}
] |
American Actress Lois Maureen Stapleton married her high school sweetheart.
| 0 | 4 |
Maureen Stapleton
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Francis Drake (c. 1540 – 28 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, naval officer and explorer."
}
] |
EEMxSuv9Q9opVMDQX7TR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career at sea | Drake's first victory",
"text": "Drake formed an alliance with the Cimarrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Drake, Sir Francis (1540–1596)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and early years",
"text": "Lady Elliott-Drake, the collateral descendant, and final holder of the Drake Baronetcy, argued in her book on 'The Family and Heirs of Sir Francis Drake' that Drake's birth year was 1541.He was the oldest of the twelve sons of Edmund Drake (1518–1585), a Protestant farmer, and his wife Mary Mylwaye."
},
{
"section_header": "Career at sea | Drake's first victory",
"text": "Drake and his men captured the town and its treasure."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "\" Cave of the Pirate\") with Francis Drake."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Plymouth Hoe is also home to a statue of Drake."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Drake: The Life and Legend of an Elizabethan Hero."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Places there carrying his name include the naval base HMS Drake, Drake's Island, and a shopping centre and roundabout named Drake Circus."
},
{
"section_header": "Career at sea",
"text": "On the death of the bark’s owner, Drake was given the bark."
},
{
"section_header": "Career at sea | Drake's first victory",
"text": "Drake could not resist a joke and teased them by looking downhearted."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Francis Drake (c. 1540 – 28 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, naval officer and explorer."
}
] |
Drake was a German chef.
| 0 | 1 |
Francis Drake
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and succession",
"text": "On either 10 or 11 June 323 BC, Alexander died in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II, in Babylon, at age 32."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession",
"text": "He developed a fever, which worsened until he was unable to speak."
}
] |
EEQdaqAXdZ1p80YOHCZa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and succession | After death",
"text": "However, the memorial was found to be dedicated to the dearest friend of Alexander the Great, Hephaestion."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Founding of cities",
"text": "Over the course of his conquests, Alexander founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most of them east of the Tigris."
},
{
"section_header": "Philip's heir | Regency and ascent of Macedon",
"text": "He colonized it with Greeks, and founded a city named Alexandropolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander endeavoured to reach the \"ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea\" and invaded India in 326 BC, winning an important victory over the Pauravas at the Battle of the Hydaspes."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Founding of cities",
"text": "Following Alexander's death, many Greeks who had settled there tried to return to Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession | Division of the empire",
"text": "Alexander had no obvious or legitimate heir, his son Alexander IV by Roxane being born after Alexander's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Funding of temples",
"text": "Libanius wrote that Alexander founded the temple of Zeus Bottiaios (Ancient Greek: Βοττιαίου Δῖός), in the place where later the city of Antioch was built."
},
{
"section_header": "Character | Generalship",
"text": "He never lost a battle, despite typically being outnumbered."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Macedon | Consolidation of power",
"text": "He also had two Macedonian princes from the region of Lyncestis killed, but spared a third, Alexander Lyncestes."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest of the Persian Empire | Fall of the Empire and the East",
"text": "After the defeat, Spitamenes was killed by his own men, who then sued for peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession",
"text": "On either 10 or 11 June 323 BC, Alexander died in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II, in Babylon, at age 32."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession",
"text": "He developed a fever, which worsened until he was unable to speak."
}
] |
Alexander the Great was a Greek fighter who ends up being killed after his weakness is found out.
| 0 | 2 |
Alexander the Great
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the statue was lost and destroyed during the 5th century AD; details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins."
}
] |
EEUBM9nt4JaxFD4uRAyd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "\" It seems that if Zeus were to stand up,\" the geographer Strabo noted early in the 1st century BC, \"he would unroof the temple.\" The Zeus was a chryselephantine sculpture, made with ivory and gold panels on a wooden substructure."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The statue of Zeus was commissioned by the Eleans, custodians of the Olympic Games, in the latter half of the fifth century BC for their newly constructed Temple of Zeus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12.4 m (41 ft) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and erected in the Temple of Zeus there."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "According to a legend, when Phidias was asked what inspired him—whether he climbed Mount Olympus to see Zeus, or whether Zeus came down from Olympus so that Phidias could see him—the artist answered that he portrayed Zeus according to Book One, verses 528 – 530 of Homer's Iliad: ἦ καὶ κυανέῃσιν"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zeus' golden sandals rested upon a footstool decorated with an Amazonomachy in relief."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zeus was the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", it represented the god Zeus on a cedarwood throne ornamented with ebony, ivory, gold and precious stones."
},
{
"section_header": "Phidias' workshop",
"text": "But earlier loss or damage is implied by Lucian of Samosata in the later 2nd century, who referenced it in Timon: \"they have laid hands on your person at Olympia, my lord High-Thunderer, and you had not the energy to wake the dogs or call in the neighbours; surely they might have come to the rescue and caught the fellows before they had finished packing up the loot.\" The approximate date of the statue (the third quarter of the 5th century BC) was confirmed in the rediscovery (1954–58) of Phidias' workshop, approximately where Pausanias said the statue of Zeus was constructed."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The statue occupied half the width of the aisle of the temple built to house it."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This reservoir acted as a reflecting pool which doubled the apparent height of the statue."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the statue was lost and destroyed during the 5th century AD; details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins."
}
] |
The Statue of Zeus still stands today.
| 2 | 5 |
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1958–1960s",
"text": "In 1958, LG Electronics was founded as GoldStar (Hangul:금성)."
}
] |
EEWIPYmk6z3FdK4wLicW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s–present",
"text": "In order to create a holding company, the former LG Electronics was split off in 2002, with the \"new\" LG Electronics being spun off and the \"old\" LG Electronics changing its name to LG EI."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Televisions",
"text": "In 2016, exclusively to India, Indian arm of South Korea's LG Electronics Inc started selling a TV that would repel mosquitoes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1958–1960s",
"text": "GoldStar merged with Lucky Chemical and LS Cable on 28 February 1995, changing the corporate name to Lucky-Goldstar and then finally to LG Electronics."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s–present",
"text": "It was then merged with and into LG CI in 2003 (the legal successor of the former LG Chem), so the company that started as GoldStar does not currently exist."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Home appliances",
"text": "Users can send simple messages, such as \"start washing cycle,\" in order to control their washing machines."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s–1990s",
"text": "In 1998, LG developed the world's first 60-inch plasma TV and established a joint venture in 1999 with Philips – LG.Philips LCD – which now goes by the name LG Display."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1958–1960s",
"text": "In 1958, LG Electronics was founded as GoldStar (Hangul:금성)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s–present",
"text": "In 2010, LG Electronics entered the smartphone industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Mobile devices | Mobile phones",
"text": "LG Electronics manufactures smartphones and tablet devices."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LG Electronics Inc. (Korean: LG 전자; RR: LG Jeonja) is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in Yeouido-dong, Seoul, South Korea."
}
] |
LG Electronics started with the name Goldsun.
| 0 | 3 |
LG Electronics
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mill on the Floss is a novel by George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), first published in three volumes in 1860 by William Blackwood."
}
] |
EEXGGEoJA7HO4Kdrmhe7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Lucy intrigues to throw Philip and Maggie together on a short rowing trip down the Floss"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "film Delhi Belly, one of the protagonists makes a sarcastic reference to \"Mill on the floss\" when he finds his friends in completely different appearances and surreal whimsical situations."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Eliot, George. The Mill on the Floss."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Mill on the Floss/ The Mill on the Floss free PDF of Blackwood's 1878 Cabinet Edition (the critical standard with Eliot's final corrections) at the George Eliot Archive"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "According to Elizabeth Ermarth, \"[t]hey are norms according to which she is an inferior, dependent creature who will never go far in anything, and which consequently are a denial of her full humanity.\" The story was adapted as a film, The Mill on the Floss, in 1937, and as a BBC series in 1978 starring Christopher Blake, Pippa Guard, Judy Cornwell, Ray Smith and Anton Lesser."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Maggie Tulliver is the protagonist and the story begins when she is 9 years old, 13 years into her parents' marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mill on the Floss is a novel by George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), first published in three volumes in 1860 by William Blackwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The mill is situated at the junction of the River Floss and the more minor River Ripple, near the village of St Ogg's in Lincolnshire, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A radio dramatisation in five one-hour parts was broadcast on BBC7 in 2009.In the Kiran Rao and Aamir Khan 2011"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Spanning a period of 10 to 15 years, the novel details the lives of Tom and Maggie Tulliver, siblings who grow up at Dorlcote Mill on the River Floss."
}
] |
The Mill on the Floss is a book of short stories.
| 0 | 0 |
The Mill on the Floss
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2008, Jones released a charity wine called \"Chipper Chardonnay\", with a portion of the proceeds supporting the Miracle League, an organization serving children with disabilities."
}
] |
EEdtBvfrg110QW5DYK4V
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2012: Final season",
"text": "He was activated from the disabled list and was in the lineup on April 10, as the Braves faced the Houston Astros; he went 2–4 with a single and a two-run home run, helping the Braves to their first win of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | High school",
"text": "He went to The Bolles School as a sophomore, where he was a two-way player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2012: Final season",
"text": "During a May 18 game at Tampa Bay, Jones was hit by a ground ball and suffered a severe contusion to his left leg."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 1993–1998",
"text": "He also participated in the 1996 World Series, in which the Braves lost to the New York Yankees in six games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2008–2011",
"text": "He also tied Mickey Mantle for second most RBIs all time by a switch hitter; Jones passed Mantle for sole possession of second place all-time on April 27, 2011 (with 1,512 RBI) after a 3-run stand up triple, helping the Braves beat the San Diego Padres 7–0.Jones suffered from a torn meniscus in his right knee for much of the first half of the 2011 season, and received Cortisone shots in an attempt to manage the pain."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 1993–1998",
"text": "In addition to achieving a level of personal success, Jones participated in the 1995 World Series, in which the Braves won in six games over the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 1993–1998",
"text": "As a result, he spent the entire strike shortened 1994 season on the disabled list."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2012: Final season",
"text": "Jones opened the 2012 season on the disabled list, following surgery on March 26, 2012 to repair a torn meniscus in his left knee."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Larry Wayne Jones, Sr., was a teacher and coach at T. DeWitt Taylor High School in Pierson, the same high school Jones would later attend and play baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2008, Jones released a charity wine called \"Chipper Chardonnay\", with a portion of the proceeds supporting the Miracle League, an organization serving children with disabilities."
}
] |
Larry 'Chipper' Jones has participated in several different ways of helping the less fortunate, but never sold alcoholic beverages to help disabled kids.
| 0 | 0 |
Chipper Jones
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Conservation",
"text": "The stated goals of the GHF Göbekli Tepe project are to support the preparation of a site management and conservation plan, construction of a shelter over the exposed archaeological features, training community members in guiding and conservation, and helping Turkish authorities secure UNESCO World Heritage Site designation for GT."
}
] |
EEpZp6GfNxnQKrCN4wH8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, the site was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation",
"text": "The stated goals of the GHF Göbekli Tepe project are to support the preparation of a site management and conservation plan, construction of a shelter over the exposed archaeological features, training community members in guiding and conservation, and helping Turkish authorities secure UNESCO World Heritage Site designation for GT."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "This could indicate that this type of architecture and associated activities originated at Göbekli Tepe, and then spread to other sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe follows a geometric pattern."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "He reviewed the archaeological literature on the surrounding area, found the 1963 Chicago researchers’ brief description of Göbekli Tepe, and decided to reexamine the site."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer III",
"text": "Few humanoid figures have appeared in the art at Göbekli Tepe."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe is on a flat and barren plateau, with buildings fanning in all directions."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "Schmidt's view was that Göbekli Tepe is a stone-age mountain sanctuary."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "Ian Hodder of Stanford University said, \"Göbekli Tepe changes everything\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "This means that the people who built Göbekli Tepe had at least some rudimentary knowledge of geometry."
}
] |
The Göbekli Tepe has not yet been declared an UNESCO site.
| 2 | 4 |
Göbekli Tepe
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Public image | Media exposure",
"text": "She rejected being a formal role model, but said that she could make young girls feel \"strong and intelligent and be outspoken and fight for what they think is right\" and that she was a different role model for girls that maybe America was not comfortable with."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Megan Fox was born on May 16, 1986 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to parents Gloria Darlene (Cisson) and Franklin Thomas Fox."
}
] |
EErNQeIwVLR9AgoWO0pu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Megan Denise Fox (born May 16, 1986) is an American actress and model."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When she was 13 years old, Fox began modeling after winning several awards at the 1999 American Modeling and Talent Convention in Hilton Head, South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Media exposure",
"text": "It also positioned her as a potential role model, and later led to her being typecast."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Megan Fox was born on May 16, 1986 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to parents Gloria Darlene (Cisson) and Franklin Thomas Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"But I'm also a hypocrite: I would never date a girl who was bisexual, because that means they also sleep with men, and men are so dirty that I'd never want to sleep with a girl who had slept with a man."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Media exposure",
"text": "She rejected being a formal role model, but said that she could make young girls feel \"strong and intelligent and be outspoken and fight for what they think is right\" and that she was a different role model for girls that maybe America was not comfortable with."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and breakthrough with Transformers",
"text": "Despite receiving top billing, Fox described her role in the film as being a cameo."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Together, they have three sons: Noah Shannon Green (born 2012), Bodhi Ransom Green (born 2014) and Journey River Green (born 2016)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Fox is also a stepmother to Green's son, Kassius (born 2002), from a previous relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "A production assistant who worked on Transformers also stated that he never saw Fox act inappropriately on set."
}
] |
Megan Fox never wanted to be a role model and was born in the south.
| 2 | 4 |
Megan Fox
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A supernova ( plural: supernovae or supernovas, abbreviations: SN and SNe) is a powerful and luminous stellar explosion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original object, called the progenitor, either collapses to a neutron star or black hole, or is completely destroyed."
}
] |
EFUVl5PUPtSEvJAkKxUe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Current models | Core collapse | Type Ib and Ic",
"text": "Since a supernova can occur whenever the mass of the star at the time of core collapse is low enough not to cause complete fallback to a black hole, any massive star may result in a supernova if it loses enough mass before core collapse occurs."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Core collapse",
"text": "When a massive star develops an iron core larger than the Chandrasekhar mass it will no longer be able to support itself by electron degeneracy pressure and will collapse further to a neutron star or black hole."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Core collapse",
"text": "If the core mass is more than about 15 M☉ then neutron degeneracy is insufficient to stop the collapse and a black hole forms directly with no supernova."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Core collapse | Type Ib and Ic",
"text": "However the stars which become Types Ib and Ic supernovae have lost most of their outer (hydrogen) envelopes due to strong stellar winds or else from interaction with a companion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A supernova ( plural: supernovae or supernovas, abbreviations: SN and SNe) is a powerful and luminous stellar explosion."
},
{
"section_header": "Other impacts | Gravitational waves",
"text": "The only gravitational wave events so far detected are from mergers of black holes and neutron stars, probable remnants of supernovae."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original object, called the progenitor, either collapses to a neutron star or black hole, or is completely destroyed."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Core collapse",
"text": "The initial mass is the mass of the star prior to the supernova event, given in multiples of the Sun's mass, although the mass at the time of the supernova may be much lower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most recent naked-eye supernova was SN 1987A, the explosion of a blue supergiant star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite of the Milky Way."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation history",
"text": "However, the nature of this supernova continues to be debated and several alternative explanations have been suggested, e.g. tidal disruption of a star by a black hole."
}
] |
A supernova is a strong and radiant stellar explosion and the initial thing either gives way to an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton star or black hole or gets thoroughly demolish.
| 0 | 0 |
Supernova
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "(Achille) Claude Debussy (French: [aʃil klod dəbysi]; 22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer."
}
] |
EFVx2fYtM0XHHgzUIzG9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1894–1902: Pelléas et Mélisande",
"text": "In January 1902 rehearsals began at the Opéra-Comique for the opening of Pelléas et Mélisande."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He took many years to develop his mature style, and was nearly 40 when he achieved international fame in 1902 with the only opera he completed, Pelléas et Mélisande."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1894–1902: Pelléas et Mélisande",
"text": "The opera opened on 30 April 1902, and although the first-night audience was divided between admirers and sceptics, the work quickly became a success."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1894–1902: Pelléas et Mélisande",
"text": "In February 1894 Debussy completed the first draft of Act I of his operatic version of Pelléas et Mélisande, and for most of the year worked to complete the work."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Middle works, 1893–1905",
"text": "The academic and journalist Stephen Walsh calls Pelléas et Mélisande (begun 1893, staged 1902) \" a key work for the 20th century\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "(Achille) Claude Debussy (French: [aʃil klod dəbysi]; 22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences | Musical",
"text": "Lesure also considers that Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov directly influenced Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Return to Paris, 1887",
"text": "In May 1893 Debussy attended a theatrical event that was of key importance to his later career – the premiere of Maurice Maeterlinck's play Pelléas et Mélisande, which he immediately determined to turn into an opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence on later composers",
"text": "Not only Debussy's use of whole-tone scales, but also his style of word-setting in Pelléas et Mélisande, were the subject of study by Leoš Janáček while he was writing his 1921 opera Káťa Kabanová."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1894–1902: Pelléas et Mélisande",
"text": "It made Debussy a well-known name in France and abroad; The Times commented that the opera had \"provoked more discussion than any work of modern times, excepting, of course, those of Richard Strauss\"."
}
] |
French actor Claude Debussy got famous internationally in 1902 for the opera Pelléas et Mélisande.
| 0 | 0 |
Claude Debussy
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "Construction started in 1632, and the mausoleum was completed in 1648, while the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later."
}
] |
EGAxDR3zzAVWEdsCCMEW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "Construction started in 1632, and the mausoleum was completed in 1648, while the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Construction of the mausoleum itself was essentially completed by 1643 while work on the outlying buildings continued for years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643, but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Outlying buildings",
"text": "The outlying buildings were completed in 1643."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The plinth and tomb took roughly 12 years to complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Later days",
"text": "Upon Shah Jahan's death, Aurangzeb buried him in the mausoleum next to his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Threats",
"text": "Concerns for the tomb's structural integrity have recently been raised because of a decline in the groundwater level in the Yamuna river basin which is falling at a rate of around 1.5 m (5 ft) per year."
},
{
"section_header": "Later days",
"text": "At the end of the 19th century, British viceroy Lord Curzon ordered a sweeping restoration project, which was completed in 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The remaining parts of the complex took an additional 10 years and were completed in order of minarets, mosque and jawab, and gateway."
},
{
"section_header": "Later days",
"text": "Soon after the Taj Mahal's completion, Shah Jahan was deposed by his son Aurangzeb and put under house arrest at nearby Agra Fort."
}
] |
The mausoleum was completed in 1648, while the surrounding garden and buildings were finished 5 years later.
| 0 | 7 |
Taj Mahal
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight, and $1 million in seasons nine and ten, making Aniston, Cox, and Kudrow the highest-paid TV actresses of all time."
}
] |
EGZyYDMk89wbd6JdPQRA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Jennifer Aniston visited the set for the first time since the series finale in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "As the series progressed, reviews became more positive, and Friends became one of the most popular sitcoms of its time."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Jennifer Aniston as Rachel Green: A fashion enthusiast and Monica Geller's best friend from childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Friends received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the most popular television shows of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All ten seasons of Friends ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; it ultimately reached the number-one spot in its eighth season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Jennifer Aniston, Matthew Perry and Lisa Kudrow were cast based on their auditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight, and $1 million in seasons nine and ten, making Aniston, Cox, and Kudrow the highest-paid TV actresses of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "The cast members also became best friends off-screen, so much so that recurring guest star Tom Selleck reported that he sometimes felt left out."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Syndication",
"text": "That translates into about $20 million in annual residuals each for Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, who each get 2% of syndication income for Friends."
}
] |
Because of her salary for the final season of Friends, Jennifer Aniston became one of the most well-paid female television stars of the time.
| 0 | 0 |
Friends
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( VAHG-nər, German: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ] (listen); 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works."
}
] |
EGaF4EAaO88whCns56EE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | In exile: Switzerland (1849–1858)",
"text": "In \"Opera and Drama\" (1851), Wagner described the aesthetics of drama that he was using to create the Ring operas."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Influence on music",
"text": "The Slovenian group Laibach created the 2009 suite VolksWagner, using material from Wagner's operas."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Bayreuth Festival",
"text": "Since 1973, the festival has been overseen by the Richard-Wagner-Stiftung (Richard Wagner Foundation), the members of which include a number of Wagner's descendants."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Until he was fourteen, Wagner was known as Wilhelm Richard Geyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | In exile: Switzerland (1849–1858)",
"text": "According to him, they composed music to achieve popularity and, thereby, financial success, as opposed to creating genuine works of art."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career and marriage (1833–1842)",
"text": "Wagner made a scant living by writing articles and short novelettes such as A pilgrimage to Beethoven, which sketched his growing concept of \"music drama\", and An end in Paris, where he depicts his own miseries as a German musician in the French metropolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | In exile: Venice and Paris (1858–1862)",
"text": "It was during this visit that Wagner met the French poet Charles Baudelaire, who wrote an appreciative brochure, \"Richard Wagner et Tannhäuser à Paris\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Film and stage portrayals",
"text": "Without End (1960); Trevor Howard in Ludwig (1972); Paul Nicholas in Lisztomania (1975); and Richard Burton in Wagner (1983).Jonathan Harvey's opera Wagner Dream (2007) intertwines the events surrounding Wagner's death with the story of Wagner's uncompleted opera outline Die Sieger (The Victors)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return and resurgence (1862–1871)",
"text": "Richard and Cosima's wedding took place on 25 August 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Richard Wagner was born to an ethnic German family in Leipzig, who lived at No 3, the Brühl (The House of the Red and White Lions) in the Jewish quarter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( VAHG-nər, German: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ] (listen); 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works."
}
] |
Richard Wagner was a musician who created operas.
| 0 | 0 |
Richard Wagner
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
}
] |
EGtQV294pWcH0RLi3d5y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Smith began 1978 as a non-roster invitee to the San Diego Padres' spring training camp in Yuma, Arizona."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1990–1995",
"text": "While the Cardinals celebrated their 100th anniversary in 1992, Smith marked milestones of his own, stealing his 500th career base on April 26, then notching a triple on May 26 in front of the home crowd for his 2,000th hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres | Trade",
"text": "Templeton's relationship with Cardinal Nation had become increasingly strained and finally came to a head during a game at Busch Stadium on August 26, 1981, when (after being heckled for not running out a ground ball) he made obscene gestures at fans, and had to be physically pulled off the field by manager Whitey Herzog."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Smith was born in Mobile, Alabama, but his family moved to Watts, Los Angeles, when he was six years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Smith returned to Cal Poly for his senior year, then in the 1977 draft was selected in the fourth round by the San Diego Padres, ultimately agreeing to a contract that included a $5,000 signing bonus ($21,096 today)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Angered by the Padres' attitude during those contract talks, Gottlieb took out a help-wanted ad in the San Diego Union, part of which read, \"Padre baseball player wants part-time employment to supplement income.\" When Joan Kroc, wife of Padres owner Ray Kroc, publicly offered Smith a job as an assistant gardener on her estate, Smith and Gottlieb's relationship with the organization deteriorated further."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was born in Mobile, Alabama, the second of Clovi and Marvella Smith's six children (five boys and one girl)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "After the World Series championship, Smith and the Cardinals agreed on a new contract in January 1983 that paid Smith $1 million per year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Off the field, conflict developed between Padres' ownership and the combination of Smith and his agent, Ed Gottlieb."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith (born January 26, 1954) was a pitcher for the San Dieago Padres.
| 4 | 7 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Born in Cadegliano-Viconago, Italy, near Lake Maggiore and the Swiss border, Menotti was the sixth of eight children of Alfonso and Ines Menotti, his father being a coffee merchant."
}
] |
EHQbIb5gM1A0NQ1VMuNr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gian Carlo Menotti (, Italian: [dʒaŋ ˈkarlo meˈnɔtti]; July 7, 1911 – February 1, 2007) was an Italian-American composer and librettist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Menotti died on February 1, 2007, at the age of 95 in a hospital in Monte Carlo, Monaco, where he had a home."
},
{
"section_header": "Spoleto Festivals",
"text": "In June and July 2007 the Festival of Two Worlds, which Menotti founded and oversaw until his death, dedicated the 50th Anniversary of the Festival to his memory, organised by his son Francis."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 2010, the main theatre in Spoleto was renamed as the Teatro Nuovo Gian Carlo Menotti to honour his role as creator and spirit of the festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She took Gian Carlo with her, and in 1928 she enrolled him at Philadelphia's Curtis Institute of Music, but she returned to Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Armed with a letter of introduction from the wife of Arturo Toscanini, Gian Carlo studied composition at Curtis under Rosario Scalero."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as composer",
"text": "With Goya, Menotti reverted to a traditional Giovane Scuola Italian style."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Born in Cadegliano-Viconago, Italy, near Lake Maggiore and the Swiss border, Menotti was the sixth of eight children of Alfonso and Ines Menotti, his father being a coffee merchant."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "-7935-1546-7. Mass for the Contemporary English Liturgy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he often referred to himself as an American composer, he kept his Italian citizenship."
}
] |
Gian Carlo Menotti (, Italian: [dʒaŋ ˈkarlo meˈnɔtti]; July 7, 1911 – February 1, 2007) was an Italian-American composer and librettist, and had eight brothers and sisters.
| 0 | 0 |
Gian Carlo Menotti
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Human rights | LGBT rights",
"text": "On 9 October 2010, the Ugandan newspaper Rolling Stone published a front-page article titled \"100 Pictures of Uganda's Top Homos Leak\" that listed the names, addresses, and photographs of 100 homosexuals alongside a yellow banner that read \"Hang Them\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Human rights | LGBT rights",
"text": "Progress on the continent of Africa has been slow but progressing with South Africa being the only country where same sex marriages are recognised."
}
] |
EHpZcSB3JITNmuO2SP5t
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Human rights | LGBT rights",
"text": "According to gay rights activists, many Ugandans have been attacked since the publication."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)",
"text": "This was further complicated by Buganda's nonchalant attitude to its relationship with the central government."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cinema",
"text": "The Uganda Communications Commission (UCC) is preparing regulations starting in 2014 that require Ugandan television to broadcast 70 percent Ugandan content and of this, 40 percent to be independent productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Human rights | LGBT rights",
"text": "Progress on the continent of Africa has been slow but progressing with South Africa being the only country where same sex marriages are recognised."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)",
"text": "Having lost the referendum, KY opposed the bill to pass the counties to Bunyoro, thus ending the alliance with the UPC."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and infrastructure | Water supply and sanitation",
"text": "According to a 2006 published report, the Ugandan water supply and sanitation sector had made substantial progress in urban areas since the mid-1990s, with substantial increases in coverage as well as in operational and commercial performance."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)",
"text": "The Bantu category for example includes both Buganda and Bunyoro – historically bitter rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)",
"text": "The DP MPs were not particularly happy that their leader Benedicto Kiwanuka's hostility towards the Kabaka that was hindering their chances of compromise with KY."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Owing to the large number of communities, culture within Uganda is diverse."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)",
"text": "Indeed, by accepting the presidency four years earlier and siding with the UPC, the Kabaka had divided his people and taken the side of one against the other."
},
{
"section_header": "Human rights | LGBT rights",
"text": "On 9 October 2010, the Ugandan newspaper Rolling Stone published a front-page article titled \"100 Pictures of Uganda's Top Homos Leak\" that listed the names, addresses, and photographs of 100 homosexuals alongside a yellow banner that read \"Hang Them\"."
}
] |
Uganda has an historically progressive and accepting attitude toward the LGBTQ+ community, whom have been celebrated in Ugandan publications.
| 0 | 0 |
Uganda
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Masters added 35 new poems in the 1916 edition, expanding on new characters with connections to some of the originals."
}
] |
EHvRAEbfjACfQf1vUAZQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the real Spoon River that ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1964-74, photographer Mario Giacomelli produced \"Omaggio a Spoon River,\" a series of abstract photographs inspired by Edgar Lee Master's collection of poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Masters added 35 new poems in the 1916 edition, expanding on new characters with connections to some of the originals."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "By the time Masters wrote the poems that would become Spoon River Anthology, he had already published some poetry, with some success; these prior poems, however, were more conventional in style and subject matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "The Oak Hill Cemetery features a memorial statue of Masters and offers a self-guided walking tour of the graves that inspired the poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "He claims that the Lewistown residents who strove to identify the poems' characters with real people did so only \"with poor success.\" More recently, Lewistown celebrated its relationship to Masters' poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "The poems were attributed initially to the pseudonym Webster Ford."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Masters sometimes substantially disguised the names of these real-life inspirations, but he sometimes disguised them only barely and, in a few cases, not at all."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The aim of the poems is to demystify rural and small town American life."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "Ezra Pound's review of the Spoon River poems begins, \"At last!"
}
] |
This is an assemblage of poems by Edgar Masters.
| 1 | 5 |
Spoon River Anthology
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Nolan Ryan resides in the Cimarron Hills community in Georgetown, Texas."
}
] |
EIhBCO2WIsPNQWa8gMA0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ryan's family lived in nearby Woodsboro, Texas in Refugio County, until they moved to Alvin, Texas in Brazoria County, when Nolan was six weeks old."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Nolan Ryan resides in the Cimarron Hills community in Georgetown, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The California Angels (now the Los Angeles Angels) retired the number 30 on June 16, 1992; the Texas Rangers retired his number 34 on September 15, 1996; and the Houston Astros retired number 34 on September 29, 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Houston Astros (1980–1988)",
"text": "Ryan got a no-decision as his Astros lost in 12 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity",
"text": "That game went 14 innings, equaling the longest in innings in World Series history (at 5:41, it was the longest in time)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "In 34 total innings Ryan had 54 strikeouts in 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "On August 6, 1992, Ryan had the only ejection of his career when he was ejected after engaging in a shouting match with Oakland Athletics outfielder Willie Wilson with two outs in the ninth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "In five seasons with the Rangers, Ryan had a 51–39 record, a 3.43 ERA, 1.12 WHIP, with 353 walks and 939 strikeouts in 840 innings over 129 starts."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | California Angels (1972–1979)",
"text": "He started Game 1 of the ALCS and threw seven innings against the Orioles' Jim Palmer, but neither man was involved in the decision as Baltimore won in the 10th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball records",
"text": "15 200-strikeout seasons 6 300-strikeout seasons 6.555, fewest career hits per nine innings 5.26, fewest single-season hits per nine innings (1972) Lowest batting average allowed, career (minimum 1500 innings) .204"
}
] |
Nolan Ryan has lived in several cities in Texas and now lives in Georgetown, Texas now.
| 0 | 6 |
Nolan Ryan
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo."
}
] |
EK27sSwPMOHjnc2cAWRq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "Jimmu figures as a direct descendant of the sun goddess, Amaterasu via the side of his father, Ugayafukiaezu."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "She was the daughter of Ryūjin, the Japanese sea god."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, the Age of the Gods is the period before Jimmu's accession."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "The Emperor's posthumous name literally means \"divine might\" or \"god-warrior\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "In Yamato, Nigihayahi no Mikoto, who also claimed descent from the Takamagahara gods, was protected by Nagasunehiko."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "A mosquito then tried to steal Jimmu's royal blood but since Jimmu was a god incarnate Emperor, akitsumikami (現御神), a dragonfly killed the mosquito."
}
] |
Emperor Jimmu is described as a descendant of various Gods.
| 2 | 2 |
Emperor Jimmu
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A 12-time All-Star and 10-time Silver Slugger Award winner at catcher, Piazza produced strong offensive numbers at his position; in his career, he recorded 427 home runs—a record 396 of which were hit as catcher—along with a .308 batting average and 1,335 runs batted in (RBI)."
}
] |
EL12jnvLCSwTQpxPmFn9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "He won a record 10 consecutive Louisville Silver Slugger Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A 12-time All-Star and 10-time Silver Slugger Award winner at catcher, Piazza produced strong offensive numbers at his position; in his career, he recorded 427 home runs—a record 396 of which were hit as catcher—along with a .308 batting average and 1,335 runs batted in (RBI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "He won the 1994 ESPY Award for Breakthrough Athlete."
},
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "He won the Ted Williams Award, presented by CNN/SI and Total Baseball in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Associazione Calcio Reggiana 1919",
"text": "In December the team declared bankruptcy for the third time in the last twenty years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "His 72 RBI prior to the All-Star Break in 2000 were, at the time, the most in club history."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Associazione Calcio Reggiana 1919",
"text": "Piazza and his wife had feuded with Luca Vecchi, then mayor of Reggio Emilia, during their time as owners of the club."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Los Angeles Dodgers",
"text": "Piazza won the NL Rookie of the Year Award in 1993 after appearing in 149 games, hitting .318, slugging 35 home runs, and driving in 112 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Vince Piazza earned a fortune of more than $100 million in used cars and real estate, and attempted several times to purchase an MLB franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Mets",
"text": "During replays, Clemens can be seen shouting \"I thought it was the ball!\" and asking the umpire for a new ball multiple times as the two benches cleared and met at the mound."
}
] |
Mike Piazza has been nominated 14 times All-Star and won 12 times the Silver Slugger Award.
| 3 | 7 |
Mike Piazza
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Prior to his death, he had been the oldest living member of the Baseball Hall of Fame and was the longest-living former Kentucky governor."
}
] |
ELVv45f3xbZi4qb23wAR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Chandler published his autobiography, Heroes, Plain Folks, and Skunks, in 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Prior to his death, he had been the oldest living member of the Baseball Hall of Fame and was the longest-living former Kentucky governor."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "The Major League Baseball Veterans Committee chose Chandler for induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1957, Chandler was one of ten inaugural members of the Kentucky Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aside from his political positions, he also served as the second Commissioner of Baseball from 1945 to 1951 and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was a teammate of Dutch Meyer, a future member of the College Football Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chandler died a month before his ninety-third birthday; at the time, he was the oldest living former Kentucky governor as well as the earliest serving former governor."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball | Other matters",
"text": "The Kentucky Press Association and the Kentucky Broadcasting Association both named him Man of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In his autobiography, Chandler said that his mother's leaving them was his earliest memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball | Other matters",
"text": "He also engaged in farming and published a newspaper, The Woodford Sun."
}
] |
Before Chandler passed he was the oldest associate of the Baseball Hall of Fame and published his autobiography in 1989.
| 1 | 4 |
Happy Chandler
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "By the summer of 1891 Wilde had already written three plays: Vera; or,"
}
] |
ELlZgMonBTLgqQvQ2umr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "The play was finished by October."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lady Windermere's Fan, A Play About a Good Woman is a four-act comedy by Oscar Wilde, first performed on Saturday, 20 February 1892, at the St James's Theatre in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere's Fan. published in The Importance of Being Earnest and Other Plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere's Fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It is available on DVD as part of The Oscar Wilde Collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Despite these artistic differences, both were professional and their collaboration was a fruitful one."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Premiere",
"text": "The play's Broadway première on 5 February 1893 at Palmer's Theatre was also the first Broadway performance for stage and screen actress Julia Arthur, who played Lady Windermere in that production."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Wilde, impressed by his confidence, opted to take a percentage instead, from which he would earn £7,000 in the first year alone (worth £766,800 today).Alexander was a meticulous manager and he and Wilde began exhaustive revisions and rehearsals of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Peter Raby has also highlighted Lady Windermere's Fan as a good example of Wilde's most successful dramatic technique: the juxtaposition of the comic and the serious."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Wilde's huge popularity as a playwright began with his production of Lady Windermere's Fan, his recherché attitude and personal aesthetics reflected in his writing."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "By the summer of 1891 Wilde had already written three plays: Vera; or,"
}
] |
This play was Oscar Wilde's first one he had finished.
| 1 | 6 |
Lady Windermere's Fan
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hitachi, Ltd. (株式会社日立製作所, Kabushiki gaisha Hitachi Seisaku-sho, lit. \" Hitachi Works Corporation\") (Japanese pronunciation: [çi̥taꜜtɕi]) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan."
}
] |
EM5Ac4N2HVahTuIyvqOz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of April 2019, Hitachi operates ten business segments, ranging from IT, including AI and big data, to Construction Machinery."
},
{
"section_header": "Discontinued or divested businesses",
"text": "Mainframe computer hardware - Stopped exporting in 2000; Ceased production in 2017 to focus on the operating system business."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Hitachi Europe, Ltd. was established in 1982.From 2006 to 2010, Hitachi lost US$12.5 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Discontinued or divested businesses",
"text": "Ships - Merged with the shipbuilding operation of NKK corporation to form Universal Shipbuilding Corporation Displays Plasma and LCD"
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Information and telecommunication systems",
"text": "Mainframe computer operating system"
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | Hitachi Vantara",
"text": "Since September 19, 2017, Hitachi Data Systems (HDS) has become part of Hitachi Vantara, a new company that unifies the operations of Pentaho, Hitachi Data Systems and Hitachi Insight Group."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The joint venture began operations in February 2014.In October 2015, Hitachi completed a deal with Johnson Controls to form a joint-venture that would takeover Hitachi's HVAC business."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In October the same year, Honda was reported to be in talks with Hitachi to merge the two companies' car parts businesses, creating a components supplier with almost $17 billion in annual sales, the second largest among the Japanese car parts companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Discontinued or divested businesses",
"text": "Mobile phones - Merged with Casio's cellphone manufacturing business, then absorbed into NEC Mobile Communications"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company began as an in-house venture of Fusanosuke Kuhara's mining company in Hitachi, Ibaraki."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hitachi, Ltd. (株式会社日立製作所, Kabushiki gaisha Hitachi Seisaku-sho, lit. \" Hitachi Works Corporation\") (Japanese pronunciation: [çi̥taꜜtɕi]) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan."
}
] |
Hitachi is a Chinese company that operates 11 business segments as of April 2010.
| 3 | 6 |
Hitachi
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Works and Days (Ancient Greek: Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι, Erga kai Hēmerai) is a didactic poem written by the ancient Greek poet Hesiod around 700 BC."
}
] |
EM5xwLmss2tQkOlVwBiQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Works and Days is perhaps best known for its two mythological aetiologies for the toil and pain that define the human condition: the story of Prometheus and Pandora, and the so-called Myth of Five Ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Works and Days (Ancient Greek: Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι, Erga kai Hēmerai) is a didactic poem written by the ancient Greek poet Hesiod around 700 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The first lesson is why the immortals keep an easy livelihood hidden from mankind: the story of Prometheus and Pandora is the answer."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Myth of the Ages follows."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In the Hesiodic scheme there were five ages of mankind: the Golden Age, Silver Age, Bronze Age, Heroic Age, and the present age, that of Iron."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Hesiod then laments that he lived during the Iron Age, which is characterized by toil and hardship."
},
{
"section_header": "Select editions and translations | Translations",
"text": "Introductions by the translators are also included, as is an essay by Caldwell entitled “The Psychology of the Succession Myth\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Verdenius, Willem Jacob, A Commentary on Hesiod Works and Days vv."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Beall, E.F., What Pandora let out and what she left in, paper read at the annual meeting of the Classical Association of the Atlantic States, October 6, 2006"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Golden Age man never aged, and when they died they went as though to sleep."
}
] |
Works and Days is perhaps best known for its two mythological aetiologies for the toil and pain that define the human condition: the story of Prometheus and Pandora, and the so-called Myth of Five Ages written around 700 BC.
| 0 | 0 |
Works and Days
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vancouver ( (listen)) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia."
}
] |
EMDnSn6Sq1mz9YhUtBAH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Ecology",
"text": "Some species imported from harsher climates in Eastern Canada or Europe have grown to immense sizes."
},
{
"section_header": "Twin towns – sister cities",
"text": "The City of Vancouver was one of the first cities in Canada to enter into an international sister cities arrangement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city's large natural seaport on the Pacific Ocean became a vital link in the trade between Asia-Pacific, East Asia, Europe, and Eastern Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "As a result, the only major freeway within city limits is Highway 1, which passes through the north-eastern corner of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Urban planning",
"text": "As of 2011, Vancouver is the most densely populated city in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Eastern Europeans, including Russians, Czechs, Poles, Romanians and Hungarians began immigrating after the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe after World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Vancouver is the most stressed city in the spectrum of affordability of housing in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Government",
"text": "Historically, in all levels of government, the more affluent west side of Vancouver has voted along conservative or liberal lines while the eastern side of the city has voted along left-wing lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vancouver ( (listen)) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "From the mid-1950s until the 1980s, many Portuguese immigrants came to Vancouver and the city had the third-largest Portuguese population in Canada in 2001."
}
] |
Vancouver is a city in eastern Canada.
| 0 | 2 |
Vancouver
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lajoie was born on September 5, 1874, in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, to Jean Baptiste and Celina Guertin Lajoie."
}
] |
EMKNahNLr37tXVGWOslo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps",
"text": "Lajoie requested that Somers trade him and the club obliged, selling Lajoie to the Athletics for the waiver price and in so doing"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Philadelphia Phillies and Athletics",
"text": "You can bet I signed in a hurry\", Lajoie said."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Philadelphia Phillies and Athletics",
"text": "Mack said of Lajoie, \"He plays so naturally"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps",
"text": ", Lajoie returned to Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lajoie was born on September 5, 1874, in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, to Jean Baptiste and Celina Guertin Lajoie."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Philadelphia Phillies and Athletics",
"text": "Later in 1898, new manager George Stallings moved Lajoie to second base, commenting that \"[Lajoie would] have made good no matter where I positioned him."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Philadelphia Phillies and Athletics",
"text": "The American League was here to stay\", Lajoie later said."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps",
"text": "but Lajoie stated his intentions when he said \"...for I intend to stick to Cleveland."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps",
"text": "After the season had concluded, Lajoie was officially named manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps",
"text": "As a manager, Lajoie was also described as \"much too lenient with his players."
}
] |
Lajoie is native of Delaware.
| 1 | 3 |
Nap Lajoie
|
History
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "His mother was Elizabeth Sophia Steinmetz Brinton McClellan (1800–1889), daughter of a leading Pennsylvania family, a woman noted for her \"considerable grace and refinement.\" Her father was of British origin, while her mother was Pennsylvania Dutch."
}
] |
EMtLhmBttGPby4GzpYkf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Several geographic features and establishments have been named for George B. McClellan."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "The Life, Campaigns, and Public Services of General George B McClellan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Fire Department of New York operated a fireboat named George B. McClellan from 1904 to 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "85,094 (44.9%) The Mexican War Diary of George B. McClellan (William Starr Myers, Editor)."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "The Report of Captain George B. McClellan, One of the Officers Sent to the Seat of War in Europe, in 1855 and 1856, 1857."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "McClellan's son, George B. McClellan Jr. (1865–1940), was born in Dresden in the Kingdom of Saxony during the family's first trip to Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "New York: New York: G.P. Putnam, 1864. Report of Major General George B McClellan, Upon the Organization of the Army of the Potomac and Its campaigns in Virginia and Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Electoral history",
"text": "Abraham Lincoln/Andrew Johnson (National Union) – 2,218,388 (55.0%) and 212 electoral votes George B. McClellan/George H. Pendleton (Democratic) – 1,812,807 (45.0%) and 21 electoral votes (3 states carried)New Jersey gubernatorial election, 1877: George B. McClellan (D) – 97,837 (51.7%) William Augustus Newell (R) –"
},
{
"section_header": "Electoral history",
"text": "1864 Democratic National Convention: George B. McClellan – 174 (77.3%) Thomas H. Seymour – 38 (16.9%) Horatio Seymour – 12 (5.3%) 1864 Democratic National Convention: George B. McClellan – 174 (77.3%) Thomas H. Seymour – 38 (16.9%) Horatio Seymour – 12 (5.3%) Charles O'Conor – 1 (0.4%)1864 United States presidential election"
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "Letter of the Secretary of War by George Brinton McClellan."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "His mother was Elizabeth Sophia Steinmetz Brinton McClellan (1800–1889), daughter of a leading Pennsylvania family, a woman noted for her \"considerable grace and refinement.\" Her father was of British origin, while her mother was Pennsylvania Dutch."
}
] |
George B. McClellan had roots from Great Britain and Netherlands.
| 2 | 9 |
George B. McClellan
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In the Works and Days, Hesiod describes himself as the heir of a farm bequeathed to him and his brother Perses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At its center, the Works and Days is a farmer's almanac in which Hesiod instructs his brother Perses in the agricultural arts."
}
] |
ENQ3cKaRfU7UWpdkaOKR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "There was after all not one Eris (Ἔρις, \"Strife\") as in that poem, but two: one is quite blameworthy and provokes wars and disagreement among mankind; but the other is commended by all who know her, for she compels men to work honorably, rivaling each other: Hesiod encourages Perses to avoid the bad Eris, and not let her persuade him to frequent the arguments in the agora, but to focus on working for his livelihood."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Nisbet, Gideon, Hesiod, Works and Days: A Didaxis of Deconstruction?, Greece and Rome 51 (2004),"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Scholars have seen this work against a background of agrarian crisis in mainland Greece, which inspired a wave of colonial expeditions in search of new land."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Zeus instructed the gods to build an \"evil\" for mankind: that is, Pandora, whom Prometheus's brother Epimetheus accepted from Hermes despite his brother's warnings never to accept gifts from the gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In the Works and Days, Hesiod describes himself as the heir of a farm bequeathed to him and his brother Perses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the poem Hesiod also offers his brother extensive moralizing advice on how he should live his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At its center, the Works and Days is a farmer's almanac in which Hesiod instructs his brother Perses in the agricultural arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Nelson, Stephanie A., God and the Land: The Metaphysics of Farming in Hesiod and Vergil, New York and Oxford, 1998"
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Verdenius, Willem Jacob, A Commentary on Hesiod Works and Days vv."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Works and Days is perhaps best known for its two mythological aetiologies for the toil and pain that define the human condition: the story of Prometheus and Pandora, and the so-called Myth of Five Ages."
}
] |
The Works and Days is an antiquated poem in Greece about two brothers who worked on the land using tools of tilling and growing while strengthening each other to accept their station as farmers.
| 0 | 0 |
Works and Days
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because of his restoration activities, Justinian has sometimes been known as the \"Last Roman\" in mid-20th century historiography."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "I ho Mégas; c. 482 – 14 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565."
}
] |
ENfrGFOOjA9tiBwq4LhQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "As a ruler, Justinian showed great energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "As Justin became senile near the end of his reign, Justinian became the de facto ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities",
"text": "As a Christian Roman emperor, Justinian considered it his divine duty to restore the Roman Empire to its ancient boundaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Religious activities | Religious relations with Rome",
"text": "Emperors Justin I (and later Justinian himself) rescinded these policies and reestablished the union between Constantinople and Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Nika riots",
"text": "While the crowd was rioting in the streets, Justinian considered fleeing the capital by sea, but eventually decided to stay, apparently on the prompting of Theodora, who refused to leave."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | Conquest of North Africa, 533–534",
"text": "The first of the western kingdoms Justinian attacked was that of the Vandals in North Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War in Italy, first phase, 535–540",
"text": "He gathered a large army and besieged Rome from February 537 to March 538 without being able to retake the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War in Italy, first phase, 535–540",
"text": "Thereupon Belisarius, with 7,500 men, invaded Sicily (535) and advanced into Italy, sacking Naples and capturing Rome on 9 December 536."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War in Italy, second phase, 541–554",
"text": "During this period the city of Rome changed hands three more times, first taken and depopulated by the Ostrogoths in December 546, then reconquered by the Byzantines in 547, and then again by the Goths in January 550."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Architecture, learning, art and literature",
"text": "According to Pseudo-Codinus, Justinian stated at the completion of this edifice, \"Solomon, I have outdone thee\" (in reference to the first Jewish temple)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because of his restoration activities, Justinian has sometimes been known as the \"Last Roman\" in mid-20th century historiography."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "I ho Mégas; c. 482 – 14 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565."
}
] |
Justinian the First was a ruler of Rome and considered the "Last Roman."
| 0 | 0 |
Justinian I
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Spärck Jones worked at the Cambridge Language Research Unit from the late 1950s, then at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002."
}
] |
ENoqD2F1xFComje6Deqn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Spärck Jones worked at the Cambridge Language Research Unit from the late 1950s, then at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She continued to work in the Computer Laboratory until shortly before her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal Life",
"text": "She was married to fellow Cambridge computer scientist Roger Needham until his death in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In August 2017, the University of Huddersfield renamed one of its campus buildings in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spärck Jones was educated at a grammar school in Huddersfield and then from 1953 to 1956 at Girton College, Cambridge, studying history, with an additional final year in Moral Sciences (philosophy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2019, The New York Times published her belated obituary in its series Overlooked, calling her \"a pioneer of computer science for work combining statistics and linguistics, and an advocate for women in the field.\" From 2008, to recognize her achievements in the fields of IR and NLP, the Karen Spärck Jones Award is awarded to a new recipient with outstanding research in one or both of her fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "From 1999 she was holding the post of Professor of Computers and Information."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She briefly became a school teacher, before moving into computer science."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Honours",
"text": "Fellow of AAAI Fellow of ECCAI President of the Association for Computational Linguistics in 1994"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "An annual British Computer Society Karen Spärck Jones lecture is named in her honour."
}
] |
Karen Sparck Jones worked at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002.
| 2 | 5 |
Karen Sparck Jones
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to England home games and the FA Cup final, the stadium also hosts other major games in English football, including the season-opening FA Community Shield, the League Cup final, the FA Cup semi-finals, the Football League Trophy, the Football League play-offs, the FA Trophy, the FA Vase and the National League play-offs."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Additionally, the Rugby League Challenge Cup Final returned to Wembley Stadium in 2007, and the stadium also hosted both semi-finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup."
}
] |
EOPXU055Xr8yEUDoEvwn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The stadium hosted the Gold medal matches at the 2012 Olympic Games football tournament."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Additionally, the Rugby League Challenge Cup Final returned to Wembley Stadium in 2007, and the stadium also hosted both semi-finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Rugby union",
"text": "Although the 90,000 seat Wembley was the largest stadium used during the 2015 Rugby World Cup, the World Cup Final was held at the 82,000 seat Twickenham Stadium, the traditional home of the tournament's host, England's Rugby Football Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The stadium also hosts rugby league's Challenge Cup final, NFL London Games and music concerts."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Rugby league",
"text": "The semi-finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup were played at Wembley Stadium where defending champions New Zealand beat England 20–18, and eventual tournament champions Australia defeated Fiji 64–0."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Rugby league",
"text": "and Australia beat host nation"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A UEFA category four stadium, Wembley hosted the 2011 and 2013 UEFA Champions League Finals, and will host seven games at UEFA Euro 2020, (including the final and both of the semi-finals), as well as the original venue of the 2023 UEFA Champions League Final."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Football",
"text": "The stadium hosted the 2013 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Borussia Dortmund, and in September 2019 it was named the host for the 2023 UEFA Champions League Final."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "In addition, the Conference National (now National League) play-off final is held at Wembley since 2007, and the FA Women's Cup final since 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to England home games and the FA Cup final, the stadium also hosts other major games in English football, including the season-opening FA Community Shield, the League Cup final, the FA Cup semi-finals, the Football League Trophy, the Football League play-offs, the FA Trophy, the FA Vase and the National League play-offs."
}
] |
In addition to hosting European soccer finals, Wembley is also known for hosting rugby tournaments.
| 5 | 7 |
Wembley Stadium
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In August 2009, the Los Angeles County Coroner ruled that Jackson's death was a homicide, and Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in November 2011."
}
] |
EOPvlrtA0eUIYOlDd3Vq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1975: Early life and the Jackson 5",
"text": "Michael Joseph Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, near Chicago, on August 29, 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Criminal investigation and prosecution",
"text": "In August 2009, the Los Angeles County Coroner ruled that Jackson's death was a homicide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In August 2009, the Los Angeles County Coroner ruled that Jackson's death was a homicide, and Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in November 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "On December 29, 2009, the American Film Institute recognized Jackson's death as a \"moment of significance\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On June 25, 2009, less than three weeks before the first This Is It show was due to begin in London, with all concerts sold out, Jackson died from a cardiac arrest."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1983: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever",
"text": "\"Billie Jean\" won two Grammy awards: Best R&B Song and Best R&B Vocal Performance (Male), with Jackson as songwriter and singer respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Posthumous sales",
"text": "At the 2009 American Music Awards, Jackson won four posthumous awards, including two for his compilation album Number Ones, bringing his total American Music Awards to 26."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1983: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever",
"text": "A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Posthumous releases and productions",
"text": "On October 28, 2009, Sony released a documentary film about the rehearsals, Michael Jackson's This Is It."
}
] |
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer whose death was ruled a homicide.
| 0 | 0 |
Michael Jackson
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1969–1987: Early years",
"text": "Samsung Electric Industries was established as an industrial part of Samsung Group in January 1969 in Suwon, South Korea."
}
] |
EOjxZrVREBN7VigYSQWu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Samsung Stores",
"text": "Samsung has started opening dedicated stores to showcase their goods."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1995–2008: Component manufacturing and design strategy",
"text": "This patient vertical integration strategy of manufacturing components has borne fruit for Samsung in the late 2000s."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation and safety issues | DRAM price fixing",
"text": "A recession started to occur that year, and the price fix ended."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Semiconductors",
"text": "They also began production of the first 5 nm nodes in late 2018, with plans to introduce 3 nm GAAFET nodes by 2021.According to market research firm Gartner, during the second quarter of 2010, Samsung Electronics took the top position in the DRAM segment due to brisk sales of the item on the world market."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Hard-drives",
"text": "In 2010, the company started marketing the 320Gb-per-disk HDD, the largest in the industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile phones and smartphones, started with the original Samsung Solstice and later, the popularity of its Samsung Galaxy line of devices."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1995–2008: Component manufacturing and design strategy",
"text": "By integrating a comprehensive design management system and strategy into the corporate culture, Samsung was successful in developing an award-winning product design portfolio by the late 1990s, resulting in significant brand equity growth."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–present: Consumer products",
"text": "\"On 2 May 2017, Samsung has been given permission from The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korea to start testing a self-driving car technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports clubs",
"text": "Samsung Electronics Athletic Club"
},
{
"section_header": "Sports clubs",
"text": "Samsung Electronics Equestrian Club"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969–1987: Early years",
"text": "Samsung Electric Industries was established as an industrial part of Samsung Group in January 1969 in Suwon, South Korea."
}
] |
Samsung Electronics was started in the late 1960's.
| 1 | 5 |
Samsung Electronics
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "She is directly influenced by the Greek gods (through Hera and Aphrodite) and while she possesses magical abilities, she is still a mortal with divine ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "One of the only uncontested facts is that she is a direct descendant of the sun god Helios (son of the Titan Hyperion) through her father King Aeëtes of Colchis."
}
] |
EPAp2M8CHj9qMbFzpBV5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "She also has connections with Hecate, who was the goddess of magic, which could be one of the main sources from which she draws her magical ties."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Jason and Medea",
"text": "On the way back to Thessaly, Medea prophesied that Euphemus, the helmsman of Jason's ship, the Argo, would one day rule over all of Libya."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "As Bernard Knox points out, Medea's last scene with concluding appearances parallels that of a number of indisputably divine beings in other plays by Euripides."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "One of the only uncontested facts is that she is a direct descendant of the sun god Helios (son of the Titan Hyperion) through her father King Aeëtes of Colchis."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "Just like these gods, Medea “interrupts and puts a stop to the violent action of the human being on the lower level, … justifies her savage revenge on the grounds that she has been treated with disrespect and mockery, … takes measures and gives orders for the burial of the dead, prophesies the future,” and “announces the foundation of a cult."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "Although Jason in Euripides calls Medea most hateful to gods and men, the fact that the chariot is given to her by Helios indicates that she still has the gods on her side."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "Instead of being the center of the story like she is in Euripides' Medea, this version of Medea is reduced to a supporting role."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Jason and Medea",
"text": "According to Apollodorus, Talos was slain either when Medea drove him mad with drugs, deceived him that she would make him immortal by removing the nail, or was killed by Poeas's arrow (Apollodorus 1.140)."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "They had one son, Medus, although Hesiod makes Medus the son of Jason."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Jason and Medea",
"text": "Talos had one vein which went from his neck to his ankle, bound shut by a single bronze nail."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "She is directly influenced by the Greek gods (through Hera and Aphrodite) and while she possesses magical abilities, she is still a mortal with divine ancestry."
}
] |
Medea's immortality was due to being of a bloodline that tied back to one of the gods.
| 0 | 0 |
Medea
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex."
}
] |
EPHZPSd867oeTVDlxVaE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "State equal rights amendments",
"text": "Some equal rights amendments and original constitutional equal rights provisions are: Alaska: No person is to be denied the enjoyment of any civil or political right because of race, color, creed, sex or national origin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex."
},
{
"section_header": "State equal rights amendments",
"text": "Iowa Constitution, Article I, §1 (1998) Maryland: Equality of rights under the law shall not be abridged or denied because of sex."
},
{
"section_header": "State equal rights amendments",
"text": "Connecticut Constitution, Article I, §20 (1984) Delaware: Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex."
},
{
"section_header": "State equal rights amendments",
"text": "10.The \"New ERA\" introduced in 2013, sponsored by Representative Carolyn B. Maloney, adds an additional sentence to the original text: \"Women shall have equal rights in the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction.\" Twenty-five states have adopted constitutions or constitutional amendments providing that equal rights under the law shall not be denied because of sex."
},
{
"section_header": "State equal rights amendments",
"text": "California Constitution, Article I, §8 (1879) Colorado: Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the state of Colorado or any of its political subdivisions because of sex."
},
{
"section_header": "State equal rights amendments",
"text": "Since equality in the enjoyment of natural and civil rights is only made sure through political equality, the laws of this state affecting the political rights and privileges of its citizens shall be without distinction of race, color, sex, or any circumstance or condition whatsoever other than the individual incompetency or unworthiness duly ascertained by a court of competent jurisdiction."
},
{
"section_header": "State equal rights amendments",
"text": "Montana Constitution, Article II, §4 (1973) Oregon: Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the state of Oregon or by any political subdivision in this state on account of sex."
},
{
"section_header": "State equal rights amendments",
"text": "Several states crafted and adopted their own equal rights amendments during the 1970s and 1980s, while the ERA was before the states, or afterward."
},
{
"section_header": "State equal rights amendments",
"text": ": No person shall be denied the equal protection of the law nor be subjected to segregation or discrimination in the exercise or enjoyment of his or her civil or political rights because of religion, race, color, ancestry, national origin, sex or physical or mental disability."
}
] |
The Equal Rights Amendment is about equality of rights regardless of sex.
| 1 | 5 |
Equal Rights Amendment
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Mendelssohn received the work positively, and conducted it in Leipzig in March 1843, to enthusiastic public reaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "When his first symphony was turned down for performance in Copenhagen, he sent it to Felix Mendelssohn."
}
] |
EPJQ7LeoayI2JfW6ERbg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "He died in Copenhagen. See List of compositions by Niels Gade"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "When his first symphony was turned down for performance in Copenhagen, he sent it to Felix Mendelssohn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niels Wilhelm Gade (22 February 1817 – 21 December 1890) was a Danish composer, conductor, violinist, organist and teacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In Copenhagen Gade became acquainted with the composer Cornelius Gurlitt"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Among Gade's works are eight symphonies, a violin concerto, chamber music, organ and piano pieces and a number of large-scale cantatas, Comala (1846) and Elverskud (1853) among them, which he called \"concert pieces\" (koncertstykker)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "An important influence on a number of Scandinavian composers, he encouraged and taught Edvard Grieg, Carl Nielsen, Elfrida Andrée, Otto Malling, August Winding and Asger Hamerik."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Gade was born in Copenhagen, the son of a joiner and instrument maker."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He also worked as an organist; though he lost the prestigious position of organist at Our Lady, today's Copenhagen Cathedral, to Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, he served in the Holmen Church in Copenhagen from 1850 until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Gade became director of the Copenhagen Musical Society (Musikforeningen), a post he retained until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Gade was joint director of the Copenhagen Conservatory with Hartmann (whose daughter he married in 1852) and Holger Simon Paulli."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Mendelssohn received the work positively, and conducted it in Leipzig in March 1843, to enthusiastic public reaction."
}
] |
Niels Gade's symphony was introduced to a famous German composer after it was rejected in Copenhagen.
| 0 | 0 |
Niels Gade
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel dramatizes the conflict between the commune's ideals and the members' private desires and romantic rivalries."
}
] |
EPKjgreduJ6Scv1JFcMs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Blithedale Romance (1852) is Nathaniel Hawthorne's third major romance."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary and modern criticism",
"text": "Following its publication, The Blithedale Romance was received with little enthusiasm by contemporary critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbols",
"text": "The exotic flower is a symbol of her pride, life and vitality all of which the characters in the Blithedale Romance are set on destroying."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary and modern criticism",
"text": "Critics believe that when viewed as representative of Hawthorne's own life and beliefs, \"The Blithedale Romance\" provides insight into the mind of the author."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He there shows a sort of voyeurism, peeping through hotel windows at a young man and another family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel dramatizes the conflict between the commune's ideals and the members' private desires and romantic rivalries."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary and modern criticism",
"text": "In a broader sense, critics have long argued that the majority of the people, places, and events of The Blithedale Romance can be traced back to Hawthorne's observations and experiences over his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Context",
"text": "The Blithedale Romance is a work of fiction based on Hawthorne's recollections of Brook Farm, a short-lived agricultural and educational commune where Hawthorne lived from April to November 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "During his sickness, he believes he is on the brink of death and develops a closeness with Hollingsworth due to their anxiety-ridden situation and discussion of worldly ideals."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "He becomes good friends with Coverdale during the other's sickness, but his attempts to recruit the other to his cause eventually cause enough tension for a split in the friendship."
}
] |
The Blithedale Romance is about a young girl's desire to aid her country during the war.
| 1 | 2 |
The Blithedale Romance
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Definition and examples",
"text": "A natural number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.) is called a prime number (or a prime) if it is greater than 1 and cannot be written as the product of two smaller natural numbers."
}
] |
EPTuxXa44L9PIwqlQW9a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Definition and examples",
"text": "A natural number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.) is called a prime number (or a prime) if it is greater than 1 and cannot be written as the product of two smaller natural numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties | Infinitude",
"text": "Another way of saying this is that the sequence 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ...of prime numbers never ends."
},
{
"section_header": "Definition and examples",
"text": "greater than 2 is prime because any such number can be expressed as the product 2"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Abstract algebra | Prime elements in rings",
"text": "Not every number that is prime among the integers remains prime in the Gaussian integers; for instance, the number 2 can be written as a product of the two Gaussian primes 1"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order."
},
{
"section_header": "Definition and examples",
"text": "The divisors of a natural number"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties | Unique factorization",
"text": "Writing a number as a product of prime numbers is called a prime factorization of the number."
}
] |
Prime numbers are never the product of 2 natural numbers.
| 0 | 0 |
Prime number
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bolívar was born into a wealthy family and as was common for the heirs of upper-class families in his day, was sent to be educated abroad at a young age, arriving in Spain when he was 16 and later moving to France."
}
] |
EQ3Z45BTI3olXcFw8drf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family history | Origin of Bolívar surname",
"text": "Bolívar's father came from the female line of the Ardanza family."
},
{
"section_header": "Family history | 16th century",
"text": "The majority of the wealth of Simón de Bolívar's descendants came from the estates."
},
{
"section_header": "Family history | 16th century",
"text": "Another portion of the Bolívars' wealth came from silver, gold, and copper mines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bolívar was born into a wealthy family and as was common for the heirs of upper-class families in his day, was sent to be educated abroad at a young age, arriving in Spain when he was 16 and later moving to France."
},
{
"section_header": "Descriptions of Bolívar | Karl Marx",
"text": "Marx begins by saying that Bolívar was born to a family of \"creole nobility in Venezuela\" and that similar to the \"custom of wealthy Americans of those times, at the early age of 14 he was sent to Europe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Family history | 17th century",
"text": "Many of the mines became the property of the Bolívar family."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and physical legacy",
"text": "The Bolivar Peninsula in Texas, Bolivar County, Mississippi, Bolivar, New York, Bolivar, West Virginia and Bolivar, Tennessee are also named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Family history | Origin of Bolívar surname",
"text": "His maternal grandmother was descended from families from the Canary Islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Family history | 16th century",
"text": "From his mother's side (the Palacios family), Bolívar inherited the Aroa copper mines at Cocorote."
},
{
"section_header": "Family history | 16th century",
"text": "When Caracas Cathedral was built in 1569, the Bolívar family had one of the first dedicated side chapels."
}
] |
Bolivar came from a wealthy family.
| 0 | 0 |
Simon Bolivar
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Foxx dropped out of high school early to join a minor league team managed by former Philadelphia Athletics great Frank \"Home Run\" Baker."
}
] |
EQk6XC25GMLhQVYmSwB9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball career",
"text": "A series of bad investments left Foxx broke by 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "The great Yankee pitcher Lefty Gomez once said of him, \"He has muscles in his hair.\" In 1937, Foxx hit a ball into the third deck of the left-field stands at Yankee Stadium, a very rare feat because of the distance and the angle of the stands."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Foxx was born in Sudlersville, Maryland, on October 22, 1907, to Dell and Mattie Foxx, who were farmers."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball career",
"text": "Foxx did not return for the 1953 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Foxx had hoped to pitch or play third base, but since the team was short on catchers, Foxx moved behind the plate."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "That year, Foxx appeared on the cover of Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs and Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Foxx was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball career",
"text": "Foxx had a city baseball field named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "An autopsy showed that Foxx had choked on a piece of food."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Foxx is buried at Flagler Memorial Park in Miami."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Foxx dropped out of high school early to join a minor league team managed by former Philadelphia Athletics great Frank \"Home Run\" Baker."
}
] |
Foxx left his studies to help his parents with the family business.
| 2 | 3 |
Jimmie Foxx
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early career | Between the wars | Early 1930s: proponent of armoured warfare",
"text": "Unlike Pétain, de Gaulle believed in the use of tanks and rapid maneuvers rather than trench warfare."
}
] |
ERgW9TuhF5913Kpmg0Z2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Second World War: the Fall of France | Battle of France: division commander",
"text": "De Gaulle commandeered some retreating cavalry and artillery units and also received an extra half-brigade, one of whose battalions included some heavy B1 bis tanks."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | First World War | Combat",
"text": "However, the French Fifth Army commander, General Charles Lanrezac, remained wed to 19th-century battle tactics, throwing his units into pointless bayonet charges with bugles and full colours flying against the German artillery, incurring heavy losses."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and origins",
"text": "He was also influenced by his uncle, also named Charles de Gaulle, who was a historian and passionate Celticist who wrote books and pamphlets advocating the union of the Welsh, Scots, Irish, and Bretons into one people."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: leader of the Free French in exile | De Gaulle and Pétain: rival visions of France",
"text": "De Gaulle began by making frequent use of \"I\" and \"me\" in his war-time speeches, but over time, their use declined."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | First World War | Combat",
"text": "However, there is no contemporary evidence that he understood the importance of artillery in modern warfare."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Confrontation in Syria and Lebanon",
"text": "On 20 May, French artillery and warplanes fired on demonstrators in Damascus."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: the Fall of France | Battle of France: division commander",
"text": "On 18 May he was reinforced by two fresh regiments of armoured cavalry, bringing his strength up to 150 vehicles."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France",
"text": "In order not to be seen as presuming on his position in such austere times, de Gaulle did not use one of the grand official residences such as Hotel de Matignon or the presidential palace on the Elysee, but resided briefly in his old office at the War Ministry."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Victory in Europe",
"text": "However, among the vehicles that took part was an ambulance from the Hadfield-Spears Ambulance Unit, staffed by French doctors and British nurses."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Between the wars | Early 1930s: proponent of armoured warfare",
"text": "De Gaulle was deeply focused on his career at this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Between the wars | Early 1930s: proponent of armoured warfare",
"text": "Unlike Pétain, de Gaulle believed in the use of tanks and rapid maneuvers rather than trench warfare."
}
] |
Charles de Gaulle preferred entrenchment and artillery to reliance on newly made and untested (at the time) heavy vehicles.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles de Gaulle
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Without his parents' permission, Handy bought his first guitar, which he had seen in a local shop window and secretly saved for by picking berries and nuts and making lye soap."
}
] |
ERzxpQMfdIEekalIeYRS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Handy's father believed that musical instruments were tools of the devil."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Handy was born in Florence, Alabama, the son of Elizabeth Brewer and Charles Barnard Handy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Handy liked him, and Pace later became the manager of Pace and Handy Sheet Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Handy and his family lived there for six years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Handy sold the rights to the song for $100."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Handy was honored with two markers on the Mississippi Blues Trail, the \"Enlightenment of W.C. Handy\" in Clarksdale, Mississippi and a marker at his birthplace in Florence, Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Handy was one of the most influential songwriters in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "After the quartet disbanded, Handy went to Evansville, Indiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Handy was paid a salary of $6 per week."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Handy was an educated musician who used elements of folk music in his compositions."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Without his parents' permission, Handy bought his first guitar, which he had seen in a local shop window and secretly saved for by picking berries and nuts and making lye soap."
}
] |
W.C. Handy bough an instrument with none of his parents' agreement.
| 0 | 3 |
W.C. Handy
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and Hall of Fame Inductions",
"text": "Along with Willie Wells, Dihigo is just one of two players to be inducted to the American, Cuban, Mexican, Dominican Republic and Venezuelan Baseball Halls of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career stats",
"text": "Combining his Dominican, American, Cuban and Mexican statistics results in a lifetime .302 career batting average with 130 home runs (eleven seasons worth of home run totals are missing) and a 252-132 pitching record."
}
] |
ES99WinqA4ObQtIDWKXX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "Dihigo continued his playing career in Mexico into the early 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "Over the course of his career, he played all nine positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues",
"text": "As a pitcher, he went 26–19 with a 2.92 ERA, with 176 strikeouts and 80 walks in 354 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Negro league baseball and Latin American leagues from 1923 to 1936 as a pitcher and second baseman, although he excelled at several positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "He played in the Negro leagues from 1923 through 1936 and again briefly in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Hall of Fame Inductions",
"text": "Dihigo was also inducted into the Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martín Magdaleno Dihigo Llanos (May 25, 1906 – May 20, 1971) was a Cuban professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "His first summer in United States baseball came in 1923 as a first baseman for the Negro leagues' Cuban Stars (East)."
},
{
"section_header": "Post career",
"text": "After retiring, Dihigo became a radio announcer for the Cuban Winter League."
},
{
"section_header": "Post career",
"text": "He taught programs for amateur baseball players that the new government opened"
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Hall of Fame Inductions",
"text": "Along with Willie Wells, Dihigo is just one of two players to be inducted to the American, Cuban, Mexican, Dominican Republic and Venezuelan Baseball Halls of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career stats",
"text": "Combining his Dominican, American, Cuban and Mexican statistics results in a lifetime .302 career batting average with 130 home runs (eleven seasons worth of home run totals are missing) and a 252-132 pitching record."
}
] |
Dihigo played in at least four leagues during his baseball career.
| 2 | 6 |
Martín Dihigo
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Scarlett Johansson and Adam Driver, with Laura Dern, Alan Alda, Ray Liotta, Julie Hagerty, and Merritt Wever in supporting roles."
}
] |
ESDPcP1qsQIhV6ja3SYN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "She likes it a lot.\" Marriage Story had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on August 29, 2019, and also screened at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2019, and the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2019, where it was first runner-up for the People's Choice Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Released by Netflix, the film had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on August 29, 2019, and began a limited theatrical release on November 6, followed by digital streaming on December 6."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "It also served as the Centerpiece selection at the New York Film Festival on October 4, 2019, and the BFI London Film Festival on October 6, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marriage Story is a 2019 drama film written, directed, and produced by Noah Baumbach."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Scarlett Johansson and Adam Driver, with Laura Dern, Alan Alda, Ray Liotta, Julie Hagerty, and Merritt Wever in supporting roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In November 2017, it was announced Driver, Scarlett Johansson, Laura Dern, Merritt Wever and Azhy Robertson were set to star in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Time Magazine's annual best performances of the year list by Stephanie Zacharek listed Driver as the third best film acting performance of 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marriage Story was praised for Baumbach's screenplay, the performances of Johansson, Driver and Dern, and Randy Newman's musical score."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The obnoxious sentimentality of Marriage Story forces a filmmaker's self-righteousness on us ... It is Johansson and Driver who suffer Baumbach's superficiality."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "This is his least-bad movie only because the quality of the performances [of the supporting cast] is improved.\" Marriage Story was chosen by the American Film Institute, the National Board of Review, and Time magazine as one of the ten best films of the year."
}
] |
Marriage Story is a film that premiered in 2019 at a film festival in Italy and starred Selena Gomez and Adam Driver.
| 1 | 4 |
Marriage Story
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl August Nielsen (Danish: [ˈkʰɑˀl ˈne̝lsn̩]; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer."
}
] |
ESFrnLDMRXhodvVk0xwi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Minor planet 6058 Carlnielsen is named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Final years and death",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen Monument was finally unveiled in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen Museum in Odense documents his life and that of his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl August Nielsen (Danish: [ˈkʰɑˀl ˈne̝lsn̩]; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In his home country, the Carl Nielsen Museum, in Odense, is dedicated to Nielsen and his wife, Anne Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Work carried out by the recently published complete Carl Nielsen Edition"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen International Competition commenced in the 1970s under the auspices of the Odense Symphony Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and children",
"text": "He had already fathered a son, Carl August Nielsen, in January 1888, before he met Anne Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Final years and death",
"text": "Nielsen's final large-scale orchestral works were his Flute Concerto (1926) and the Clarinet Concerto (1928), of which Robert Layton writes: \"If ever there was music from another planet, this is surely it."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Robert Simpson's book Carl Nielsen, Symphonist (first edition 1952) was the earliest large-scale study in English."
}
] |
Carl Nielsen is a French composer and has a planet named after him.
| 3 | 8 |
Carl Nielsen
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "The stadium was initially slated to cost US$1 billion, then rose to US$1.2 billion in October"
}
] |
ESwA2RDvIV99A6RTLViJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "Mercedes-Benz also holds a 10-year naming rights contract for the Louisiana Superdome signed in 2011.Total sponsorship sales for Mercedes-Benz Stadium have reached $900 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "All operating profits of Mercedes-Benz Stadium go to AMB Group and not to the state."
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "Then-Mercedes-Benz USA CEO Steve Cannon, who would subsequently join the Falcons' organization in 2016 as CEO of AMB Group, stated that the sponsorship would last 27 years, calling it the largest marketing deal in Mercedes-Benz' history, but Cannon would not disclose the full value of the deal; however, Sports Business Daily reported in February 2016 that the naming rights contract was valued at US$324 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Major events | College and high school football",
"text": "In May 2019, the GHSA announced that the football finals would be moved from Mercedes-Benz Stadium to Georgia State Stadium (a redevelopment of Turner Field) starting in 2019, citing the higher costs of renting Mercedes-Benz Stadium compared to the former Georgia Dome."
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "On August 21, 2015, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that Mercedes-Benz would acquire the naming rights for the stadium, and this was later confirmed by a press conference at the stadium site on August 24."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning",
"text": "They also reported on September 10 that Atlanta mayor Kasim Reed said site improvements could likely bump the total cost to US$1.2 billion; however, that does not increase the actual building cost, which still remains at an estimated US$948 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning",
"text": "On May 21, 2013, the NFL approved a US$200 million loan to the Falcons organization for the purpose of building the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "2013.The city has agreed to contribute US$200 million in stadium bonds, but with additional tax revenues and with the state of Georgia contributing US$40 million for parking expansion, public spending is expected to eclipse US$700 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Major events | College and high school football",
"text": "-A Kickoff Game moved from the Georgia Dome to Mercedes-Benz Stadium in the 2017 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "The stadium was initially slated to cost US$1 billion, then rose to US$1.2 billion in October"
}
] |
Mercedes Benz Stadium did cost 500 millions to build.
| 0 | 0 |
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashton Kutcher was hired to replace him the following season as Walden Schmidt, a billionaire who buys Charlie's house after his death."
}
] |
ETAFuv1lAS5WSdTWCBNK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two and a Half Men is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS for twelve seasons from September 22, 2003, to February 19, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "The attention Two and a Half Men received due to the change in characters gave the series a boost."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings | American television ratings",
"text": "Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of Two and a Half Men on CBS: Note: Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "On May 13, CBS announced Ashton Kutcher would join the cast."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "Two and a Half Men improved ratings for this time slot, which were up from the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Two and a Half Men received mostly mixed reviews from critics throughout its run."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Praises",
"text": "This has garnered praises from Lee Aronsohn who has stated that the premise of Two and a Half Men was created amidst many other TV series centered around mainly women, which he viewed as a serious problem in television."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Praises",
"text": "The premise of Two and a Half Men depicts two broken characters that suffer from mental issues such as anxiety, depression, and alcoholism."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "After the finale, Two and a Half Men fans launched a global petition under the name \" Yes To The Harpers\", to have Charlie Sheen reprise the role of Charlie Harper alongside his former co-star Jon Cryer."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Following the filming of the final episode, Stage 26 of the Warner Brothers lot was renamed the \"Two and a Half Men stage\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashton Kutcher was hired to replace him the following season as Walden Schmidt, a billionaire who buys Charlie's house after his death."
}
] |
The American series Two and a Half Men starred Ashton Kutcher from the beginning.
| 0 | 0 |
Two and a Half Men
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hurston was born in Notasulga, Alabama, and moved with her family to Eatonville, Florida, in 1894."
}
] |
ETb2XJwSJBeEVbk7aITW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hurston was born in Notasulga, Alabama, and moved with her family to Eatonville, Florida, in 1894."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "When she was three, her family moved to Eatonville, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Anthropological and folkloric fieldwork",
"text": "She moved to Fort Pierce, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Hurston said that Eatonville was \"home\" to her, as she was so young when she moved there."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Work and study",
"text": "In 1917, she resumed her formal education, attending Morgan College, the high school division of Morgan State University, a historically black college in Baltimore, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | 1930s",
"text": "No producers wanted to move forward with a full run of the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | 1920s",
"text": "In 1929, Hurston moved to Eau Gallie, Florida, where she wrote Mules and Men."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "Why fear? The stuff of my being is matter, ever changing, ever moving, but never lost; so what need of denominations and creeds to deny myself the comfort of all my fellow men?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After moving back to Florida, Hurston wrote and published her literary anthropology on African-American folklore in North Florida, Mules and Men (1935), and her first three novels: Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934);"
}
] |
Zora Neale Hurston moved with her family to Maryland in 1894.
| 2 | 6 |
Zora Neale Hurston
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Algeria and nearly all other colonies became independent in the 1960s, with most retaining close economic and military connections with France."
}
] |
ETnc980CEbCIAbgkPGli
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "Over 70% of new cars sold in 2004 had diesel engines, far more than contained petrol or LPG engines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Algeria and nearly all other colonies became independent in the 1960s, with most retaining close economic and military connections with France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Contemporary period (1914–present)",
"text": "Since the 19th century France has received many immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "By 2006, the Michelin Guide had awarded 620 stars to French restaurants, at that time more than any other country, although the guide also inspects more restaurants in France than in any other country (by 2010, Japan was awarded as many Michelin stars as France, despite having half the number of Michelin inspectors working there).In addition to its wine tradition, France is also a major producer of beer and rum."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Contemporary period (1914–present)",
"text": "The war was concluded with the Évian Accords in 1962 that led to Algerian independence."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Contemporary period (1914–present)",
"text": "The Algerian independence came at a high price; the large toll on the Algerian population."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early modern period (15th century–1789)",
"text": "France obtained many overseas possessions in the Americas, Africa and Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art",
"text": "Many museums in France are entirely or partly devoted to sculptures and painting works."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Military",
"text": "French nuclear deterrence, (formerly known as \"Force de Frappe\"), relies on complete independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Among current musical events and institutions in France, many are dedicated to classical music and operas."
}
] |
Many colonized countries by France got their independence in the 70s.
| 0 | 1 |
France
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although selected by the Pulitzer Prize jury on fiction for the 1974 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, the Pulitzer Advisory Board was offended by its content, some of which was described as \"'unreadable,' 'turgid,' 'overwritten' and in parts 'obscene'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Pulitzer Prize was awarded for fiction that year."
}
] |
ETvF3YMCXCrHuFfmQjgj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "World War I. Gravity's Rainbow takes these sentiments to their extreme in its highly pessimistic culmination of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence",
"text": "Though the book won the National Book Award for 1974, Pynchon chose neither to accept nor acknowledge this award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although selected by the Pulitzer Prize jury on fiction for the 1974 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, the Pulitzer Advisory Board was offended by its content, some of which was described as \"'unreadable,' 'turgid,' 'overwritten' and in parts 'obscene'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Basis in reality",
"text": "In reality, a V-2 rocket hit the Cine Rex in Antwerp, where some 1200 people were watching the movie The Plainsman, on December 16, 1944, killing 567 people, the most killed by a single rocket during the entire war."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Video games",
"text": "The Witness, director Jonathan Blow said \"I want to make games for people who like to read Gravity's Rainbow\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Video games",
"text": "He later elaborated: Gravity's Rainbow is a very free book in a certain way."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lengthy, complex, and featuring a large cast of characters, the narrative is set primarily in Europe at the end of World War II, and centers on the design, production and dispatch of V-2 rockets by the German military."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Music",
"text": "It\" were inspired by Gravity's Rainbow parodies of limericks and poems; Gerald Casale specified: The lyrics were written by me as an imitation of Thomas Pynchon's parodies in his book Gravity's Rainbow."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Music",
"text": "Bert McCracken, the band's lead singer, said that Gravity's Rainbow is one of his favorite books of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It shared the 1974 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction with A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories by Isaac Bashevis Singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Pulitzer Prize was awarded for fiction that year."
}
] |
The book, Gravity's Rainbow, is about a group of people who survived World War 2 and it won the Pulitzer in 1974.
| 3 | 4 |
Gravity's Rainbow
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They ended the Thirty Years' War and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire."
}
] |
EUJJ4XzfXpR437GbSBET
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three treaties were signed to end each of the overlapping wars: the Peace of Münster, the Treaty of Münster, and the Treaty of Osnabrück."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) were two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "The main peace negotiations took place in Westphalia, in the neighboring cities of Münster and Osnabrück."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "Two complementary treaties were signed on 24 October 1648: The Treaty of Münster (Instrumentum Pacis Monasteriensis, IPM), between the Holy Roman Emperor and France, along with their respective allies"
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "The Peace of Münster was signed by the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Spain on 30 January 1648, and was ratified in Münster on 15 May 1648."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "In Münster, negotiations took place between the Holy Roman Empire and France, as well as between the Dutch Republic and Spain who on 30 January 1648 signed a peace treaty, that was not part of the Peace of Westphalia."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "Osnabrück was a bidenominational Lutheran and Catholic city, with two Lutheran churches and two Catholic churches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They ended the Thirty Years' War and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The treaties did not entirely end conflicts arising out of the Thirty Years' War."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "Three separate treaties constituted the peace settlement."
}
] |
The Peace of Westphalia were two treaties signed by the cities of Münster and Osnabrück that ended the 20 Years' War.
| 0 | 0 |
Peace of Westphalia
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It takes Odysseus ten years to reach Ithaca after the ten-year Trojan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Return to Ithaca",
"text": "When Odysseus' dog (who was a puppy before he left) sees him, he becomes so excited that he dies."
}
] |
EUfevrD7roBhwBHSFyRq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Character of Odysseus",
"text": "This enrages Poseidon, causing the god to thwart Odysseus' homecoming for a decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Return to Ithaca",
"text": "Telemachus goes home first. Accompanied by Eumaeus, Odysseus returns to his own house, still pretending to be a beggar."
},
{
"section_header": "Character of Odysseus",
"text": "As he sails away from the island of the Cyclopes, he shouts his name and boasts that nobody can defeat the \"Great Odysseus."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Return to Ithaca",
"text": "Meanwhile, Telemachus sails home from Sparta, evading an ambush set by the Suitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Return to Ithaca",
"text": "Father and son meet; Odysseus identifies himself to Telemachus (but still not to Eumaeus), and they decide that the Suitors must be killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Odysseus' account of his adventures",
"text": "Upon returning home, Polyphemus sealed the entrance with a massive boulder and proceeded to eat Odysseus' men."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and patterns | Homecoming",
"text": "Upon Agamemnon's return, his wife Clytemnestra and her lover, Aegisthus kill Agamemnon."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Exposition",
"text": "The Odyssey begins after the end of the ten-year Trojan War (the subject of the Iliad), from which Odysseus, king of Ithaca, has still not returned due to angering Poseidon, the god of the sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Return to Ithaca",
"text": "He disembarks on the coast of Ithaca and makes for Eumaeus's hut."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Return to Ithaca",
"text": "He further promises the men of the return of Odysseus, but his promises are wearily discounted by the men."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It takes Odysseus ten years to reach Ithaca after the ten-year Trojan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Return to Ithaca",
"text": "When Odysseus' dog (who was a puppy before he left) sees him, he becomes so excited that he dies."
}
] |
After a decade, the pet that Odysseus had when he sailed away from Ithaca a decade ago is still waiting for him upon his return.
| 0 | 0 |
Odyssey
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published serially in the journal The Russian Messenger in 1868–69."
}
] |
EUo8Po0gWeClBxBYJLus
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Idiót) is a novel by the 19th-century Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "BBC Radio 7 broadcast a 4-episode adaptation of The Idiot entitled Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Idiot, in June 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to Gary Saul Morson, \"The Idiot violates every critical norm and yet somehow manages to achieve real greatness.\" Dostoevsky himself was of the opinion that the experiment was not entirely successful, but the novel remained his favourite among his works."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "I do not stand behind the novel, but I do stand behind the idea.\" In September 1867, when Dostoevsky began work on what was to become The Idiot, he was living in Switzerland with his new wife Anna Grigoryevna, having left Russia in order to escape his creditors."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bakhtin saw Dostoevsky as the preeminent exemplar of the Carnivalesque in literature, and as the inventor of the Polyphonic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published serially in the journal The Russian Messenger in 1868–69."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 4",
"text": "At the height of his fervor he begins waving his arms about and knocks over the priceless Chinese vase, smashing it to pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "French and English translations were published in 1887, and a German translation in 1889."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Narrator and author",
"text": "\"For Bakhtin the narrator's voice is another participant, albeit of a special kind, in the \"great dialogue\" that constitutes the Dostoevsky novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Atheism and Christianity in Russia",
"text": "A dialogue between the intimately related themes of Atheism and Christian faith (meaning, for Dostoevsky, Russian Orthodoxy) pervades the entire novel."
}
] |
The novel The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoevsky was published in pieces.
| 0 | 0 |
The Idiot
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On November 5, 1924, Lodge suffered a severe stroke while recovering in the hospital from surgery for gallstones."
}
] |
EUtwFAjbWG0fvty3TZXc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Charles Scribner's Sons. Roosevelt, Theodore, and Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Little, Brown. 1880. Ballads and Lyrics, Selected and Arranged by Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 1884–1918 (2 vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "George's sons, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902–1985) and John Davis Lodge (1903–1985), also became politicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | League of Nations",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., Lodge's grandson, served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from 1953 to 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1871, he married Anna \"Nannie\" Cabot Mills Davis, daughter of Admiral Charles Henry Davis."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He died four days later at the age of 74."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was reappointed to the Board in 1905 and served until he died in 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Immigration",
"text": "In a May 1891 article on Italian immigration, Lodge expressed his concern that immigration by \"the races who have peopled the United States\" was declining, while \"the immigration of people removed from us in race and blood\" was on the rise."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On November 5, 1924, Lodge suffered a severe stroke while recovering in the hospital from surgery for gallstones."
}
] |
Henry Cabot Lodge died shortly after having rocks removed from his organs.
| 2 | 5 |
Henry Cabot Lodge
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack."
}
] |
EUw9Em7K8H8E2cNwuPlz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper"
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "George Clooney as Michael Raymond Clayton."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "On March 11, 2008 the movie was also released on HD DVD."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads: \"Michael Clayton is one of the most sharply scripted films of 2007, with an engrossing premise and faultless acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Time magazine said that \"Michael Clayton is not an exercise in high-tension energy; you'll never confuse its eponymous protagonist with Jason Bourne."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a \"fixer\" for a prestigious New York City law firm, using his connections and knowledge of legal loopholes for clients' benefit."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "Original Motion Picture Soundtrack: Michael Clayton was composed by James Newton Howard and released on September 25, 2007 on the Varèse Sarabande label."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film chronicles the attempts by attorney Michael Clayton to cope with a colleague's apparent mental breakdown and the corruption and intrigue surrounding a major client of his law firm being sued in a class action case over the effects of toxic agrochemicals."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Tom Wilkinson as Arthur Edens, senior litigation partner in the firm, good friend of Michael Clayton and Marty Bach, lead attorney for U-North in an expensive class-action law suit, whose erratic behavior threatens to derail the case after he goes off the medications he takes for bipolar disorder"
}
] |
Michael Clayton is a horror movie.
| 2 | 6 |
Michael Clayton
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Remakes",
"text": "Stanley Kramer produced and directed an unsold 30-minute television pilot for ABC-TV with the same title and premise in 1975.In 2003, comedian Daniele Luttazzi published the screenplay Tabù, an almost verbatim parody of the film."
}
] |
EV2sRXxjjxOyWGwQc4M7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner is a 1967 American drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer, and written by William Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Variant versions",
"text": "The original version of the film that played in theaters in 1968 contained a moment in which Tillie responds to the question \"Guess who's coming to dinner now?\" with the sarcastic one-liner: \"The Reverend Martin Luther King?\" After King's assassination on April 4, 1968, this line was removed from the film, so by August 1968, almost all theaters' showings of this film had this line omitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes",
"text": "Stanley Kramer produced and directed an unsold 30-minute television pilot for ABC-TV with the same title and premise in 1975.In 2003, comedian Daniele Luttazzi published the screenplay Tabù, an almost verbatim parody of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner was a box-office hit in 1968 throughout the United States, including in Southern states where it was traditionally assumed that few white filmgoers would want to see any film with black leads."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | American Film Institute recognition",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #99"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | American Film Institute recognition",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, the film was ranked #99 on the 100 Years...100 Movies list, by the American Film Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "The film was first shown on U.S. television on CBS on September 19, 1971 and was the highest-rated film broadcast in the year with a rating of 26.8 and an audience share of 44%.In"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | American Film Institute recognition",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #58 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes: \"You think of yourself as a colored man."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": ", Lawrence Van Gelder wrote: \"the suspicion arises that were the film made today its makers would come to grips a good deal more bluntly with the problems of intermarriage."
}
] |
The movie, "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner" has a satirical television show with the same name.
| 2 | 3 |
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Play in performance",
"text": "Heartbreak House is not often performed due to its complex structure; however it is argued that the genius of the play cannot be fully appreciated without seeing it in performance."
}
] |
EV9jLZncJ1sK6LGjCWT6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Heartbreak House, Great Catherine, and playlets about the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Heartbreak House: A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He deliberately gets himself captured to get charitable assistance from his victims."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to Chekhov",
"text": "Heartbreak House is thus a redistillation of Chekhov and at the same time a passing beyond him, for Chekhov's world is static and directionless."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Play in performance",
"text": "Heartbreak House is not often performed due to its complex structure; however it is argued that the genius of the play cannot be fully appreciated without seeing it in performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to Chekhov",
"text": "\"Critics have taken very different views about Shaw's adaptation of Chekhov."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The \"Russian manner\" of the subtitle refers to the style of Anton Chekhov, which Shaw adapts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heartbreak House: A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes is a play written by George Bernard Shaw, first published in 1919 and first played at the Garrick Theatre in November 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Society",
"text": "Shaw divides the Edwardian upper-class into two facets: the traditional country-based gentry and aristocracy (those of Horseback Hall) and the rentier upper middle-class (those of Heartbreak House)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Play in performance",
"text": "Aleksandr Sokurov's loose film adaptation Mournful Unconcern (Skorbnoye beschuvstviye) was made in 1987."
}
] |
The Heartbreak House is not simple so does not get adapted often.
| 1 | 4 |
Heartbreak House
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "It is a great path. \"Adams has never married."
}
] |
EVTts9cjj2Nbm1k4KZYo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pretty Woman: The Musical",
"text": "Adams recruited Jim Vallance, and the two of them spent the next two years writing the music and lyrics, and completed the songs in March 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1980s",
"text": "Adams's self-titled debut album, mostly co-written with Jim Vallance, was released in February 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010s",
"text": "The album, titled Get Up, was co-written with Jim Vallance and produced by Jeff Lynne."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010s",
"text": "The album contains cover songs and one original song co-written with Jim Vallance."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early career",
"text": "In 1978, at age 18, Adams met Jim Vallance through a mutual friend in a Vancouver music store."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010s",
"text": "The song was called \"Bang the Drum\" and was co-written with Jim Vallance for the opening ceremony for the 2010 Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver, British Columbia."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism and humanitarian work | Humanitarian work",
"text": "Most of Adams's philanthropic activity is focused on The Bryan Adams Foundation, which aims to advance education and learning opportunities for children and young people worldwide, believing that an education is the best gift that a child can be given."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism and humanitarian work | Humanitarian work",
"text": "Adams helped commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall when, in 1990, he joined many other guests (including his songwriting partner Michael Kamen) for Roger Waters' massive performance of The Wall in Berlin, Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1980s",
"text": "Cuts Like a Knife, which was released in January 1983, was Adams's breakout album."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1990s",
"text": "\"Back to You\" was the first single, followed by"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "It is a great path. \"Adams has never married."
}
] |
Bryan Adams's first wife was the sister of his writing partner, Jim Vallance.
| 0 | 0 |
Bryan Adams
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It is frequently regarded as amongst the best of Conrad's long fiction; F. Scott Fitzgerald once said, \"I'd rather have written Nostromo than any other novel.\" Conrad set his novel in the town of Sulaco, an imaginary port in the western region of the imaginary country Costaguana."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard is a 1904 novel by Joseph Conrad, set in the fictitious South American republic of \"Costaguana\"."
}
] |
EVeZkPqSCp2oYTNTDVkq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "References in other works",
"text": "Andrew Greeley's novel Virgin and Martyr (1985) has much of the story set in the fictional country of Costaguana."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It is frequently regarded as amongst the best of Conrad's long fiction; F. Scott Fitzgerald once said, \"I'd rather have written Nostromo than any other novel.\" Conrad set his novel in the town of Sulaco, an imaginary port in the western region of the imaginary country Costaguana."
},
{
"section_header": "References in other works",
"text": "Many of the place names are borrowed from Conrad's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Accompanied by the young journalist Martin Decoud, Nostromo sets off to smuggle the silver out of Sulaco."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard is a 1904 novel by Joseph Conrad, set in the fictitious South American republic of \"Costaguana\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Nostromo is set in the South American country of Costaguana, and more specifically in that country's Occidental Province and its port city of Sulaco."
},
{
"section_header": "References in other works",
"text": "Colombian writer Juan Gabriel Vásquez's novel The Secret History of Costaguana (2007) narrates the secession of Panamá from Colombia as the background story that (in this fictional work) served as Conrad's inspiration for Nostromo."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Though Costaguana is a fictional nation, its geography as described in the book resembles real-life Colombia."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Costaguana’s first civilian head of state, who takes over after the overthrow of the tyrannical Guzman Bento; a member of the landed aristocracy; corpulent to the point of infirmity; highly respected abroad and full of good intentions, and many of the characters, including Charles Gould, place their hopes in his ability to bring democracy and stability to Costaguana"
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Marlon Brando, Paul Scofield, Peter O'Toole, Isabella Rossellini, Christopher Lambert and Dennis Quaid had all been set to star in this adaptation, along with Georges Corraface in the title role."
}
] |
Nostromo is set in a fictional place.
| 0 | 0 |
Nostromo
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On November 7, 2017, Halladay died when the ICON A5 Founders Edition amphibious aircraft he was piloting crashed into the Gulf of Mexico."
}
] |
EWCeacxLsraZdjOPfjL2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Toronto Blue Jays (1998–2009) | 1998–2001",
"text": "Prior to the home run, the sole base runner had reached on an infield error in the fifth inning, as Halladay struck out eight and walked none."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2013",
"text": "Though he was initially supposed to be making a rehab start in Double-A for the Reading Fightin' Phils that day, an 18-inning game the previous night caused the Phillies to have a shortage of pitchers and as such, Halladay returned to the major leagues on August 25 for a start against the Arizona Diamondbacks in which he threw six innings, allowing two runs on four hits with two walks and two strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Braden, who was born in Toronto, was invited to Baseball Canada's U18 spring training camp on March 6, 2018, and pitched a scoreless inning in the Canadian Junior team's exhibition game against the Blue Jays on March 17."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2013",
"text": "On May 5, Halladay gave up nine earned runs in just 21⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2010",
"text": "In Game Five, Hallady pulled his groind after the first inning but continued for six more innings to help his team stave off elimination."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2011",
"text": "But when the squirrel runs across home plate while your team is trying to pitch, there is nothing you can do about that."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On February 12, 2018, the Toronto Blue Jays announced they would retire Halladay's number 32 on Opening Day of the 2018 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Toronto Blue Jays (1998–2009) | 2002–2006",
"text": "In 133.0 innings, he went 8–8 with a 4.20 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Toronto Blue Jays (1998–2009) | 2002–2006",
"text": "Halladay continued his success in the 2003 season, posting a 22–7 record with a 3.25 ERA in 266 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In late 2017, the Phillies announced that use of uniform number 34 would be suspended for the 2018 season to honor Halladay."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On November 7, 2017, Halladay died when the ICON A5 Founders Edition amphibious aircraft he was piloting crashed into the Gulf of Mexico."
}
] |
Halladay passed from natural causes in 2018 in his home.
| 0 | 1 |
Roy Halladay
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s."
}
] |
EWYkeZH1wYyhXmhQtZ37
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, the American Film Institute named Peck among Greatest Male Stars of Classic Hollywood cinema, ranking him at No. 12."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Second commercial and critical peak (1960–1964)",
"text": "In 2003, Atticus Finch as portrayed by Gregory Peck was named the greatest film hero of the past 100 years by the American Film Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Gregory Peck has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6100 Hollywood Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Overseas and New York (1954–1957)",
"text": "That was not the case in the UK though, where a poll named him the third most popular non-British movie star."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eldred Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003) was an American actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Worldwide fame (1950–1953)",
"text": "The two-hit-movie punch elevated Peck to the status of Hollywood mega-star."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Rapid critical and commercial success (1944–1946)",
"text": "Frank Miller of Turner Classic Movies has written that the movie continued the rise of Peck into a Hollywood star and even \"a major sex symbol.\" Producer David O. Selznick noted that during preview tests of the movie, the women in the audiences had big reactions to the appearance of Peck's name on the screen and that during the first few scenes he appeared in they had to be shushed to quiet down."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1989, the American Film Institute gave Peck the AFI Life Achievement Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage career",
"text": "It has attracted Hollywood film stars on hiatus, both as performers and enthusiastic supporters, since its inception."
}
] |
Gregory Peck was one of the most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s, and in 1999, the American Film Institute named Peck among Greatest Male Stars of Classic Hollywood cinema, ranking him at No. 12.
| 0 | 0 |
Gregory Peck
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch."
}
] |
EXFYvgo63syevOi7c67m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "Peck's grandson was named \"Harper\" in her honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "Lee's father died before the film's release."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'\" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Loss of innocence",
"text": "Their family name Finch is also Lee's mother's maiden name."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Play",
"text": "To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes named Calpurnia's Cookbook not be published and sold out of the Monroe County Heritage Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Social commentary and challenges",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird has been a source of significant controversy since its being the subject of classroom study as early as 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Southern life and racial injustice",
"text": "In the years following its release, many reviewers considered To Kill a Mockingbird a novel primarily concerned with race relations."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Play",
"text": "The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel."
}
] |
The movie of the same name, adapted from the novel was released in 1963.
| 2 | 7 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | New departure",
"text": "In December 1877, at a reception for Michael Davitt on his release from prison, he met William Carrol who assured him of Clan na Gael's support in the struggle for Irish self-government."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | New departure",
"text": "This was followed by a telegram from John Devoy in October 1878 which offered Parnell a \"New Departure\" deal of separating militancy from the constitutional movement as a path to all-Ireland self-government, under certain conditions: abandonment of a federal solution in favour of separatist self-government, vigorous agitation in the land question on the basis of peasant proprietorship, exclusion of all sectarian issues, collective voting by party members and energetic resistance to coercive legislation."
}
] |
EXiwi9M4yJa7flghB0W4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | Pigott forgeries",
"text": "Yours very truly, Chas S. Parnell."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Counterfactual speculation",
"text": "Perhaps, had Parnell lived, the enactment of \"All-Ireland Home Rule\" with the consent of all of Ulster and its inclusion in an All-Ireland parliament, could have taken place."
},
{
"section_header": "Political downfall | Divorce crisis",
"text": "In England one strong base of Liberal Party support was Nonconformist Protestantism, such as the Methodists; the 'nonconformist conscience' rebelled against having an adulterer play a major role in the Liberal Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, the Irish Parliamentary Party split in 1890 after the revelation of Parnell's long adulterous love affair, causing many British Liberals (many of them nonconformists) to refuse to work with him, and strong opposition from Catholic bishops."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Kilmainham Treaty",
"text": "For the next 20 years, the IRB ceased to be an important force in Irish politics, leaving Parnell and his party the leaders of the nationalist movement in Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Land League leader",
"text": "None of us whether we be in America or in Ireland ... will be satisfied until we have destroyed the last link which keeps Ireland bound to England."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Party restructured",
"text": "Parnell left the day-to-day running of the INL in the hands of his lieutenants Timothy Harrington as Secretary, William O'Brien, editor of its newspaper United Ireland, and Tim Healy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The romantic vision that characterised Young Ireland and the Fenians escaped him completely."
},
{
"section_header": "Political downfall | Undaunted defiance",
"text": "He conducted a political tour of Ireland to re-establish popular support."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Parnell belonged to the Church of Ireland, disestablished in 1868 (its members mostly unionists) though in later years he began to drop away from formal church attendance; and he was connected with the aristocracy through the Powerscourts."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | New departure",
"text": "In December 1877, at a reception for Michael Davitt on his release from prison, he met William Carrol who assured him of Clan na Gael's support in the struggle for Irish self-government."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | New departure",
"text": "This was followed by a telegram from John Devoy in October 1878 which offered Parnell a \"New Departure\" deal of separating militancy from the constitutional movement as a path to all-Ireland self-government, under certain conditions: abandonment of a federal solution in favour of separatist self-government, vigorous agitation in the land question on the basis of peasant proprietorship, exclusion of all sectarian issues, collective voting by party members and energetic resistance to coercive legislation."
}
] |
Parnell was a very strong proponent of self-governance for all of Ireland.
| 2 | 4 |
Charles Stewart Parnell
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Poems and songs",
"text": "parody of David Bates' \"Speak Gently\" \"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat\"—a parody of Jane Taylor's \"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\" \" The Lobster Quadrille\"—a parody of Mary Botham Howitt's \"The Spider and the Fly\" \"'Tis the Voice of the Lobster\"—a parody of Isaac Watts' \"The Sluggard\" \"Beautiful Soup\"—a parody of James M. Sayles's \"Star of the Evening, Beautiful Star\" \"The Queen of Hearts\"—an actual nursery rhyme"
},
{
"section_header": "Poems and songs",
"text": "\"How Doth the Little Crocodile\"—a parody of Isaac Watts' nursery rhyme, \"Against Idleness and Mischief\" \"The Mouse's Tale\"—an example of concrete poetry \"You Are Old, Father William\"—a parody of Robert Southey's \"The Old Man's Comforts and"
}
] |
EYHszfWn1beV8FovRdy8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Poems and songs",
"text": "The main characters in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland are the following: Carroll wrote multiple poems and songs for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, including: \"All in the golden afternoon... \"—the prefatory verse to the book, an original poem by Carroll that recalls the rowing expedition on which he first told the story of Alice's adventures underground"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 novel by English author Lewis Carroll (the pseudonym of Charles Dodgson)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Character allusions",
"text": "\" This is a parody of a song called \"Star of the Evening, Beautiful Star\", which was performed as a trio by Lorina, Alice and Edith Liddell for Lewis Carroll in the Liddell home during the same summer in which he first told the story of Alice's Adventures Under Ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "On 26 November 1865, Dodgson's tale was published by Macmillan of London as Alice's Adventures in Wonderland under the pseudonym \"Lewis Carroll\" with illustrations by John Tenniel."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "1915 : A dramatic screenplay script rendering of Alice in Wonderland by Alice Gerstenberg is published as Alice in Wonderland; a dramatization of Lewis Carrolls 'Alices adventures in Wonderland' and 'Through the looking glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems and songs",
"text": "parody of David Bates' \"Speak Gently\" \"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat\"—a parody of Jane Taylor's \"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\" \" The Lobster Quadrille\"—a parody of Mary Botham Howitt's \"The Spider and the Fly\" \"'Tis the Voice of the Lobster\"—a parody of Isaac Watts' \"The Sluggard\" \"Beautiful Soup\"—a parody of James M. Sayles's \"Star of the Evening, Beautiful Star\" \"The Queen of Hearts\"—an actual nursery rhyme"
},
{
"section_header": "Background | \"All in the golden afternoon...\"",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was published in 1865, three years after Lewis Carroll and the Reverend Robinson Duckworth, on 4 July, rowed up the Isis river in a boat with three young girls—a day known as the \"golden afternoon,\" prefaced in the novel as a poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems and songs",
"text": "\"How Doth the Little Crocodile\"—a parody of Isaac Watts' nursery rhyme, \"Against Idleness and Mischief\" \"The Mouse's Tale\"—an example of concrete poetry \"You Are Old, Father William\"—a parody of Robert Southey's \"The Old Man's Comforts and"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "1886 : Carroll publishes a facsimile of the earlier Alice's Adventures Under Ground manuscript."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence",
"text": "In 2015, Robert Douglas-Fairhurst in The Guardian wrote, “Since the first publication of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 150 years ago, Lewis Carroll’s work has spawned a whole industry, from films and theme park rides to products such as a 'cute and sassy' Alice costume ('petticoat and stockings not included')."
}
] |
Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, wrote a large number of parody songs.
| 0 | 0 |
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is renowned for her powerful, technically skilled vocals, and remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of 200 million copies worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into a large family from Charlemagne, Quebec, she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s."
}
] |
EYw3cPedTc32MzPEefOW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1996–1999: Falling into You, Let's Talk About Love and S'il suffisait d'aimer",
"text": "Falling into You became Dion's most critically and commercially successful album: it topped the charts in many countries and became one of the best-selling albums of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1993–1995: The Colour of My Love and D'eux",
"text": "It became her most successful record up to that point, selling more than six million copies in the US, two million in Canada, and peaking at No. 1 in many countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Country singer Martina McBride is widely heralded by the press as the Celine Dion of Country music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2010: D'elles, Taking Chances and Taking Chances Tour",
"text": "In May 2009, Dion was named the 20th best-selling artist of the decade and the second-best-selling female artist of the decade in the United States, selling an estimated 17.57 million copies of her albums there since 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Celine, Sans attendre and Loved Me Back to Life",
"text": "She began recording songs for her next English and French albums during April and May 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1990–1992: Unison, Dion chante Plamondon and Celine Dion",
"text": "Two years after she learned English, Dion made her debut into the Anglophone market with Unison (1990), the lead single having originally been recorded by Laura Branigan."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1990–1992: Unison, Dion chante Plamondon and Celine Dion",
"text": "In Quebec, the album was certified Gold the day it was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Local tabloids even dubbed her \"Canine Dion\" in the teenage years of her career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is renowned for her powerful, technically skilled vocals, and remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of 200 million copies worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Over subsequent years, Angélil guided her to stardom in francophone territories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into a large family from Charlemagne, Quebec, she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s."
}
] |
Celine Dion began her teenage stardom in French-speaking Quebec and became the leading selling artist in her country.
| 0 | 0 |
Celine Dion
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (French: [ʃaʁl kamij sɛ̃ sɑ̃(s)]; 9 October 1835 – 16 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era."
}
] |
EZ4eKzTfsfFdczwqakJ8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honours and reputation",
"text": "Since the composer's death writers sympathetic to his music have expressed regret that he is known by the musical public for only a handful of his scores such as The Carnival of the Animals, the Second Piano Concerto, the Third Violin Concerto, the Organ Symphony, Samson et Dalila, Danse macabre and the Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Operas",
"text": "Although most of Saint-Saëns's operas have remained neglected, Crichton rates them as important in the history of French opera, as \"a bridge between Meyerbeer and the serious French operas of the early 1890s\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1880s: International figure",
"text": "Having long pressed the merits of Wagner on a sometimes sceptical French public, Saint-Saëns was now becoming worried that the German's music was having an excessive impact on young French composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (French: [ʃaʁl kamij sɛ̃ sɑ̃(s)]; 9 October 1835 – 16 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1870s: War, marriage and operatic success",
"text": "For a French composer of the 19th century, opera was seen as the most important type of music."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Concertante works",
"text": "Saint-Saëns was the first major French composer to write piano concertos."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1870s: War, marriage and operatic success",
"text": "In 1870, concerned at the dominance of German music and the lack of opportunity for young French composers to have their works played, Saint-Saëns and Romain Bussine, professor of singing at the Conservatoire, discussed the founding of a society to promote new French music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a scholar of musical history, and remained committed to the structures worked out by earlier French composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1880s: International figure",
"text": "They had begun to dominate the organisation and sought to abandon its \"Ars Gallica\" ethos of commitment to French works."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Other vocal music",
"text": "He regarded his songs as thoroughly and typically French, denying any influence from Schubert or other German composers of Lieder."
}
] |
Saint-Saens was a French writer of novels.
| 0 | 0 |
Camille Saint-Saëns
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Cremona 1567–1591",
"text": "Claudio's brother Giulio Cesare Monteverdi (b. 1573) was also to become a musician; there were two other brothers and two sisters from Baldassare's marriage to Maddalena and his subsequent marriage in 1576 or 1577."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Cremona 1567–1591",
"text": "The register records his name as \"Claudio Zuan Antonio\" the son of \"Messer Baldasar Mondeverdo\"."
}
] |
EZCuxOZM1k0jb8yEcijM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical perspective",
"text": "After the 1650s, Monteverdi's name quickly disappears from contemporary accounts, his music generally forgotten except for the Lamento, the prototype of a genre that would endure well into the 18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Opera and sacred music, 1607–1612 | L'Orfeo",
"text": "Monteverdi's vocal embellishments and virtuoso accompaniment provide what Tim Carter has described as \"one of the most compelling visual and aural representations\" in early opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Madrigals 1614–1638: books 6, 7 and 8 | Eighth book",
"text": "amorosi ... (\"Madrigals of war and love\") is structured in two symmetrical halves, one for \"war\" and one for \"love\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Cremona 1567–1591",
"text": "The register records his name as \"Claudio Zuan Antonio\" the son of \"Messer Baldasar Mondeverdo\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Venice 1613–1643 | Maturity: 1613–1630",
"text": "Monteverdi acted on behalf of Paolo Giordano II, Duke of Bracciano, to arrange publication of works by the Cremona musician Francesco Petratti."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Mantua 1591–1613 | Artusi controversy and seconda pratica",
"text": "The influential Bolognese theorist Giovanni Maria Artusi attacked Monteverdi's music (without naming the composer) in his work L'Artusi, overo Delle imperfettioni della moderna musica (Artusi, or On the imperfections of modern music) of 1600, followed by a sequel in 1603."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Cremona 1567–1591",
"text": "His next works (his first published secular compositions) were sets of five-part madrigals, according to his biographer Paolo Fabbri: \"the inevitable proving ground for any composer of the second half of the sixteenth century ... the secular genre par excellence\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Other Venetian music, 1614–1638",
"text": "For unknown reasons, the composer's name does not appear on the inscription, the dedication being signed by the Venetian printer Bartolemeo Magni; Carter surmises that the recently ordained Monteverdi may have wished to keep his distance from this secular collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Venice 1613–1643 | Maturity: 1613–1630",
"text": "He was on one occasion – probably because of his wide network of contacts – the subject of an anonymous denunciation to the Venetian authorities alleging that he supported the Habsburgs."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical perspective",
"text": "Largely through the efforts of Vincent d'Indy, all three operas were staged in one form or another, during the first quarter of the 20th century: L'Orfeo in May 1911,"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Cremona 1567–1591",
"text": "Claudio's brother Giulio Cesare Monteverdi (b. 1573) was also to become a musician; there were two other brothers and two sisters from Baldassare's marriage to Maddalena and his subsequent marriage in 1576 or 1577."
}
] |
One of Monteverdi's baptismal names was Paolo.
| 0 | 0 |
Claudio Monteverdi
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to skepticism of her research and its implications, she stopped publishing her data in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McClintock's research became well understood in the 1960s and 1970s, as other scientists confirmed the mechanisms of genetic change and protein expression that she had demonstrated in her maize research in the 1940s and 1950s."
}
] |
EZFrCSMFSUtFCTiN7CJ6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "An anthology of her 43 publications The Discovery and Characterization of Transposable Elements: The Collected Papers of Barbara McClintock was published in 1987.The McClintock Prize is named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "McClintock, B. (1950). \"The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Discovery of controlling elements",
"text": "She published a paper in Genetics in 1953, where she presented all her statistical data, and undertook lecture tours to universities throughout the 1950s to speak about her work."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "McClintock's breakthrough publications, and support from her colleagues, led to her being awarded several postdoctoral fellowships from the National Research Council."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She is held up as a role model for girls in such works of children's literature as Edith Hope Fine's Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize Geneticist, Deborah Heiligman's Barbara McClintock: Alone in Her Field and Mary Kittredge's Barbara McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Discovery of controlling elements",
"text": "In 1950, she reported her work on Ac/Ds and her ideas about gene regulation in a paper entitled \"The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize\" published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was recognized as among the best in the field, awarded prestigious fellowships, and elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | The origins of maize",
"text": "After extensive work in the 1960s and 1970s, McClintock and her collaborators published the seminal study"
},
{
"section_header": "University of Missouri",
"text": "This breakage–rejoining–bridge cycle was a key cytogenetic discovery for several reasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the 1940s and 1950s, McClintock discovered transposition and used it to demonstrate that genes are responsible for turning physical characteristics on and off."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to skepticism of her research and its implications, she stopped publishing her data in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McClintock's research became well understood in the 1960s and 1970s, as other scientists confirmed the mechanisms of genetic change and protein expression that she had demonstrated in her maize research in the 1940s and 1950s."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock published articles in several prestigious academic publications in the 1950s.
| 0 | 0 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Smith's poem was published in The Examiner three weeks after Shelley's, on February 1, 1818."
}
] |
EZUbbW01QR8txVFon8vD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Shelley's poem",
"text": "Ozymandias\" in his 1819 collection Rosalind and Helen, A Modern Eclogue; with Other Poems by Charles and James Ollier and in the 1826 Miscellaneous and Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley by William Benbow, both in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Smith's poem",
"text": "Smith's poem was published, along with a note signed with the initials H.S., on 1 February 1818."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretation | Hubris",
"text": "Although the poems were written and published before the statue arrived in Britain, they may have been inspired by the impending arrival in London in 1821 of a colossal statue of Ramesses II, acquired for the British Museum by the Italian adventurer Giovanni Battista Belzoni in 1816."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Smith's poem was published in The Examiner three weeks after Shelley's, on February 1, 1818."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first was written by the English Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) and was published in the 11 January 1818 issue of The Examiner of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Publication history",
"text": "The banker and political writer Horace Smith spent the Christmas season of 1817–1818 with Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Shelley."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Shelley's poem",
"text": "Shelley's poem was published on 11 January 1818 under the pen name Glirastes."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Smith's poem",
"text": "It was originally published under the same title as Shelley's verse; but in later collections Smith retitled it \"On A Stupendous Leg of Granite, Discovered Standing by Itself in the Deserts of Egypt, with the Inscription Inserted Below\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem was included the following year in Shelley's collection Rosalind and Helen, A Modern Eclogue; with Other Poems, and in a posthumous compilation of his poems published in 1826."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Shelley's poem",
"text": "Shelley's poem was later republished under the title \"Sonnet."
}
] |
Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem Ozymandias was published before before Smith's.
| 0 | 0 |
Ozymandias
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."
}
] |
Ea2MuofxOMkeKVvsML4L
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Facsimile editions",
"text": "William Blake, Songs of Innocence and of Experience edited with an introduction and notes by Andrew Lincoln, and select plates from other copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Facsimile editions",
"text": "Tate Publishing, in collaboration with The William Blake Trust, produced a folio edition containing all of the songs of Innocence and Experience in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "David Axelrod produced two solo albums, Song of Innocence (1968) and Songs of Experience (1969) which were homages to the mystical poetry and paintings of William Blake."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Innocence",
"text": "Songs of Innocence was originally a complete work first printed in 1789."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "In 1969, he conceived, arranged, directed, sang on, and played piano and harmonium for an album of songs entitled Songs of Innocence and Experience by William Blake, tuned by Allen Ginsberg (1970).American composer and producer"
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "The composer William Bolcom completed a setting of the entire collection of poems in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Facsimile editions",
"text": "2. William Blake Trust / Princeton University Press, 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "Popular group Tangerine Dream based their album Tyger on lyrics by William Blake."
}
] |
Songs of Innocence was authored by William Blane.
| 0 | 0 |
Songs of Experience
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They hope to one day attain the dream of settling down on their own piece of land."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In spite of problems, their dream leaps towards reality when Candy offers to pitch in $350 with George and Lennie so that they can buy a farm at the end of the month, in return for permission to live with them."
}
] |
EaAIfi4fshulyk8ZZOUq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of Mice and Men is a novella written by John Steinbeck."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "An early draft of Of Mice and Men was eaten by Steinbeck's dog, named Max."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Of Mice and Men was Steinbeck's first attempt at writing in the form of novel-play termed a \"play-novelette\" by one critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Sinise also played George in the film, and the role of Lennie was played by John Malkovich."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "George hurries to find Lennie, hoping he will be at the meeting place they designated in case he got into trouble."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After being hired at a farm, the pair are confronted by Curley— the Boss's small, aggressive son with a Napoleon complex who dislikes larger men."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Of Mice and Men has been challenged (proposed for censorship) 54 times since it was published in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Fearing that his age is making him useless, he seizes on George's description of the farm he and Lennie will have, offering his life's savings if he can join George and Lennie in owning the land."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Curley's wife is lonely because her husband is not the friend she hoped for—she deals with her loneliness by flirting with the men on the ranch, which causes Curley to increase his abusiveness and jealousy."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Burns's poem tells of the regret the narrator feels for having destroyed the home of a mouse while plowing his field."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They hope to one day attain the dream of settling down on their own piece of land."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In spite of problems, their dream leaps towards reality when Candy offers to pitch in $350 with George and Lennie so that they can buy a farm at the end of the month, in return for permission to live with them."
}
] |
In John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, Lennie and George hope to have a small farm someday.
| 0 | 0 |
Of Mice and Men
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Only a few substances are ferromagnetic."
}
] |
EaMTOSkYt3CktQa2iWhd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Explanation | Curie temperature",
"text": "The study of ferromagnetic phase transitions, especially via the simplified Ising spin model, had an important impact on the development of statistical physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanation | Origin of magnetism",
"text": "One of the fundamental properties of an electron (besides that it carries charge) is that it has a magnetic dipole moment"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In physics, several different types of magnetism are distinguished."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanation | Origin of magnetism",
"text": "This dipole moment comes from the more fundamental property of the electron that it has quantum mechanical spin."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanation | Exchange interaction",
"text": "For instance, in iron (Fe) the exchange force is about 1000 times stronger than the dipole interaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanation",
"text": "The Bohr–van Leeuwen theorem, discovered in the 1910s, showed that classical physics theories are unable to account for any form of magnetism, including ferromagnetism."
},
{
"section_header": "History and distinction from ferrimagnetism",
"text": "One is ferromagnetism in the strict sense, where all the magnetic moments are aligned."
},
{
"section_header": "Ferromagnetic materials | Lithium gas",
"text": "In 2009, a team of MIT physicists demonstrated that a lithium gas cooled to less than one kelvin can exhibit ferromagnetism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Substances respond weakly to magnetic fields with three other types of magnetism—paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism—but the forces are usually so weak that they can be detected only by sensitive instruments in a laboratory."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanation | Magnetic domains",
"text": "Ferromagnetic materials spontaneously divide into magnetic domains because the exchange interaction is a short-range force, so over long distances of many atoms the tendency of the magnetic dipoles to reduce their energy by orienting in opposite directions wins out."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Only a few substances are ferromagnetic."
}
] |
Ferromagnetism is one four fundamental forces of Physics.
| 2 | 6 |
Ferromagnetism
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting and filming",
"text": "The character of Mildred was written with Frances McDormand in mind, and likewise the character of Dixon was written specifically for Sam Rockwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 black comedy drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a Missouri woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder."
}
] |
EacttcYv1uWLzHi6IgNx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting and filming",
"text": "McDormand initially felt that she was older than the character as it was written, and suggested that Mildred instead be Angela's grandmother; McDonagh disagreed, feeling that it would change the story too much."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting and filming",
"text": "The character of Mildred was written with Frances McDormand in mind, and likewise the character of Dixon was written specifically for Sam Rockwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 black comedy drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a Missouri woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The musical score was written by Carter Burwell, who had also supplied the score for McDonagh's films In Bruges and Seven Psychopaths."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Both McDormand and McDonagh have responded positively to the protests, with McDonagh saying \"You couldn't ask for anything more than for an angry film to be adopted by protests,\" and McDormand saying she is \"thrilled that activists all over the world have been inspired by the set decoration of the three billboards in Martin's film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "McDonagh discussed the creative process, saying that it took him about ten years to \"[decide] that it was a mother who had taken these things out."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McDonagh won a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for his original screenplay, and the film won the Golden Globe Award and BAFTA Award for Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "At the 90th Academy Awards it received seven nominations, including Best Picture, Best Actress for Frances McDormand, Best Original Screenplay for Martin McDonagh and"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The billboards highlighted the incompetence of police work and deeply affected McDonagh; he said that the image \"stayed in my mind [...] kept gnawing at me\" and presumed that they were put up by the victim's mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "While traveling through the Southern United States in around 1998, Martin McDonagh came across a couple of accusatory billboards about an unsolved crime, which he described as \"raging and painful and tragic\" alleging the murder of a woman named Kathy Page by her husband Steve Page in Vidor, Texas."
}
] |
It was not written by McDonagh.
| 0 | 6 |
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, on March 25, 1911, was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history."
},
{
"section_header": "Fire",
"text": "Life nets held by the firemen were torn by the impact of the falling bodies."
}
] |
EavgOgy4XO9vj67Vx8jo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Fire",
"text": "Beneath the table in the wooden bin were hundreds of pounds of scraps left over from the several thousand shirtwaists that had been cut at that table."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Author Eric Powell specifically cites the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire as an inspiration for the story."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Naomi Wallace's 1996 play Slaughter City includes a character, the Textile Worker, that was killed in the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, and the play itself was inspired by several labor events throughout the 20th century, including the fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition | Permanent memorial",
"text": "The Coalition has launched an effort to create a permanent public art memorial for the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire at the site of the 1911 fire in lower Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Fire",
"text": "Word had spread through the East Side, by some magic of terror, that the plant of the Triangle Waist Company was on fire and that several hundred workers were trapped."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Sholem Asch's 1946 novel East River (ISBN 978-1432619992) tells the story of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire through the eyes of Irish girl who was working at the factory at a time of the fire."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Esther Friesner's Threads and Flames (ISBN 978-0670012459) deals with a young girl, named Raisa, who works at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory at the time of the fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Consequences and legacy",
"text": "The New York State Legislature then created the Factory Investigating Commission to \"investigate factory conditions in this and other cities and to report remedial measures of legislation to prevent hazard or loss of life among employees through fire, unsanitary conditions, and occupational diseases."
},
{
"section_header": "Fire",
"text": "Life nets held by the firemen were torn by the impact of the falling bodies."
},
{
"section_header": "Consequences and legacy",
"text": "On September 16, 2019, U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren delivered a speech in Washington Square Park supporting her presidential campaign, a few blocks from the location of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, on March 25, 1911, was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history."
}
] |
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire was remarkable in that nobody's life was ended despite several failures of lifesaving equipment.
| 0 | 0 |
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rikers Island () is a 413.17-acre (167.20-hectare) island in the East River between Queens and the Bronx that is home to New York City's main jail complex."
}
] |
Eb0Oh4MfZWL2Ig0BnaeM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Historic use",
"text": "At the time, the island was within the boundaries of Long Island City, which was located in Queens County, which was not yet part of New York City, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners",
"text": "Rikers Island has become notorious in recent years for a \"culture of abuse\" and has been subject to a number of investigations and rulings."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Solitary confinement",
"text": "On August 28, 2014, a law was passed boosting oversight of the use of solitary confinement at Rikers Island, following intense public outcry after various abuses at the prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex and facilities",
"text": "Rikers Island is therefore not a prison by US terminology, which typically holds offenders serving longer-term sentences."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conversion to jail",
"text": "VCBC is located at 1 Halleck St, Bronx, NY 10474, at the end of Hunts Point, near the recently relocated Fulton Fish Market."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Solitary confinement",
"text": "The average length of time young people spent in solitary confinement at Rikers Island was 43 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Violence on Rikers Island has been increasing in recent years."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex and facilities",
"text": "Rikers Island has been referred to as the world's largest penal colony."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Solitary confinement | Kalief Browder",
"text": "Browder was profiled in The New Yorker in October 2014 for being held for three years on Rikers Island without a trial."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Notable events",
"text": "A drawing by artist Salvador Dalí, done as an apology because he was unable to attend a talk about art for the prisoners at Rikers Island, hung in the inmate dining room in J.A.T.C. A drawing by artist Salvador Dalí, done as an apology because he was unable to attend a talk about art for the prisoners at Rikers Island, hung in the inmate dining room in J.A.T.C. (HDM) from 1965 to 1981, when it was moved to the prison lobby in E.M.T.C. (C76) for safekeeping."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rikers Island () is a 413.17-acre (167.20-hectare) island in the East River between Queens and the Bronx that is home to New York City's main jail complex."
}
] |
Rikers Island prison is located in Georgia.
| 0 | 2 |
Rikers Island prison
|
Music
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Selena Marie Gomez was born in Grand Prairie, Texas, on July 22, 1992, to Ricardo Joel Gomez and Texas-born former stage actress"
}
] |
EcB5n1kgsOsZrEO1q5fW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "Gomez dated Nick Jonas in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Selena Marie Gomez was born in Grand Prairie, Texas, on July 22, 1992, to Ricardo Joel Gomez and Texas-born former stage actress"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2012: Breakthrough with Disney and Selena Gomez & the Scene",
"text": "So Random! So Random! and PrankStars. Selena Gomez & the Scene released their third and final studio album that same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Selena Marie Gomez (born July 22, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and television producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2015–2016: Revival and personal struggles",
"text": "This remains Gomez's highest first week sales to date. \" Same Old Love\" was released as the album's second single, and went on to top the Mainstream Top 40 chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "2010.When Gomez was born, her mother was sixteen years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other charity work",
"text": "Gomez attended the WE Day California event in Los Angeles in 2018 and 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | UNICEF",
"text": "In October 2008, Gomez participated in St. Jude's Children's Hospital \"Runway For Life\" benefit."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2012: Breakthrough with Disney and Selena Gomez & the Scene",
"text": "For the film, Gomez and Lovato recorded the song \"One and the Same\", which was later released as a promotional single."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2012: Breakthrough with Disney and Selena Gomez & the Scene",
"text": "Selena Gomez & the Scene released their second studio album A Year Without Rain that same year, which debuted on the US Billboard 200 at number 4 with sales of a little over 66,000."
}
] |
Selena Gomez's ex-boyfriend Nick were born in the same hospital in California.
| 2 | 8 |
Selena Gomez
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "began in April 1958.To ensure the execution sequence was depicted as accurately as possible"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Wise attended a public execution at San Quentin Prison."
}
] |
EcMMcdJSMn3Z9hSlSnPZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The day before her execution, a demoralized Barbara is transferred to San Quentin Prison, where she meets with a priest."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "If I hadn't thought they should make [the film], I wouldn't have played the part.\" Principal photography of I Want to Live!"
},
{
"section_header": "Accuracy",
"text": "According to historian Kathleen Cairns, I Want to Live! \" implied that Graham's guilt or innocence was largely irrelevant, that the real crime was committed by a justice system that framed her and a media that abetted the effort... In reality, the film took liberty with many facts of the case."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Wise attended a public execution at San Quentin Prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "Upon release, I Want to Live!"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Released in late 1958, I Want to Live!"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "I Want to Live! was remade for television in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Gidding's redrafting also omitted the murder scene of Mable Monohan, as well as Graham's months spent at San Quentin Prison during her appeals."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "MGM Home Entertainment released I Want to Live!"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Before entering the gas chamber, Barbara demands a mask, as she does not want to see the faces of the journalists there."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "began in April 1958.To ensure the execution sequence was depicted as accurately as possible"
}
] |
For accuracy of a death scene in I Want to Live!, the director witnessed a prisoner being executed before filming.
| 0 | 0 |
I Want to Live!
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "1785 attempt",
"text": "The original version was read to Congress on March 1, 1784, and it contained a clause stating: That after the year 1800 of the Christian Era, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in any of the said states, otherwise than in punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted to have been personally guilty."
}
] |
EdCYhwv2QoMWA4qQN3Ab
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Civil War-era legal status of fugitive slaves",
"text": "With the beginning of the Civil War, the legal status of the slave was changed by his masters being in arms."
},
{
"section_header": "1850 Fugitive Slave Act",
"text": "The personal liberty laws forbade justices and judges to take cognizance of claims, extended habeas corpus and the privilege of jury trial to fugitives, and punished false testimony severely."
},
{
"section_header": "1785 attempt",
"text": "The original version was read to Congress on March 1, 1784, and it contained a clause stating: That after the year 1800 of the Christian Era, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in any of the said states, otherwise than in punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted to have been personally guilty."
},
{
"section_header": "Northwest Ordinance of 1787",
"text": "6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes"
},
{
"section_header": "1850 Fugitive Slave Act",
"text": "Special commissioners were to have concurrent jurisdiction with the U.S. circuit and district courts and the inferior courts of territories in enforcing the law; fugitives could not testify in their own behalf; no trial by jury was provided."
},
{
"section_header": "Fugitive Slave Act of 1793",
"text": "The 1793 Fugitive Slave Act was the mechanism by which the government did that, and it was only at this point the government could pursue runaway slaves in any state or territory, and ensure slave owners of their property rights."
},
{
"section_header": "1850 Fugitive Slave Act",
"text": "These state laws were one of the grievances that South Carolina would later use to justify its secession from the Union."
},
{
"section_header": "1850 Fugitive Slave Act",
"text": "In 1854, the Supreme Court of Wisconsin went so far as to declare the Fugitive Slave Act unconstitutional."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of enslaved people who escaped from one state into another state or territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Fugitive Slave Act of 1793",
"text": "3. ... That when a person held to labor in any of the United States, or of the Territories on the Northwest or South of the river Ohio ... shall escape into any other part of the said States or Territory, the person to whom such labor or service may be due ... is hereby empowered to seize or arrest such fugitive from labor ... and upon proof ... before any Judge ... it shall be the duty of such Judge ... [to remove]"
}
] |
At one point, slavery was to be defined as something that could only be inflicted to punish someone guilty of criminal acts who had been judged so in a court of law.
| 0 | 1 |
Fugitive slave laws
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The First Opium War, fought in 1839-1842 between the Qing and Great Britain, was triggered by the dynasty's campaign against the opium trade; the Second Opium War was fought between the Qing and Britain and France, 1856-1860."
}
] |
EdE0VvsrLsetulCyLQ9Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The First Opium War began in 1839 and was fought over trade, financial reparations, and diplomatic status."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "However, the first hostilities had occurred some months earlier with a skirmish between British and Chinese vessels in the Kowloon Estuary on 4 September 1839."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "Some Americans entered the trade by smuggling opium from Turkey into China."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In earlier times, opium was ingested for medicinal purposes, and relatively harmless, but the new practice of smoking opium made its use recreational, and even if not always addictive, increased demand tremendously."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "By 1833, the number of chests of opium trafficked into China soared to 30,000."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the East India Company sent the opium to their warehouses in the free-trade region of Canton (Guangzhou), from where Chinese smugglers would take the opium farther into China."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "It sold this Indian opium to private traders who transported it to China and sold it to Chinese smugglers."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In the ensuing conflict, the Royal Navy used its naval and gunnery power to inflict a series of decisive defeats on the Chinese Empire,The war was concluded by the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) in 1842, the first of the treaties between China and Western powers."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "20,000 chests (1,300 metric tons) of opium were handed over to Lin and destroyed at Humen."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In the late 18th century, the British East India Company, expanded cultivation of opium in its territories in Bengal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The First Opium War, fought in 1839-1842 between the Qing and Great Britain, was triggered by the dynasty's campaign against the opium trade; the Second Opium War was fought between the Qing and Britain and France, 1856-1860."
}
] |
The First Opium War involved the U.K.
| 0 | 0 |
Opium Wars
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A first baseman, Chance played in Major League Baseball for the Chicago Cubs (initially named the \"Orphans\") and New York Yankees from 1898 through 1914."
}
] |
EdSBt3AMeINDNp4t4F6p
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1903, Chance became the Cubs' regular first baseman, and in 1905, he succeeded Frank Selee as the team's manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "As Bill Hanlon, the Cubs' first baseman, left the team, manager Frank Selee moved Chance to first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "He played irregularly through the 1902 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Due in part to finger injuries suffered while catching, Chance played in no more than 75 games in a season through 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Joe DiMaggio played in the first-ever game at Frank Chance Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "created the Frank L. Chance Research Fellowship Foundation in his memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A first baseman, Chance played in Major League Baseball for the Chicago Cubs (initially named the \"Orphans\") and New York Yankees from 1898 through 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frank Leroy Chance (September 9, 1877 – September 15, 1924) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Returning to college the next year, Chance led his team to a third-place finish in an amateur tournament of 50 teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Chance batted .293 during the 1907 season, finishing sixth in the NL, while his .395 on-base percentage was third-best."
}
] |
Frank Chance was the third baseman for the Milwaukee Brewers in 1902.
| 0 | 0 |
Frank Chance
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her career spanned more than seven decades."
}
] |
EeMRj5HOXcyQ4eYxWA6h
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Later life",
"text": "Wyman was a recluse and made only a few public appearances in her last years in part due to suffering from diabetes and arthritis."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "For many years, Wyman's birthdate was widely reported to be January 4, 1914, but research by biographers and genealogists indicated that she was actually born three years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | \"B\" pictures",
"text": "Playing with Dynamite (1939), but it was the last in the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her career spanned more than seven decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wyman's professional career began at age 16 in 1933, when she signed with Warner Bros. Wyman followed common practice at the time when she added three years to her age."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Semi-retirement | Falcon Crest",
"text": "In the spring of 1981 (a few months after her ex-husband became the president), Wyman's career enjoyed a resurgence when she was cast as the scheming Californian vintner and matriarch Angela Channing in The Vintage Years, which was retooled as the primetime soap opera Falcon Crest."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Johnny Belinda and \"A\" film stardom",
"text": "Wyman expressed interest around this time of doing no more \"weepy\" roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Dramatic star",
"text": "Wyman remained a supporting actor in One More Tomorrow (1946), and Night and Day (1946)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages | Ernest Wyman",
"text": "The couple would divorce after two years."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After Wyman's death, a release posted on her official website confirmed these details."
}
] |
Wyman's career lasted more than 70 years.
| 0 | 0 |
Jane Wyman
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twelve Years a Slave is an 1853 memoir and slave narrative by American Solomon Northup as told to and edited by David Wilson."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and historical value",
"text": "While Twelve Years a Slave is the best-known example of someone who was kidnapped and later freed – albeit through extraordinary efforts – historians have begun to research and present other cases."
}
] |
EeO1I9hhV7MOYdEhfXma
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Editions and adaptations | Audiobook",
"text": "Twelve Years a Slave public domain audiobook at LibriVox Twelve Years"
},
{
"section_header": "Editions and adaptations | Text",
"text": "The book was expanded and re-issued by Praeger in August 2013 as Solomon Northup: The Complete Story of the Author of Twelve Years a Slave, ISBN 978-1440829741, with co-authors Fiske, Clifford W. Brown, and Rachel Seligman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twelve Years a Slave is an 1853 memoir and slave narrative by American Solomon Northup as told to and edited by David Wilson."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions and adaptations | Text",
"text": "The book's Appendix C provides the publishing history for Twelve Years a Slave during the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and historical value",
"text": "While Twelve Years a Slave is the best-known example of someone who was kidnapped and later freed – albeit through extraordinary efforts – historians have begun to research and present other cases."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Northup subsequently had several other owners, less humane than Ford, during his twelve-year bondage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the early 1960s, they researched and retraced Solomon Northup's journey and co-edited a historically annotated version that was published by Louisiana State University Press (1968).The memoir has been adapted as two film versions, produced as the 1984 PBS television film Solomon Northup's Odyssey and the Oscar-winning 2013 film 12 Years a Slave."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and historical value",
"text": "Stowe's book was published a year before Northup's memoir but by the time she published her rebuttal to critics about accuracy in her A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, she referred to his story, which had been publicized in newspaper accounts."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and historical value",
"text": "While there were hundreds of such kidnappings, he was among the few persons who gained freedom again."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and historical value | Reissue",
"text": "Together Logsdon and Eakin studied Northup's account, documenting it through the slave sales records of Washington, D.C. and New Orleans, by retracing his journey and bondage in Bayou Boeuf plantation country in central Louisiana and through its records, and documenting his New York State origins."
}
] |
Twelve Years a Slave tells the story of a slave's journey to freedom.
| 0 | 2 |
12 Years a Slave
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Queen of Hearts then orders the Cat to be beheaded, only to have her executioner complain that this is impossible since the head is all that can be seen of him."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Mock Turtle sings them \"Beautiful Soup\" during which the Gryphon drags Alice away for an impending trial."
}
] |
Eewx0llgAQpwJJZ8mhXy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Queen of Hearts dismisses her on the threat of execution and she introduces Alice to the Gryphon, who takes her to the Mock Turtle."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Mock Turtle is very sad, even though he has no sorrow."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Mock Turtle sings them \"Beautiful Soup\" during which the Gryphon drags Alice away for an impending trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Queen of Hearts then orders the Cat to be beheaded, only to have her executioner complain that this is impossible since the head is all that can be seen of him."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Chapter Ten – Lobster Quadrille: The Mock Turtle and the Gryphon dance to the Lobster Quadrille, while Alice recites (rather incorrectly) \"'"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Character allusions",
"text": "The Mock Turtle speaks of a drawling-master, \"an old conger eel,\" who came once a week to teach \"Drawling, Stretching, and Fainting in Coils."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems and songs",
"text": "The main characters in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland are the following: Carroll wrote multiple poems and songs for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, including: \"All in the golden afternoon... \"—the prefatory verse to the book, an original poem by Carroll that recalls the rowing expedition on which he first told the story of Alice's adventures underground"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has been translated into at least 97 languages, or as many as 174 languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Cinema and television",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1910), a silent film directed by Edwin Stanton Porter"
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Manuscript: Alice's Adventures Under Ground",
"text": "On 26 November 1864, Dodgson gave Alice the handwritten manuscript of Alice's Adventures Under Ground, with illustrations by Dodgson himself, dedicating it as \"A Christmas Gift to a Dear Child in Memory of a Summer's Day\"."
}
] |
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland features the Queen of Hearts and the Mock Turtle.
| 0 | 0 |
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Ancestry",
"text": "Other sources, such as the Puranas and the Mahavamsa state that his father was the Mauryan emperor Bindusara, and his grandfather was Chandragupta – the founder of the Empire."
}
] |
EfIEuJ4KHxeY1QBtRxFT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The grandson of the founder of the Maurya Dynasty, Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka promoted the spread of Buddhism across ancient Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Names and titles",
"text": "The title was adopted by other kings, including the contemporary king Devanampiya Tissa of Anuradhapura and Ashoka's descendant Dasharatha Maurya."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Ancestry",
"text": "Other sources, such as the Puranas and the Mahavamsa state that his father was the Mauryan emperor Bindusara, and his grandfather was Chandragupta – the founder of the Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English: ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources of information",
"text": "The 12th-century text Rajatarangini mentions a Kashmiri king Ashoka of Gonandiya dynasty who built several stupas: some scholars, such as Aurel Stein, have identified this king with the Maurya king Ashoka; others, such as Ananda W. P. Guruge dismiss this identification as inaccurate."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Symbols",
"text": "Lion Capital of Ashoka, the capital of one of the pillars erected by Ashoka features a carving of a spoked wheel, known as the Ashoka Chakra."
},
{
"section_header": "In art, film and literature",
"text": "It is based on the life of Ashoka."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign before Buddhist influence",
"text": "One day, during a stroll at a park, Ashoka and his concubines came across a beautiful Ashoka tree."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign relations | Hellenistic world",
"text": "Dionysius is reported to have been such a Greek ambassador at the court of Ashoka, sent by Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who himself is mentioned in the Edicts of Ashoka as a recipient of the Buddhist proselytism of Ashoka."
},
{
"section_header": "Names and titles",
"text": "It may have been a regnal name adopted by Ashoka."
}
] |
Ashoka was a descendant of a dynasty founder.
| 0 | 0 |
Asoka
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group consisted of vocalist Robert Plant, guitarist Jimmy Page, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham."
}
] |
EfWjxPySkZSuh2biIEHi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "These elements mean that they are often cited as one of the originators of hard rock and heavy metal and they have been described as the \"definitive heavy metal band\", although the band members have often eschewed the label."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "They were named as the best Rock band in a poll by BBC Radio 2."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "\" As such, along with other second-generation English hard rock bands like Black Sabbath and Mott"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-breakup | 1980s",
"text": "Following Zeppelin's dissolution, the first significant project for the members was the Honeydrippers, which Plant initially formed in 1981, and which released its only album in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "History | \"The Biggest Band in the World\": 1971–1975",
"text": "A review in Rolling Stone magazine referred to Physical Graffiti as Led Zeppelin's \"bid for artistic respectability\", adding that the only bands Led Zeppelin had to compete with for the title \"The World's Best Rock Band\" were the Rolling Stones and the Who."
},
{
"section_header": "History | \"The Biggest Band in the World\": 1971–1975",
"text": "The label was successful while Led Zeppelin existed, but folded less than three years after they disbanded."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-breakup | 1980s",
"text": "Collins had contributed to Plant's first two solo albums while Martinez was a member of Plant's solo band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | \"The Biggest Band in the World\": 1971–1975",
"text": "In 1974, Led Zeppelin took a break from touring and launched their own record label, Swan Song, named after an unreleased song."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "Led Zeppelin have been widely viewed as a hard rock band, although Christgau regarded them as art rock as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group consisted of vocalist Robert Plant, guitarist Jimmy Page, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham."
}
] |
English rock band Led Zeppelin had three band members with John as their first name when they were originally formed.
| 1 | 2 |
Led Zeppelin
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Beckley was born in Hannibal, Missouri."
}
] |
EgAPI90xOWit1sYCeLSM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 2016, the Hannibal Cavemen of the Prospect League installed the Jake Beckley ."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jacob Peter Beckley (August 4, 1867 – June 25, 1918), nicknamed Eagle Eye, was an American professional baseball first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Beckley was born in Hannibal, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He served as an umpire in the Federal League in 1913 and also served as a baseball coach at William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "After playing one and a half seasons for the Alleghenys, Beckley and eight of his teammates jumped to the Pittsburgh Burghers, a team in the newly-formed Players' League (PL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Beckley died of heart disease in Kansas City, Missouri at the age of 50."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "After his MLB career ended, Beckley became a player/manager for Kansas City in the American Association in 1908–1909, Bartlesville in the Western Association in 1910, and Hannibal in the Central Association in 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Beckley began playing semi-professional baseball while still a teenager."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "308 Gate at Clemens Field in Hannibal, Missouri, Beckley's hometown and burial site."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971."
}
] |
American baseball player Jake Beckley is from Missouri.
| 0 | 0 |
Jake Beckley
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling style and persona | Fashion",
"text": "During his WWE career, Cena's has used his attire in an attempt to reflect the most current fashions and styling within the hip hop culture that his character represents."
}
] |
EgBZkvcpUUaZrhuiVkZx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling style and persona | Fashion",
"text": "He then wore shirts that promoted Cenation and his trademark line \"You Can't See Me\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling style and persona | Fashion",
"text": "During his WWE career, Cena's has used his attire in an attempt to reflect the most current fashions and styling within the hip hop culture that his character represents."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling style and persona | In-ring style",
"text": "He also wears a variety of T-shirts and baseball caps, which commonly include one of his catchphrases: \"Never Give Up\", \"You Can't See Me\", \"Hustle, Loyalty, Respect\", and \"Respect."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling style and persona | In-ring style",
"text": "In 2006, shortly after his first debut film, The Marine, his wrestling character shifted from that of a rapper to a young military upstart, wearing dog tags and cargo shorts to the ring and also performing a salute to the crowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling style and persona | Fashion",
"text": "Cena started out wearing \"throwback jerseys\" until WWE produced specific Cena merchandise which he began wearing."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | WWE | Feuds with The Rock and CM Punk (2011–2013)",
"text": "After a few weeks of Miz and Truth attacking Cena and other employees, Cena was allowed to choose his partner to challenge Miz and Truth at Survivor Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling style and persona | In-ring style",
"text": "ESPN reporter David Shoemaker said in April 2016, \"Never underestimate Cena's recuperative abilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | WWE | Feuds with The Rock and CM Punk (2011–2013)",
"text": "However, Cena's call was answered instead by the returning Brock Lesnar, who then attacked Cena with an F-5."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Television",
"text": "When asked if he had taken steroids he was heard to reply, \"I can't tell you that I haven't, but you will never prove that I have\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | WWE | The Doctor of Thuganomics (2002–2005)",
"text": ", Cena received a new character: a rapper who cut promos while rhyming."
}
] |
While wrestling Cena never wore his own line of clothes instead choosing to wear clothes that reflected the spirit of his character.
| 2 | 7 |
John Cena
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–2014: 21, worldwide recognition and hiatus",
"text": "Adele released her second studio album, 21, on 24 January 2011 in the UK and 22 February in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (; born 5 May 1988) is an English singer-songwriter."
}
] |
Egi5QSWt3Ir4gYqnblrP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adele released her second studio album, 21, in 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–2014: 21, worldwide recognition and hiatus",
"text": "Adele released her second studio album, 21, on 24 January 2011 in the UK and 22 February in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After taking a three-year break, Adele released her third studio album, 25, in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–present: Upcoming fourth studio album",
"text": "Adele was reportedly working on her fourth studio album by 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–present: Upcoming fourth studio album",
"text": "On 15 February 2020, Adele announced at a friend's wedding that her fourth studio album would be out in September 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–present: Upcoming fourth studio album",
"text": "However, she later stated the album release has been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–2014: 21, worldwide recognition and hiatus",
"text": "In December 2012, Adele was named Billboard Artist of the Year, and 21 was named Album of the Year, making her the first artist to receive both accolades two years in a row."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: 25 and Adele Live 2016",
"text": "On 27 August 2015, Billboard reported that Adele's label, XL Recordings, had intentions of releasing her third studio album sometime in November 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–2014: 21, worldwide recognition and hiatus",
"text": "On 9 December, Billboard named Adele Artist of the Year, Billboard 200 Album of the Year (21), and the Billboard Hot 100 Song of the Year (\"Rolling in the Deep\"), becoming the first woman ever to top all three categories."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences and favourite musicians",
"text": "In 2002, 14-year-old Adele discovered Etta James and Ella Fitzgerald as she stumbled on the artists' CDs in the jazz section of her local music store."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (; born 5 May 1988) is an English singer-songwriter."
}
] |
Adele released her 2nd studio album when she was 21 years old.
| 1 | 5 |
Adele
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play has strong autobiographical elements, featuring characters based on its author, his histrionic mother, and his mentally fragile sister Laura."
}
] |
Egw1LHCMX4dI7pl4OPYK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie was Williams' first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie has had several Broadway revivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Two Hollywood film versions of The Glass Menagerie have been produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "With the success of The Glass Menagerie, Williams was to give half of the royalties from the play to his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He and Laura share a quiet dance, in which he accidentally brushes against her glass menagerie, knocking a glass unicorn to the floor and breaking off its horn."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Rose died in 1996. The play was reworked from one of Williams' short stories \"Portrait of a Girl in Glass\" (1943; published 1948)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie is a memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "His sickly and mentally unstable older sister Rose provides the basis for the fragile Laura (whose nickname in the play is \"Blue Roses\", a result of a bout of pleurosis as a high school student), though it has also been suggested that Laura may incorporate aspects of Williams himself, referencing his introverted nature and obsessive focus on just one aspect of life (writing for Williams and glass animals in Laura's case)."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "The story is also written from narrator Tom Wingfield, and many of his soliloquies from The Glass Menagerie seem lifted straight from this original."
},
{
"section_header": "Original Broadway cast",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie opened on Broadway in the Playhouse Theatre on March 31, 1945, and played there until June 29, 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play has strong autobiographical elements, featuring characters based on its author, his histrionic mother, and his mentally fragile sister Laura."
}
] |
The Glass Menagerie was based on the author's life with his family.
| 0 | 0 |
The Glass Menagerie
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard (born 20 October 1942) is a German developmental biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard is associated with the discovery of Toll, which led to the identification of toll-like receptors."
}
] |
EhFrj0PbGYvJlOGyDuZf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "It is meant to aid promising young female German scientists with children."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard is associated with the discovery of Toll, which led to the identification of toll-like receptors."
},
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "In 2004 Nüsslein-Volhard started the Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Foundation (Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Stiftung)."
},
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "Since 1985 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been Director of the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tübingen and also leads its Genetics Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard (born 20 October 1942) is a German developmental biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Honorary degrees",
"text": "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been awarded honorary degrees by the following Universities: Yale, Harvard, Princeton, Rockefeller, Utrecht, University College London, Oxford (June 2005), Sheffield, St Andrews (June 2011), Freiburg, Munich and Bath (July 2012)."
}
] |
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard was a European scientist that discovered a type of receptors.
| 0 | 0 |
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Contemporary practices | Kissing in films",
"text": "The kiss lasted 18 seconds and caused many to rail against decadence in the new medium of silent film."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary practices | Kissing in films",
"text": "The first romantic kiss on screen was in American silent films in 1896, beginning with the film The Kiss."
}
] |
EhIA9GO3Cby3XqhnA91N
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Contemporary practices | Kissing in films",
"text": "Actresses like Nazimova, Pola Negri, Vilma Bánky and Greta Garbo, became screen idols as a result."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary practices | Kissing in films",
"text": "The first romantic kiss on screen was in American silent films in 1896, beginning with the film The Kiss."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Romantic kiss",
"text": "No one can evade the omnipotence of the kiss ... \" Kissing, he implies, can lead one to maturity: \"It is through kisses that a knowledge of life and happiness first comes to us."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Romantic kiss",
"text": "Runeberg says that the angels rejoice over the first kiss exchanged by lovers,\" and can keep one feeling young: \"It carries life with it; it even bestows the gift of eternal youth."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "My precious sweet, lying by my heart,one by one \"tonguemaking,\" one by one."
},
{
"section_header": "Kiss as ritual | Kiss of peace",
"text": "St Paul repeatedly speaks of the \"holy kiss,\" and, in his Epistle to the Romans, writes: \"Salute one another with an holy kiss\" and his first Epistle to the Thessalonians (1 Thessalonians 5:26), he says: \" Greet all the brethren with an holy kiss."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Kiss on the lips",
"text": "The kiss on the lips can be performed between two friends or family."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Romantic kiss",
"text": "\"As a result, kissing as an expression of love is contained in much of literature, old and new."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Romantic kiss",
"text": "This is the effect of physical closeness upon two people who are in love."
},
{
"section_header": "In religion",
"text": "Kissing the hand is first heard of among the Persians."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary practices | Kissing in films",
"text": "The kiss lasted 18 seconds and caused many to rail against decadence in the new medium of silent film."
}
] |
The first kiss on screen resulted in two arrests.
| 0 | 0 |
Kiss
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere",
"text": "The study of ozone concentration in the atmosphere started in the 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Health effects",
"text": "For the last few decades, scientists studied the effects of acute and chronic ozone exposure on human health."
}
] |
EhsKOxzrD3niT0KLlF49
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Health effects | Acute ozone exposure",
"text": "Together, these changes in the epithelial barrier help make individuals more susceptible to pulmonary infections."
},
{
"section_header": "Health effects | Physiology",
"text": "A team headed by Paul Wentworth Jr. of the Department of Chemistry at the Scripps Research Institute has shown evidence linking the antibody-catalyzed water-oxidation pathway of the human immune response to the production of ozone."
},
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere | Ozone layer | Location and production",
"text": "The concern over the health effects of the decline led to the 1987 Montreal Protocol, the ban on the production of many ozone depleting chemicals and in the first and second decade of the 21st Century the beginning of the recovery of stratospheric ozone concentrations."
},
{
"section_header": "Health effects",
"text": "For the last few decades, scientists studied the effects of acute and chronic ozone exposure on human health."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "For this reason, Schönbein is generally credited with the discovery of ozone."
},
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere | Ozone layer | Location and production",
"text": "In the second half of the 20th Century the amount of ozone in the stratosphere was discovered to be declining, mostly because of increasing concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and similar chlorinated and brominated organic molecules."
},
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere | Ozone layer | Importance to surface-dwelling life on Earth",
"text": "Nevertheless, enough of UV-B radiation at similar frequency reaches the ground to cause some sunburn, and these same wavelengths are also among those responsible for the production of vitamin D in humans."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions | Combustion",
"text": "The following is a reaction for the combustion of carbon subnitride which can also cause higher temperatures: 3 C4N2 + 4 O3"
},
{
"section_header": "Health effects | Acute ozone exposure",
"text": "These studies have shown that exposure to ozone causes changes in the immune response within the lung tissue, resulting in disruption of both the innate and adaptive immune response, as well as altering the protective function of lung epithelial cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere | Ozone layer | Importance to surface-dwelling life on Earth",
"text": "The ozone layer has little effect on the longer UV wavelengths called UV-A (315–400 nm), but this radiation does not cause sunburn or direct DNA damage, and while it probably does cause long-term skin damage in certain humans, it is not as dangerous to plants and to the health of surface-dwelling organisms on Earth in general (see ultraviolet for more information on near ultraviolet)."
},
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere",
"text": "The study of ozone concentration in the atmosphere started in the 1920s."
}
] |
The research of the concentration of ozone production that causes temperature change has been ongoing since the eighteenth century making discoveries about human health.
| 0 | 0 |
Ozone
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was adapted into a 1979 film, which won both the Palme d'Or, in the same year, and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film the following year."
}
] |
EiSWjooSZqoeEL3XIvDr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the series finale of Key and Peele, The Tin Drum is listed as one of the movies that ray parker wrote a song for on his Greatest Hits album."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Tin Drum. The Tin Drum. Vintage Books. 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "He makes knot sculptures inspired by Oskar's stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Initial reaction to The Tin Drum was mixed."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The Tin Drum has religious overtones, both Jewish and Christian."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Tin Drum Random House, 1961, ISBN 9780613226820"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "1980s futurist band Japan named their final studio album \"Tin Drum.\" The Tin Drum Bookstore on Narborough Road (Diversity Street) in Leicester, UK."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Tin Drum (German: Die Blechtrommel) is a 1959 novel by Günter Grass."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Tin Drum is featured in Season Two of the STARZ TV series “Counterpart.”"
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "Sigismund Markus: A Jewish businessman in Danzig who owns the toy store where Oskar gets his tin drums."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was adapted into a 1979 film, which won both the Palme d'Or, in the same year, and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film the following year."
}
] |
The Tin Drum did inspire a movie.
| 1 | 4 |
The Tin Drum
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Scenes were filmed around the campuses of two Massachusetts prep schools, Phillips Academy and Milton Academy."
}
] |
Eiw2im2jLRrTHjB6cvQX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Out of the films of 2010, The Social Network appeared on the most top-ten lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Following the close of the decade, The Social Network was recognized as one of the best films of the 2010s."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Since its release, The Social Network has been cited as inspiring involvement in start-ups and social media."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The Social Network is the biggest relief I've ever had in a movie\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "But I won't be seeing The Social Network to find out."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "\"The Social Network appeared on 78 film critics' top-ten lists of the best films of 2010, based on Metacritic's aggregation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Social Network is a 2010 American biographical drama film directed by David Fincher and written by Aaron Sorkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "In 2016, The Social Network was voted the 27th-best film of the 21st century by the BBC, as voted on by 177 film critics from around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Social Network was praised for its direction, screenplay, acting, editing, and score."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Absolutely not—the code for Facebook was his, and the \"idea\" of a social network is not a patent."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Scenes were filmed around the campuses of two Massachusetts prep schools, Phillips Academy and Milton Academy."
}
] |
The Social Network was filmed in New-York.
| 0 | 0 |
The Social Network
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "Lady Macbeth suffers none of her husband's uncertainty and wishes him to murder Duncan in order to obtain kingship."
}
] |
EjowztScBltgzlTsxcDq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Consumed by ambition and spurred to action by his wife, Macbeth murders King Duncan and takes the Scottish throne for himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and motifs | Witchcraft and evil",
"text": "While the witches do not tell Macbeth directly to kill King Duncan, they use a subtle form of temptation when they tell Macbeth that he is destined to be king."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "Macbeth sends a message ahead to his wife, Lady Macbeth, telling her about the witches' prophecies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "King Duncan welcomes and praises Macbeth and Banquo, and declares that he will spend the night at Macbeth's castle at Inverness; he also names his son Malcolm as his heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shakespeare's source for the story is the account of Macbeth, King of Scotland, Macduff, and Duncan in Holinshed's Chronicles (1587), a history of England, Scotland, and Ireland familiar to Shakespeare and his contemporaries, although the events in the play differ extensively from the history of the real Macbeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and motifs | As a tragedy of moral order",
"text": "Macbeth's announcement that he has \"murdered sleep\" is figuratively mirrored in Lady Macbeth's sleepwalking."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act IV",
"text": "Macbeth orders Macduff's castle be seized, and, most cruelly, sends murderers to slaughter Macduff, as well as Macduff's wife and children."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "Lady Macbeth suffers none of her husband's uncertainty and wishes him to murder Duncan in order to obtain kingship."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "James was a Scottish king and the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, a staunch Catholic and English traitor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "The first prophecy is thus fulfilled, and Macbeth, previously sceptical, immediately begins to harbour ambitions of becoming king."
}
] |
Macbeth tells the story of Macbeth's wife murdering King Duncan so she could become queen.
| 0 | 0 |
Macbeth
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It received two Oscar nominations for Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects."
}
] |
EkRf4Xq3M7JvMqQcPI7c
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It is also the third Star Wars film to gross over $1 billion worldwide, following The Phantom Menace and The Force Awakens."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the 36th-highest-grossing film of all time ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It received two Oscar nominations for Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (or simply Rogue One) is a 2016 American epic space opera film directed by Gareth Edwards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Rogue One grossed $532.2 million in the United States and Canada and $523.8 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.056 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Tie-in novels",
"text": "Written by veteran Star Wars novelist James Luceno, the story is set some years before the events of Rogue One, and provides a backstory to the 2016 film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "On January 21, 2017, the film became Disney's fourth of 2016 to earn $1 billion in ticket sales, joining Captain America: Civil War, Zootopia and Finding Dory."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It is the second-highest-grossing film of 2016, the third-highest-grossing Star Wars film, and the 35th-highest-grossing film of all time, all unadjusted for inflation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "20th at the time of its release), the second-highest-grossing film of 2016, and the fourth-highest-grossing film in the Star Wars franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Rogue One is the first film in the Star Wars anthology series, a series of standalone spin-off films in the Star Wars franchise."
}
] |
The 2016 film Rogue One: A Star Wars Story got two Oscar nominations and it grossed over $1 billion worldwide.
| 0 | 0 |
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Contesting for power | Civil war of 715–718",
"text": "Pepin's death occasioned open conflict between his heirs and the Neustrian nobles who sought political independence from Austrasian control."
}
] |
EkmvdiIsMDpCDSVaRI9d
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Contesting for power",
"text": "In December 714, Pepin of Herstal died."
},
{
"section_header": "Contesting for power | Civil war of 715–718 | Battle of Amblève",
"text": "According to one source, he split his forces into several groups which fell at them from many sides."
},
{
"section_header": "Consolidation of power | Wars of 718–732",
"text": "When Chilperic II died the following year (720), Charles appointed as his successor the son of Dagobert III, Theuderic IV, who was still a minor, and who occupied the throne from 720 to 737 Charles was now appointing the kings whom he supposedly served, rois fainéants who were mere figureheads; by the end of his reign, he didn't appoint one at all."
},
{
"section_header": "Interregnum",
"text": "Charles, titling himself maior domus and princeps et dux Francorum, did not appoint a new king and nobody acclaimed one."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and historiography",
"text": "Similarly, in 2002 Tomaž Mastnak wrote: \"The continuators of Fredegar's chronicle, who probably wrote in the mid-eighth century, pictured the battle as just one of many military encounters between Christians and Saracens—moreover, as only one in a series of wars fought by Frankish princes for booty and territory... One of Fredegar's continuators presented the battle of Poitiers as what it really was: an episode in the struggle between Christian princes as the Carolingians strove to bring Aquitaine under their rule.\" More recently, the memory of Charles Martel has been appropriated by far right and white nationalist groups, such as the 'Charles Martel Group' in France, and by Australia-born Brenton Harrison Tarrant, the alleged perpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings at Al Noor Mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Charles, nicknamed \"Martel\", or \"Charles the Hammer\", in later chronicles, was the son of Pepin of Herstal and his second wife Alpaida."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "Charles Martel married twice, his first wife being Rotrude of Treves, daughter either of Lambert II, Count of Hesbaye, or of Leudwinus, Count of Treves."
},
{
"section_header": "Contesting for power | Civil war of 715–718 | Battle of Amblève",
"text": "Another suggests that while this was his intention, he then decided, given the enemy's unpreparedness, this was not necessary."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and transition in rule",
"text": "Charles Martel died on 22 October 741, at Quierzy-sur-Oise in what is today the Aisne département in the Picardy region of France."
},
{
"section_header": "Contesting for power | Civil war of 715–718 | Battle of Cologne",
"text": "The Neustrians allied with another invading force under Redbad, King of the Frisians, and met Charles in battle near Cologne, which was still held by Plectrude."
},
{
"section_header": "Contesting for power | Civil war of 715–718",
"text": "Pepin's death occasioned open conflict between his heirs and the Neustrian nobles who sought political independence from Austrasian control."
}
] |
When his dad Pepin died, the people who might inherit or assume power were cross with one another, Charles Martel being one of them.
| 2 | 6 |
Charles Martel
|
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