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0.986449	in a sentence or so: Auden has filled her life with academics and studying at the expense of a social life and normal teenage experiences. the summer before heading to college, she takes a chance and decides to live with her dad, stepmom, and new baby sister for the summer where she discovers friends, boys, and volumes more about herself and her complicated family. Auden spent many nights trying to avoid listening to her parents fighting pre-divorce and became a bit of an insomniac. staying up until 6 am every night (day?) isn't the only thing that makes Auden different from other teens her age. she went to a pretty academically aggressive high school and spent all of her free time studying...so she doesn't necessarily have 'friends' to call her own. she's never had a boyfriend, unless you count the boy who rivaled her for valedictorian and then ditched her right before prom (i don't). she understands that there is a certain intellectual divide in people and she is on the upper crust, along with her mom and dad, while the superficial crowd contains people like her step-mom Heidi and new newfound coworkers. the thing is, Auden kinda finds herself liking her step-mom. and she finds herself liking the girls at work. and she even finds herself another insomniac with a haunting past. Auden and Eli start a nightly routine of late night pie, shopping, laundry, and conversation that opens Auden up in a way she doesn't expect...and sets her up for situation she doesn't know how to handle. i loved that Auden was unintentionally supercilious. i mean, we know that she's being snooty and pretentious, but she genuinely has no idea. i mean, she knows she's smart and cannot figure out why anyone would choose to surround themselves in hot pink and orange all day. so she knows she's judging them, but feels totally justified in that. she's judging others based on what she was taught by her mother and father, yet she slowly comes around to realizing that others can be great just the way they are. which, of course, includes herself. to prevent myself from spinning out in a blaze of fangirl glory, allow me to break down for you why it is i adore Sarah Dessen books so much. here are my top five reasons i heart Sarah Dessen's books. 1. the talk. Sarah knows how teenagers talk. it's not over the top, it's not highly intellectual, it's just real. this makes her books absolutely authentic and believable. 2. the boys. she gets how teenage boys think and act too. and, undoubtedly, there is a goofy guy to fall in love with. in Auden's case, she falls for the broody loner Eli. i, however, was diggin' the pair of goofballs - Adam and Wallace. 3. the girl talk. yes, this is different from just 'the talk' of teens. girls have a way of talking when they are amongst themselves that is unique and hard to explain. unless you're Sarah Dessen, obviously. in this book specifically, when the girls are in the store or after they explain to Auden the dangers of spending time with Eli, Dessen hits girl talk on the nose. 4. the family. Auden's family is complicated. up until this point, she's been burying that complication and it's manifesting itself in her sleeplessness. Dessen gets that families aren't easy, that they bring drama, and that they bring heartache. she also gets that families are vital to who we are and where we're going, and that being a part of them shapes us in ways we never fully realize. 5. the romance. Dessen take her time building the romance. there is always a connection and relationship first BEFORE the falling in love starts to take place. it's never instantaneous or inexplicable. i get why Auden and Eli connected with each other. and i truly appreciate that Dessen took the time to establish them and their characters so that their relationship made sense. if you like well developed characters, a town you can totally visualize, complicated-yet-loving families, flawed-yet-redeeming heroines, and poignant and well-placed reflections on life lessons, Sarah Dessen is the author for you. fix er up: the cover. seriously, Auden would never wear pink by choice and the headless bodies are just ughhh. This sounds like a book my daughter and countless others in their teens would enjoy! Thanks for the interesting review.
0.999813	I read the recent story we did in Cincy Chic about Zeel, an on-demand massage service now available in Cincinnati through a free app, so I decided to check it out for myself. Here's a little excerpt from the article that sums it up well: “Zeel is the leading and largest on-demand massage provider with over 10,000 licensed massage therapists serving over 80 US cities, explains Zeel.com Public Relations Director Jillian Sanders. “With best-in-class security protocols, Zeel offers on-demand, at-home massage in as little as an hour, 365 days a year, with start times as early as 8 am and as late at 10:30 pm.” At 9 months pregnant, everything hurts right now, so a massage sounds amazing. But with two kids and a husband with a weird schedule (he has to be at work really early so he goes to bed at 6pm and gets up at 1am), getting out of the house for a massage at a spa is getting increasingly more difficult. Knowing I was going to have a long day at work the other day, I decided to download the Zeel app and see if I could get a massage therapist to come on my lunch break. It was super easy -- you just put in some basic info about yourself, and then select the day, time, location (office, home, friend's house, etc), type of massage (deep tissue, prenatal, couples, etc) and gender preference for your massage therapist and then you confirm it. It took about 15 minutes and then I got a notification that a massage therapist had been booked, gave me her name, and some details to prepare my space for the massage. Easy peasy. A few minutes later, I got a text from my massage therapist introducing herself and giving me her contact info in case I needed to reach her for anything prior to the massage, and also letting me know when she'd be there to start setting up the room for my massage. Come lunchtime, my therapist arrived, I got an amazing massage and felt like a new woman for the rest of the day. It was seriously awesome. Plus, I really liked that the tip and everything is included in the original booking price that you pay through the app, so there's no trying to awkwardly find cash at the end of your massage. I actually just ordered another Zeel massage a couple nights ago to my house -- after the hubby went to sleep and I got the girls down for bed, my massage therapist arrived and I got another amazing massage. I feel like I've cracked some mom code where I figured out how to get my beloved (and much-needed) spa days back! haha! Highly recommended! To learn more about Zeel Massage, visit https://www.zeel.com or you can download the app in your phone's App Store. You can also use code CINCINNATI for $20 off your first massage.
0.999991	You are invited to a round of parties to improve your social connections. What is your attitude to this? 1. You are enthusiastic about meeting people and having a good chat. 2. You would much rather just invite a couple of people around for a nice dinner. 3. You refuse to go… you can't stand superficial chat.
0.999997	What are Goldendoodle's temperaments like? Are they good dogs for families with children? Goldendoodles have wonderfully calm, loving, and intelligent personalities, as do their parent breeds. We highly value these traits in our goldendoodle puppies and therefore ensure that our breeding dogs have desirable personalities in addition to excellent health. We further boost the intelligence of our puppies by using the Early Neurological Stimulation Practice developed by the military. It is my belief that the practice builds trust between man and animal, allowing the puppy to trust and obey. The stimulation consists of rubbing the bottoms of their feet, bellies, noses, and ears. We wholeheartedly recommend goldendoodles as family pets because of their intelligence, obedience, and patience. They are easy to train and to socialize with children, and they have an innate desire to please their families. They are not aggressive in nature and are very calm and patient with children. Even so, it is prudent to provide your dog with basic obedience training and to teach your children how to respectfully interact with your pet.
0.921825	A number of studies in cognitive psychology and neuroscience have shown the effects of mindfulness and meditation training in enhancing cognitive functions assessed by a broad range of tasks implicating measures of response accuracy, response time, and associated electrophysiological and neuroimaging patterns (for reviews, see Cahn and Polich 2006; Chiesa et al. 2011; Gallant 2016; Lutz et al. 2008; Malinowski 2013; Tang et al. 2015). The set of cognitive functions found to be enhanced by mindfulness and meditation training includes centrally attentional processes (Malinowski 2013), such as attentional control, orienting, and alertness. These processes are in particular measured by the Attentional Network Test (ANT) (Fan et al. 2002) and its modifications (see Di Francesco et al. 2017), with some differential findings based on duration and type of meditation practice (e.g., Baijal et al. 2011; Jha et al. 2007; Tang et al. 2007; van den Hurk et al. 2009). Sustained attention tasks have also been used for cognitive performance assessment associated to mindfulness training (Jha et al. 2017; Lutz et al. 2009). Other tasks deal with the selective temporal deployment of attention through phenomena like attentional blink (Slagter et al. 2007). Remarkably, enhanced attentional processes and other functions were found with a brief mindfulness meditation training of 4 or 5 days (Tang et al. 2007; Zeidan et al. 2010). Other studies found effects of meditation on preattentive processes (e.g., Srinivasan and Baijal 2007). Several experimental findings also show the effects of mindfulness training on executive functions, which control and direct cognitive processes for working memory, planning, decision making, self-regulation, and many other goal-directed behaviors (Black et al. 2009; Gallant 2016; Teper et al. 2013), with particular reference to executive inhibition (Gallant 2016; see also Moore and Malinowski 2009). Such executive or cognitive control functions enhanced by mindfulness have been associated to the notion of cognitive flexibility (Kim et al. 2011; Miller and Cohen 2001; Moore and Malinowski 2009). Other studies found that mindfulness training enhances working memory processes, which plays a key role in higher cognitive functions (Mrazek et al. 2013; Quach et al. 2016; van Vugt and Jha 2011). Mindfulness meditation training has also been linked to the enhancement of creative thinking, such as in insight problem solving (Capurso et al. 2014; Greenberg et al. 2012; Ostafin and Kassman 2012). Colzato et al. (2017) emphasize the relevance of open monitoring meditation for divergent thinking, which can be associated with creativity. Other studies have found enhanced moral reasoning and ethical decision-making (Ruedy and Schweitzer 2011; Shapiro et al. 2012) and also an association between dispositional mindfulness and critical thinking (Noone et al. 2016). Mindfulness training has also been associated with an improved functioning of long-term memory, and in particular of retrieval processes (Heeren et al. 2009). In particular, mindfulness training has been found to lead to the increase of a characteristic of autobiographical memories known as specificity, i.e., to the degree to which individuals retrieve specific memories for personal experiences when asked to do so (Hargus et al. 2010; Heeren et al. 2009; Williams et al. 2000). Memory specificity is important given that a lack of specificity is often observed with depression and with a history of trauma and abuse (van Vreeswijk and de Wilde 2004; Williams et al. 2007). However, other studies found contrasting or puzzling evidence about the association of dispositional mindfulness or mindfulness training with improvements in episodic memory functioning (Crawley 2015; Rosenstreich 2016). One of the most influential theories of consciousness, with fundamental implications for addressing its neural correlates, is Global Workspace Theory (Baars 1988, 1997; Baars et al. 2003, 2013). This theory distinguishes between a limited capacity conscious processing, which through a global workspace (GW) is accessible to widespread information sources in the brain and unconscious processing, which involves information processing in a substantially segregated or modular fashion in the brain. The notion of GW is also central in the influential Global Neuronal Workspace model (Dehaene et al. 1998, 2006; Dehaene and Naccache 2001; Dehaene and Changeux 2011). This model emphasizes that the GW for consciousness can access perceptual input in different modalities as well as information in (explicit) long-term memory (e.g., during episodic retrieval), can perform evaluation of selected content and select consciously actions, and can direct attention in a top-down manner (Dehaene et al. 1998). Block (1995, 2005) incorporated the notion of GW in his influential distinction between phenomenal and access consciousness. Phenomenal consciousness refers to qualia, i.e., first-person experiences (see also Huxley 1874; Jackson 1982; Nagel 1974). Thus, phenomenally conscious content refers to subjective experience, such as in the perceptual experiences of red and green. Access consciousness involves content, which is “broadcast” in the GW and made available to the brain’s “consuming” systems, including systems for reasoning, planning, evaluation of alternatives, decision making, and control of attention. Remarkably, in Block’s view, phenomenal consciousness generally takes place without the involvement of top-down attention (see also Lamme 2003, 2010), unlike access consciousness and related GW processing. Based on earlier theoretical work (Raffone and Srinivasan 2009), we focus on GW processes involving Multiple Demand (MD) neurocognitive processors in a key network of frontal and parietal brain regions, which are important for a wide range of tasks (Duncan 2010, 2013) to address access consciousness as well as metacognitive consciousness and mindfulness, including the phenomenally related (direct experience of sensory and emotional contents) and the non-transitive aspects of mindful consciousness. These areas are thought to behave flexibly by adjusting to process the most important information at each moment and biasing processing elsewhere in the brain to drive a coherent goal-directed response across the system (Duncan 2010). The MD areas are involved in a common pattern of activity that is a salient part of the brain’s response to many different kinds of cognitive challenge or tasks. This MD pattern extends over a specific set of regions in prefrontal and parietal cortices, with a particular involvement of the region in and around the posterior part of the inferior frontal sulcus, in the pre-supplementary motor area and adjacent dorsal anterior cingulate, in the anterior insula and adjacent frontal operculum, in and around the intraparietal sulcus, and sometimes of a region in rostrolateral (anterior lateral) prefrontal cortex (Duncan 2010; Duncan and Owen 2000). The MD framework relates to the evidence that firing of a large population of adaptive coding neurons can be driven by different kinds of synaptic input sources which are widespread in the brain in a flexible task-dependent manner (Duncan 2001; see also Duncan and Miller 2002). It also relates to the proposal (Raffone and Srinivasan 2009) of an adaptive workspace framework for limited capacity conscious and meta-conscious processing based on recurrent interactions or dynamic links between adaptive coding (MD) neurons and widespread neurons in the brain. Several neuroscientific studies and related reviews (and meta-analyses) on meditation and mindfulness training highlight the key involvement of MD areas such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (e.g., Cahn and Polich 2006; Fox et al. 2014; Manna et al. 2010; Tang et al. 2015), anterior insula (e.g., Fox et al. 2014; Lazar et al. 2005; Tang et al. 2015), intraparietal sulcus (e.g., Brefczynski-Lewis et al. 2007; Kurth et al. 2015; Lutz et al. 2008), and rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (e.g., Fox et al. 2014; Lazar et al. 2005). Neuroscientific findings (e.g., Luders et al. 2011; Tang et al. 2010; see also the meta-analysis of Fox et al. 2014) also highlight the involvement of intra- and inter-hemispheric communication pathways in meditation, which are also implicated in GW processes for conscious access (Dehaene et al. 1998; Raffone et al. 2014). Taken together, these findings appear to support the adaptive workspace framework with flexible GW processes involving MD areas in understanding meditation and mindfulness training. The MD brain regions reviewed above also appear to overlap substantially with the central executive network and the salience network having a key role in a range of cognitive functions and tasks (for a review, see Bressler and Menon 2010) as well as in multiple psychopathology conditions (for a review, see Menon 2011). They are also characterized by their high sensitivity to mindfulness meditation training (for a review, see Malinowski 2013). Furthermore, electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) investigations suggest the importance of large-scale coherent oscillatory patterns in the brain in meditation (e.g., Hauswald et al. 2015; Lutz et al. 2004; Marzetti et al. 2014; Murata et al. 2004). These patterns can plausibly support reversible recurrent interactions or dynamic links between MD neurons and widespread neurons in the brain that could underlie flexible GW processes associated to meditation and mindfulness. “Present moment meta-awareness” or mindfulness of contents in the fields of experience in the present moment can thus be correlated with recurrent interactions or dynamic links between MD neurons in the GW, and between these and widely distributed neurons acting as neural (somatic) markers of transient (momentary) body states, in particular, right lateralized exteroceptive somatic and interoceptive insular cortices (Craig 2004; Critchley et al. 2004; Damasio 1999). Such mindful awareness and the related neural processes above can also occur in a non-transitive form (without an explicit single object of awareness) as associated with open monitoring (Lutz et al. 2008; Raffone and Srinivasan 2010), automatic self-transcending (Travis and Shear 2010), and non-dual awareness (Josipovic 2012) forms of meditation (see also Raffone and Srinivasan 2009). Importantly, unlike in the phenomenal consciousness view of Block (1995, 2005, 2007) and related neuroscientific views (Lamme 2003, 2010; see Raffone and Pantani 2010 for a different perspective), the phenomenology (first-person observation) and (third-person) neuroscientific investigations of meditation (and mindfulness meditation in particular) show that attention is indeed highly associated to the phenomenal awareness of the meditation object or multiple transient contents in the fields of experience (e.g., Lutz et al. 2008; Raffone and Srinivasan 2009; see also Norman 2017). Moreover, in meditation, the neurocognitive “consuming” systems (e.g., systems for reasoning, planning, action selection, judgment, decision making) in the operation of the GW for conscious access, associated with deliberate thinking and action, are generally de-emphasized, with an attenuated involvement. Thus, conscious access to the meditation object (e.g., breath-related input) in focused attention meditation or (transiently) to multiple objects in the fields of experience in open monitoring meditation is plausibly associated to a reduced broadcasting to neurons involved in task-related thinking processes and action selection in conscious access in the GW. The non-judgmental aspect of mindfulness (e.g., Kabat-Zinn 1990) can indeed arise from such flexibility of attention-based conscious access to momentary contents (in the GW) without a mandatory broadcasting for thinking and acting in mindfulness meditation. Moreover, the adaptive workspace framework predicts that in meditation, the sustained cognitive focus on a simple object (or the “choiceless” unsustained focus in open monitoring meditation), together with the absence of a mandatory association of MD neurons with the consuming systems for conscious thinking and action, induces the disposition for such MD neurons to more flexibly engage (or disengage) in and across a wide range of cognitive tasks involving attention, cognitive control, working memory, or fluid intelligence (see Duncan 2010). For example, reduced attentional blink with intensive (insight) meditation training (Slagter et al. 2007) can be explained in terms of such flexibility and reversibility of conscious executive processing of sequential targets, preventing a mandatory over-investment of executive resources on the first target in a visually rapidly presented stream. The P3b event-related potential component related to reduced attentional blink with intensive meditation practice can indeed be associated with GW processes for conscious processing (Raffone et al. 2014). GW processes have also been associated with the Stroop task (Dehaene et al. 1998), which measures an aspect of cognitive flexibility enhanced by mindfulness training (Moore and Malinowski 2009). More generally, the adaptive workspace framework suggests that a cognitive (or neurocognitive) meta-flexibility supports the function of mindful awareness within and without meditation practice. Such meta-flexibility is in turn enhanced by meditation practice with the implication of both functional and structural neuroplasticity (e.g., Lutz et al. 2008; Tang et al. 2015). In other words, mental training in mindfulness meditation can be plausibly associated with the enhancement of flexibility of the neurocognitive operations involving MD neurons in the GW for conscious access and control of attention within a given task. It can furthermore be related with the neurocognitive meta-flexibility to allocate MD neurons to a wide range of cognitive tasks including monitoring, control, working memory, and fluid intelligence. Finally, this meta-flexibility and its putative neural basis can be associated with the evidence that more mindful individuals are oriented in the present, open to novelty, sensitive to changes in context, and aware of multiple perspectives (Langer and Moldoveanu 2000; Sternberg 2000). As suggested by Zylberberg et al. (2011; see also Barendregt and Raffone 2013; Dehaene and Sigman 2012; Duncan 2010, 2013; Raffone et al. 2014), central executive (and related salience network) brain areas associated to the GW are involved in mental programs. These mental programs integrate serial discrete operations with massively parallel distributed processing in the brain, in a (hybrid) brain Turing machine for cognitive focus and sequential cognitive operations. As also argued above, the flexible implication of the GW for attention-based conscious processing and cognitive control in mindfulness meditation can plausibly create the conditions for more flexible mental programs in a range of cognitive tasks, together with a more general ability (cognitive meta-flexibility) to enhance processing efficiency (as reflected in both response accuracy and time) and cognitive monitoring across multiple tasks in which attention, cognitive control, and performance monitoring play a crucial role. It appears remarkable that such flexibility and meta-flexibility of mental programming can be achieved with the sustained practice (within and between meditation sessions) based on simple meditation instructions and a minimal involvement of thought contents. The mental program for focused attention meditation includes the following processing steps (Hasenkamp et al. 2012; Lutz et al. 2008): (1) detection of distraction from the meditation object, without judgment and further mind wandering; (2) refocusing attention and conscious access on the meditation object; and (3) sustaining focus on this object. During meditation, a cyclic reiteration of these processing steps takes place. The neuroimaging study of Hasenkamp et al. (2012) has shown the key involvement of areas of the central executive and salience networks related to mindfulness and control of attention during meditation, consistent with the adaptive workspace framework. The mental program in meditation thus emphasizes the timely performance of the mental processing steps above, without an executive commitment to represent and process actively contents or objects of perception, thought, and action, together with a more fundamental monitoring function associated to mindfulness. This monitoring function is emphasized even more in open monitoring meditation (Lutz et al. 2008; see also Colzato et al. 2017), together with distributed attention (Srinivasan et al. 2009) and the processing steps of rapid conscious access to momentary contents of experience and rapid disengagement from any arising thought associations. Remarkably, the time-honored practice of meditation suggests that in order to enhance the abilities to think flexibly and of cognitive focus on the task at hand, one has to learn to detach from mandatory thinking such as in spontaneous mind wandering and judgments, which can be both task-related and task-unrelated (Smallwood et al. 2009). The adaptive workspace framework proposes a neurocognitive account related to such suggestion (see also Pagnoni et al. 2008). Finally, the adaptive workspace framework suggests that mindfulness meditation leads to the flexibility to shift or reset the focus of attention and thought, in particular when such focus is dysfunctional, such as in the unwholesome mentation associated with rumination in depression (e.g., Ietsugu et al. 2015), obsessive thinking in obsessive-compulsive disorder (e.g., Singh et al. 2004), and to craving-related thoughts in addictions (e.g., Garland et al. 2014). Indeed, theories of consciousness and attention (Dehaene et al. 2006; Raffone et al. 2014; Simione et al. 2012) highlight the interdependence or co-determination of attentional focus and conscious (cognitive) access, which can give rise to closed or repetitive loops in thinking, such as in mind wandering (Smallwood and Schooler 2015), and inattentional blindness in perceptual processing (Mack and Rock 1998). Several neuroscientific studies show the effects of mindfulness meditation on self-reference and the associated default mode network in the brain (e.g., Berkovich-Ohana et al. 2013; Farb et al. 2007; Marzetti et al. 2014; for related theoretical views, see Tagini and Raffone 2010; Vago and Silbersweig 2012; see also Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn 2017). Such findings are consistent with an increased flexibility in self-reference. The adaptive workspace approach highlights the role of MD areas and their role in interaction with the default mode network for such flexibility (see also Raffone et al. 2010). The adaptive workspace framework can also account for the reduced emotional reactivity with mindfulness training (Britton et al. 2012; van den Hurk et al. 2009; Farb et al. 2010). Indeed, MD areas, and in particular those in the salience network, are also implicated in emotion, feeling associated to different mental states and emotional regulation (e.g., Craig 2004, 2009; Critchley et al. 2004; Damasio 1999). This reduced emotional reactivity effect with mindfulness training can plausibly involve interactions between the MD activity pattern and the orbitofrontal cortex, with a key role in emotion states and emotion regulation in interaction with the amygdala (Salzman and Fusi 2010). Indeed, as suggested by LeDoux (2000, 2012), the cognitive workspace for conscious access (associated to the notion of GW) is also involved in conscious feelings and emotions. This workspace integrates signals about survival circuit activity (in particular from the amygdala), environmental stimuli (through different sensory modalities), language (and related concepts), explicit memory (from semantic and episodic memory), central nervous system (CNS) arousal, and body feedback. The enhanced adaptivity of the GW in terms of neurocognitive flexibility and meta-flexibility with mindfulness meditation training, associated in particular to the involvement of MD areas, would also plausibly implicate a reduced emotional reactivity to a range of stimuli, and in particular to those characterized by a high arousal (activation), and with different mental states (e.g., sadness, anger, euphoria) associated in particular to interactions between orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala (Salzman and Fusi 2010), as well as to the salience network (Allman et al. 2001; Craig 2009). Furthermore, differential adaptive links with different neuronal sources of input to the GW (cognitive workspace, LeDoux 2000, 2012), such as survival circuit activity (and the amygdala in particular), environmental stimuli, language, and body feedback, can be associated to different facets of mindfulness (Baer et al. 2004, 2006). For example, it can be hypothesized that in the widely used Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) developed by Baer et al. (2006; see also Di Francesco et al. 2017), the mindfulness facet observe (or notice sensations, perceptions, thoughts, and feelings in the present moment) is associated to a generalized efficiency of adaptive workspace links with multiple sources of input to the GW and MD areas in particular. The facet acting with awareness is associated with particularly efficient dynamic links with the anterior cingulate cortex (Allman et al. 2001; Manna et al. 2010; Tang et al. 2015) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Cahn and Polich 2006; Dehaene et al. 1998; Duncan 2010). The facet describe (or label with words emotional or affective experiences in the present moment) is associated with particularly efficient links of the GW with language-related areas in the left hemisphere. The facet non-judging of internal experience in the present moment is associated with a relative decoupling of the GW from evaluation-related areas in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and enhanced links with MD areas and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (see also Farb et al. 2007). Finally, the facet non-reactivity to inner experience is associated with a less reactive coupling of survival circuit areas (and in particular of the amygdala) and CNS arousal centers with the adaptive GW. Further functional connectivity studies involving in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and MEG will be needed to assess such hypotheses. Finally, the adaptive workspace framework enables a synthetic conceptualization of mindfulness both in unitary terms, in reference to the integrated GW (or MD activity pattern), and in terms of multiple facets, in reference to the differential involvement of brain systems and adaptive links in such GW processing (or MD activity pattern). The articles contributed for the special section of Mindfulness on “Mindfulness and cognition” cover a range of domains of human cognition and related functions such as consciousness and self. The mental functions addressed by these articles include perception (Pagnoni and Guareschi 2017; Srinivasan and Singh 2017), multiple attentional processes (Di Francesco et al. 2017; Ben-Soussan et al. 2017; Jha et al. 2017; Malinowski et al. 2017; Srinivasan and Singh 2017; van Vugt and van den Hurk 2017), including attentional control, attentional orienting, alertness, sustained attention, attentional effort, and scope of attention, cognitive control (Malinowski et al. 2017), thinking processes (Colzato et al. 2017), metacognition (Norman 2017), consciousness (Ben-Soussan et al. 2017; Norman 2017; Pagnoni and Guareschi 2017; Srinivasan and Singh 2017), and self (Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn 2017). Neurocognitive aging (Malinowski et al. 2017) as well as affective processing (Malinowski et al. 2017; Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn 2017) and transcendence experiences (Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn 2017; Pagnoni and Guareschi 2017) are also addressed in the special section. The research methods used across the empirical investigations in the contributed articles include behavioral paradigms (Colzato et al. 2017; Di Francesco et al. 2017; Jha et al. 2017; Malinowski et al. 2017; van Vugt and van den Hurk 2017), psychophysics (Srinivasan and Singh 2017), electroencephalography (Malinowski et al. 2017), phenomenological reports (Ben-Soussan et al. 2017; Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn 2017), computational modeling (van Vugt and van den Hurk 2017), and dispositional self-report measures (Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn 2017; Di Francesco et al. 2017). Jha et al. (2017) integrate behavioral measures (with the SART task) with subjective reports in a study about the effects of mindfulness training on attention and mind wandering. Other contributed articles emphasize theoretical reflection informed by phenomenology, neurosciences, and contemplative tradition (Norman 2017; Pagnoni and Guareschi 2017). The empirical investigations involve mindfulness or meditation training on the timescale of several weeks (e.g., Ben-Soussan et al. 2017; Jha et al. 2017; Malinowski et al. 2017) as well as long-term meditators (e.g., Srinivasan and Singh 2017) and assessment of dispositional mindfulness in non-meditators (Di Francesco et al. 2017). Colzato et al. (2017) contrast the effects of focused attention meditation and open monitoring meditation on thinking processes. Pagnoni and Guareschi (2017) present an original dialogue between a neuroscientist and a contemplative (Zen Buddhist) teacher, with a particular focus on the influential predictive coding framework (Friston 2009). The findings in the contributed articles have relevant implications for mindfulness research and applications. For example, the results of Jha et al. (2017) suggest that mindfulness training may help alleviate some of the harmful effects of stress and promote cognitive resilience. The study of Di Francesco et al. (2017) has implications for the assessment of mindfulness and its effects in terms of both self-report dispositional measures and behavioral tests. The work of Malinowski et al. shows the potential of mindfulness training in an elderly people with focus on important cognitive control and emotion regulation functions, and their electrophysiological correlates which can be associated with neuroplasticity. The findings of Srinivasan and Singh (2017) and of Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn (2017) show the impact of meditation training on different aspects of awareness and related functions. The articles by van Vugt and van den Hurk (2017) and of Malinowski et al. (2017) also contribute to the understanding of the attentional and cognitive control mechanisms associated with mindfulness meditation training. The articles by Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn (2017), Norman (2017), and of Pagnoni and Guareschi (2017), together with the current article, integrate the study of meditation and mindfulness within broader areas of theoretical research on consciousness, cognition, self, and the mind-brain relationship. To conclude, the findings reviewed and the theoretical framework proposed in this article, together with the articles contributed in this special section of Mindfulness on “Mindfulness and cognition,” highlight the different facets of the impact of mindfulness and meditation training on cognition, consciousness, self, and affective processing. The articles in this special section together emphasize the importance to bridge experimental studies with phenomenological and theoretical insights. Finally, they also point to further research questions about the effects of mindfulness and meditation to be addressed in experimental psychology, cognitive, affective, social, and consciousness neurosciences, as well as in phenomenological investigations and psychology of personality. A.R. was supported by a grant from the BIAL Foundation (Portugal) on the project “Aware Mind-Brain: bridging insights on the mechanisms and neural substrates of human awareness and meditation.” N.S. was supported by a research grant (SR/CSI/27/2010) from the Department of Science and Technology, India. Ben-Soussan, T. D., Glicksohn, J., & Berkovich-Ohana, A. (2017). Attentional effort, mindfulness, and altered states of consciousness experiences following quadrato motor training. Mindfulness, 8. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0469-5. Berkovich-Ohana A., & Glicksohn J. (2017). Meditation, absorption, transcendent experience, and affect: tying it all together via the consciousness state space (CSS) model. Mindfulness, 8. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0481-9. Colzato, L. S., Szapora, A., Lippelt, D., & Hommel, B. (2017). Prior meditation practice modulates performance and strategy use in convergent- and divergent-thinking problems. Mindfulness, 8. doi: 10.1007/s12671-014-0352-9. Di Francesco, S. A., Luca Simione, L., López-Ramón, M. F., Belardinelli, M. O., Lupiáñez, J., & Raffone, A. (2017). Dispositional mindfulness facets predict the efficiency of attentional net works. Mindfulness, 8. doi: 10.1007/s12671-016-0634-5. Jha, A. P., Morrison, A. B., Parker, S. C., & Stanley, E. A. (2017). Practice is protective: mindfulness training promotes cognitive resilience in high-stress cohorts. Mindfulness, 8. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0465-9. Malinowski, P., Moore, A. W., Mead, B. R., & Gruber, T. (2017). Mindful aging: the effects of regular brief mindfulness practice on electrophysiological markers of cognitive and affective progressing in older adults. Mindfulness, 8. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0482-8. Norman, E. (2017). Metacognition and mindfulness: the role of fringe consciousness. Mindfulness, 8. doi: 10.1007/s12671-016-0494-z. Pagnoni, G., & Guareschi, F. T. (2017). Remembrance of things to come: a conversation between Zen and neuroscience on the predictive nature of the mind. Mindfulness, 8. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0438-z. Srinivasan, N., & Singh, A. (2017). Concentrative meditation influences visual awareness: a study with color afterimages. Mindfulness, 8. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0428-1. Van Vugt, M. K., & van den Hurk, P. M. (2017). Modeling the effects of attentional cueing on meditators. Mindfulness, 8. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0464-x.
0.978523	The previous picture seems to be identical. The next picture appears identical. The next image appears identical.
0.943925	How to gain weight on a low carb, high fat, moderate protein diet? I am currently 20, underweight and bony and want to gain weight (mostly muscle and little fat as possible). have kept my carb intake to about 70 grams a day and eat a moderate amount of protein, not excessively. I have decided to increase my calories by only upping the healthy fats. Will I gain only subcutaneous fat, not visceral fat? I keep getting scared that I will gain visceral fat. How difficult is it to gain muscle? i just want to gain more muscle, not large amounts like bodybuilders or athletes. Why are you restricting carb intake? You are more than likely in ketosis, and choosing a ketogenic diet has many life-changing benefits, but if you are not informed on how to live a healthy ketogenic lfestyle you can actually harm yourself. When you are in ketosis your body doesn't burn carbs for energy, usually fat but also muscle too! I would suggest you get a blood meter or at least urine strips to tell how "deep" into ketosis you are. You should ideally have trace to small amounts of keytones, or else you will more than likely be burning muscle away. You want to gain weight and muscle... LIFT WEIGHTS! You cannot gain muscle by sitting around, and if you do more cardio or HIIT (even some low intensity) you wil just be burning muscle away at this stage. You do not want to go catabolic. I would up your fat at least, and take more protein. There is nothing wrong with getting more carbs (good carbs) if you are working out, so do not feel scared to do so. Start weight training/resistance training to gain muscle. If you continue with this diet I would make sure to take a good multi-vitamin and would also suggest taking branched chain amino acids with your carbs before, and during and after your workout. I would also take creatine and drink a lot of water during the day. There are plenty of muscle gaining tips/videos online, but if you want to get mucle mass I would suggest doing weights or training where you are only able to do 5-8 reps rather than lighter or easier training where you are able to do many more reps. 3 sets at 5-8 reps 3 times a week should help get you there, make sure you take at least a day off in between workouts. Also once you get to a desired size, you can go ahead and do lower weight at higer reps and tone your muscle rather than get gigantic and have that crazy bodybuilder weight. Feel free to PM and good luck! Getting muscular too fast is an often mistaken concern. Achieving bodybuilder size muscles takes many years of intense lifting and a specific diet. If you'd like to put on a bit of weight, lift very heavy weights to stimulate growth hormone release. Pair that with extra safe carbs like paint mentioned, white rice, tubers and fruit. Keep in mind that growth is a slow and steady process. You won't explode overnight. As soon as you achieve the changes that you want, you can change things up.
0.951408	Deep Learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in 2D medical image analysis. In clinical practice; however, most analyzed and acquired medical data are formed of 3D volumes. In this paper, we present a fast and efficient 3D lung segmentation method based on V-net: a purely volumetric fully CNN. Our model is trained on chest CT images through volume to volume learning, which palliates overfitting problem on limited number of annotated training data. Adopting a pre-processing step and training an objective function based on Dice coefficient addresses the imbalance between the number of lung voxels against that of background. We have leveraged Vnet model by using batch normalization for training which enables us to use higher learning rate and accelerates the training of the model. To address the inadequacy of training data and obtain better robustness, we augment the data applying random linear and non-linear transformations. Experimental results on two challenging medical image data show that our proposed method achieved competitive result with a much faster speed.
0.987951	Ovarian steroid hormone-regulated cell proliferation is essential for the growth and development of the breast. The fact that the normal epithelium contains receptors for both estrogen and progesterone lends support to a receptor-mediated mechanism as the likely candidate for hormonal regulation of mammary gland development. Previous studies by the authors of proliferative activity in the mammary epithelium of both rats and humans have demonstrated that cell division varies with the degree of structural differentiation of the mammary parenchyma. In humans, the highest level of cell division is observed in the undifferentiated lobules type 1 (lob1) present in the breast of young nulliparous females. The progressive differentiation of lob1 into lob2 and lob3, occurring under the hormonal influence of the menstrual cycle, and the full differentiation into lob4 during pregnancy, results in a concomitant reduction in the proliferative activity of the mammary epithelium. Interestingly, the authors have also shown that the content of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the lobular structures of the breast is directly proportional to the rate of cell proliferation. The present study was designed with the purpose of verifying the relationship between cells containing steroid hormone receptors and proliferating cells in the normal human and rat mammary glands. Specifically, the purpose was to test whether the cells expressing either ER-alpha or PR were those responding to hormones by cell division, thereby supporting the postulated receptor-mediated mechanism of cell growth stimulation. The study confirms and extends recent research to show that steroid receptor containing cells and dividing cells constitute separate subpopulations of the human and rat mammary gland epithelium. These findings increase our understanding of steroid hormone control of mammary gland growth and development, and provide intriguing possibilities to explain the origins of ER-negative and ER-positive breast tumours. Normal human breast tissues (n = 12) were obtained from reduction mammoplasty specimens (age range 17-39 years). The tissues were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and processed for light microscopy and double antibody immunocytochemical detection of cell proliferation (Ki67 antibody), ER-alpha and PR using commercially available antibodies. For double labelling, horse radish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase detection systems were used. Mammary gland tissue from 55 day old virgin Sprague Dawley rats was obtained 1h after intraperitoneal injection of 3H-thymidine. The tissue was formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and processed for light microscopy and immunocytochemical detection of ER-alpha and PR using commercially available antibodies followed by autoradiography. Human: The highest percentage of proliferating epithelial cells (Ki67 positive) was observed in lob1, reducing by 3-fold and 10-fold in lob2 and lob3, respectively. The proliferating cells were almost exclusively luminal in location, while only occasional Ki67-positive cells were seen in the myoepithelium or the stroma. ER-alpha- and PR-positive cells were observed exclusively in the epithelium, with lob1 containing the highest proportion of positive cells, decreasing progressively in lob2 and lob3. Less than 1 in 15 Ki67-positive cells contained ER-alpha, while less than 1 in 50 Ki67-positive cells contained PR. When tissue sections were double labelled using antibodies to ER-alpha and PR, almost all positive cells contained both receptors. Rat:The mammary gland of young virgin rats was composed of ductal system ending in club-shaped terminal end buds (TEB) or primitive ductular, alveolar buds (AB) and lobular structures. 3H-thymidine was incorporated in 20% of cells in the TEB and was markedly lower in AB and lobules. ER-alpha and PR were detected in the epithelium lining TEB, AB and lobules, but not in the stroma. TEB contained the highest proportion of cells positive for ER-alpha and PR, and both were reduced in AB and lobules. In contrast to the human, the number of PR-positive cells was significantly higher than the number of ER-alpha-positive cells in the corresponding structures. Cells that had incorporated 3H-thymidine had photographic silver grains overlying the nucleus, but were negative for both ER-alpha and PR. However, it was observed that 3H-thymidine-labelled cells were juxtaposed to both ER-alpha and PR-positive cells. Although the expression of steroid receptors in a separate subpopulation of cells to those that proliferate has been reported previously for human breast tissue, the present study extends those findings. Additional information on dividing cells and cells expressing steroid receptors in relation to the structural differentiation of the mammary gland is reported. Secondly, the relationship between these cells and structures of the rat mammary gland is described. The results suggest that in both rat and human mammary epithelium, the control of cell proliferation by ovarian steroid hormones is likely to be indirect, possibly via secreted growth factors. The data may help to explain the origins of ER-negative and ER-positive breast tumours. The authors postulate that ER-negative tumours may arise from ER-negative dividing cells that are observed in the normal breast epithelium. In contrast, ER-positive tumours may arise from the small proportion of dividing cells that contain ER-alpha. The findings also appear to explain in vitro studies of normal breast epithelial cells where expression of the ER has not been reported. It seems likely that when cells are placed in culture, only the ER-negative dividing cells can survive and therefore may constitute the breast epithelial stem cells and their progeny. One caveat to this explanation is that it is unknown which breast cell subpopulation expresses the recently described novel form of the estrogen receptor, ER-beta.
0.948947	Extractions: I am sharpening up my claws and beak in readiness Letter of T. H. Huxley to Charles Darwin, November 23, 1859, regarding the Origin of Species Thomas Henry Huxley was one of the first adherents to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and did more than anyone else to advance its acceptance among scientists and the public alike. As is evident from the letter quoted above, Huxley was a passionate defender of Darwin's theory so passionate that he has been called "Darwin's Bulldog". But Huxley was not only the bulldog for Darwin's theory, but was a great biologist in his own right, who did original research in zoology and paleontology. Nor did he slavishly and uncritically swallow Darwin's theory; he criticized several aspects of it, pointing out a number of problems. Biography of Huxley He was born on May 4, 1825, in Ealing, near London, the seventh of eight children in a family that was none too affluent. Huxley's only childhood education was two years at Ealing school, where his father taught mathematics; this ended in 1835 when the family moved to Coventry. Despite his lack of formal education, young Huxley read voraciously in science, history, and philosophy, and taught himself German. At the age of 15, Huxley began a medical apprenticeship; soon he won a scholarship to study at Charing Cross Hospital. At 21, Huxley signed on as assistant surgeon on the H.M.S. Extractions: English biologist who became the foremost expounder of Darwinism of his time and a pioneer of the modern idea that life evolved from non-living matter. His Edinburgh lecture "On the Physical Basis of Life," in 1868, can be seen as the starting point for the scientific debate about the chemical origin of life and the final denunciation of vitalism . Pointing out that protoplasm (which he considered to be the fundamental substance of life) was made principally from the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which were combined into water, carbonic acid, and nitrogen compounds, he said: These new compounds, like the elementary bodies of which they are composed, are lifeless. But when they are brought together, under certain conditions, they give rise to the still more complex body, protoplasm, and this protoplasm exhibits the phenomenon of life. I see no break in this series of steps in molecular complication. His line of reasoning was soon taken up by Tyndall and others. Huxley's tutelage of H. G.
0.92289	How to cook lobster fresh and what to serve it with? Here are the instructions to boil lobster. Have fun!! And these are from a website. I don't own this. 1Fill a large stockpot with enough water to cover the lobsters, and bring to a boil over high heat. Step2Salt the water lightly and add lemon juice. Step3Put live lobsters headfirst into the boiling water. If you choose to kill them quickly before boiling, do this now (see Tips). Step4Allow the water to boil again, and then turn the heat down to medium. Step5Cover the pot and cook 5 minutes for the first pound and an additional 3 minutes for each additional pound. Like all shellfish, lobsters overcook almost instantly, so remove them from the water as soon as they're done. Step6Remove the lobsters from the water and drain them on paper towels. Step7To prepare the lobsters for the table, twist off each large claw, leaving the claw joints intact (there's a lot of meat in the joints). Crack the claw shell with a nutcracker or mallet. Step8Hold the body of the cooked lobster with a clean kitchen towel (it should still be hot) and twist off the tails with your hands. Remove the tail meat by separating and removing the tail shell with your fingers. Get cooking with free recipes for your dinner or party. Visit today! Find Cooking Lobster Tails now - Compare Gourmet Food & save! Many people feel it's more humane to kill the lobsters quickly just before boiling them. To do this, place the tip of a sharp knife on top of the lobster's head where the lines in the shell form a T. Bring the knife down with a quick cutting motion. At the fishmonger, select the liveliest lobster. Pick it up and feel how heavy it is. Make sure the tail curls under and the shell is not damaged. Make sure the claws are secured with bands. Lobsters overcook very quickly. For a slightly more involved cooking method that ensures tender lobsters, pour boiling water over them and let them steep for just 3 minutes. Remove the meat from the shells while still warm; then, when ready to eat, reheat the meat gently in melted butter to finish cooking it. Lobsters make a high-pitched sound when they are boiled. Although it sounds like they are crying, it is actually the result of gases being released under their shells. The lobster shells become red while they are being cooked. Use caution when handling live lobsters and when removing lobsters from boiling. "another way to cook a "live" lobster would be to kill it first by stabbing it in the head" Lobsters don't have an autonomic nervous system that forces it into shock or shut down immediately...they actually suffer through this. Can I cook cabbage in olive oil? then do whatever you want with it. How do you adjust cooking times from regular to slow cooking? By "fresh", do you mean live? To cook a live lobster (and, as a chef, I've always refused to do this), you need to first plank it so it doesn't curl up (tie it to a small board), then throw it in boiling water. Hopefully the high pitch squeal doesn't put you off. If it's lobster tail, then you have more options. You can bake it, grill it, boil it, poach it...no limits. Serve it up with a nice lemon sauce and accompany it with some seasoned kettle chips. How do you make lobster bisque? Can you cook with mango peels? Why are you not supposed to cook with a cold pan? How do I cook a steak, not outside on the grill? Why is it you have to cook lobster while its still alive? What's something fun that I can cook?
0.989218	Social anxiety can often contribute to people feeling like they are alone. Automatic thoughts such as, “I’m too awkward”, “I can’t make friends”, and “Everyone thinks I’m weird”, are hallmarks of social anxiety. These thoughts can make it difficult to reach out for help. Group therapy for social anxiety has been shown to help! Groups provide a safe place where individuals can gain support and understand that their struggles are common. Universality: Individuals with social anxiety often feel that they are alone in their struggles. Groups can help you understand that you are not the only one going through this. Being in a group setting with others who are working toward the same goal can help deter the feelings of isolation. It can also provide relief to know that the struggles you are having are common. Altruism: Helping others feels good. A group setting provides an opportunity to help others by inviting feedback between group members. Group members find that being able to provide others with support and advice is empowering, and can help respond to negative thoughts about their self-worth. Feedback: A key practice that occurs in social anxiety groups is the opportunity to work on social skills in the moment. Individuals often have a perception of how they engage socially. A group setting is an opportunity to get real-time feedback on social interactions and to practice new ways of engaging. Let’s say a client gets the feedback that her effort to give people space when she first meets them is perceived as rude or standoffish. Having gotten that feedback in group, she can now practice acting in a way that is more inviting of friendships. Practice: Groups also contain a built in way to practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy exposures. Exposure therapy is designed to safely allow a person to approach their feared situation in a hierarchical way. In a group, you already have a supportive environment to practice engaging these fears such as giving a speech in front of an audience or having safe people to practice small talk with. Education: Groups also allow for learning through modeling and observing. Seeing someone else work through his or her fear can be motivating and encouraging. It gives the opportunity to see how others work through an exposure and allows each person the ability to model their success. Financially: Group therapy is a cost effective way to provide treatment, particularly for social anxiety disorder, where the nature of the struggle lies in interacting with other people. Groups are typically less expensive than individual therapy services and are shown to be just as, if not more, effective (Hofmann, 20). Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy is considered the “gold standard treatment for social anxiety” (Hofmann, 20). It focuses on both the negative thoughts associated with social anxiety and the resulting emotions and behaviors (or avoidances). In a CBT group for social anxiety, the goal is to learn that social situations are not as threatening as they seem. This is done through first identifying and then challenging the negative thoughts. A person will take the time to think about what is it that they are afraid will happen in a social situation, and then they test it out. Group members learn to set objective goals for themselves and judge their progress based on those goals instead of by how anxious they feel. The group provides warmth and support during this process as well as an outsider’s perspective on the ability of each person to accomplish their goal. This can reinforce the learning process that occurs through the exposures in group. Group therapy is not the only option for help with social anxiety and it is not always the best fit for everyone. Groups require the ability to provide and receive support and feedback. Individual therapy can be a good stepping-stone to groups when applicable. A combination of group and individual therapy can be an effective approach for social anxiety. Hofmann, S. G., & Otto, M. W. (2008). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: Evidence-Based and Disorder-Specific Treatment Techniques. New York, NY: Routledge. This entry was posted in Anxiety, Blog, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Introversion, Self Esteem, Social Anxiety and tagged anxiety, avoidance, CBT, cognitive restructuring, cognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, homosexuality and social anxiety, introvert, self esteem, social anxiety, social anxiety counseling, social anxiety therapy, social connection, social phobia. Bookmark the permalink.
0.999999	Rolex also announced that funding will be increased to allow some changes to the Arts Initiative, which began in 2002. It now has a major-name roster of mentor and protégé alumni, including David Chipperfield, Anish Kapoor, Mira Nair, Alejandro González Iñárritu, Alexei Ratmansky, Robert Wilson, Jessye Norman, Pico Iyer, Margaret Atwood, Nicholas Hlobo and David Aaron Carpenter. An earlier version of this article misstated which novelist had been a past mentor in a Rolex arts program. Margaret Atwood was a mentor in the initiative, not Margaret Drabble.
0.999996	Write a review on Epic Nutrition 8 Beta-Anabol! 8-BetaAnabol is the world's first performance nutrition drink shown to augment the benefits of training on muscle growth, strength and endurance when consumed during workouts. To optimize lean muscle gains and improve athletic performance, you must consume the right nutrients in the correct ratios at the right time. 8-BetaAnabol takes the latest in nutrient science and delivers a clinically proven product to help you achieve your performance or physique goals. Several studies have demonstrated that the exact blend of essential amino acids and carbohydrates in 8-BetaAnabol can increase the anabolic response of resistance training, reduce the damage from high intensity exercise and accelerate recovery between workouts. Beta Alanine has been shown to increase carnosine levels in the muscle, which can lead to increased training volume, improved endurance, the delay neuromuscular fatigue and an increased anaerobic threshold. This intra-workout product by Epic Performance is a pretty good one. Personally, I liked the taste quite a bit. I also like the profile if I was on a bulk, cut, not so much. It has a 6g blend of amino acids and 3g of beta alanine with 35g of sugar. It's a nice simple formula and good for specific goals. Although, I did not feel the BA tingles with this or any other BA product for that matter.. Intra-workout products are all the rage, and 8 Beta-Anabol is no different. Amino Acids and Beta Alanine for recovery with some carbs added in for energy. I didn't really care for the taste of this, though; you'd think something with 35 grams of sugar would taste a lot better. Mixability was also pretty poor. I'm not crazy about the nutritional profile, either. The Amino Acids and BA are nice, but I might as well have a Snickers if I'm gonna have 35 grams of sugar - at least it would taste awesome. I wouldn't recommend this for those on a cut, as one serving is 140 calories; something like Purple Wraath would probably be a better choice. This product is intended to be taken during your workout with its mixture of amino acids and beta-alanine. My blender bottle was used along with some ice cubes and I sipped on some throughout my workout. I was feeling the tingles coming on and pushed myself harder. Endurance and recovery were up as I repped out on some lifts. The taste is amazing as the amazing bege-alanine tingled during my workout and endurance was noted.
0.999039	Find the order and degree of the following recurrence relation. Also, determine whether they are homogeneous or non-homogeneous. Constant coefficient and non constant coefficient.
0.999563	Column: does Maya Moore news symbolize end of Lynx dynasty? Father (or in this case, mother) time is undefeated. As they are maxims in life, they are also maxims in sports. The decade of the 2010s will always be looked at in the history of women’s basketball as the decade of the Minnesota Lynx. Four championships in seven seasons with virtually the same group of core players intact throughout that impressive run. The four championships tied the WNBA’s original dynasty – the Houston Comets – for most titles in WNBA history. Lynx fans are used to seeing their team bring WNBA championships to the Land of 10,000 Lakes in even numbered seasons. That alone would have meant a title in 2018 would be bucking a trend. But 2018 by Minnesota standards was more trying than the usual non-championship season. The Lynx finished 18-16 and were eliminated in the first round of last season’s playoffs by their arch rival Los Angeles Sparks. Lindsay Whalen was transitioning to her new role as head coach of the women’s basketball team at the University of Minnesota while playing her final season with the Lynx. And in recent news that sent shockwaves throughout the WNBA community, it was reported that Maya Moore, who had been at the center of Minnesota’s odd-yeared, 2010s dynasty, intended to sit out the upcoming 2019 season. The timing of the news was interesting because it came days after the Lynx had “cored” (aka the WNBA’s version of the franchise tag) Moore. DeWanna Bonner and Tina Charles were also cored by the Phoenix Mercury and New York Liberty, respectively. Maya Moore reportedly wants to sit out the 2019 WNBA season, get traded from the Lynx or retire. If this is true, then the conclusion most may come to is that her time in Minnesota has come to a close. Who knows – she too may be reading the tea leaves and noticed last season when a bunch of other teams surpassed the Lynx to the top of the W’s food chain. The worst-case scenario for the Lynx is that it does indeed feel like the end of the Minnesota dynasty. Whalen’s gone, Moore appears to have at least one foot out the door, and as great as Sylvia Fowles, Rebekkah Brunson, and Seimone Augustus are, they are not getting any younger either. If this is the case, the questions will be abound as to which team will take Minnesota’s place. The logical answer after last season would be the Seattle Storm, but who knows what the Storm would look like long term sans Sue Bird, who has won three championships throughout her career in Seattle. Perhaps the Connecticut Sun could be a possibility if they are able to keep their young core together for the long haul. To many basketball fans, though, this may not be much of a surprise that Maya Moore wanted to potentially sit out the 2019 season ala Angel McCoughtry in 2017. When the All-Star Game took place in Minneapolis last year, she was not as heavily involved as was originally advertised. She did win her third consecutive All-Star Game MVP, but she was also expected to take part as one of the team captains with the game undergoing a new format as opposed to the traditional East vs. West slate. She also did not participate with Team USA when they traveled to Spain for last year’s FIBA World Cup – which the Stars and Stripes still won. It appears crystal clear that the wear and tear of so much basketball play year-round has taken a toll on the four-time champion. If anyone deserves a rest from all of the hustle and bustle that is women’s basketball, it is Moore. And if this is, indeed, the end of Moore’s career with the Lynx, Glen Taylor already needs to be working on building a statue of her outside Target Center. And who knows – ala McCoughtry, she may come back rested and refreshed in 2020 stronger than ever. But the news involving Moore may just indeed signify not only a transition for the future Basketball Hall of Famer herself, but also for the WNBA as a whole. A WNBA that no longer has to look its eyes north to see “whose house” it is.
0.960777	"Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely," said Lord Acton, and this was certainly true of the Church at this time. "I say this for that, if I was able to observe aright, no piety, no devoutness, no good work or example of life or other what did I see there in any who was Churchman: nay lust, covetise, gluttony and the like and worse ... And as far as I judge, meseemeth your chief pastor and consequently all others endeavor with all diligence and all their wit and every art to bring to nought and to banish from the world the [values of the] Christian religion ..." Why didn't the Church want the common people to read the Bible? Just imagine what might happen if the serfs should get a hold of a Bible and find out what it actually said about the obligations of every person (even "his lordship" and "his eminence") of loving his neighbor and of treating him with equality since all human beings were created in the image of God. "Despite its anxiety to save man's souls from the perdition of earthly pursuits in order to preserve it for the salvation of the life after death, the medieval Church insulated pupils from the dangerous contamination of Scriptures. Only those entering holy orders were allowed to study theology and delve into Holy Writ. Unsupervised, independent exploration of the Bible was tantamount to heresy and only clerics in good standing were permitted to expound Scripture from a Latin text incomprehensible to the Christian masses." In 1506, the Church of Rome undertook one of its grandest and most expensive projects ― the building of a new St. Peter's Basilica as the centerpiece of the Vatican. The Church was to be so lavish and so huge that, when completed 150 years later, it was the largest Church ever built and it remained so until 1989. Pope Sixtus IV's fund-raising campaign touted indulgences which would free your deceased loved ones suffering in purgatory. Church envoys resorted to imitating the anguished wailing of parents who, in the throes of holy purification fires, pleaded with their children to buy an indulgence and ease their torment. One creative envoy, a Dominican monk by the name of Johann Tetzel, made up a little ditty: "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs." At the height of the indulgence sale, Martin Luther, an Augustinian friar from Germany, traveled to Rome and was shocked by what he saw. How could the Church sell God's gifts to the highest bidder? And how could the bishops and cardinals behave with such moral laxity and worldliness? Luther returned home and was plunged into a crisis of faith. He resolved his dilemma by coming up with the theory of grace, which would later become part of the Protestant theology. This theory holds that salvation comes by God's grace ― or God's indulgence, so to speak. A gift from God could clearly not be sold by the Church. Full of youthful idealistic zeal (he was only 34 at the time), Luther posted his protest ― the now famous "Ninety-Five Theses" ― on the door of All Saints Church in Wittenberg, on October 31, 1517. A mere fifty years before Luther's protest, Johann Gutenberg had perfected a system of making metal letters in moulds, setting them in rows, and using the templates thus formed to print multiple copies of a document in minutes, which previously would have had to be copied tediously by hand over many hours. When this incredible printing machine was applied to Luther's "Ninety Five Theses" ― which, in effect, represented an indictment of the Church ― all hell broke loose. What might have been a local dispute, with the protestant muzzled by his excommunication, became a public controversy that spread far and wide. Martin Luther's new religion, called Protestantism, got a lot of backing across northern Europe from the nobles who were more than happy to throw the Church out of their land and seize the Church's wealth. The Church had its allies as well, and Europe was thrown into the Thirty Years War (1618-1648). This war, which was primarily between Protestants and Catholics, meant a lot of bloodshed and loss of life and destruction.(1) And it had a big impact on the Jews. Luther had seen how shamefully the Church had treated the Jews, and he had a plan to change that(2). He was sure that the reason that Jews did not convert to Christianity was that they couldn't stomach the corruption of the Church. Now the Jews would see that the Protestants were different and that they would be nice to the Jews. And then, the Jews would all become Christians. Naturally, the Jews didn't go for Protestantism either. Their allegiance to Judaism and the Torah had nothing to do with the Christians being nasty to them. To Jews, Christianity was a false religion from the start, and the behavior of the Christians over the years only proved it. Now Martin Luther would further add to that proof. As soon as the Jews rejected his overtures and didn't start converting en masse, Luther, who took this rejection personally, turned into one of the most virulent anti-Semites in history. Four hundred years later, Hitler and the Nazis, using Luther's anti-Jewish writings in their anti-Jewish propaganda, would put that plan into action. 1) Although it was ostensibly a religious conflict between Protestant and Catholics, the rivalry between the Austrian Habsburg dynasty and other powers was a more central motive, as shown by the fact that Catholic France supported the Protestant side in order to weaken the Habsburgs, thereby furthering France's position as the pre-eminent European power. This increased the France-Habsburg rivalry which led later to direct war between France and Spain. 2) Luther actually lived in a part of Germany from where the Jews had long-since been expelled. It may well be that he, like William Shakespeare, never actually met a Jew. 3) Alexis P. Rubin ed., Scattered Among the Nations-Documents Affecting Jewish History 49 to 1975. (Jason Aronson, 1993), pp 94-96. I began to see the light ! I've burned mid-night oil to have finished the crash course non-stop for fear of loss of continuity in the time tunnel of 6,000 years long. By the time I got to the other end of the tunnel, it's daybreak and I began to see the light !! I've read some of the comments and I realise that christians are not realy loved and trusted. I am a christian too...I can't blame you... when I read about what happend in the past ...it makes me screem. I love jews; I have jewish friends and I appreciate them and I find it a privilege to know them; they are so very special to me. And what makes me more glad is that they trust me and care about me as well... I hate antisemitism and racism and everything that puts one man above others; we are all the same in G~d's eyes, though I look at jewish people and see them a little more special, because God choose them (you) to bring light into the world through you, when He gave the Torah at Mount Sinai... May G~d bless the jews all over the world! St Paul is responsible for all this. Paul's writings transformed an obscure Jewish holy man into the Son of God of the Gentiles.We have him to blame for all that flowed from that.Some are of the opinion that he was deranged.He certainly seemed to be a woman hater.The Romans helped by exterminating Jesus' original Jewish followers in AD70,thus leaving no other version of Christianity but Paul's.On the subject of the Church's monopoly on Truth;Tyndall,the translator of the Bible into English was stabbed to death by the Pope's assasins while in Holland arranging for his bible to be printed.The Da Vinci Code isn't half as good a yarn as what really happened. Thank you again R. Spiro for this scholarly written albeit sad article. The disgraceful comments of Martin Luther after he saw he couldn't influence The Jewish People are rabidly antisemitic. They reek of hatred. "Whenever you encounter a real Jew, you may in good faith make the sign of the cross and openly and fearlessly pronounce the words `This is a veritable devil". "Therefore....."do not doubt and never forget, beloved Christians, that apart from Satan himself, you possess no more deadly poisonous, and dreadful enemy than a real Jew. I know that. They poison wells, kidnap and maltreat children....." Hitler and all the evil Nazis leaned heavily on these anti semitic comments and made use of these comments toarouse anti-semitic feelings in Germany. May G-d have mercy on The Jewish People! It distresses me to see Christ used when referring to Jesus. Christ is the Anglicized version of Christus (Latin) from Christos (Greek) meaning anointed. Christians use the term to signify Savior. I understand why Christians use the name, and I would hope that Jews would not use that terminology in referense to Jesus. But I have seen it in other Jewish sites. Jesus of Nazareth taught repentance first. Repentance requires knowing what the sin is and turning away from it, right? Catholic Christians, Evangelical Christians, any kind of Christians have a religion that has the premise that Judaism is "defective" and that Christianity is the "correction." It says that those who fail or refuse to "recognize" this are under satanic influence (damnable and sub-human). Spiro's example of Luther is just one illustrating this. This is the core of Christianity, the reason for its existence. Love, peace, forgiveness, etc., is not unique at all to Christianity. Until people cease to engage in a religion that subverts Judaism, there will always be a ready-made excuse sitting in the "theological gun closet" for Christians to take out to use on Jews at will. Then they will put away the "gun" and expect forgiveness when they are tired of "shooting" us. The same Christians who love Jews on Sunday or on TV may throw beer bottles at your house on Shabbat, harass you at work, or sabotage your career. These are our friends? No thanks. Reading Hagee's book regarding Cristians support for Israel. The storys parallel. Reading this article along with the comments has given me so much to contemplate. I haven't quite sorted it all out yet, but I can say this, that my whole understanding has been challenged and I have been given much food for thought. I have always loved the Jewish People and been drawn to them. As I got older it dawned on me that perhaps my ancestors from Germany were Jews who converted to survive. My own mother and grandmother practiced many kosher ways, and our family's type of humor is very Jewish. I might have Jewish blood in me. If that oneday is found to be true, I will immediately begin converting to Judaism! Thank you for enlightening us all. I have never seen him as man of faith, but rather as a man of ambition whose playing field just happened to be Christianity. He wanted his ideas to become the most important in Christendom. He guessed that should he succeed in winning over the Jews to his brand of Christianity, he'd beat Rome. So he treated us well for a time. When the Jews didn't play along with his plan to use us to satisfy his ambition, he then decided to blame us for his failure. Why? Because his ideas didn't catch on in his lifetime and in that gentile world, Jews couldn't fight back. Your postscript is a good thing, but is also disconcerting. While I certianly would not lump all Christians together any more than I would wish them to do the same with Jews, I do think that the past should inform our actions in the future. As Jews we forgive, but we should not forget the lessons of the past and should be very aware of the position we place ourselves in when we place the security of Israel in gentile hands. We should welcome the friendship of evangelicals and their support of Israel, but should always remember that their support of Israel and Jews is for some based on their reading of the apocalyptic book of Revelations where we serve as witnesses (at best)to their faith's final solution for the world's problems. We are part of their plan to win, much like we were part of Luther's. As Jews we know that Jesus isn't coming back from the dead in a blaze of glory. We believe that their plans for us will fail. If we chose to ally ourselves too closely with evangelicals, we should beware of what is likely to happen when their plans for us, like those Luther had for us, fail. Luther was an anti-Semite, Hitler borrowed his ideas and Dietrich Bonhoeffer a Lutheran pastor saved many Jews during the Holocaust. Martin Luther was hardly mentally disturbed; he was a product of his culture and his time. He may have understood the corruption in the Roman Catholic Church but he could not see beyond the idea of converting Jews and others to Christ under a different model. Christianity's basic tenet is to get others to accept Christ as their messiah and son of G-d. Living in harmony with other religions was not a popular idea in 1514; it was just a question of which religion was most politically powerful. Separation of Church and State was a truly radical idea implemented in the US and yet there were many obstacles, e.g., William Penn allowed Catholics to worship only if in secret. Today we have George Bush's version of Christianity influencing many of his ideas from science to war. But at least in the US there is the rule of law via the Constitution to separate religion and government. Martin Luther's Protestantism sorely backfired. Sorry to keep commenting but you're really making me think, and I thank you. I've read the true story of Luther many times before and I still wonder why, if the man, read the bible, protested against the Catholic church, then why did he become so hateful (unless he already was) towards the Jewish people? Could it be that he was "tainted" by years of Catholic teaching? Despite the fact that in the beginning he meant well, he allowed "his" pride to get in the way and therefore could not handle the fact that the Jewish people were not going to convert. I still have evangelical friends that admire Martin Luther and have no clue as to the horrible acts, deeds, this man committed. I make sure to share that part of history with them. As a descendant of Spaniard and Portuguese Jews that settled in Guatemala in the 1500's I want you to know that I find all you have written totally fascinating and educational. In the end I think it's a matter of the heart. Why else would people reading the same bible choose to either love us or hate us? It's bizarre. I just pray that G-d blesses greatly those that choose to bless us and may His vengeance be great on those that hate us and act on their hate. I have learned a great deal about Church history and how the church has set out to destroy the Jews from the 2nd century onward and this has caused me great pain in my soul. How can the Church be good when there has been so much evil in it? How can anyone remain a Christian after learning all this horrible history? Even so Christianity is idolatry. If you “love” Jews leave them alone, do not make them Christians (Jews would be committing blasphemy by worshiping a man). It is the Jewish teaching that has the word of the Almighty, Blessed be His name NOT Christianity. I have in the last three years turned my back on Christianity and have started following the seven Noachyde laws as prescribed by Torah. I suggest that all Christians go and study and do likewise. christianity hated Judaism-tryu to remove their the beginnings of their faith. It was well done. Imagine the number of Jews in the world today had we not been hounded for our faith. We were far ahead of other relgions and they despised us for being! So the christians don't like hearing the truth about their religion. Too bad! Truth is truth and while some may be better today, christians, both catholic, protestant and other still practice hatred against the Jews--and others. These history lessons are wonderful!! Thank you so very much. I do appreciate them. I had such respect for Luther as an enemy of corruption; now, I am disheartened to see he was an enemy of the Jews. I was not exposed to this dark side of history in my college history class -- I am happy that you have shed light on it. Shalom....Thanks very much for the importants articles by Rabbi Ken Spiro. I learn in each article published. It is a blessing from Hashem. Estas publicaciones son verdaderamente excelentes, gracias por ello. While knowlege should advance civilization, this is not always the case because the virlent Jew canards were printed by Martin Luther and were not refuted. Jews have given the world monotheim. A system of laws and commandments that stopped human sacrifice to the gods. This advanced civilization even to this day. Just like to congratulate Rabbi Spiro on an excellent job - well written, lucid and to the point. This is a great work. Congratulations. Now, I must admit that this is probalby one of the best short history of a people ever written. Your work helps Jews and non-Jews alike to understand the history of the Jewsish people and how they suffered throuhg out most of their history. Anti-semitism always bothered me but it also puzzled me as to why educated people like Germans were almost united to commit the barbaic holocost. Well, I just finishd reading the capter 'Reformation and the Jews'. I am disgusted and shockingly surpirsed to see that a man like Luther, a great scholar (so I thought), was so cruel when it comes to the Jews whose only crime was that they did not buy his version of Christianity. As I said I am disgusted but I am puzzeled no more. With much interest I have read every lesson so far, very interesting and educational. I feel much remorse for the Jewish people. As a Christian, I've repented many times for what the early so called Christians did to the Jewish people. May God forgive us. Keep these wonderful lessons coming! I guess it was okay that Luther did not recant his 'Ninety-Five Theses'. However, I strongly hope that he recanted all he wrote in his 'Concerning The Jews And Their Lies' before he died. But nevertheless, it was too late. I love your series. Please keep 'em coming! Very much enjoyed and learned from this article about Protestantism and the Reformation. Your article was most inspiring to me because it introduced me to a form of world history. In the article I would have liked to have some additional details about the lives of Jews during the activities written above. I read with interest yours, and other Jewish commentators articles. I along with many others are following the unfolding events in the Middle East with concern and prayer. This is certainly a serious time for not only Jews but all of the "free world". The history of the church is in many circumstances, sad especially the acts of Crusaders and Rome for which many of today's Christians have repented and apologised. As a Christian myself, may I say, I and many of our friends love Israel. We display Israel's flag along with America's, and Australia's in our church. We constantly pray over the flags, especially Israel's, for peace and salvation. May I encourage yourself and other Hebrew commentators to not only hold forth regarding the issues of the past, regrettable as it is, but to take note of the present climate towards yourselves and take some heart. I feel the constant reminder of the unfortunate past only holds open, even could encourage the very things that you wish to see ended. May G-d continue to bless you. Thank you very much for the series. It is incredible, it is not only a crash course in Jewish History but it is also a crash course in Chrisitan History. Our family names contain people that are Santangel(o) and Morrano. Both these names were mentioned in the Spanish Inquesition. Is there a reliable source for tracing our family tree. I know from source - that its origin comes from Spain but ended up in Italy. Blessing to you and Israel. As I read this article, I wondered how many people who go to a Lutheran Church know his history,more importantly, how many would care? Of course it is with shame that Protestant Christians read about Luther. Not being a history buff I am not able to speak about the wider Protestant attitude towards the Jews, though I am sure that there were many other Protestants who also did not act as their Lord required. On the other hand it would make a useful study to broaden the scope of inquiry beyond Luther. What about Calvin? While the Nazis built on Luther to persecute, may it not be that many of the Dutch Calvinists built on Calvin to hide and protect the Jews? Christian Church did that he found so intolerable.
0.906683	By CNN'S RYAN NOBLES AND DANIELLE HACKETT CONTRIBUTED TO THIS REPORT. Republican candidate Mark Harris plans to ask a North Carolina court Thursday to certify the results of the state's unsettled 9th Congressional District election, his attorney told CNN. (CNN) - Republican candidate Mark Harris plans to ask a North Carolina court Thursday to certify the results of the state's unsettled 9th Congressional District election, his attorney told CNN. Harris leads Democrat Dan McCready by 905 votes in unofficial tallies of the race, but the state elections board has repeatedly refused to certify the results, instead spending more than a month investigating accusations that an operative for a firm hired by Harris was involved in illegal absentee ballot-collection schemes. Harris' move comes after North Carolina elections staff had to postpone a previously scheduled hearing into accusations of ballot fraud in the race. "We've been expecting a hearing, but now we have no choice," Harris' attorney David Freedman told CNN. "We're not trying to circumvent the state board's investigation, but we do want it to move along as quickly as possible." Freedman told CNN that despite the planned lawsuit, Harris will meet with board investigators Thursday as scheduled. "We're prepared to answer any and all questions that the state board has for Dr. Harris. We plan to be candid," Freedman said. Harris' meeting with investigators and his planned legal action will come the same day he had hoped to be sworn in as a new member of the 116th Congress. The board dissolved last week as part of an ongoing legal battle over its composition. Without members it can't hold hearings, grant election certificates or call for new elections until a new law governing the board goes into effect at the end of the month. Gov. Roy Cooper had hoped to appoint an interim board that would've served until then to allow the hearing, which had been scheduled for January 11, to take place. But North Carolina Republicans refused to submit names to fill the two GOP seats on the five-member board, and Cooper didn't want to go forward with an exclusively Democratic board, according to a statement from his office. "Quickly rooting out real election fraud should be a bipartisan effort. Today in North Carolina, we have a Board of Elections with five empty chairs because Republicans are blocking the way," Cooper said in the statement. The North Carolina GOP responded that it thought Cooper's plan was unlawful and would've hurt public confidence in the election system. "Our unwillingness to participate in the creation of an unlawful 'interim' State Board of Elections results from a desire to ensure that any future investigation surrounding the Ninth Congressional District election is open, fair, and transparent, and not tainted by actions taken by an illegal board," state GOP Chairman Robin Hayes said in a statement. If Harris' legal action is unsuccessful, the 9th District could be without representation until at least February, or even longer if the new board decides to call for a new election. "Absent evidence that rises to the level of having changed the outcome of the race, or a substantial likelihood the outcome of the race could have been altered, Dr. Harris should be certified."
0.999964	Aim: Aim: How to make a Line Graph? 1. Five large test tubes were filled with water containing bromthymol blue and enough carbon dioxide to result in a yellow color. An elodea plant was placed in each test tube. The tubes were then placed at varying distances from a light source. The number of oxygen bubbles given off from each plant was counted and recorded as indicated in the data table below. On the graph please do all of the following: - Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled "Distance from Light Source." - Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled "Bubbles per Minute." - Plot the data on the graph. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the points. 2. Nondiabetic individuals have a blood glucose concentration before breakfast of 80 to 90 milligrams per 100 deciliters of blood. A blood glucose level before breakfast above 110 milligrams per 100 deciliters of blood indicates diabetes. Two patients suspected of being diabetic are given a glucose tolerance test before breakfast. Each patient ingests a glucose solution and undergoes periodic measurements to determine blood glucose levels. The results are represented in the data table below.
0.999994	From the wrestling-addicted putz who brought you The History of WWE WrestleMania, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series comes the Enuffa.com History of WWE Royal Rumble! The annual tradition that generally garners one of WWE's best buyrates of the year, the Royal Rumble is considered the official kickoff to WrestleMania season. Angles and feuds are set up at the January PPV that lead directly to WWE's biggest show. It all centers around the 30-man (or occasionally 40-man) Rumble match, where the participants draw numbers to determine their order of entry. Two men start the match and the rest are added at regular intervals (usually either 90 seconds or two minutes). The object is to eliminate your opponents by throwing them over the top rope. The last man standing is guaranteed a WWE Title match at WrestleMania. The Rumble is usually one of the most fun matches of the year, as it's heavy on surprises and twists, and superstars are created or solidified. This match type more than any other lends itself to group viewing and betting pools (For example my friends and I each draw numbers and whichever wrestlers correspond to our numbers, that's who we bet on). Initially the Rumble match was simply a novelty, and the first edition was offered on free cable as counterprogramming to the NWA's Bunkhouse Stampede PPV. Once again Vince tried to put the kibosh on Jim Crockett's PPV hopes, and once again Crockett's show flopped (In retaliation Crockett ran the free Clash of the Champions event opposite WrestleMania IV). The inaugural Rumble match only featured 20 wrestlers, and no main event stars. The following year it was expanded to 30 men and broadcast on PPV, and a few years later the stakes were raised by making the Royal Rumble winner the automatic top contender for WrestleMania. The best Rumble matches tend to be the ones heaviest on star power, as the field of realistic winners is larger and less predictable. But there have certainly been exceptions to that rule. Here now is the History of WWE Royal Rumble! As I said before, the first Rumble was a free TV special and mostly featured midcard bouts. It was the brainchild of Pat Patterson, who test-ran the concept a few times on house shows with enough positive feedback to make the match a televised event. The show opened with a singles bout between Rick Rude and Ricky Steamboat. This was fine but ran a bit long, especially given the DQ ending. It was the first instance I ever saw of the fans chanting "Rudy Rudy RUUU-DAAAY", which I found amusing. Nothing too memorable, but it was an okay match. One of two featured non-wrestling segments saw Dino Bravo attempt to break the bench press record set by Ted Arcidi. Holy lord was this boring. Essentially this consisted of Dino lifting the barbell, Jesse Ventura adding plates to it, and Dino lifting it again. Dino broke the record with obvious help from Ventura, creating controversy that paid off with.....nothing. This segment didn't lead to any sort of feud or angle. Next up was the culimation of a feud launched at the '87 Survivor Series - WWF Women's Tag Champions the Glamour Girls vs. The Jumping Bomb Angels. The JBA displayed some excellent ringwork at Survivor Series and the WWF struck quickly by giving them a 2-out-of-3 Falls Title match here. This was a lot of fun and served as the Angels' crowning moment. Unfortunately there was no followup and the Women's Tag belts were soon forgotten (The Glamour Girls regained the belts five months later in Japan, only to vacate them the following February). This match was worth a watch, and was incidentally the first 2/3 Falls match I ever saw. They're not women, they're ladies. The Royal Rumble consisted of twenty midcarders and was a fun battle royal. Bret Hart distinguished himself by starting the match and lasting over twenty-five minutes. Thus began the "long man" tradition where one guy lasts longer than anyone else in the match and gets a bit of a rub, win or lose. I usually find that the most compelling story thread in the bout. Another fun thing about the Rumble was the freshness of seeing face vs. face and heel vs. heel exchanges, which in the 80s especially was a rare thing. Anyway the match boiled down to Jim Duggan vs. One Man Gang, with "Hacksaw" coming out on top. There was little real consequence to this as it was akin to a midcarder winning a regular battle royal, the only prize being bragging rights. This Rumble was a promising start to the tradition but the company didn't quite know what they had yet. What is it about a buncha dudes beating each other up that's such fun? Typical of live TV specials of the time, the main event was put on earlier than usual to ensure it got enough time, and any leftover airtime went to an undercard match. In this case it was another 2/3 Falls tag match between The Islanders and The Young Stallions. Pretty forgettable stuff, and obviously anticlimactic coming after the Rumble match. The '88 Rumble was obviously not a PPV-quality event, but it was a fun little TV special and served as an interesting prototype for what the Rumble event would become. Worth a watch more for historic purposes than anything else. What I'd Change: Where were Randy Savage and Ted Dibiase?? Also what was the point of the weightlifting segment? Most Pleasant Surprise: Nothing much. Given the positive reception for the '88 TV special, the WWF expanded the event in 1989 and put it on PPV. The Rumble field was increased to 30 participants and featured all the company's top stars. The '89 show on paper looks like a one-match card, which was kind of a trend early on. The Rumble itself was so stacked there wasn't much talent left over for the rest of the show. The opening match ended up sort of stealing the show though, as The Hart Foundation and Jim Duggan took on The Rougeau Brothers and Dino Bravo in a 2/3 Falls match. This was fast-paced and very well-worked. A strong opener. Wait, was this a 4-on-3 handicap match? What's the camera guy doing in their corner? The big non-wrestling segment of this show was a posedown between The Ultimate Warrior and Rick Rude, designed to start their long feud. As with all posedowns this was silly, but business picked up when Rude whacked Warrior with a workout bar. Next was a throwaway Women's Title match, as Rockin' Robin defended against Judy Martin. This would be the last high-profile Women's Title bout for several years. An odd heel vs. heel match was next as King Harley Race, recently disowned by Bobby Heenan, defended his crown against Haku. Pretty nondescript stuff, as the aging Race was phased out of active competition. The Rumble match itself was a much bigger deal this time as it featured main event stars including Hulk Hogan and WWF Champion Randy Savage. The opening minutes were noteworthy for entrants 1 & 2 being Ax and Smash. Rather than resting until the third entrant arrived, they decided to beat the snot out of each other, much to the delight of the crowd. This Rumble match was a lot of fun for about the first two thirds but the excitement more or less died after Savage and Hogan were tossed out. The remainder of the match featured mostly midcard guys and ended with the returning Big John Studd getting the win. Rather an odd choice given how short his babyface run ended up. I guess this was kind of a Lifetime Achievement Award for Studd. Oh man....Ax vs. Smash? KABOOOM!! Brain just exploded. The first PPV edition was arguably a step up from the '88 version, with much greater star power and a full hour of Rumble. It took the WWF a few years to find a balance between a star-studded Rumble match and a well-rounded overall card (undercard wrestlers pulling double duty is generally the best way to achieve this), but this was a fun and inoffensive little PPV. What I'd Change: Give the Rumble win to someone who would benefit from it. Either Perfect or Dibiase probably. Most Disappointing Match: I guess the Rumble just because the last third is fairly dull. Here's where they started to solidify the format of the Rumble PPVs. The 1990 edition was the first show that felt like a full PPV lineup at least. The roster was deep enough for four undercard matches plus a pretty stacked Rumble bout. Nothing on this show was exactly good and the ending pissed me off to no end, but at least they were ironing out the format kinks. The opening match was a rematch from 'Mania V which wasn't any good the first time - The Bushwhackers vs. The Rougeaus. The difference here was these two teams were given over thirteen minutes. Yikes. I don't think Butch and Luke ever had a good WWF match, which was a shame given their pre-WWF body of work as sadistic heels. Next was Brutus Beefcake vs. "The Genius" Lanny Poffo. Not much to write home about here either. The one strong undercard match was third, as Greg Valentine and Ronnie Garvin faced off in a Submission match. This was better than it really had any right to be. About sixteen minutes of solid work with Garvin getting the win. He was gone from the company not long after. Ah, the ol' Figure Four Rollover. Fourth was another forgettable encounter - Jim Duggan vs. The Big Bossman. Ten minutes of nondescript brawling ending in a DQ. The 1990 Rumble match boasted the deepest field of talent thus far and featured several respectable longevity stints, with the standout being Ted Dibiase's 44-plus minutes. This match was really all about planting the seeds for Hulk Hogan vs. The Ultimate Warrior at WrestleMania, and sure enough those two came to blows for the first time ever. After nearly 59 minutes WWF Champion Hogan eliminated Rick Rude and Mr. Perfect to win the Rumble. This struck me as a missed opportunity to elevate a rising heel star. Since Hogan and Perfect were in the midst of a mini-feud I would've given Perfect the win here (as I believe was the plan until Terry decided just being WWF Champion wasn't enough). Having Hogan win the Rumble only solidified him as being in a different league than everyone else, which usually makes for a pretty boring Title run. Lame ending aside this was probably the best Rumble match to date. I mean look at his hair for Chrissake. Why was the skullet ever acceptable? As with every 1990 WWF PPV this was far from great. But the company was slowly figuring out the best format for a Rumble PPV, as far as presenting a decent undercard as well as a strong Rumble field. Just like the previous year's Survivor Series, this didn't really elevate anyone except Hogan, but it set the stage for the big Hogan-Warrior match. What I'd Change: As I said, Perfect should've won the Rumble to set him up as a top heel challenger for both Hogan and Warrior. Most Disappointing Match: Just the ending of the Rumble. Better than WrestleMania VI, SummerSlam '90 and/or Survivor Series 1990? - Yes, no, and probably.
0.999314	How to speed up tanki loading speed? How Can I speed up the loading speed for tanki. It takes about 2-5 min to load recently. Well Google doesn't require many resources, and furthermore, Tanki Online is a Flash program. I'd suggest clearing your cache, and information on that can be found here: How to clear Shared Objects Also, perhaps try to use Standalone Flash Player, which can be found here: Running Tanki Online using the Standalone Flash Player. I did what you said but still it takes a long time to load sometimes.
0.943368	Make Gus' life miserable (gave up). Gelman is a recurring antagonist from the Disney show Recess, and although sometimes shown to have a softer side he is a violent antagonist - being the principal antagonist of "Gus' Last Stand", in which he delivers a severe beatdown to Gus for standing up to him after days of torment. He was voiced by Justin Shenkarow. Gelam is consistently depicted as a bully who thinks with violence; even when not serving as an antagonist, he is shown to be very quick to attack others and is one of the more feared bullies in the series as a result. However, he would soften up in later appearances, even enjoying a good time with Gus and his friends at the State Fair. Gelman was feared by the other children in the playground and was able to have free reign over it as a result, being bigger and meaner than anyone else meant he had no opposition: eventually after beating Gus Gelman lost his power over the playground as the other children outraged on him in order to stop the beatdown, forcing Gelman to run away as he was outnumbered. Gelman would also return to the episode "A Great State Fair", when he and Gus were forced to stay in school during an outing - with only Ms. Finster for company, however in this appearance he was not nearly as violent: though he was still fairly antagonistic towards Gus and (surprisingly) Ms. Finster, during this episode Gelman's behavior may be explained somewhat as his father seems to have installed several negative traits in him. However, he softens up some in that episode. Following this Gelman became a background character and was shown in a more positive light, though he could also turn violent on a whim - he would never return to being as cruel as he was in "Gus' Last Stand" however: this may be due to the fact that he lost a considerable deal of power when Gus stood up to him and thus taught the other children not to be afraid of him. It is unknown whether Gelman is his given name or his family name. In the movie, Gelman was briefly seen attending wrestling camp alongside Spinelli. He would later be called along with the rest of the students and teachers to help Gus and his friends stop the Anti-Recess Legion (led by Phillium Benedict) in their plot of sending the Earth into a permanent winter. Gelman is one of the show's most violent antagonists, his beatdown of Gus was one of the only times in the series that a character was physically assaulted, this coupled with the revolt the act caused from other students puts Gelman as one of the most dangerous villains in the show, at least in his first appearance.
0.931455	"Bitcoin will do to the Banking System what e-mail did to the Postal Service" Bitcoin is the first de-centralized currency. It is a digital currency that requires no bank or central repository and is the future of money. Bitcoins are digita coins that can be sent through the internet peer to peer. Bitcoins have a number of advantages over regular currency. Several exchanges exist where you can buy bitcoins for dollars, euros and other currencies. Your bitcoins are kept in your digital wallet either on a web-based wallet or on your computer or mobile device. Sending bitcoin is just like sending an email and you can purchase anything with bitcoin. The bitcoin network is secured by individuals called Miners. Miners are rewarded newly generated bitcoins for verifying transactions. After a transaction is verified it is recorded in a public ledger. The software for bitcoin is completely open source and anyone can review the code. Bitcoin is changing finance the same way the internet changed publishing. Bitcoins are an ideal way for businesses and individuals to minimize transaction fees. It doesn't cost anything to set up and there are no charge-backs. In 2009 Bitcoin was created by a person or organization named Satoshi Nakamoto. It was created as a new method of making transactions without the cost of fees and charges from payment gateway intermediaries such as Paypal, Western Union and other payment methods with high charges. It took some time before it became an accepted currency as it is now. So at the start of the year 2010 the value of 1 bitcoin was just $0.10. The value is now well over $1000, if you had invested just $100 into bitcoin back in 2010 and held onto them you would now be a Millionaire! And even just buying bitcoin 2 years ago would have doubled your money today. This price is likely to continue to increase over time as the currency becomes more widely accepted and used. With Japan recently making bitcoin legal currency and India and Russia also following suit, this has pushed the price up faster in recent times. It is widely estimated that by 2025 the bitcoin price could be worth more than Half a Million dollars. Many global corporate companies have invested in bitcoin such as Paypal, Capital One, Google, and others as well as many well known entrepreneurs including Richard Branson and Bill Gates and also movie stars and sporting legends. In order to be able to use bitcoin you need to have a bitcoin wallet. Once you have your wallet set up you can purchase bitcoin from exchanges or some of wallet providers like Coinbase for example allow you to purchase bitcoin through their website, and you can also accept bitcoin as payment for anything you like just by giving out your bitcoin address that you want to receive payment into along with the amount you want to receive for whatever it is you are providing that you want payment for. Sending bitcoin is easy, you just enter the amount of bitcoin and the digital wallet address to send it to from inside your own digital wallet dashboard.
0.999967	Does mealtime affects weight loss? Mealtime affects weight loss and health! A few years back, they found that mice that were allowed to eat whenever they wanted were fatter than mice that were given the exact same amount of food, but only had an 8-hour window in which to eat it. More recently, a study found that mice that went for 12 hours without eating remained healthier and slimmer than those that at the same number of calories, but spread out over time. So a doctor tried it out on humans. He had a control group that was asked to keep eating as they normally would, while the other group was asked to eat breakfast 3 hours later, and supper 3 hours earlier. The people who changed their eating times lost more body fat and had bigger decreases in blood sugar levels as well as cholesterol. An interesting finding was that in the morning after a meal, blood sugar levels returned to normal fairly quickly, but in the evening both blood sugar and fat levels in the blood continued to rise for 4 hours after eating. The same food eaten late at night has a much more harmful impact on your health than if eaten in the morning. This is relevant to those trying to lose weight because if your blood sugars stays elevated, your body releases insulin, which promotes the storage of fat. So give me a moment to get up on my soap box and say it again…. 1. Breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, dinner like a peasant! 2. No eating for a few hours before bed! 3. It is okay to be hungry and not eat.
0.955065	Like prediction and classification, understanding the way the data is organized can help us with analysis of data. One way to tease out the structure of the data is by examining clustering. Based on the patterns shown in the data, we can group individual observational units into distinct clusters. Clusters are defined so that observations within each cluster will have similar characteristics. We can do further analysis of each group as well as comparing between groups. For example, marketers may want to know the customer segments to develop targeted marketing strategies. A cluster analysis will group customers so that people in the same customer segments tend to have similar needs but are different from those in other customer segments. Some popular clustering methods are multi-dimensional scaling and latent class analysis. The first step is constructing a classification system. The categories can be created based on either theories or observed statistical patterns such as those detected using clustering techniques. The next step is to identify the category or group to which a new observation belongs. For example, a new email can be put in the spam bin or non-spam bin based on the contents of the email. In statistics and machine learning, logistic regression, linear classifier, support vector machine and linear discriminant analysis are popular techniques used for classification problem. Predictive models can be built with the available data to tell you what is likely to happen. Predictive models assume either that a knowledge of past statistical patterning can be used to predict the future or the validity of some type of theoretical model. For example, Netflix recommends movies to users based on the movies and shows which users have watched in the past. Predictive modeling utilizes regression analysis, including linear regression, multiple regression and generalized linear models, as well as some machine learning algorithms, such as random forest tree and factor analysis. Time series analysis can be used to forecast weather and the sales of a product of next season. Anomaly detection identifies unexpected or abnormal events. In the other words, we seek to find deviations from expected patterns. Detecting credit card fraud provides an example. Credit card companies can analyze customers’ purchase behavior and history, so they can alert customers of possible fraud. Here are examples of popular anomaly detection techniques: k-nearest neighbor, neural network, support vector machine and cluster analysis. One of the most common motivations for analyzing data is to drive better decision making. When a company needs to promote a new product, it can employ data analysis to set the price to maximize profit and avoid price wars with other competitors. Data analysis is so central to decision making that almost all analytic techniques – including not only the ones mentioned above but also geographical information systems, social network analysis, and qualitative analysis – can be applied.
0.999965	Predict which offers will be most attractive to each individual customer, resulting in more targeted marketing campaigns and higher brand value. Consumers increasingly expect (even demand) individualized brand experiences. Businesses need to provide highly personalized product and service offerings – but it is not practical or scaleable for human teams to understand and adapt to the individual preferences of millions of customers. Modern machine learning algorithms accurately discover the preferences and purchasing behaviors of individual consumers. This knowledge enables businesses to target and personalize content and product recommendations, resulting in increased customer engagement, brand value, and sales. Individualization requires complex models that are adept at capturing the complexity of human behaviors and preferences. DataRobot chooses the most accurate model that works best for your data from hundreds the most powerful open-source algorithms.
0.999989	The article claims that the 24-year-old is the one chosen by the Italian to take over from Diego Costa and that the Blues have already agreed personal terms with the player who will sign a four-year or five-year contract. The Blues will offer £70million to sign him with Real Madrid demanding £80million to sit down and talk. The two clubs are expected to reach an agreement for £75million in the coming days and the striker is eager to move to the English Premier League.
0.992149	The bench press is a weightlifting exercise which primarily focuses on the development of the pectoralis major muscle as well as other supporting muscles including the the anterior deltoids, serratus anterior, coracobrachialis, and the triceps. Additionally, the bench press one of the three lifts in the sport of powerlifting. The lifter lies on his/her back on a bench while pushing up and lowering down a weighted bar directly above the chest. There is a specific form to the bench press which reduces the chance of injury and maximally challenges the muscles of the chest. A barbell bench press' starting position is to be lying on a bench, with the shoulder blades pinched together to avoid recruiting the anterior deltoid during the lift. Feet are kept flat on the ground or end of the bench, with the buttocks always in contact with the bench. The weight is gripped with hands equidistant from the center of the bar, with the elbows bent to 90° and the elbows beneath the wrists. Movement starts by lifting the bar off of the pins, and lowering it until it touches the chest. The weight is then pushed off of the chest, terminating when the arms are straight, at which point the weight can be lowered again. After the desired number of repetitions, the bar is returned to the pins. Because of the heavy weight that can be used and the position of the bar, a 'spotting partner' increases the safety of the movement at heavier weights. Angle - a bench press can be performed on an incline, on a decline, or on a stabilizer ball. The incline-version shifts some of the stress from the pectorals to the anterior deltoids and gives a greater stimulus to the upper pectorals, whereas the decline allows more weight to be lifted while using nearly the same musculature as the traditional bench press. Hand position - Varying width grips can be used to shift stress between pectorals and triceps. A wide grip will focus on the pectorals. A narrow, shoulder width grip will focus more on the triceps. Type of weight - Instead of a bar, the bench press can also be performed with dumbbells which incorporate more use of stabilizer muscles. Dumbbells may be safer to use without a spotting partner, as they may be dropped to the side with less risk of injury.
0.995958	Effect: Person chooses card from deck, and magician tells person the suit and number. Set-up: The deck is stacked. To remember its sequence of values, memorize the rhyme "Eight Kings Threatened To Save Ninety-Five Queens For One Sick Knave." The words stand for the card values 8, K, 3, 10, 2, 7, 9, 5, Q, 4, A, 6, J. ("Threatened" = 3 & 10.) To remember the sequence of suits, memorize the word "CHaSeD." Its consonants C, H, S and D stand for Clubs, Hearts, Spades, Diamonds. Arrange the deck so that its values and suits follow these sequences over and over. For example, the top five cards are 8-Clubs, K-Hearts, 3-Spades, 10-Diamonds, 2-Clubs, and so on. Hold the deck and have someone select and remove any card. As he (or she) is looking at the card, cut the deck at the point where he removed it and put the top cards on the bottom. Glimpse the new bottom card. Find the word that corresponds to its value in the memorized rhyme. If the bottom card is, say, the 4 of Hearts, the word that corresponds to 4 is "for." The word following "for" in the rhyme is "one," which stands for the Ace. Next, find the bottom card's suit in the word "CHaSeD." It's H. The consonant after H in the word is S, for Spades. So the person's card is the Ace of spades.
0.999816	How to become a fashion designer You know you're destined to be a fashion designer if you (1) spent most of your childhood making clothes for your Barbie dolls instead of playing with your friends, (2) read fashion magazines instead of your school books, (3) ran a boutique out of your basement at age 10.... The best thing about being a Fashion Designer is that I get to challenge myself to be creative every single day. I’ve only been in the industry for around three years, but already I’ve learned so much about fashion that I never dreamed possible. Fashion designers are at the very forefront of styles and trends within the fashion industry; playing a key creative role by creating, planning and manufacturing garments for a range of different purposes.
0.999982	I am attempting to use nether portals to speed up travelling longer distances; I set up portal near my base, at coordinates 302 / 64 / 168. In the Nether, I set up a portal above the upper bedrock at 38 / 129 / 21. When I travel to the nether from my overworld portal, I spawn in at a new portal at 38 / 88 / 21, but when I travel back to the overworld from the nether portal at 38 / 129 / 21 I arrive at the right portal. In summary, When I travel to the Nether from the overworld, I spawn at the wrong portal, but when I travel back to the overworld, I spawn at the correct portal. If anyone could help solve this problem it would be much appreciated, thanks. Coming from the Overworld the game won't look for target portal blocks above Y=128. If you could sink the portal above the bedrock into Y=128 somehow perhaps. neither find nor create portals at or above Y=128 in the Nether. Overworld if there are no closer portals or valid locations. Note that portal block must be at or below 127 (ie where the top of the roof is), so the lower obsidian would need to be at 126.
0.996498	BanglaCricket Article :: Has the patience finally run out of Dave? 'Our players will perform much better than they did against South Africa.' That was Dave Whatmore's response to media frenzy, following the shock that occurred on Sunday at Edgbaston. Well how much better did they play against West Indies? Getting another wicket and adding 38 more runs, would that be adequate enough to describe it as an improvement? Has the patience finally run out of Dave? This is something that I find amazing with our players. They tend to perform disastrously in competitions, whereas there are always signs of hope when they play in One-day series or Test matches. What makes them become the whipping boys in virtually every competition they participate in? Is it because our players feel the immense pressure at the main stage or is it because they find it difficult to contain their excitement? I thought the World Cup 2003 was simply a one-off performance and that it's probably the pressure from the cricket board that led to our teams' downfall. But even at this recent Asia Cup I also turned a blind eye, thinking maybe they are still adapting to becoming a solid team, still experimenting on the opening partnerships. a) Achieved some sort of morale-booster or a platform for them to stop experimenting and playing cricket. b) Adapt to the tricky conditions of the 'Great English' weather. Judging by the results form both matches the latter was never achieved. Yes it is easy to boost your morale by winning a game or two. But even that for Bangladesh seemed quite tricky when they lost to Scotland. However I shall leave that topic for a 'rainy day', something maybe Bangladesh would have hoped for in both matches. But the reason as to why I am frustrated and even Dave Whatmore would be frustrated at, is the manner in which we lost both matches. I was there to witness the horror and nightmare at Edgbaston, something that will remain in memory for a while. Dave Whatmore has spent months and months teaching our players the simple basics of playing cricket, but it all went to waste in both of the matches. Our 'hook' shots and 'fishing' will never leave our players, it is almost as if they have engraved it in their minds. Therefore I can truly understand why Dave Whatmore doesn't want to speak to the media, and even did not attend the press conferences. What more can he say to them, without spitting out the obvious. Sometimes it's not necessary for him to come up with excuses to defend the team. What he was assigned to do, was to apply technique and cricketing knowledge to our players, now if our players don't have the chemistry or the sense God gave even to goats, it would be impossible to get any sort of performances in these competitions. Thus it is not always obligatory to make promises that you know will never manifest themselves, like our players will perform much better than they did against South Africa. Fans do not need false hopes, expectations or any sort of comfort with reassuring words; we want to see action. I am patient, I can wait a very long time for a good result, but what I at least want to see is improvements in important matches. We have always played well in practice matches, but in matches that truly matter, we have played appallingly, I and almost everyone else would always prefer the reverse of that role any day, but the question is when will that happen? It is always two step backwards whenever we take a step forward, which is a tragedy really. The song 'Tragedy' by the Bee Gees is reverberating around my head whenever I reflect upon the state of Bangladesh cricket. This page has been viewed 6529 times.
0.958234	how I learned to pay for shipping and love it. In a world where "free shipping" is the make or break of an online sale, as both a buyer and seller, I encourage you to think twice before falling for free shipping. Nothing, nothing, is ever free. There is always a cost; it might be hidden in advertising, it might be added into the price tag, or there might be flat rate shipping - but no matter what, someone along the line is usually eating the extra cost, whether it's you or the retailer. And let's not ignore the obvious, many stores entice customers to buy more with "free shipping" on orders of $$$ or more"! It's the age old cheap trick of if you buy more, you save more. Shipping costs exist despite the prevalence of "free shipping". If you are a large retailer and ship frequently you are eligible for discounts through UPS and FedEx, but there will always be a shipping cost. (Shipping is actually frequently called Logistics - neat, huh?) For rennes, unless it is a very large parcel, I always ship USPS because it is still the more affordable, and the average turn around time, 2-3 days for Priority is pretty good, and UPS ground takes a week to get from Boston to California. There are three main things that factor in to raw shipping cost : 1. Packaging costs (box, tissue paper, post cards, etc.) 2. Postage (dependent on destination, weight, and size if over-sized) and 3. Labor to package. (This might seem like little work, but try packaging up 20 boxes in one go, you'll be surprised how long it takes! This is why when most companies grow to a certain point they hire distribution centers). So let's say I'm mailing a bag from Boston to San Francisco and box weighs 4 lbs. My Box costs $2.50, tissue paper, booklets, postcards, envelopes are $.70 - so that's $3.20. Postage costs $16.28, includes delivery confirmation, but not signature confirmation, if I want that it's usually and extra $2 - which I do want because I don't want a valuable package left on porch. I also want insurance against loss or damage, so that's another $8, making the grand total $29.48 pre labor. And no one who is buying an item which is shipping domestically will ever pay $29.48, even if that's how much it costs. When I ship within the North-east, usually my total will come to between $11-16 for a bag with the same specs. So what do you do if the customer is unlikely to pay the face value of the shipping cost? The first and most straightforward option is to embed that extra cost in the price tag. Just mark your product price up by 5% and offer free shipping and most customers will be thrilled. However, if you are carrying a product that already has an MSRP, chances are you can't mark it up by much or you will loose the sale as your customer shops around. Or maybe the wholesaler has already taken this into account and that's why they recommend a 2.5X mark up instead of a 2.3X. In either case, the retailer can potentially add that cost in to the price. Lots of people do this on ebay to help cover the ebay fees, which is mainly why prices are so inflated there. Another way (and much more devious) to compensate for loss in shipping is through advertising. I have adblock installed on all our computer devices, but once in a while I'll open an incognito tab and be astounded by how many ads are there! And low and behold, google knows that I've been surfing on Need Supply or looking at a certain jacket on a certain website, and there it is, in my face, luring me in and making me want it. Sure, I didn't pay cash to see this ad, but cash is essentially time and my time is being used up by looking at and wanting to purchase said jacket - or maybe I will even go and purchase the jacket eventually. While I'm sure shipping is only one of the cost of goods sold that gets provided for by advertising, I think it's important to remember, if you're not paying for shipping, chances are you are paying in another way. The last and probably most frequented option by small businesses is to make a flat rate shipping option which finds the median for average shipping costs. Still, that median is usually over what people are willing to pay for shipping, and most shops end up charging between $10-12, and the store eats the rest of the cost. This doesn't have a huge effect for higher priced orders, but for lower priced items that tend to be heavy, there can be much more of a profit loss. “I almost always add something to my basket if it means getting free shipping,” says Jim Hassee, 60 years old, of Greenwood, Ind. To qualify for free shipping, he recently bought more than $45 of coffee from Keurig.com even though he needed only a single box." As a buyer, I've also come to expect free shipping. I feel if I am paying a considerable amount of money for something, I deserve free shipping. But I really don't deserve it. If I really wanted free shipping, I should drive to the store and buy it rather than expecting someone to go out and get it for me for free. Having something shipped to you is a service and it should be paid for, and that payment should be considered separate from the item cost.
0.998543	As a professional in the design industry for thirteen years, I’ve grown into my role as a senior user experience designer and art director by remaining curious, inquisitive, and explorative. I am a champion for the end user, and I believe in research, testing, and iteration to ensure the best possible design solutions for web and app products. To me, good design solves problems in innovative ways. Ever since I can remember, I’ve had a preoccupation with hidden things: ideas that stand apart from the everyday. Sometimes, that leads my investigation to places others won’t readily consider — often under the bed and into dark closets. You need to look at things a little differently to create jackalopes from ordinary bunny rabbits. As a horror novelist, adventurer, explorer, and Fortean, I prefer going off the beaten path, as long as I’ve remembered to pack a good book, my favourite fountain pen, and my journal. What’s your user experience process like? I treat user experience work with an approach that incorporates five steps: User Research, Proposed solutions explorations, Wireframing, Prototyping, Testing. It’s a process that incorporates three basic tenets of UX: execution, evaluation, and iteration based on data-driven decisions. I generally conduct user research for new products to see what kind of problems might be solved with a new design. Metrics are helpful in determining where there’s room for improvement. Sometimes, I’ll dig deeper and look at how the flow fits within the gestalt of the user journey so I can understand the context of where the new product will live. Through discussion and design writing, I often come up with one or two scenarios that might solve the existing design problem. Weighed against the gathered data, I validate with the stakeholders which approach we should test, make adjustments, or try something wholly new. I wireframe after ensuring the business requirements are met. These are the bare bones of what the user flow, user interface, and user interaction should look and behave like. Oftentimes, this involves mapping out a user flow as well so we can understand interaction points. After a quick prototype is built, we test the design to see if it works: putting it in the hands of the people who will use it. From there we iterate, evaluate the results, and apply the visual design. A final prototype is built, the design files are cleaned up, and then handed to development to build the product. I like to monitor the success of the product through collaboration with analytics. We set KPIs at the onset of any project to measure its success before designing begins, but it’s in the testing phase that we really get to see if it flies. I should add another point at the end of this list, in that when our gains do not match our KPIs, it’s expected that we will iterate on existing designs to make incremental improvements. I typically work in collaboration with the analytics team to flag issues early, but I also like to establish touchpoints for review after a design is launched to see what performs well, and what can be improved. I am fluent with the Adobe Creative Suite’s Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign for graphic design projects, and I like to dabble with AfterEffects for motion design. I use Sketch for most types of product design where multiple screens are necessary: for designing user flows, wireframes, or mockups to be prototyped, I’ve found Sketch allows me to be much more efficient. I use Zeplin when working with developers, and I’m familiar with InVision and Flynto for prototyping. I’ve used Google Drive to collaborate remotely with others, but I’m also well-versed with Apple’s iWork suite. What’s your graphic design process like? I request specs from the client pertaining to their likes, dislikes, influences, preferences, etc. The brief is the benchmark by which decisions are made regarding the project, so that later on it might be referred to as the outline to the visual story we’re trying to tell. It’s pretty important, and fairly detailed. The client must greenlight this aspect of the project before any work is done. I like to test the strength of the brief by building quick mood board that relates the various aesthetic impressions of the project to ensure accuracy of the deliverables: these involve colours, type styles, photo snippets — anything visual that conveys the spirit of the work as it will be executed. Here, adjustments can be made so that if a client has neglected to mention that they cannot use sunshine yellow as a colour (for example, because their competition uses it with abundance and they don’t want their customers to mistake them), we won’t move forwards into design exploration with those things unaccounted for. Collecting comic books, book blogging, visiting museums, traveling to far-flung places, conventions, hot yoga, and cooking exotic food. I write long and short format horror fiction and dark fantasy for teens, and I’m querying my first novel for publication. I’m also a huge fan of classic horror movies. What are some of your professional qualities? Detail-oriented and meticulous, enthusiastic when presented with challenges, I love experimenting with various styles and methodologies. I work well under pressure and respect deadlines, and I often create my own work tools. With a solid knowledge of applied design theory, usability best practices, and brand requirements, I respect industry standards, but I delight in bringing new vision to traditional forms efficiently and with precision. What are some of your personal qualities? Honest and courteous, with a clear sense of strategy to meet objectives, I am a disciplined and diligent designer with a strong sense of responsibility. My communication skills, written, spoken, and visual are excellent, as are my organizational and listening skills. I endeavour to bring integrity to everything I do, and I approach new projects with fervour. I spent an awfully long time in school over the course of my post-secondary education. After graduating high school, I obtained my DEC from John Abbott College in Liberal Arts. I quickly learned that where I would excel would be in the digital demesne, and I followed with an AEC in Multimedia Design (with honours) from International Academy of Design and Technology, and then a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Design from Concordia University (with distinction). I didn’t stop there, however, because I spent a further year preparing an Art History specialization at McGill University for the Masters Program, before deciding that the temptation of the tech industry was too great and I accepted my first full-time position. What other training have you received? I have have obtained both an Essential Management Skills Certificate from McGill University, and a Business Writing Certificate from McGill’s Executive Institute. The spirit of design that remains curious, inquisitive, and explorative never dies. The Noisy Ghost is an intangible concept that seeks to be real, to be believed in, and to be closer to life even though it continues knocking over the furniture and shoving things off the shelving when you're not looking. Honestly, though, it really just wants to be your friend. This house is getting haunted in June 2018. Subscribe to get the first look.
0.943944	How can sound healing be of assistance? The body's cells vibrate and the "music" of the body encodes your state of well-being. Different types of cells hum at specific vibrations, and if they lose that natural rhythm and become chaotic their function is impaired, which may compromise your health. This healing is a time to simply let go, deeply relax and receive the healing vibrations and journey within. Sound has the power to re-pattern and balance the vibration of your body, mind, and soul. Specific sounds can energetically break up, shift, and heal energy blockages and balance the energy body on all levels. We combine therapeutic healing sounds with bio-information to activate coherence in specific body functions, which stimulates your body's natural self-healing capabilities.
0.999991	How is a Major League Baseball team planning to use iOS 11? Answer: To provide contactless stadium entry. In the 2018 season, the Oakland Athletics baseball team will be introducing contactless stadium entry for fans running iOS 11 on their iPhones. When Apple announced iOS 11 in spring 2016, it also revealed that the upgrade would make the iPhone’s NFC contactless technology available to developers. The tech is only available on Apple Pay in previous iOS software versions. Starting Sept. 22, following the release of iOS 11, the A's completed a successful six-game pilot that provided contactless ticketing through Apple Wallet. Attendees were able to enter the stadium simply by tapping their phones on a scanner, just like when using Apple Pay elsewhere. This was the first time a major sporting event had been able to do so, and the A's are planning to use the tech full-time during the 2018 season.
0.999874	1. Place a baking rack in the center of the oven, and preheat the oven to 350 degrees. 2. Sift the flour, baking powder and salt together into a bowl. 3. In a separate large mixing bowl or in the bowl of your stand mixer, add the olive oil, sugar, vanilla, milk, lemon zest and lemon juice. 4. Using a hand mixer or a stand mixer, begin to whisk the bowl of liquid ingredients together thoroughly at low to medium speed until the sugar begins to dissolve. 5. At this point, add the eggs, one at a time, into the bowl with the liquid ingredients and continue to whisk the mixture until you have a light creamy liquid. 6. Once the eggs have been whisked into the mixture, add 1/3 of the flour mix to the mixing bowl and continue whisking until the flour is fully incorporated into the batter. Repeat this step with the other 2/3 of the flour mix. 7. Whisk the batter together well so that it is uniform in color and texture. 8. If necessary, prepare your bundt pan for baking by spraying it with nonstick cooking spray or coating it with butter and flour. 9. Pour the cake batter into the prepared bundt pan and ensure the mixture is evenly distributed throughout the pan. 10. Place the pan on the center rack in the oven and bake for 50 minutes to 1 hour or until the sides are golden brown and a toothpick inserted into the center of the cake comes out clean. 11. When the cake has finished baking, remove it from the oven and let it cool for at least 2 hours before glazing. 12. When you are ready to decorate the cooled cake, prepare the glaze by whisking the powdered sugar together with the milk and vanilla to get a smooth, white, creamy icing. 13. Once the cake has cooled well, turn it out of the bundt pan onto a serving platter or cake stand. 14. Gently pour the icing over the top of the cake and sprinkle the rainbow nonpareils over the icing as desired. 15. You can wait 45 minutes to an hour until the glazing develops a hard shell over the cake to serve or you can serve immediately at room temperature.
0.947686	The generally accepted conservative limit to global warming that avoids widespread environmental disaster is 2C. It now looks like we are 95% likely to exceed that limit by the end of the century. As mentioned previously, the stated numbers are typically the conservative ones to minimize controversy. The range of expected values is between 2C and 4.9C. The limit that would save many Pacific Islands is 1.5C.
0.951411	Warren Jeffs and the FLDS In 2002, Warren Jeffs succeeded his father Rulon as prophet of the FLDS. Jeffs is said to keep a tight grip on the polygamous community, using wives as rewards for loyalty among followers. Upon the death of his father, 49-year-old Warren Jeffs took over as prophet of the FLDS, or Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in September of 2002. Jeff's father, Rulon T. Jeffs, had been the group's prophet for the previous 15 years. He died at the age of 92, leaving an estimated 75 widows and 65 children to mourn him. The nearly two-decade tenure of father and son has split the polygamist community on the Utah-Arizona border. After taking power in 1986, Rulon Jeffs slowly abolished the seven-member Priesthood Council that had previously governed the sect. Rulon Jeffs eventually claimed a "One Man Rule" and as a result, part of the group split away and founded their own polygamist settlement nearby. According to former followers, the prophet is considered to be God's mouthpiece on earth. It is believed that God speaks directly to Warren Jeffs to reveal His will. And through the prophet, God directs which male members are worthy of entry into heaven (females are invited into heaven by satisfied husbands). Jeffs is also the only person who can perform marriages, and it is through him that wives are assigned to their husbands. Pleasing the prophet can result in loyal members being rewarded with one or more wives. Wives are considered to "belong" to their husbands for eternity. In order to reach the highest degree of glory in heaven, members of the FLDS believe that each man must have at least three wives. A significant means of prophet power is derived from his ability to punish followers by reassigning their wives, children and homes to another man. Obedience is highly valued, and it is rare for wives to resist reassignment. The group takes its theology regarding "plural marriages" from the teachings of Joseph Smith, Brigham Young and the early Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, better known as the Mormon Church. But under pressure from the U.S. government, church leaders abandoned polygamy in 1890 so that Utah could gain statehood. Polygamists believe that's when the Mormon Church strayed from the path of righteousness. Likewise, members of the FLDS are not welcome in Mormon congregations, and Mormons who are found practicing polygamy are excommunicated. Nearly all property in Colorado City, Ariz., and Hildale, Utah, including residential property, is owned by a church trust and controlled by Warren Jeffs. According to former vice-mayor and Colorado City Councilman Richard Holm, the trust is estimated to be worth in excess of $100 million. Holm also estimates that Warren Jeffs has more than 50 wives. But exactly how many wives, or where Jeffs is currently, nobody outside his inner circle seems to know. There are widely varying estimates of how many people practice polygamy in North America — 20,000 to 50,000 and more — but the secrecy of such groups makes a definitive number elusive.
0.967099	Deep Neural Networks have achieved remarkable performance on a variety of pattern-recognition tasks, particularly visual classification problems, where new algorithms reported to achieve or even surpass the human performance. Unlike computers, humans have an overall sense of the objects and can recognize them in various forms such as different scales, orientations, colors or brightness. Since several recent papers have hypothesized that DNNs also develop an understanding about the objects based on the training data, as such that they are even able to generate new images, researchers from the University of Washington have tested the state-of-the-art DNNs with negative images and showed that the accuracy drops to the level of random classification. Researchers have evaluated the performance of DNNs on negative images of the training data, i.e. images with reversed brightness where the lightest parts appear the darkest and vice versa. These complemented images are often easily recognizable by humans, but in the case of DNNs it seems that the neural network maps the inputs randomly to one of the output classes. This leads to the conclusion that the DNNs do not learn the structures or semantics of the objects, and cannot generalize the concepts, but rather memorize the inputs. It seems that current training methods should be improved, since learning models fail to semantically generalize.
0.999919	Bahraini Shiite men chant anti-government slogans in the Shiite town of Sitra on March 18. (CNN) -- All the doctors and medics who were detained during recent protests in Bahrain have been released on bail, the country's Information Affairs Authority said Thursday. Charges against the doctors include possession of unlicensed weapons, inciting the overthrow of the government, provoking sectarian hatred and forceful occupation of a public building, the Information Affairs Authority said. Prosecutors have alleged that, at the height of the protests earlier this this year, the accused refused to help patients at Salmaniya Medical Complex, the main hospital in the Bahraini capital, Manama. The trial against the doctors will resume September 29, authorities said. The move comes after reports that many of the detained doctors and activists had gone on hunger strikes. Rights groups were cautiously optimistic in lauding the release of the medics. In a statement, the Bahrain Center for Human Rights called the decision "good news," but stressed that there was "still concern for them as the charges have not been dropped." "This means they are still at high risk of being re-arrested at any time," the organization said. Human rights groups, including Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights, have disagreed with the charges against the doctors and say they believe Bahraini forces targeted the doctors because they treated protesters. Protests have lingered in Bahrain for months despite a crackdown by the kingdom's Sunni monarchy, backed by troops from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. More than 30 people have been killed during the demonstrations, in which activists say Bahraini security forces used live ammunition against protesters. Opposition groups say more than 1,000 people -- mainly Shiites -- have been detained and more than 2,000 have lost their jobs for allegedly taking part in the protests.
0.974503	Dark Samus is a being of Phazon created after the dying Metroid Prime absorbed Samus' Phazon Suit and her DNA. It had many battles with Samus during its search for Phazon on the planet Aether, and later returned as the mastermind of the Space Pirate invasion until its defeat and supposed demise on Phaaze. Below is a full account of its history. After Samus defeated Metroid Prime on Tallon IV by overloading it with the Phazon Beam, the creature began to destabilize, and in a desperate move, it absorbed her Phazon Suit and subsequently exploded. Little did Samus know that as she left the planet, a new enemy was born from her DNA and the remains of Metroid Prime. The Phazon Suit was a necessary piece of this fusion, as Metroid Prime had destabilized and no longer had a body. With its acquired human DNA, as well as the Phazon Suit as a body to construct itself into, it formed itself into a new enemy - the creature known as Dark Samus. Dark Samus, now with a new form based on Samus' Power Suit and instincts that commanded it to absorb and spread Phazon, managed to leave Tallon IV in search of it in Samus's stolen Phazon Suit, though now black and dark blue in color with skeletal features and Phazon markings. Dark Samus eventually discovered the planet Aether, which was rich with Phazon. A Leviathan from Phaaze had landed on the planet fifty years prior, ripping open a second, darker dimension, Dark Aether. Dark Samus explored Aether and absorbed any Phazon it could find on the planet. The Space Pirates, prior to Dark Samus' arrival, had established a base on Aether. Once Dark Samus arrived, they initially thought she was Samus Aran, but were perplexed as to its strange dark suit and its actions. It only raided their base to obtain Phazon, killing any who denied it. Some of their Metroid specimens were also reported as stolen, and the Pirates, having spotted it at one time near the containment tanks attempting to breach them, believed that this "Dark Hunter" was to blame for the theft. Dark Samus also destroyed their stealth generator in one of its raids, causing disastrous results for the Pirates. Samus Aran eventually landed on Aether to investigate a missing team of Galactic Federation Marines who had landed on the planet in pursuit of a Space Pirate starship. Samus first encountered Dark Samus in the marine base, where Samus followed it into a portal to Dark Aether. There, she found Dark Samus absorbing Phazon, with several shadowy creatures above which Samus would soon learn were the Ing. Dark Samus fired a shot at the Light Crystal that protected her from Dark Aether's poisonous atmosphere. With the crystal broken, the Ing stole most of Samus's abilities while Dark Samus fled. Samus escaped through the portal with only a few pieces of equipment intact. It was at first unclear if this meant that Dark Samus was working directly for/with the Ing Horde though it was only due to the Ing choosing to attack Samus over the far less vulnerable Dark Samus, as the former could not resist Dark Aether's atmosphere. A Pirate scout witnessed this encounter and believed that they were not allies, but foes. The Pirates then considered employing Dark Samus to kill the real Samus, with precious Phazon as a reward, though unfortunately they did not have time to put this plan into action. Dark Samus engages Samus in the Agon Wastes. The next encounter took place in the Agon Wastes, within the Pirate base. Dark Samus appeared in front of Samus, behind a locked gate, and left. Unable to bypass the gate, Samus explored the rest of the base and reached a room full of Phazon collected by the Pirates. There, Samus had her first battle with Dark Samus. Once Dark Samus was defeated, it began to destabilize and unleashed a massive Phazon explosion before collapsing and disintegrating into Phazon particles in the air. The particles that Dark Samus transformed into managed to reach Torvus Bog. Samus saw the cloud transform into Dark Samus, though it did not fight Samus. Instead, it merely laughed maniacally and disappeared. Samus later saw the same cloud in the Sanctuary Fortress, and it once again transformed into Dark Samus. She then destroyed the bridge to the Sanctuary Fortress and left, forcing Samus to find an alternative route across the chasm. Samus later saw Dark Samus in the Fortress firing at several Dark Pirate Troopers; this confirmed that the Ing regard her as an enemy and not an ally as thought at the beginning. She disposed of them and began absorbing several canisters of Phazon (showing just what happens if Dark Samus is denied Phazon). Samus pursued her foe, cornering Dark Samus within an elevator and battling it once more. Samus defeated it once again and the doppelganger, losing stability in its body, allowed itself to fall off the top of the tower as a hasty retreat before Samus attempted to stop it. Dark Samus and Samus face off as Dark Aether collapses around them. Once Samus had defeated the Emperor Ing and absorbed the remaining planetary energy, Dark Aether became unstable and began to collapse. Samus, having only eight minutes to escape, hurried out of the Sky Temple and began moving toward the exit. However, her hopes of escape were crushed when Dark Samus appeared, blocking the exit with a Phazon wall. Due to the huge amount of Phazon that it had absorbed, Dark Samus had begun to deteriorate, causing its suit to become transparent and revealing its organs along with a humanoid skull with three yellow eyes inside its helmet. The eye on the back of her hand featured on the arm that reached out of the pool at the end of the first game was also rendered visible (though with a smaller pupil and yellow rather than blue). Both Samus and Dark Samus engaged in a grueling battle, though Samus managed to defeat it once again by taking advantage of her foe's sole weakness: an overload of Phazon. Samus absorbed Dark Samus' Phazon into her Charge Beam, and shot it back. The attack penetrated Dark Samus's Phazon shield, and caused Dark Samus to destabilize, just as it had as the Metroid Prime, and it collapsed, defeated once again by its own attacks. In it dying moments, it painstakingly reached out in an attempt to touch Samus (possibly trying to absorb the Light Suit like she did the Phazon Suit), but de-materialized into a cloud of Phazon particles at the last second. Samus escaped Dark Aether and brought peace to the Luminoth on the planet, and it seemed that Dark Samus perished along with Dark Aether. Yet, even though Dark Samus lacked a corporeal form, it still existed, and as shown in the 100% ending of Echoes, in which the Phazon particles again reform into Dark Samus's body, it would be only a small amount of time before it would return. Dark Samus at the beginning of Corruption. Sometime between the events of Metroid Prime 2: Echoes and Metroid Prime 3: Corruption, the Galactic Federation, seeing great use for the mutagenic substance, took some of the Phazon from Aether. However, they left most of it behind, and the Space Pirate crew of the battleship Colossus soon collected the remaining Phazon. However, they would soon find out to their horror that they had unknowingly taken the particles of Dark Samus as well. Using the Phazon collected by the Space Pirates, Dark Samus regained its physical form (now with a more armored look, as opposed to its previously organic appearance) and wiped out a third of the Space Pirates aboard the ship. It then used its Phazon energy to brainwash the rest into accepting it as their new leader with the promises of incredible riches and power. With the Pirates so suckered into its schemes, a quasi-religious cult began to form around it and they followed its every whim. It taught the crew to turn the Colossus into a mighty Phazon-fueled craft. It then left them for several months to locate the source of all Phazon - the planet Phaaze. During its absence, its followers maintained order by executing those who doubted that it would return. During its journey, it encountered a Leviathan and used its energy to take control of it which led it to Phaaze. For Dark Samus, the chance to control the source of all Phazon was a chance to control the universe. Dark Samus absorbed a tremendous amount of Phazon, increasing its power to new heights. It then returned to the Pirates with the Leviathan and commanded them to follow it through the wormhole to Phaaze. She then revealed its plan to take control of the planet and to speed up Leviathan production, spreading Phazon strategically across the universe. How to do this was a dilemma, but a solution soon presented itself in the form of the Federation's Aurora Units. Under its orders, the Space Pirates attacked the G.F.S. Valhalla and stole the ship's Aurora Unit, 313. If the survivors of the raid expected mercy, they did not receive any. Under Dark Samus' orders, the Pirates jettisoned the survivors into the cold depths of space. The Aurora Unit was corrupted with Phazon and implanted into Phaaze, allowing Dark Samus to directly control the planet and all of its assets - including the Leviathans. The first Leviathan that it controlled was sent to the Space Pirate Homeworld. According to Space Pirate Data, the Space Pirates on the homeworld that had not been brought under Dark Samus' control fought back against the Leviathan, but failed. All remaining Pirates were brainwashed. Dark Samus presumably also used 313 to infect the other Aurora Units (in particular, Aurora Unit 242 of the GFS Olympus and Aurora Unit 217 of Skytown, respectively.) with the Corruption virus. Next, Dark Samus sent three more Leviathans to planets important to the Galactic Federation - one to Norion, containing the important Base Sector Zero; one to Bryyo, the Federation's primary source of Fuel Gel; and the last to Elysia, containing SkyTown, a vital research facility. Presumably, it also proceeded to cause an anomaly to Samus's cryostasis while the latter was on her way to Norion. While the Bryyo and Elysia Seeds collided without any trouble, Dark Samus encountered opposition on Norion - specifically, in the form of Samus Aran and three other Bounty Hunters: Rundas, Ghor, and Gandrayda. Just before they activated the cannon to destroy the oncoming Leviathan, Dark Samus confronted them, crashing through a window and repelling the Hunters' attacks with a Phazon shield. Despite the Hunters' efforts, she overpowered them and corrupted them with Phazon. Believing its work to be done, Dark Samus flew off, but Samus, using the last of her strength, managed to activate the cannon and destroy the Leviathan before falling unconscious. After this, Dark Samus herself stayed on Phaaze and did not appear to the bounty hunters, busy performing their duties of destroying the Leviathans. However, due to its "mark of corruption" that it had left on all four of the bounty hunters, all but Samus succumbed to Phazon Corruption and became completely possessed by Dark Samus (this is most evident in the cutscene just prior to the battle with Rundas). Over the course of the game, Samus is forced to kill all three of them. Each time one of them dies, a shadowy apparition of Dark Samus appears before them, absorbing their bodies and their powers. This form is a black collection of smoke that has what may be tentacles acting as "wings". After each absorption, Dark Samus swoops down and flies away. This form depicts Dark Samus' visor. Dark Samus was confronted for the final time in its Sanctum on Phaaze, where it challenged Samus to a grand final battle. However, after being injured considerably, Dark Samus called forth the stolen Aurora Unit 313 and merged with it in a last-ditch effort to defeat Samus. After a grueling two-part battle, the Aurora Unit was destroyed, and because it was directly linked to Phaaze's core, it began a chain reaction that culminated in Phaaze exploding. As a result, Dark Samus was ejected from the Aurora Unit and, exploding into Phazon dust with agonized cries, was destroyed for good.
0.999999	Which one is more stressful “air traffic control or pilot? Air traffic controller (ATC) and pilot have different schedule of work and both involve high levels of stress due to the vigilant nature of their work. Both pilots and ATC can have an early morning, afternoon, and night shift. According to Stoke (1994) employees have a higher level error rate from 3am to 7am and working this shift schedule can affect both psychological and physical health over the year. This researcher indicated that psychology and biochemical variables such as heart rate and temperature are different. The average heart rate is normal in an afternoon shift and a morning shift has higher levels of fairly normal circadian rhythm. In addition, stress could be higher from the morning shift because of higher levels of workload and the fatigue effect on human systems. However, the researchers have shown that for ATC and pilots, the night shift can have a significantly lower of workload. The night shift is the only shift associated with circadian rhythm disruption. Circadian rhythm affects on the human ability is slim during the night shift, but they're no guarantee that night shift can avoid the psychological stress. As a result, afternoon and night shift work has reduced stress at work than the morning shift. ATC position is more stressful because hours are larger, pay is lower and condition is larger responsibility with thousands of lives on the ground and in the air. • ATC work involves being responsible for tower control, radar control, weather observation, etc. As a result, ATC personnel have to balance workload, responsibility and recognition, and then it can be assumed that ATC job has potential of stress. • According to Stokes (1994) ATC job has a high level of workplace stress, and effect to human health in the long term period. ATC has the ability to increase health problems from hypertension and peptic ulcers, more than pilots or office jobs. • The USA 2008, on up to 25,000 ATC personnel found the average incidence of hypertension and compared pilots and ATC. 0ne in five controllers has suffered borderline hypertension. This indicates that the ATC has twice the level rate and therefore more stress than pilots. • Overall, in the USA from 1972 to 1977 there were 79 ATC personnel disqualified from the ATC work and 61 were affected by psychological problems over the year they worked as ATC. • However, ATC duty required 40 hours per week or more and some are on call on the duty, if the airport weather change such as fog, or thunders light, ATC duty is directly increased. This is more than pilots spends on the job and is likely to increase stress. • According to FAA (2012) average ATC salary received from $US32, 000 to $US166, 000. Due to lower pay rate, most ATC has significant problems with their finances while they’re on the job. • ATC has to go home and make their food and doing the dishes after finish the meal compare to pilot professional and high quality foods. • According to NZ CAA Act 1990 a pilot is required to fly for 30 hours or 35hours for 2 pilots in any 7 consecutive days. Most commercial airlines required 2 or 3 pilots working in the cockpit during long haul flight. This shows that pilots have multiple crews on their duty to help reduce individual stress. • Crew duty rest period requires 12 hours per day and crew duty maximum 11 hours per day. • Pilots are required to have a meal every 4 or 6 hours during the flight period. • During long haul flight, pilot use auto pilot to assist their performance. This means that individual pilots have owner assistance to reduce stress in the cockpit. • Most pilots have higher salaries than ATC. According to FAA (2012) the average commercial airline pilots received $US110, 000 per year. This shows that most pilots may have less worry about their financial problems and therefore less stress. In conclusion, the ATC position is more stressful than being a pilot because they have larger responsibility to control lives in the air and on the ground in same time. Work hours, salary, foods, and workload is increase ATC daily live stress.
0.97159	Ans. Depression and Mania are mood disorders. These are characterized by disturbances in mood or prolonged maladaptive emotional state. Depression may get manifested as a symptom of a disorder or a major disorder in itself. 1. Major depressive disorders, are defined as a period of depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, together with other symptoms which may include. •Loss of energy, great fatigue. •Thoughts of death and suicide. •No interest in pleasurable activities. •Other symptoms include excessive quilt or feelings of worthlessness. Heredity is an Important risk factor for major depression and bipolar disorders. •Age is also a risk factor. For instance, women are particularly at risk during young adulthood, while for men the risk is highest in early middle age. •Gender also plays a great role in this differential risk addition. For example, women in comparison to men are more likely to report a depressive disorder. •Situational factors like negative life event, lack of social support and not able to live up to expectations etc. are few examples. •Less than usual amount of sleep. •Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities. •It is cyclic in nature. •In bipolar disorders, depression alternates with periods of mania, and shows behaviour that is quite opposite to depression. •In the manic state, the individual turns megalomaniac. Person develops grandiose cognitions and doesn’t consider the negative consequences before acting on these grandiose plans. •Speech is often rapid, as if she has to say as many words as possible in the time allotted. •The risk of a suicide attempt is highest in ease of bipolar mood disorders. These disorders must manifest before the age of 18. •The externalizing disorders or undercontrolled emotions: Behaviours that are disruptive and often aggressive and aversive to others in the child’s environment. •The Internalizing disorders or over-controlled emotions: Those conditions where the child experiences depression, anxiety, and discomfort that may not be evident to others. (b) Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). •Children who are inattentive find it difficult to sustain mental effort during work or play. •They have a hard time keeping their minds on any one thing or in following instructions. •The child does not listen, cannot concentrate, does not follow instructions, is disorganized, easily distracted forgetful, does not finish assignments, and is quick to lose interest in boring activities. •Children who are impulsive, unable to control their immediate reactions or to think before they act. •They find it difficult to wait or take turns, have difficulty resisting immediate temptations or delaying gratification. • Minor mishaps such as knocking things are common whereas more serious accidents and injuries can also occur. •Hyperactivity also takes many forms. Children with ADHD are in constant notion. Sitting still for some time through a lesson is impossible for them.The child may fidget, squirm, climb and run around the room aimlessly. •Parents and teachers describe them as ‘driven by a motor’, always on the go, and talk a lot. •Boys are four times more prone for this diagnosis than girls. •Behave in a hostile manner. Unlike ADHD, the rates of ODD in boys and girls are not very different. (c) Conduct Disorder and Antisocial Behaviour refer to age-inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectation, societal norms, and the personal or property rights of other. •Proactive aggression (i.e., dominating and bullying others without provocation). •Excessive anxiety or even panic experienced by children at being separated from their parents. •Have difficulty being in a room by themselves, going to school alone, are fearful of entering new situations, and cling to and shadow their parents’ every move. •To avoid separation, children with SAD may fuss, scream, throw severe tantrums, or make suicidal gestures. •An infant may show sadness by being passive and unresponsive; a preschooler may appear withdrawn and inhibited; a school-age child may be argumentative and combative; and a teenager may express feelings of guilt and hopelessness. Ans. Disorders relating to maladaptive behaviours resulting from regular and consistent use of the substance involved are called substance abuse disorders. (a)Substance Dependence refers to intense craving for the substance to which the person is addicted. The person shows tolerance, withdrawal symptoms and compulsive drug taking. Tolerance means that the person has to use more and more of a substance to get the same effect. Withdrawal refers to physical symptoms that occur when a person stops or cuts down on the use of a psychoactive substance, i.e., a substance that has the ability to change an individual’s consciousness, mood and thinking processes. (b)Substance Abuse refers to recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the use of substances. People, who regularly consume drugs, damage their family and social relationships, perform poorly at work, and create physical hazards. Substance abuse disorders are a joint result of physiological dependence and psychological dependence. Physiological dependence refers to withdrawal symptoms, i.e., the excessive dependence of the body on drugs. Psychological dependence, on the other hand, refers to the strong craving for a drug because of its pleasurable effects. •People, who abuse alcohol, drink large amounts regularly and rely on it to help them face difficult situations. •Eventually, the drinking interferes with their social behaviour and ability to think and work. •For many people the pattern of alcohol abuse extends to dependence. That is . their bodies build up a tolerance for alcohol and they need to drink even greater amounts to feel its effects. •They also experience withdrawal responses when they stop drinking. Alcoholism destroys millions of families and careers. •Intoxicated drivers are responsible for many road accidents. •It also has serious effects in the children of persons with this disorder. •These children have higher rates of psychological problems. Particularly anxiety. •Depression phobias afid substance-related disorders. •Excessive drinking can seriously damage physical health. Some of the ill effects of alcohol can be been on health and psychological functioning. •Heroin intake significantly interferes with social and occupational functioning. •Most abusers further develop a dependence on heroin, revolving their lives around the substance, building up a tolerance for it, and experiencing a withdrawal reaction when they stop taking it. •The most direct danger of heroin abuse is an overdose, which slows down the respiratory centres in the brain, almost paralyzing breathing, arid in many cases causing death. •Regular use of cocaine may lead to a pattern of abuse in which the person may be intoxicated throughout the day and function poorly in social relationships and at work. •It may also cause problem in short-term memory and attention. •Dependence may develop, so that cocaine dominates the person’s life, more of the drug is needed to get the desired effects and stopping it results in feeling of depression, fatigue, sleep problems, irritability and anxiety. •Cocaine poses serious dangerous effects on psychological functioning and physical well-being. 4. Can distorted body image lead to eating disorders? Classify the various forms of it. •A distorted body image that leads him/her to see himself/herself as overweight. •Often refusing to eat, exercising compulsively and developing unusual habits such as refusing to eat in front of others. •Anorexic may loose large amounts of weight and even starve himself/herself to death. •The individual may eat excessive amounts of food, then purge his/her body of food by using medicines.such as laxatives or diuretics or by vomiting. •The person often feels disgusted and ashamed when She/he binges and is relieved of tension and negative emotions after purging. In binge eating, there are frequent episodes of out-of-control eating. 5. “Physicians make diagnosis looking at a person’s physical symptoms.” How are psychological disorders diagnosed? Ans. Psychological disorders are diagnosed on the basis of two classifications, i.e., DSM or IV and ICD-X. •Classification of psychological disorders consists of a list of categories of specific psychological disorders grouped into various classes on the basis of some shared characteristics. •International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) is classification of behavioural and mental disorders. •ICD-10 refers to international classification of diseases and its 10th revision is being used. •It is developed by WHO under one broad heading ‘Mental Disorders’ which is based on symptoms. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IVth Edition (DSM-IV). •It Evaluates the patient on five axes or dimensions rather than just one broad aspect of ‘mental disorder’. •These dimensions relate to biological, psychological, social and other aspects. •Classifications are useful because they enable psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers to communicate with each other about the disorders. •Helps in understanding the causes of psychological disorders and the processes involved in their development. •It helps in Clinical diagnosis. Ans. • Sometimes anxiety and tension are associated with obsessions—persistent unwanted thoughts, impulses or ideas or compulsions—seemingly irrational behaviours repeatedly carried out in a fixed, repetitive way. •The compulsive actions are usually carried on to alleviate the anxiety caused by obsessions. A person provoked with anxious thoughts may try to block them out by compulsively counting steps while walking. Another person obsessed with the idea that he is guilty or dirty, may wash his hands every few minutes, sometimes till the bleed. •The symptoms of OCD include a contamination – an obsession of contamination followed by washing or compulsive avoidance of the object. Shame and disgust and the feeling of being easily contaminated are common. Patients usually believe that the contamination is spread from object to object or person to person by the slightest contact. (a)Pathological Doubt—Obsession of doubt followed by the compulsion of checking. Patients have an obsessional self-doubt and are always feeling guilty about having forgotten something. The checking may involve multiple trips back – to the house to check the stove. (b)Intrusive Thoughts—repetitive thoughts of a sexual or aggressive act that is reprehensible to the patient. This is usually not followed by compulsions. . (c)Symmetry—he need for symmetry and precision, which can lead to a compulsion of slowness. Patients can literally take an hour to shave their faces or eat a meal. (d)Other symptom patterns may include religions obsessions and compulsive hoardings as well as trichotillomania (compulsive half pulling) and nail-biting. difference. There is no quantitative difference between normal and abnormal. •The word ‘Abnormal’ literally means away from the normal. It implies deviation from some clearly defined norms or standards. •Each society has social norms, which are stated or unstated rules for proper conduct. Behaviours, thoughts and emotions that break societal norms are called abnormal. •Behaviour violates social norms or threatens or makes anxious those observing it. Violation of norms makes abnormality a relative concept; various forms of unusual behavioural can be tolerated depending on the prevailing cultural norms. Yet this component is also at once too broad and too narrow. •A society’s values may change over time. Serious questions have been raised about this definition. •It is based on the assumption that socially accepted behaviour is not abnormal, and that normality is nothing more than conformity to social norms. •This approach has major shortcomings and there are serious questions against this approach. •Recent approach views abnormal behaviour as maladaptive. Many psychologists believe that the best criterion for determining the normality of behaviour is not whether society accepts it but whether it facilitates the well-being of the individual and eventually of the group to which he/she belongs. •Well-being is not simply maintenance and survival but also includes growth and fulfilment. Maladaptive behaviour refers to—Behaviour that causes problems in life. — It is inadequate reaction to the stressful situation. — It ranges from relatively minor but troubling fears to severe distortions of reality. 3. Concept of four D’s: Now-a-days many psychologists believe that if an individual’s behaviour manifests significant deviance, distress, danger and dysfunction in his/ her behavioural pattern, then it should be treated as abnormal. 8. While speaking in public, the patient changes topics frequently. Is this a positive or a negative symptom of schizophrenia? Describe the other symptoms and sub-types of schizophrenia. Ans. While speaking in public, the patient changes topics frequently. This is a symptom of derailment. This is one of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia; is the descriptive term to a group of psychotic disorders in which personal, social and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of disturbed thought processes, strong perceptions, unusual emotional states, and motor abnormalities. . The social and psychological causes of schizophrenia are tremendous, both to patients as well as to their families and society. •Positive Symptoms—comprise excesses and provide reduction of distress in the patient. It comprises excesses of thought, emotion, and behaviour. •Negative Symptoms—deficits of thought, emotion and behaviour. •People with schizophrenia may not be able to think logically, and may speak in peculiar ways. •Formal thought disorders can make communication extremely difficult. •It refers to problems in the organization of ideas and in speaking so that a listener can understand. •These include derailment, i.e., rapidly shifting from one topic to another so that the normal structure of thinking becomes illogical (loosening of association, derailed). •Inventing new words, phrases, i.e., neologism and persistent and inappropriate repetition of the same thoughts. 2.Delusion: It is a false belief that is firmly held on inadequate grounds. It is not affected by emotional argument, and has no basis in reality. •Delusion of Persecution: belief that they are being plotted against, spied on, slandered, threatened, attacked or deliberately victimized. •Delusions of Reference: in which they attach special and personal meaning to the actions of others or to objects and event. They believe that they can read others mind. •Delusions of Grandeur: people believe themselves to be specially empowered with supernatural powers. •Delusions of Control: they believe that their feelings, thoughts and actions are controlled by others. 3. Hallucinations: Perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli. •Auditory hallucinations are most common in schizophrenia. Patients hear sounds or voices that speak words, phrases and sentences directly to the patients (second person hallucination) or talk to one another referring to the patient as he/she (third person hallucination). •Tactile hallucinations (i.e., forms of tingling, burning). •Visual hallucinations (i.e., vague perceptions of colour or distinct visions of people or objects). •Gustatory hallucinations (i.e., food or drink taste strange). •Olfactory hallucinations (i.e., smell of smoke). 4. Inappropriate Effect, i.e., emotions that are unsuited to the situation. •Alogia—poverty of speech, i.e., a reduction in speech and speech content. •Blunted effect—reduced expression of emotions. •Flat effect—no expression of emotions. •Schizophrenics move less spontaneously or make odd gestures. These symptoms may take extreme forms known as catatonia. •Catatonic stupor: motionless and silent for long stretches of time. •Catatonic rigidity: maintaining a rigid, upright posture for hours. •Catatonic posturing: assuming awkward, bizarre positions for long periods. Ans. • According to Freud, the anxiety and conflicts were believed to be converted into physical symptoms. •Dissociation can be viewed as severance of the connections between ideas and emotions. •Dissociation involves amnesia, feelings of unreality, estrangement, depersonalization and sometimes a loss or shift of identity. •Sudden temporary alterations of consciousness that blot out painful experiences are a defining characteristic of dissociative disorders. fugue, disseminative identity disorder and depersonalization. 1. Dissociative Amnesia: is characterized by extensive but selective memory loss that has no organic cause (e.g., head injury). Some people cannot remember anything about their past. Others can no longer recall specific events, people, places, or objects, while their memory for other events remains intact. • This disorder is often associated with an over-whelming stress. •Unexpected travel away from home or workplace. •The assumption of a new identity. •Inability to recall the previous identity. •The fugue usually ends when the person suddenly ‘wakes up’ with no memory of the events that occurred during the fugue. 3. Dissociative identity disorder, often referred to as multiple personality, is the most dramatic of the dissociative disorders. •It is often associated with traumatic experiences in childhood. •The person assumes alternate personalities that may or may not be aware of each other. 4. Depersonalization involves a dreamlike state in which the person has a sense of being separated both from self and from reality. •In depersonalization, there is a change of self-perception. •The person’s sense of reality is temporarily lost or changed. •The patient experiences change in his body parts. Ans. An intense, persistent irrational fear of something that produces conscious avoidance of the feared subject, activity or situation is called a phobia. •Phobias can vary in degree and how much they interfere with healthy adaptation to the environment. Some otherwise normal and well-adjusted persons also have phobias. 1. Specific phobias are those directed towards specific objects and situations and can be varied, e.g., acrophobia (fear of heights), pyrophobia (fear of fire), and hydrophobia (fear of water). 2. Social phobia is a fear of social situations, and people with this phobia may avoid a wide range of situations in which they fear they will be exposed to, scrutinized and possibly humiliated by other people. 3.Agoraphobia: is the term used when people developed a fear of entering unfamiliar situations. Social learning theories work on the principle that our experience be it positive or negative such as phobia of lizards/cockroaches are the result of learning process which start early in life. Small children can play with snakes; they are not aware of the danger involved. For them it is just another play object, as they grow up the fear of these things are instilled by their parents and society which is reinforced and accounts for reactions like phobia. A psychoanalytical account for the same could involve attribution to some unconscious > or/and repressed experiences. For example, suppose in your childhood you watched a group of roudy boys brutally torturing a cockroach/snake, which eventually died, although you going about the incidence after some days, but it might remain in back of your mind forever, which might explain your phobia to cockroaches which might remind you of the incidence and disturbs you emotionally. Ans. Anxiety is usually defined as a diffused, vague, very unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension without any apparent reason, therefore it has been called ‘butterflies in the stomach’. Rapid heart-rate, Shortness of breath, Diarrhoea, Loss of appetite, Fainting, Dizziness, Sweating, Sleeplessness, Frequent urination, Tremors. (а)Generalized anxiety disorder which consists of prolonged, vague, unexplained and intense fears that are not attached to any particular object. •Worry and apprehensive feelings about the future. •Hyper vigilance, which involves constantly scanning the environment for dangers. •It is marked by motor tension, as a result of which the person is unable to relax. (b)Panic disorder—consists of recurrent anxiety attacks in which the person experiences intense terror. •A panic attack denotes an abrupt attack of intense anxiety, rising to a peak when thoughts of a particular stimuli are present. •Such thoughts occur in an unpredictable manner. •It continues for six and seven minutes and then patients becomes normal. •People who have phobias have irrational fears related to specific objects, people, or situations. •Phobias can be grouped into three main types, i.e., specific phobias, social phobias, and agoraphobia. •Specific phobias are the most commonly occurring type of phobia. Specific phobias are unwarranted fears caused by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation. This group includes irrational fears such as intense fear of a certain type of animal, or insects. •Social phobias intense and incapacitating fear and embarrassment when dealing with others, e.g., crowded market, fear of closed space and stage fear. •Agoraphobia: people develop a fear of entering in an unfamiliar situations. Many agoraphobics are afraid of leaving their home. So their ability to carry out normal life activities is severely limited. •Obsessive Behaviour: is the inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic. The person involved often finds these thoughts to be unpleasant and shameful but can not control them. •Compulsive Behaviour: Thus is the need to perform certain behaviours over and over again. Many compulsions deal with counting, ordering, checking, touching and washing. •Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: People affected by this disorder are unable to control their preoccupation with specific ideas and are unable to prevent themselves from repeatedly caring out a particular act or series of acts that affect their ability to carry out normal activities.In OCD unwanted thoughts combine with compulsive acts. •People who have been caught in a natural disaster (such as tsunami). •Victims of bomb blasts by terrorists. •Immediate reactions, i.e., denial and disorientation. •Physiological reactions, e.g., recurrent dreams, nightmares and flashbacks. •Cognitive reactions, e.g., impaired concentration, memory loss. •Emotional numbing, e.g., emotional numbness and suicidal tendencies. •Social reaction, e.g., apathy and withdrawal.
0.999932	Companies are bound to make strategies and implement strategies to increase production and boost sales. For a company to implement some of the strategies, they ought to be managed well because some of these strategies incur some costs to implement. This essay discusses the two most applied strategies by most firms to increase production and sales i.e. forward integration strategy and Michael Porter’s generic strategies. Forward integration involves gaining ownership or control over distributors or retailers. With forward integration, manufacturers are able to acquire ownership or control over their distributors and suppliers. Forward integration becomes an excellent strategy to pursue when the firm realizes that their distributors are becoming too expensive, they might opt to carry the operations alone. When the firm realizes that, the distributors are becoming unreliable, and not delivering, according to set deadlines, or not meeting the firm’s needs. A firm might opt for forward integration due unavailability of quality distributors who are able to supply quality goods. When the firm has an excellent capital base, and human resource needed to run its distribution, and retail operations, then forward integration becomes a better option. A firm may decide to take control of the distribution, to stabilize the production and supply hence increase in production and profitability. A typical example is the coca-cola company, who take control and distribution of the coke brand to the final consumer. Porters Strategies enable companies to acquire competitive advantage over other firms, by applying three strategies, which porter referred to as generic strategies (Strategic Management, 2009). Costs Leadership. This strategy is mostly applied when some consumers are so sensitive about the cost of the organization’s product. The organization might opt to produce standardized product at a lower cost to cater for that class of consumers. Differentiation. A group of consumers is price insensitive. Most organizations produce unique products, and services, to take care of these consumers. They tend to be inclined to the brand rather than the pricing. A firm may choose to concentrate on selected target markets. This strategy is sometimes called a niche strategy, because a firm focuses all its marketing efforts to a small area, or segment. The firm meets the needs of consumers in that target market. This strategy is mostly applied by small firms, who like to compete with other companies, so they target areas where competition is weakest to earn high returns on their investment (Porter, 1998).
0.542935	Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy, an eye disease that damages the light-sensitive retina, affects an estimated total of 93 million people globally. As one of the leading causes of blindness, it is imperative that this disease be diagnosed early. However, for the 270,000 patients suffering from diabetes in Ghana, there are only 2 ophthalmic nurses qualified enough to take the fundal pictures needed to assess retinal damage, which would, in turn, take at least two days. In order to discover a more efficient method of diagnosis, we explored using machine learning to diagnose diabetic retinopathy using fundal images. Procedure: First, fundal images were imported and converted to matrices of pixel values from 0 to 255. Next, features were extracted from these matrices via various extraction methods, including using pretrained Convolutional Neural Networks and Principle Component Analysis. The data accompanying these images was extracted and converted into labels, which was used to train and test different classification models. The precision and efficiency of each classification model was printed out after training and testing. Results: The highest attained accuracy was 80%, using either the SVM classification model (with the rbf or sigmoid kernel), the NearestNeighbours classification model (with at least 13 Neighbours) or the Gaussian process (with the ConstantKernel kernel) for the Resnet34, Resnet18 and VGG11 extraction methods. Conclusion: The results prove that the trained model can diagnose a patient with diabetic retinopathy based on fundal images, and can return the accuracy of its diagnosis.
0.958528	For the 2006 British documentary TV series, see The Indestructibles (TV series). For the 2015 British TV series, see The Indestructibles (2015 TV series). Egyptologist Toby Wilkinson explained the naming as apt metaphor in Egyptian ideology. "Circumpolar stars are a very good metaphor for the afterlife because when viewed, they never seem to set: they simply rotate around the pole star. They are the undying stars, or in Egyptian terminology, the Indestructibles, a perfect destination for the soul of the dead king," he said in 2001. The context for this is the Egyptian belief that Ra (the sun god) was given birth to by Nut (the sky goddess). Nut was pictured as a naked female spread across the sky, and identified with the Milky Way – the legs formed by the bifurcation at Deneb in Cygnus, and the head by the swelling at Gemini. The head of Nut passes below the horizon about 75 minutes after the sun on the spring equinox, and at the same point on the horizon, "consuming" Ra, who was symbolically reborn 272 days later on the morning of the Winter solstice, on the same declination as Deneb. About 4,500 years ago, the Egyptians believed that the unmovable area the stars encircled by 10 degrees each, was heaven in the sense that it was the place of the afterlife. The pole star at the time was Thuban (Alpha Draconis). Egyptians associated those two stars with eternity and the afterlife of a king or pharaoh so that after death, a pharaoh would hope to join those stars. During the Old Kingdom it was thought that only the pharaoh and his family could ascend to heaven. As Pharaohs were buried in pyramids there were implications for their afterlife and their immortality and consequently the structures were deliberately aligned astronomically. Believing that their kings became stars in the Northern sky after death, Egyptians aligned their pyramids and temples due north toward the "indestructible" stars, giving the departed pharaohs direct access to the northern sky. As the Egyptians believed that the unmovable area the stars circled was heaven, the pyramids were built to align north with a single, perfectly aligned vent. In King Khufu's Pyramid, the shaft itself, built into the structure, started at the chamber of King Khufu and ends at the outside. The shaft was built at an angle, so it could always sight The Indestructibles. The Egyptians built this vent in the pyramids in order to ensure a perfectly aligned path towards heaven (although recent researches have shown them not to be completely perfect). Hancock and Bauval claim these inaccuracies mean that the Great Pyramid and by extension the Sphinx were built c. 10,500 BC, a suggestion not widely accepted. The entrances to all the Fourth Dynasty pyramids at Giza (the Great Pyramid, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure) are in their north faces and the corridors are sloped down from the entrances in such a way that both the circumpolar stars and the pole star were visible. The positioning of the pyramids is such that they do not block each other's views of these stars. Since a pyramid was a resting place, rather than a tomb, providing the occupant with all the requirements both physical and mystical for the journey of the ka to the afterlife to become an akh, as David Warburton puts it "In this sense... the entrance is in fact the exit". The North Shaft of the Kings chamber is also believed to have aligned with Beta Ursae Minoris to facilitate the King's journey as Horus to the stars. Dr. Kate Spence of the Faculty of Oriental Studies at Cambridge University argues that the alignment of the Great Pyramid of Giza was performed by waiting for a "simultaneous transit" of the circumpolar Indestructibles, and therefore, that by charting the precession of the stars a relatively accurate start date (+/- 5 years) for its construction can be given, namely 2480 BC. Previous Egyptian chronology for the Old Kingdom could only be considered accurate to within 100 years either way. The ka statue of Djoser in the tombs at Abydos was in a serdab (a type of chamber) in the northern base of his pyramid, tilted at 17 degrees to enable it to observe the circumpolar stars through two holes. ^ a b c d Ronald A Wells. Christopher Walker (ed.). Astronomy Before the Telescope. p. 35. ^ Allen, James P. (2010). Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs (revised second ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 330. ^ a b c axcurtis@sprynet.com, Anthony R. Curtis,. "Space Today Online -- Solar System Planet Earth -- Ancient Astronomy". www.spacetoday.org. Retrieved 2018-03-17. ^ a b "Ancient Egyptians built pyramids with stars in mind". CBC News. Retrieved 2018-03-17. ^ Ronald A Wells. Christopher Walker (ed.). Astronomy Before the Telescope. pp. 29–32. ^ Jill Kamil (1996). The Ancient Egyptians: Life in the Old Kingdom. American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 35. ISBN 9789774243929. ^ Timothy J. Demy; Thomas Ice (24 January 2011). Answers to Common Questions about Heaven & Eternity. Kregel Publications. p. 67. ISBN 978-0825426575. ^ a b "The message of the Sphinx, A Quest for the Hidden Legacy of Mankind", Graham Hancock and Robert Bauval, Three Rivers Press, 1997. ^ a b David Warburton (2012). Architecture, Power, and Religion: Hatshepsut, Amun & Karnak in Context. Articles on Archaeology. 7. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 139. ISBN 978-3643902351. ^ a b "Ancient Egyptian chronology and the astronomical orientation of pyramids". Nature. 408 (6810): 320–324. 16 November 2000. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..320S. doi:10.1038/35042510. PMID 11099032. This page was last edited on 8 October 2018, at 11:10 (UTC).
0.99997	The given pie charts show data on world population, the spending of people in basic needs and their share of resource consumption. As is presented in the graph, people of the world spent most of their amount for their foods and more than half of the population lives in Asia whereas more than half of the resources are consumed by the USA and European people. According to the first pie chart, people of the world on an average spent 24% on foods. In clothing, they spent 6% while this percentage is double for housing and triple for the transport. The remaining 40% is the combination of other categories for spending. The second pie chart shows that more than half of the world populations live in Asia continent while Europe & America have both only 14% of the total population. One-tenth of the world population lives in Africa and rest of the 5% people live in other places of the world. Finally, the third pie chart shows that though that 60% of world resources are consumed by the population of USA and Europe though their percentage is only 28% in total. The remaining 40% resources are shared among the rest of the 72% world population of other regions of the world.
0.956146	Apollonius of Tyana (Greek: Ἀπολλώνιος ὁ Τυανεύς; ca. 1 – 97 C.E.) was a Greek neo-Pythagorean philosopher, ascetic teacher, and wonderworker. His teachings and legend influenced both scientific thought and occultism for centuries after his death. Born at Tyana in Asia Minor, Apollonius was educated at Tarsus and at the Temple of Aesculapius at Aegae, where at 16 he devoted himself to the doctrine of Pythagoras, whose teachings he followed all his life. In his quest for further knowledge, he traveled to Eastern countries and, according to legend, performed miracles wherever he went. He is known mainly through a long account by the sophist writer Philostratus of Athens, whose biography of him is built upon a series of dialogs and stories of the sage's often miraculous activities during his wanderings. A number of letters supposedly by Apollonius are now thought to be forgeries, but play an important role in how he was perceived throughout history. An ascetic vegetarian and mystic who acquired a reputation for his magical powers, Apollonius was a contemporary of Christ, and the miracles attributed to him were often compared to those of the preacher from Nazareth. During the Enlightenment and more recently, he became the subject of a good deal of admiration as a spiritual teacher. The eighteenth century English occult writer Francis Barrett claimed Apollonius to be "one of the most extraordinary persons that ever appeared in the world." Apollonius was born in the city of Tyana, in the Roman province of Cappadocia in Asia Minor. He was educated in the nearby city of Tarsus, where he devoted himself to the doctrines of Pythagoras and adopted the ascetic habit of life in its fullest sense. He first became a religious teacher while still young in the temple of Asclepius at Aegae in Cilicia. He then traveled in the neighboring province of Pamphylia. Having reportedly kept a vow of silence for five years, Apollonius decided to travel to India to learn the wisdom of the Persian magi and the Indian Brahmins. He also went to Egypt to study the ways of the Gymnoi ("Naked Ones") there. On his way through Asia and before reaching the Euphrates, he visited a sacred Syrian city of Hierapolis, where he attracted a disciple, Damis, who kept a diary of Apollonius's deeds and sayings. These notes reportedly described a number of incidents and adventures, including events relating to Roman emperors from Nero (54-68 C.E.) to Nerva (96-98). Eventually Damis' notes are said to have come into the possession of the Empress Julia Domna, wife of the emperor Septimius Severus (194-211), who commissioned Philostratus of Athens to use them to assemble a biography of the sage. The narrative of Apollonius's travels, as reported by Philostratus, is replete with miracles and legends. In the words of historian Edward Gibbon, "we are at a loss to discover whether he was a sage, an impostor, or a fanatic." Apollonius reportedly continued to travel widely after his return from Europe, going far up the river Nile as far as Ethiopia, and in Spain as far as Gades (modern Cádiz). Though he had many followers and admirers, Philostratus admits that he also made many enemies, notably the Stoic philosopher Euphrates of Tyre. Both Apollonius's friendships and his quarrels are also reflected in his supposed extant letters. In these he claimed only the power of foreseeing the future. Philostratus, on the other hand, relates a number of miracles performed by Apollonius. For example, he either raised from death or revived from a death-like state the daughter of a Roman senator and miraculously escaped death himself after being accused of treason both by Nero and by Domitian. After further travels in Greece, Apollonius finally settled in Ephesus. Philostratus keeps up the mystery of his hero's life by saying, "Concerning the manner of his death, if he did die, the accounts are various." Philostratus seems to prefer a version in which Apollonius disappears mysteriously in the temple of the goddess Dictynna in Crete. Philostratus' voluminous Life of Apollonius explains that the sage of Tyana was a teacher of asceticism whose personal knowledge featured not only an understanding of mathematics and philosophy but also direct revelations from the gods. Philostratus himself was an Athenian sophist and professional orator. While emphasizing that Apollonius was indeed a worker of wonders, Philostratus refutes the notion that the sage of Tyana was a magician. The miracles that Apollonius performed were thus the result of his superior knowledge, not of wizardry or the ability to perform magic tricks. Apollonius was believed to have taught a belief in God as the supreme being, whom he conceived of as being fundamentally apart from the Universe, and is completely perfect, needing nothing from human beings in terms of sacrifices or offerings. In terms of the human relationship, prayers are unnecessary, but contemplation, both mystical and rational is encouraged. In no other manner, I believe, can one exhibit a fitting respect for the Divine being... than by refusing to offer to God—whom we termed First, who is One and separate from all, as subordinate to Whom we must recognize all the rest—any victim at all. To Him we must not kindle fire or make promise unto Him of any sensible object whatsoever. For He needs nothing, even from beings higher than ourselves... We should make use in relation to Him solely the higher speech, I mean that which issues not by the lips; and from the noblest faculty we possess, and that faculty is intelligence, which needs no organ. On these principles then, we ought not on any account to sacrifice to the mighty and supreme God. Apollonius was said to have warned the citizens of Ephesus of an impending plague, but they ignored his warning until the pestilence struck. Remembering his prophecy, they sought further advice of the man they thought to be a mighty magician, who revealed that there was a wretched beggar among them who should be stoned to death. After the deed was done, the people removed the pile of stones under which they thought the beggar laid, however they only found a black dog, which Apollonius explained was the actual cause of the plague. The situation in which Apollonius was reported to have brought the daughter of a Roman consul back to life also won him widespread fame. However, Philostatus was unsure whether the girl just appeared to be dead or was actually dead. Apollonius is also said to have stopped one of his former students, Menippus of Corinth, from marrying a vampire. Apollonius appeared as a guest at the wedding festivities before the banquet. He then made all the banquet's amenities and even some of the guests disappear, proving that they must have been an illusion created by the evil bride. He then made the young woman to confess her true identity, thereby rescuing Menippus from a terrible fate on his wedding night. Another recounting has an Indian magician making seven rings representing the seven planets and giving them to Apollonius, who wore a different one each day. The legend has it that this enabled him to maintain his youthfulness well into old age, with his living reportedly to 100 years of age. There is also a mystery surrounding Apollonius' death. Some reported that he fell out of favor with Emperor Severus, who put him on trial and had his hair cut off to eradicate his magical powers. Then Apollonius simply vanished from the courtroom, never to be seen again. Although his followers said that he had died, they nonetheless insisted he was taken up into heaven. Meanwhile, Philostratus related several other versions of Apollonius' death, including that the sage of Tyana vanished in the temple of the goddess Dictynna. Ezra Pound evoked Apollonius in several of his later Cantos. Apollonius has continued to exert significant influence throughout the centuries. Coins were struck and statues erected commemorating him, and in Tyana, a temple was built and dedicated to him. Around 300, a certain Hierocles endeavored to prove that pagans were more reasonable in believing the sayings and doings of Apollonius than Christians were in believing the "ignorant" followers of Jesus. The Christian bishop, Eusebius of Caesarea wrote a Reply to Hierocles, in which he argued that Philostratus' account of Apollonius was much more incredible than anything that Christian sources said about Jesus, and if what Philostratus said was true, then Apollonius must have been in league with demons. This started a debate on the relative merits of Jesus and Apollonius that has gone on in different forms into modern times. In Late Antiquity, Apollonius became a hero of pagan culture, though Christian writers were sometimes sympathetic towards him because of his lifelong chastity, avoidance of alcohol, and devotion to a religion that rejected sacrifices to the Roman gods. The late fourth-century Historia Augusta says that Apollonius appeared to the Emperor Aurelian when he was besieging Tyana, Apollonius' hometown. Aurelian supposedly claimed to have seen Apollonius speak to him, beseeching him to spare the city of his birth. "Aurelian, if you desire to rule, abstain from the blood of the innocent!" Apollonius declared. "If you will conquer, be merciful!" Aurelian, who admired Apollonius, therefore spared Tyana. Apollonius continued to be influential in the Middle Ages. For example, the medieval Islamic alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan's Book of Stones contains a lengthy analysis of alchemical works attributed to Apollonius. In Europe, several advocates of Enlightenment saw him as an early proponent of a universal, non-denominational religion compatible with Reason. In 1680, Charles Blount, a radical English deist, published the first English translation of the first two books of Philostratus' Life of Apollonius. Voltaire, too, praised Apollonius. In the Marquis de Sade's "Dialogue Between a Priest and a Dying Man," the Dying Man compares Jesus to Apollonius as a false prophet. Some teachers of Theosophy, notably C.W. Leadbeater, Alice A. Bailey, and Benjamin Creme, considered Apollonius as an Ascended Master and/or an embodiment of the Master Jesus. Helena Blavatsky wrote that Apollonius, though "perhaps less metaphysical and more practical than Jesus," taught the same "high moral truths" that Christ did. In the twentieth century, Ezra Pound evoked Apollonius in his later Cantos as a figure associated with sun-worship and a messianic rival to Christ. Pound also celebrates Apollonius' aversion to ancient Jewish animal sacrifice. More recently Apollonius appeared as a fictional character in the 1935 novel The Circus of Dr. Lao, as well as the 1964 film adaptation 7 Faces of Dr. Lao. All links retrieved April 8, 2016. History of "Apollonius of Tyana" This page was last modified on 8 April 2016, at 18:53.
0.950571	"MACFLECKNOE: A SATIRE UPON THE TRUE-BLUE PROTESTANT POET T.S." John Dryden (1684) Although a first authorized published edition of "MacFlecknoe" by John Dryden appeared in Miscellaney Poems in 1684, it had been circulated in unapproved versions since 1682. Critics cannot pinpoint the year that Dryden wrote it, but he may have done so as early as 1678. Written in 218 lines of rhyming couplets, it represents satire in which Dryden takes to task the poet and dramatist Thomas Shad well, the T.S. indicated in its subtitle. Dryden critics still puzzle over the poet's motivation in writing the poem. Although he had quarreled publicly with Shadwell over political matters, the two appeared still to hold one another in regard, and Shadwell proved a talented writer, undeserving of Dryden's judgment that his work was dull and unworthy of commendation. Equally puzzling is the poem's tone, which, for all of the work's clever references, remains, as Earl Miner notes, not biting but rather "curiously affectionate." Dryden intimates that Shadwell is part of an inner circle of writers struggling under specific political and religious upheaval in the London environment. unable to stand the pressures, he bows to outside forces and sacrifices his art. Exposure to the upheaval and its resultant pressures led to obvious tension among factions, and jealousy or suspicion may have prompted a quarrel that led Dryden to expose Shadwell to ridicule. The two poets had their political differences. The Protestant Shadwell supported Anthony Ashley Coo per, earl of Shaftesbury, in the dispute over who should succeed King Charles II to the English throne. Shaftes-bury championed Charles's illegitimate son, the Protestant James Scott, duke of Monmouth, while Dryden supported the Catholic brother of Charles, James, duke of York. Dryden had caricatured Shaftesbury in his Absalom AND Achitophel (1681). Dryden also attacked Shaftesbury in his satire The Medall (1682), which parodied the Whigs who celebrated Shaftesbury's verdict of innocence when he was tried for his part in an attempt to overthrow Charles. Dryden characterized the jurors who freed Shaftesbury as ignoramuses, and his followers, who cast a medal celebrating his "innocence," as ignorant revelers. The poem caused immediate response from poets supporting Protestant interests, Shadwell included. He attacked Dryden in his The Medal of John Bayes (1682). "MacFlecknoe" appeared for the first time about six months later. The tensions present in London over not only religion, but also trade, created a paranoia supporting rumors such as the so-called Popish Plot. Dryden refers to London as Augusta in the poem, alluding to its nervous environment when he inserts a quiet parenthetical statement as line 65, "(The fair Augusta much to fears inclin'd)." 262 "MACFLECKNOE: A SATIRE UPON THE TRUE-BLUE PROTESTANT POET T.S." successor to "realms of Nonsense" just prior to his death; the Mac prefix means "son of." Why Dryden selected Flecknoe as the vehicle for his attack remains unclear. As the country worried about a successor to their monarch, the poem satirized succession issues and exposed various London figures to ridicule. Dryden compares Sh-to the contemporary dramatists Thomas Heywood and James Shirley, again puzzling critics, as neither proved deserving of so derogatory a characterization. When thou on silver Thames did'st cut thy way With well tim'd oars before the royal barge, And big with hymn, commander of an host, The like was ne'er in Epsom blankets toss'd. And "Sh-" they resound from Aston Hall. Preparations are made for the coronation, and the speaker describes in lines 67-75 a brothel district in Augusta where a watchtower, an allusion to the grandeur of Rome, once stood, and "now, so Fate ordains, / Of all the pile an empty name remains." Nearby "a Nursery erects its head / Where queens are formed and future heroes bred." This nursery produces actors, and Dryden employs the contemporary association of acting with prostitution, as the nursery is near the brothel. Scholars explain that such imagery allows continuous contrast between the glorified past and a debased present. Dryden invents the term Maximins in line 78 to describe the inhabitants of Augusta who challenge the gods. He engages in wordplay on a classical term: Where Maximus means "greatest," his term represents the opposite. The coronation celebration, involving a parade through the streets of Augustus, connotes the type of empty drama, all artistry and no art, of which Dryden accuses Shadwell and his ilk. written by George Herbert; as well as to biblical stories and images. Many of his references serve to juxtapose the tawdry existence of the individuals who serve as targets of his poem against that of the high values held by classic and 17th-century laudatory writers. He signals readers that a heroic past has dissolved into a debased present, when artists are wasting a once noble heritage. Both print and electronic versions of the poem supply exhaustive keys to Dryden's multiple references. As with all satires, a thorough understanding of Dryden's era is required in order to appreciate "MacFlecknoe." Shadwell represented political values that Dryden found anathema, but, possibly more importantly, he represented the sacrifice of art to social pressures, an act of which Dryden himself had stood accused. What does blue signify a satire upon the trueblue protestant poet t.s? What is the subtitle of the medal by dryden? What was the sub title of dryden the medal?
0.999997	People who are looking for a dog that can learn and develop orders and techniques very easily must remember that canines require a lot of attention, affection and mental stimulation through different intelligence games. According to the book, the 5 most intelligent dog breeds in the world are presented: 1. Border collie For generations, the border collie has been a shepherd dog, watchdog and therapy dog. Fortunately today many people enjoy the company of this adorable dog simply because of the attractiveness in education that it offers: it is capable of remembering a wide range of orders. There is the case of Chaser, a Border Collie capable of identifying 1,022 different toys. It is a fantastic companion for hiking, running or camping. 2. Poodle or poodle This canine has a lot of energy and is adept at learning tricks of all kinds. He also has a very affectionate and sociable character, behaves wonderfully with young children. 3. German Shepherd It is a sensitive, intelligent and intuitive dog. For generations the standard of this breed has been perfectly cared for by its enormous mental, physical and cognitive attributes. The German shepherd enjoys an extraordinary beauty. It is appreciated in most countries of the world. 4. Golden Retriever The Golden can assume all kinds of tasks from police dog detecting drugs, as a rescue dog or simply as a wonderful companion dog. He is very tolerant of the young children he cares for, protects and lets them do nonsense. 5. Doberman pinscher Despite the bad press that sometimes has come to have, is a fairly quiet and tolerant race with all family members including the little ones. Most behavioral problems that the Doberman Pinscher presents derive from bad education, lack of physical or mental exercise. However this dog is very sociable, active and intelligent that detests loneliness and boredom. This breed of dog enjoys exercising and being with your family. He is always going to take care of her. He is noble and always vigilant and attentive. People who are looking for a dog that can learn and develop orders and techniques very easily must remember that canines require a lot of attention, affection and mental stimulation through different intelligence games. For generations, the border collie has been a shepherd dog, watchdog and therapy dog. Fortunately today many people enjoy the company of this adorable dog simply because of the attractiveness in education that it offers: it is capable of remembering a wide range of orders. There is the case of Chaser, a Border Collie capable of identifying 1,022 different toys. It is a fantastic companion for hiking, running or camping. This canine has a lot of energy and is adept at learning tricks of all kinds. He also has a very affectionate and sociable character, behaves wonderfully with young children. It is a sensitive, intelligent and intuitive dog. For generations the standard of this breed has been perfectly cared for by its enormous mental, physical and cognitive attributes. The German shepherd enjoys an extraordinary beauty. It is appreciated in most countries of the world. The Golden can assume all kinds of tasks from police dog detecting drugs, as a rescue dog or simply as a wonderful companion dog. He is very tolerant of the young children he cares for, protects and lets them do nonsense. Despite the bad press that sometimes has come to have, is a fairly quiet and tolerant race with all family members including the little ones. Most behavioral problems that the Doberman Pinscher presents derive from bad education, lack of physical or mental exercise. However this dog is very sociable, active and intelligent that detests loneliness and boredom. This breed of dog enjoys exercising and being with your family. He is always going to take care of her. He is noble and always vigilant and attentive.
0.992373	I'm often asked by my criminal defence clients: "should I plead guilty? What you do think I should do?" Unfortunately, these are such personal decisions, potentially have such great ramifications for my clients' lives, that I unfortunately can't give them direct answers to those kinds of questions. The best I can do is explain to them: (1) all of their options (sometimes there are more options than simply plead or don't plead), (2) the likely consequences of their options, and (3) that usually they don't have to make an instantaneous decision about pleading. They can take a few days or weeks to talk it over with friends and family, and ask me follow up questions. The last thing I want for any of my clients is for them to later regret whatever decisions they arrive at. There are five primary factors I tell my clients to consider when deciding whether or not to plead. 1. Did you actually commit a criminal act? For clients who are completely innocent of any wrong doing, I can't ethically help them plead guilty to things they didn't do. Even though they might be offered good plea "deals" and even though those deals would get their matters out of the way so that they could move on with lives. I (and other criminal defence lawyers) just can't do that. But there's some nuance to this question. Even if you didn't do exactly what is alleged factually or legally against you, you might have still committed a criminal offence, and so you might still be able to properly plead to something. 2. Can you live with the likely consequences of a guilty plea? If the consequence of a plea will be a criminal record, and you absolutely can't live with that - perhaps because it would ruin your career - then you probably won't want to plead. Likewise if there will be a consequence like a two year driving suspension that you can't live with, again you'll want to think twice before pleading. But if the consequences won't ruin your life - maybe you'll be getting a discharge that avoids a criminal record, or receive a fine that avoids jail - that a plea might be a good idea. 3. Can you financially and emotionally afford to go to trial? The answer to this question might depend on the kind of charges you are facing. Going to trial on an impaired driving charge might only cost you a few thousand dollars in legal fees, and the time waiting for a trial date could be under a year. However, going to trial on a drug conspiracy might involved tens of thousands of dollars in legal fees, and many years of legal proceedings as the case drags through first a preliminary inquiry and then possibly a multi-week trial. Some of my clients just "want to get it over with" and move on with their lives. Whereas others are willing to be patient, and spend a year or more waiting to see how things play out. 4. Is the sentence after trial likely to be much worse than the sentence on a plea? The rule of thumb is that a guilty plea will save you about 1/3 off your sentence. But sometimes it may be a lot more of less. Like the difference between getting a criminal record, and not getting a criminal record. Thus you and your lawyer will need to carefully evaluate the "bad outcome" risk of going to trial. If the Crown is seeking two years imprisonment on a plea, and the worst case scenario after trial might be 2 1/2 years, then that isn't a lot of risk to take. But if the Crown will take a fine on a plea, and will want three months in jail after trial, then that is a huge difference. 5. What are you chances of winning a trial? This is a question to which your lawyer won't be able to give you precise odds, but she or he should be able to tell you in general terms whether you have a defence to present. Sometimes the defence might be very "technical" (like that an officer wasn't properly qualified to administer a particular test), sometimes it might be based on a violation of your "rights" (like that there was no legal power to search you car), and at other time it could simply be based on your testimony needing to be believed at trial that you "didn't do it." Your lawyer should be able to tell you if you have good or bad chances at trial, based on the evidence the Crown plans to present against you, and the legal defences you'll be able to raise. For any of the considerations, the key point to remember is that you should get some legal advice prior to making the decision to plead or not plead. That advice might be from your own privately retained lawyer, from a lawyer paid by legal aid, or from duty counsel in the courthouse. Where you get the advice is less important than the fact that you need such advice prior to pleading or setting a trial date.
0.961142	Eat more varieties of fruits and vegetables. Eat fruits that are meant for season and have varieties. Consume veggies in the form of salad. Fruits and veggies are typically low in calories, high in fiber, and rich in antioxidants and phytochemicals.
0.984829	Here are additional notes around my previous post Git history matters . Sounds ok since you have only one commiter. But the git history becomes unnecessarily complex since several features are coded at the same time or when features require a base branch merge. # Author commits as D. Doctor by default. git config user.name "D. Doctor" # Add some commits, so that history is not empty. git commit --allow-empty -m "Initialized repository." git commit --allow-empty -m "Refs #1 - README introduces project." git commit --allow-empty -m "Release 1.0." git checkout master # Make sure we start from master. # Commit as A. Abracadabra. git commit --allow-empty -m "Added TravisCI.org configuration." --author="A. Abracadabra <a.abracadabra@example.com>" # Commit as C. Cachemire. git commit --allow-empty -m "Introduced Sphinx documentation. Work in progress." --author="C. Cachemire <c.cachemire@example.com>" git commit --allow-empty -m "Added about/ section in documentation." --author="C. Cachemire <c.cachemire@example.com>" git commit --allow-empty -m "Typos." --author="C. Cachemire <c.cachemire@example.com>" Later, A. Abracadabra adds some commits in his travis branch. git commit --allow-empty -m "Added link to continuous integration platform in README." --author="A. Abracadabra <a.abracadabra@example.com>" Master has only the initial commits. We have 2 topic branches. None of the topic branches has been merged in master yet. In topic branches, there are several commits. travis branch has one commit before sphinx ones, and one commit after. So a flat chronological view of commits will not suggests the branches. What does history look like at this time? # Let's configure an alias to improve log format. Now, D. Doctor merges sphinx branch into master, with a merge commit. Let's update the travis branch before we merge it. git config user.name "A. Abracadabra" # Psyko-rebase "gitignore" branch on top of "master" branch. git merge master -m "Merge branch 'master' into travis" See also psykorebase about "merging travis branch on top of master , still in a topic branch". Finally, D. Doctor merges travis branch. # Merge "travis" branch in "master", with an explicit merge commit. We have 3 commits explicitely performed on master : initial commit and 2 merges. The 2 topic branches have been merged in master . gitignore branch has one commit before links ones, and one commit after. So a flat chronological view of commits do not suggests the branches. What a mess! Let's alter history! The filtered log above is what you make via "rebase+squash" workflows, isn't it? in the first case, rebase+squash action was performed by D. Doctor, but he preserved authorship of commits in topic branches. We do not have the information "who merged". in the second case, merge commits in master are authored by D. Doctor, who performed the merge. Contributors (A. Abracadabra and C. Cachemire) are mentioned in history of topic branches. Notice the filtered log above is the only thing you can get once you have rebased+squashed. You altered history, you did not keep the original commits. you can revert a subset of a feature. Useful in case of a mistake. As we saw above, the "nice log" can be displayed whatever the workflow. So this result is not the main difference between the workflows. Where is the value? editing history is longer than merging. When merging, you focus on the merge commit: diff and message. in case of mistake, merge-based workflow can save you time. You can revert a merge and rewind in original history. Whereas with a rebase+squash you only have the squashed result, no way to rewind. You certainly are smart enough to fix the mistake manually, but in some cases it is easier (and safer) with git revert or git reset. The use case may be rare, but the time you spend on it may be big, and the stakes can be big too. in some cases, original history saves you time. Sometimes you need to check details of a topic branch, or some code design has been tried then reverted in topic branch, or some discussion references a commit in topic branch... Again, the use case may be rare, but when it occurs, you appreciate having the full topic branch history. Else you have to remember, guess or whatever. Nothing blocker, but time you could save. It is also a matter of responsibility: I'd prefer make a mistake in a merge commit than mess up a rebase+squash. Because I know I can revert a merge, and I know I preserved other's hard-work. Whereas doing a rebase+squash, I potentially alter one's contribution. That's what I called "do not bother with micro commits" in the previous post Git history matters . I think merge-based workflows are the way to go... but I must admit I do not know how to implement some features they have. I mean, I understand why people complain about merge and promote "rebase+squash": rebase -i is a powerful Git builtin. It looks quite simple. It produces simple output. And many people use it. Those are good enough reasons to use rebase+squash workflows. My point is we should try, develop and promote merge-based workflows. It means collecting or making tools that implement the workflow. git-flow is one solution. There could be others with one master and N topic branches. And, about reading Git history, there could be tools that produce nice views out of any complex raw history. To display commits in main branch (i.e. master ), the --first-parent option is fine. git history visualizations , where the README explains the issue... and there is no implementation as of 2014-02-11. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1527234/finding-a-branch-point-with-git and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14848274/git-log-to-get-commits-only-for-a-specific-branch where simple questions get complex answers. Back to our sample scenario above, as of 2014-02-11, I do not know a simple way to get the list of commits in travis branch after it has been merged. I guess it could be displayed, but the only way I know is reading the full and raw log (easier with gitk or gitg ).
0.999995	You could write an entire book on the benefits of regular exercise. Exercise helps us to control our weight, minimize our risk of cardiovascular disease, enhance our mood, elevate our energy, and promote better sleep, just to identify a few examples. But what about our hearing? Can exercise also prevent age-related hearing loss? Researchers at the University of Florida began by separating the mice into two groups. The first group of mice had access to a running wheel while the other group did not. The researchers then calculated how far each of the mice ran individually on the running wheel. Researchers compared the indicators of inflammation in the group of exercising mice with the group of sedentary mice. The exercising group was able to hold most indicators of inflammation to about half the levels of the inactive group. Why is this noteworthy? Researchers believe that age-related inflammation damages the structures of the inner ear (strial capillaries and hair cells). In fact, the non-exercising mice with increased inflammation lost the structures of the inner ear at a far faster rate than the exercising group. This led to a 20 percent hearing loss in sedentary mice compared to a 5 percent hearing loss in the active mice. For people, this means that age-related inflammation can impair the anatomy of the inner ear, bringing about age-related hearing loss. By exercising, however, inflammation can be minimized and the anatomy of the inner ear—together with hearing—can be maintained. Additional studies are ongoing, but researchers believe that regular exercise prevents inflammation and yields growth factors that help with blood flow and oxygenation of the inner ear. If that’s correct, then physical exercise may be one of the best ways to prevent hearing loss into old age. About two-thirds of those age 70 and older have age-related hearing loss. Pinpointing the factors that lead to hearing loss and the prevention of damage to the inner ear has the capacity to help millions of people.
0.939877	Show that the line is tangent to this curve and find the point of tangency. Determine if this line intersects the curve anywhere else. Next, for the line to be tangent to the curve the point must actually be on the curve. So, we test out the two possible values of . If , we have . So is not tangent to the curve at . If , we have ; hence, is tangent to the curve at . This tangent line also intersects the curve at .
0.958975	Early members of the Serbian Chemical Society published their professional articles on chemistry in 1898 and 1899 in Nastavnik (the Teacher), a journal of the Teachers' Society. However, already at the beginning of 1899 the Society published a separate Bulletin under the name of Minutes of the Serbian Chemical Society. From 1899 to 1906, 11 issues of the Minutes were published. In 1906 publication of the Minutes ceased. In 1914 a report by M. Stojiljkovic for the period 1904-1906 was published in the Teacher. Those were the first publishing activities of the Serbian Chemical Society. In the Statute of the Society which was passed in January 1927, several articles referred to the professional journal. In article 5 dealing with the means of realizing the tasks of the Society, it was said that this would be achieved, among other things, "by publishing a professional journal". Three more articles of the Statute referred to publishing magazines; article 34: "The Administrative Committee is to organize the publication of a professional journal as a periodical of the Society," article 35: "The Society will issue separate regulations about editorial work and publication of the journal," article 36: "The professional journal will be printed at a location which the Administrative Committee finds most suitable for the interests of the Society. All members of the Editorial Board need not necessarily be from the town where the journal is published, for they can communicate in written form." The journal of the Serbian Chemical Society was founded three years after the Statute had been passed. However, already in the same year when, after the First World War, the restored Serbian Chemical Society started working, i.e. in 1927, several chemical papers were published. The first two years, 1927 and 1928, the papers were published in a journal both for chemistry and pharmacy: The Archives for Entire Chemistry and Pharmacy which was published as a supplement to Glas apotekarstva (the Voice of Pharmacy), the journal of the Serbian Pharmaceutics Society. The Journal was edited by A. Leko, P. Jovanovic and M. Mokranjac, as well as by the former Editor of the Voice of Pharmacy M. Mirkovic. The first year three issues were published and in the following year, 1928, one issue. In 1929 the Journal separated from the Voice of Pharmacy and was published independently under the name of Anali hemije i farmacije (Annals of Chemistry and Pharmacy). Only one issue was published because in 1930 the Chemical Society of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes started its own scientific and professional publication Glasnik Hemijskog Drustva Kraljevine Jugoslavije (The Journal of the Chemical Society of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). Nikola Pusin was entrusted with the editorial work. He was Editor-in-Chief of the Journal till the beginning of the Second World War. The first editorial board was elected on March 25th, 1930. The last pre-war volume of the Journal, volume 10 in 1939, contained 15 papers, 3 reports, 4 communications and 1 obituary on 219 pages. The last paper was received in mid-December, 1940 which means that the last issue of that year was published either at the end of 1940 or, which is more probable, at the beginning of 1941. The first post-war volume of the Journal was published in 1947 under the name Glasnik hemijskog drustva Beograd (Journal of the Chemical Society of Belgrade). That year, two volumes were published: volume 11, designated 1940-1946, and volume 12 for 1947. The Editorial Board for publication of the Journal was named at the end of 1945, and constituted at the beginning of 1946. Nikola A. Pusin remained on as Editor-in-Chief. At the beginning of 1957 the Administrative Committee of the Society decided that from January, 1957 papers could be published in English, German, Russian and French, with a short summary in the national language. The first paper written in English was published in the triple issue 5-6-7. It was the paper by Velimir Canic and Radmila Djordjevic, accepted on May 11th, 1957: The Basicities of Pyridine-Monocarboxyllc Acid Ethyl Esters and the Equilibrium Between Dipolar Ions and Uncharged Molecule in Solutions of These Acids. From 1957 the Journal has the title Documenta Chemica Jugoslavica at the top of its covers. This was the outcome of long-term efforts of the Union of Chemical Societies of Yugoslavia to achieve some definite uniformity in publishing journals and in promoting the scientific level papers published in Yugoslav chemical periodicals. Only journals that agreed to respect an agreement about a number of technical question mostly, that papers could only be published after having been given at lea two positive reviews, were allowed to have this title. After 1957, that is, after volume 22 had been published, the Journal due to the shortage of financial means, was not published for almost three years. By the beginning of 1961 one special issue of the Journal had been published. That issue contained the author, subject and formula, indexes of volumes 1-10 (1930-1939), published in 1958, and 6 issues of volumes 23-24 for 1958159. At the beginning of 1961 some means were obtained from the Fund for Publishing Activities and the Council for Culture of Serbia. Some means were also obtained from institutions whose members published their papers in the Journal. In order to regulate the financial situation of the Journal, the Administrative Committee decided to introduce advertisements in the Journal so that some money could be collected in that way. The publishing house "Nolit" in 1961 agreed to publish parallel editions of the Journal in English with the assistance of International Technical Funds. The number of printed copies in 1961 was 1280, of which 70 copies were exchanged for foreign journals from 24 countries and 15 with domestic publishers. In 1963, due to the publication of the delayed issues of volume 27 for 1962, only issues 1 and 2 of volume 28 for 1963 were published; other issues were published in 1964. As the delay in the publication of the Journal was longer and longer, the Administrative Committee of the Society was forced to change publishers. Volume 28 had 59 papers. The Editors continued to encourage members of the Society to more frequently send their papers to the Journal, because the publication of all 10 issues "depended exclusively on their scientific activity." The appeal to authors for their intensive co-operation failed, and in 1964 the number of papers was reduced to 36. Consequently, the triple issue 8-9-10 contained only abstracts of the 11th Annual Meeting. During that year Djordje M. Dimitrijevic was appointed new Editor. The new Editorial Board issued new extended rules on how to prepare manuscripts for publication. In 1965 the number of papers decreased again - 33 papers on 337 pages. Beside 10 issues, volume 30 also had a separate supplement containing the Proposal of the Yugoslav Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry Made on the Basis of the Recommendations of the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry. The Serbian version of the proposal was done by Prof. Vukic Micovic.In 1968 Aleksandar R. Despic was elected Editor-in-Chief. In the triple issue 2-3-4 bibliographic cards appeared for the first time They contained summaries of published papers and universal decimal classification; these cards were published regularly till 1978. The total of published papers was 45 in three triple issues (2-3-4, 5-6-7, 8-5-10). In 1972, apart from 5 double issues with 36 papers, the jubilee issue of the Journal was published on occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Society. In that issue Prof. Djordje Dimitrijevic, President of the Society, gave a detailed review of the history of the Society, which included both the foundation of the Journal and its activities in former years. The Editor of the jubilee volume was Prof. Dragomir Vitorovic. In 1976 Prof. Slobodan V. Ribnikar was named Editor-in-Chief. The same year the Journal came out in a new more modem outfit, and the authors were given new instructions on to how to prepare their text. The number of papers was suddenly increased, which, to some extent, was a consequence of the more regular publication of the Journal. The Journal was introduced into international classification according to which it was given the label YU-ISSN 0017-0941. The Journal had 589 subscribers in Yugoslavia and 38 abroad, and 134 copies were sent abroad to be exchanged. In June 1984 at the Annual Assembly of the Serbian Chemical Society, it was decided, beginning from volume 50 for 1985, to have all papers published only in English, and to have the title of the Journal changed to the Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. The summaries would continue being written in Serbian. In 1985 the Journal was published exclusively in English, 12 issues a year, under the new name and with a different cover (designer Milan Jovanovic). Eighty-three papers were printed on 582 pages. Two more associates were included in editing the Journal, Prof. Milica Misic-Vukovic and Prof. Svetozar Niketic, as Assistants to the Editor-in-Chief Academician Dragutin M. Drazic was appointed Editor-in-Chief In 1986 he took over all editorial work together with the former Assistant Editors, Editorial Board and Council. The Journal attained the largest scope in the course of 1995 on the 10th anniversary of being published under its new name and in English when 142 papers by 322 authors (25 foreign) were published on 1201 pages. At the request of the Institute for Scientific Information - SCI from Philadelphia (USA) a contract was made for the Journal to be included in their Genuine Articles Document Delivery Service. At a meeting of the Administrative Committee of the Serbian Chemical Society in March 1950, at the initiative of Prof. Aleksandar Leko and some of his closest colleagues, it was decided to start the professional journal Hemijski pregled (Chemical Review) primarily intended to spread chemical culture. The First Editors of the Chemical Review were Milenko Milic and Alfred Jeger. Of all the initiators of the Chemical Review, Prof. Aleksandar Leko was the one who tended publication the most and who dealt with all problems related to it, so it may be said that he was in love with his creation - the Chemical Review. To quote Prof. A. Leko: "I have imagined the Chemical Review to be a journal of general chemical education, a journal to help all teachers, and especially those working in secondary schools, to refresh their teaching and make it more interesting. In my opinion, such a journal is badly needed and that was why I have strongly supported it and have worked not only to maintain it but to see it gain its proper place in our country." The Chemical Review was published regular bimonthly till 1956, and the following Editors were appointed: Milenko Milic, 1952, Milenko Milic and Cedomirr Jenic, 1953, Dejan Delic, Milenko Milic and Slavko Rasajski, 1955. However, due to the financial difficulties of the Serbian Chemical Society with the sixth volume of that year, its publication was interrupted. After ten years the Chemical Review appeared again. At the beginning of 1967 the first volume came out under the supervision of its Editor-in-Chief, Prof. A. Leko, who again was the main initiator of the publication of the Review. From that time six issues have been published annually. To the general satisfaction of all members of the Society, Prof. Leko continued editing the Chemical Review till 1976. After Prof. A. Leko, Prof. Milosav Dragojevic 1977 was named Editor-in-Chief of the Chemical Review and he performed editorial duties till 1979 when Prof. Stanimir Arsenijevic was appointed Editor who is still performing this duty. In order to respond to all the tasks entrusted to the Review by its founders, and also to be well informed of developments in science, the Editorial Board of the Chemical Review continues to follow modem achievements in chemistry as a fundamental natural science, its application new materials, modem chemical industry, as well as to support the promotion of teaching chemistry at all levels. It attempts to inform, not only members of the Serbian Chemical Society, but also other readers on novelties in chemistry and presents chemistry as a science which encompasses all parts of modem life. Chemistry is rightly expected to contribute to the solution of many strategic problems of the modem world. The "youngest" publication of the Society are: The News from the Serbian Chemical Society, or shortly, just News. They started being published in the ninth decade of the Society's existence (1978) with the idea that all members should be regularly informed of the many activities which are realised through the Society. At the Annual Meeting Assembly held on January 16th, 1978, the decision to start publishing an informative newsletter was confirmed. It would be published quarterly and would be delivered to all members free of charge. The intention was that this publication become an interpreter and propagator of the basic goals of the Serbian Chemical Society. Over the past seventeen years 41 issues of the News were published - in the first years three issues annually, and then mostly two issues a year. The Editors of the News have been Teodor Ast, Radoslav Adzic and Smiljka Stevic, and since 1994 Dusanka Petrovic-Dakov. Apart from the three regular publications described in detail, publishing activities related to publishing presentations from scientific and professional meetings organized by the Society, has been exceptionally great. There are books in the form of proceedings with complete papers, books with extended summaries and books of abstracts. As the Society has organised at least one and usually several meetings a year in the last forty years, it ' is quite clear how enormous the publishing activity has been. Among the many published books exceptional useful ones are the Serbo-Croatian English Dictionary - Chemistry and Related Sciences compiled by Prof. Slobodan Ribnikar who was induced by the mistakes in English texts he had come across during his thirteen years of experience of editing the Journal of the Chemical Society Belgrade and Popis Casopisa (List of journals) from the field of pure and applied chemistry in libraries in Serbia (1958) which was compiled by Prof. Aleksandar Horovic.
0.999734	wat is the relation between continuity and differentiablity????? # While examining the continuity and differentiability of a function f(x) at a point x = a,if you start with differentiability and find that f(x) is differentiable then u can conclude that the function is also continuous. # But if u find that the f(x) is not differentiable at x = a, you will also have to check the continuity separately. # Instead ,if you start with continuity and find that the function is not continuous then you can conclude that the function is also non differentiable . # But if u find f(x) is continuous,you will also have to check the differentiability separately. The following graphs illustrate the relationship between continuity and differentiability. This graph of the left is continuous at every real number but this graph is not differentiable at x = 1. The graph of the right is not continuous at x = 1 so it certainty is not differentiable there.
0.999998	Tras 2 tercios de Liga disputados, los equipos comienzan a valorar sus opciones de entrar en Europa. ¡Y ojo!, porque puede haber sorpresas. Real Madrid, Barcelona y Sevilla, salvo catástrofe, estarán la siguiente temporada en Europa y en la próxima edición de la Champions League. Pero los demás se la juegan. Ganar la Liga parece una quimera, así que se centrará en conseguir una plaza de Champions. Pero la Real le pisa los talones. Este Atleti no es el de otras temporadas y el efecto del Cholo comienza a decaer. Una temporada sobresaliente de los de Eusebio que están superando sus expectativas. La EL es factible, pero si sueñan con más, la Champions está a un solo punto. El submarino está algo más hundido que de costumbre, pero sigue a flote en la pugna europea. Tras la eliminación frente a la Roma, tendrán más tiempo para concentrarse exclusivamente en el campeonato liguero y, como mínimo, repetir EL. Los armeros están armando mucha guerra y se encuentran a un solo punto de Europa. Puede pasar cualquier cosa. Un bache de resultados negativos le ha hecho bajar varias posiciones. Su objetivo debería estar más arriba, pero teniendo en cuenta que solo se encuentra a 1 punto de Europa y que está eliminado de la EL, puede centrarse en Liga, al igual que el submarino. Los buenos resultados de los pericos le permiten ver de reojo la competición europea. Se puede. Su objetivo era revalidar plaza, pero las rotaciones de Copa y de EL han propiciado dejar de lado la Liga cuando mejor iban en la clasificación. Aún tiene un partido aplazado, frente al Madrid, que podría catapultarle. Está más lejos, pero si gana al Granada podrá palparlo. En cualquier caso, salvo debacle monumental culé en Liga, el Alavés ya tiene una plaza para la próxima Europa League. Esto es gracias a haber llegado a la final de la Copa del Rey; el ganador accede directamente o cede su puesto si ya tuviera uno europeo. Por tanto, al enfrentarse al Barcelona, aunque pierda la final jugará la competición continental. Of course Jose Mourinho’s first trophy with Manchester United was won last August when the team triumphed over Leicester City in the English curtain raiser the Community Shield. But for football fans and pundits alike his first trophy as United’s manager started on Sunday with victory in the EFL Cup over Southampton. Mourinho has become the first United manager in history to win a trophy in his debut season, and it’s something that will be welcomed at a club who have won just one trophy- the FA Cup since Sir Alex Ferguson retired in 2013. It was a piece of silverware that was very much needed at the club, who in the first three months of Mourinho’s appointment were hardly living up to expectations. Even though the Red Devils still lie outside of the top four positions the points difference is just two for a Champions League finish and five to 2nd place. As for the cup final, we left with Southampton in our hearts, the better side on the day did lose and they will rue the goal that was disallowed. However United had Zlatan Ibrahimovic and the 35 year old proved once again what a great striker he is. The Swede who should, by all rights, be slowing down is like a vintage red Bordeaux and has excelled again in another league, with a new team. His brace was the difference in the game and his goals undeniably brought the cup back to Manchester. Had United lost this match we may have had a ripple effect where their league form could have suffered. But with this win, and with United’s talisman Juan Mata easily being one of the best mid fielders in the Premier league this season, there really is an installed belief that United can go far. Hope is back at Old Trafford that there is no doubt. Whilst winning the league in his debut season looks highly unlikely for Mourinho, there are still plenty of positives to take note of. A cup victory is already under their belts and they are in the quarter finals of both the FA Cup and the Europa League- another trophy this season coupled with a top four finish will be rightly deemed as a successful season that will certainly put paid to Mourinho’s nightmare second season at Chelsea and frighteningly for United’s opponents there is a chance and a very realistic one at that, that the Devils are back once more. Who will win the race to a top four finish? With the title looking done and dusted, just 4 points separate second place and sixth place in the Premier League and with some tasty fixtures coming up, we take a look at who is most likely to miss out on the top four. Tottenham took full advantage of Manchester City, Arsenal and Manchester United’s matches were all postponed due to the League Cup final. They romped to a 4-o first half lead in their match against Stoke City this weekend. Any thoughts of a Europa League hangover were quickly dispelled as a 24 minute hat trick from Harry Kane and a goal from Dele Alli on the 45th minute wrapped up the three points for Tottenham Hotspur. Although there wer no more goals to come in this match, Tottenham had done all the hard work and took their foot off the gas in the second half. With Liverpool facing a trip to managerless Leicester City tonight, the Reds will fully expect to take 3 points from Leicester who are without a win in their last six and have lost their last five on the bounce. It’s a far cry from last season for Leicester who dropped into the relegation zone at the weekend thanks to a Crystal Palace win. A win for Liverpool in this match could see them climb to third place, and as they gear up to face Arsenal this weekend, two wins in a row could see them open up a four point gap on the Gunners. Manchester City were scheduled to take on Manchester United but this was postponed due to the League Cup final. City has a relatively easy run of fixtures coming up with Sunderland and Stoke City in the coming weeks. However, after those matches they face Liverpool, Arsenal and Chelsea in quick succession and that run, along with the return leg of their Champions League tie with Monaco, where they lead 5-3 will surely define their season. Jose Mourinho has Manchester United firing now and they have won their first silverware under him as well as winning their last seven matches in all competitions on the bounce. Zlatan Ibrahimovic has been hugely influential this season and with 15 league goals and a double in the cup final, looks to have played his way to a new contract offer. Defeats in the league to Chelsea and Watford look to have ended Arsenal’s title ambitions and a 5-1 thrashing at the hands of Bayern Munich mean any chance of progression in the Champions League is now over. They must concentrate on the league and have some tough games coming up against Liverpool and Manchester City. As the season comes to a climax, it’s all to play for and almost impossible to predict who will finish in the top 4 this season. Tras haber disputado 2 tercios del campeonato, el Sevilla es el único que aguanta el ritmo del Madrid y del Barça. Aún queda mucho por disputar, pero es inevitable meter a los hispalenses en la pugna de la Liga. ¿Podrá dar el campanazo? He aquí varios argumentos a favor y en contra para una posible conquista del título nacional. Da la cara en partidos importantes. El Madrid perdió su racha histórica de imbatibilidad en el Pizjuán, donde también cayó el Atlético. Además, en los derbis sigue demostrando ser el rey de la capital hispalense. Nuevos fichajes. Monchi es Midas, todo lo que toca lo convierte en oro. El equipo tenía todo cubierto en Navidades, pero lo ha mejorado, más si cabe, con la incorporación de Jovetic. Centro del campo goleador. Iborra, Nasri, Sarabia son centrocampistas con mucho potencial ofensivo, eso se traduce en resultados. Mejora fuera del Pizjuán. El año pasado las victorias fuera de casa fueron su asignatura pendiente. Este año, con los mismos resultados en su estadio y una mejora a domicilio, han logrado auparse en la clasificación. Motivación. El efecto Sampaoli funciona, el equipo se lo cree y transmite esa confianza clave. El calendario es, a priori, el más complicado de los 3 de arriba. En las últimas jornadas visita el Calderón, Mestalla, el Camp Nou y el Bernabéu. El precio de la Champions. Seguir en Europa puede salir caro, sobre todo si algún rival (como a priori puede pasarle al Barça) se quedara fuera y se centrara exclusivamente en la Liga. Victorias por la mínima. El Sevilla ha ganado 16 partidos en Liga, pero 11 han sido por un solo tanto de diferencia. Si la suerte le da la espalda, puede dejarse muchos puntos por el camino. Biris. Los problemas con los Biris y su huelga de animación, pueden mermar el rendimiento del equipo. La plantilla los necesita. Presión. El equipo ha conquistado las últimas 3 Europa Leagues, pero en la península no es el amo. Subirse a lo alto de la clasificación al final del campeonato, podría darle vértigo. Opciones tiene, y muchas. No sabremos si el Sevilla ganará la Liga, pero si de algo estamos seguros es de que llegará al final peleando por el título. It has been by far a routine season for Barcelona, a team that are suffering an identity crisis, a team who seem to dazzle one moment and look lacklustre the next and a team who aren’t sure where the next 3 points are coming from. All is not well in the Camp Nou. Lionel Messi has had to save them recently when displays by Luis Suarez and especially Neymar have come up short. Coach Luis Enrique has been under intense pressure. There is a feeling from the fans that he is not wanted any more. His tactics have been questioned- Why does he repeatedly leave out Ivan Rakitic? Gerard Pique didn’t start the last game and their latest purchase Andre Gomes has had some horrific moments in the famous colours. There are of course in the final of the Copa del Rey and will be expected to win against Alaves. If they do, it would be their 29th domestic cup victory- and their third in a row. All of this is very well but the supporters demand the league title and the Champions League. In La Liga Real Madrid have been so dominant that Barca’s season try as hard as they might feels like nothing more than a footnote. And yet with football being football the tables were turned on its head slightly when Madrid capitulated at Valencia in mid-week and all of a sudden Barcelona are just a point behind but having still played a game more. At worst and in theory there is a four point gap. But do Barcelona believe it? That is the real question. There has been an air of wanting change this season, which has affected the club’s performances on the pitch. Is it true that Messi is seeking a transfer away from the club, something unthinkable a few seasons ago. It is highly possible that Enrique will be playing out his final season- because even if you are a success here, you usually know when it’s time to leave. And then there is the Champions League, a competition they have won 4 times in the past decade, but they look to be heading out of that this year. PSG a team that Barca used to play as the great pretenders destroyed them 4-0 and the second leg even if Barca will now be at home looks a formality. So the league may well be back on, but who is believing it? We may get some kind of closure this weekend when the Catalan giants travel to Atletico Madrid- Diego Simeone’s Atletico Madrid. The match is being touted as the biggest test of Barcelona’s season so far- and it is. A loss here and a Real Madrid win at Villarreal would cancel out the Madrid’s Valencia loss and the league would be again a distant dream for Barca. It is a game that Atletico must win too, with the league looking increasingly difficult for them their priority will be qualifying for the Champions League next season. Real Sociedad are breathing down their necks and the re-emergence of Sevilla who entered this weekend in 2nd place has made every team take notice. Even the very best Barcelona sides have struggled at Vicente Caldron, which will in fact be the last time that these two great teams play each other here. Atletico are due to switch to their brand new stadium next week. On Sunday Barcelona will be asked, no demanded to put in a performance that sends a message to Real Madrid that they will not give their title up this easy. Because despite how solid Barca has been, and despite Messi being a saving grace in moments one gets the feeling that the team are forcibly pulling themselves over the winning line without wanting to pass it in first place. Who Will Take the First Silverware of the Season Home? The first silverware in England is up for grabs this weekend as Manchester United meet Southampton in the League Cup final at Wembley. Although Manchester United will go into the match as favourites, Southampton are never an easy team to break down and could well cause an upset. After a sticky start to his Manchester United career, Jose Mourinho has watched his side get better as the season progresses. They are now into the last 32 of the Europa League and face a relatively easy tie against Rostov. However their focus this weekend will be on their trip to Wembley and lifting the League Cup for the 5th time. Manchester United are in great form coming into this match and have lost just once since November, and even then, that was a 2-1 defeat at the hands of Hull City in the semi-final of the league cup where they held a 2-0 lead from the first leg. they have won their last 5 matches on the bounce and have scored 11 goals with just one conceded. With a top 4 finish in their sights, they will be looking to enter the business end of the season on a high and by winning the League Cup, it will give them a timely boost. Zlatan Ibrahimovic has been inspirational this season and the Swedish striker, who has scored 15 this season has quickly dispelled any thoughts that he is at Old Trafford to wind down his career. Along with Henrikh Mkhitaryan and Juan Mata in midfield and Chris Smalling and Marcos Rojo in defence, Mourinho is moulding a team that look to be going places. Southampton, who have only won one trophy in their entire history (The FA Cup), wont be going to Wembley just to make up the numbers. There is a belief among them that they can compete with the best the Premier League has to offer. Fraser Forster has been as reliable as ever in goals and with Charlie Austin and Jay Rodriguez providing a threat up front, they may cause Manchester United problems. Southampton aren’t in the greatest form though with 2 wins and 3 losses in their last 5. Although he will miss out on this one, they will be hoping classy defender Virgil Van Dyke will be back sooner, rather than later. Southampton and Manchester United have both won two of the last 4 matches between them and this one is shaping up to be a real thriller. If Manchester United score an early goal, it will force Southampton to come at them and we could be in for a great afternoon. With Real Madrid losing during the week to Valencia, La Liga is turning into one of the tightest leagues in Europe. They hold a 1 point lead at the top with Barcelona in 2nd and Sevilla just 3 points behind in 3rd. As they take to the field this weekend we will take a look at the midfielders most likely to earn points for your fantasy football side. Sarabia of Seviila, Jose Antonio Reyes and David Lopez of Espanyol. Pedro Leon of Eibar and Raul Garcia of Athletic Club all come under the spotlight. Sevilla could join Real Madrid on points this weekend for 24 hours at least. They face an out of form Real Betis side who are without a win in their last 5. Sarabia has been in top form this season and the midfielder with 44 points is one player who should walk into your team. He is valued at just 2.5M and the midfielder who has scored 6, assisted 5 and 7 clean sheets in just 11 surely wont be valued at that next season. Jose Antonio Reyes has made just 10 starts but he has contributed with 2 goals, 4 assists and 7 clean. sheets. His points total of 29 may well rise this weekend as Espanyol line up against Osasuna, who are becoming adrift at the foot of the table. He is valued at 5M and his Price/Perfromance ratio is 5.6, but with 15 points gained in his last 5 matches, he should certainly come under consideration this weekend. The fact that Espanyol are playing Osasuna, means that 2 players from their side come under closer inspection this weekend. David Lopez has 26 points in 21 starts and valued at 5M. He should start this match and his price/performance ratio of 5.1 has every chance of rising after this match. Pedro Leon has been consistent this season and the midfielder who is valued at just 3M, should be a player that may well pick up some points this weekend. Eibar, who are 7th in the League, face Malaga and the home side, who have had some great results on their own patch this season, will be looking for the win that keeps them in touch with the top 6. Athletic Club have a home match against Granada this weekend and 3 points look likely to be staying there. Raul Garcia has scored 5, assisted 2 and kept 5 clean sheets and is one player who may well earn more points this weekend. He is valued at 8M and his price/performance ratio is 2.9. Compete against the best fantasy football managers at www.eurofantasyleague.com. The Premier League makes a welcome return after a week of drama which saw Claudio Ranieri sacked from Champions Leicester City. We take a look at the five midfielders in action and most liekly to earn your fantasy football team some points. Eden Hazard of Chelsea, Deli Alli and Christian Eriksen of Tottenham, Ross Barkley of Everton and Sadio Mane of Liverpool all come under scrutiny. The top performing player in the fantasy league, Eden Hazard has a great chance of some points this weekend. He has accumulated a total of 68 ponts, which, even with his price tag of 12M, makes him great value. Chelsea face Swansea City this weekend at home and a comfortable win should be on the cards as Chelsea bid to protect their 8 point lead at the summit of the Premier League. Spurs face Stoke City this weekend and, given their great record at home, should win this match with relative ease. Dele Alli has been performing brilliantly (apart from his red card in the Europa League) and with 66 points gained from 22 starts, he is one midfielder who can earn points for your team. His Price/Performance ratio of 8.0 is one of the highest returns throughout the Premier League. Sticking with Tottenham, another midfielder who serious thought should be give to is Christian Eriksen. He is valued at 9M and has returned a total of 56 points. He has scored 5 goals and assisted 8. This along with 10 clean sheets, most of which have been at home, suggests he is likely to add to the total. Everton are having a great season, but they really need a win against bottom club Sunderland to keep their hopes of reaching the top six alive. Ross Barkley has been an influential figure from midfield with 4 goals, 5 assists and 8 clean sheets. He has a total of 39 points, 8 of which have been gained in his last 2 matches and Everton look like one team who look likely to take all 3 points this weekend. Leicester City are in turmoil at the moment and Liverpool will look to capitalize on that on Monday. Sadio Mane has scored 11 goals and along with 4 assists and 7 clean sheets, his points total of 63 is a terrific return. Valued at 9M, his price/performance ratio is 7.2 and that looks sure to rise by the end of play this weekend. Claudio Ranieri has been sacked as Leicester City manager less than a year after guiding the team to the Premier league title. The decision to axe the Italian has stunned the football world given the teams heroics last season. Ranieri found out he was losing his job on the flight back from their Champions League match against Sevilla. There the club were outplayed but actually came away with a decent 2-1 defeat and the match was nicely poised for the 2nd leg at King Power Stadium. But Leicester’s Thai owners who gave Ranieri their backing just two weeks ago have shown how brutal the game can be by sacking a manager that they admitted was Leicester’s greatest manager of all time. So why did they feel the need to sack him? The most obvious point is that the team are currently in 17th place and if they lose to Liverpool in their next league game it’s possible that they will be in the relegation zone. It’s true that the club have been poor this season and they haven’t scored a Premier league goal in 2017. But the fight they showed against Sevilla could well have been a turning point for the Foxes ambitions of staying in the top flight. No team since Manchester City’s 1938 league winning side has been relegated as champions. Fear and panic seems to have brought this on, but the decision remains bizarre given how just 9 months ago the club swept to the title. One is reminded of the case of Blackburn Rovers who in 2010 were taken over by the Indian company VH Group. Within two years and after some controversial choices of management they were relegated and the club have yet to regain Premier league status. Again choices that were made in haste. Leicester City despite making waves in the league and having a fairly positive debut Champions League campaign are not Real Madrid. They can’t sack a manager of quality and experience and hope to bring on in of equal value, especially so far into the season, and that is what they will need if they hope to stay up. Keeping Ranieri for this season did have a risk factor and the current situation did have to be reviewed, but removing the man from his position so late in the season is an odd decision. Roberto Mancini the former Manchester City manager has been tipped to replace Ranieri, how soon he or someone else can come in is anybody’s guess at this point.
0.956537	First aid and self-care information for a snakebite. There are 2 kinds of snakebites: poisonous (venomous) and nonpoisonous (nonvenomous). Most snakes are nonpoisonous, and bites from such snakes can be treated as puncture wounds. First aid for puncture wounds can be found in the Wound text. Poisonous snakebites are much less common but much more dangerous, and they can even be deadly.
0.950446	To park one's car in front of someone or someone's vehicle, thus preventing them from leaving their own parking space. If you hadn't parked me in, I wouldn't have had to push your car out of the way with mine, so really the damage is your own fault! Some idiot parked in a massive delivery truck on the small side street, so now no one can pass through. To prevent some parked vehicle from being able to leave by blocking it with another vehicle: The van stopped in the right lane of traffic and parked a small car in. I honked my horn until the people who parked me in moved their car. My car was parked in, so I took a cab to my appointment.
0.943188	Although usually English, it has two possible origins. This first is as a derivative of the famous personal name "David", a popular given name throughout the British Isles during the Middle Ages. Derived from the Hebrew word meaning "beloved", it was one of a large group of similar biblical names introduced into Europe from the Holy Land by the famous crusaders of the 12th century. Its popularity was due in part to the fame of the king of Israel, and much later to its being the name of the patron saint of Wales. It was also the name of two kings of Scotland: These were David 1st, who reigned from 1124 - 1153, and David 11nd, 1329 - 1371. In England the personal name is recorded in 1150 in Lincolnshire as "Dauid clericus", and as "Davit" in 1278, in Cambridgeshire. The second possible origin for the modern surname spellings of Day, Daye, Dey, Deye, or the unusual D'Eye, is the Olde English pre 7th century personal name "Daei". This is from the word 'daeg', meaning 'day', and it may also be a short form of the compound personal names such as Daegberht and Daegmund, translating as "day-bright" and "day-protection". The early surname development includes: Aluric Dai of Berkshire in 1196, and Ralph Deie of Leicestershire in 1211. Other recordings include Arthur de Yes, recorded at the church of St Gregory's by St Pauls, London, on December 16th 1619, whilst Richard Day was an early emigrant to America, leaving London on the ship "Plaine Joan" in May 1635, bound for Virginia. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Godina Daia, which was dated 1095, in "Feudal Documents from the Abbey of Bury St. Edmunds", Suffolk. This unusual and long-established surname is of English origin, and is habitational from a place called Dymock in Gloucestershire. The place has an uncertain etymology, but it may be derived from the British word which is akin to the Welsh "tymoch", pigsty (a compound of "ty", house, and "moch", pigs), but more probably from "din", fort, and "moch", as before. It is sometimes difficult to be precise about whether a surname is derived from an identifying topographic phrase or from a habitational name from some minor, unidentified or "lost" place; this is especially so in the case of multiple element names. The placename was first recorded as "Dimoch" in the Domesday Book of 1086; as "Dimmok" in the 1156 Red Book of the Exchequer; and as "Dimmoch" in the Pipe Rolls of 1156 and 1190. The modern surname can also be found recorded as Dymock, Dymoke, Dimmack and Dimmick, and the Dymoke family have held the hereditary position of King's Champion for thirty-four generations. Recordings from Gloucestershire Church Registers include: the marriage of John Dimmock and Elizabeth Sly on December 26th 1644, at Shipton Moyne, and the marriage of Giles Dimmock and Rebecca Jenner on April 11th 1696, at Storehouse. It has two possible origins. The first and most likely being a locational surname from either of the places called "Dent" in West Yorkshire and Cumberland. The places are recorded in circa 1200 as "Denet" and "Dinet" respectively and are named from a British (pre Roman) hill name corresponding to the Old Irish word "dinn, dind", a hill and the Olde Norse "tindr", meaning "point, crag". The Yorkshire place is near Dent Crag, a hill of 2250ft., and the place in Cumberland is the name of a hill near Cleator. The second possible origin is from a medieval nickname for someone with prominent or otherwise noticeable teeth, derived from the Olde French "dent", tooth. One John Dent was an early settler in the New World, leaving London on the "Peter Bonaventure" in 1635, bound for the Barbadoes. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Waltheef de Dent, which was dated 1131, Records of Durham Priory, during the reign of King Henry I.
0.999945	According to the 2000 Census, Calhoun County, Florida has a population of 13,017 people. Of those, 10,397 (77%) are White, 2,056 (15%) are Black, and 492 (3%) are Latino. However, 1,458 (or 11% of the 13,017 people) are not residents by choice but are people in prison. A more accurate description would not include the prisoners. This would give Calhoun County a population of 11,559 with a demographic that is 85% White, 11% Black, and 3% Latino.
0.995261	I stumbled across this interesting article yesterday and it raises some really great ideas about what parents can do to help steer their kids away from alcohol: family rules. The rules included in the article were: 1) Make Family Dinner Non-Negotiable. // 2) Educate them and yourself about “scaring the crap out of you”. // 3) Do not condone alcohol or drug abuse directly or indirectly. 4) Know your kid’s friends. // While this may seem self-explanatory to most of you, many parents do not know who their teens are hanging out with on a daily, weekly basis. It is absolutely imperative that you get to know your child’s friend group and if you do not approve of certain individuals for legitimate reasons, take a stand and talk with your child about your reasons for wanting them to disassociate with them. 5) Know your kid’s friends’ parents. // This is another big one that may seem “duh” to some parents and “whuh?” to others. Though your child may have a really classy friend, that friend’s parents might condone alcohol abuse when in their home. You need to know and be comfortable with a child’s parents before allowing your teen to spend time in the home of those parents. Know where your teen is hanging out! 6) Require your child to call/text you periodically throughout an evening away from home. // Depending on how much you feel you can trust your teen, this may be relaxed to a degree, but it is a good idea for you to establish an expectation that teens will communicate with you about their whereabouts and what they are doing when they are spending huge chunks of time away from home. 7) Require your child to participate in at least 1 extracurricular activity. // You don’t want to overload your child with too many extracurricular activities or they might become too stressed, but having 1 or 2 outside-of-school past times can be very healthy, social, and fun for your child. Consider sports, dance, martial arts, music lessons, or another activity that interests them. I encourage you to read the original article. They make some very good points about the three rules they chose. What sorts of family rules does your household live by in an effort to keep your teens healthy and drug-free? Share with us! Feel free to share our graphics with your friends and family! You’re probably back to your daily school grind by now. If you’re wandering the halls feeling a bit overwhelmed, take heart! You can do it! You’re going to have an awesome school year! Just believe in yourself and be your own biggest fan! Have a Terrific 2015/2016 School Year! For many of you, it’s back-to-school time and you’re either excited, dreading it, or somewhere in between. Whatever your feelings are, we sincerely wish you a very happy new school year and hope that you’ll commit to making wise choices throughout your new semester. It takes courage to stand out from the crowd and be different. We know you can do it! Rethink the drink in ’15/’16! Set a trend for healthy, wise living! Our Top 3 Tips for a Safe 4th of July! The 4th of July is tomorrow and we at Rethink the Drink know how much fun it is to cook out with friends and family and enjoy the holiday. However, you can have just as much fun, if not more, without alcohol! Here are our top three tips for celebrating Independence Day safely and alcohol-free! >> 1) Eliminate alcohol from your 4th of July party! — Alcohol and fireworks, physical activity, and driving DO. NOT. MIX. Considering most 4th of July parties involve all of those things, keep your friends and family safe by eliminating the alcohol. Not only is it extremely dangerous to mix alcohol and fireworks, but it is potentially fatal to mix alcohol with intense physical activity (in summer heat) and driving. Just don’t do it. Rethink the drink. >> 2) Designate sober drivers for those who do drink! — Even if you choose not to serve alcohol at your own get-together, some of your guests may bring their own or may have been drinking already by the time they arrive. Make sure that EVERYONE who has consumed alcohol has a safe, sober driver to take them home. Confiscate keys if you have to. Do you part to keep intoxicated drivers off the road! >> 3) Stay hydrated! — If your party is outdoors, it can get extremely toasty. Make sure you have plenty of alcohol-free beverages to keep yourself and your guests hydrated for a full day of fun! We truly hope you have a fun, safe holiday tomorrow! Happy 4th of July from Rethink the Drink! If you are a teen who’s chosen to remain sober, it might be a great idea to find a friend who has also chosen the path of sobriety. Having social support for your choices is a great way to ensure that you’ll be able to maintain your commitments. If you are having trouble finding a friend in your school or sports team, try an online support group or forum. You’re never alone on your journey! Stay strong and rethink the drink!
0.935962	Dextroamphetamine is a psychostimulant which produces increased wakefulness, energy and self-confidence in association with decreased fatigue and appetite. It is perhaps the archetypal psycho-stimulant, and drugs with similar psychoactive properties are often referred to as "amphetamine analogues", or described as having "amphetamine-like", or even "amphetaminergic" effects. Its stimulant properties are similar to those of methylphenidate and methamphetamine, though with a slower onset of action and a duration that lies somewhere between the two. Dextroamphetamine is the dextrorotary stereoisomer of the amphetamine molecule, which can take two different forms. Other common names for dextroamphetamine include d-amphetamine, dexamphetamine, (S)-(+)-amphetamine, and brand names such as Dexedrine and Dextrostat. It is combined with racemic-amphetamine in the ADHD drug Adderall. It is the active metabolite of the recently introduced prodrug lisdexamfetamine, known by its brand name Vyvanse. In addition, it is an active metabolite of several older N-substituted amphetamine prodrugs used as anorectics, such as clobenzorex (Asenlix) and amphetaminil (Aponeuron). Amphetamine was first synthesized under the chemical name "phenylisopropylamine" in Berlin, 1887 by the Romanian chemist Lazar Edeleanu. It was not widely marketed until 1932, when the pharmaceutical company Smith, Kline, and French (currently known as GlaxoSmithKline) introduced it in the form of the Benzedrine Inhaler, for combating cold symptoms. Notably, the chemical form of Benzedrine in the inhaler was the liquid-free base, not a chloride or sulfate salt. In free-base form, amphetamine is a volatile oil, hence the efficacy of the inhalers. Three years later, in 1935, the medical community became aware of the stimulant properties of amphetamine, specifically dextroamphetamine, and in 1937 Smith, Kline, and French introduced Dexedrine tablets, under the tradename Dexedrine. In the United States, Dexedrine tablets were approved to treat narcolepsy, attention disorders, depression, and obesity. Dextroamphetamine was marketed in various other forms in the following decades, primarily by Smith, Kline, and French, such as several combination medications including a mixture of dextroamphetamine and amobarbital (a barbiturate) sold under the tradename Dexamyl and, in the 1950s, an extended release capsule (the "Spansule"). It quickly became apparent that Dexedrine and other amphetamines had a high potential for abuse, although they were not heavily controlled until 1970, when the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act was passed by the United States Congress. Dexedrine, along with other sympathomimetics, was eventually classified as schedule II, the most restrictive category possible for a drug with recognized medical uses. Dextroamphetamine is useful for those with ADHD and Narcolepsy. It improves self-control for people who have a hard time naturally controlling themselves. Dextroamphetamine aids a person learning and memory of words, and perhaps makes the brain stronger. When a person given dextroamphetamine is tested, their brain is extremely active in the brain parts required for the test and radically less active in other parts. Short practice sessions with dextroamphetamine have a greater effect on learning than sessions without dextroamphetamine. Dextroamphetamine raises decision-making scores, improves choices, and changes beliefs about rewards; at the same time, dextroamphetamine barely—if at all—affects guesses of time. Those who feel lower amounts of joy from dextroamphetamine have greater impulsivity improvements compared to those who feel extreme happiness. The drug should be avoided for those who have: hypersensitivity to amphetamines, a history of drug abuse, cardiovascular diseases, hypertensive disease, hyperthyroidism, or in those with glaucoma. Also, if you are on any MAOI medications or medications like Buspar it can have adverse reactions. Don't mix medications unless you know there are no contraindications. Cardiovascular: Palpitations, tachycardia, elevation of blood pressure, arythmia. Central Nervous System: Psychotic episodes at recommended doses (rare), overstimulation, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, euphoria, dyskinesia, dysphoria, tremor, headache, exacerbation of motor and phonic tics and Tourette's syndrome. Gastrointestinal: Dryness of the mouth, unpleasant taste, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain or discomfort. other gastrointestinal disturbances. Anorexia or weight loss may occur as undesirable effects when amphetamines are used for other than the anorectic effect. Endocrine: Impotence, changes in libido. The Physician's 1991 Drug Handbook reports: "Symptoms of overdose include restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, tachypnea, confusion, aggressiveness, hallucinations, and panic." Dilated pupils are common with high doses. The fatal dose in humans is not precisely known, but in various species of rat generally ranges between 50 and 100 mg/kg, or a factor of 100 over what is required to produce noticeable psychological effects. This suggests a wide therapeutic range, in contrast to such drugs as morphine and heroin, where effective doses may be as much as 50% of a fatal dose. Although the symptoms seen in a fatal overdose are similar to those of methamphetamine, their mechanisms are not identical, as some substances which inhibit d-amphetamine toxicity do not do so for methamphetamine. An extreme symptom of overdose is amphetamine psychosis, characterized by peripheral, auditory, and commonly formication or tactile hallucinations. Many of its symptoms are identical to the psychosis-like state which follows long-term sleep deprivation, So it remains unclear how much CNS stimulants are causing pychosis or if there just allowing you to be sleep deprived long enough. "In extraordinarily sensitive individuals, psychosis may be produced by 55 to 75 mg of dextroamphetamine. With high enough doses, psychosis can probably be induced in anyone." Amphetamine psychosis, however, is extremely rare in individuals taking oral amphetamines at therapeutic doses; it is usually seen in cases of prolonged or high-dose intravenous (IV) abuse. Dextroamphetamine is a slightly polar, weak base and is lipophilic. Dextroamphetamine is also the active metabolite of the prodrug lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (pharmaceutical name: Vyvanse). Vyvanse is meant to provide once-a-day dosing because it regulates a slow release of dextroamphetamine into the brain. Vyvanse is available as capsules, in three strengths: 30 mg, 50 mg, and 70 mg. A 30 mg-strength Vyvanse capsule is molecularly equivalent to 8.88 mg dextroamphetamine. However, this molecular equivalence would only hold true as a bioequivalence ratio if: the dimesylate salt instantly dissolved resulting in the complete dissociation of lisdexamfetamine ions, and then the covalent amide bond of every lisdexamfetamine molecule immediately underwent hydrolysis. In fact, being a prodrug, lisdexamfetamine has different properties than dextroamphetamine; for instance, lisdexamfetamine is metabolised in the gastrointestinal tract, while dextroamphetamine's metabolism is hepatic. Vyvanse is also being marketed for its lower abuse and misuse potential than when compared to similar drugs such as Adderall, Dexedrine, and the methylphenidate preparations, though it is still rated as a Schedule II drug by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. Vyvanse significantly slower onset and its route of administration is limited to being taken orally, unlike many similar drugs which are commonly nasally insufflated to achieve a much faster onset and higher bioavailability. Since Vyvanse is a prodrug and thus not psychoactive it must be metabolized into dextroamphetamine first before having psychoactive effects. Insufflation of Vyvanse is expected to produce no stimulant property, though this is disputed by the DEA. Aspartate, saccharate, and sulfate salts differ pharmacokinetically in the rate at which they are metabolized by the body. For this and other reasons, Adderall's effects are different from pharmaceuticals with dextroamphetamine as an exclusive active ingredient. Contrary to the beliefs that Adderall is three-quarters dextroamphetamine, dextroamphetamine accounts for 72.7% of the amphetamine base in Adderall (the remaining percentage is levoamphetamine). Adderall’s inclusion of levoamphetamine provides the pharmaceutical with a quicker onset and longer clinical effect compared to pharmaceuticals exclusively formulated of dextroamphetamine. Although it seems that where the human brain has a preference for dextroamphetamine over levoamphetamine, it has been reported that certain children have a better clinical response to levoamphetamine. Primarily used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In some localities it has replaced methylphenidate as the first-choice medication for ADHD, a role in which it is considered highly effective. Treatment of Narcolepsy, generally where non-pharmacological measures have proved insufficient. Occasionally prescribed for weight-loss in cases of extreme treatment-resistant obesity. Though such use remains out of the mainstream, dextroamphetamine has been successfully applied in the treatment of certain categories of depression as well as other psychiatric syndromes. Such alternate uses include reduction of fatigue in cancer patients, antidepressant treatment for HIV patients with depression and debilitating fatigue, early stage physiotherapy for severe stroke victims, If physical therapy patients take dextroamphetamine while they practice their movements for rehabilitation, they learn to move much faster than without dextroamphetamine, and in practice sessions with shorter lengths. The U.S. Air Force uses dextroamphetamine as its "go-pill," given to pilots on long missions to help them remain focused and alert. (Friendly fire incidents have been linked to the use of this drug and its effects on long term fatigued pilots; e.g. Tarnak Farm incident) newer stimulant medications with fewer side effects, like modafinil are being investigated for this reason. Along with Ritalin and Adderall, illicit use of dextroamphetamine has been reported among students, both as a study aid, social aid, and for purely recreational purposes. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 4% of American college students reported non-prescription stimulant use in 2004. Dextroamphetamine affects the dynamics neurotransmitter systems, and its mechanisms of action are continuously being investigated and discovered. Dextroamphetamine affects dopamine and serotonin levels in the caudate, and norepinephrine in the hippocampus. Because dextroamphetamine is a substrate analog at monoamine transports, at all doses, dextroamphetamine prevents the reuptake of these neurotransmitters, causing them to remain in the synaptic cleft for a prolonged period (inhibiting monoamine reuptake in rats with a norepinephrine to dopamine ratio (NE:DA) of about 1:1 and a norepinephrine to 5-hydroxytryptamine ratio (NE:5HT) of about 1:10). At some point, when doses are high, and the concentration of dextroamphetamine is high enough, dextroamphetamine will enter nerve cells and cause release of monoamines from the cytoplasmic dopamine pool (as opposed to 'protected' vesicular stores). In such high concentrations, dextroamphetamine will cause the norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin (5HT) transporters to reverse their direction of flow. This inversion leads to a release of these transmitters from the vesicles to the cytoplasm and from the cytoplasm to the synapse (releasing monoamines in rats with ratios of about NE:DA = 1:3.5 and NE:5HT = 1:250), causing increased stimulation of post-synaptic receptors. Dextroamphetamine does not alter glutamate levels in the prefrontal cortex. This may be because dextroamphetamine increases dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex; activation of the dopamine-2 receptors inhibits glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex. However, activation of the dopamine-1 receptors in the prefrontal cortex, increases glutamate leves in the nucleus accumbens. An increase of the glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens may be part of the reason that dextroamphetamine has an ability to increase locomotor activity in rats. Serotonin may also play a role in dextroamphetamines affect on glutamate levels. On average, about one half of a given dose is eliminated unchanged in the urine, while the other half is broken down into various metabolites (mostly benzoic acid). However, the drug's half-life is highly variable because the rate of excretion is very sensitive to urinary pH. Under alkaline conditions, direct excretion is negligible and 95%+ of the dose is metabolized. The main metabolic pathway is d-amphetamine phenylacetone benzoic acid hippuric acid. Another pathway, mediated by enzyme CYP2D6, is d-amphetamine p-hydroxyamphetamine p-hydroxynorephedrine. Although p-hydroxyamphetamine is a minor metabolite (~5% of the dose), it may have significant physiological effects as a norepinephrine analogue. Subjective effects are increased by larger doses, however, over the course of a given dose there is a noticeable divergence between such effects and drug concentration in the blood. In particular, mental effects peak before maximal blood levels are reached, and decline as blood levels remain stable or even continue to increase. This indicates a mechanism for development of acute tolerance, perhaps distinct from that seen in chronic use. Its slower onset of action as compared to methamphetamine and methylphenidate is presumably due to a somewhat lower effectiveness in crossing the blood-brain barrier. The English pop group Dexys Midnight Runners were named after Dexedrine, a brand of dextroamphetamine popularly used as a recreational drug among Northern Soul fans at the time. Package inserts: New Zealand. Canada. Yamada H, Baba T, Hirata Y, Oguri K, Yoshimura H (1984). "Studies on N-demethylation of methamphetamine by liver microsomes of guinea-pigs and rats: the role of flavin-containing mono-oxygenase and cytochrome P-450 systems.". Xenobiotica 14 (11): 861-6. PMID 6506758. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Dextroamphetamine". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
0.919019	Lay out a few mineral samples and get the kids to identify them using a mineralogy table from various sources. I find it easier to get the kids to move around the room instead of moving the mineral samples. Have Fun.
0.999244	Golfer’s Elbow (medial elbow pain) is very similar to Tennis Elbow, however the pain is felt on the inside of the elbow rather than the outside. It is often characterised by pain and tenderness on the bony bit on the inside of the elbow, as well as a general weakness in the wrist and hand, and generally develops over time, as opposed to having an acute onset. Golfer’s Elbow is caused by repeated wrist flexion or bending the wrist, particularly against resistance (such as holding a golf club). It can also occur from throwing actions, and can also be an occupational hazard in manual jobs, such as carpentry, or even from working at a computer workstation. It tends to occur after a period of repeated overuse.
0.992922	to the source code when we want to add a label you can make the list now look like this Now again this example is small and that second label doesn't make sense where it is (just wanted to put a 2nd one in there), but when you start getting into bigger and bigger projects it's practically mandatory to add pragma mark labels and spacers to your source code. Do yourself a favor and from the start of working on a cocoa project use pragma marks to help you organize your code. Remember that Xcode reads methods on any given file you are viewing/editing from top to bottom and will put the methods and labels on that popup list as it encounters them. It may not matter where you put your methods in your file for compiling them, but it will matter where your methods are if you intend to use the pragma mark labels. In my first tutorial I realized I made one significant mistake and left something out For the NSTextView in order to bind it to "value" you must uncheck "Multiple Fonts allowed" otherwise it assumes you are working with a NSAttributedString (string with attributes like bold, italic,etc) vs a plain NSString. Sorry for any confusion this may have caused. [Question] Is NSEnumerator really faster than using a for loop? The answer to this question is yes just a little bit though. I've been told by some smart people (though I haven't verified) that the kernel XNU on Mac OS X is optimized for Objective-C messages, even if you don't believe that we all know Apple optimizes so much of their own software to take advantage of Altivec(PPC), hardware accelleration, etc. So naturally you should assume Apple has given you some reason to use this loop. To test what is really faster I went to CocoaDev and grabbed code off a page where a discussion on this very topic took place (take a good look at the source code.) I compiled this code myself and then ran it once, cleared out the test and ran the test 3 times, all tests using 10,000 objects and 10,000 iterations then punched in the results in NeoOffice. Here are the results (all times are in seconds): (pay attention to the NSEnumerator and for loop tests (first 2 on the left in the graph) for now) as you can see yes the NSEmumerator loop is faster than the for loop but only by a few seconds and that was with 10,000 objects and 10,000 iterations. When I did the same test with 1,000 objects and 1,000 iterations the results all land roughly within 1/10th of 1 second +/- a few milesconds. The conclusion Really just to stay in Cocoa standards you should use NSEnumerator, but at the same time it's not the end of the world if you don't. There are some examples where you might really need to know what the index of the object your dealing with is, in which case you should use a for loop. Now as for those last 3 tests on there aren't that important, I included them because they do show you can gain some speed by really optimizing the heck out of your code if you really want to do so. I encourage you to go to the CocoaDev page linked above and look at the code for yourself to see what you really want to use for yourself, but as you'll see the code is vastly more complicated than you'll want unless you really need to squeeze every last ounce of peformance out of your application. Soon I'll open this blog and begin bringing you some great Cocoa/Xcode/Developer Tool tips!
0.96107	Tell me about "The Freshness of the Wounded." This work is by Arthur B. Davies, who was interested in exploring Modernism and perhaps even the effects of WWI on the human psyche. If you look at some other works nearby, you'll notice other American artists exploring the events of WWI and the effects of its violence. A little known fact about Davies -- he helped to organize the 1913 Armory Show in New York. The Armory Show is known to have introduced many Americans to modernist painting and sculpture. It was a real culture shock! The label says something about modern dance as well. Was he trying to depict the modern dancers on stage? I'd say so! You might notice the references to a stage, including a curtain. And the figure in the center resembles the influential avant-garde dancer Isadora Duncan. Davies knew the dancer and choreographer Ruth St. Denis, who interpreted Eastern cultures in her work. Ruth St. Denis is said to have influenced much of contemporary American dance, Are you a fan of modern dance? I love how sculptural modern dance is. . . its truly beautiful. I'm a big fan of modern dance! That's why I got so excited seeing this painting. Was there any inspiration or connection with Puvis de Chavannes? Great question! Arthur B. Davies was certainly well aware of de Chavannes -- despite being an American, Davies was very aware of happenings in Paris and the avant-garde. He took an active role in organizing the 1913 Armory Show, which introduced most Americans to European notions of modernity. I'm sure he'd seen de Chavannes work, but as he hasn't mentioned it in his writing or correspondence I cannot be sure. As you may have read Davies was well acquainted with American Modern dance, and drew much inspiration from it. But what do you think? What connects these two artists visually to you? For me it's the figuration and the arrangement of figures in the shallow compositional space. Thanks! Figuration for sure and color selection. The leading American modernist Arthur B. Davies had been exploring the theme of expressive modern dance in his paintings for about a decade when he completed this work. He addressed the effects of World War I, at least symbolically, with its title, which references the mounting casualties of the war. Inspired in part by the seminal modern dancer Isadora Duncan, Davies had often composed figure compositions suggestive of sequential movement and, therefore, of elapsed time and music. Here, the more rigid dramatic postures of the figures may have been modeled on the theatrical modern choreography of Ruth St. Denis.
0.999941	The Traveling Salesman Problem is a classic in computing. Given a list of cities and distances between each city, what is the shortest path that lets a salesperson visit each city exactly once and return to the starting point? It's a bit of a tough problem at high numbers of cities, due to the exponentially increasing number of paths one can take each time a new city has been added. Because of that, the problem is useful in testing optimization processes that don't rely on simply checking all possible combinations by brute force. What's more fun is to adapt it in such a way as to optimize, say, your drinking habits. For instance, what's the shortest path to visit the 10 best pubs in Edmonton and return to where you started? In order to be somewhat objective, I used the Yelp list of the 10 highest rated pubs. Of course, when you're on a mathematically optimized pubcrawl, it's important to not drink and drive - so distances are converted into dollar figures following the City of Edmonton bylaws for taxis. If we start with the #1 and #2 pubs on the list, it would cost just under $20 to visit them both by taxi. No computer necessary - there's really only one way to get there and back (unless the taxi driver takes you on an expensive sight-seeing tour). There are 6 different ways to do this trip once you'd added #3 on the list, but it's not at all difficult to check out all the combinations for yourself and plan it without using a computer. Normally there wouldn't be any variation in the price (as you'd just be traveling along the same three sides of a triangle), but in the case of downtown Edmonton with all its one-way streets, some ways to drive between places end up being slightly more expensive than others. Things get a wee bit more fun here - 24 combinations to deal with, with 12 different paths between pubs to take into account. 120 combinations, 20 paths between pubs. Still not too much variation between the paths yet. 720 combinations, 30 paths between them. At this point there are relatively significant savings to be had by trying to optimize, but 720 combinations would be an awful lot to check by hand. The major reason why there is suddenly so much variation between different paths is that the 6th pub on the Yelp list is very close to the first. Paths that take advantage of this do well, and paths that ignore it end up costing a lot more than necessary. 5,040 combinations. Things are getting really exciting now. 40,320 combinations formed from 56 different possible paths between the 8 pubs. 362,880 combinations. Let's just say that's an awful lot of things to check by hand (also messes with Excel a wee bit...). 3,628,800 combinations. Again, quite a bit of a burden on poor Excel. But what's cool is that by optimizing your path between 10 of Edmonton's most popular pubs, you can save more than $40 in taxi fees. What became readily obvious was the sheer amount of computing power necessary to check all of these. I have Excel files that are over half a gigabyte large in order to calculate the 4 million different combinations. Solutions to larger sized problems typically require other cool algorithms that I didn't feel like actually studying to learn. Enjoy! Hope to see you out on the nerdiest tour of Edmonton's finest pubs next weekend! Special thanks to Finbarr Timbers and Elizabeth Croteau for the idea, and Daniel Johns for helping me out of a tricky spot with VBA. I thought you were supposed to use your powers for good, Michael.
0.999996	How to sustain in the world of online business? According to me the best way to sustain in the online businesses is get proper knowledge about that particular business and promote your product online very smartly, and you must be always updated with the new and smart marketing strategies and your presentation must be very attractive in front of the people. I think the best to sustain in the online business is to find somthing that you are familiar with or write down your goals about what it is you want to do for the best and what you would like the business to do for you. Surviving in online business, like surviving in any business, takes planning. A big part of planning is managing your finances. Depending on the size of your business, spreadsheets might not be enough to manage the data that is used to make important business decisions. That's really a very important point that you have to make a good plan before starting any business. Without proper planning and and proper management no one can survive for long time in that particular business. Make a business website and make it popular. also make Blog of for your business and post differ material on that. Except of it make profiles on social networking sites like Facebook, twitter, linked in etc and get famous in the crowd. Online services such as SEO and web content or article writing have become massive money makers due to the steady growth of the online product market. If you decide to become an affiliate marketer, find a company or a product that has instructions and tips you can follow to become more successful. Research your market, and make it your business to constantly try to learn new things that pertain to your market. Remember we are living in an evolving world, and the only way for you to stay in the game is by keeping ahead of the game. There are many ways to run and survive in online business. 2.Having effective meetings for short duration. 3.Have a strong communication through email and instant messaging. 4.Survive online to improve your brand. 5.Ask the customers for feedback.
0.999946	If leading zeros is only bitcoin requirement, then what makes altering of data in blocks hard? Like now its easy to modify a block and generate new hash for every subsequent blocks since generating hash is not as costly compared to bitcoin requirement. The leading zeroes is what makes altering block data hard. One of the things that makes a block valid is that it's hash is less than some predetermined value. For simplicity, this can be thought of as the hash has to have some predetermined number of leading zeroes. However making such a block meet that requirements is hard and being able to do so proves that you have done some amount of work, hence Proof of Work. Making a block whose hash has enough leading zeroes is hard because the output of SHA256 Double (the hash function used in Bitcoin) is random. Given some input, you can't predict the output of SHA256d without running the data through it. So the only way to get some block data (the input) to have a hash with some number of leading zeroes is to hash it, see if it meets the criteria, and if it does not, change it and try again. This is what miners do, and the criteria restricts the range of possible valid hashes to such a small percentage of the entire range of possible hashes that it takes the entire network 10 minutes on average to find a hash that meets the criteria. Iif you wanted to alter the data in a block, you would have to recompute the Proof of Work, i.e. you would need to find a block with your altered data that has a hash with the required number of leading zeroes. Keep in mind that it took the entire Bitcoin network 10 minutes on average to find the block you are changing, so it will probably take you longer than 10 minutes to find a replacement. Then if you want to change a block that has blocks on top of it, you would need to re-mine those blocks too. Otherwise your fork of the blockchain won't be considered the best blockchain as it is not the longest. While generating a hash is fast, having to do it 25 sextillion (2.5 * 10^22) times on average to find a block is a lot of hashes and is going to take you quite some time. Altering data in a Bitcoin is hard because it requires a lot of dedicated cost. The confirmation of a transaction or data implies that it is committed to the blockchain with a valid proof-of-work, which is a specific form of a cost-proof. Proof-of-Stake (opportunity cost), Proof-of-SpaceTime (memory) can all be reduced to dedicated cost-proofs. Let's consider a censoring a specific transaction which already has several blocks of confirmation. In order to do so, one would need to invest capital to acquire 51% or more of the global hash-rate and begin mining a branch at a lower height than the confirmed target transaction. At some point, this 51% miner will have created the longest chain and successfully reorged the target transaction out. The barrier to such behaviour is the amount of capital to acquire this hash-power. This capital cost to acquire 51% depends on transaction fees. If fees (confirmation demand) are high, more miners will join the global pool, thereby increasing the cost to acquire 51% mining hash power thereafter. Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged bitcoin-core blockchain block hashpower block-hash or ask your own question. In the case the difficulty increases as much in future, will the possible hashes run out/be insecure?
0.9999	Should I get term or permanent life insurance? Term life insurance gives your beneficiary a death benefit if you die during a certain period of time, such as 10 years. Permanent life insurance offers a death benefit no matter when you die, in addition to a savings portion that can build cash value, but is more expensive. The policy that’s right for you depends on how long you need coverage and your insurance objectives.
0.935202	Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MSDCs) represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells (IMCs) and comprise myeloid progenitors and precursors of granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), which are a type of immune-suppressive cell that suppresses T cell function [1–3]. In healthy individuals, IMCs quickly differentiate into mature granulocytes, macrophages or DCs after being generated in the bone marrow. However, under pathological conditions, such as cancer, infection, inflammation or autoimmune conditions, IMCs can be blocked from differentiation into mature myeloid cells, resulting in expansion of MDSCs [4–6]. In mice, MDSCs coexpress two myeloid cell lineage differentiation antigens, CD11b and Gr-1. Murine MDSCs can be further divided into two different subsets according to their morphology and phenotype: CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) and CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6Chigh monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) [7, 8]. G-MDSCs, which represent the majority of the MDSC population, comprise nearly 70–80% of all MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients [9–11]. It is widely known that G-MDSCs suppress T-cell-induced antitumor responses primarily through high levels of arginase 1 (Arg1) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, whereas M-MDSCs express inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in addition to a high level of Arg1 [7, 9, 12]. Therefore, compounds that reduce the levels of Arg1, ROS or iNOS in MDSCs, which can restore T-cell-induced antitumor responses, are considered to be potential antitumor immunotherapeutic agents [13–15]. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have more than 200 nucleotides and are defined as a class of transcripts that do not have protein encoding information . In recent years, according to the localization of lncRNAs relative to protein-coding target mRNAs, lncRNAs have been classified as intronic lncRNAs, antisense lncRNAs, long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs), enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), or transcribed pseudogene lncRNAs . It has become increasingly clear that lncRNAs participate in regulation of the function and development of myeloid cells and immune cells [18–22]. However, the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in MDSC differentiation and function has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The mouse plasmacytoma variant translocation (Pvt1) gene has been identified as a candidate oncogene located at chromosome 15 and encodes a lincRNA homologous to that encoded by the human PVT1 gene, which maps to chromosome 8 [23–25]. In humans, increased copy number and overexpression of lncRNA PVT1 are tightly associated with a variety of cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer and acute myeloid leukemia [26–31]. Moreover, lncRNA PVT1 shares a recognized cancer risk locus with the nearby, well-known MYC oncogene . MYC is located on chromosome 8 in humans and has an equivalent in mice (on chromosome 15), and MYC expression is significantly increased in cancer. Coamplification of MYC and lncRNA PVT1 has been found in a variety of human and animal tumors in the past several decades. Moreover, the copy number of lncRNA PVT1 was found to be coincreased in more than 98% of tumors exhibiting increased MYC expression [32–34]. Although the mechanism underlying lncRNA Pvt1 activity in cancer cells has been elaborated in detail, how lncRNA Pvt1 regulates MDSC function and differentiation has not been elucidated to date.
0.940036	Silla absorbed the Gaya confederacy, annexing Geumgwan Gaya in 532 and conquering Dagaya in 562, thereby expanding its borders to the Nakdong River basin. The capital of the Silla kingdom was Gyeongju. Silla tombs took the form of a stone chamber which was surrounded by a soil mound. Silla (sometimes spelled Shilla) (신라; 新羅) is one of the three kingdoms of ancient Korea. Silla conquered the other two kingdoms in the 7th century: Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668. Silla tombs took the form of a stone chamber tomb which was surrounded by a soil mound. Silla's King Nulchi concluded an alliance with Paekche six years later in an attempt to counter the implications of that move and to check the pressure being exerted by Koguryo on their northern frontiers. Silla warriors drove through the Han and Imjin River valleys, taking possession of the richest agricultural land in the peninsula, the military and draft labor services of peasants, iron mines, and ten communities along the upper reaches of the Han River. Silla's earlier subjugation of the island of Ullung in the East Sea and its conquest of the northern Kaya tribes created a springboard for its advance along the fertile Naktong River. Silla, indigenous Korean kingdom founded in the 4th century ad, as Chinese influence in Korea was waning. The Silla Observatory is located on a mountain, Cerro la Silla, about 90 km (about 56 mi) northeast of La Serena, Chile. Buddhism became the dominant system of thought during the Unified Silla period and exercised great influence over literature and art. Silla (also spelled Shilla) was one of the three kingdoms of ancient Korea. Silla became a fully grown kingdom during the second period (514~654). Traditionally it is said that Silla, also known as Seorabeol or Saro, was founded by Bak Hyeokgeose in 57 BC, by unifying and expanding the loose confederation known as Jinhan. According to legend, the kingdom of Silla was founded in the year 57 BC in the Chinhan area in southeast Korea. Fifth and sixth century Silla burial items of high quality were recovered from the burial chambers in great quantity, including as well fine gold and jade objects worn by the deceased. The characteristic pottery of Silla and Kaya (a small federation of five principalities) is a high-fired gray stoneware. Both Parhae and Silla established peaceful diplomatic relations with the Tang dynasty and began to assimilate Tang institutions and culture, a major factor in the later blossoming of their native cultures. Silla exports to China included finely crafted weapons decorated with gold and silver and elaborately engraved with hunting falcons and hawks, gold and silver arrowheads and arrow cases, and silver needle cases with decorative engravings. During the late ninth century, Silla became a virtual miniature replica of the Tang Dynasty. Because Silla had to resist encroaching Tang forces, its sway was limited to the area south of the Taedong River. Silla and Tang China had a great deal of contact inasmuch as large numbers of students, officials, and monks traveled to China for study and observation. Silla in particular, however, developed a flourishing indigenous civilization that was among the most advanced in the world. La Silla is a 2400-m mountain, bordering the southern extremity of the Atacama desert in Chile. In January of that same year, the road connection to La Silla was completed; then, on March 24, 1966, the dedication of the road took place with the presence of many authorities and guests, such as the Archbishop of La Serena and the ESO’s President G. Funke. In 1971, the 1.2-m Schmidt was finally installed in La Silla, as was the ESO 50 cm -a duplicate of the Copenhagen 50 cm-. Silla Cooling Systems warrants their radiators and condensers, under normal use and service, for as long as the original purchaser owns the vehicle in which the radiator was originally installed. Silla Cooling Systems' warranty of its products to be free of all defects in material and workmanship, as limited herein, shall be in lieu of and exclusive of all other warranties, except warranties implied by law. Silla Cooling Systems neither assumes, nor authorizes any person to assume for it, any obligation or liability other than as herein expressly stated. For a long time Silla has held central place in the realm of ancient Korean historiography, which explains the relative abundance on articles on Silla compared with Paekche and Koguryô, not to mention Kaya or Palhae. It was Silla that overcame its rivals to unite the peninsula (some argue only the southern portion) in 668. Nelson, Sarah M. "Roots of Animism in Korea: From the Earliest Inhabitants to the Silla Kingdom." In Ho-Youn Kwon, ed. Each of these dynasties was marked by initial periods of consolidation, the flourishing of civilization, and eventual decline. The first 215 years of the Silla Dynasty were marked by the establishment of new political, legal, and education institutions of considerable vigor. Silla began to decline, however, in the latter part of the eighth century when rebellions began to shake its foundations. Therefore, in order to provide the singers with this opportunity, knowing the character of the voice of each singer was essential to the composer, who would not embark on the actual composition of the arias until he had heard the vocalists sing. It is not, as is the case in Mozart’s later operas, related to the drama itself; but there is a mood of tyrannical pride, pressaging both the angry, mean tyrant and the enlightened ruler who gives up power for the sake of his people. In the next scene Silla, who is irritated by Giunia and who rejects his love for her, is advised by his sister Celia to be nice and gentle to Giunia in order to conquer her. Kyôngju, the capital of the kingdoms of Old Silla (57 B.C.668 A.D.) and Unified Silla (668935), is dotted with impressive mounds of royal tombs. The Silla elite's desire for gold ornaments originally arose from contacts with various kingdoms of China and with the nomadic cultures of the northeast. Close similarities between the gold ornaments and crystal and jade necklaces of Silla and Japan illustrate the deep ties shared by the elites of the two neighboring kingdoms and the eastern flow of artisans and goods. Her father was the king of the Silla kingdom, which had emerged in the south about 250 and 350 AD, and by the end of the 7th century would manage to unify the whole peninsula. The Confucian model, which placed women in a subordinate position within the family, was not to have a major impact in Korea until the fifteenth century. She was the first of three females rulers of the kingdom, and was immediately secceeded by her cousin Chindok, who ruled until 654. This Pontus that was lorde and gouernour of this famous ile, was an auncient duke, and had twoo children, a soonne and a daughter, his sonne was named Siluio, of whom hereafter we shall haue further occasion to speake, but at this instant he was in the partes of Africa, seruyng in the warres. The daughter her name was Silla, whose beautie was so perelesse, that she had the soueraintie emongest all other dames, aswell for her beautie as for the noblenesse of her birthe. But Apolonius commyng but lately from out of the feelde, from the chasyng of his enemies, and his furie not yet thoroughly desolved, nor purged from his stomacke, gaue no regarde to these amourous entisementes, whiche by reason of his youth, he had not been acquainted with all. The Hotel Silla, ideally situated in the Medieval and Rennaissance heart of Florence, on the left bank of the Arno river, is close to the principal museums, churches, and shopping areas. Payment for the Hotel Silla is made directly to the hotel upon checkout, using cash or any major credit card. A written confirmation, along with a Hotel Silla brochure, will be sent to your mailing address at least one month prior to your confirmed reservation. As part of this activity, the electronics from the old La Silla earth-station are being moved to Paranal. To facilitate this move, the direct satellite link between Garching and La Silla was shut down on Saturday December 13 at 6:30 am La Silla time. Accordingly, the links to the La Silla Observatory Site on the ESO Home Page and in the Observing Facilities area are pointing to this mirror. About 100 km north of Cerro Tololo (within sight when the lighting is just right), atop Cerro La Silla, are the facilities of ESO, which can nearly match telescope for telescope the facilities operated by both Kitt Peak and Cerro Tololo. La Silla is also home to the Swedish-ESO Submiillimeter Telescope (SEST), a high-accuracy 15-meter dish which has proven especially valuable in mapping molecular gas in the Magellanic Clouds as well as the southern Galactic plane. It is shown here while still under construction (just after that embarrassing incident involving software limits, the Sun near zenith, and a melted secondary reflector), and against a fog bank after coming into operation a year later. Felix Silla was born in Rome Italy, and immigrated to the United States when he was sixteen. It was here that the producers of the newly signed Addams Family show saw him. Silla has portraid many different characters in many tv shows as well as Cinema. Silla is a Hollywood legend, and deserves your respect and admiration! Silla trained as a circus performer, came to the United States in 1955, and toured with the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Show. Felix Silla was born on January 11, 1937 in a small village outside Rome, Italy. Felix and Susan Silla have two children, Bonnie and Michael. Taking advantage of a recent visit to this first European Southern Observatory (ESO) site constructed on a mountain top in Chile, ESO software engineer Nico Housen recorded this stunning sky view. Beyond it, silhouetted by starlight, is the dome of one of La Silla's large optical instruments, a 3.6 meter telescope. Most of the pictures included in the ESO Photo Gallery for the La Silla Observatory have not been published elsewhere. More details about the telescopes shown here will be found on the dedicated webpages that can be reached via the La Silla homepage. Other relevant ESO photos may be found within in the ESO Press Releases. Italian born actor/stuntman Felix Silla originally trained as a circus performer, and came to the United States in 1955, touring with the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Show. Silla is also very well known for his acting roles such as: Cousin It from the 1960's TV series The Addams Family, Lucifer from Battlestar Galactica, Buck Rogers sidekick Twiki from Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, the hanglider Ewok from Return of the Jedi and Emperor Penguin from Batman Returns. Mozart wrote Lucio Silla on commission for Milan's Teatro Regio Ducale in 1772 - his second opera for Milan, after Mitridate. Silla's plotline is about the enlightenment of a tyrannical Roman dictator who eventually renounces his throne and frees his people, including two pairs of lovers reunited through his benevolence. I did it in the early '90s and the day after the opening, lots of telephones were ringing with offers of future European engagements! Silla, sushi was fun, but next time, we'll only get the tiger one. Silla has dragged her off into his own house. Is the glorious Silla of their number, too.
0.999455	The snow chains are the best device that you can fit on the tyre of the cars in order to give the vehicle the necessary traction to move over snow and icy roads. These are best used in areas where there are snowstorms and heavy winter. It is important for you to know when you need to use these chains so that it will help you easily get out of a slippery situation. The tyre chains are the first options that drivers used on their tyres to get the extra traction for their vehicles during the snowy conditions. The chains will help in stabilizing the vehicle in the deep snow. They will help in the easy operation of the vehicle in thick snow and icy roads and this is why these chains are still popular. The main advantage of these snow chains is that they are a traditional method to beat the snow traction issues for years. The chains have the strength and the power to easily break the ice and thereby making the icy roads less slippery. Why is it advantageous in shop snow chains online? The main advantage when you shop for tyre chains online is that they are offered at lower prices than what you get from a physical store. Also, the choice of chains is more and they are also offered in a wide range of budgets and styles to meet your vehicle needs.
0.949246	If I eat by someone else but sleep at my house, where do I light neiros shabbos? Technically you can light in either place, however the preferred place to light is the place that you are sleeping. The reason is because the place that you are eating already has someone lighting there. It is important however to be careful about a few things when lighting at home. First of all the candles should be lit in a place that is very safe, especially since no one will be supervising the candles, i.e. on a table near drapes that can get blown by the wind and touch the candles etc. The second things is that In order to fulfill the מצוה of הדלקת נרות, there must be some benefit derived from the light of the candles. This can be done in one of two ways; By enjoying the elegance that the candles add to the Shabbos meal (כבוד שבת). Or by receiving pleasure from the light that the candles give (עונג שבת). since you are not eating near the candles you must benefit from the light of the candles, otherwise you will not be yotza hadlokas neiros. There are a number of options for you. Either you should make sure to light long candles and eat something near them when you get back from the meal. You an also read something close up to the candles, in a way that you will be benefited from the light of the candles. Alternitively you can turn on the electric lights in one of the rooms immediately before lighting your candle, and without talking out light your candles and have in mind that the electric lights are to be a part of your “shabbos candles”. This way when you get back from your meal, even if the candles have gone out, you will still derive benifit from the electric light that will still (hopefully) be burning. Aruch Hashulchan O:CH 263-4, M:B 263-39,40, Shmiras Shabbos Khil choso 43-34, and 45-8, Shvus Yitzchok 8-2 (5), and chap. 4-2 in the name of R’ S. Z. Auerbach and R’ Eliyashiv zt”l, Sefer Kavod Shabbos chap. 4 ftnt. 4, and chap. 2- ftnt..22, that this is what they did in the homes of R’ M. Feinstein and R’ Y. Kaminetsky zt”l, Teshuvos V’hanhogos 2-157, Be’er Moshe 5-113, Rivivos Eprayim 3-162, Mishne Halachos 5-40. Not what you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged Shabbat eve hadlokas neiros Shabbos candles or ask your own question.
0.96325	Which is taller, a Squirrel or a Cat? Description Description:Southern flying squirrels live in wooded areas of the eastern United States, southeastern Canada, Mexico, and Honduras. The loose flap of skin, called the“gliding membrane, attached from its wrist to its ankle helps it glide in the appearance of flying. They also have large eyes for their nocturnal adventures. Description:Domestic cats are preditory animals that get along well with humans and are kept as pets. They have fur which can be many different colors, such as white, grey, tan, black, orange, and mutlicolored.
0.988594	Did the Fed Cause the Recession? I have been more defensive of the Fed's actions both before and after the crisis started than most, and I want to talk about why recent criticism of Bernanke and the Fed for their failure to use regulatory intervention to stop the housing bubble is correct, but perhaps directed at the wrong target. First, though, let me make clear that I do not share Bernanke's view that the Fed's low interest rate policy did not the cause of the financial crisis. He points to a global savings glut as the source of the liquidity that inflated the bubble, and regulatory failures that allowed that liquidity to become concentrated in high risk investments within the mortgage market. My view is that it wasn't one or the other, the global savings glut and the Fed's low interest rate policy worked together to provide the liquidity that fueled the bubble. I don't think that the Fed's policy was a mistake given what they knew at the time, and given the condition of the economy after the dot.com crash -- and that is, essentially, Bernanke's argument -- but I don't think it's correct to say that policy played no role at all in the financial crisis. But the main problem was, as Bernanke suggests, a failure of regulation. But I don't think the Fed is the only one to blame for that mistake, the blame is much broader. Let me explain. I don't want a Fed Chair who is all powerful, someone who can do whatever he or she wants with respect to monetary policy and regulation of the financial system. That's far too much power for one person to have, and does not accord with the intent to distribute power built into the Federal Reserve system. But, in essence, that's how the Fed worked under Greenspan, and it appears Bernanke, though trying to be more open to views from other members of the Fed, has similar powers over policy. Greenspan would not allow new regulation to be imposed on the financial sector as those who tried to warn about the problems in housing markets and got nowhere (or were ridiculed) will attest. Bernanke was not among the few who were issuing warnings, but even if he had been the pleas for new regulation would not have been received well by Greenspan. The real problem was not Bernanke's failure to call for regulation, the problem was the structure of power within the Fed that would not allow those who did see problems to bring their arguments forward and provide the persuasive evidence needed to turn their concerns into action. But there was another, bigger problem that drove Greenspan's views on regulation. Again, I don't want a Fed Chair who is all powerful, a maverick who can take the Fed wherever he or she wants. One of the constraints the Fed operates under, and this includes Greenspan, is that the policies that are enacted must be within the accepted bounds of the economic profession. A maverick that goes outside these bounds may be successful, but the howls from the profession would be loud and it's unlikely the Fed Chair would survive such an outcry. In any case, for the most part I'd prefer that that the Chair of the Fed follow accepted practices. Greenspan was a hard-liner on regulation, certainly toward the tail of the distribution, but he was not outside what the profession believed. Economists, for the most part, believed that deregulation was good, that it had produced lots of valuable financial innovations. I can recall holding up a graph in class long ago showing how few bank failures there were the year before, there were hardly any, and asking if this was stifling progress in the financial area. My point is that Greenspan was doing exactly what most of the profession supported. Thus, when Bernanke also adopted a supportive stance toward deregulation, it was not as though there was a big debate within economics on this issue and he chose the wrong side. He simply thought what we all thought -- he was part of one big collective mistake the profession made. Had Bernanke been arguing strongly for new regulation, nothing would have changed (except his reputation today). Greenspan would not have welcomed or supported a call for new regulation no matter how hard Bernanke might have argued, and the broader profession would not have supported it either. So yes, there is blame to be placed, plenty of it, but I don't think it should be concentrated as much as it is on Bernanke and the Fed (Greenspan may be a different story, but he was also going along with the majority of the profession, or at least the powerful voices in the profession at that time). The blame is on the entire profession, and those who study the structure of the banking industry and regulation in particular. Many of the economists who are the most critical today were among those supporting deregulation (or they said little or nothing about it). Finally, as I've noted before, I have come to the same conclusion that Krugman states today, that the most important thing we can do is to reduce the effects that bubbles have when they pop. We may never be able to prevent all bubbles or other problems in the financial sector, but we can do a better job of making sure that the effects of these problems are minimized. I'd start with limiting leverage ratios, the 30 or more to 1 we saw prior to the crisis is much too high and dangerous to unwind when problems hit, and I'd also restrict the other side of that coin and increase capital requirements. The system was far too fragile before the crisis, and that's something that we need to fix.
0.99938	I want you to imagine going on a date with someone and having a conversation with them where all the points mentioned above were present throughout your conversation; They spoke to you in an exaggerated fashion, using/making unclear language/references, in short quick bursts, and making vastly more statements than asking questions. That sounds terrible right? My guess is you might be hard-pressed to find a reason to go back for a second date. Yet, this is the type of connection that’s being formed with another person via social media. Let’s change that.
0.99856	B has not yet officially announced its next dividend payout. This table allows you to know how fast B’s price was able to recover after paying out dividends in the past. As an Investor you can benefit from stocks that recover quickly by capturing the dividend payment without suffering stock price depreciation. B's share price doesn't recover quickly after dividend payments. Barnes Group- (B)-is an international aerospace and industrial components manufacturer and full-service distribution company focused on achieving consistent, sustainable, and predictable results. Founded in 1857, Barnes Group consists of three businesses: Barnes Aerospace, Barnes Distribution and Barnes Industrial. Nearly 6,500 dedicated employees at more than 65 locations worldwide contribute to Barnes Group Inc.<span id="bwanpa1"></span>s success. The company was founded in 1857 and is headquartered in Bristol, Connecticut.
0.999953	The taxi pulls away from the crowd of cars and pedestrians at Noi Bai International Airport, wiggles and worms its way through the congestion, and zips toward the road that leads to Ha Noi. I roll down the window and the humid July air, tempered by a light rain, shoves its way inside. On the main road, we are joined by a fleet of mopeds, or ‘motos,’ as they are called in Viet Nam. They appear suddenly on all sides of us, unrestricted, it seems, by the concept of lanes. The taxi pulls away from the crowd of cars and pedestrians at Noi Bai International Airport, wiggles and worms its way through the congestion, and zips toward the road that leads to Ha Noi. I roll down the window and the humid July air, tempered by a light rain, shoves its way inside. On the main road, we are joined by a fleet of mopeds, or ‘motos,’ as they are called in Viet Nam. They appear suddenly on all sides of us, unrestricted, it seems, by the concept of lanes. Five minutes into the trip, I learn that it is the horn that dictates the rules of the road: drivers toot them incessantly to let others know their whereabouts, to warn each other, and to establish dominance in a straightforward manner that has nothing to do with road rage. Merchants who are transporting a variety of goods ride motos carrying live and dead animals, construction materials, or piles of astonishingly large fruit and leafy greens. Other motos transport entire families: fathers and mothers sandwich small children, including toddlers who stand on the seats, fingers curled around parents’ shoulders. Faces are obscured by smog masks and rain poncho hoods. Rice paddies flank the road, tended to by water buffalo and farmers too intent on plucking green shoots from the water to care about the hectic flow of traffic. The cabbie careens nonchalantly through the mass of vehicles, tooting and accelerating. I wait for the accident, know it is imminent. I appear to be the only one who is stunned. But then I spot a crate of rabbits strapped to the back of a moto; they huddle spooked and shivering in the cramped quarters, blinking rapidly each time the wheels hit a bump or their moped swerves quickly to dodge a car. I want to rescue them from the moto, plunk them down on the car seat beside me, and comfort them. I have read that motos are dangerous and that one should always, always, wear a helmet. No one here is wearing a helmet. It is my first day in Viet Nam, and I vow to stick to taxis.
0.999247	I can write captions underneath my pictures. in teeny tiny caption text? did see it they would probably have to squint. I might not do this again, but it's fun. Can you even tell that this is a caption? It lets me go on and on and on! Will I run out of room? I think I'm having way too much fun with this! I just want to keep on writing! What do you think, should I write a whole post like this? No? You're right, I shouldn't do that. Enjoy this normal-looking Nutella Bread post! 1. Attach a dough hook to your stand mixer. 2. Put the flour, yeast, salt, butter, 3/4 cup of warm milk and the yolks into a mixer. If it seems dry, add the extra milk by the tablespoon. Mix for about 10 minutes or until smooth. 3. Move to a greased bowl and cover. Let rise for 1 1/2 to 2 hours, or until doubled in size. 3. Move your dough onto a parchment lined rimless cookie sheet. See the spatula? This is an example of "messy". 5. Take another piece of dough and roll it out as before. Move the dough onto the first Nutella-covered layer. Mark with a plate. 6. Melt 1/3 cup of the Nutella and spread it out to the mark just as before. 7. Roll out a the third piece of dough and roll it out (are you seeing a pattern?) Lay the dough onto the two Nutella-slathered pieces. 8. Mark the dough with the rim of you plate. Warm 1/3 cup of Nutella in the microwave. Use a spatula to spread the Nutella to the edge of the "plate mark" on your dough. 9. Roll out your final piece of dough just as before. Lay it on top of the three-layered Nutella goodness. 10. Lay your plate on the layers and use a knife and use a knife to trim the edges. 11. Use a glass to mark the center of your dough. Using a sharp knife, cut marks from the edge to the mark, leaving the center in tact. Cut four even "slices". 12. Then, go back around and cut each quarter in half, giving you eight sections. 13. Lastly, go back one more time and cut four more slices. This should give you 16 cuts in your dough, all the while keeping your middle in tact. 14. Take two pieces and twist them away from each other. 15. Twist them away from each other again. Pinch the edges together. 16. Cover with a damp tea towel for 15 minutes. 17. Meanwhile, preheat oven to 350. 18. Right before you put the dough into the oven, beat the egg whites to break them up. Brush it onto the dough. 19. Bake for 15-20 minutes, or until golden brown.
0.999985	How do you clean an appliance that basically pulls water out of thin air? Find out all about it in Haier's dehumidifier use and care manual. You can also order dehumidifier replacement parts and schedule service online, 24/7. The dehumidifier should be plugged into a 15 amp, properly grounded 3-prong 115 volt outlet. Do not use an extension cord, plug adapter, surge protector or multi-outlet adapter. It should be used on a dedicated circuit and plugged directly into a grounded 3-prong outlet. When the dehumidifier is working normal, you may hear sounds or noises like:Compressor sounds, which may be loud. This is normal.Clicking sounds when the dehumidifier or compressor turns off and on, and when the Automatic Shutoff Switch is working.Air movement from the fan. Ideally 40% humidity is best for healthy breathing; however depending on the room environment you might find a slightly higher humidity percentage will be a better balance of comfort and efficiency. When the unit is turned on, the Bucket Full light may be lit. Remove the bucket and put it back in, making sure it is pushed properly into place. The Bucket Full light will then shut off. The model and serial number is located on the product's rating plate. The most common location for the tag is at the rear of the unit. Other locations include:DehumidifiersOn the rear of the unit. A dehumidifier by itself will not produce any form of smell. Usually any smell that emits from the unit will be something that is recycled from the room itself. To determine whether a Haier dehumidifier is Energy Star qualified, visit the Energy Star website: Energy Star Certified DehumidifiersIf a model is not on the Energy Star web site, it is not Energy Star qualified. The Smart Dry setting compares the humidity level with the actual humidity level and adjust the fan speed accordingly. There are two fan speeds levels. It is normal for the surrounding air to become slightly warmer as the dehumidifier operates. The dehumidifier also puts out warm air while operating, which is normal. All Haier dehumidifiers have Auto Restart, which means they will turn back on and start dehumidifying at the same settings after a power outage. Haier dehumidifiers use earth friendly R-410A refrigerant.
0.961909	Bread is a staple food prepared by cooking a dough of flour and water and possibly more ingredients. Doughs are usually baked in the Western world (and many other countries), but in some cuisines breads are steamed, fried, or baked on an unoiled skillet. It may be leavened or unleavened. Salt, fat and leavening agents such as yeast and baking soda are common ingredients, though bread may contain other ingredients, such as milk, egg, sugar, spice, fruit (such as raisins), vegetables (such as onion), nuts (such as walnuts) or seeds (such as poppy seeds). Bread is one of the oldest prepared foods, dating back to the Neolithic era. The development of leavened bread can probably also be traced to prehistoric times. Fresh bread is prized for its taste, aroma, quality and texture. Retaining its freshness is important to keep it appetizing. Bread that has stiffened or dried past its prime is said to be stale. Modern bread is sometimes wrapped in paper or plastic film, or stored in a container such as a breadbox to reduce drying. Bread that is kept in warm, moist environments is prone to the growth of mold. Bread kept at low temperatures, in a refrigerator for example, will develop mold growth more slowly than bread kept at room temperature, but will turn stale quickly due to retrogradation. The word itself, Old English bread, is common in various forms to many Germanic languages; such as Frisian brea, Dutch brood, German Brot, Swedish bröd, Norwegian and Danish brød; it has been claimed to be derived from the root of brew. However, it may be connected with the root of break, for its early uses are confined to broken pieces, or bits of bread, the Latin crustum, and it was not until the 12th century that it took the place—as the generic name for bread—of hlaf (hlaifs in Gothic: modern English loaf), which appears to be the oldest Teutonic name; Old High German hleib and modern German Laib, or Finnish leipä, Estonian leib, and Russian хлеб (khleb) are similar (all are derived from the Old German word for "loaf"). Bread is one of the oldest prepared foods, dating back to the Neolithic era. The first bread produced was probably cooked versions of a grain-paste, made from ground cereal grains and water, and may have been developed by accidental cooking or deliberate experimentation with water and grain flour. Yeast spores are ubiquitous, including the surface of cereal grains, so any dough left to rest will become naturally leavened. There were multiple sources of leavening available for early bread. Airborne yeasts could be harnessed by leaving uncooked dough exposed to air for some time before cooking. Pliny the Elder reported that the Gauls and Iberians used the foam skimmed from beer to produce "a lighter kind of bread than other peoples." Parts of the ancient world that drank wine instead of beer used a paste composed of grape juice and flour that was allowed to begin fermenting, or wheat bran steeped in wine, as a source for yeast. The most common source of leavening, however, was to retain a piece of dough from the previous day to use as a form of sourdough starter. A major advance happened in 1961 with the development of the Chorleywood Bread Process, which used the intense mechanical working of dough to dramatically reduce the fermentation period and the time taken to produce a loaf. The process, whose high-energy mixing allows for the use of inferior grain, is now widely used around the world in large factories. Recently, domestic breadmakers that automate the process of making bread have become popular in the home. The cultural importance of "bread" goes beyond slang, however, to serve as a metaphor for basic necessities and living conditions in general. A "bread-winner" is a household's main economic contributor and has little to do with actual bread-provision, for example. This also goes along with the phrase "putting bread on the table". A remarkable or revolutionary innovation is often referred to as "the greatest thing since sliced bread". In the USSR in 1917, Lenin and his fellow Bolsheviks promised "Peace, Land, and Bread." The term "breadbasket" is often used to denote an agriculturally productive region. In Slavic cultures bread and salt is offered as a welcome to all guests. In India , life's basic necessities are often referred to as "roti, kapra aur makan" [bread, cloth and house]. The political significance of bread is considerable. In Britain in the nineteenth century the inflated price of bread due to the Corn Laws caused major political and social divisions, and was central to debates over free trade and protectionism. The Assize of Bread and Ale in the thirteenth century demonstrated the importance of bread in medieval times by setting heavy punishments for short-changing bakers, and bread appeared in the Magna Carta a half-century earlier. Bread is a popular food in most societies. East Asian societies typically prefer wheat noodles, steamed bread, or rice. Bread is often made from a wheat-flour dough that is cultured with yeast, allowed to rise, and finally baked in an oven. Owing to its high levels of gluten (which give the dough sponginess and elasticity), common wheat (also known as bread wheat) is the most common grain used for the preparation of bread, but bread is also made from the flour of other wheat species (including durum, spelt and emmer), rye, barley, maize (or corn), and oats, usually, but not always, in combination with wheat flour. Although common wheat is best suited for making highly-risen white bread, other wheat species are capable of giving good black bread. Spelt bread (Dinkelbrot) continues to be widely consumed in Germany, and emmer bread was a staple food in ancient Egypt. Canadian bread is known for its heartier consistency due to high protein levels in Canadian flour. White bread is made from flour containing only the central core of the grain (endosperm). Wholemeal bread contains the whole of the wheat grain (endosperm and bran). It is also referred to as 'whole grain' or 'whole wheat' bread, especially in North America. Wheat germ bread has added wheat germ for flavoring. Whole grain bread can refer to the same as 'wholemeal bread', or to white bread with added whole grains to increase its fibre content (i.e. as in "60% whole grain bread"). Roti is a whole wheat based bread eaten in South Asia. Chapatti is a larger variant of Roti. Naan is a leavened equivalent to these. Granary bread is bread made from granary flour. Trademarked to Hovis, it is made from malted white or brown flour, wheat germ and whole grains. Rye bread is made with flour from rye grain of variable levels. It is higher in fiber than many common types of bread and is often darker in color and stronger in flavor. In Scandinavia, Germany , Finland , the Baltic States, and Russia , rye is a popular type of bread. Unleavened Bread or Matzah used for the Jewish feast of Passover, does not include yeast, thus it does not rise. Quick breads usually refer to breads chemically leavened, usually with both baking powder and baking soda, and a balance of acidic ingredients, and alkaline ingredients. Examples include: pancakes, waffles, muffins, and Boston brown bread. The amount of flour is the most significant measurement in a bread recipe, as it affects texture and crumb the most. Professional bakers use a system of percentages known as Bakers' Percentage in their recipe formulations, and measure ingredients by weight instead of by volume. Measurement by weight is much more accurate and consistent than measurement by volume, especially for the dry ingredients. Flour is always stated as 100%, and the rest of the ingredients are a percent of that amount by weight. Common table bread in the U.S. uses approximately 50% water, resulting in a finely-textured, light, bread. Most artisan bread formulas contain anywhere from 60 to 75% water. In yeast breads, the higher water percentages result in more CO2 bubbles, and a coarser bread crumb. One pound (~ 450 g) of flour will yield a standard loaf of bread, or two French loaves. Flour is a product made from grain that has been ground into a powdery consistency. It is flour that provides the primary structure to the final baked bread. Commonly available flours are made from rye, barley, maize, and other grains, but it is wheat flour that is most commonly used for breads. Each of these grains provides the starch and protein necessary for the production of bread. The quantity of the proteins contained in the flour serve as the best indicator of the quality of the bread dough and the finished bread. While bread can be made from all-purpose wheat flour, for quality bread a specialty bread flour, containing more protein, is recommended. If one uses a flour with a lower (9-11%) protein content to produce bread, a longer mixing time will be required to develop gluten strength properly. This extended mixing time leads to oxidization of the dough, which gives the finished product a whiter crumb, instead of the cream color preferred by most artisan bakers. Wheat flour in addition to its starch contains three water-soluble protein groups, albumin, globulin, proteoses, and two non-water soluble protein groups, glutenin and gliadin. When flour is mixed with water the water-soluble proteins dissolve, leaving the glutenin and gliadin to form the structure of the resulting dough. When worked by kneading, the glutenin forms strands of long thin chainlike molecules while the shorter gliadin forms bridges between the strands of glutenin. The resulting networks of strands produced by these two proteins are known as gluten. Gluten development improves if the dough is allowed to autolyse. Leavening is the process of adding gas to a dough before or during baking to produce a lighter, more easily chewed bread. Most bread consumed in the West is leavened. However, unleavened breads have symbolic importance in Judaism and Christianity. Jews consume unleavened bread called matzo during Passover. They are also used in the Roman Catholic Christian liturgy when they celebrate the Eucharist, a rite derived from the narrative of the Last Supper when Jesus broke bread with his disciples, perhaps during a Passover Seder. On the other hand, the Orthodox Church always uses leavened bread. A simple technique for leavening bread is the use of gas-producing chemicals. There are two common methods. The first is to use baking powder or a self-rising flour that includes baking powder. The second is to have an acidic ingredient such as buttermilk and add baking soda. The reaction of the acid with the soda produces gas. Chemically-leavened breads are called quick breads and soda breads. This technique is commonly used to make muffins, pancakes, American-style biscuits, and sweet breads such as banana bread. Many breads are leavened by yeast. The yeast used for leavening bread is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the same species used for brewing alcoholic beverages. This yeast ferments carbohydrates in the flour, including any sugar, producing carbon dioxide. Most bakers in the U.S. leaven their dough with commercially produced baker's yeast. Baker's yeast has the advantage of producing uniform, quick, and reliable results, because it is obtained from a pure culture. Many artisan bakers produce their own yeast by preparing a 'growth culture' which they then use in the making of bread. This culture kept in the right conditions will continue to grow and provide leavening for many years. Both the baker's yeast and the sourdough method of baking bread follow the same pattern. Water is mixed with flour, salt and the leavening agent (baker's yeast or sourdough starter). Other additions (spices, herbs, fats, seeds, fruit, etc.) are not necessary to bake bread, but are often used. The mixed dough is then allowed to rise one or more times (a longer rising time results in more flavor, so bakers often punch down the dough and let it rise again), then loaves are formed, and (after an optional final rising time) the bread is baked in an oven. The sour taste of sourdoughs actually comes not from the yeast, but from a lactobacillus, with which the yeast lives in symbiosis. The lactobacillus feeds on the byproducts of the yeast fermentation, and in turn makes the culture go sour by excreting lactic acid, which protects it from spoiling (since most microbes are unable to survive in an acid environment). All yeast-leavened breads used to be sourdoughs, and the leavening process was not understood until the 19th century, when with the advance of microscopes, scientists were able to discover the microbes that make the dough rise. Since then, strains of yeast have been selected and cultured mainly for reliability and quickness of fermentation. Billions of cells of these strains are then packaged and marketed as "Baker's Yeast". Bread made with baker's yeast is not sour because of the absence of the lactobacillus. Bakers around the world quickly embraced baker's yeast for it made baking simple and so allowed for more flexibility in the bakery's operations. It made baking quick as well, allowing bakeries to make fresh bread from scratch as often as three times a day. While European bakeries kept producing sourdough breads, in the U.S., sourdough baking was widely replaced by baker's yeast, and only recently has that country (or parts of it, at least) seen the rebirth of sourdough in artisan bakeries. According to Alton Brown, host of Food Network's "Good Eats" television show, each region of the world has different strains of lactobacillus, hence the flavor of the bread made from home starters is unique. The San Francisco Bay Area is especially famous for its sourdough breads. Sourdough breads are most often made with a sourdough starter (not to be confused with the starter method discussed above). A sourdough starter is a culture of yeast and lactobacillus. It is essentially a dough-like or pancake-like flour/water mixture in which the yeast and lactobacilli live. A starter can be maintained indefinitely by periodically discarding a part of it and refreshing it by adding fresh flour and water. (When refrigerated, a starter can go weeks without needing to be fed.) There are starters owned by bakeries and families that are several human generations old, much revered for creating a special taste or texture. Starters can be obtained by taking a piece of another starter and growing it, or they can be made from scratch. There are hobbyist groups on the web who will send their starter for a stamped, self-addressed envelope, and there are even mailorder companies that sell different starters from all over the world. An acquired starter has the advantage to be more proven and established (stable and reliable, resisting spoiling and behaving predictably) than from-scratch starters. There are other ways of sourdough baking and culture maintenance. A more traditional one is the process that was followed by peasant families throughout Europe in past centuries. The family (usually the woman was in charge of breadmaking) would bake on a fixed schedule, perhaps once a week. The starter was saved from the previous week's dough. The starter was mixed with the new ingredients, the dough was left to rise, then a piece of it was saved (to be the starter for next week's bread). The rest was formed into loaves which were marked with the family sign (this is where today's decorative slashing of bread loaves originates from), and taken to the communal oven to bake. These communal ovens over time evolved into what are known today as bakeries, when certain people specialized in bread baking, and with time enhanced the process so far as to be able to mass produce cheap bread for everyone in the world. The rapid expansion of steam produced during baking leavens the bread, which is as simple as it is unpredictable. The best known steam-leavened bread is the popover. Steam-leavening is unpredictable since the steam is not produced until the bread is baked. The leavening agent either contains air bubbles or generates carbon dioxide. The heat vaporises the water from the inner surface of the bubbles within the dough. The steam expands and makes the bread rise. It is actually the main factor in the rise of bread once it has been put in the oven. CO2 generation, on its own, is too small to account for the rise. Heat kills bacteria or yeast at an early stage, so the CO2 generation is stopped. Salt rising bread employs a form of bacterial leavening that does not require yeast. Although the leavening action is not always consistent, and requires close attention to the incubating conditions, this bread is making a comeback due to its unique cheese-like flavor and fine texture. Aerated bread is leavened by carbon dioxide being forced into dough under pressure. The technique is no longer in common use, but from the mid 19th to 20th centuries bread made this way was somewhat popular in the United Kingdom, made by the Aerated Bread Company and sold in its high-street tearooms. Fats such as butter, vegetable oils, lard, or that contained in eggs affects the development of gluten in breads by coating and lubricating the individual strands of protein and also helping hold the structure together. If too much fat is included in a bread dough, the lubrication effect will cause the protein structures to divide. A fat content of approximately 3% by weight is the concentration that will produce the greatest leavening action. In addition to their effects on leavening, fats also serve to tenderize the breads they are used in and also help to keep the bread fresh longer after baking. Bread improvers are frequently used in the production of commercial breads to reduce the time that the bread takes to rise, and to improve the texture and volume of bread. Chemical substances commonly used as bread improvers include ascorbic acid, hydrochloride, sodium metabisulfate, ammonium chloride, various phosphates, amylase, and protease. Sodium/salt is one of the most common additives used in production. In addition to enhancing flavor and restricting yeast activity, salt affects the crumb and the overall texture by stabilizing and strengthening the gluten. Some artisan bakers are foregoing early addition of salt to the dough, and are waiting until after a 20 minute "rest." This is known as an autolyse , and is done with both refined and with whole grain flours. Bread can be served at any temperature. Once baked, it can subsequently be toasted. It is most commonly eaten with the hands, or sometimes with a knife and fork. It can be eaten by itself or as a carrier for another, usually less compact food. Bread may be dipped into a liquid (such as gravy, olive oil, or sardine pâté), topped with various spreads, both sweet and savory, or serve as the enclosure for the ubiquitous sandwich with any number of varieties of meat, cheese, vegetables or condiments inside. The bread crust is formed from exposed dough during the cooking process. It is hardened and browned through the Maillard Reaction using the sugars and amino acids and the intense heat at the bread surface. The nature of a bread's crust differs depending on the type of bread and the way it is baked. Commercial bread is baked using jets that direct steam towards the bread to help produce a desirable crust. Bread crusts are sometimes considered unpalatable, especially and notoriously by young children, who commonly remove and throw away the crusts. Some parents cut off the crusts for their children, and others woo them with the promise that eating crusts will "make their hair curly." Some manufacturers, such as Sara Lee, have begun to market special crust-less breads. But for many, crusts are part of the allure of a delicious loaf of bread. There are many variations on the basic recipe of bread, including pizza, chapatis, tortillas, baguettes, brioche, pitas, lavash, biscuits, pretzels, naan, bagels, puris, and many other variations. In Mexico bread is called pan (Spanish for bread). Although corn tortillas are the staple bread in most of Mexico, breadrolls in many varieties are an important daily food for city dwellers. Popular breads in Mexico include the bolillo roll and pan dulce. There are many varieties, about 1000. Pan dulce, which is Spanish for "sweet bread", is primarily eaten at breakfast. In Peru , pan has many variations due to the diversity of Peruvian cuisine. People usually eat Pan de piso, and Pan serrano. There are also some kind of bread made by potatoes, currently popular in the Andes. Bizcochos are sweet bread usually eaten with some butter and hot chocolate. A dough made with cooked pumpkin or squash, often shaped and fried into doughnuts and served with a sweet fruity dipping sauce, is a traditional favorite. In Spain bread is called pan, and there are many varieties, about 315. There is a region called Tierra del Pan (literally translated as "Land of the Bread"), located in the province of Zamora , where economy was in the past joined to this activity. In the Philippines , pandesal (or pan de sal; literally, bread of salt or salt bread) is a rounded bread usually eaten by Filipinos during breakfast. Finland and Russia both have dark, sourdough breads made of rye. Traditional Finnish rye bread is disc-shaped, with a hole in the center for easier storing. These breads have a rougher composition and a stronger taste than wheat bread, and can thus be stored for longer periods of time. Some families may still have leaven they use for baking these bread handed down from generation to the next. In Britain there is a wide variety of traditional bread, often baked in a rectangular tin. In the United States , traditional bread includes cornbreads and various quick breads such as biscuits. Cornbread is made from cornmeal and can differ significantly in taste and texture from region to region. The south generally prefers white cornmeal with little or no wheat flour and sweeteners added. It is traditionally baked in a cast iron skillet and has a crunchy outside, and ideally, a moist inside. The northern region, however, usually prefers yellow cornmeal with sometimes as much as half wheat flour in its composition, as well as sugar, honey, or maple syrup. This results in a softer, sweeter bread than its southern counterpart. Homemade wheat breads are made in a rectangular tin simialar to those in the United Kingdom. Dinner rolls are another popular and traditional bread eaten with the dinner meal. They are made from wheat flour and yeast and shaped into individual rolls. Sourdough biscuits are traditional "cowboy food" in the western States. The San Francisco Bay Area is known for its crusty sourdough. In the South and Midland (chiefly), spoon bread, also called batter bread or egg bread, is made of cornmeal with or without added rice and hominy, and mixed with milk, eggs, shortening and leavening to such a consistency that it must be served from the baking dish with a spoon. Up until the twentieth century (and even later in certain regions), any flour other than cornmeal was considered a luxury. This would explain the variety of conbreads compared to that of wheat breads. Commercially, the most popular bread has been soft-textured, usually made with milk and slightly sweet, with a thin crust; this is the type that is generally sold ready-sliced in packages. It is usually eaten with the crust, but some eaters or preparers may remove the crust due to a personal preference or style of serving, as with finger sandwiches served with afternoon tea. Some of the softest bread including Wonder Bread, is referred to as "balloon bread". Though white "sandwich bread" is the most popular, Americans are trending towards more artisanal breads. Different regions of the country feature certain ethnic bread varieties including the French baguette, the Ashkenazi Jewish bagel, scali (an Italian-style bread made in New England ), Native American frybread (a product of hardship, developed during the Indian resettlements of the 19th century), and Jewish rye, a bread commonly associated with delicatessen cuisine. In South Asia ( India , Pakistan , etc.), Roti or Chapati, types of unleavened flat breads usually made from wholewheat flour and baked on a hot iron griddle called tava, form the mainstay of the peoples' diet . A variant uses mustard flour rather than white flour. Another variant is Puri, a thin flat bread which is fried rather than baked and puffs up while cooked. Paratha is another variation on Roti. Naan ( leavened wholewheat bread ), however, is baked in a Tandoor or clay oven and is rarely prepared at home. White and brown breads are also very common, but not as much as Roti. Jews have traditionally baked challah, a type of egg bread with a thin, hard crust and a soft, well-leavened center. It is made by wrapping plaits of dough and then lightly baking them in an oven. Challah is sometimes sweetened using honey and sometimes includes raisins. During Passover, unleavened bread in the form of various types of matzo is required due to the Biblical injunction to avoid any form of leaven during this time of year. There is some debate within the Jewish community as to whether dairy products are allowed in kosher bread; some authorities maintain that bread must be strictly pareve to avoid combining meat and dairy in the same meal, while others feel it is acceptable as long as a sign of some sort (usually a different loaf shape, but others are known) is baked into the loaf to distinguish it from pareve bread. In Morocco and West North Africa, a round bread which is roughly four inches tall is used to eat most of the Mediterranean's watery cuisine. They also have a thick and chewy fried bread which is smothered in oil before hand. The Rghifa bread is a staple in Morocco's food and consists of several layers of lightly cooked bread. In Scotland , another form of bread called plain bread is also consumed. Plain bread loaves are noticeably taller and thinner, with burned crusts at only the top and bottom of the loaf. Plain bread has a much firmer texture than English and American pan bread. Plain Bread is becoming less common as the bread consumed elsewhere in Britain is becoming more popular with consumers. In France , pan bread is known as pain de mie and is used only for toast or for making stuffing; standard bread (in the form of baguettes or thicker breads) has a thick crust and often has large bubbles of air inside. It is often baked three times daily and is sold totally unwrapped to keep the crust crisp. Some fancy breads contain walnuts, or are encrusted with poppy seeds. Italy sports many different kinds of bread with its wide geographic variety and its long history of political division contributing to the development of widely different breadmaking recipes and traditions. As a rule of thumb, breadrolls are typical of the northern regions while large loaves are typical of the southern regions. Bread often has a small quantity of olive oil, butter or rendered lard mixed into the dough to make it softer and more palatable. Traditional rustic breads include Sfilatino Imbottito (a stuffed bread roll) and Pizza Bianca (a flat white bread). Focaccia is quite popular in Italy, and is known in Provence as fougasse or as fouace in parts of southern France, the former name is becoming increasingly common and fougasse can now be bought all over France. It is usually seasoned with olive oil and herbs, and often either topped with cheese or stuffed with meat or vegetables. Focaccia doughs are similar in style and texture to pizza doughs. Stottie cake is a thick, flat, round loaf. Stotties are common in the North East of England. Although it is called a cake, it is a type of bread. Being the simplest, cheapest and most basic type of food, bread is often referred as a metaphor for "food" in general, in some languages and dialects, such as Greek. Christian traditional societies (usually in poor communities), used to respect bread since Jesus symbolised his body with it. The sign of the cross was performed with the knife on the bread's surface, before the loaf was cut. Sometimes it was considered a sin to desecrate bread (e.g., throw it away). In China , the traditional bread is Mantou. It is made by steaming or deep frying dough made from either wheat flour or rice. In Northern China, Mantou is often eaten as an alternative staple to rice. Steamed Mantou is similar to western white bread, but since it is not baked, it does not have a brown outer crust. Mantou that have a filling such as meat or vegetables (Char Siu Bao, for example) are called "baozi." In Ireland , it is traditionally held that the end of a loaf of bread (the 'heel' or 'hilt' of the loaf) is the best part of the loaf. Other stories and myths surround this piece of the bread in Irish Mythology. Irish soda bread, developed to make the most of the soft wheat grown in Ireland, is unusual for a European bread in that it is a quick bread, using the reaction of buttermilk and baking soda rather than yeast to rise. There are different types of traditional 'cheese breads' in many countries, including Brazil , Colombia , Italy and Russia . Image:Various grains.jpg\|A cereal grainImage:Sourdoughbreadcrumb.jpg\|Close up of sourdough bread sliceImage:Baked food.jpg\|A selection of breadsImage:Moldy Bread.jpg\|Crustless bread covered by a moldImage:Rugbr%C3%B8d.JPG\|Homemade rye breadImage:Bread in Boudin.jpg\|A variety of breads at the Boudin Bakery.Image:sourdoughbread.jpg\|Sourdough breads like this baguette (left) and roundbread begin with a starter passed down from excess batter from a previous loaf.Image:Rumali roti.jpg\|A chef in India prepares Rumali RotiImage:DamascusSyrianBreadseller.jpg\|Bread-seller in front of a bakery, Damascus , 1910.Image:StroudBread.jpg\|A variety of bread in Stroud Farmers' market, England Image:Frenchbread3000ppx.jpg\|Slice of French Bread.
0.78027	Hainan ( 海南 ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. Hainan Island, separated from Guangdong's Leizhou Peninsula by the Qiongzhou Strait, is the largest and most populous island under PRC control (Taiwan, which is slightly larger, is also claimed but not controlled by the PRC) and makes up the majority of the province. Provincial-level administrative divisions, or first-level administrative divisions, are the highest-level Chinese administrative divisions. There are 34 such divisions, classified as 23 provinces, four municipalities, five autonomous regions, and two Special Administrative Regions. All but Taiwan Province and a small fraction of Fujian Province are controlled by the People's Republic of China. Special economic zones of China (SEZs) are special economic zones located in mainland China. The government of China gives SEZs special economic policies and flexible governmental measures, compared to the more planned economy of most of China. This allows SEZs to utilize an economic management system that is more attractive for foreign and domestic firms to do business in than the rest of mainland China. In SEZs, "...foreign and domestic trade and investment are conducted without the authorization of the Chinese central government in Beijing." SEZs offer "tax and business incentives to attract foreign investment and technology". Sanya is the southernmost city on Hainan Island, and one of the four prefecture-level cities of Hainan Province, in Southeast China. Wenchang is a county-level city in the northeast of Hainan province, China. Although called a "city", Wenchang refers to a large land area in Hainan - an area which was once a county. The urban center and the seat of government of Wenchang is officially known as "Wencheng Town" (文城镇), which is also colloquially referred to as Wenchang City. According to China's territorial claims several territories in the South China Sea, including the Spratly Islands (Nansha) and Paracel Islands (Xisha), are notionally administered as part of the province. The Nine-Dash Line—at various times also referred to as the "10-dash line" and the "11-dash line"—refers to the undefined, vaguely located, demarcation line used initially by the Republic of China (1912–1949) and subsequently the governments of the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China (PRC), for their claims of the major part of the South China Sea. The contested area in the South China Sea includes the Paracel Islands, the Spratly Islands, and various other areas including the Pratas Islands, the Macclesfield Bank and the Scarborough Shoal. The claim encompasses the area of Chinese land reclamation known as the "Great Wall of Sand". The Spratly Islands are a disputed group of islands, islets and cays and more than 100 reefs, sometimes grouped in submerged old atolls, in the South China Sea. The archipelago lies off the coasts of the Philippines, Malaysia, and southern Vietnam. Named after the 19th-century British whaling captain Richard Spratly who sighted Spratly Island in 1843, the islands contain less than 2 km2 of naturally occurring land area spread over an area of more than 425,000 km2 (164,000 sq mi). The Paracel Islands, also known as Xisha in Chinese and Hoàng Sa in Vietnamese, is a group of islands, reefs, banks and other maritime features in the South China Sea. It is controlled, as part of the Sansha Prefecture, Hainan, by the People's Republic of China, and also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam. The Qiongzhou Strait, also called the Hainan Strait, is the Chinese strait that separates Guangdong's Leizhou Peninsula from the island province of Hainan. It connects the Gulf of Tonkin on its west to the South China Sea on its east. The strait is on average 30 km (19 mi) wide and centered at 20°09′N110°16′E with a maximum water depth of approximately 120 m (390 ft). The strait is susceptible to closure during strong typhoon activity. During the 17th and 18th centuries, explorers referred to the island as "Aynam", which remains the pronunciation of its name in the local Hainanese dialect. The summer in the north is hot and, for more than 20 days in a year, the temperature can be higher than 35 °C (95 °F)[ citation needed ]. The average annual precipitation is 1,500 to 2,000 millimetres (59 to 79 in) and can be as high as 2,400 millimetres (94 in) in central and eastern areas, and as low as 900 millimetres (35 in) in the coastal areas of the southwest. Parts of Hainan lie in the path of typhoons, and 70% of the annual precipitation is derived from typhoons and the summer rainy season. Major flooding occurs due to typhoons, which can cause many problems for local residents. There are 53 genera in 29 families of wild and cultivated fruit growing on Hainan Island. There are few large trees on the island; coconut palms are very common along with other smaller trees. Most of Hainan Island is however covered by forest. There are 362 known bird species. Seabirds such as gulls are not generally seen. Egrets and Black-winged kites are common in agricultural areas. Similar to many subtropical areas, insect species are diverse, and mosquitoes are very common. * - Sovereignty over Sansha (including the Paracel, Spratly and Zhongsha Islands) is disputed as of 13April2019. ↑ Danzhou CLC is currently known as Danzhou PLC after census. ↑ Xisha, Nansha, and Zhongsha Administrative Zone is currently known as Sansha PLC after census. Hainan Island is home to the People's Liberation Army Navy Hainan Submarine Base and strategic nuclear submarine naval harbor at 18°13′16″N109°41′10″E / 18.221°N 109.686°E / 18.221; 109.686 . The naval harbor is estimated to be 60 feet (18 m) high, built into hillsides around a military base. The caverns are capable of hiding up to 20 nuclear submarines from spy satellites. The harbor houses nuclear ballistic missile submarines and is large enough to accommodate aircraft carriers. The U.S. Department of Defense has estimated that China will have five type 094 submarines operational by 2010 with each capable of carrying 12 JL-2 ballistic missiles. Two 950-metre (3,120 ft) piers and three smaller ones would be enough to accommodate two carrier strike groups or amphibious assault ships. Owing to Hainan's tropical climate, paddy rice is cultivated extensively in the northeastern lowlands and in the southern mountain valleys. Leading crops other than rice include coconut, palm oil, sisal, tropical fruits (including pineapples, of which Hainan is China's leading producer), black pepper, coffee, tea, cashews, and sugarcane. Grouper, Spanish mackerel, and tuna[ citation needed ] constitute the bulk of the catch from offshore fishing grounds. Scallops and pearls are raised in shallow bays and basins for local use and export. The government of Hainan is expanding the province's medical tourism industry. The provincial government has established the Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone in the Bo'ao area. The zone is located six kilometers from the Boao Forum for Asia and covers 20 square kilometers. This was announced at the Boao Forum for Asia in 2011. The State Council has approved the development of Lecheng Island as a medical tourism-themed destination. Lecheng Island is a small island in the Wanquan River about 3 km (1.9 mi) west of the coastal town of Bo'ao on the west coast of the province. Construction on the 20 km2. The zone was begun in December 2014 and will cost a projected 1.5 billion yuan. It was scheduled for completion in 2016 and is the first special zone for medical travel in China. As part of the zone, the Boao Super Hospital opened in 2018. The Tomb of Hai Rui ( 20°0′29.66″N110°17′30.18″E / 20.0082389°N 110.2917167°E / 20.0082389; 110.2917167 ) is a key national cultural protection site. Hai Rui was a compassionate and popular official of Hainanese origins who lived during the Ming dynasty. He was famous for his lifelong honesty and his willingness to speak out on behalf of local people. In later life, Hai Rui was persecuted and fell out of favour with the emperor. His admirers built the Hai Rui Tomb after his death to commemorate his great works. Construction of the tomb began in 1589. Since March 2010, commercial and residential property values in some parts of Hainan have slowed down since the market peaked in February. In March, average month-on-month transaction prices dropped 12.82% to 12,280 RMB per square meter, with a reduction in volume to 627,000 square metres (6,750,000 sq ft), a 19.05% decline. Later in April, prices declined 2.84% to 11,932 yuan per square metre, with a 57.59% decline in volume to 567,200 square meters (6,105,000 sq ft). Then in May prices declined a further 29.74% from the previous month to 8,483 yuan per square metre, with a 57.95% decline in volume to 229,000 square metres (2,460,000 sq ft). However, property prices in the tourist resort of Sanya remain strong as of January 2011, with prime developments selling at prices of up to 80,000 RMB per square metre. Automotive manufacturing is one of Eight industrial pillar industries. Hainan's automotive output was 39,600 in 2017, down by 41.1 percent over the previous year. Domestic Chinese manufacturer, Haima Automobile has its global headquarters in Haikou. Today's Hainan is ringed by standard-gauge railways. Since 2004, a rail ferry connects the island's railroad network to the mainland. In 2005, Ministry of Communications allocated 20 million yuan (US$2.4 million) to set up a committee to research and study the possibility of a bridge or tunnel link connecting the island to the mainland. From the ferry terminal, located near Haikou railway station (west of Haikou), freight and passenger trains arriving from the mainland can proceed on the Hainan western ring railway along the island's west coast, via Dongfang to Sanya. This railway line has been developed over several decades, starting with a few short 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge lines constructed during the Japanese occupation in the early 1940s. As well as programming from Central China Television (CCTV), Hainan has a number of local TV stations including Hainan TV and Haikou TV. The Chinese language Nanguo Metropolis Daily , Haikou Evening News , and Hainan Daily newspapers are published in Haikou. The novel, Red Detachment of Women , by Liang Xin, was set in Hainan. The novel was first adapted to a feature film in the 1950s, and then a ballet in the 1960s as one of the Eight model plays. Most of the people of that time derived their romanticized image of Hainan Island from the scenes in the ballet, particularly that of the vivid forests of coconut trees, the Five Finger Mountain (Wuzhi Shan), and the Wanquan River. Hainian Resort is also a multiplayer map in the 2013 video game Battlefield 4 . Yalong Bay is a 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) beach located southeast of Sanya City, Hainan Province, China. It is also known as the Yalong Bay National Resort. Hainanese, also known as Qióng Wén or Qióng yǔ, is a group of Min Chinese varieties spoken in the southern Chinese island province of Hainan. In the classification of Yuan Jiahua, it was included in the Southern Min group, although it is mutually unintelligible with Southern Min varieties such as Hokkien–Taiwanese and Teochew. In the classification of Li Rong, used by the Language Atlas of China, it was treated as a separate Min subgroup. Hou Jingyi combined it with Leizhou Min, spoken on the neighboring mainland Leizhou Peninsula, in a Qiong–Lei group. "Hainanese" is also used for the language of the Li people living in Hainan, but generally refers to Min varieties spoken in Hainan. The Hainan people, also known as Hainanese or Hainam nang (in Hainanese dialect, are the native people who originate from Hainan, the southernmost and smallest Chinese province. The term "Hainanese" was frequently used by Min Hainanese-speaking Han Chinese, who are the majority in the island, to identify themselves overseas. Nevertheless, other natives of the island such as the Li people, Yao, Danzhounese, Lingaoese, Hakkas and Utsuls may also use the term. Cross-Strait Economic Zone is a proposed economic zone by the People's Republic of China which includes economic linkages between the three coastal provinces of mainland China and Taiwan. This includes coastal cities along Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang provinces such as Xiamen, Quanzhou, Fuzhou, Wenzhou and Shantou. In Taiwan, this would include Taipei, Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung. The proposed zone aims to increase economic ties between Taiwan and mainland China. The Beibu Gulf Economic Rim or Beibu Economic Belt also known as Gulf of Tonkin Economic Belt in defines the economic region or rim surrounding around China's southwestern coastal region and cities around the Gulf of Tonkin. The region is part of Chinese government's "Go West" strategy, to boost its less developed western regions. The implementation of the campaign, has resulted in many construction projects in cities on the Beibu Gulf Rim, especially in Guangxi. The Beibu Gulf economic rim has emerged as a new highlight of China-ASEAN cooperation, especially between Vietnam, who is also cooperating in this economic zone. It covers Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi, and northern and central Vietnam. The Hainan Island Ring Expressway, officially the Hainan Region Ring Expressway and designated G98, is a 612.8-kilometre-long orbital expressway (380.8 mi) that encircles the island of Hainan in the People's Republic of China. Yángpǔ Economic Development Zone is an area of the Yangpu Peninsula, Hainan province, China. This zone, covering 31 km2 (12 sq mi), contains a port, oil refinery, petroleum commercial reserve base, power station, and the town of Yangpu. The area, Hainan's largest economic zone, is located on the northwestern coast of the island, about 140 km (87 mi) west of Haikou, the provincial capital. It is the first development zone approved for lease to foreign investors by the Chinese government. The Hainan eastern ring high-speed railway is a high-speed railway on Hainan Island. It is part of China Railway High-speed. Opened in December 2010, the railway links the capital Haikou at the northern end of the province to the resort city of Sanya in the southernmost region of the island. The Hainan western ring high-speed railway is a high-speed railway operated by China Railway High-speed in Hainan Province. It started operation on 30 December 2015. The Hainan western ring railway is a standard-gauge railway running along the coast of the western half of Hainan Island in South China. It connects the provincial capital Haikou on the island's north coast with Sanya, the major city on Hainan's south coast. The rail line is 363.8 km long; its terminals are Haikou railway station and Sanya railway station. Cargo trains enter this railway from Zhanjiang, Guangdong at the South Port of the Guangdong–Hainan Railway. The Guangdong–Hainan railway is a railway that operates from Haikou railway station in Hainan, to the South Port a few hundred metres northwest at the coast, across the Qiongzhou Strait by ferry to Zhanjiang at the tip of the Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong, and then north into Guangdong. Nada is a town in Danzhou city, Hainan province, China. Nada was established more than 400 years ago, and has been the administrative seat and urban center of Danzhou since 1958. It has a population of 220,000 as of 2010. Hainan HNA Infrastructure Investment Group Co., Ltd. formerly Hainan Island Construction Co., Ltd. is a Chinese listed company based in Haikou. in mid-2016 the company acquired HNA Infrastructure Group in a reverse IPO from intermediate parent company HNA Infrastructure Holding Group, which HNA Infrastructure Group is the parent company of HNA Real Estate and HNA Airport Group ; HNA Airport Group is the largest shareholder of Haikou Meilan International Airport, which in turn the largest shareholder of Hong Kong listed company HNA Infrastructure. In December 2016 a proposed capital increase of the HK-listed company was announced. HNA Infrastructure Investment Group would purchase a minority share directly. Haikou Meilan International Airport was the second-largest shareholder of Hainan Airlines; Hainan Airlines, however, also owned a minority stake in Haikou Meilan International Airport. Haikou Yazhou Gu Cheng (海口崖州古城) is an unused group of buildings located just north of Haixiu Road, Haikou, Hainan, China. It was once a temple dedicated to a famous general. In 1993 it was expanded. In 1997, due to its dilapidated condition, the tourist department revoked its status as a visitor attraction. On February 27, 2005 there was a massive fire. It remains dilapidated with parts of it now used for such businesses as auto repair. ↑ 海南省2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 [Statistical Communiqué of Hainan Province on the 2017 National Economic and Social Development] (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Hainan Province. 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2018-06-22. ↑ "Why is the South China Sea contentious? - BBC News" . Retrieved 2016-08-16. ↑ Chen, Stephen. "China's southern island of Hainan born out of Vietnam millions of years ago: study". South China Morning Post . Retrieved 2017-04-29. ↑ "Tracing the legacy of the early Hainan Islanders – a perspective from mitochondrial DNA". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 15 February 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2011. ↑ "Population and People of Hainan Island". ↑ "Map of the Island of Aynam". Atlas of Mutual Heritage. Retrieved February 2, 2015. ↑ Dampier, William (1729). Mr. Dampier's Voyages. Mr.Dampiers Voyages Around the World. 2. London: James & John Knapton. ↑ Subsequently Vice Mayor of Shenzhen SEZ (May 1985 to January 1988), Executive Vice Mayor of Guangzhou (January 1988 to April 1992) and Vice Chairman of Guangxi AR (April 1992 to January 1996). ↑ "China's Hainan island has 320,000 hectares of wetland". www.ecns.cn. ↑ "电子地图 – 海南省人民政府网站 [Online Map - Hainan People's Government Website]". Hainan.gov.cn. Retrieved 2010-08-09. 1 2 3 4 Li Fusheng; Huang Yiming (25 June 2013). "Hainan Special: Report: Hainan grew greener in 2012" . China Daily . 1 2 "200 Species on Verge of Extinction in Hainan". English.cri.cn. Retrieved 2012-11-16. ↑ 海南岛鲸类搁浅记录数据库（1993 ～ 2015 年） (pdf). 中国科学数据2016年第2期. 2016. doi:10.11922/csdata.170.2015.0029 . Retrieved March 5, 2017. ↑ "Identification Guide for Marine Mammals In the South China Sea". The Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering at The Chinese Academy Of Sciences. Retrieved 2015-01-19. ↑ Wang, Peilei (王丕烈) (1984). 中国近海鲸类的分布. CNKI.NET. 辽宁省海洋水产研究所 (Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute. Retrieved December 7, 2014. ↑ "Injured whale could survive after intensive care". China Internet Information Center . Retrieved 2017-04-29. ↑ 海南海洋生态保护良好，成为大型珍稀海洋动物的“乐园”. hnfjz.com. Retrieved March 5, 2017. Archived 2017-03-05 at the Wayback Machine . ↑ "'Water gypsies' fear lifestyle sea change". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2017-04-29. ↑ "wenewsit.com". wenewsit.com. Retrieved 2011-11-12. ↑ Thurgood, Graham. "Sociolinguistics and contact-induced language change: Hainan Cham, Anong, and Phan Rang Cham.". 2006. Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 17–20 January 2006, Palawan, Philippines. Linguistic Society of the Philippines and SIL International. ↑ 中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 (in Chinese). Ministry of Civil Affairs. ↑ Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics. 《深圳统计年鉴2014》 (in Chinese). China Statistics Print. Retrieved 2015-05-29. ↑ Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2. ↑ Ministry of Civil Affairs (August 2014). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》 (in Chinese). China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-7130-9. 1 2 3 国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). 中国2010年人口普查分县资料. Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6659-6. ↑ "China Builds Secret Nuclear Submarine Base in South China Sea". FoxNews.com. 2008-05-02. Retrieved 2009-05-03. 1 2 3 4 "Hainan Province: Economic News and Statistics for Hainan's Economy". Thechinaperspective.com. Retrieved 2011-11-12. ↑ "Hainan officials rule out bubble burst". Chinadaily.com.cn. 2010-05-10. Retrieved 2010-08-09. 1 2 "CEIS, HSF release Xinhua HSF Price Indices in S. China Haikou". ↑ "Sustainable Aquaculture in South China – Shrimp and Tilapia Farming in Hainan and Guangdong Provinces". Euchinawto.org. Retrieved 2011-11-12. ↑ "Hainan to offer 30-day visa-free period for visitors from 59 countries". www.ecns.cn. ↑ "Hainan tourism Hainan on the way to become the new Hawaii ?". eTurboNews.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09. 1 2 "China opening up Hainan Island to the world". The Independent. London. 2011-03-31. 1 2 "Sanya big draw for tourists - Xinhua \| English.news.cn". News.xinhuanet.com. 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2012-11-16. ↑ "Leader in Hotel, Airlines, Tourism and Travel Trade News - Hainan unveils plans to boost infrastructure, flight connectivity". TTG Asia. 2012-05-03. Retrieved 2012-11-16. 1 2 "53 million tourists flock to Hainan". 11 March 2016. ↑ "Is the 'Hawaii of China' becoming the new Dubai?". 20 September 2017. ↑ Times, Global. "China's Hainan lures global travelers with more than beaches - Global Times". www.globaltimes.cn. ↑ "Hainan steps up learning process with Spain visit". Medicaltourism.com. 2011-09-16. Archived from the original on 2013-05-04. Retrieved 2012-11-16. ↑ "China Drive". English.cri.cn. 2011-12-07. Retrieved 2012-11-16. ↑ 代艳. "Super Hospital opens in Boao, Hainan - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. ↑ Dong Qingpei (董庆沛) (2011-04-25). "China in key position to attract medical tourists". China.org.cn. Retrieved 2012-11-16. ↑ Qionghai, Hainan (1970-01-01). "19.142995,110.526272 - Google Maps". Maps.google.ca. Retrieved 2012-11-16. ↑ F_100585 (2012-07-02). "Hainan makes foray into int'l medical tourism (2) - People's Daily Online". English.peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2012-11-16. ↑ "Hainan plans good news for free trade". www.ecns.cn. 1 2 3 "China Focus: Tropical island on forefront of next phase of China's reform, opening-up - Xinhua - English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. 1 2 李齐. "Province burns bright as investment hot spot amid industrial boom - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. ↑ 刘小卓. "Hainan to launch major recruitment fair in Beijing - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. ↑ "The Business of Luxury and Culture in China". Jing Daily. 2011-04-18. Retrieved 2013-01-25. ↑ "The Business of Luxury and Culture in China". Jing Daily. 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2013-01-25. ↑ F_221. "Hainan tax rebate attracts 1.6 million tourists for shopping - People's Daily Online". English.peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2013-01-25. ↑ 李齐. "HK, Jeju and Okinawa, now Hainan! - Business - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. ↑ "CapitalVue News: Hainan Property Market Collapses". Capitalvue.com. 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2010-08-09. 1 2 "Favorable climate in Hainan attracting holiday investors". www.ecns.cn. ↑ "Tips on buying property". www.ecns.cn. ↑ "Hainan places tougher restrictions on property purchases". www.ecns.cn. ↑ "Hainan travel chaos: Is it time to build the cross-strait subsea tunnel?". June 8, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018. ↑ "Railway Ferry Service Across Qiongzhou Straits Begins". People's Daily Online. 2003-01-08. Retrieved 2008-08-12. ↑ Xinhua News Agency (2005-02-03). "Hainan Mulls Bridge/ Tunnel Link to Mainland". China.org.cn. Retrieved 2008-08-12. ↑ 海南吉林迈入"高铁时代" [Hainan Steps into an Era of High Speed Railways] (in Chinese). People's Daily Online. December 31, 2010. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2012. ↑ "Hainan's Eastern Ring Railway/Ticket Price". news.wenweipo.com. December 28, 2010. Retrieved January 10, 2012. ↑ 海南吉林迈入高铁时代高铁激活国际旅游岛 [Hainan International Tourism Island Steps into the Age of High Speed Rail Age] (in Chinese). January 4, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2011. 1 2 3 "Hainan Harbor & Shipping Holding Co., Ltd". China Ports. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06. Retrieved 2011-11-12. ↑ "Hainan Strait Port, China". ports.com. Retrieved 2011-11-12. ↑ "China exports 11k tons of aquatic products via Hainan ports in Nov – What's On Sanya". Whatsonsanya.com. 2010-12-28. Retrieved 2011-11-12. ↑ "Swatch Girls World Pro China". ↑ "Hainan International Surfing Festival". ↑ "(Hainan Sanya) – Yachts, Business Jets, Luxury LifeStyle". Hainan RendezVous. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved 2011-11-12. ↑ "Hot Air Balloon Challenge held in Haikou". News.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2011-11-12. ↑ "H1 China Hot Air Balloon Challenge kicks off". 360doc.com. Retrieved 2011-11-12. ↑ "China's Top Ten 2011". Global Times. January 19, 2011. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2011. ↑ Services, FSM Information. "Official Visit to China by President Peter M. Christian". kpress.info. Retrieved 2018-01-11. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hainan .
0.999999	Are there router bits for a drill? It's possible to use a straight router bit for drilling because it can be used on a variety of projects and materials. In addition to being able to cut flutes in molding and create rabbets and mortises, straight router bits can also be used for drilling projects. Remember, though: Using a router to drill your wood requires extra caution and care. The high speed of the router's rotation can quickly and easily damage your wood. Taking a few necessary precautions will help you avoid this outcome. First, make sure that your piece of wood is firmly clamped; this will prevent it from moving as you drill into it using your router. In addition, be sure to set the depth of the bit before you begin drilling. When you're ready to drill, make sure you plunge the router straight down into the piece; don't move the router in any other direction because this will increase the size of your hole.
0.967159	Place ham in a large Dutch oven or stockpot. Cover with water to 2 inches above ham; cover and refrigerate for 24 hours. Drain; rinse well with warm water. Drain. Trim fat and rind from ham. Score outside of ham in a diamond pattern; stud with cloves. Place ham, skin side down, on the rack of a broiler pan coated with cooking spray. Place rack in pan; pour 1 cup apple juice over ham. Cover ham loosely with foil. Bake at 325° for 2 1/2 hours, basting occasionally with remaining 1 cup apple juice. Remove ham from oven (do not turn oven off); uncover ham. Combine sugar and mustard; brush over ham. Bake, uncovered, at 325° for 30 minutes or until a thermometer inserted into thickest portion registers 140°. Place ham on a cutting board; cover and let stand 10 minutes before slicing. Soaking the ham in water draws out some of the sodium so the ham won't taste too salty. This was the perfect recipe for my first ham. I've made roast beef and pork loin, but never ham until this one last night. No time or fridge space to soak it, but it still came out great. With my slight tweaking of the recipe, even my very picky nephew loved it. I basted it according to instructions, but the glaze was different: I skipped the cloves, mixed molasses with white sugar because I discovered when it was halfway done that I was out of brown sugar, and used whole grain mustard because I don't have Dijon. Also, mine was almost two pounds smaller than called for (tiny apartment ovens require the smallest ham the store has) but still took the full two and a half hours plus glazing time. Maybe it's because I'm at high altitude. I recommend glazing when it reaches about 125. It'll rise the final 15 degrees during the last 30 minutes. the ham is fully cooked if you bought one like the recipe states all you are doing is heating it. I love it. None of the reviewers followed the recipe. Nonetheless, everyone rated it. Do not treat my stars seriously. I did not try this recipe yet. I always made my hams this way except i soak mine over night in ginger ale. then instead of apple juice i like pineapple juice.. i decorate my ham before baking it with sliced pineapple and maraschino cherries. my husband loves the cooked pineapple and cherries too.ham always turns out great. Have not tried recipe yet, however, after reading the reviews of some I have a tendency to believe that the ham should have been soaked & refrigerated for 2-4 hours and not 24 hours. The soaking is only to lessen the saltiness which can sometimes be a bit much. Always looking for new recipes so will definitely try this one. I did not soak the meat based upon previous reviews. Otherwise I followed the recipe. My husband said, "Best ham ever," and that includes hams that his mother has made during visits. Kids loved it. I don't eat pork, but it sure smelled good! I will definitely use this recipe again--it has made me a domestic goddess (for a day, anyway)! This turned out nice. I did not soak the ham, but I did wash it in warm water before I began cooking it. Nice flavor. Next time, I may not cook it as long. But, still good.
0.99984	Phosphors are substances which can absorb energy (including electromagnetic waves (visible light, X-rays, ultraviolet light)), and after energy conversion they will emit all different colors of visible light. In the case of LED, a phosphor coating is deposited on the LED die, combined with a short wavelength LED such as blue or ultraviolet light to generate white light. They work in the way that the blue or ultraviolet light photons generated in the LED either travels through the phosphor layer without alteration, or they are converted into yellow photons in the phosphor layer. The combinations of the blue and yellow photons generate white light.
0.975072	At first glance, it may seem like the FCC’s decision to release nutritional label style broadband labels, might be an April Fools Day Joke. Surprisingly, it isn’t. The Federal Communications Commission chose to follow the nutritional guideline model because of its familiarity. It represents an opportunity to give consumers more details about there internet service and access. The goal is transparency, which aligns with new rules for ISP’s like Frontier, to provide consumers with better clarity. It’s important to point out that the new labels are currently optional, but the transparency isn’t. This is great for everyone. Currently, it’s hard for consumers to compare internet service providers, because every ISP seems to be measuring to a different set of standards. We’ll be working hard to present our service with clarity. Expect changes soon from Frontier and our competitors, we’re certain that Frontier will still be the best choice for you and your family! We agree. The new guidelines are a step in the right direction, and will give consumers more choice and better control over their broadband connection. The new labels detail pricing, internet speeds, latency, data caps, modem costs, and early termination fees among other items in a familiar and easily understood format. It’s important to point out that the new rules also affect wireless cellular companies such as Sprint and T-Mobile. It will be interesting to see how this plays out, but we estimate a fairly widespread adoption of the format.
0.998023	BATS Magazine Article: Batkid and Robin Join the Bat Squad! Courtesy of Paul Sakuma Photography / Make-A-Wish Greater Bay Area. In November of 2013, the Bat-Signal illuminated the skies over Gotham City. Two young heroes, 5 year-old Miles Scott and his brother Clayton, answered the call and sprung into action as their alter egos, Batkid and Robin. With the help of the Make-A-Wish Greater Bay Area Foundation, over 20,000 fans cheered on the dynamic duo as they saved San Francisco-turned-Gotham City from hordes of dastardly villains. And just as Bruce Wayne was inspired by earth’s only flying mammal, Miles and Clayton Scott are hoping to learn more about the other caped crusaders of the night...bats! “I was a bat for a day, so I need to know my roots,” said Miles. His favorite type of bat? The flying fox (whose ‘cape’ can be over 6 feet wide)! Miles and Clayton’s parents, Nick and Natalie Scott, own and operate a farm near Tulelake, California. Their property is north of San Francisco and near Modoc National Forest and Lava Beds National Monument. When he was younger, Miles would often claim that the nearby caves were his home to live with his bat friends. And those bat friends are incredibly helpful to the local farmers, like the Scotts. In fact, a recent study estimated that bats save the agricultural industry $23 billion a year in costs related to pest control and damage. Species found in the caves, like pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus), are especially helpful in controlling grasshopper, cutworm and armyworm populations—all foes to farmers. “After learning more, we are interested in the benefits [bats] can provide. We will definitely be looking into bat boxes on our property,” said Natalie Scott. “Thanks bats, you help us a lot,” said Miles. Both Miles and Clayton have joined the Bat Squad so that they can learn more about the benefits of their bat brethren.
0.999998	Yeah, wasn't the 1987 Davis Cup match between McEnroe and Becker in Hartford, CT the longest tennis match ever? One of the middle sets went to like 15-13 or something like that and I think the entire match went on for like 6 hours 40 minutes. Why do they keep saying that the Santoro-Clement match this week is the longest tennis match in the open era at only 6 hours 33 minutes and the the longest match on record before that was the McEnroe-Wilander Davis Cup match in 1982 in St. Louis which was 6 hours and 22 minutes? Correct me if I'm wrong. Q. Out of all your finals, you mentioned the 1986 final as the one you thought proved you belong. Is that the one that stands out most memorable or is there another one that you thought maybe was the most exciting match, a match you won't ever forget if you live to be 150? BORIS BECKER: Well, there's one match in particular that stands out. That's a Davis Cup match against McEnroe in Hartford. That was in '87. That was about whether America or Germany goes down to the second division. That was probably the longest match I ever played, and the one with extreme emotion and extreme trials and tribulations. I wouldn't like to compare my Grand Slams because each was very, very special and very difficult to win and to do. Some finals were easier than others. All in all, each holds a special place in my heart. Obviously the four finals I lost at Wimbledon is something I also won't forget. Why do they keep saying that the Santoro-Clement match this week is the longest tennis match in the open era at only 6 hours 33 minutes and the the longest match on record before that was the McEnroe-Wilander Davis Cup match in 1982 in St. Louis which was 6 hours and 22 minutes? Correct me if I'm wrong. The Davis Cup is separate from the ATP Tour and may not be included in the official definition of the 'Open Era'. Open era may only apply to matches played on the Tour since <insert date>. So for Open era or ATP Tour records anything in Davis Cup does not count. I checked it out and I saw it reported that Becker/Mcenroe was "ONLY" (ha ha) 6 hrs 21 min.
0.998574	How important are human factors in aviation? Is it true that one worker in a state of stress or fatigue can cause hundreds of deaths? These questions can be answered when you understand what exactly human factors in aviation are and what kind of effect they may have. The term “human factors” is complex and covers the science of understanding the specifics of a great number of subjects (including psychology, industrial design, anthropometry, statistics, and engineering), the application of this understanding to different fields (development, design, etc.) and the art of applying human factor principles to the working environment. Human error is the most troublesome of all human factors. The fact that over 80% of accidents are caused by these unintentional actions increased the interest towards studying human factors and their actual role in aviation. Human factors can be roughly divided into two categories, depending on the person’s position. Pilots, crew and air traffic controllers form the first category. These people are directly responsible for the process of flight and landing. Their possible mistakes include inability to keep control of a plane, choosing a dangerous route, and incorrectly performed maneuvers. The second category includes people responsible for design and maintenance of a plane. There are many factors that influence this group. The first of them is people who do the job. Their physical and psychological conditions, as well as their capabilities, determine the probability of errors. The second important factor is the environment where people work. It includes both the physical environment that surrounds the worker and theorganizational environment (safety, profitability, communication within the organization, etc.). Actions of the workers are also considered one of the important human factors. They include the actions that people actually do and the instructions that they must follow. The final component of human factors is resources that people rely on or produce when working. All these factors are closely interrelated and studied as a group. A single deviation from the strictly defined norm in one of them can trigger a chain reaction that may lead to a serious accident. Human factors play an extremely important part in aviation. In this field, a manager’s mistake that will cause stress to a worker can be as deadly as an engineer’s miscalculation. This is why all these factors must be studied and controlled. Avoiding human error is impossible. Therefore the main objective in this case is to catch and fix it before any serious incidents occur.
0.957611	The tables below provide an overview of Athletic Bilbao stats and form this season in La Liga. Athletic Bilbao have picked up an average of 1.44 points per game since the beginning of the season. The team's average points per game in the last 8 matches is 2.00, which is 38.9% higher than their current season's average. 0-1 Mikel Oiarzabal (30) pen. 1-3 Mikel Oiarzabal (74) pen. 1-0 A. Aduriz (90) pen. 1-0 A. Aduriz (45) pen. 0-1 Raúl García (19) pen. 2-1 Roger Martí (51) pen. Of the above 4 remaining matches in La Liga, Athletic Bilbao will be playing as many matches at home and away (2 in each case). Considering the opponents' Points Per Game (PPG) values above, Athletic Bilbao's remaining away matches feature a higher combined opposition PPG average than their remaining home matches. Athletic Bilbao's opponents to be played in home games currently have a combined average of 0.92 Points Per Game in their away matches played so far this season in the league. As for the hosts that Athletic Bilbao will be visiting, so far this season they have a combined average of 1.56 Points Per Game at home in the league. With 49 points so far this season, Athletic Bilbao have picked up 9 points more than they did last season after 34 matches, yet their total in the current season is 10 points lower than it was two seasons ago at the same stage. Matches played at home have accounted for 63% of Athletic Bilbao's total points and 59% of the goals they have scored so far this season in La Liga. Athletic Bilbao have scored an average of 1.09 goals per match so far this season, which is lower than the average number of 1.29 goals scored by each team per match this season in the league, all teams combined in La Liga. A majority of Athletic Bilbao's wins have been obtained with a 1-goal margin (10 wins), while 2 of their wins had a margin of 2 goals or more. A majority of Athletic Bilbao's defeats had a margin of 2 goals or more (5 defeats), while 4 of their defeats had a 1-goal margin. Avg. min. leading 27.9 min. Avg. min. trailing 13.8 min. In this example, Athletic Bilbao have been in the lead for an average duration of 27.9 minutes per match (based on a 90-minute match duration), which is longer than the average duration of 13.8 minutes per match during which their opponents were in the lead in those matches. Athletic Bilbao have taken the lead 25 times and have conceded an equalizer on 13 occasions, corresponding to a lead-defending rate of 48% (for an opponents' equalizing rate of 52%). Of the 14 times that Athletic Bilbao's opponents have taken the lead, Athletic Bilbao have managed to score an equalizer on 5 occasions, corresponding to an equalizing rate of 36%. Avg. min. trailing 8.3 min. In this example, Athletic Bilbao have been in the lead for an average duration of 31.8 minutes per match played at home (based on a 90-minute match duration), which is longer than the average duration of 8.3 minutes per match during which their opponents were in the lead in those matches. In home matches, Athletic Bilbao have taken the lead 15 times and have conceded an equalizer on 7 occasions, corresponding to a home lead-defending rate of 53% (for an opponents' equalizing rate of 47%). Of the 4 times that Athletic Bilbao's opponents have taken the lead when Athletic Bilbao were playing at home, Athletic Bilbao have managed to score an equalizer on 2 occasions, corresponding to a home equalizing rate of 50%. Avg. min. level 46.7 min. In this example, Athletic Bilbao have been in the lead for an average duration of 24.1 minutes per match played away (based on a 90-minute match duration), which is longer than the average duration of 19.2 minutes per match during which their opponents were in the lead in those matches. In away matches, Athletic Bilbao have taken the lead 10 times and have conceded an equalizer on 6 occasions, corresponding to an away lead-defending rate of 40% (for an opponents' equalizing rate of 60%). Of the 10 times that Athletic Bilbao's opponents have taken the lead when Athletic Bilbao were playing away, Athletic Bilbao have managed to score an equalizer on 3 occasions, corresponding to an away equalizing rate of 30%. Athletic Bilbao have been undefeated in their last 12 home matches. 35% of Athletic Bilbao's conceded goals occurred after the 75th minute. After 340 matches played in La Liga, a total of 880 goals have been scored (2.59 goals per match on average). The menus above provide access to league-level statistics and results analysis in the Spanish league, including La Liga results and scoring stats such as clean sheets, average goals scored and goals conceded.
0.950492	Q. What are currently considered "best practices" for high-quality, high-volume spay/neuter for community/feral/unsocial cats? In order to minimize the cat's stress during transport to a spay/neuter program, humane box traps are covered with a cloth. This reduces visual stimulation and calms the cat. It is best to use a light-weight cloth in warm weather and a heavier cloth when it is cold. Upon admission to the spay/neuter program, each cat is visually assessed to determine if any clinical signs of illness are present. Although spay/neuter may still be performed on cats who display minimal signs of disease (example: ocular discharge/sneezing from upper respiratory tract infection), the cat should be isolated from other cats and placed appropriately within the day's surgical schedule. It is best to utilize a pre-medication and anesthetic induction protocol that allows for injection of the cat while still in the humane box trap. A trap divider or "catacomb" is often utilized to isolate the cat in one part of the trap while the injection is given. The cat is monitored closely after anesthetic induction and is removed from the trap only after sedated. While there are many safe and effective anesthetic/analgesic protocols for spay/neuter of feral cats, an important component of all such protocols is the provision of multimodal pre-emptive analgesia. This involves the use of more than one pain control agent and the administration of an analgesic drug prior to the initial incision. These measures help to provide optimal pain management. After anesthesia but prior to spay/neuter, a veterinarian examines the cat. This allows for identification of any medical conditions that will need treatment (examples: umbilical hernia, fleas, abscess, ear mites, dehydration, etc.) or warrant postponement or cancellation of the surgery (examples: clinical signs of major illness such as jaundice, severe stomatitis, etc.). Regarding testing each cat for feline leukemia and feline immunodeficiency virus, it has been hypothesized that fewer cases of feline leukemia will ultimately result when financial resources are used to provide as many spays/neuters as feasible rather than testing for feline leukemia and removing those cats who test positive. Therefore, it is generally recommended that retrovirus testing NOT be performed on every healthy cat. For female cats, both ventral midline and flank incisions are considered to be acceptable. In order to avoid nicking a mammary gland, flank incisions may be particularly beneficial in those females who are lactating. Since cats will not have skin sutures removed at a later date, it is important that absorbable sutures be utilized. Suture material is used on one cat only and NOT soaked in antiseptic solution for use in subsequent cats. Unilateral "ear-tipping" has become the universally accepted standard for identifying free-roaming cats as spayed/neutered. Therefore, it is recommended that the distal tip of one pinna be surgically removed following spay/neuter. This can be seen from a distance and can save a cat from a return trip to the spay/neuter program. Rabies vaccines should be administered as mandated by state regulations. The 2006 American Association of Feline Practitioners Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel Report makes recommendations regarding administration of other feline vaccines in trap-neuter-return programs. It is important that all cats be vigilantly monitored in the immediate post-operative period. In order to minimize stress, once the cat is awake, with head up, and in sternal recumbency, his or her trap is partially covered with a cloth, so that monitoring of the cat can continue. It is important that caregivers receive written and verbal information regarding the care and feeding of cats in the days following surgery as well as a telephone number to call in case questions or concerns arise regarding the cat's recovery. Free-roaming cats are returned to the site of trapping as soon as they are fully recovered from anesthesia and it is determined that they are not showing any signs of post-operative complications (example: bleeding from the incision). For male cats this may be as soon as the day following surgery. Non-pregnant female cats may be ready for release 1 - 2 days following surgery. Cats who were pregnant at the time of surgery may need a bit more time to fully recover from the surgery and anesthesia. Morbidity and mortality statistics for community/feral cats who undergo spay/neuter are tracked in an effort to determine if any changes in medical protocols are warranted. It is ideal if a necropsy can be performed on any cat that dies during anesthesia, surgery, or in the immediate post-operative period. Q. Do you feel these best practices are being widely utilized, or can we do better? A. Generally, programs that spay and neuter community/feral cats serve as a valuable resource in their community. They strive to educate people about the humane management of this population of cats and provide an alternative to euthanasia. Many programs implement "best practices." It is ideal for all such organizations to continually seek out new information and implement progressive protocols that will benefit the cats that they serve. Q. How do you think the cats are impacted by non-use of intubation, difficulty monitoring during procedure, no follow-up beyond the day of surgery, and any other practices that are common to surgery on feral populations? A. Intubation requires training, practice, and patience and if not performed properly, can be harmful to the patient. Although some organizations prefer to intubate cats in order to maintain a patent airway, many spay/neuter programs operate successfully without routinely intubating cats during anesthesia. If feline patients are not routinely intubated, staff should be prepared to efficiently intubate a cat in an emergency situation. Community/feral cats can be monitored under anesthesia in ways similar to pet cats - their pulse quality/rate/rhythm, as well as respiratory rate/pattern, jaw tone, and eye position can be assessed throughout anesthesia. Various monitors can assist in gathering this important information. Community/feral cat caregivers are instructed to contact the spay/neuter program or an emergency veterinary hospital with any questions or concerns about the cat in the post-operative period. If a cat has any medical issues after release from a trap, an attempt to re-trap the cat is made so that he or she can receive proper medical care. The bottom line is that high-quality spay/neuter provides a means for the humane population management of community/feral cats. Any risks to the individual cat are generally far outweighed by the benefits provided to the population as a whole. Q. What are the procedures you'd most like to see implemented in all such programs, and what are the obstacles to that happening? A. It is essential that all spay/neuter programs provide adequate pain control for their patients. Providing analgesia is safe and beneficial for the patient as well as cost effective. It can be challenging for people (many of whom are volunteers) to concurrently coordinate spay/neuter programs for community/feral cats and obtain information related to "best practices." However, easily accessible webinars, regional conferences, and workshops allow people to obtain additional information and gain the confidence necessary to implement changes in their program. Post-mortem findings in 54 cases of anesthetic associated death in cats from two spay/neuter programs in New York State, Gerdin, J., et. Al. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 13, Issue 12, December 2011, pp 959-966. Response of feral cats to vaccination at the time of neutering, Fischer, S., et al, Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 230, No. 1, January 1, 2007. The Association of Shelter Veterinarians veterinary medical care guidelines for spay/neuter programs, Looney, A., et al, Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 233, No. 1, July 1, 2008. After graduating from the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, Dr. Makolinski worked as an associate veterinarian caring for small companion animals for five years. She then served as Director of Veterinary Services for a limited admission animal shelter. Since then, Makolinski co-founded and served as president of Feral Cat FOCUS, a community advocacy group for free-roaming cats. She also co-founded Operation PETS, a stationary spay/neuter clinic in Western New York. At the ASPCA, Makolinski consults with the Mobile Spay/Neuter Clinics and helps various communities implement and enhance high-quality, high-volume spay/neuter programs. To Test or Not to Test: Is Testing for FeLV and FIV in Feral Cats Always Necessary?
0.999906	Asking this question is like asking, "How do you learn best: through direct instruction or by exploring on your own?". You would probably say that both are important for learning, right? The same is true for your toddler. Both structured and free form play contribute significantly -- and in different ways -- to your child's development. Structured activities are a great way to introduce your toddler to new ideas. For example, shape- or colour-sorting toys, where your child must fit the blue triangle piece into the blue triangle-shaped hole, help him work on his matching and sorting skills. Another simple yet truly educational toy is a set of cups that nestle inside each other. Your toddler will learn the concept of bigger and smaller, and how to organise objects accordingly. But to truly master ideas like these, he needs to explore what happens when he tries different stacking combinations. He can benefit both from observing you and from exploring on his own. Once you've given him the materials he needs, let him head off in whatever direction he chooses -- don't feel you need to manage his play. Although it's fun to demonstrate new concepts to your tot, he should be able to decide what he wants to do with the information. For example, he may decide that rather than organise the nesting cups according to size, he'd rather fill them up with water or sand, then empty them (an activity that fascinates most toddlers). Or he may abandon the cups altogether in favour of piling up sand. Children use play to help them better understand the concepts and ideas that they find interesting, so they tend to be the best judge of how they should be playing. Of course, you can still set up your child's free playtime around specific concepts. If he seems interested in music, for example, set up a "one-man band" with pots and pans, a rattle, a child's drum, and anything else you can think of that's remotely musical, and let him go for it. If your child is a nature buff, get him a collecting jar, with holes punched in the lid, and help him find bugs and snails. With a little imagination, your child's unstructured playtime can offer a wealth of learning opportunities.
0.999999	You are given a following process. There is a platform with $ n $ columns. $ 1 \times 1 $ squares are appearing one after another in some columns on this platform. If there are no squares in the column, a square will occupy the bottom row. Otherwise a square will appear at the top of the highest square of this column. When all of the $ n $ columns have at least one square in them, the bottom row is being removed. You will receive $ 1 $ point for this, and all the squares left will fall down one row. You task is to calculate the amount of points you will receive. The first line of input contain 2 integer numbers $ n $ and $ m $ ( $ 1 \le n, m \le 1000 $ ) — the length of the platform and the number of the squares. The next line contain $ m $ integer numbers $ c_1, c_2, \dots, c_m $ ( $ 1 \le c_i \le n $ ) — column in which $ i $ -th square will appear. Print one integer — the amount of points you will receive. In the sample case the answer will be equal to $ 2 $ because after the appearing of $ 6 $ -th square will be removed one row (counts of the squares on the platform will look like $ [2~ 3~ 1] $ , and after removing one row will be $ [1~ 2~ 0] $ ). After the appearing of $ 9 $ -th square counts will be $ [2~ 3~ 1] $ , and after removing one row it will look like $ [1~ 2~ 0] $ . So the answer will be equal to $ 2 $ .
0.999949	In 2013, the manufacture, storage and sale of the chewable forms of tobacco, including gutka and pan masala, were banned by the Tamil Nadu government. TN Gutka scam case first surfaced in July 2016. In the multi-crore Gutka scam, the Central Bureau of Investigation today carried out raids at around 40 places in Tamil Nadu, including the homes of state Health Minister C Vijayabaskar and Director General of Police, TK Rajendran. Many other state government officials from health, food safety and police departments, including former police commissioner S George, are under the scanner for being involved in the illegal sale of gutka. In 2013, the manufacture, storage and sale of the chewable forms of tobacco, including gutka and pan masala, were banned by the Tamil Nadu government. It, however, continued to sell illegally across the state. What is the Gutka scam? The Gutka scam first surfaced in July 2016 when the income tax investigators raided the godown, offices and residences of Tamil Nadu-based tobacco businessmen over the evasion of taxes worth Rs 250 crore. During the raids at pan masala and gutka manufacturer Madhav Rao's home, the income tax department seized a diary that contained a list of names of politicians and senior police officers to whom the bribes were allegedly given by the gutka manucturers. After a petition by DMK legislator J Anbazhagan, the Madras High Court sent the case to the CBI in April. In May, the CBI registered an FIR against unidentified officials of the Tamil Nadu government, Central Excise Department and the Food Safety Department. The Opposition DMK has been demanding the sacking of the health minister and police officers for a fair investigation in the case.
0.939173	What is the London Stock Exchange? • The London Stock Exchange is a marketplace where investors come together to buy and sell stocks and other investment securities. Located in London, England the London Stock Exchange, as of December of 2010, has a market capitalization of roughly $3.65 U.S. dollars—a figure that makes the London Stock Exchange the fourth-largest exchange in the world. • The premise of the London Stock Exchange and investing in general arose when the need to finance war efforts and voyages became paramount. To reach China via the White and sea and for the East India Company to travel to India and east, the trading of stocks was utilized to spark business and fuel the economy. Unable to finance such lofty journeys in the private sector, English companies raised money by selling shares to merchants and wealthy citizens, giving these individuals a right to a portion of any profits they eventually made. • This idea of investing in a company quickly caught on; by 1695, England featured 140 joint-stock companies. During this time, the trading was centered in the City’s Change Alley, where investors and corporate executives would gather in coffee shops to exchange and affirm share purchases. To streamline the growing the operation the London Stock Exchange evolved and moved to its current premise, satiated in Paternoster Square near St. Paul’s Cathedral in downtown London. • In December of 2005, the London Stock Exchange rejected a 1.6 billion Euro takeover offered from the Macquarie Bank. Shortly after this rejection, the London Stock Exchange received an unsolicited offer from NASDAQ, which valued the London Stock Exchange at approximately 2.4 billion Euros. This offer (and additional offers by NASDAQ in the upcoming years), although significantly higher, was rejected yet again. That being said, a few weeks after the second rejection for a purchase, the London Stock Exchange’s largest investor sold 35.4 million shares at 11.75 pounds per share to Ameriprise Financial. NASDAQ also purchased a large chunk of the London Stock Exchange following this transaction; the London Stock Exchange was always a target for purchase in order to limit the Exchange’s strategic flexibility. • In February of 2011, the London Stock Exchange announced that they had agreed in principal to merge with the TMX group—the parent company of the Toronto Stock Exchange. This proposed deal would create an entity with a market capitalization of listed companies equal to nearly 4 trillion U.S. Dollars. • The London Stock Exchange has four primary areas: Equity Markets, Trading Services, Information Services and Derivatives. The London Stock Exchange’s normal trading hours are from 8:00 am to 4:30 pm every day of the week except holidays and weekends declared by the Exchange in advance. As of December of 2010, the London Stock Exchange is home to 2,713 companies.
0.999576	Short summary: Ethernet connections are no longer bottlenecks. The B315 delivers maximum speeds of LTE CAT4 150Mbps through its Gigabit Ethernet port. Ethernet connections are no longer bottlenecks. The B315 delivers maximum speeds of LTE CAT4 150Mbps through its Gigabit Ethernet port. The B315’s enhanced Wi-Fi extends wireless coverage and eliminates dead corners. It offers wireless access for up to 32 devices. The B315 lets you connect using prepaid 4G SIM cards. It also features a USB 2.0 port for HDD, flash drives, network storage devices and printers.

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