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History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "When Mary returned to Scotland in 1561 to take up the reins of power, the country had an established Protestant church and was run by a council of Protestant nobles supported by Elizabeth."
}
] |
Ul56gVmVifZBD6ct46CI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her older half-sister, Mary, had lost her position as a legitimate heir when Henry annulled his marriage to Mary's mother, Catherine of Aragon, to marry Anne, with the intent to sire a male heir and ensure the Tudor succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "Rather than risk returning Mary to Scotland with an English army or sending her to France and the Catholic enemies of England, they detained her in England, where she was imprisoned for the next nineteen years."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "When Mary returned to Scotland in 1561 to take up the reins of power, the country had an established Protestant church and was run by a council of Protestant nobles supported by Elizabeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | America",
"text": "In 1585, Raleigh returned to Virginia with a small group of people."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At birth, Elizabeth was the heir presumptive to the throne of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From his birth, Edward was undisputed heir apparent to the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anne's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "On 6 November, Mary recognised Elizabeth as her heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage question",
"text": "While risking possible loss of power like her sister, who played into the hands of King Philip II of Spain, marriage offered the chance of an heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage question | Foreign candidates",
"text": "Her silence, however, strengthened her own political security: she knew that if she named an heir, her throne would be vulnerable to a coup; she remembered the way that \"a second person, as I have been\" had been used as the focus of plots against her predecessor."
}
] |
Mary was born and raised in France due to her father annulling his marriage to her mother but when she came of age and returned to Scotland the people welcomed her as an heir to the throne.
| 3 | 8 |
Elizabeth I
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and pregnancies",
"text": "She was diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome in late 2017."
}
] |
Ul8WQwegwlTcyRUrDm4M
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Paris robbery",
"text": "She managed to wriggle her hands free from the plastic ties around her wrists and scream for help."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Celebrity list, Kim Kardashian West: Selfish written by Kim Kardashian."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Paris robbery",
"text": "Once they accessed Kardashian's room, they held a gun to her head, tying her wrists and legs and wrapping duct tape around her mouth as a gag."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Kardashian, Kim; Kardashian, Kourtney; Kardashian, Khloé (2010)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough with reality television (2006–2009)",
"text": "Kardashian filed a lawsuit against Vivid Entertainment, who distributed the film as Kim Kardashian, Superstar."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough with reality television (2006–2009)",
"text": "The following month, she released her first fragrance self-titled \"Kim Kardashian\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "ISBN 978-0-312-62807-9. Kardashian, Kim; Kardashian, Kourtney; Kardashian, Khloé (2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Focus on social media (2014–present)",
"text": "In June 2014, Kardashian released a mobile game for iPhone and Android called Kim Kardashian: Hollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "Earlier that month, she had released her \"wedding fragrance\" called \"Kim Kardashian Love\" which coincided with her own wedding."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early endorsements (2010–2013)",
"text": "When asked if an album was in the works, Kardashian replied, \"There's no album in the works or anything—just one song we did for Kourtney and Kim"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and pregnancies",
"text": "She was diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome in late 2017."
}
] |
Kim Kardashian has bad wrists.
| 0 | 0 |
Kim Kardashian
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Old age and legacy",
"text": "Cherubini died in Paris in 1842 at age 81 and is buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery, just four metres from his friend Chopin."
}
] |
UlInlWtL2VbHTWBLqbi2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "See List of operas by Luigi Cherubini"
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Cherubini was born Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini in Florence in 1760."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Luigi Cherubini ( KERR-uu-BEE-nee, Italian: [luˈiːdʒi keruˈbiːni]; 8 or 14 September 1760 – 15 March 1842) was an Italian Classical and Romantic composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Old age and legacy",
"text": "Cherubini died in Paris in 1842 at age 81 and is buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery, just four metres from his friend Chopin."
}
] |
Luigi Cherubini passed away in Marseille.
| 1 | 4 |
Luigi Cherubini
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "She dies in childbirth at age 18 from blood loss; the infant also dies -"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The book begins with his wife Ona and his wedding feast."
}
] |
UlPMgfU9QcoPlaIBpSkT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jungle is a 1906 novel by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair (1878–1968)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Federal response",
"text": "For some of the remainder there was only a basis of truth.\" After reading The Jungle, Roosevelt agreed with some of Sinclair's conclusions."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Accidents at work and other events lead the family closer to catastrophe."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "She dies in childbirth at age 18 from blood loss; the infant also dies -"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The book begins with his wife Ona and his wedding feast."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "One of the children, Kristoforas, dies from food poisoning."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Sinclair was about to self-publish a shortened version of the novel in a \"Sustainer's Edition\" for subscribers when Doubleday, Page came on board; on February 28, 1906 the Doubleday edition was published simultaneously with Sinclair's of 5,000 which appeared under the imprint of “The Jungle Publishing Company” with the Socialist Party"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He contributes work despite his age and poor health; dies from a lung infection."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He and his young wife struggle to survive as they fall deeply into debt and become prey to con men."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Jurgis' father dies as a direct result of the unsafe work-conditions in the meatpacking plant."
}
] |
In Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, the wife dies in a workplace accident.
| 0 | 0 |
The Jungle
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The film adaptation of Dreamgirls stars Jamie Foxx as Curtis, Beyoncé as Deena, Eddie Murphy as Jimmy, Danny Glover as Marty, Jennifer Hudson as Effie,"
}
] |
UmgeX1dOfdKYNBz1v9gT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions | 2001 Actors Fund of America Concert",
"text": "The concert was in benefit of the Actors Fund of America, and was one of the first major public gatherings to be held in New York City after 9/11."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The film adaptation of Dreamgirls stars Jamie Foxx as Curtis, Beyoncé as Deena, Eddie Murphy as Jimmy, Danny Glover as Marty, Jennifer Hudson as Effie,"
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Although the film was announced several times, with singers such as Whitney Houston (as Deena), Lauryn Hill (another Deena candidate), and Kelly Price (as Effie) tapped to star, the studio eventually abandoned the project."
},
{
"section_header": "Similarities to The Supremes' story",
"text": "Both the Supremes and the Dreams did background vocals for established recording artists before becoming famous."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Curtis declares to Deena, \"I'm going to make you the most famous woman who's ever lived,\" as the slighted Effie asks \"What about me?"
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Subsequently, the film went into national release on December 25, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Warner Bros., which controlled the film rights to Dreamgirls, was also originally announced as a co-financier of the film, but before shooting began, Paramount Pictures stepped in as co-producer after Warner expressed concerns over the film's budget."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Loretta Devine, who originated the Lorrell role, has a cameo role as a jazz singer in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film starred Jamie Foxx, Beyoncé, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson, Danny Glover, Anika Noni Rose, and Keith Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Geffen eventually began development on the film at DreamWorks SKG, a company he co-founded, in 2004."
}
] |
Dreamgirls' film starred many famous actors.
| 0 | 2 |
Dreamgirls
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist."
}
] |
Uo7uPoCWNTzQCosdgP1H
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "\"Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Charles Dickens."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Religion",
"text": "Shakespeare's will uses a Protestant formula, and he was a confirmed member of the Church of England, where he was married, his children were baptised, and where he is buried."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Religion",
"text": "Some scholars claim that members of Shakespeare's family were Catholics, at a time when practising Catholicism in England was against the law."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Shakespeare's influence extends far beyond his native England and the English language."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare may have been employed as a schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton of Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain \"William Shakeshafte\" in his will."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "The Swiss Romantic artist Henry Fuseli, a friend of William Blake, even translated Macbeth into German."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays | Performances",
"text": "\"The actors in Shakespeare's company included the famous Richard Burbage, William Kempe, Henry Condell and John Heminges."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays",
"text": "His first histories, which draw heavily on the 1587 edition of Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, dramatise the destructive results of weak or corrupt rule and have been interpreted as a justification for the origins of the Tudor dynasty."
}
] |
William Shakespeare was from England.
| 0 | 0 |
William Shakespeare
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her childhood was spent in Montreal, where she was educated at Montreal High School for Girls and Westmount High School."
}
] |
UomBRkLv8eQfMvLP1Qzc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Early beginnings",
"text": "He wrote out a series of muscle-strengthening exercises that after many years of daily practice would successfully conceal Shearer's cast for long periods of time on the screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her childhood was spent in Montreal, where she was educated at Montreal High School for Girls and Westmount High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Irving Thalberg",
"text": "I asked how Thalberg felt. ' I hope to marry him', Norma said, and then, with the flash of the assurance I remembered so well, 'I believe I will.'\" Over the next two years, both Shearer and Irving saw other people."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early beginnings",
"text": "She spent hours in front of the mirror, exercising her eyes and striking poses that concealed or improved the physical flaws noted by Ziegfeld or Griffith."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early beginnings",
"text": "After three years of hardship, she found herself signing a contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Irving Thalberg",
"text": "On September 29, 1927, they were married in the Hollywood wedding of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Shearer's fame declined after her retirement in 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Irving Thalberg",
"text": "Thalberg became a father figure to the 23-year-old actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pre-Code",
"text": "Shearer's marriage to Thalberg gave her a degree of power in Hollywood that was resented by rivals such as Crawford, who complained that Shearer would always be offered the best roles and best conditions: \"How can I compete with Norma when she's sleeping with the boss?\"Shearer's pre-Code films included period dramas and theatrical adaptations."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Irving Thalberg",
"text": "Having become a star, Shearer's new challenge was to remain one."
}
] |
Norma Shearer's child years were spent in Quebec.
| 0 | 1 |
Norma Shearer
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The show premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007 and concluded on May 16, 2019, having broadcast a total of 279 episodes over twelve seasons."
}
] |
UpBwqWrc0bNTppERfrdD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The show premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007 and concluded on May 16, 2019, having broadcast a total of 279 episodes over twelve seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The show premiered on September 24, 2007, and was picked up for a full 22-episode season on October 19, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The show's pilot episode premiered on September 24, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcast",
"text": "The Big Bang Theory premiered in the United States on September 24, 2007 on CBS."
},
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Spin-off series",
"text": "On February 22, 2019, CBS renewed the series for both the third and fourth seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcast",
"text": "The series debuted in Canada on CTV in September 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | U.S. ratings",
"text": "When the third season premiered on September 21, 2009, however, The Big Bang Theory ranked as CBS's highest-rated show of that evening in the adults"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "After the strike ended, the show was picked up for a second season, airing in the 2008–2009 season, premiering in the same time slot on September 22, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Television special",
"text": "On May 16, 2019, a television special titled Unraveling the Mystery: A Big Bang Farewell aired following the series finale of The Big Bang Theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Recurring themes and elements | Sheldon and Amy's relationship",
"text": "In the season eleven premiere, Sheldon proposes to Amy"
}
] |
The show premiered in 2007 and concluded in 2019.
| 2 | 6 |
The Big Bang Theory
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background | \"All in the golden afternoon...\"",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was published in 1865, three years after Lewis Carroll and the Reverend Robinson Duckworth, on 4 July, rowed up the Isis river in a boat with three young girls—a day known as the \"golden afternoon,\" prefaced in the novel as a poem."
}
] |
UpCqVCA8tZ0wCEa1j8m9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "1915 : A dramatic screenplay script rendering of Alice in Wonderland by Alice Gerstenberg is published as Alice in Wonderland; a dramatization of Lewis Carrolls 'Alices adventures in Wonderland' and 'Through the looking glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 novel by English author Lewis Carroll (the pseudonym of Charles Dodgson)."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "1872: Published in Italian as Le Avventure di Alice nel"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Cinema and television",
"text": "Nel Mondo Di Alice (In the World of Alice) Italian TV series in 4 parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "On 26 November 1865, Dodgson's tale was published by Macmillan of London as Alice's Adventures in Wonderland under the pseudonym \"Lewis Carroll\" with illustrations by John Tenniel."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems and songs",
"text": "The main characters in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland are the following: Carroll wrote multiple poems and songs for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, including: \"All in the golden afternoon... \"—the prefatory verse to the book, an original poem by Carroll that recalls the rowing expedition on which he first told the story of Alice's adventures underground"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception by reviewers",
"text": "The book Alice in Wonderland failed to be named in an 1888 poll of the publishing season's most popular children's stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence",
"text": "In 2015, Robert Douglas-Fairhurst in The Guardian wrote, “Since the first publication of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 150 years ago, Lewis Carroll’s work has spawned a whole industry, from films and theme park rides to products such as a 'cute and sassy' Alice costume ('petticoat and stockings not included')."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "1999: Lewis Carroll and Helen Oxenbury, illustrator of an edition from Walker Books, win the Kurt Maschler Award for integrated writing and illustration."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | \"All in the golden afternoon...\"",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was published in 1865, three years after Lewis Carroll and the Reverend Robinson Duckworth, on 4 July, rowed up the Isis river in a boat with three young girls—a day known as the \"golden afternoon,\" prefaced in the novel as a poem."
}
] |
Lewis Carroll wrote Alice in Wonderland for a childhood friend he had named Alice who died when he was a teenager.
| 1 | 5 |
Alice in Wonderland
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leaves of Grass is a poetry collection by the American poet Walt Whitman (1819–1892)."
}
] |
UqSu7cn6BL0wj8w7cGmO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Whitman's collection of poems in Leaves of Grass is usually interpreted according to the individual poems contained within its individual editions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leaves of Grass is a poetry collection by the American poet Walt Whitman (1819–1892)."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and origin | Initial publication",
"text": "The first edition was very small, collecting only twelve unnamed poems in 95 pages."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among the poems in the collection are \"Song of Myself\", \"I Sing the Body Electric\", and \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and origin | \"Deathbed edition\"",
"text": "By the time this last edition was completed, Leaves of Grass had grown from a small book of 12 poems to a hefty tome of almost 400 poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poems of Leaves of Grass are loosely connected, with each representing Whitman's celebration of his philosophy of life and humanity."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Leaves of Grass's status as one of the most important collections of American poetry has meant that over time various groups and movements have used it, and Whitman's work in general, to further their own political and social purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Over time, however, the collection has infiltrated popular culture and been recognized as one of the central works of American poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and origin | Initial publication",
"text": "The title Leaves of Grass was a pun."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Episode eight of season five (\"Gliding Over All\", after poem 271 of Leaves of Grass) pulls together many of the series' references to Leaves of Grass, such as the fact that Walter White has the same initials as Walt Whitman (as noted in episode four of season four, \"Bullet Points\", and made more salient in \"Gliding Over All\"), that leads Hank Schrader to realize Walt is Heisenberg."
}
] |
Leaves of Grass is a collection of poems.
| 0 | 0 |
Leaves of Grass
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "The name \"England\" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means \"land of the Angles\"."
}
] |
Uqkp7JOm4vU822BkoRhP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "The name \"England\" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means \"land of the Angles\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance | Politics",
"text": "Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, although other countries of the United Kingdom have devolved governments."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Performing artsThe traditional folk music of England is centuries old and has contributed to several genres prominently; mostly sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance music. It has its own distinct variations and regional peculiarities. Wynkyn de Worde printed ballads of Robin Hood from the 16th century are an important artefact, as are John Playford's The Dancing Master and Robert Harley's Roxburghe Ballads collections. Some of the best-known songs are Greensleeves, Pastime with Good Company, Maggie May and Spanish Ladies amongst others. Many nursery rhymes are of English origin such as Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary, Roses are red, Jack and Jill, London Bridge Is Falling Down, The Grand Old Duke of York, Hey Diddle Diddle and Humpty Dumpty. Traditional English Christmas carols include \"We Wish You a Merry Christmas\", \"The First Noel\", “I Saw Three Ships” and \"God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen\".",
"text": "After the Notting Hill Carnival, it is the second-largest street festival in the United Kingdom attracting over 80,000 visitors from across the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Major conurbations",
"text": "It is considered a global city and has a population larger than other countries in the United Kingdom besides England itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "The earliest recorded use of the term, as \"Engla londe\", is in the late-ninth-century translation into Old English of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Landscape and rivers",
"text": "It is bordered by two other countries of the United Kingdom: to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Population",
"text": "With over 53 million inhabitants, England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom, accounting for 84% of the combined total."
},
{
"section_header": "Healthcare",
"text": "The average life expectancy of people in England is 77.5 years for males and 81.7 years for females, the highest of the four countries of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The capital is London, which has the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and, prior to Brexit, the European Union."
}
] |
England is a country of the United Kingdom that got it's name from an old translation of an area for the heavenly spirits.
| 0 | 0 |
England
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1970s",
"text": "At age 22, he became the youngest player to win the National League Most Valuable Player Award."
}
] |
UrH3qm70iRRs86X14kGx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1960s",
"text": "In 1968, the 20-year-old Bench impressed many in his first full season; he won the National League Rookie of the Year Award, batting .275"
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1970s",
"text": "Bench had another strong year in 1972, winning the MVP Award for a second time."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career statistics",
"text": "In his career, Bench earned 10 Gold Gloves, was named to the National League All-Star team 14 times, and won two Most Valuable Player Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Four days after they met, Bench proposed, and they were married on February 21, 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1960s",
"text": "He also won the 1968 National League Gold Glove Award for catchers, which was the first time that the award had been won by a rookie."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His fourth marriage took place in 2004, to 31-year-old Lauren Baiocchi, the daughter of pro golfer Hugh Baiocchi."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1970s",
"text": "The Reds won in a four-game sweep and Bench was named the Series' MVP."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1970s",
"text": "At age 22, he became the youngest player to win the National League Most Valuable Player Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "In 1989, he became the first individual baseball player to appear on a Wheaties box, a cereal he ate as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1960s",
"text": "As a 17-year-old, Bench was selected 36th overall by the Cincinnati Reds in the second round of the 1965 amateur draft, playing for the minor-league Buffalo Bisons in the 1966 and 1967 seasons before being called up to the Reds in August 1967."
}
] |
At 21 years old, Bench earned the National League's MVP award.
| 1 | 8 |
Johnny Bench
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Because the Gregorian calendar was adopted during his lifetime, Boone's birth date is sometimes given as November 2, 1734 (the \"New Style\" date), although Boone used the October date."
}
] |
UrIy8zn0rtQs7XB9upY2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "Boone and a group of men from Boonesborough followed in pursuit, finally catching up with them two days later."
},
{
"section_header": "Missouri",
"text": "When the War of 1812 came to Missouri, Boone's sons Daniel Morgan Boone and Nathan Boone took part, but by that time Boone was much too old for militia duty."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy",
"text": "With me the world has taken great liberties, and yet I have been but a common man."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Daniel Boone died of natural causes (other sources say from acute indigestion) on September 26, 1820, at Nathan Boone's home on Femme Osage Creek, five weeks short of his 86th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The graves, which were unmarked until the mid-1830s, were near Jemima (Boone) Callaway's home on Tuque Creek, about two miles (3 km) from the present-day Marthasville, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The Kentucky Legislature appropriated two thousand dollars in 1860 for the erection of a monument over the grave of Daniel Boone in Frankfort."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In Boone's youth, his family became a source of controversy in the local Quaker community when two of the oldest children married outside the endogamous community, in present-day Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "The British released Boone on parole several days later."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Symbol and stereotype",
"text": "In 1852, critic Henry Tuckerman dubbed Boone \"the Columbus of the woods\", comparing Boone's passage through the Cumberland Gap to Christopher Columbus's voyage to the New World."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "In the autumn of 1779, a large party of emigrants came with him, including (according to tradition) the family of Abraham Lincoln's grandfather."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Because the Gregorian calendar was adopted during his lifetime, Boone's birth date is sometimes given as November 2, 1734 (the \"New Style\" date), although Boone used the October date."
}
] |
The exact day that Daniel Boone came into this world is unknown so that is why he has two birthdays.
| 0 | 0 |
Daniel Boone
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A right-handed pitcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers/Los Angeles Dodgers for his entire career in Major League Baseball"
}
] |
UrSomInjIG8VP1dY5s6v
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Pitching for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers, he teamed with Sandy Koufax during the late 1950s and early and middle 1960s to form one of the most dominating pitching duos in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | 1988",
"text": "In his final start of the year, Hershiser needed to pitch 10 shutout innings to set the mark – meaning not only that he would have to prevent the San Diego Padres from scoring, but that his own team would also need to fail to score in order to ensure extra innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "At the time of his retirement, Drysdale was the last remaining player on the Dodgers who had played for Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "In the meantime, Drysdale filled in for Jackson on play-by-play for the early innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his playing career, he became a radio and television broadcaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Drysdale ended his career with 209 wins, 2,486 strikeouts, 167 complete games and 49 shutouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "In 1984, Drysdale called play-by-play (alongside Reggie Jackson and Earl Weaver) for the National League Championship Series between the San Diego Padres and Chicago Cubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Big D\" by fans, Drysdale used brushback pitches and a sidearm fastball to intimidate batters, similar to his fierce fellow Hall of Famer Bob Gibson."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His 154 hit batsmen remains a modern National League record."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Drysdale was a good hitting pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A right-handed pitcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers/Los Angeles Dodgers for his entire career in Major League Baseball"
}
] |
Don Drysdale played for multiple teams throughout his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Don Drysdale
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | Hortensio problem",
"text": "These revisions, Oliver says, relate primarily to the character of Hortensio, and suggest that in an original version of the play, now lost, Hortensio was not a suitor to Bianca, but simply an old friend of Petruchio."
}
] |
Uronx3ta8lCwi24QEeHA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical/Ballet",
"text": "It ran for 501 performances. As well as being a box office hit, the musical was also a critical success, winning five Tony Awards; Best Authors (Musical), Best Original Score, Best Costume Design, Best Musical and Best Producers (Musical)."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | The relationship with A Shrew",
"text": "A Shrew is a reconstructed version of The Shrew; i.e. a bad quarto, an attempt by actors to reconstruct the original play from memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical/Ballet",
"text": "Shakespeare's original Taming of the Shrew."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical/Ballet",
"text": "Its 1999 revival at the Martin Beck Theatre, directed by Michael Blakemore and starring Marin Mazzie and Brian Stokes Mitchell, was especially successful, winning another five Tonys; Best Actor (Musical), Best Costume Design, Best Director (Musical), Best Orchestrations, and Best Revival (Musical).The first ballet version of the play was Maurice Béjart's La mégère apprivoisée."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | Hortensio problem",
"text": "This is important in Duthie's theory of an Ur-Shrew insofar as he argues it is the original version of The Shrew upon which A Shrew is based, not the version which appears in the 1623 First Folio."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | The relationship with A Shrew",
"text": "Alexander agreed with Hickson that A Shrew was derived from The Shrew, but he did not agree that Marlowe wrote A Shrew."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes | Female submissiveness",
"text": "It is ironic; she is being sarcastic, pretending to have been tamed when in reality she has completely duped Petruchio into thinking he has tamed her."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical/Ballet",
"text": "The best known ballet adaptation is John Cranko's The Taming of the Shrew, first performed by the Stuttgart Ballet at the Staatsoper Stuttgart in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | The relationship with A Shrew",
"text": "\" Hickson is here arguing that Marlowe's A Shrew is not based upon the version of The Shrew found in the First Folio, but on another version of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | Hortensio problem",
"text": "These revisions, Oliver says, relate primarily to the character of Hortensio, and suggest that in an original version of the play, now lost, Hortensio was not a suitor to Bianca, but simply an old friend of Petruchio."
}
] |
The original manuscript of The Taming of the Shrew is widely agreed to be the best version of the play.
| 0 | 0 |
The Taming of the Shrew
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "This building was destroyed by a fire in May of AD 614, when the Sassanid Empire, under Khosrau II, invaded Jerusalem and captured the True Cross."
}
] |
UsUHauLW6tOgJ0HhbS7k
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "This building was destroyed by a fire in May of AD 614, when the Sassanid Empire, under Khosrau II, invaded Jerusalem and captured the True Cross."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Following the siege of AD 70 during the First Jewish–Roman War, Jerusalem had been reduced to ruins."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In AD 130, the Roman emperor Hadrian began the building of a Roman colony, the new city of Aelia Capitolina, on the site."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "Eutychius added that Umar wrote a decree prohibiting Muslims from praying at this location."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Crusader period (1099–1244)",
"text": "The Crusaders began to refurnish the church in Romanesque style and added a bell tower."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "The damage was extensive, with few parts of the early church remaining, and the roof of the rock-cut tomb damaged; the original shrine was destroyed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reconstruction (11th century)",
"text": "In addition, the Byzantines, while releasing 5,000 Muslim prisoners, made demands for the restoration of other churches destroyed by Al-Hakim and the reestablishment of a patriarch in Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Rotunda and Aedicule",
"text": "The rotunda is the building of the larger dome located on the far west side."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ottoman period",
"text": "The Franciscans rebuilt the Aedicule ('small building'), extending the structure to create an antechamber."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reconstruction (11th century)",
"text": "The new construction was concentrated on the rotunda and its surrounding buildings: the great basilica remained in ruins."
}
] |
The building was destroyed by the war in AD 618.
| 1 | 6 |
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, creating the only grandfather–grandson duo to have held the office."
}
] |
UsjyAyl13Uxfc4NVHb9b
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a founding father who signed the United States Declaration of Independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "In 1908, the people of Indianapolis erected the Benjamin Harrison memorial statue, created by Charles Niehaus and Henry Bacon, in honor of Harrison's lifetime achievements as military leader, U.S. Senator, and President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Judicial appointments",
"text": "Harrison appointed four justices to the Supreme Court of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "Harrison was seven years old when his grandfather was elected U.S. president, but he did not attend the inauguration."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Foreign policy | Latin America and Samoa",
"text": "In San Francisco, while on tour of the United States in 1891, Harrison proclaimed that the United States was in a \"new epoch\" of trade and that the expanding navy would protect oceanic shipping and increase American influence and prestige abroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "His speech was brief—half as long as that of his grandfather, William Henry Harrison, whose speech remains the longest inaugural address of a U.S. president."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Foreign policy | Latin America and Samoa",
"text": "In 1889, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the German Empire were locked in a dispute over control of the Samoan Islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "In his speech, Benjamin Harrison credited the nation's growth to the influences of education and religion, urged the cotton states and mining territories to attain the industrial proportions of the eastern states and promised a protective tariff."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Foreign policy | Crises in Aleutian Islands and Chile",
"text": "As a result, the United States Navy seized several Canadian ships."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, creating the only grandfather–grandson duo to have held the office."
}
] |
Benjamin Harrison grandfather and dad were presidents of the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Benjamin Harrison
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"the Magnetic Man\", he was a charismatic speaker in an era that prized oratory."
}
] |
UtUoqTxmFrLbLeSDcfeh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and childhood",
"text": "James Gillespie Blaine was born January 31, 1830 in West Brownsville, Pennsylvania, the third child of Ephraim Lyon Blaine and his wife Maria (Gillespie) Blaine."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and childhood",
"text": "James Blaine's cousin, Angela Gillespie, was a nun and founded the American branch of the Sisters of the Holy Cross."
},
{
"section_header": "1880 presidential election",
"text": "Blaine was nominated by James Frederick Joy of Michigan, but in contrast to Ingersoll's exciting speech of 1876, Joy's lengthy oration was remembered only for its maladroitness."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 – January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and then in the United States Senate from 1876 to 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement and death",
"text": "Harrison was renominated on the first ballot, but die-hard Blaine delegates still gave their champion 182 and 1/6 votes, good enough for second place."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State, 1889–92",
"text": "Harrison had developed his foreign policy based largely on Blaine's ideas, and at the start of his term, Harrison and Blaine had very similar views on the United States' place in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "House of Representatives, 1863–1876 | Reconstruction and impeachment",
"text": "Later, Blaine was more ambiguous about the validity of the charges against Johnson, writing that \"there was a very grave difference of opinion among those equally competent to decide,\" but at the time partisan zeal led him to follow his party's leaders."
},
{
"section_header": "1876 presidential election | Plumed Knight",
"text": "Blaine was nominated by Illinois orator Robert G. Ingersoll in what became a famous speech: This is a grand year—a year filled with recollections of the Revolution ... a year in which the people call for the man who has torn from the throat of treason the tongue of slander, the man who has snatched the mask of Democracy from the hideous face of rebellion ... Like an armed warrior, like a plumed knight, James G. Blaine from the state of Maine marched down the halls of the American Congress and threw his shining lance full and fair against the brazen foreheads of every traitor to his country and every maligner of his fair reputation."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Maine politics",
"text": "They would have four more children in years to come: Alice, James, Margaret, and Harriet."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Historian R. Hal Williams was working on a new biography of Blaine, tentatively titled James G. Blaine: A Life in Politics, until his death in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"the Magnetic Man\", he was a charismatic speaker in an era that prized oratory."
}
] |
James Gillespie Blaine was not a very good orator.
| 0 | 0 |
James G. Blaine
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Mock trial",
"text": "Although an audience vote was \"too close to call\", Henry was unanimously found guilty by the court on the basis of \"evolving standards of civil society\"."
}
] |
UtZ3A9nuIgYbmugZBMvE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Mock trial",
"text": "In March 2010, a mock trial of Henry V for the crimes associated with the slaughter of the prisoners was held in Washington, D.C., drawing from both the historical record and Shakespeare's play."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Mock trial",
"text": "Although an audience vote was \"too close to call\", Henry was unanimously found guilty by the court on the basis of \"evolving standards of civil society\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Mock trial",
"text": "The trial ranged widely over whether there was just cause for war and not simply the prisoner issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Fighting | Henry executes the prisoners",
"text": "It seems it was purely a decision of Henry, since the English knights found it contrary to chivalry, and contrary to their interests to kill valuable hostages for whom it was commonplace to ask ransom."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign",
"text": "By 1415, negotiations had ground to a halt, with the English claiming that the French had mocked their claims and ridiculed Henry himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Mock trial",
"text": "Participating as judges were Justices Samuel Alito and Ruth Bader Ginsburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "According to the heralds, 3,069 knights and squires were killed, while at least 2,600 more corpses were found without coats of arms to identify them."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the ensuing campaign, many soldiers died from disease, and the English numbers dwindled; they tried to withdraw to English-held Calais but found their path blocked by a considerably larger French army."
},
{
"section_header": "Fighting | Henry executes the prisoners",
"text": "Henry threatened to hang whoever did not obey his orders."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Terrain",
"text": "The French monk of St. Denis says: \"Their vanguard, composed of about 5,000 men, found itself at first so tightly packed that those who were in the third rank could scarcely use their swords,\" and the Burgundian sources have a similar passage."
}
] |
There were mock trials in 2010 and Henry was found not guilty.
| 0 | 2 |
Battle of Agincourt
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leonard Bernstein ( BURN-styne; August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American composer, conductor, pianist, music educator, author, and lifelong humanitarian."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His works include three symphonies, Chichester Psalms, Serenade after Plato's \"Symposium\", the original score for the film On the Waterfront, and theater works including On the Town, Wonderful Town, Candide, and his MASS."
}
] |
UtgL0VVg08wgybtTaFON
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1960s | Glenn Gould",
"text": "However, his views were not shared by the audiences (with many full houses) and probably not by the musicians themselves (who had greater financial security arising from Bernstein's many TV and recording activities amongst other things)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a composer he wrote in many styles, including symphonic and orchestral music, ballet, film and theatre music, choral works, opera, chamber music and works for the piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leonard Bernstein ( BURN-styne; August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American composer, conductor, pianist, music educator, author, and lifelong humanitarian."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1935–1940: Education",
"text": "Bernstein wrote and conducted the musical score for the production"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Felicia Montealegre Bernstein Fund of Amnesty International USA",
"text": "In October 1976, Leonard Bernstein led the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and legendary pianist Claudio Arrau in an Amnesty International Benefit Concert in Munich."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Leonard Bernstein Letters'."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and characteristics as a conductor",
"text": "He was held in high regard amongst many musicians, including the members of the Vienna Philharmonic, evidenced by his honorary membership; the London Symphony Orchestra, of which he was president; and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, with which he appeared regularly as guest conductor."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Bernstein, Leonard (1993) [1982]."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early 1950s | Wonderful Town",
"text": "In 1953, he wrote the music for Wonderful Town on very short notice, working again with Comden and Green, who wrote the lyrics."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and characteristics as a composer",
"text": "Bernstein himself said his main motivation for composing was \"to communicate\" and that all his pieces, including his symphonies and concert works, \"could in some sense be thought of as 'theatre' pieces\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His works include three symphonies, Chichester Psalms, Serenade after Plato's \"Symposium\", the original score for the film On the Waterfront, and theater works including On the Town, Wonderful Town, Candide, and his MASS."
}
] |
Leonard Bernstein was a man of many of things including an author and wrote symphonies.
| 0 | 2 |
Leonard Bernstein
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Graham Taylor, Terry Venables, Glenn Hoddle and Kevin Keegan",
"text": "Graham Taylor was Robson's immediate successor."
}
] |
UtuXPwGndpNKFmuWjuKD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Don Revie, Ron Greenwood and Bobby Robson",
"text": "Bobby Robson managed England from 1982 to 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Graham Taylor, Terry Venables, Glenn Hoddle and Kevin Keegan",
"text": "The 1990s saw four England managers follow Robson, each in the role for a relatively brief period."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "England is the oldest national team in football."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The England national football team represents England in men's international football and is governed by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The team's manager is Gareth Southgate."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Roy Hodgson, Sam Allardyce and Gareth Southgate",
"text": "Hodgson resigned as manager June 2016, and just under a month later was replaced by Sam Allardyce."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Don Revie, Ron Greenwood and Bobby Robson",
"text": "Under Ron Greenwood, they managed to qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain (the first time competitively since 1962); despite not losing a game, they were eliminated in the second group stage."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "The England national football team is the joint-oldest in the world; it was formed at the same time as Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitive record",
"text": "As of 2 September 2019 For the all-time record of the national team against opposing nations, see the team's all-time record page"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Graham Taylor, Terry Venables, Glenn Hoddle and Kevin Keegan",
"text": "Venables resigned following investigations into his financial activities."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Graham Taylor, Terry Venables, Glenn Hoddle and Kevin Keegan",
"text": "Graham Taylor was Robson's immediate successor."
}
] |
Bobby Robson was followed by Sam Taylor as he England national football team's manager.
| 0 | 0 |
England national football team
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "The Grays' strong identity in Pennsylvania and surrounding states enabled them to survive the depths of the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "He took control of the Grays in 1920 and turned them into a highly successful regional enterprise as an independent team."
}
] |
UtxpGVaNCW4NrJwxX37L
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "Posey's teams reeled in nine consecutive pennants from 1937–1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cumberland “Cum” Willis Posey, Jr. (June 20, 1890 – March 28, 1946) was an American baseball player, manager, and team owner in the Negro leagues, as well as a professional basketball player and team owner."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "The Grays' strong identity in Pennsylvania and surrounding states enabled them to survive the depths of the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "In a quarter-century running the team, he built it into one of the powerhouse franchises of black baseball, winning numerous pennants, including nine consecutively from 1937–1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "But no matter what his critics say, they cannot deny that he was the smartest man in Negro baseball and certainly the most successful.\" He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "Posey began playing baseball for the semi-pro Grays in 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "In baseball, Posey played with the Homestead Grays in 1911, was manager by 1916, and became owner in the early 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "Posey, the principal owner of the Homestead Grays, spent 35 years (1911–1946) in baseball as a player, manager, owner and club official."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "He was often accused of raiding other clubs' rosters, enticing their best players to join his team."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "He was named to the Washington Nationals Ring of Honor for his \"significant contribution to the game of baseball in Washington, D.C\" as part of the Homestead Grays on August 10, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "He took control of the Grays in 1920 and turned them into a highly successful regional enterprise as an independent team."
}
] |
Cum Posey's investments in the stock market caused him to lose ownership of his baseball team after the Great Crash of '29.
| 0 | 0 |
Cum Posey
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Product and endorsements",
"text": "In 2000, Spears released a limited edition of sunglasses titled Shades of Britney."
}
] |
UumThHEeKKHfDT391Duq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Stage performances",
"text": "It's like an alter-ego type thing."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "Throughout her career, Spears has drawn frequent comparisons to Madonna and Jackson in particular, in terms of vocals, choreography and stage presence."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "Spears announced through her Twitter account in August 2014 that she would be releasing an intimate apparel line called \"The Intimate Britney Spears\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "Spears began work on her eighth studio album, Britney Jean, in December 2012, and enlisted"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "During the same appearance, Spears announced that Britney Jean would be released on December 3, 2013, in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "During the production of Britney Jean, Spears recorded the song \"Ooh La La\" for the soundtrack of The Smurfs 2, which was released in June 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "On September 25, 2014, Spears confirmed on Good Morning Britain that she had extended her contract with The AXIS and Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino, to continue Britney: Piece of Me for two additional years."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2001–2002: Britney and Crossroads",
"text": "Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic called Britney \"the record where she strives to deepen her persona, making it more adult while still recognizably Britney."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "Britney Jean debuted at number 34 on the UK Albums Chart, selling 12,959 copies in its first week."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1981–1997: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "And Britney had that.\" Spears sang Houston's"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Product and endorsements",
"text": "In 2000, Spears released a limited edition of sunglasses titled Shades of Britney."
}
] |
Britney Spears had her own particular type of tinted sight devices.
| 1 | 4 |
Britney Spears
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "With the Beatles became the second album in UK chart history to sell a million copies, a figure previously reached only by the 1958 South Pacific soundtrack."
}
] |
Uv8GcDFTI46B61EC4LXn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "With the Beatles became the second album in UK chart history to sell a million copies, a figure previously reached only by the 1958 South Pacific soundtrack."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2000s",
"text": "It became the fastest-selling album of all time, with 3.6 million sold in its first week and 13 million within a month."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "It became their first single to sell a million copies, and remained the biggest-selling record in the UK until 1978.Their commercial success brought increased media exposure, to which the Beatles responded with an irreverent and comical attitude that defied the expectations of pop musicians at the time, inspiring even more interest."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | India retreat, Apple Corps and the White Album",
"text": "The record attracted more than 2 million advance orders, selling nearly 4 million copies in the US in little over a month, and its tracks dominated the playlists of American radio stations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "Issued in August, the band's fourth single, \"She Loves You\", achieved the fastest sales of any record in the UK up to that time, selling three-quarters of a million copies in under four weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2000s",
"text": "As of April 2009, the compilation had sold 31 million copies globally, and is the best-selling album of that decade in the US.Harrison died from metastatic lung cancer in November 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beatles are the best-selling music act of all time, with certified sales of over 183 million units in the US and estimated sales of 600 million units worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Controversies, Revolver and final tour",
"text": "Thousands of copies of the LP had a new cover pasted over the original; an unpeeled \"first-state\" copy fetched $10,500 at a December 2005 auction."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "With Help!, the Beatles became the first rock group to be nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | First visit to the United States and the British Invasion",
"text": "They gave their first live US television performance two days later on The Ed Sullivan Show, watched by approximately 73 million viewers in over 23 million households, or 34 percent of the American population."
}
] |
With the Beatles became the first album in UK history to sell over a million copies.
| 3 | 5 |
The Beatles
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Video games",
"text": "The 1990 video game Super Mario World features an enemy known as \"Rip Van Fish\" which constantly sleeps unless disturbed."
}
] |
UvDoEloRWuaMZiuWVnzi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "People who refuse to use Morpheus are colloquially called \"Rips\" referencing Rip van Winkle."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "The manga/anime series Hellsing has a minor antagonist named Rip Van Winkle."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "American musician Josh Eppard, rapping under the name Weerd Science, references Rip Van Winkle in his song, \"Sick Kids\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Van Winkle does not ask who they are or how they know his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Cartoons and animated films",
"text": "Tales of Washington Irving, a one-hour animated television special from 1970, presented adaptations of \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" and \"Rip Van Winkle\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Cartoons and animated films",
"text": "Rip Van Winkle (1978), a claymation version of the story produced and directed by Will Vinton, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Cartoons and animated films",
"text": "In the animated short Popeye Meets Rip Van Winkle (1941), the soundly-sleeping Rip is evicted for not paying his rent for twenty years, and features a caricature of Chico Marx playing the piano."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "Leave you sleeping in the dirt like your name was Rip Van.\" \"Mountain Music\" is a song written by Randy Owen, and recorded by the American country music band Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "A young Rip Van Winkle is the primary character in the 2015 novel, Rip Van Winkle and The Pumpkin Lantern by Seth Adam Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "One of the movements is entitled \"Rip Van Winkle\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Video games",
"text": "The 1990 video game Super Mario World features an enemy known as \"Rip Van Fish\" which constantly sleeps unless disturbed."
}
] |
Rip Van Winkle was referenced in a popular Japanese plumber simulation by way of an aquatic animal that's named after him.
| 0 | 0 |
Rip van Winkle
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Examples | Light",
"text": "They all travel through a vacuum at the same speed (the speed of light), giving them wavelengths inversely proportional to their frequencies."
}
] |
UviWUu7xNHVDhdygKVWJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In wave propagation",
"text": "In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, then v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Light",
"text": "They all travel through a vacuum at the same speed (the speed of light), giving them wavelengths inversely proportional to their frequencies."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Sound",
"text": "Other species have different hearing ranges."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Light",
"text": "where c is the speed of light (c in a vacuum, or less in other media), f is the frequency and λ is the wavelength."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Heterodyne methods",
"text": "This creates a heterodyne or \"beat\" signal at the difference between the two frequencies."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Heterodyne methods",
"text": "This process only measures the difference between the unknown frequency and the reference frequency."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Light",
"text": "Visible light is an electromagnetic wave, consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling through space."
},
{
"section_header": "In wave propagation",
"text": "When waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their frequency remains the same—only their wavelength and speed change."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Light",
"text": "In dispersive media, such as glass, the speed depends somewhat on frequency, so the wavelength is not quite inversely proportional to frequency."
},
{
"section_header": "In wave propagation",
"text": "For periodic waves in nondispersive media (that is, media in which the wave speed is independent of frequency), frequency has an inverse relationship to the wavelength, λ (lambda)."
}
] |
Different wavelengths along the electromagnetic spectrum move at different speeds through a vacuum.
| 0 | 0 |
Frequency
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Shortly afterwards, Mason and Simon, a widower, fell in love and got married."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Mason was married to actor Gary Campbell from 1965 until they divorced in 1970."
}
] |
UwAUGt7R9qUlWq5c9K7h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was married for ten years (1973–1983) to the playwright and screenwriter Neil Simon, who was the writer of three of her four Oscar-nominated roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marsha Mason (born April 3, 1942) is an American actress and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Shortly afterwards, Mason and Simon, a widower, fell in love and got married."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Mason was married to actor Gary Campbell from 1965 until they divorced in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "By this time, Mason and Simon had divorced, and her film career lost momentum."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason played in a New York production of Harold Pinter's Old Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "A former, long-time resident of New Mexico"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was nominated four times for the Academy Award for Best Actress: for her performances in Cinderella Liberty (1973), The Goodbye Girl (1977), Chapter Two (1979), and Only When I Laugh (1981)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Mason was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Jacqueline Helena (Rakowski) and James Joseph Mason, a printer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason has had a distinguished career in film and theater."
}
] |
Marsha Mason has been married three times.
| 0 | 0 |
Marsha Mason
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book includes maps of the house, the murder scene, and a drawing of a fragment of a will."
}
] |
UwIi56HMJUghkqR5Zg8b
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When the woman is killed, Poirot uses his detective skills to solve the mystery."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "At the end of the serialisation an advertisement appeared in the newspaper, which announced, \"This is a brilliant mystery novel, which has had the unique distinction for a first novel of being serialised in The Times Weekly Edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "This novel has had the unique distinction for a first book of being accepted by the Times as a serial for its weekly edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Lovers of good detective stories will, without exception, rejoice in this book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This first mystery novel by Agatha Christie was well received by reviewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mysterious Affair at Styles is a detective novel by British writer Agatha Christie."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Poirot reveals that when he realised that Alfred wanted to be arrested, he prevented Japp from doing so until he could discover why."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Mysterious Affair at Styles later made publishing history by being one of the first ten books to be published by Penguin Books when they were launched on 30 July 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He then hid it in the room to avoid being found with it."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He lives in England after being displaced by the war in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book includes maps of the house, the murder scene, and a drawing of a fragment of a will."
}
] |
This mystery novel is about a fashion designer's lover being killed and then the investigation leads to the butler doing the killing.
| 0 | 0 |
The Mysterious Affair at Styles
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–2001: Later career",
"text": "Lemmon was nominated for a Best Actor Oscar for his role in The China Syndrome (1979), for which he was also awarded Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival."
}
] |
UwWQ4e9PXqRV12BTmsql
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1978: Mid-career",
"text": "In 1972, at the 44th Academy Awards, Jack Lemmon presented the Honorary Academy Award to silent screen legend Charlie Chaplin."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1978: Mid-career",
"text": "Matthau went on to win an Academy Award for his performance in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Lifetime awards",
"text": "In 1996 Lemmon was awarded the Honorary Golden Bear award at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Lifetime awards",
"text": "In 1995 Lemmon was awarded the inaugural Harvard Arts Medal."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1978: Mid-career",
"text": "Having won the Best Supporting actor Academy Award for Mister Roberts, he became the first actor to achieve that particular double, although Helen Hayes had achieved this feat three years earlier in the equivalent female categories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He starred in over 60 films, such as Mister Roberts (1955, for which he won the year's Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor), Some Like It Hot (1959), The Apartment (1960), Days of Wine and Roses (1962), Irma la Douce (1963), The Great Race (1965), The Odd Couple (1968, and its sequel The Odd Couple II (1998), both with frequent co-star Walter Matthau), Save the Tiger (1973, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor), The China Syndrome (1979), Missing (1982), Long Day's Journey into Night (1987, for which he won a Golden Globe) and Glengarry Glen Ross (1992)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents had a difficult marriage, and separated permanently when Lemmon was 18, but never divorced."
},
{
"section_header": "Lifetime awards",
"text": "In 1986 the U.S. National Board of Review of Motion Pictures gave Lemmon a \"Career Achievement\" Award; two years later, the American Film Institute gave him its Lifetime Achievement Award in March 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–2001: Later career",
"text": "For his role as Morrie Schwartz in his final television role, Tuesdays with Morrie (1999), Lemmon won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1949–1965: Early years",
"text": "Lemmon became a professional actor, working on radio and Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–2001: Later career",
"text": "Lemmon was nominated for a Best Actor Oscar for his role in The China Syndrome (1979), for which he was also awarded Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival."
}
] |
Lemmon never won an Academy Award for any of his works.
| 0 | 4 |
Jack Lemmon
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (reigned from 1628 to 1658) to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself."
}
] |
Ux5jYsNIRp3xVWMat7My
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being \"the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Foreign dignitaries often visit the Taj Mahal on trips to India."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was constructed using materials from all over India and Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17 June that year, while giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Taj Mahal attracts 7–8 million visitors a year and in 2007, it was declared a winner of the New 7 Wonders of the World (2000–2007) initiative."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Lists of recommended travel destinations often feature the Taj Mahal, which also appears in several listings of seven wonders of the modern world, including the recently announced New Seven Wonders of the World, a recent poll with 100 million votes."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Garden",
"text": "By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire controlled more than three-fifths of India, and assumed management of the Taj Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies",
"text": "He claimed it was built by a man who jailed his own father and wished to kill Hindus."
},
{
"section_header": "Myths",
"text": "No evidence exists for claims that Lord William Bentinck, governor-general of India in the 1830s, supposedly planned to demolish the Taj Mahal and auction off the marble."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (reigned from 1628 to 1658) to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself."
}
] |
The Taj Mahal in India is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that entombs the man who commissioned it.
| 0 | 0 |
Taj Mahal
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The dice game",
"text": "In the dice game, Yudhishthira loses all his wealth, then his kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The dice game",
"text": "Shakuni, Duryodhana's uncle, now arranges a dice game, playing against Yudhishthira with loaded dice."
}
] |
UyahrLsTQ96E80atp7Z9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television",
"text": "The same year as Mahabharat was being shown on Doordarshan, that same company's other television show, Bharat Ek Khoj, also directed by Shyam Benegal, showed a 2-episode abbreviation of the Mahabharata, drawing from various interpretations of the work, be they sung, danced, or staged."
},
{
"section_header": "Kuru family tree",
"text": "This shows the line of royal and family succession, not necessarily the parentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence",
"text": "This has led to the Gita often being described as a concise guide to Hindu philosophy and a practical, self-contained guide to life."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Critical Edition",
"text": "This work is sometimes called the \"Pune\" or \"Poona\" edition of the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "He is born healthy and grows up to be one of the wisest characters in the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television",
"text": "Prakash Jha directed 2010 film Raajneeti was partially inspired by the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Jain version",
"text": "The main battle is not the Mahabharata, but the fight between Krishna and Jarasandha (who is killed by Krishna)."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Derivative literature",
"text": "Amar Chitra Katha published a 1,260-page comic book version of the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "A Kawi version of the Mahabharata, of which eight of the eighteen parvas survive, is found on the Indonesian island of Bali."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "The Mahabharata: Complete and Unabridged (set of 10 volumes) by Bibek Debroy, Penguin Books India."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The dice game",
"text": "In the dice game, Yudhishthira loses all his wealth, then his kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The dice game",
"text": "Shakuni, Duryodhana's uncle, now arranges a dice game, playing against Yudhishthira with loaded dice."
}
] |
The Mahabharata advocates betting, and shows the practice as non-harmful.
| 2 | 4 |
Mahabharata
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships is a 1726 prose satire by the Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift, satirising both human nature and the \"travellers' tales\" literary subgenre."
}
] |
UyrB9YflhWX4P3DnihZ3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition and history",
"text": "Swift's friend Alexander Pope wrote a set of five Verses on Gulliver's Travels, which Swift liked so much that he added them to the second edition of the book, though they are rarely included."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and history | Faulkner's 1735 edition",
"text": "This letter now forms part of many standard texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and history",
"text": "It is known from Swift's correspondence that the composition proper began in 1720 with the mirror-themed Parts I and II written first, Part IV next in 1723 and Part III written in 1724; but amendments were made even while Swift was writing Drapier's Letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gulliver's Travels, or Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and history",
"text": "It is uncertain exactly when Swift started writing Gulliver's Travels. (Much of the writing was done at Loughry Manor in Cookstown, County Tyrone, whilst Swift stayed there.) Some sources suggest as early as 1713 when Swift, Gay, Pope, Arbuthnot and others formed the Scriblerus Club with the aim of satirising popular literary genres."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and history",
"text": "Compendiously Methodiz'd, the second by Edmund Curll who had similarly written a \"key\" to Swift's Tale of a Tub in 1705) were swiftly produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Comic misanthropy",
"text": "Misanthropy is a theme that scholars have identified in Gulliver's Travels."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "In this sense, Gulliver's Travels is a very modern and complex novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Each part is the reverse of the preceding part—Gulliver is big/small/wise/ignorant, the countries are complex/simple/scientific/natural, and the forms of government are worse/better/worse/better than Britain's."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Swift claimed that he wrote Gulliver's Travels \"to vex the world rather than divert it\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships is a 1726 prose satire by the Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift, satirising both human nature and the \"travellers' tales\" literary subgenre."
}
] |
Gulliver's Travels primary form is verse written in iambic feet.
| 0 | 0 |
Gulliver's Travels
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This harsh realism has led to Look Back in Anger being considered one of the first examples of kitchen sink drama in theatre."
}
] |
Uyw4v92LPhTHGCAPm3VN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Look Back in Anger (1956) is a realist play written by John Osborne."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "At the time of production reviews of Look Back in Anger were deeply negative."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "I'll Trade You a Car. \"Look Back in Anger\" is a song by British singer David Bowie from his 1979 album Lodger, however there is no connection to the play, only a shared title."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "\"Look Back in Anger\" is a song by British rock group Television Personalities from their first album ... And Don't the Kids"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This harsh realism has led to Look Back in Anger being considered one of the first examples of kitchen sink drama in theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne drew inspiration from his personal life and failing marriage with Pamela Lane while writing Look Back in Anger, which was his first successful outing as a playwright."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Written in 17 days in a deck chair on Morecambe Pier, Look Back in Anger was a strongly autobiographical piece based on Osborne's unhappy marriage to actress Pamela Lane and their life in cramped accommodation in Derby."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "He rants about the state of the country to his old friend Cliff, while his Alison irons, just as her mother had done in Look Back."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "This is a reference to the New Statesman, and in the context of the period would have instantly signalled the pair's political preference to the audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "On the other hand, Kenneth Tynan wrote that he \"could not love anyone who did not wish to see Look Back in Anger\", describing the play as a \"minor miracle\" containing \"all the qualities... one had despaired of ever seeing on the stage—the drift towards anarchy, the instinctive leftishness, the automatic rejection of \"official\" attitudes, the surrealist sense of humour (e.g., Jimmy describes an effeminate male friend as a 'female Emily Brontë'), the casual promiscuity, the sense of lacking a crusade worth fighting for and, underlying all these, the determination that no one who dies shall go unmourned.\" Harold Hobson was also quick to recognize the importance of the play \"as a landmark of British theatre\"."
}
] |
The play Look Back in Anger is a political farce.
| 0 | 0 |
Look Back in Anger
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Posture",
"text": "Shakespeare's Cassius in Julius Caesar (I, ii, 136–38) says of Caesar: Shakespeare alludes to the Colossus also in Troilus and Cressida (V.5) and in Henry IV, Part 1 (V.1)."
}
] |
UzZmcYT8kW3Sjg8K3sv2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Posture",
"text": "The harbour-straddling Colossus was a figment of medieval imaginations based on the dedication text's mention of \"over land and sea\" twice and the writings of an Italian visitor who in 1395 noted that local tradition held that the right foot had stood where the church of St John of the Colossus was then located."
},
{
"section_header": "Siege of Rhodes",
"text": "Construction was left to the direction of Chares, a native of Lindos in Rhodes, who had been involved with large-scale statues before."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Colossus of Rhodes (Ancient Greek: ὁ Κολοσσὸς Ῥόδιος, romanized: ho Kolossòs"
},
{
"section_header": "Siege of Rhodes",
"text": "In the late 4th century BC, Rhodes, allied with Ptolemy I of Egypt, prevented a mass invasion staged by their common enemy, Antigonus I Monophthalmus."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible locations",
"text": "Archaeologist Ursula Vedder postulates that the Colossus was not located in the harbour area at all, but rather was part of the Acropolis of Rhodes, which stood on a hill that overlooks the port area."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since 2008, a series of as-yet-unrealized proposals to build a new Colossus at Rhodes Harbour have been announced, although the actual location of the original monument remains in dispute."
},
{
"section_header": "Destruction",
"text": "The same story is recorded by Bar Hebraeus, writing in Syriac in the 13th century in Edessa: (after the Arab pillage of Rhodes) \" And a great number of men hauled on strong ropes which were tied round the brass Colossus which was in the city and pulled it down."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Colossus projects",
"text": "In 2008, The Guardian reported that a modern Colossus was to be built at the harbour entrance by German artist Gert Hof leading a Cologne-based team."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Colossus projects",
"text": "In December 2015, a group of European architects announced plans to build a modern Colossus bestriding two piers at the harbour entrance, despite a preponderance of evidence and scholarly opinion that the original monument could not have stood there."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "To you, O Sun, the people of Dorian Rhodes set up this bronze statue reaching to Olympus, when they had pacified the waves of war and crowned their city with the spoils taken from the enemy."
},
{
"section_header": "Posture",
"text": "Shakespeare's Cassius in Julius Caesar (I, ii, 136–38) says of Caesar: Shakespeare alludes to the Colossus also in Troilus and Cressida (V.5) and in Henry IV, Part 1 (V.1)."
}
] |
The Colossus of Rhodes is mentioned in a play by Christopher Marlowe.
| 0 | 0 |
Colossus of Rhodes
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919, when Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, killing at least 379 people and injuring over 1,000 other people."
}
] |
V02Yo12jmzEZ7kozOcMa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "The city police closed the fair at 14:00 that afternoon, resulting in a large number of people drifting into the Jallianwala Bagh."
},
{
"section_header": "Monument and legacy | Controversies",
"text": "It suggested that the death of 379 people was in some way inadequate to appall the royal conscience, in the way the death of 2,000 people would have."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919, when Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, killing at least 379 people and injuring over 1,000 other people."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "By mid-afternoon, thousands of Indians had gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh (garden) near the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "The Jallianwala Bagh was surrounded on all sides by houses and buildings and had only five narrow entrances, most kept permanently locked."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Assassination of Michael O'Dwyer",
"text": "Much of the press worldwide recalled the story of Jallianwala Bagh, and alleged O'Dwyer to have been responsible for the massacre."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "Apart from the many deaths directly from the shooting, a number of people died of crushing in the stampedes at the narrow gates or by jumping into the solitary well on the compound to escape the shooting."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "Meanwhile, local police had received intelligence of the planned meeting in the Jallianwala Bagh through word of mouth and plainclothes detectives in the crowds."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Hunter Commission",
"text": "Innocent people were in the crowd, and there had been no violence in the Bagh beforehand."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "At 12:40, Dyer was informed of the meeting and returned to his base at around 13:30 to decide how to handle it."
}
] |
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre lead to the death of around 500 people.
| 0 | 2 |
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914)",
"text": "He spent 21 years in South Africa, where he developed his political views, ethics and politics."
}
] |
V0axiciLEQM7RDbOMlpI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914)",
"text": "He spent 21 years in South Africa, where he developed his political views, ethics and politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914)",
"text": "He helped found the Natal Indian Congress in 1894, and through this organisation, he moulded the Indian community of South Africa into a unified political force."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and depictions in popular culture | Awards",
"text": "In 2011, Time magazine named Gandhi as one of the top 25 political icons of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Congress politics",
"text": "Gandhi returned to active politics again in 1936, with the Nehru presidency and the Lucknow session of the Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914) | Europeans, Indians and Africans",
"text": "He initially was not interested in politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914) | Europeans, Indians and Africans",
"text": "In the years after black South Africans gained the right to vote in South Africa (1994), Gandhi was proclaimed a national hero with numerous monuments."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Congress politics",
"text": "Gandhi also wanted to avoid being a target for Raj propaganda by leading a party that had temporarily accepted political accommodation with the Raj."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914) | Europeans, Indians and Africans",
"text": "He entered politics by forming the Natal Indian Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914)",
"text": "Gandhi and thirty-seven other Indians received the Queen's South Africa Medal."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914) | Europeans, Indians and Africans",
"text": "Gandhi focused his attention on Indians while in South Africa."
}
] |
Gandhi spent 25 years in South Africa where he developed his political views, ethics and politics.
| 3 | 7 |
Mahatma Gandhi
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "On 5 November 2019, the BBC listed Nineteen Eighty-Four on its list of the 100 most influential novels."
}
] |
V1xufLnKDIvP4zHEMhuz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "On 5 November 2019, the BBC listed Nineteen Eighty-Four on its list of the 100 most influential novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was placed on the Modern Library's 100 Best Novels, reaching No. 13 on the editors' list and No. 6 on the readers' list."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2003, the novel was listed at No. 8 on The Big Read survey by the BBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Those who fall out of favour with the Party become \"unpersons\", disappearing with all evidence of their existence removed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Time included it on its 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources for literary motifs",
"text": "The best known of these was Alexey Stakhanov, who purportedly set a record for coal mining in 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Thom Yorke states, “I was listening to a lot of political programs on BBC Radio 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources for literary motifs",
"text": "Winston Smith's job, \"revising history\" (and the \"unperson\" motif) are based on the Stalinist habit of airbrushing images of \"fallen\" people from group photographs and removing references to them in books and newspapers."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Airstrip One (formerly known as Great Britain) is a province of Oceania, one of the three totalitarian super-states that rule the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "A version of the production played on an Australian tour in 2017.Nineteen Eighty-Four was number three on the list of \"Top Check Outs OF All Time\" by the New York Public Library."
}
] |
It was on the BBC list of best novlels but it was removed in 2019.
| 3 | 4 |
Nineteen Eighty-Four
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Monteagle letter",
"text": "Suddenly a servant appeared saying he had been handed a letter for Lord Monteagle from a stranger in the road."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plot was revealed to the authorities in an anonymous letter sent to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, on 26 October 1605."
}
] |
V2HCxHc732xW9XmpuumI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "In the 2005 ITV programme The Gunpowder Plot: Exploding The Legend, a full-size replica of the House of Lords was built and destroyed with barrels of gunpowder, totalling 1 metric tonne of explosives."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "Even if only half of the gunpowder had gone off, which Fawkes was apparently prepared for, everyone in the House of Lords and its environs would have been killed instantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During a search of the House of Lords in the evening on 4 November 1605, Fawkes was discovered guarding 36 barrels of gunpowder—enough to reduce the House of Lords to rubble—and arrested."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "Calculations showed that Fawkes, who was skilled in the use of gunpowder, had deployed double the amount needed."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "The programme also disproved claims that some deterioration in the quality of the gunpowder would have prevented the explosion."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "In a test detonation of all 12 kilograms (26 lb) of period-accurate gunpowder available in the UK inside the same size of barrel Fawkes had used, the experts for the project were surprised at how much more powerful an effect that compression had in creating an explosion."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Monteagle letter",
"text": "Suddenly a servant appeared saying he had been handed a letter for Lord Monteagle from a stranger in the road."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "The experiment was conducted on the Advantica-owned Spadeadam test site and demonstrated that the explosion, if the gunpowder was in good order, would have killed all those in the building."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "The power of the explosion was such that of the 7-foot (2.1 m) deep concrete walls making up the undercroft (replicating how archives suggest the walls of the old House of Lords were constructed), the end wall where the barrels were placed by, under the throne, was reduced to rubble, and the adjacent surviving portions of wall were shoved away."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "A portion of deliberately deteriorated gunpowder, of such low quality as to make it unusable in firearms, when placed in a heap and ignited, still managed to create a large explosion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plot was revealed to the authorities in an anonymous letter sent to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, on 26 October 1605."
}
] |
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 to use explosives in the House of Lords was intercepted because of a whistle blower's nameless letter.
| 0 | 0 |
Gunpowder Plot
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology",
"text": "The word ester was coined in 1848 by a German chemist Leopold Gmelin, probably as a contraction of the German Essigäther, \"acetic ether\"."
}
] |
V2WWIEh0GR6BaFIKMg4d
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "Esters can also be derived from inorganic acids."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology",
"text": "The word ester was coined in 1848 by a German chemist Leopold Gmelin, probably as a contraction of the German Essigäther, \"acetic ether\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Usually, esters are derived from substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol."
},
{
"section_header": "Preparation",
"text": "Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | IUPAC nomenclature",
"text": "Ester names are derived from the parent alcohol and the parent acid, where the latter may be organic or inorganic."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | IUPAC nomenclature",
"text": "Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or an inorganic acid."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | IUPAC nomenclature",
"text": "The chemical formulas of organic esters usually take the form RCO2R′, where R and R′ are the hydrocarbon parts of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions | Reduction",
"text": "Especially for fine chemical syntheses, lithium aluminium hydride is used to reduce esters to two primary alcohols."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions | Hydrolysis and saponification",
"text": "Sources of carbon nucleophiles, e.g., Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds, add readily to the carbonyl."
}
] |
Ester was first coined by French scientist Jacques Francois and is a chemical compound derived from an acid.
| 0 | 0 |
Ester
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Broadcasting",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Hoyt went into broadcasting."
}
] |
V2nzUIrqwTMvmQh3gUtJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Additional/concurrent careers",
"text": "In addition to the \"Schoolboy\" moniker appearing on his Hall of Fame plaque, Hoyt was also known as \"The Merry Mortician\", for when he was not playing baseball, he spent days working as a funeral director and nights appearing in vaudeville."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Broadcasting",
"text": "1961 was the only World Series during his tenure, leading Hoyt to call himself \"a bad news broadcaster.\" Hoyt became known for entertaining radio audiences during rain delays, sharing anecdotes and telling vivid stories from his days as a player; a selection of these stories is collected on two record albums: The Best of Waite Hoyt in the Rain, and Waite Hoyt Talks Babe Ruth."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Broadcasting",
"text": "He became as much a celebrity with the Reds as he was while a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Waite Charles Hoyt (September 9, 1899 – August 25, 1984) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball, one of the dominant pitchers of the 1920s, and the most successful pitcher for the New York Yankees during that decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Hoyt's wife of 50 years, Ellen Burbank Hoyt, predeceased him on November 23, 1982. (Ellen Hoyt was actually his second wife -- his marriage to his first wife, Dorothy, in 1922, had ended in divorce ten years later.)An eternal optimist, Hoyt married his third wife, Betty Derie on March 5, 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Broadcasting",
"text": "After two years, he became the play-by-play voice of the Cincinnati Reds, a post he held for 24 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Baseball",
"text": "Hoyt finished his career with a win-loss record of 237–182 and an ERA of 3.59."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Baseball",
"text": "Hoyt soon returned to the majors, this time with the Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Baseball",
"text": "After a brief stint with the Giants, McGraw sent Hoyt to the minors for refinement and experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Baseball",
"text": "Hoyt had a total of 36 Major League teammates who would later be elected to the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Broadcasting",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Hoyt went into broadcasting."
}
] |
Waite Hoyt became a full-time funeral director after his baseball career ended.
| 0 | 0 |
Waite Hoyt
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of April 2019, Hitachi operates ten business segments, ranging from IT, including AI and big data, to Construction Machinery."
}
] |
V36WSJdRdYhsDwqOBGzh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "On March 14, 2018, Zoomdata announced its partnership with Hitachi INS Software to help develop big data analytics market in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | Hitachi Vantara",
"text": "The company name \"Hitachi Data Systems\" (HDS) and its logo is no longer used in the market."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | Hitachi Vantara",
"text": "Hitachi Vantara is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hitachi which provides hardware, software and services to help companies manage their digital data."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | Hitachi Vantara | Other subsidiaries",
"text": "Hitachi Communication Technologies America - Providing communications products and services for the telecommunications, cable TV, utility, enterprise, industrial and other markets."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | Hitachi Vantara | Hitachi Rail",
"text": "Hitachi markets a general-purpose train known as the \"A-train\", which uses double-skin, friction-stir-welded aluminium body construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | Hitachi Vantara | Other subsidiaries",
"text": "Hitachi Automotive Systems GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (co-owned by General Electric) Hitachi Global Life Solutions - Manufacturing home appliances, air conditioners."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In November 2012, Hitachi and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries agreed to merge their thermal power generation businesses into a joint venture to be owned 65% by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and 35% by Hitachi."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company began as an in-house venture of Fusanosuke Kuhara's mining company in Hitachi, Ibaraki."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the parent company of the Hitachi Group (Hitachi Gurūpu) and formed part of the Nissan zaibatsu and later DKB Group of companies before DKB merged into the Mizuho Financial Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | Hitachi Vantara | Hitachi Rail",
"text": "The purchase was completed later that year, at which point the company was renamed as Hitachi Rail Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of April 2019, Hitachi operates ten business segments, ranging from IT, including AI and big data, to Construction Machinery."
}
] |
Hitachi owns companies in almost a dozen different market sectors.
| 0 | 0 |
Hitachi
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live."
}
] |
V40r8qIfWaIJxLHoD27M
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He sits up to \"... look down in the valley.\" He then reflects: \"How green was my Valley that day, too, green and bright in the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The phrase is used again in the novel's last sentence: \"How green was my Valley then, and the Valley of them that have gone.\" In the United States, Llewellyn won the National Book Award for favourite novel of 1940, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is available on DVD from 20th Century Fox as part of their 20th Century Fox Studio Classics collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Directed by John Ford, How Green Was My Valley was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "Down Where the Moon is Small (1966) – Huw's life in Argentina Green, Green"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The author had claimed that he based the book on his own personal experiences"
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "My Valley Now (1975) – Huw returns to Wales"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The book has twice been adapted by the BBC for television, in 1960 and 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The music was by John Morris; book and lyrics were by Gerald Freedman and John Morris."
}
] |
How Green Was My Valley is a book from the late 1930's.
| 1 | 3 |
How Green Was My Valley
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Belgium",
"text": "After World War II, a general strike forced King Leopold III to abdicate in 1951, since many Belgians felt he had collaborated with Germany during the war."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Belgium",
"text": "From September 1944 to February 1945 the Allies liberated Belgium."
}
] |
V57cEeBn4FkcUSRptZLk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-independent Belgium",
"text": "This was the theatre of several more protracted conflicts during much of the 17th and 18th centuries involving France, including the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678), the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), and part of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748)."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Locus of policy jurisdiction",
"text": "Each level of government can be involved in scientific research and international relations associated with its powers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Belgium",
"text": "The opening months of the war were known as the Rape of Belgium due to German excesses."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Belgium",
"text": "Belgium assumed control of the German colonies of Ruanda-Urundi (modern-day Rwanda and Burundi) during the war, and in 1924 the League of Nations mandated them to Belgium."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Belgium",
"text": "After World War II, a general strike forced King Leopold III to abdicate in 1951, since many Belgians felt he had collaborated with Germany during the war."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Belgium",
"text": "Germany invaded Belgium in August 1914 as part of the Schlieffen Plan to attack France, and much of the Western Front fighting of World War"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Belgium",
"text": "In the aftermath of the First World War, Belgium annexed the Prussian districts of Eupen and Malmedy in 1925, thereby causing the presence of a German-speaking minority."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Unemployment in Wallonia is more than double that of Flanders, which boomed after the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its modern name is derived from the Latin word Belgium, used in Julius Caesar's \"Gallic War\", to describe the region in the period around 55 BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Armed forces",
"text": "However, the integration of the armed forces into NATO did not begin until after the Korean War."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Belgium",
"text": "From September 1944 to February 1945 the Allies liberated Belgium."
}
] |
Belgium has not been involved in any wars since WWI.
| 2 | 3 |
Belgium
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modern: Darəyaveš, Tiberian: Dārǝyāweš; c. 550–486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was the third Persian King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE."
}
] |
V5EmIJw0LpS7YYiG9TDG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "In the foundation tablets of Apadana Palace, Darius described in Old Persian cuneiform the extent of his Empire in broad geographical terms: Darius the great king, king of kings, king of countries, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenid."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "A inscription on his tomb introduces him as \"Great King, King of Kings, King of countries containing all kinds of men, King in this great earth far and wide, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian, a Persian, son of a Persian, an Aryan [Iranian], having Aryan lineage."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "Herodotus, a Greek historian and author of The Histories, provided an account of many Persian kings and the Greco-Persian Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modern: Darəyaveš, Tiberian: Dārǝyāweš; c. 550–486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was the third Persian King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Organization",
"text": "Before this, the accomplishments of the king were addressed in Persian solely through narration and hymns and through the \"masters of memory\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign | Elimination of Intaphernes",
"text": "They denied and disavowed any connection with Intaphernes's actions, stating that they stood by their decision to appoint Darius as King of Kings."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "King Darius says: This is the kingdom which I hold, from the Sacae who are beyond Sogdia to Kush, and from Sind (Old Persian: 𐏃𐎡𐎭𐎢𐎺, \"Hidauv\", locative of \"Hiduš\", i.e. \"Indus valley\") to Lydia (Old Persian: \"Spardâ\") – [this is] what Ahuramazda, the greatest of gods, bestowed upon me."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Persian invasion of Greece",
"text": "To improve Greek-Persian relations, Darius opened his court and treasuries to those Greeks who wanted to serve him."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Persian invasion of Greece",
"text": "At the same time, anti-Persian parties gained more power in Athens, and pro-Persian aristocrats were exiled from Athens and Sparta."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Economy",
"text": "Only the king could mint gold darics."
}
] |
Darius I was a Persian King.
| 0 | 0 |
Darius I
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Government | Alcohol laws",
"text": "Alcohol sale and consumption, though legal, is tightly regulated."
}
] |
V5jR2F9Pvbw4cdPjt6jp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dubai ( doo-BY; Arabic: دبي, romanized: Dubayy [dʊˈbajj], Gulf Arabic pronunciation: [dəˈbaj]) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Alcohol laws",
"text": "Alcohol sale and consumption, though legal, is tightly regulated."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Alcohol laws",
"text": "Adult non-Muslims are allowed to consume alcohol in licensed venues, typically within hotels, or at home with the possession of an alcohol licence."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity and languages",
"text": "Arabic is the national and official language of the United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism and retail",
"text": "The crucial policy shift came as the United Arab Emirates witnessed severe economic crisis that led to a drop in alcohol sales by volume in a decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "The school system in Dubai follows that of the United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates provides for freedom of religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Law enforcement",
"text": "Dubai and Ras al Khaimah are the only emirates that do not conform to the federal judicial system of the United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Dubai is situated on the Persian Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates and is roughly at sea level (16 m or 52 ft above)."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Major holidays in Dubai include Eid al Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, and National Day (2 December), which marks the formation of the United Arab Emirates."
}
] |
Dubai is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates and consumption of alcohol is not allowed.
| 0 | 0 |
Dubai
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In evolutionary ecology, parasitism is a symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life."
}
] |
V6GJhclg6k7KkVQzcyrb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Variations | Sexual parasitism",
"text": "The female nourishes the male and protects him from predators, while the male gives nothing back except the sperm that the female needs to produce the next generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Host defences | Plants",
"text": "Specific responses involve recognition of a parasite by the plant's cellular receptors, leading to a strong but localised response: defensive chemicals are produced around the area where the parasite was detected, blocking its spread, and avoiding wasting defensive production where it is not needed."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomic range | Plants",
"text": "They have much reduced roots, as they do not need to absorb water from the soil; their stems are slender with few vascular bundles, and their leaves are reduced to small scales, as they do not photosynthesize."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Modifying host behaviour",
"text": "Some parasites modify host behaviour in order to increase their transmission between hosts, often in relation to predator and prey (parasite increased trophic transmission)."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Modifying host behaviour",
"text": "The malaria parasite modifies the skin odour of its human hosts, increasing their attractiveness to mosquitoes and hence improving the chance that the parasite will be transmitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Variations | Brood parasitism",
"text": "The eggs of some brood parasites mimic those of their hosts, while some cowbird eggs have tough shells, making them hard for the hosts to kill by piercing, both mechanisms implying selection by the hosts against parasitic eggs."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Host defences",
"text": "Hosts have evolved a variety of defensive measures against their parasites, including physical barriers like the skin of vertebrates, the immune system of mammals, insects actively removing parasites, and defensive chemicals in plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Variations | Brood parasitism",
"text": "In brood parasitism, the hosts act as parents as they raise the young as their own."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Host defences | Vertebrates",
"text": "On the other hand, larger parasites such as trematodes detect chemicals produced by the skin to locate their hosts when they enter the water."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Major strategies | Parasitic castrators",
"text": "Parasitic castrators partly or completely destroy their host's ability to reproduce, diverting the energy that would have gone into reproduction into host and parasite growth, sometimes causing gigantism in the host."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In evolutionary ecology, parasitism is a symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life."
}
] |
A parasite does not need a host.
| 4 | 7 |
Parasite
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His sister and both his legitimate sons, Xanthippus and Paralus, died during an epidemic of plague."
}
] |
V6JS8tzDXaPQNLfTQnRR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He, along with several members of his family, succumbed to the Plague of Athens in 429 BC, which weakened the city-state during a protracted conflict with Sparta."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His sister and both his legitimate sons, Xanthippus and Paralus, died during an epidemic of plague."
},
{
"section_header": "Peloponnesian War | Last military operations and death",
"text": "In that year, however, Pericles witnessed the death of both his legitimate sons from his first wife, Paralus and Xanthippus, in the epidemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Pericles' mother, Agariste, was a member of the powerful and controversial noble family of the Alcmaeonidae, and her familial connections played a crucial role in helping start Xanthippus' political career."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Pericles, following Athenian custom, was first married to one of his closest relatives, with whom he had two sons, Paralus and Xanthippus, but around 445 BC, Pericles divorced his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The period during which he led Athens, roughly from 461 to 429 BC, is sometimes known as the \"Age of Pericles\", but the period thus denoted can include times as early as the Persian Wars or as late as the next century."
},
{
"section_header": "Peloponnesian War | Prelude to the war",
"text": "After consultations with its allies, Sparta sent a deputation to Athens demanding certain concessions, such as the immediate expulsion of the Alcmaeonidae family including Pericles and the retraction of the Megarian Decree, threatening war if the demands were not met."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | First Peloponnesian War",
"text": "Pericles may have realized the importance of Cimon's contribution during the ongoing conflicts against the Peloponnesians and the Persians."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "This relationship aroused many reactions and even Pericles' own son, Xanthippus, who had political ambitions, did not hesitate to slander his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He was the son of the politician Xanthippus, who, though ostracized in 485–484 BC, returned to Athens to command the Athenian contingent in the Greek victory at Mycale just five years later."
}
] |
Pericles along with several members of his family including his sister and both his illegitimate sons, Xanthippus and Paralus, succumbed to the Plague of Athens in 429 BC, which weakened the city-state during a protracted conflict with Sparta.
| 0 | 0 |
Pericles
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Poetic structure",
"text": "Poe based the structure of \"The Raven\" on the complicated rhyme and rhythm of Elizabeth Barrett's poem \"Lady Geraldine's Courtship\"."
}
] |
V6nac2XibapSFELtvmrK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Elizabeth Barrett wrote to Poe, \"Your 'Raven' has produced a sensation, a fit o' horror, here in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Beyond the poetics of it, the lost Lenore may have been inspired by events in Poe's own life as well, either to the early loss of his mother, Eliza Poe, or the long illness endured by his wife, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Raven\" is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Even the term \"Nevermore\", he says, is used because of the effect created by the long vowel sounds (though Poe may have been inspired to use the word by the works of Lord Byron or Henry Wadsworth Longfellow)."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "\"The Philosophy of Composition\" (1846), in which he detailed the poem's creation."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "In part due to its dual printing, \"The Raven\" made Edgar Allan Poe a household name almost immediately, and turned Poe into a national celebrity."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Poetic structure",
"text": "Poe based the structure of \"The Raven\" on the complicated rhyme and rhythm of Elizabeth Barrett's poem \"Lady Geraldine's Courtship\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Poe borrows the complex rhythm and meter of Elizabeth Barrett's poem \"Lady Geraldine's Courtship\", and makes use of internal rhyme as well as alliteration throughout."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Illustrators",
"text": "Notably, in 1858 \"The Raven\" appeared in a British Poe anthology with illustrations by John Tenniel, the Alice in Wonderland illustrator (The Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe: With Original Memoir, London: Sampson Low)."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Poe capitalized on the success of \"The Raven\" by following it up with his essay"
}
] |
Poetess Elizabeth Barrett was an inspiration for Edgar Allen Poe in his composition of "The Raven."
| 1 | 2 |
The Raven
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pursuits",
"text": "Nero studied poetry, music, painting and sculpture."
}
] |
V6t7KSPwHSNVUjNY5W7c
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He made public appearances as an actor, poet, musician, and charioteer."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Later years",
"text": "As a result, the conspiracy failed and its members were executed including Lucan, the poet."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "LucanAlthough more of a poet than historian, Lucanus (c. 39–65) has one of the kindest accounts of Nero's rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "Failed conspiracy against Nero led to tragic death of 26 year old Great Roman poet Lucan and his famous uncle Seneca, executed by Nero order."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "Otho used \"Nero\" as a surname and reerected many statues to Nero."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "Vitellius overthrew Otho. Vitellius began his reign with a large funeral for Nero complete with songs written by Nero."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "It was said that the common Roman hailed Otho as Nero himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "This belief came to be known as the Nero Redivivus Legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "Members of the military were said to have mixed feelings, as they had allegiance to Nero, but had been bribed to overthrow him."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "According to Suetonius and Cassius Dio, the people of Rome celebrated the death of Nero."
},
{
"section_header": "Pursuits",
"text": "Nero studied poetry, music, painting and sculpture."
}
] |
Nero was a poet, musician, painter, and sculptor.
| 1 | 4 |
Nero
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Color Purple is a 1982 epistolary novel by American author Alice Walker which won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction."
}
] |
V7VAJeGE3BkuQnYkNpkf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "On November 5, 2019, the BBC News listed The Color Purple on its list of the 100 most influential novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The Color Purple won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1983, making Walker the first black woman to win the prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Color Purple is a 1982 epistolary novel by American author Alice Walker which won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction."
}
] |
The Color Purple is a song by Bob Marley.
| 0 | 0 |
The Color Purple
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism."
}
] |
V7Yj6MBsJbNePXTVtAWs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Four Vedas | Atharvaveda",
"text": "The Samhita layer of the text likely represents a developing 2nd millennium BCE tradition of magico-religious rites to address superstitious anxiety, spells to remove maladies believed to be caused by demons, and herbs-"
},
{
"section_header": "Vedic texts | Śruti and smriti",
"text": "Vedas are śruti \"what is heard\"), distinguishing them from other religious texts, which are called smṛti (\"what is remembered\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vedas are śruti (\"what is heard\"), distinguishing them from other religious texts, which are called smṛti (\"what is remembered\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Vedic texts | Vedic Sanskrit corpus",
"text": "In some contexts, the term Veda is used to refer only to these Samhitas, the collection of mantras."
},
{
"section_header": "Vedic schools or recensions",
"text": "Some texts were revised into the modern era, raising significant debate on parts of the text which are believed to have been corrupted at a later date."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vedas (; Sanskrit: वेदः vedaḥ, \"knowledge\") are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India."
},
{
"section_header": "Vedic texts | Śruti and smriti",
"text": "This indigenous system of categorization was adopted by Max Müller and, while it is subject to some debate, it is still widely used."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Transmission",
"text": "\" The Vedas were preserved with precision with the help of elaborate mnemonic techniques, such as memorizing the texts in eleven different modes of recitation (pathas), using the alphabet as a mnemotechnical device, \"matching physical movements (such as nodding the head) with particular sounds and chanting in a group\" and visualizing sounds by using mudras (hand signs)."
},
{
"section_header": "Authority of the Vedas",
"text": "Though many religious Hindus implicitly acknowledge the authority of the Vedas, this acknowledgment is often \"no more than a declaration that someone considers himself [or herself] a Hindu,\" and \"most Indians today pay lip service to the Veda and have no regard for the contents of the text."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and usage",
"text": "In some parts of south India (e.g. the Iyengar communities), the word veda is used in the Tamil writings of the Alvar saints."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism."
}
] |
Vedas are religious texts that are used by non-Islamic believers.
| 1 | 5 |
Vedas
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact."
}
] |
V85se4IZifV2KRgxG8V7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering present-day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by limestone casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure."
},
{
"section_header": "Pyramid complex",
"text": "A notable construction flanking the Giza pyramid complex is a cyclopean stone wall, the Wall of the Crow."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Casing stones",
"text": "Many more casing stones were removed from the great pyramids by Muhammad Ali Pasha in the early 19th century to build the upper portion of his Alabaster Mosque in Cairo, not far from Giza."
},
{
"section_header": "Looting",
"text": "Edwards suggested that the pyramid was entered by robbers after the end of the Old Kingdom and sealed and then reopened more than once until Strabo's door was added."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially standing at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years until Lincoln Cathedral was finished in 1311 AD."
},
{
"section_header": "Pyramid complex",
"text": "The Great Pyramid is surrounded by a complex of several buildings including small pyramids."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The so-called Queen's Chamber and King's Chamber are higher up within the pyramid structure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Casing stones",
"text": "These limestone casings can still be seen as parts of these structures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact."
}
] |
The Great Pyramid of Giza is an old structure.
| 0 | 0 |
Great Pyramid of Giza
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "Borg was recognized for her accomplishments as a computer scientist, as well as for her work on behalf of women in computing."
}
] |
V8lrlSn0Sa2mhNrfyAcJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anita Borg (January 17, 1949 – April 6, 2003) was an American computer scientist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "Since its foundation, the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology has increased its programs in the United States and expanded internationally, more than quadrupling in size."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "Borg was recognized for her accomplishments as a computer scientist, as well as for her work on behalf of women in computing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing",
"text": "In 1994, Anita Borg and Telle Whitney founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing",
"text": "With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "The UNSW School of Computer Science and Engineering offers the Anita Borg Prize, named in her honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "In 1997, Borg founded the Institute for Women and Technology (now the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology)."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Borg was born Anita Borg Naffz in Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "When founded, the Institute was housed at Xerox PARC, although it was an independent nonprofit organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "In 2003, the Institute for Women and Technology was renamed to the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, in honor of Borg."
}
] |
Although Anita Borg was a successful and talented, female computer scientist, she's been criticized for not doing more to promote women in the tech industry.
| 5 | 7 |
Anita Borg
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Free Soil Party was a short-lived coalition political party in the United States active from 1848 to 1854, when it merged into the Republican Party."
}
] |
V8oJYB9NWGzdBop3hVpe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Free Soilers in the Republican Party",
"text": "The Free Soil Party essentially merged into the Republican Party after 1854."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Free Soil Party was a short-lived coalition political party in the United States active from 1848 to 1854, when it merged into the Republican Party."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Free Soil Party | Election of 1848",
"text": "A faction of the Liberty Party led by Salmon P. Chase agreed to attend the convention, though another faction of the party, led by Gerrit Smith, refused to consider merging with another party."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Free Soil Party | Election of 1848",
"text": "\"With mix of Democratic, Whig, and Liberty Party attendees, the National Free Soil Convention convened in Buffalo early August."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Free Soil Party | Election of 1848",
"text": "Historian A. James Reichley writes that, while resentment stemming from his defeat at the 1844 Democratic National Convention may have played a role in his candidacy, Van Buren ran on the grounds that \"the long-term welfare of [the Democratic Party], and the nation, required that the [Democratic Party] shed its Calhounite influence, even at the cost of losing an election or two."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Free Soil Party | Wilmot Proviso",
"text": "In New York, tensions between the anti-slavery Barnburner and the conservative Hunker factions of the Democratic Party rose, as the Hunkers allied with the Whigs to defeat the re-election campaign of Democratic Governor Silas Wright."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the Whig Party and the Democratic Party nominated presidential candidates who were unwilling to rule out the extension of slavery into the Mexican Cession, anti-slavery Democrats and Whigs joined with members of the abolitionist Liberty Party to form the new Free Soil Party."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1852 presidential election",
"text": "In the aftermath of the decisive defeat of the Whigs, many Free Soil leaders predicted an impending realignment that would result in the formation of a larger anti-slavery party that would unite Free Soilers, Whigs, and Democrats."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though Van Buren and many other Free Soil supporters rejoined the Democrats or the Whigs immediately after the 1848 election, Free Soilers retained a presence in Congress over the next six years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Free Soil Party | Election of 1848",
"text": "Meanwhile, Barnburners convened in Utica, New York on June 22; they were joined by a smaller number of Whigs and Democrats from outside New York."
}
] |
The Free Soil Party did not merge with the democratic party.
| 0 | 3 |
Free Soil Party
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was one of eleven children born to poor tenant farmers John and Ethel (née Stanley) Wilhelm in Huntersville, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972."
}
] |
V8y44faDUeuRZs32x9V8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played baseball at Cornelius High School in Cornelius, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was the oldest player in Major League Baseball for each of his final seven seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "He pitched 111 innings, finishing with a 12–4 record and a 2.10 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "He finished the 1956 season with a 4–9 record and a 3.83 ERA in 89 1⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Later career",
"text": "Wilhelm retired with the lowest career earned run average of any major league hurler after 1927 (Walter Johnson) who had pitched more than 2,000 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "He pitched 2 1⁄3 innings over two games, earning a save in the third game."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "After Wilhelm failed to garner enough votes for induction in 1983, sportswriter Jim Murray criticized the voters, saying that while Wilhelm never had the look of a baseball player, he was \"the best player in history at what he does.\" He fell short by 13 votes in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Giants manager Leo Durocher did not think that Wilhelm's knuckleball approach would be effective for more than a few innings at a time."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Wilhelm's ERA increased to 3.93 over 59 games and 103 innings pitched in 1955, but he managed a 4–1 record."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Later career",
"text": "Wilhelm started six of those games and registered a 3.89 ERA.Wilhelm pitched in 16 games for the Dodgers in 1972, registering a 4.62 ERA over 25 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was one of eleven children born to poor tenant farmers John and Ethel (née Stanley) Wilhelm in Huntersville, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972."
}
] |
Hoyt Wilhelm was a baseball player in the Majors whose birthplace is in the Carolinas.
| 0 | 3 |
Hoyt Wilhelm
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and the European mainland."
}
] |
V9HPhf6YMio5uu6XTrXw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and the European mainland."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Initiation of project",
"text": "Euroroute, a 21 km (13 mi) tunnel between artificial islands approached by bridges."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Rolling stock | International passenger",
"text": "Thirty-one Eurostar trains, based on the French TGV, built to UK loading gauge with many modifications for safety within the tunnel, were commissioned, with ownership split between British Rail, French national railways (SNCF) and Belgian national railways (SNCB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Initiation of project",
"text": "In 1975 there was no campaign protesting against a fixed link, with one of the largest ferry operators (Sealink) being state-owned."
},
{
"section_header": "Illegal immigration | Diplomatic efforts",
"text": "In 2002, after the European Commission told France that it was in breach of European Union rules on the free transfer of goods because of the delays and closures as a result of its poor security, a double fence was built at a cost of £5 million, reducing the numbers of migrants detected each week reaching Britain on goods trains from 250 to almost none."
},
{
"section_header": "Illegal immigration | Illegal attempts to cross and deaths",
"text": "Migrants take great risks to evade security precautions."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Arrangement",
"text": "The two partnerships were linked by a bi-national project organisation called TransManche Link (TML)."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering",
"text": "However, environmental objections were raised over a high-speed link to London."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "The objective was to construct two 7.6-metre-diameter (25 ft) rail tunnels, 30 metres (98 ft) apart, 50 kilometres (31 mi) in length; a 4.8-metre-diameter (16 ft) service tunnel between the two main ones; pairs of 3.3-metre-diameter (11 ft) cross-passages linking the rail tunnels to the service one at 375-metre (1,230 ft) spacing; piston relief ducts 2 metres (7 ft) in diameter connecting the rail tunnels 250 metres (820 ft) apart; two undersea crossover caverns to connect the rail tunnels, with the service tunnel always preceding the main ones by at least 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) to ascertain the ground conditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering",
"text": "Between the portals at Beussingue and Castle Hill"
}
] |
It is one of the many links between the island of Great Britain and the European mainland.
| 2 | 2 |
Channel Tunnel
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historic photographs and paintings | Mathew Brady's gallery, \"The Dead of Antietam\" (1862)",
"text": "On September 19, 1862, two days after the Battle of Antietam, Mathew Brady sent photographer Alexander Gardner and his assistant James Gibson to photograph the carnage."
}
] |
V9HpvKShzQjMPfFEpoEk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | Afternoon phase | \"Burnside's Bridge\"",
"text": "The Connecticut men had been in service for only three weeks, and their line disintegrated with 185 casualties."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Afternoon phase | \"Burnside's Bridge\"",
"text": "\"The third attempt to take the bridge was at 12:30 p.m. by Sturgis's other brigade, commanded by Brig."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: Maryland Campaign",
"text": "Emboldened by success, the Confederate leadership intended to take the war into enemy territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: Maryland Campaign",
"text": "Civilians generally hid inside their houses as Lee's army passed through their towns, or watched in cold silence, while the Army of the Potomac was cheered and encouraged."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Overall, both sides lost a combined total of 22,720 casualties in a single day, almost the same amount as the number of losses that had shocked the nation at the 2-day Battle of Shiloh five months earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Part of the Maryland Campaign, it was the first field army–level engagement in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War to take place on Union soil."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: Maryland Campaign",
"text": "McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and reposition his forces, thus squandering an opportunity to defeat Lee decisively."
},
{
"section_header": "Historic photographs and paintings | Captain James Hope murals",
"text": "\"We would scarce choose to be in the gallery, when one of the women bending over them should recognize a husband, a son, or a brother in the still, lifeless lines of bodies, that lie ready for the gaping trenches.\" Captain James Hope of the 2nd Vermont Infantry, a professional artist, painted five large murals based on battlefield scenes he had sketched during the Battle of Antietam."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Terrain and its consequences",
"text": "This is why the battle progressed the next day as essentially three separate, mostly uncoordinated battles: morning in the northern end of the battlefield, midday in the center, and afternoon in the south."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Afternoon phase | \"Burnside's Bridge\"",
"text": "It would become known to history as Burnside's Bridge because of the notoriety of the coming battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Historic photographs and paintings | Mathew Brady's gallery, \"The Dead of Antietam\" (1862)",
"text": "On September 19, 1862, two days after the Battle of Antietam, Mathew Brady sent photographer Alexander Gardner and his assistant James Gibson to photograph the carnage."
}
] |
Taking snapshots were prohibited for weeks after the battle because the sheer amount of bodies was deemed too distressing to the morals of civilians.
| 0 | 2 |
Battle of Antietam
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "From the end of 1813 to mid-1814 he was in Milan creating two new operas for La Scala, Aureliano in Palmira and Il Turco in Italia."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "Rossini's first operas for Naples, Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra and La gazzetta were both largely recycled from earlier works, but Otello (1816) is marked not only by its virtuoso vocal lines but by its masterfully integrated last act, with its drama underlined by melody, orchestration and tonal colour; here, in Gossett's opinion \"Rossini came of age as a dramatic artist.\" He further comments: The growth of Rossini's style from Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra to Zelmira and, ultimately, Semiramide, is a direct consequence of th[e]"
}
] |
V9XRU7kHPPXKVLIzboPo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Early works",
"text": "The unusual effect employed in the overture of Il signor Bruschino, (1813) deploying violin bows tapping rhythms on music stands, is an example of such witty originality."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\"",
"text": "The composer often transferred a successful overture to subsequent operas: thus the overture to La pietra del paragone was later used for the opera seria Tancredi (1813), and (in the other direction) the overture to Aureliano in Palmira (1813) ended as (and is today known as) the overture to the comedy Il barbiere di Siviglia (The Barber of Seville)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Naples and Il barbiere: 1815–1820",
"text": "The musical establishment of Naples was not immediately welcoming to Rossini, who was seen as an intruder into its cherished operatic traditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "Rossini's work in Naples contributed to this stylistic development."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Naples and Il barbiere: 1815–1820",
"text": "Rossini had heard her sing in Bologna in 1807, and when he moved to Naples he wrote a succession of important roles for her in opere serie."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "The great success in Venice of the premieres of both Tancredi and the comic opera L'italiana in Algeri within a few weeks of each other (6 February 1813 and 22 May 1813 respectively) set the seal on Rossini's reputation as the rising opera composer of his generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Naples and Il barbiere: 1815–1820",
"text": "The Rossini scholars Philip Gossett and Patricia Brauner write, \"It is as if Rossini wished to present himself to the Neapolitan public by offering a selection of the best music from operas unlikely to be revived in Naples."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "From the end of 1813 to mid-1814 he was in Milan creating two new operas for La Scala, Aureliano in Palmira and Il Turco in Italia."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Naples and Il barbiere: 1815–1820",
"text": "Rossini's first work for the San Carlo, Elisabetta"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Naples and Il barbiere: 1815–1820",
"text": "Between 1815 and 1822 he composed eighteen more operas: nine for Naples and nine for opera houses in other cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "Rossini's first operas for Naples, Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra and La gazzetta were both largely recycled from earlier works, but Otello (1816) is marked not only by its virtuoso vocal lines but by its masterfully integrated last act, with its drama underlined by melody, orchestration and tonal colour; here, in Gossett's opinion \"Rossini came of age as a dramatic artist.\" He further comments: The growth of Rossini's style from Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra to Zelmira and, ultimately, Semiramide, is a direct consequence of th[e]"
}
] |
Rossini worked in Naples in 1813.
| 0 | 5 |
Gioachino Rossini
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atlanta, a \"beta(+)\" global city, is both the state's capital and its largest city."
}
] |
V9bPg8gukwYyBrALLVLE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Major cities",
"text": "Macon joined Columbus, Augusta, Athens, Cusseta and Georgetown as consolidated city-county governments in Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atlanta, a \"beta(+)\" global city, is both the state's capital and its largest city."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Major cities",
"text": "Atlanta, located in north-central Georgia at the Eastern Continental Divide, has been Georgia's capital city since 1868."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Local government",
"text": "All of Georgia's second-tier cities except Savannah have now formed consolidated city-county governments by referendum: Columbus (in 1970), Athens (1990), Augusta (1995), and Macon (2012). (Augusta and Athens have excluded one or more small, incorporated towns within their consolidated boundaries; Columbus and Macon eventually absorbed all smaller incorporated entities within their consolidated boundaries.) The small town of Cusseta adopted a consolidated city-county government after it merged with unincorporated Chattahoochee County in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Logistics",
"text": "The Port of Savannah's Garden City Terminal is the largest single container terminal in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Major cities",
"text": "Atlanta is the nation's ninth largest metropolitan area."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Local government",
"text": "Georgia's Constitution provides all counties and cities with \"home rule\" authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Major cities",
"text": "It is the most populous city in Georgia, with an estimated 2019 population of just over 506,000.The Atlanta metropolitan area is the cultural and economic center of the Southeast; its estimated population in 2019 was over 6 million, or 57% of Georgia's total."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Major cities",
"text": "The population of the Atlanta metropolitan area added 1.23 million people (24 percent) between 2000 and 2010, and Atlanta rose in rank from the eleventh-largest metropolitan area in the United States to the ninth-largest."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Georgia is home to the largest Hindu temple in the United States, the BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Atlanta, located in the suburb city of Lilburn."
}
] |
Georgia's largest city is Columbus.
| 0 | 0 |
Georgia (U.S. state)
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Conduction mechanisms in various media",
"text": "So, in metals where the charge carriers (electrons) are negative, conventional current is in the opposite direction to the overall electron movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Conventions",
"text": "Since electrons, the charge carriers in metal wires and most other parts of electric circuits, have a negative charge, as a consequence, they flow in the opposite direction of conventional current flow in an electrical circuit."
}
] |
V9kXHGtkXOO8nQzzL8Hr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Conventions | Reference direction",
"text": "If the current flows in the opposite direction, the variable I has a negative value."
},
{
"section_header": "Conduction mechanisms in various media",
"text": "So, in metals where the charge carriers (electrons) are negative, conventional current is in the opposite direction to the overall electron movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Conventions | Reference direction",
"text": "When the circuit is solved, a negative value for the variable means that the actual direction of current through that circuit element is opposite that of the chosen reference direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Conventions",
"text": "Since electrons, the charge carriers in metal wires and most other parts of electric circuits, have a negative charge, as a consequence, they flow in the opposite direction of conventional current flow in an electrical circuit."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternating and direct current",
"text": "In contrast, direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, or a system in which the movement of electric charge is in one direction only."
},
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism | Radio waves",
"text": "These travel at the speed of light and can cause electric currents in distant conductors."
},
{
"section_header": "Drift speed",
"text": "Electrons are the charge carriers in most metals and they follow an erratic path, bouncing from atom to atom, but generally drifting in the opposite direction of the electric field."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternating and direct current",
"text": "In alternating current (AC) systems, the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Conventions",
"text": "A flow of positive charges gives the same electric current, and has the same effect in a circuit, as an equal flow of negative charges in the opposite direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternating and direct current",
"text": "Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams."
}
] |
For Electric current, the electrons travel in the opposite direction as the current.
| 0 | 0 |
Electric current
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two of his brothers work in law enforcement in British Columbia, with one being a Mountie."
}
] |
VA0ndyoIDvCQDUa1AEfX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "He posted a time of 1:43.7.On May 13, 2018 broadcast of the South Korean reality television show King of Mask Singer, Reynolds had a special performance in the opening act, singing \"Tomorrow\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also performed in dramatic roles in Buried (2010), Woman in Gold (2015), and Life (2017), starred in action films such as Blade: Trinity (2004), Deadpool (2016), and 6 Underground (2019) and provided voice acting in the animated features The Croods and Turbo (2013) and Pokemon: Detective Pikachu (2019)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–2015",
"text": "Reynolds played the protagonist in the 2008 film"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reynolds was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–present",
"text": "Reynolds began filming Deadpool 2 in June 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Business ventures",
"text": "Reynolds acquired a stake in Aviation American Gin in February 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–present",
"text": "Additionally, in April 2019, Reynolds shot Free Guy, an action comedy directed by Shawn Levy in which Reynolds will star as \"a background character who realizes he's living in a video game."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–present",
"text": "Also in 2016, Reynolds had a supporting role in the Ariel Vromen-directed thriller Criminal."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–present",
"text": "Reynolds voiced, and was the facial motion capture actor for the CGI detective Pikachu."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ryan Rodney Reynolds was born on October 23, 1976, in Vancouver, British Columbia, the youngest of four sons of food wholesaler James Chester Reynolds and retail saleswoman Tamara Lee (née Stewart)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two of his brothers work in law enforcement in British Columbia, with one being a Mountie."
}
] |
Reynolds is the only member of his siblings that got into acting.
| 2 | 5 |
Ryan Reynolds
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "Deborah Kerr was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1998, but was unable to accept the honour in person because of ill health."
}
] |
VAdjIzwd6rsIgP2QmLcK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Film career",
"text": "The organisation ranked it 20th in its list of the 100 most romantic films of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr. Deborah Kerr. A Biography. McFarland, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr: Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author, (c) Penelope Andrew, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr. British Film Institute, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film career",
"text": "She then departed from typecasting with a performance that brought out her sensuality, as \"Karen Holmes\", the embittered military wife in Fred Zinnemann's From Here to Eternity (1953), for which she received an Oscar nomination for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Braun, Eric. Braun, Eric. Deborah Kerr. St. Martin's Press, 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She adopted the name Deborah Kerr on becoming a film actress (\"Kerr\" was a family name going back to the maternal grandmother of her grandfather Arthur Kerr Trimmer)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Deborah Jane Trimmer CBE (30 September 1921 – 16 October 2007), known professionally as Deborah Kerr (), was a Scottish film, theatre and television actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "Deborah Kerr was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1998, but was unable to accept the honour in person because of ill health."
}
] |
Deborah Kerr was honored with a prestigious military ranking, but was too sick to attend the ceremony because she was unwell.
| 0 | 0 |
Deborah Kerr
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The modern city of Corinth is located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the ancient ruins."
}
] |
VAfh7OV3dHF0961U64RG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Byzantine era",
"text": "The stone wall was about six miles (10 km) long and was named Hexamilion (\"six-miles\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient city and its environs | Acrocorinth, the acropolis",
"text": "Currently, Acrocorinth is one of the most important medieval castle sites of Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Corinth",
"text": "In 1858, the village surrounding the ruins of Ancient Corinth was destroyed by an earthquake, leading to the establishment of New Corinth 3 km (1.9 mi) NE of the ancient city."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The modern city of Corinth is located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the ancient ruins."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and founding myths",
"text": "The Upper Peirene spring is located within the walls of the acropolis."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth",
"text": "The city had two main ports: to the west on the Corinthian Gulf lay Lechaion, which connected the city to its western colonies (Greek: apoikiai) and Magna Graecia, while to the east on the Saronic Gulf"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Byzantine era",
"text": "Four churches were located in the city proper, another on the citadel of the Acrocorinth, and a monumental basilica at the port of Lechaion."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient city and its environs | Acrocorinth, the acropolis",
"text": "Acrocorinthis, the acropolis of ancient Corinth, is a monolithic rock that was continuously occupied from archaic times to the early 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independence",
"text": "Nafplio was chosen initially, then Athens."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth",
"text": "In 458 BC, Corinth was defeated by Athens at Megara."
}
] |
The current location of Ancient Corinth is about 10 km West of Athens.
| 0 | 0 |
Ancient Corinth
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Both his parents were pianists."
}
] |
VAivfysOxMac2IOIc32u
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "Another school is P.S. 004 Duke Ellington in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "Numerous memorials have been dedicated to Duke Ellington, in cities from New York and Washington, D.C. to Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Washington, D.C., Ellington was based in New York City from the mid-1920s onward and gained a national profile through his orchestra's appearances at the Cotton Club in Harlem."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Loss of material",
"text": ", Play On!, debuted in 1997. On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Duke Ellington among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The early 1930s",
"text": "He had composed and recorded \"Creole Rhapsody\" as early as 1931 (issued as both sides of a 12\" record for Victor and both sides of a 10\" record for Brunswick), and a tribute to his mother, \"Reminiscing in Tempo\", took four 10\" record sides to record in 1935 after her death in that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "And so, \"Sir Duke\" and his group played the first-ever jazz performance in a concert venue."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "Ellington is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The later 1930s",
"text": "It was not uncommon for Strayhorn to fill in for Duke, whether in conducting or rehearsing the band, playing the piano, on stage, and in the recording studio."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "A genius has passed. \"He was interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery, the Bronx, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Ellington was joined in New York City by his wife and son in the late twenties, but the couple soon permanently separated."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Both his parents were pianists."
}
] |
The mother of Duke Ellington, a New York based jazz composer, both played piano.
| 0 | 0 |
Duke Ellington
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil."
}
] |
VB2DCoHBqFj2LF6K4pfo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Singapore",
"text": "Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965, with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "The Constitution of Singapore and all government legislations are written in English, and interpreters are required if a language other than English is used in the Singaporean courts."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "However, forms of English spoken in Singapore range from Standard Singapore English to a colloquial form known as Singlish, which is discouraged by the government as it claims it to be a substandard English creole that handicaps Singaporeans, presenting an obstacle to learning standard English and rendering the speaker incomprehensible to everyone except to another Singlish speaker."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ancient Singapore",
"text": "Although the historicity of the accounts as given in the Malay Annals is the subject of academic debates, it is nevertheless known from various documents that Singapore in the 14th century, then known as Temasek, was a trading port under the influence of both the Majapahit Empire and the Siamese kingdoms and was a part of the Indosphere"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Singapore",
"text": "Singapore Changi Airport was opened in 1981 and Singapore Airlines was formed."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Singaporeans are mostly bilingual, typically with English as their common language and their mother-tongue as a second language taught in schools, in order to preserve each individual's ethnic identity and values."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "English is the most spoken language at home at 36.9% of the population, just ahead of Mandarin."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Singapore is a parliamentary republic based on the Westminster system."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry sectors",
"text": "The nation's best known global companies include Singapore Airlines, Changi Airport, and the Port of Singapore, all of which are among the most-awarded in their respective fields."
}
] |
Singapore or also known as the Republic of Singapore has 4 recognized languages.
| 0 | 0 |
Singapore
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, and drummer Will Champion met at University College London and began playing music together from 1996 to 1998, first calling themselves Pectoralz and then Starfish before finally changing their name to Coldplay."
}
] |
VBWbZmkyBlUeli1PhWsJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Activism and commercial endorsements",
"text": "After the death of Steve Jobs, Coldplay performed four songs at Apple's Campus in Cupertino, further thanking Jobs for the support he gave them."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism and commercial endorsements",
"text": "Additionally, Chris Martin appeared at an Apple Inc. Special Event on 1 September 2010, playing a number of songs, and also thanked Apple for their assistance in marketing \" Viva la Vida\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–1999: Formation and first years",
"text": "By 1997, Martin had met Classics student Tim Rice-Oxley."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2010: Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends",
"text": "After the first play, it was freely obtainable from Coldplay's website from 12:15 pm (GMT +0) for one week (achieving two million downloads), until it became commercially available to download on 6"
},
{
"section_header": "Band members",
"text": "Chris Martin – lead vocals, piano, rhythm guitar, keyboards, harmonica"
},
{
"section_header": "Band members",
"text": "Guy Berryman – bass, backing vocals, keyboards, mandolin, harmonica"
},
{
"section_header": "Band members",
"text": "Jonny Buckland – lead guitar,"
},
{
"section_header": "Band members",
"text": "backing vocals, keyboards, piano"
},
{
"section_header": "Band members",
"text": "Will Champion – drums, percussion, backing vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–1999: Formation and first years",
"text": "Coldplay have since accepted Harvey as the fifth member of the group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, and drummer Will Champion met at University College London and began playing music together from 1996 to 1998, first calling themselves Pectoralz and then Starfish before finally changing their name to Coldplay."
}
] |
Coldplay's members all met on an Apple Campus in Cupertino.
| 1 | 3 |
Coldplay
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker."
}
] |
VBjRZfunLz55GeHO4sgo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | Powers of Darkness",
"text": "De Roos has argued that the differences between the English original of Dracula and the Icelandic version were not due to changes made by Ásmundsson, but rather that he was using a different, older manuscript of Dracula provided to him by Stoker, which the latter had discarded for the English version."
},
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | Powers of Darkness",
"text": "In 1901, Dracula was translated into Icelandic by Valdimar Ásmundsson under the title Makt Myrkranna (Powers of Darkness) with a preface written by Stoker."
},
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | Dracula the Un-dead",
"text": "In 2009, a sequel was published, written by Bram Stoker's great grand-nephew Dacre Stoker and Ian Holt."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and scholarly criticism | Scholarly criticism",
"text": "Dracula is one of Five Books' most recommended books, with literary scholars, science writers and novelists citing it as an influential text for topics such as sex in Victorian Literature, best horror books and criminology."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A short note at the end of the final chapter is written 7 years after the events outlined in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | Powers of Darkness",
"text": "The characters had different names, the book was shorter and there was more emphasis on sex than in the English version."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and scholarly criticism | Scholarly criticism",
"text": "plot for domination is at last defeated, are elements which unite to form a tale now justly assigned a permanent place in English letters.\" In the last several decades, literary and cultural scholars have offered diverse analyses of Stoker's novel and the character of Count Dracula."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The tale begins with Jonathan Harker, a newly qualified English solicitor, visiting Count Dracula at his castle in the Carpathian Mountains on the border of Transylvania, Bukovina, and Moldavia, to provide legal support for a real estate transaction overseen by Harker's employer, Mr Peter Hawkins of Exeter."
},
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | Powers of Darkness",
"text": "The Dutch scholar Hans Corneel de Roos wrote: \"Although Dracula received positive reviews in most newspapers of the day...the original novel can be tedious and meandering.... Powers of Darkness, by contrast, is written in a concise, punchy style; each scene adds to the progress of the plot.\" In Makt Myrkranna, Dracula is in contact with various ambassadors in what is hinted at is a bid for world domination."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "When the play premiered in New York, it was with Bela Lugosi in the title role, and with Edward van Sloan as Abraham Van Helsing, roles which both actors (as well as Herbert Bunston as Dr. Seward) reprised for the English-language version of the 1931 Universal Studios film production."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker."
}
] |
Dracula was written by an English writer.
| 0 | 0 |
Dracula
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "She rejected his proposal twice, in 1921 and 1922, reportedly because she was reluctant to make the sacrifices necessary to become a member of the royal family."
}
] |
VCb1br01NMfe97tlUMuQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "In a time when royalty were expected to marry fellow royalty, it was unusual that Albert had a great deal of freedom in choosing a prospective wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War",
"text": "George VI and his wife resolved to stay in London, despite German bombing raids."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923, and they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "His daughter flew back to Britain from Kenya as Queen Elizabeth II.From 9 February for two days George VI's coffin rested in St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, before lying in state at Westminster Hall from 11 February."
},
{
"section_header": "Reluctant king",
"text": "Edward had been advised by British prime minister Stanley Baldwin that he could not remain king and marry a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "The growing likelihood of war in Europe dominated the early reign of George VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "There was no Durbar held in Delhi for George VI, as had occurred for his father, as the cost would have been a burden to the Government of India."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Albert assumed the regnal name \"George VI\" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reluctant king",
"text": "The day before the abdication, he went to London to see his mother, Queen Mary."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "She rejected his proposal twice, in 1921 and 1922, reportedly because she was reluctant to make the sacrifices necessary to become a member of the royal family."
}
] |
George VI asked his wife to marry him two times before she said yes.
| 3 | 5 |
George VI
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith is the father to three children from his marriage to former wife Denise; sons Nikko and Dustin, and daughter Taryn."
}
] |
VCcNm4juBZpNBdIc4Ugv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was born in Mobile, Alabama, the second of Clovi and Marvella Smith's six children (five boys and one girl)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith is the father to three children from his marriage to former wife Denise; sons Nikko and Dustin, and daughter Taryn."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Smith started Game 1 and subsequently registered three putouts and one assist in the field, but went hitless in four at-bats in the Cardinals' 4–2 loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Upon receiving the start in Game 5, Smith nearly duplicated his Game 1 performance with four putouts, one assist, and no hits in four at-bats as part of another Cardinals defeat."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "On September 2 Smith tied a career high by scoring four runs, one of which was a home run, and another on a close play at home plate in the bottom of the 10th inning against division leader Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1990–1995",
"text": "St. Louis had a one-game lead in the National League East division on June 1, 1992, but injuries took their toll on the team, including Smith's two-week illness in late July after contracting chicken pox for the first time."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "When St. Louis was trailing 3–1 with one out in the sixth inning of Game 7, Smith started a rally with a base hit to left field, eventually scoring the first of the team's three runs that inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres | Trade",
"text": "It was then that Padres manager Dick Williams informed Herzog that a no-trade clause had been included in Smith's 1981 contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While the family lived in Mobile, his father worked as a sandblaster at Brookley Air Force Base."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "Smith batted left-handed against Niedenfuer with one out."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith fathered four children including three boys and one girl.
| 3 | 7 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "He talks with her about her reflection in a mirror, leading to the sequel, Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, which sells even better."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carroll published a sequel in 1871, entitled Through the Looking-Glass, and a shortened version for young children, The Nursery \"Alice\", in 1890."
}
] |
VCu3vhC5vs8P5Sl4N06b
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Some printings of this title contain both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Cinema and television",
"text": "The following list is of direct adaptations of Adventures in Wonderland (sometimes merging it with Through the Looking-Glass), not other sequels or works otherwise inspired by the works (such as Tim Burton's 2010 film Alice in Wonderland): Alice in Wonderland (1903), a British silent film directed by Cecil Hepworth and Percy Stow, with May Clark as Alice."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "He talks with her about her reflection in a mirror, leading to the sequel, Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, which sells even better."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carroll published a sequel in 1871, entitled Through the Looking-Glass, and a shortened version for young children, The Nursery \"Alice\", in 1890."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Live performance",
"text": "As the book and its sequel are Carroll's most widely recognised works, they have also inspired numerous live performances, including plays, operas, ballets, and traditional English pantomimes."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "1915 : A dramatic screenplay script rendering of Alice in Wonderland by Alice Gerstenberg is published as Alice in Wonderland; a dramatization of Lewis Carrolls 'Alices adventures in Wonderland' and 'Through the looking glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Comic strips and books",
"text": "Walt Disney's Alice in Wonderland (1965, Gold Key Comics) Walt Disney's Alice in Wonderland (Whitman, 1984) \"The Complete Alice in Wonderland\" (2005, Dynamite Entertainment)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Character allusions",
"text": "One of Tenniel's illustrations in Through the Looking-Glass—the 1871 sequel to Alice—depicts the character referred to as the \"Man in White Paper\" (whom Alice meets as a fellow passenger riding on the train with her) as a caricature of Disraeli, wearing a paper hat."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Cinema and television",
"text": "Alice in Wonderland (1966), an animated Hanna-Barbera TV movie with Janet Waldo as Alice Alice in Wonderland (1966), a BBC television play directed by Jonathan Miller"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Cinema and television",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972), a musical film version starring Fiona Fullerton as Alice Alice in Wonderland (sometimes listed as Alice in Wonderland: An X-Rated Musical Comedy) (1976), an American erotic musical comedy film, starring Kristine DeBell"
}
] |
Alice in Wonderland didn't have a sequel.
| 0 | 0 |
Alice in Wonderland
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1962–1967: Peak years | Surfin' Safari, Surfin' U.S.A., Surfer Girl, and Little Deuce Coupe",
"text": "By this time the de facto manager of the Beach Boys, Murry landed the group's first paying gig (for which they earned $300) on New Year's Eve, 1961, at the Ritchie Valens Memorial Dance in Long Beach."
}
] |
VDcdOTN1pAIlyPsZG9g5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "The band's earlier surf music helped raise the profile of the state of California, creating its first major regional style with national significance, and establishing a musical identity for Southern California, as opposed to Hollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "By the end of the 1960s, the California sound declined due to a combination of the West Coast's cultural shifts, Wilson's professional and psychological downturn, and the Manson murders, with David Howard calling it the \"sunset of the original California Sunshine Sound ... [the] sweetness advocated by the California Myth had led to chilling darkness and unsightly rot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1962–1967: Peak years | Surfin' Safari, Surfin' U.S.A., Surfer Girl, and Little Deuce Coupe",
"text": "By this time the de facto manager of the Beach Boys, Murry landed the group's first paying gig (for which they earned $300) on New Year's Eve, 1961, at the Ritchie Valens Memorial Dance in Long Beach."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "Drawing from the Beach Boys' associations with Charles Manson and former California governor Ronald Reagan, Erik Davis remarked, \"The Beach Boys may be the only bridge between those deranged poles."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "Their stability, their staying power, and their ability to attract new fans prove as much.\" Cultural historian Kevin Starr explains that the group first connected with young Americans specifically for their lyrical interpretation of a mythologized landscape: \"Cars and the beach, surfing, the California Girl, all this fused in the alembic of youth: Here was a way of life, an iconography, already half-released into the chords and multiple tracks of a new sound.\" in Robert Christgau's opinion, \"the Beach Boys were a touchstone for real rock and rollers, all of whom understood that the music had its most essential roots in an innocently hedonistic materialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "California ultimately supplanted New York as the center of popular music thanks to the success of Brian's productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "\"During the 1970s, advertising jingles and imagery were predominately based on the Beach Boys' early music and image."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "\"The California sound gradually evolved to reflect a more musically ambitious and mature world view, becoming less to do with surfing and cars and more about social consciousness and political awareness."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: Faltered popularity and Brian's reduced involvement | Friends, 20/20, and Manson affair",
"text": "The album became the first Beach Boys LP that failed to chart in the US and UK."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961."
}
] |
The Beach Boys had their first professional musical job at a dance in California.
| 2 | 4 |
The Beach Boys
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "While in college, Susan Tomalin met fellow student Chris Sarandon, a Greek-American, and the couple married on September 16, 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She was then involved romantically with director Louis Malle, musician David Bowie and briefly, actor Sean Penn."
}
] |
VDga8VbGMvVVWOrFyJp8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Sarandon split with Robbins in 2009.Following the end of her relationship with Robbins, she soon began a relationship with Jonathan Bricklin, son of Malcolm Bricklin."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "While in college, Susan Tomalin met fellow student Chris Sarandon, a Greek-American, and the couple married on September 16, 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sarandon has appeared in two episodes of The Simpsons, once as herself (\"Bart Has Two Mommies\") and as a ballet teacher, \"Homer vs. Patty and Selma\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1969, Sarandon went to a casting call for the motion-picture Joe (1970) with her then-husband Chris Sarandon."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sarandon was born in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism",
"text": "Sarandon was appointed an FAO Goodwill Ambassador in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism | Anti-war activism",
"text": "Sarandon and Robbins both took an early stance against the 2003 invasion of Iraq, with Sarandon stating that she was firmly against war as a pre-emptive strike."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The latter earned Sarandon her first Academy Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In June 2010, Sarandon joined the cast of the HBO pilot"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They divorced in 1979 but she retained the surname Sarandon as her stage name."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She was then involved romantically with director Louis Malle, musician David Bowie and briefly, actor Sean Penn."
}
] |
Sarandon has been married once but has had quite a few relationships.
| 0 | 0 |
Susan Sarandon
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent the remainder of his life in exile, in Paris and New York City, and worked for the Hoover Institution."
}
] |
VETxQBFFH6I726CnWqPA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kerensky then returned to the United States, where he spent the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "October Revolution of 1917",
"text": "Kerensky narrowly escaped, and he spent the next few weeks in hiding before fleeing the country, eventually arriving in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kerensky eventually settled in New York City, living on the Upper East Side on 91st Street near Central Park but spent much of his time at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University in California, where he both used and contributed to the Institution's huge archive on Russian history, and where he taught graduate courses."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "When Germany invaded France in 1940, they emigrated to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2019 Netflix series The Last Czars, Kerensky is portrayed by Kestutis Cicenas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Kerensky was an active member of the irregular Freemasonic lodge, the Grand Orient of Russia's Peoples, which derived from the Grand Orient of France."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kerensky died of arteriosclerotic heart disease at St. Luke's Hospital in New York City in 1970, one of the last surviving major participants in the turbulent events of 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent the remainder of his life in exile, in Paris and New York City, and worked for the Hoover Institution."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian Provisional Government of 1917",
"text": "His speeches were impressive and convincing for the moment, but had little lasting effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian Provisional Government of 1917",
"text": "Kerensky and the other political leaders continued Russia's involvement in World War I, thinking that nothing but a glorious victory was the only road forward, and fearing that the economy, already under huge stress from the war effort, might become increasingly unstable if vital supplies from France and from the United Kingdom ceased flowing."
}
] |
Kerensky spent the last part of his life in France and the U.S.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander Kerensky
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 2004, Sergeant First Class William James arrives as the new team leader of a U.S. Army Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) unit in the Iraq War."
}
] |
VFMUqlyqE4ASEwscJpMx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is a 2008 American war thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is based on accounts of Mark Boal, a freelance journalist who was embedded with an American bomb squad in the war in Iraq for two weeks in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Sarver lawsuit",
"text": "Sarver's lawsuit claimed he used the term \"hurt locker\" and the phrase \"war is a drug\" around Boal, that his likeness was used to create the character William James, and that the portrayal of James defames Sarver."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 2004, Sergeant First Class William James arrives as the new team leader of a U.S. Army Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) unit in the Iraq War."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Sarver lawsuit",
"text": "In early March 2010, U.S. Army bomb disposal expert Master Sergeant Jeffrey Sarver filed a multimillion-dollar lawsuit against The Hurt Locker."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Response among veterans",
"text": "British bomb disposal officer Guy Marot said, \"James makes us look like hot-headed, irrational adrenaline junkies with no self-discipline."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical run",
"text": "The Hurt Locker was first publicly released in Italy by Warner Bros. on October 10, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "Starting with its initial screening at the 2008 Venice International Film Festival, The Hurt Locker has earned many awards and honors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hurt Locker premiered at the 2008 Venice International Film Festival before it was released in the United States on June 26, 2009, by Summit Entertainment."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "James' team has a tense encounter with their leader, who reveals they are private military contractors and British mercenaries."
}
] |
The Hurt Locker is a 2008 American war thriller film about Private William James who does bomb disposal.
| 1 | 6 |
The Hurt Locker
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "With over 200,000 different species, Mexico is home of 10–12% of the world's biodiversity."
}
] |
VFYxuWVgzaEDELGSVpXw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The bottom ten percent in the income hierarchy disposes of 1.36% of the country's resources, whereas the upper ten percent dispose of almost 36%."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "With over 200,000 different species, Mexico is home of 10–12% of the world's biodiversity."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Mexico ranks fourth in the world in biodiversity and is one of the 17 megadiverse countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Because of its high biodiversity Mexico has also been a frequent site of bioprospecting by international research bodies."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Mexico ranks first in biodiversity in reptiles with 707 known species, second in mammals with 438 species, fourth in amphibians with 290 species, and fourth in flora, with 26,000 different species."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Contemporary Mexico",
"text": "After twelve years, in 2012, the PRI won the presidency again with the election of Enrique Peña Nieto, the governor of the State of Mexico from 2005 to 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "Twelve institutes were integrated into UNAM from 1929 to 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature",
"text": "Sor Juana was famous in her own time, called the \"Ten Muse."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "This gives Mexico one of the world's most diverse weather systems."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "Mexico is the country with the world's third largest solar potential."
}
] |
Mexico consists of around ten to twelve percent of the world's biodiversity.
| 0 | 0 |
Mexico
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Education",
"text": "As an adolescent, Carter played on the Plains High School basketball team; he also joined the Future Farmers of America and developed a lifelong interest in woodworking."
}
] |
VFgzg2cugNxFAC6yat7e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | Honors and awards",
"text": ", Georgia was renamed Jimmy Carter Regional Airport in 2009.Carter received the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award in 1984.In 1991, he was made an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa at Kansas State University."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | Honors and awards",
"text": "His presidential library, Jimmy Carter Library and Museum was opened in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Education",
"text": "Young Jimmy was a diligent student with a fondness for reading."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "Amy's nanny for most of the period from 1971 until Jimmy Carter's presidency ended."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of Georgia (1971–1975)",
"text": "He expanded the number of black state employees, judges, and board members."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Over 60 songs have been released about or referencing Jimmy Carter, some in relation to the 1970s Energy Crisis and the 1979 Iranian Hostage Crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Farming",
"text": "However, between his forgiveness of debts and the division of his wealth among heirs, his son Jimmy inherited comparatively little."
},
{
"section_header": "Farming",
"text": "For a year, Jimmy, Rosalynn, and their three sons lived in public housing in Plains; Carter is the only U.S. president to have lived in subsidized housing before he took office."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (1981–present) | Presidential politics | Views on Trump administration",
"text": "After the interview, Trump himself praised Carter's comments and thanked him over Twitter, writing \"Just read the nice remarks by President Jimmy Carter about me and how badly I am treated by the press (Fake News)."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "The eponymous \"Jimmy Carter\", included on The Chairman Dances' album Time Without Measure (2016), describes the President's faith life, specifically, his realization that doubt is an integral part of faith."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Education",
"text": "As an adolescent, Carter played on the Plains High School basketball team; he also joined the Future Farmers of America and developed a lifelong interest in woodworking."
}
] |
As a kid, Jimmy Carter was a member of FFA.
| 0 | 0 |
Jimmy Carter
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Influences and characteristics",
"text": "Dreiser based the book on a notorious criminal case."
}
] |
VG0YmqipXLzOdKIFSSYl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An American Tragedy is a 1925 novel by American writer Theodore Dreiser."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "This pattern of personal irresponsibility and panicked decision-making in Clyde's life recurs in the story, culminating in the central tragedy of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and characteristics",
"text": "The cases were so similar that the press at the time dubbed the Edwards/McKechnie murder \"The American Tragedy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In April 1929, Dreiser agreed that German director Erwin Piscator should produce a stage version of An American Tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In the 1940s, the novel inspired an episode of the award-winning old-time radio comedy Our Miss Brooks, an episode known as \"Weekend at Crystal Lake,\" or \"An American Tragedy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and characteristics",
"text": "Dreiser based the book on a notorious criminal case."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was based on the notorious murder of Grace Brown in 1906 and the trial of her lover."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Further television or film adaptations of An American Tragedy have been produced in Brazil (Um Lugar ao Sol, TV series, 1959, director: Dionísio Azevedo), Italy (\"it: Una tragedia americana\", Rai 1, 1962, regista: Anton Giulio Majano), Czechoslovakia ("
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and characteristics",
"text": "A strikingly similar murder took place in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1934, when Robert Edwards clubbed Freda McKechnie, one of his two lovers, and placed her body in a lake."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and characteristics",
"text": "He based Clyde Griffiths on Chester Gillette, deliberately giving him the same initials."
}
] |
An American Tragedy is based on a true story.
| 0 | 0 |
An American Tragedy
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570 – c. 495 BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism."
}
] |
VGPtzxCjOPVKWKkQKeH6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later influence in antiquity | On Greek philosophy",
"text": "The first-century AD philosopher Apollonius of Tyana sought to emulate Pythagoras and live by Pythagorean teachings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570 – c. 495 BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged Greek teachers",
"text": "Iamblichus describes Pythagoreanism as a synthesis of everything Pythagoras had learned from Orpheus, from the Egyptian priests, from the Eleusinian Mysteries, and from other religious and philosophical traditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Later influence in antiquity | On Greek philosophy",
"text": "Bertrand Russell, in his A History of Western Philosophy, contends that the influence of Pythagoras on Plato and others was so great that he should be considered the most influential philosopher of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged Greek teachers",
"text": "Another story, which may be traced to the Neopythagorean philosopher Nicomachus, tells that, when Pherecydes was old and dying on the island of Delos, Pythagoras returned to care for him and pay his respects."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged Greek teachers",
"text": "Of the various Greek sages claimed to have taught Pythagoras, Pherecydes of Syros is mentioned most often."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged Greek teachers",
"text": "Thales was a philosopher, scientist, mathematician, and engineer, also known for a special case of the inscribed angle theorem."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence after antiquity | In the Middle Ages",
"text": "In the 1430s, the Camaldolese friar Ambrose Traversari translated Diogenes Laërtius's Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers from Greek into Latin and, in the 1460s, the philosopher Marsilio Ficino translated Porphyry and Iamblichus's Lives of Pythagoras into Latin as well, thereby allowing them to be read and studied by western scholars."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged Greek teachers",
"text": "Ancient sources also record Pythagoras having studied under a variety of native Greek thinkers."
},
{
"section_header": "Later influence in antiquity | On Greek philosophy",
"text": "Around the same time, the Pythagorean philosopher Archytas was highly influential on the politics of the city of Tarentum in Magna Graecia."
}
] |
Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher.
| 0 | 2 |
Pythagoras
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Eyre (originally published as Jane Eyre: An Autobiography) is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë, published under the pen name \"Currer Bell\", on 16 October 1847, by Smith, Elder & Co. of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The second edition was dedicated to William Makepeace Thackeray."
}
] |
VGntLUOer5u8UmwlEtA9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Chapter 1",
"text": "Jane Eyre: The novel's narrator and protagonist, she eventually becomes the second wife of Edward Rochester."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Eyre (originally published as Jane Eyre: An Autobiography) is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë, published under the pen name \"Currer Bell\", on 16 October 1847, by Smith, Elder & Co. of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Chapter 12",
"text": "Edward Fairfax Rochester: The master of Thornfield Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Chapter 26",
"text": "Bertha Antoinetta Mason: The first wife of Edward Rochester."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Thornfield Hall",
"text": "Later, back at Thornfield, she learns that this man is Edward Rochester, master of the house."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Gateshead Hall",
"text": "Excluded from the family activities, Jane leads an unhappy childhood, with only a doll and books with which to entertain herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Chapter 1",
"text": "As the final chapter of the novel states that she has been married to Edward Rochester for ten years, she is approximately thirty at its completion."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jane Eyre is divided into 38 chapters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Eyre is a Bildungsroman which follows the experiences of its eponymous heroine, including her growth to adulthood and her love for Mr. Rochester, the brooding master of Thornfield Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Thornfield Hall",
"text": "Mrs. Reed admits to telling Mr. Eyre that Jane had died of fever at Lowood."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The second edition was dedicated to William Makepeace Thackeray."
}
] |
Jane Eyre is an 1847 book by Edward Rochester.
| 0 | 0 |
Jane Eyre
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Uganda), is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa."
}
] |
VGtP4CmRqka5mxDIBZUB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Lakes and rivers",
"text": "Most important cities are located in the south, near this lake, including the capital Kampala and the nearby city of Entebbe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962)",
"text": "In the 1890s, 32,000 labourers from British India were recruited to East Africa under indentured labour contracts to construct the Uganda Railway."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Uganda), is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "In cricket, Uganda was part of the East Africa team that qualified for the Cricket World Cup in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-colonial Uganda",
"text": "Bantu-speaking populations, who were probably from central Africa, migrated to the southern parts of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-colonial Uganda",
"text": "Arab traders moved inland from the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in the 1830s."
},
{
"section_header": "Human rights | LGBT rights",
"text": "Progress on the continent of Africa has been slow but progressing with South Africa being the only country where same sex marriages are recognised."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962)",
"text": "Most of the surviving Indians returned home, but 6,724 decided to remain in East Africa after the line's completion."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-colonial Uganda",
"text": "The British government chartered the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) to negotiate trade agreements in the region beginning in 1888."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "It is nicknamed \"The Silverbacks,\" and made its debut at the 2015 FIBA Africa Championship."
}
] |
Uganda is a city in Africa.
| 0 | 0 |
Uganda
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ivanhoe is set in 12th-century England with colourful descriptions of a tournament, outlaws, a witch trial and divisions between Jews and Christians."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to real history and geography | Historical accuracy",
"text": "However, Scott may have intended to suggest parallels between the Norman conquest of England, about 130 years previously, and the prevailing situation in Scott's native Scotland (Scotland's union with England in 1707 – about the same length of time had elapsed before Scott's writing and the resurgence in his time of Scottish nationalism evidenced by the cult of Robert Burns, the famous poet who deliberately chose to work in Scots vernacular though he was an educated man and spoke modern English eloquently)."
}
] |
VH05LSoHsSu9chYCutyS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time it was written it represented a shift by Scott away from fairly realistic novels set in Scotland in the comparatively recent past, to a somewhat fanciful depiction of medieval England."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to real history and geography | Historical accuracy",
"text": "The general political events depicted in the novel are relatively accurate; the novel tells of the period just after King Richard's imprisonment in Austria following the Crusade and of his return to England after a ransom is paid."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Rebecca's trial and Ivanhoe's reconciliation",
"text": "Ivanhoe and Rowena marry and live a long and happy life together."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Two",
"text": "The narrator refers the reader to historical instances of baronial oppression in medieval England."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Three",
"text": "Rebecca takes her leave of Rowena before her father and she quit England to make a new life under the tolerant King of Grenada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been credited for increasing interest in romance and medievalism; John Henry Newman claimed Scott \"had first turned men's minds in the direction of the Middle Ages\", while Thomas Carlyle and John Ruskin made similar assertions of Scott's overwhelming influence over the revival, based primarily on the publication of this novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "In the latter novels, industrial society becomes the centre of this conflict as the backward Scottish nationalists and the \"advanced\" English have to arise from chaos to create unity."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to real history and geography | Historical accuracy",
"text": "Indeed, some experts suggest that Scott deliberately used Ivanhoe to illustrate his own combination of Scottish patriotism and pro-British Unionism."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to real history and geography | Historical accuracy",
"text": "There has been criticism of Scott's portrayal of the bitter extent of the \"enmity of Saxon and Norman, represented as persisting in the days of Richard\" as \"unsupported by the evidence of contemporary records that forms the basis of the story.\" Historian E. A. Freeman criticised Scott's novel, stating its depiction of a Saxon–Norman conflict in late twelfth-century England was unhistorical."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Several of them found themselves transported imaginatively to the remote period of the novel, although some problems were recognised: the combining of features from the high and late middle ages; an awkwardly created language for the dialogue; and antiquarian overload."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ivanhoe is set in 12th-century England with colourful descriptions of a tournament, outlaws, a witch trial and divisions between Jews and Christians."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to real history and geography | Historical accuracy",
"text": "However, Scott may have intended to suggest parallels between the Norman conquest of England, about 130 years previously, and the prevailing situation in Scott's native Scotland (Scotland's union with England in 1707 – about the same length of time had elapsed before Scott's writing and the resurgence in his time of Scottish nationalism evidenced by the cult of Robert Burns, the famous poet who deliberately chose to work in Scots vernacular though he was an educated man and spoke modern English eloquently)."
}
] |
Ivanhoe is an old novel by a Scottish author depicting life during the medieval age in England.
| 1 | 2 |
Ivanhoe
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Traditions",
"text": "Due to West Point's age and its unique mission of producing Army officers, it has many time-honored traditions."
}
] |
VH5RfGDJv0XB2hShPljz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Administration | Admission requirements",
"text": "If a candidate is considered academically disqualified and not selected, he or she may receive an offer to attend to the United States Military Academy Preparatory School."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The academy traces its roots to 1801, when President Thomas Jefferson directed that plans be set in motion to establish the United States Military Academy at West Point."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial period, founding, and early years",
"text": "In 1801, shortly after his inauguration as president, Thomas Jefferson directed that plans be set in motion to establish at West Point the United States Military Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known as West Point, Army, Army West Point, The Academy, or simply The Point, is a four-year federal service academy in West Point, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Traditions | Cullum number",
"text": "Before his death in 1892, General Cullum completed the first three volumes of a work that eventually comprised 10 volumes, titled General Cullum's Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy, and covering USMA classes from 1802 through 1850."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial period, founding, and early years",
"text": "In its tumultuous early years, the academy featured few standards for admission or length of study."
},
{
"section_header": "Curriculum | Military",
"text": "Cadets also have the opportunity during their second, third and fourth summers to serve in active army units and military schools around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration | Admission requirements",
"text": "The majority of candidates receive a nomination from their United States Representative or Senator."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration | Admission requirements",
"text": "Some receive a nomination from the Vice President or even the President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Cadet life | Life in the corps",
"text": "Cadets attend the United States Military Academy free of charge, with all tuition and board paid for by the Army in return for a service commitment of five years of active duty and three years of reserve status upon graduation."
},
{
"section_header": "Traditions",
"text": "Due to West Point's age and its unique mission of producing Army officers, it has many time-honored traditions."
}
] |
United States Military Academy has a few traditions.
| 0 | 0 |
United States Military Academy
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second installment of the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and the sequel to Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)."
}
] |
VHK9Y9PvTUcj7MBLvJqW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest received mixed reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest is a 2006 American fantasy swashbuckler film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest premiered at Disneyland in California on June 24, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second installment of the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and the sequel to Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "Disney produced a comic book adaption in their Junior Graphic Novels: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2007) Disney sponsored a racing yacht in the 2005 edition of the Volvo Ocean Race."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "The boat, aptly named Black Pearl, raced under the team name \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" for the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Following the success of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003), the cast and crew signed on for two more sequels to be shot back-to-back, a practical decision on Disney's part to allow more time with the same cast and crew."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It is also the highest-grossing 2006 film, the highest-grossing Pirates of the Caribbean film, and the seventh-highest-grossing Disney film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two sequels to Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl were conceived in 2004, with Elliott and Rossio developing a story arc that would span both films."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Worldwide, it ranks as the 34th highest-grossing film, the 15th highest-grossing film distributed by Disney, the highest-grossing film of 2006, the third highest-grossing film of the 2000s, the highest-grossing film in the Pirates of the Caribbean series, the highest-grossing film to star Johnny Depp and the fourth highest-grossing second installment in a franchise (behind Frozen II, Avengers: Age of Ultron, and Incredibles 2)."
}
] |
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest is the third part of the Pirates of the Caribbean series.
| 1 | 2 |
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "With his first wife, Jane Wenham, he had a son, Simon Finney, who works in the film industry as a camera operator."
}
] |
VHTx8lxZzFf5WKEXIsZO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Finney was born in Salford, Lancashire, the son of Alice (née Hobson) and Albert Finney, a bookmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Finney (9 May 1936 – 7 February 2019) was an English actor who worked in film, television and theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "Finney and Alan Bates played Olivier's sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Finney said going into this film after Shoot the Moon was \"marvelous."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "Finney then did Billy Liar (1960) on stage and for British television."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1963–1974",
"text": "Finney later called it \"the most intense sense of creation I've ever had."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1963–1974",
"text": "Finney played the title role in the musical Scrooge in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Finney said the role \"required personal acting; I had to dig into myself."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "Finney was reunited with Ridley Scott in A Good Year (2006)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "Finney received the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "With his first wife, Jane Wenham, he had a son, Simon Finney, who works in the film industry as a camera operator."
}
] |
Albert Finney had a child.
| 0 | 0 |
Albert Finney
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb was born in 1886 in Narrows, Georgia, a small rural community of farmers that was unincorporated."
}
] |
VHXymdoWCDq4aqH9fuOj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rivalry with Sam Crawford",
"text": "Sam Crawford and Ty Cobb were teammates for parts of thirteen seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, editors at the Sporting News ranked Ty Cobb third on their list of \"Baseball's 100 Greatest Players\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career | Death",
"text": "As of July 2015, the Ty Cobb Educational Foundation has distributed $15.8 million in college scholarships to needy Georgians."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career | Later life",
"text": "John McCallum spent some time with Cobb to write a combination how-to and biography titled The Tiger Wore Spikes: An Informal Biography of Ty Cobb that was published in 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career | Later life",
"text": "At this time, Cobb became generous with his wealth, donating $100,000 in his parents' name for his hometown to build a modern 24-bed hospital, Cobb Memorial Hospital, which is now part of the Ty Cobb Healthcare System."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career | Later life",
"text": "In 2010, an article by William R. \"Ron\" Cobb (no relation to Ty) in the peer-reviewed The National Pastime (the official publication of the Society for American Baseball Research) accused Stump of extensive forgeries of Cobb-related documents and diaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Move to Philadelphia",
"text": "On September 3, Ty Cobb pinch-hit in the ninth inning of the first game of a doubleheader against the Senators and doubled off Bump Hadley for his last career hit although his last at-bat wasn't until September 11 against the Yankees, popping out off Hank Johnson and grounding out to shortstop Mark Koenig."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cobb as player/manager",
"text": "Cobb and Browns player-manager George Sisler each pitched in the final game, Cobb pitching a perfect inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cobb as player/manager",
"text": "In fact, he had saved money by hiring Cobb to both play and manage."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cobb as player/manager",
"text": "Cobb blamed his lackluster managerial record (479 wins against 444 losses) on Navin, who was arguably even more frugal than he was, passing up a number of quality players Cobb wanted to add to the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb was born in 1886 in Narrows, Georgia, a small rural community of farmers that was unincorporated."
}
] |
Ty Cobb birthplace is Birmingham, Alabama.
| 2 | 3 |
Ty Cobb
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "Aaron himself downplayed the \"chase\" to surpass Babe Ruth, while baseball enthusiasts and the national media grew increasingly excited as he closed in on the 714 career home runs record."
}
] |
VHis36sjLXdXS36nRYK0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Home run milestones and 3,000th hit",
"text": "As the year came to a close, Aaron broke Stan Musial's major-league record for total bases (6,134)."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "Aaron himself downplayed the \"chase\" to surpass Babe Ruth, while baseball enthusiasts and the national media grew increasingly excited as he closed in on the 714 career home runs record."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "As Bonds began to close in on the record during the 2007 season, Aaron let it be known that, although he recognized Bonds' achievements, he would not be present when Bonds broke the record."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "He was the recipient of death threats during the 1973–1974 offseason and a large assortment of hate mail from people who did not want to see Aaron break Ruth's nearly sacrosanct home run record."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "Babe Ruth's widow, Claire Hodgson, denounced the racism and declared that her husband would have enthusiastically cheered Aaron's attempt at the record."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "If you break Babe Ruth's record, it'll be a disgrace!\" Coincidentally, Snoopy was only one home run short of tying the record (and finished the season as such when Charlie Brown got picked off during Snoopy's last at-bat), and as it turned out, Aaron finished the 1973 season one home run short of Ruth."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "He played two out of three, tying Babe Ruth's record, April 4, 1974, in his very first at bat—on his first swing of the season—off Reds pitcher Jack Billingham, but did not hit another home run in the series."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "While preparing the massive coverage of the home run record, he quietly had an obituary written, afraid that Aaron might be murdered."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "On May 1, 1975, Aaron broke baseball's all-time RBI record, previously held by Ruth with 2,213."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "Braves announcer Milo Hamilton, calling the game on WSB radio, described the scene as Aaron broke the record: \"Henry Aaron, in the second inning walked and scored."
}
] |
Aaron beat did not beat Ruth's record but came close.
| 1 | 2 |
Hank Aaron
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In 2010's Just Cause 2, the fictional Panau Falls Casino is based on the Petronas Towers."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Eidos Interactive has twice used the towers for inspiration in their video games."
}
] |
VHkVHZ7RaqWgF8LuUMvq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Eidos Interactive has twice used the towers for inspiration in their video games."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The opening of the 2010 film Fair Game had scenes with the twin towers along with the skyline of Kuala Lumpur."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "Instead of being directly connected to the towers, the skybridge can shift or slide in and out of them to counterbalance any effect from the wind."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Several scenes of the Bollywood film"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "It is not attached to the main structure, but is instead designed to slide in and out of the towers to prevent it from breaking, as the towers sway several feet in towards and away from each other during high winds."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers (Malay: Menara Petronas, or Menara Berkembar Petronas), are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers remain the tallest twin towers in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "The lift operating chart of the Petronas Towers"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Ticketing system",
"text": "In order to visit Petronas towers, visitors must first purchase tickets."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Don: The Chase Begins Again were also filmed in the Petronas Towers and its skybridge."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In 2010's Just Cause 2, the fictional Panau Falls Casino is based on the Petronas Towers."
}
] |
The Petronas Towers are not in a video game, but there have been several video game towers directly inspired by them.
| 1 | 8 |
Petronas Towers
|
Sports
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "As a minority owner of the Milwaukee Braves, Selig founded the organization Teams, Inc., in an attempt to prevent the majority owners (based out of Chicago) from moving the club to a larger television market."
}
] |
VI87vKQct9nzk6jGZ1YN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Selig was devastated when he learned that the Braves were going to leave Milwaukee in favor of Atlanta."
},
{
"section_header": "Selig Experience",
"text": "In May 2015, the Milwaukee Brewers honored Bud Selig with the unveiling of the Selig Experience exhibit at Miller Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Selig Experience",
"text": "The Selig Experience is a fifteen-minute documentary showing Bud Selig's life and work for the Milwaukee Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | Changes to the MLB All-Star Game",
"text": "Selig subsequently tried to reinvigorate the All-Star Game by awarding the winning league home-field advantage in the World Series; that practice was initiated in 2003 and continued through 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting Commissioner (1992–1998)",
"text": "Bud Selig was a close friend of the late Bart Giamatti, who was the commissioner when Rose was first banned from the sport in 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting Commissioner (1992–1998)",
"text": "Rose, along with his close friend and former teammate Mike Schmidt (who is a strong supporter of Rose's reinstatement into baseball), met with Selig in 2002, where Rose privately admitted to Selig (two years before going public with his admission) about betting on baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mitchell Report, commissioned by Selig, concluded that the MLB commissioners, club officials, the Players Association, and the players all share \"to some extent in the responsibility for the steroid era."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Allan Huber \"Bud\" Selig (; born July 30, 1934) is an American baseball executive who currently serves as the Commissioner Emeritus of Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | Controversies",
"text": "The lawsuit, which is currently ongoing, questions the league's anti-trust exemption and its ability to enforce particular clubs' geographic territories."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "As a minority owner of the Milwaukee Braves, Selig founded the organization Teams, Inc., in an attempt to prevent the majority owners (based out of Chicago) from moving the club to a larger television market."
}
] |
Bud Selig tried to stop his club from going to Atlanta.
| 2 | 10 |
Bud Selig
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel, told in first person perspective, tells the story of a fictional geisha working in Kyoto, Japan, before, during and after World War II and ends with her being relocated to New York City."
}
] |
VIQsvAbrfsKp81HTWZsN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Lawsuit",
"text": "The book was published as Geisha, a Life in the U.S. and Geisha of Gion in the U.K."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Memoirs of a Geisha is a historical fiction novel by American author Arthur Golden, published in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Chiyo is also introduced to Hatsumomo - the premier geisha of the okiya, its primary earner, and one of the most famous, beautiful and ill-mannered geisha of Gion."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Under Mameha's care, Chiyo becomes a maiko with the given name of Sayuri, and is reacquainted with Chairman Iwamura (who appears not to recognise her), his closest friend and business partner Nobu, and a number of other prominent men."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Chiyo begins her \"training\" at the okiya, which consists of household drudgery, before she is deemed worthy enough and starts her geisha training."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Chiyo remains a maid; this is, however, until Mameha, another famous geisha in Gion, persuades a reluctant Mother to reinvest in Chiyo's training, with Mameha acting as Chiyo's mentor and \"older sister\"."
},
{
"section_header": "References to actual locations",
"text": "Much of the novel is set in the popular Hanamachi geisha district of Gion in Kyoto and contains references to actual places frequented by geisha and their patrons, such as the Ichiriki Ochaya."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In 1944, geisha districts are ordered to close, and with many geisha conscripted to work in the factories, Sayuri desperately asks Nobu for help to avoid being conscripted into factory work."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Sayuri peacefully retires from geisha work when the Chairman becomes her danna."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Enraged at her for being a poor investment, Mother stops investing in Chiyo's geisha apprenticeship and returns her to the life of a maid."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel, told in first person perspective, tells the story of a fictional geisha working in Kyoto, Japan, before, during and after World War II and ends with her being relocated to New York City."
}
] |
Memoirs of a Geisha was a book and movie about a nonfictional geisha named Chiyo.
| 0 | 0 |
Memoirs of a Geisha
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "A major theme in the poem is that of the ‘home’ or homecoming."
}
] |
VIWrW0kKLHbWRgHdf0dj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Mary states that “he has come home to die: /"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "A major theme in the poem is that of the ‘home’ or homecoming."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The poem shines light on Warren’s progressive moral slide from resistance to acceptance of his responsibility of providing a home for Silas’ death despite his wrongdoings."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Through the obvious moral dichotomy at the start of the poem between Warren and Mary, it can be interpreted that Mary has slowly convinced Warren to offer Silas a room at the house; obviously his offering comes too late with Silas having died, arguably alone, beside the stove."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Should Silas be given a home that he perhaps does not deserve?"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Warren wrestles with the idea that “Home is the place where, when you have to go there, / They have to take you in.” (Presumably he says this bitterly or sarcastically.) By saying this he is highlighting, at least at that point in the poem, that he does not feel obliged to put a roof over Silas’ head because of his betrayal of leaving the farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Despite the fact that Silas’ brother should seemingly be the natural home for Silas to die, he has chosen Warren and Mary’s farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The poem does not blatantly imply that Warren and Mary have had children of their own."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Questions arise for the motivation of his homecoming – an important theme in the poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "'Dead'’ was all he answered.\" Several themes are touched upon by Frost in this poem including family, power, justice, mercy, age, death, friendship, redemption, guilt and belonging."
}
] |
A big theme for the poem is the concept of coming home.
| 0 | 4 |
The Death of the Hired Man
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Burj Khalifa (Arabic: برج خليفة, Arabic pronunciation: [bʊrd͡ʒ xaˈliːfa]; pronounced English: ), known as the Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration in 2010, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest building in the world."
}
] |
VJG1lOHH9U4TKkC6Qnvp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Fatalities",
"text": "Emails obtained under the Freedom of Information act from Portugal's embassy in the UAE also confirmed that she had committed suicide from the 148th floor of the Burj Khalifa."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Fatalities",
"text": "Dubai police confirmed the act as a suicide, reporting that \"[they] also came to know that the man decided to commit suicide as his company refused to grant leave."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Several suicides were reported."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest building in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Benches and signs incorporate images of Burj Khalifa and the Hymenocallis flower."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Burj Khalifa is surrounded by an 11 ha (27-acre) park designed by landscape architects SWA Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Real estate values",
"text": "Out of 900 apartments in the tower, 825 were still empty at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Other uses | BASE jumping",
"text": "The building has been used by several experienced BASE jumpers for authorised and unauthorised BASE jumping: In May 2008, Hervé Le Gallou and David McDonnell, dressed as engineers, entered Burj Khalifa (around 650 metres (2,130 ft) at the time), and jumped off a balcony situated several floors below the 160th floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure",
"text": "The Burj Khalifa is highly compartmentalised."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Burj Khalifa was also the recipient of the following awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Burj Khalifa (Arabic: برج خليفة, Arabic pronunciation: [bʊrd͡ʒ xaˈliːfa]; pronounced English: ), known as the Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration in 2010, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates."
}
] |
Burj Khalifa tried to commit suicide numerous times.
| 0 | 0 |
Burj Khalifa
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Louis Gehrig (born Heinrich Ludwig Gehrig; June 19, 1903 – June 2, 1941) was an American professional baseball first baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees (1923–1939)."
}
] |
VJufUQZhxuCkYennJgi5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939)",
"text": "so he played first base, often the position for a strong hitter but weaker fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Later, in 1923, he played first base and pitched for the Columbia baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "Things came to a head when Gehrig struggled to make a routine put-out at first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "Coincidentally, among those attending the game was Wally Pipp, whom Gehrig had replaced at first base 2,130 games previously."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "On May 2, the next game after a day off, Gehrig approached McCarthy before the game in Detroit against the Tigers and said, \"I'm benching myself, Joe\", telling the Yankees' skipper that he was doing so \"for the good of the team.\" McCarthy acquiesced, putting Ellsworth \"Babe\" Dahlgren in at first base, and also said that whenever Gehrig felt he could play again, the position was his."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939)",
"text": "In his first two seasons, he saw limited playing time, mostly as a pinch hitter – he played in only 23 games and was not on the Yankees' 1923 World Series roster."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 1927",
"text": "His 117 extra-base hits that season are second all-time to Babe Ruth's 119 extra-base hits in 1921 and his 447 total bases are third all-time, after Babe Ruth's 457 total bases in 1921 and Rogers Hornsby's 450 in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "Throughout his career, Gehrig was considered an excellent base runner, but as the 1939 season got under way, his coordination and speed had deteriorated significantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Louis Gehrig (born Heinrich Ludwig Gehrig; June 19, 1903 – June 2, 1941) was an American professional baseball first baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees (1923–1939)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gehrig returned to the minor-league Hartford Senators to play parts of two seasons, 1923 and 1924, batting .344 and hitting 61 home runs in 193 games, the only time Gehrig ever played any level of baseball – sandlot, high school, collegiate, or pro – for a team based outside New York City."
}
] |
Gehrig played first base for the New York Yankees.
| 1 | 2 |
Lou Gehrig
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The two became good friends and, once divorced from their respective spouses, became romantically involved, marrying in 1975."
}
] |
VKQzab2zlpG0cm1IBz0d
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had one son, Jace Alexander, in 1964, and the couple divorced a decade later."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Between the two, they have four children, Alexander's son Jace and Sherin's three sons, Tony, Geoffrey, and Jon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Alexander (born October 28, 1939) is an American author, actress, and former director of the National Endowment for the Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The two became good friends and, once divorced from their respective spouses, became romantically involved, marrying in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Alexander's name and picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Alexander met her first husband, Robert Alexander, in the early 1960s in New York City, where both were pursuing acting careers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander is also a fellow of the International Leadership Forum."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 2009 Alexander starred in Thom Thomas's play A Moon to Dance"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander also starred in its sequel, Lovey: A Circle of Children, Part II (1978)."
}
] |
Jane Alexander has been married twice and has one son.
| 1 | 4 |
Jane Alexander
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samuel Osmond Barber II (March 9, 1910 – January 23, 1981) was an American composer of orchestral, opera, choral, and piano music."
}
] |
VKxLeFh8kNE0cVX9sD7j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Samuel Barber: The Composer and His Music."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Heinsheimer, Hans W. (1968). \" The Composing Composer: Samuel Barber\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samuel Osmond Barber II (March 9, 1910 – January 23, 1981) was an American composer of orchestral, opera, choral, and piano music."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "2010. \" The Enlisted Composer: Samuel Barber's Career 1942–1945\"."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "2004. Voices in the Wilderness: Six American Neo-Romantic Composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and awards",
"text": "He was one of the first American composers to visit Russia (then part of the Soviet Union)."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Samuel Barber. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "2011. Samuel Barber, un nostalgique entre deux mondes."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and awards",
"text": "Barber was also influential in the successful campaign by composers against ASCAP, the goal of which was to increase royalties paid to composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years",
"text": "Toscanini had rarely performed music by American composers before (an exception was Howard Hanson's Second Symphony, which he conducted in 1933)."
}
] |
Samuel Barber was an American composer.
| 0 | 0 |
Samuel Barber
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 20th century",
"text": ": The clock stopped 24 hours before the general election, and stopped again three weeks later."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 20th century",
"text": "March 1986 and January 1987: The problem of the rubber bushings on the quarter bell chimes freezing recurred, muffling the chimes.30 April 1997"
}
] |
VMXFdU3EfMHBlPFBXHbL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 20th century",
"text": ": The clock stopped 24 hours before the general election, and stopped again three weeks later."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 21st century",
"text": "It resumed, but stopped again at 10:20 pm, and remained still for about 90 minutes before resuming.29 October 2005: The mechanism was stopped for about 33 hours to allow maintenance work on the clock and its chimes."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "At the close of the polls for the 2010 general election the results of the national exit poll were projected onto the south side of the tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 19th century",
"text": "February 1900: The heavy build-up of snow on a clock face impeded the progress of the hour hand, causing the clock to stop for about eight hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 19th century",
"text": "Before 1878: The clock stopped for the first time in its history, \"through a heavy fall of snow\" on the hands of a clock face.21 August 1877-January 1878: The clock was stopped for three weeks to allow the tower and mechanism to be cleaned and repaired."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Four quarter bells chime at 15, 30 and 45 minutes past the hour and just before Big Ben tolls on the hour."
},
{
"section_header": "Bells | Chimes",
"text": "at quarter past, 5–12 at half past, 13–20 and 1–4 at quarter to, and 5–20 on the hour (which sounds 25 seconds before the main bell tolls the hour)."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 20th century",
"text": "March 1986 and January 1987: The problem of the rubber bushings on the quarter bell chimes freezing recurred, muffling the chimes.30 April 1997"
},
{
"section_header": "2017 renovation",
"text": "is to repair and conserve the tower, upgrading facilities as necessary, and ensuring the tower's integrity for future generations."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "Big Ben can also be heard striking the hour before some news bulletins on BBC Radio 4 (6 p.m. and midnight, plus 10 p.m. on Sundays) and the BBC World Service, a practice that began on 31 December 1923."
}
] |
In 1997, the clocked stopped 24 hours before the general elections.
| 2 | 6 |
Big Ben
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brazil is the only national team to have played in all World Cup editions without any absence nor need for playoffs."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitive record | FIFA World Cup",
"text": "With five titles, they have won the tournament on more occasions than any other national team."
}
] |
VN7gAysVpeeqfJopEpT8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They share with France and Argentina the feat to have won the three most important men's football titles recognized by FIFA: the World Cup, the Confederations Cup, and the Olympic tournament."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Brazil national football team (Portuguese: Seleção Brasileira de Futebol) represents Brazil in men's international football and is administered by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF), the governing body for football in Brazil."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitive record | FIFA World Cup",
"text": "With five titles, they have won the tournament on more occasions than any other national team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many commentators, experts and former players have considered the Brazil team of 1970 to be the greatest football team ever."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Golden Era with Pelé (1958–70)",
"text": "From the kick-off, they kept up the pressure relentlessly, and after three minutes, which were later described as \"the greatest three minutes in the history of football\", Vavá gave Brazil the lead."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history (1914–22)",
"text": "It is generally believed that the inaugural game of the Brazil national football team was a 1914 match between a Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo select team and the English club Exeter City, held in Fluminense's stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The 1950 Maracanazo",
"text": "Brazil reached the quarter-final, where they were beaten 4–2 by tournament favourites Hungary in one of the ugliest matches in football history, known as the Battle of Berne."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brazil is the most successful national team in the FIFA World Cup, being crowned winner five times: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Nicknames",
"text": "Amarelinha (Little Yellow One), Seleção (The National Squad), Verde-amarelo (Green and Yellow), Pentacampeão (Five-time Champions), and Esquadrão de Ouro (The Golden Squad)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In relation to ranking standings Brazil fare well, having the all-time highest average football Elo rating system since 1970, and the fourth all-time peak football Elo Rating established in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brazil is the only national team to have played in all World Cup editions without any absence nor need for playoffs."
}
] |
The Brazil national football team is one of three teams with five of the most important football titles.
| 0 | 0 |
Brazil national football team
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ideology and slavery | Slavery and the Dupuy case",
"text": "Clay's will freed all the slaves he held at the time of his death."
}
] |
VNG8niiXC4cOKf7i7aHo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Speaker of the House | Monroe administration, 1817–1825",
"text": "Clay instead supported Illinois Senator Jesse B. Thomas's compromise proposal in which Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, Maine would be admitted as a free state, and slavery would be forbidden in the territories north of 36° 30' parallel."
},
{
"section_header": "Speaker of the House | Monroe administration, 1817–1825",
"text": "Clay became so bitter that he refused to allow Monroe's inauguration to take place in the House Chamber, and subsequently did not attend Monroe's outdoor inauguration."
},
{
"section_header": "Speaker of the House | Monroe administration, 1817–1825",
"text": "Clay helped assemble a coalition that passed the Missouri Compromise, as Thomas's proposal became known."
},
{
"section_header": "Speaker of the House | Madison administration, 1811–1817",
"text": "Upon his return to Congress, Clay won election as Speaker of the House."
},
{
"section_header": "Speaker of the House | Election and leadership",
"text": "While Randolph frequently attempted to obstruct Clay's initiatives, Clay became a master of parliamentary maneuvers that enabled him to advance his agenda even over the attempted obstruction of Randolph and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Speaker of the House | Election and leadership",
"text": "Buoyed by the support of fellow war hawks, Clay was elected Speaker of the House for the 12th Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology and slavery | Slavery and the Dupuy case",
"text": "Like most of his contemporaries, Clay was not a racial egalitarian and never called for the immediate abolition of slavery, but he viewed slavery as a \"grievous wrong to the slave\" and spoke in favor of equal treatment for free blacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, a Baptist minister nicknamed \"Sir John\", died in 1781, leaving Henry and his brothers two slaves each; he also left his wife 18 slaves and 464 acres (188 ha) of land."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "Due to his involvement in the American Colonization Society, a town in the newly formed Liberia in West Africa was named Clay-Ashland after Henry Clay and where the freed slaves from Kentucky emigrated to."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Taylor and Fillmore administrations, 1849–1852",
"text": "His legislative package included the admission of California as a free state, the cession by Texas of some of its northern and western territorial claims in return for debt relief, the establishment of New Mexico and Utah territories, a ban on the importation of slaves into the District of Columbia for sale, and a more stringent fugitive slave law."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology and slavery | Slavery and the Dupuy case",
"text": "Clay's will freed all the slaves he held at the time of his death."
}
] |
Henry Clay set free the slaves he had when he became Speaker of the House.
| 0 | 1 |
Henry Clay
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada."
}
] |
VNVrIlNQueHZeCs1aAje
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2011, the city planned to become the greenest city in the world by 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Sustainability",
"text": "Its primary mission is to ensure that Vancouver becomes the greenest city in the world by the year 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The metropolitan area referred to as Greater Vancouver, with more than 2.4 million residents, is the third-most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada, with over 5,400 people per square kilometre, which makes it the fifth-most densely populated city with over 250,000 residents in North America, behind New York City, Guadalajara, San Francisco, and Mexico City."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Urban planning",
"text": "As of 2011, Vancouver is the most densely populated city in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Sustainability",
"text": "The Greenest City action plan (GCAP) is a City of Vancouver urban sustainability initiative."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Policing and crime",
"text": "As of 2018, Vancouver had the ninth-highest crime rate, dropping 5 spots since 2005, among Canada's 35 census metropolitan areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Urban planning",
"text": "In 2006, the city launched a planning initiative entitled EcoDensity, with the stated goal of exploring ways in which \"density, design, and land use can contribute to environmental sustainability, affordability, and livability\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Policing and crime",
"text": "The rate of firearm related violence dropped from 45.3 per 100,000 in 2006, the highest of any major metropolitan region in Canada at that time, to 16.2 in 2017."
}
] |
Vancouver is the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the highest population density, and is planned to become the greenest city in the world by 2020.
| 0 | 0 |
Vancouver
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Radbourn was born on December 11, 1854, in Rochester, New York, the second of eight children to Charles and Caroline (Gardner) Radbourn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Gardner Radbourn (December 11, 1854 – February 5, 1897), nicknamed \"Old Hoss\", was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
}
] |
VNpabmOW3NvopY4R02VF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in New York and raised in Illinois, Radbourn played semi-professional and minor league baseball before making his major league debut for Buffalo in 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "Radbourn made the major leagues in 1880 as second baseman, right fielder and change pitcher for the Buffalo Bisons of the National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "He played in six games, batted .143, and never pitched an inning, but practiced so hard he developed a sore shoulder and was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Gardner Radbourn (December 11, 1854 – February 5, 1897), nicknamed \"Old Hoss\", was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1855, the Radbourn family moved to Bloomington, Illinois, where Radbourn was raised."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for Buffalo (1880), Providence (1881–1885), Boston (National League) (1886–1889), Boston (Player's League) (1890), and Cincinnati (1891)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "so if the starting pitcher became ineffective in the late innings the change pitcher, usually playing right field, would exchange positions with the starter to try to save the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1881–1883 seasons",
"text": "In 1883, he pitched 632.1 innings and led the league in wins, going 48-25."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "After retiring from baseball, Radbourn opened up a successful billiard parlor and saloon in Bloomington, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "He then jumped to the rebel Players' League and spent 1890 with its Boston club and, after the PL folded, played the 1891 season with Cincinnati in the American Association before retiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Radbourn was born on December 11, 1854, in Rochester, New York, the second of eight children to Charles and Caroline (Gardner) Radbourn."
}
] |
Charles Radbourn played in Major League baseball and had six siblings all raised in Illinois who called him Buffalo Gray.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Radbourn
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shah Jahan commissioned many monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal in Agra, which entombs his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal."
}
] |
VNwxZ0zWPp1JSHnwlGa6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was laid to rest next to his wife in the Taj Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "The body was taken to the Taj Mahal and was interred there next to the body of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to architecture",
"text": "His most famous building was the Taj Mahal, which he built out of love for his wife, the empress Mumtaz Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shah Jahan commissioned many monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal in Agra, which entombs his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "Her death had a profound impact on Shah Jahan's personality and inspired the construction of the Taj Mahal, where she was later reburied."
},
{
"section_header": "Rebel prince",
"text": "It is believed that the mosaic work of Jagmandir inspired him to use mosaic work in the Taj Mahal of Agra."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Nur Jahan",
"text": "Coins began to be struck containing her name along with Jahangir's name."
},
{
"section_header": "Rebel prince",
"text": "Nur Jahan's plans to place Prince Shahryar on the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to architecture",
"text": "Upon his death, his son Aurangzeb had him interred in it next to Mumtaz Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (1628–1658) | Ministers",
"text": "Shah Jahan's treasurer was Sheikh Farid, who founded the city of Faridabad."
}
] |
The Taj Mahal contains Jahan's favorite wife.
| 0 | 0 |
Shah Jahan
|
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