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Gorgeous Claudia here and her boyfriend are going on a romantic dinner date this very evening and the young lady would love to literally leave her date mouth-speed, impressing him with her utterly elegant, classy chic look. Would you help her achieve her goal? She's thinking about opting for a classy, sophisticated dark colored outfit, you know, but she still needs your help for putting it together. Start by pulling off a refined, polished ladylike make-up look for her, going either for a bold red lipstick or for several coats of mascara, eyeliner and rosy cheeks. Next, help Claudia try on some of her ladylike knee-length little black dresses, glaming them up with resplendent jewels and haute couture heels, then help her pair one of her chic black tops, ranging from wrapped to dazzling, sequined tops and fancy chic peplum tops, with long, chiffon skirts or elegant high-waist pants. A sophisticated hairdo and this lady in black will definitely make all the heads turn when stepping into the luxurious restaurant this evening!
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What is Alzheimer's disease? Alzheimer's disease is a disease that destroys brain cells. The destruction of cells causes a decline in mental functions that affects memory, thinking, language, and behavior. While the disease can occur in people in their 40s and 50s, it most commonly affects those 65 and older. In fact, about 1 in every 10 people over age 65 is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. For every 10 years of life after age 65, the frequency doubles (2 out of 10 over age 75, 4 out of 10 after 85, and so on). At any one time, about half of those with Alzheimer's are mildly impaired and the other half are severely impaired. Dementia is the most common cause of nursing home placement. Studies estimate that over 4 million Americans have Alzheimer's. How does it occur? Brain studies show that chemical and structural changes occur in the brain tissue of people with Alzheimer's disease. These changes interfere with a person's ability to process, store, and retrieve information. It is not known why these changes occur. Between 5% and 10% of people with Alzheimer's have forms of the disease called familial Alzheimer's. These people have a family history of the disease and show signs of the disease earlier in life, before age 65. Researchers have identified genes that are responsible for some of these forms of Alzheimer's in a small number of these families. What are the symptoms? The symptoms of Alzheimer's vary from person to person and change as the disease progresses. The first symptom is forgetfulness. Everyone begins to have some memory problems as they get older. For a person in the early stages of Alzheimer's, however, these problems are more noticeable than in others of the same age. Forgetting people's names or the location of familiar items is typical. The person's attention span becomes shorter and he or she has more difficulty concentrating. But at this stage of the disease, forgetfulness still has little impact on lifestyle or employment. After a while memory loss becomes more severe. Coworkers and friends notice the person's memory loss and difficulty understanding written material. The person may misplace or lose valuable objects. As the disease progresses the person can forget even major recent events and personal history and cannot handle financial matters. In general, recent memory is more severely affected than long-term memory. In later stages of Alzheimer's the person becomes disoriented and confused and can no longer remember major facts about him- or herself and others. Once-familiar objects and people become unfamiliar. Personality and emotional changes may occur. There may be delusions, hallucinations, anxiety, and loss of motivation. The person is often restless and active at night. Someone with Alzheimer's may not recognize the need for care and may resist help. At first, he or she can go to the bathroom and eat without help. But as brain function decreases, the ability to talk, move, or do any self-care is eventually lost. How is it diagnosed? A definite diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can be made only after death by an examination of the brain tissue. However, the diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease can be made after a careful medical history and physical exam. While there is no diagnostic test for Alzheimer's disease, formal memory testing can be helpful. Blood work and brain scans can help determine if there is a cause of the decline in brain function that can be treated. It is especially important to rule out the existence of a major depression, a treatable condition that can cause symptoms similar to Alzheimer's. How is it treated? There is no cure for Alzheimer's. The goal of treatment is to preserve mental and physical function as much and as long as possible. The best approach seems to include control of other illnesses, good nutrition, regular exercise, and appropriate activities. Medication is sometimes helpful. Some doctors believe medications such as tacrin (Cognex) and donepezil (Aricept) can be used early in Alzheimer's to slow the progression of memory loss. Both of these medications are expensive and have side effects that can be difficult to tolerate. More often other medicines may be used to help treat anxiety, depression, and misperceptions, or to restore a normal wake-sleep (day-night) cycle. Many people who have Alzheimer's are depressed, especially in the earlier stages. Most do not show sadness but more often show loss of pleasure and joy in life. When depression occurs in late stages of Alzheimer's, the person may be combative or agitated and may often refuse food and drink. Depression makes brain function much worse than it otherwise would be. Treatment for the depression is available and effective. Community resources are very important. The following services may be coordinated through the doctor's office or through the local county health department or visiting nurses association: Social workers identify and coordinate help, including possible financial aid. Home health care agencies provide the services of skilled professionals, such as nurses, medical social workers, and therapists (physical, occupational, speech, and respiratory). They also provide home health aides for personal care. Out-of-home services include adult day care centers; mental health services, including support groups for patients and family caregivers; transportation; and nursing homes. How long will the effects last? The brain function of a person who has Alzheimer's disease continues to get worse until the person dies. Death may occur after as few as 3 years or as long as 20 years after the disease is diagnosed. What can be done to help take care of a person with this disease? While still possible, the person with Alzheimer's disease should be involved in decision-making about the type and location of care he or she will receive. The fear of abandonment and embarrassment due to the loss of independence and ability to care for oneself are major issues for a person with Alzheimer's. He or she needs frequent, sincere reassurance. Caregivers, friends, and family, as well as the person with Alzheimer's, should join support groups as soon as possible after diagnosis of the disease. A delicate balance must be maintained between the needs of the person with Alzheimer's and the needs of the family caregivers. The caregivers will become emotionally and physically exhausted if no help or respite is available. In time, while the person with Alzheimer's is still competent to make legal decisions, he or she should execute a power of attorney for medical and financial matters, including a living will, if desired. A family attorney or doctor may have information or forms for these. For further information on coping with this disease, contact the Alzheimer's Association National Headquarters at (800) 272-3900. What can be done to help prevent Alzheimer's disease? Because the cause of Alzheimer's disease is unknown, there are no known ways to prevent it. However, major advances have been made recently in identifying the brain chemistry and cellular processes that appear to be involved. These discoveries raise hopes that a specific treatment or prevention strategy can be developed. Active research continues in the areas of early diagnosis and early treatment of mental decline. People who have a family history of Alzheimer's should see their doctor on a regular basis. Early diagnosis of the disease will allow them to take advantage of medical advances as they become available.
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Senior architects oversee other works on design and construction projects.
Senior architects usually have graduate-level credentials in architectural design and planning.
Senior architects may oversee a building's construction from start to completion.
Creating architectural blueprints is part of the craft of a senior architect.
Senior construction architects must have a strong understanding of engineering and construction.
A senior architect is a person who leads a team of architects throughout each phase of a building's design and construction. In most cases, the projects that a senior architect works on are complex and require him to have significant expertise. Along with expertise, it helps for him to have both interpersonal and leadership skills. While the specific projects that an individual works on can vary, those in this position generally have five primary job duties. These include assessing client needs, identifying potential risks, creating architectural blueprints, supervising other architects and overseeing the construction process.
Usually, the first phase of each project involves the senior architect assessing the needs of his client. At this time, he will meet with the client and discuss the overall ideas for the project. Information discussed often includes a building's layout, construction materials and price. Before taking any further steps, it's necessary for a senior architect and his client to be in agreement.
Once he has an understanding of a client's needs, it's usually necessary to identify any potential risks associated with the construction of a building. For example, a senior architect may have to experiment with different types of materials to ensure that a building is structurally sound. He may also need to factor in environmental risks, like earthquakes and hurricanes. Along with this, building permits must be obtained before any construction begins.
Before construction can commence, a senior architect will have to spend a considerable amount of time creating architectural blueprints. During the initial stages, he may draw blueprints on paper. For the latter stages, he will typically use a computer aided design (CAD) program to create more detailed blueprints. These will be used as a template for other architects.
Since the types of projects that he works on are often large in scale, a senior architect will often supervise a team of architects. It's his responsibility to provide his team with the guidance needed to draw up the finalized version of the blueprints. This can involve working one-on-one with team members or leading meetings.
Additionally, an individual in this position will usually oversee the entire construction process from beginning to end. This involves continually communicating with construction supervisors to ensure that everything goes according to plan. Consequently, a senior architect will often be required to travel to a construction site and provide guidance. If problems arise during construction, he may need to improvise and make the necessary changes.
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What is a guaranteed interest option?
A guaranteed interest option is an investment that guarantees a rate of return and also offers additional estate planning benefits as well as potential creditor protection.
A guaranteed interest options may be attractive to people who want to know exactly how much their investment will earn.
Canada Life’s guaranteed interest options are an effective way to protect your investments against market swings while earning a guaranteed return. As well, you can seamlessly pass on your investments upon death if you have selected a beneficiary. This can help you save on potential costs such as estate administration and probate fees.
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Follow people and groups that are most interesting to your needs.
Some groups to consider joining: Nonprofit Starter Pack - if you're using the NPSP Volunteers for Salesforce App - if you're using Volunteers for Salesforce About the Hub - keep up with what's happening in the HUB itself Auctions for Salesforce App - an excellent place to learn more about the Auctions App.
Try to find a group that fits your needs. If you're looking for an application for event management, join the Event group. If you're wondering if there is a group, just search -- I bet there is a group for that! People to follow, well, of course Ashima Saigal, but there are many super folks. Alicia Schmidt, Joni Martin, Kevin Bromer, Judi Sohn, Caroline Renard, David Habib... to name just a few.
Read questions asked before you.
Pick one topic you'd like to learn more about, and then dig into a group around that topic. Read what others have asked before, and see if the answers make sense for your situation. Keep in mind, an answer is typically picked if it's correct.
Check out the Knowledge Base on the Power of Us Hub to learn more about the various features in Cumulus.
With the release of Cumulus, you might be confused about what to do. The Nonprofit Starter Pack 3.0 Documentation is chock full of helpful information. The previous documentation is also available. This is a great resource for learning more.
Get help with basic questions with a live resource.
The most amazing resource, not used often enough by nonprofits, is the Salesforce Foundation's weekly office hours. It's available WEEKLY!
Pick a topic, any topic, and answer questions.
This is a good way to learn more and help others in the community.
When you learn something new about Salesforce, post that information online.
It's about community and helping others. You might think it's something everyone knows, but it can often spur an entire dialogue that can grow into something very interesting. That's what keeps a community vibrant: active participation!
I hope that this post will encourage you to get yourself involved as an active community member of the Power of Us HUB. The only way this community can thrive is with your participation.
You can also join the Database Sherpa group on the Power of Us HUB.
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The Penguin – Handmade Stories: handmade jewelry at its best.
Gold plated, silver plated and platinized bronze, semi-precious gems, wood, enamel and many other natural materials in inspiring designs, describe The Penguin handmade jewelry in a few words.
Nine different collections, nine original names inspired from known or less known penguin species, as well as parts of the planet they live: The Penguin jewelry can make a woman feel unique.
Effort, fantasy, artistry and lots of experimentation in materials and designs, conciliated in order for the handcrafts with the label “The Penguin – Handmade Stories” to be today in selected shops all over Greece and abroad, while the designer’s workshop and showroom itself, is located in Heraklio Attiki, 18A Plapouta Avenue.
However, up to this date the person behind The Penguin jewelry, Akrivi Stamatelopoulou, had to make many difficult decisions, in her attempt to follow her dreams. When she resigned in 2008 from her job as sound technician in a well known radio station, in order to get involved professionally with her creations, she opened the door to an unknown world.
Having created a reliable network of selected partners, in foundries, specialized craftsmen and more, The Penguin jewelry are designed and crafted with great attention to detail, keeping at the same time the rough character of a handmade creation, that makes them to distinguish.
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It's Easter, and I'm at work. Not like I'd be doing anything today, anyway. Maybe ridin'... But I rode my bike to work, and I'll have to ride it home, so I got some riding in, anyway.
I had a couple of wack dreams Friday night. The first dream was sexual in nature. The woman in the dream looked familiar. She had long, straight, dark hair, her skin was of the color that looks like a light tan, but you can tell it's her natural skin color. And her eyes... whoa! Her eyes were blue, and looked like stained-glass windows with a light shining behind them. She started to mount me, and I asked her if it was wrong for us to be together. That's when she told me, "God wouldn't have given you to me if it wasn't meant for us to be together." I woke up from that dream feeling good, and justified, and I have no idea why.
I had been asleep on the couch up until that point. I got up and went to my bed, and had another weird, although non-sexual dream. In the second dream, I was trying to find a place to stay, and this girl invited me to stay in an abandoned house on her parent's property. Her father said it was ok, as long as I was safe down there.
I guess I should explain how everything looked, and was situated in the dream. The girl's house was on the top of a hill. Towards the bottom of the hill, down a gravel driveway, was the place in which I was to stay. The girl's house had a carport on the left side, with an old looking Chevy Malibu from the '70s or late '60s parked in it. The place where I was staying was old and dusty, and somewhat cramped. It looked like it may have been a bunkhouse for hunters at some time. There were several bunkbeds. I only really remember 2 rooms from the place: The bedroom, which had the door leading outside, and another room that you had to step up to enter.
Shortly, I learned that there was a serial killer on the loose, and I told the girl I was afraid to be down there in that place by myself. She told me to mess the place up, and make it look like someone had broken in, and her dad would let me sleep on the couch in their house. So, from somewhere, I procured blood, and splashed it on the walls of the little bunkhouse. Apparently, after that, I went riding on my bike. When I pulled up to it after having taken a ride on my motorcycle, the dad was in the bunkhouse. He told me I couldn't stay in there anymore, because he was afraid the serial killer had used that place.
We went up to the main house, and I sat down on the couch. He disappeared into the other part of the house, and I sat watching TV in a small den area. I tried to get comfortable, and take a little nap. About the time I was about to fall asleep (remember, I'm dreaming this, and I'm falling asleep in my dream... that's just plain weird) the dad busts into the room, drunk. He starts in on the girl about something, and begins screaming at her. I was kinda afraid. Suddenly, I realize I'm the serial killer. The blood I had sprayed on the wall was from my victims. I couldn't believe it. The father didn't know. The girl didn't know. I woke up.
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Focal length is a number expressed in millimeters (mm) that indicates a lens’s field (angle) of view. A The number itself refers to the measured distance between the point where light converges (the nodal point) and the image plane (sensor) when a subject is in focus at infinity. In practical terms, a smaller or shorter focal length equals a wider angle of view, and a larger (longer) focal length is a narrower angle of view. For example, 16mm is considered a very wide angle focal length, while 400mm is very telephoto focal length.
To most photographers, the term "focal length" simply refers to a number on a lens that indicates how "wide" or "telephoto" that lens is. The higher the number, the more telephoto the lens.
However, the term itself does correlate to a specified "length of focus", and to understand this number we have to understand how a lens itself works, both in theory and in practice.
A lens' purpose is to focus light very sharply at a specific point behind that lens, like a magnifying glass focusing sunlight on a piece of paper a short distance behind it.
Camera lenses, however, have multiple glass elements and an aperture iris, which are all used in conjunction to sharply project a scene onto the image sensor inside the camera.
Of course an astute photographer will point out, those blue lines sure don't look very wide-angle, and that lens is in fact an ultra-wide-angle zoom! Is that diagram wildly inaccurate?
Indeed, each of the glass elements in a modern lenses will bend light in one direction or another. There are two reasons for this: first, to create a flat plane of focus instead of a curved one, and second, to create enough empty space behind the rearmost lens element to fit a shutter, and in the case of SLR cameras, a mirror.
This next diagram is also inaccurate compared to the actual optical formula of the particular lens, however it depicts the general concept of a multi-element lens construction: Light may enter the first element of the lens at a very sharp angle, and "bend" to a more manageable angle as it travels through the lens. In other words, if you wanted to create an 11mm lens on a 35mm full-frame sensor, with just one piece of glass, then yes, the nodal point of that lens would need to be 11mm away from the surface of the sensor, which is impossible on many cameras, and impractical or at least sub-optimal on all cameras.
Therefore, optics are used to bend light in a way that moves the nodal point forward away from the sensor, making the focal length distance purely theoretical.
This is why, in modern photography, a listed focal length is merely used to indicate that lens' angle of view when focused at infinity. A 50mm lens has a 46.8 degree angle of view. A 24mm lens has an 84 degree angle of view, while a 200mm lens has a 12.3mm angle of view. The two numbers are always inversely proportional.
Unfortunately, the listed focal length of a lens does not always perfectly correspond with an exact angle of view, at normal shooting distances. Many lenses change their angle of view slightly when they are focused closer than infinity, and some lenses change their angle of view by a very noticeable amount. Therefore, some photographers measure the "true" angle of view when focusing on a subject at the distances they normally shoot at, such as 5ft or 10ft from the lens.
For example, many professional 70-200mm zoom lenses, when focused at 200mm and very close distances, actually give an angle of view that is much shorter, along the lines of 105-150mm.
Does your lens choice matter when it comes to creating flawless portraits?
Acclaimed wedding photographer Cliff Mautner shows us a great example of how lens choice can really change the look of your bridal images.
This is a great little app that will help you to understand and visualize depth of field across different focal lengths, formats, and apertures.
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Nutrients in coastal environments come from various sources - through rivers, groundwater or atmospheric deposition. The main species - Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Silicon - undergo different transformation processes and states.
On a global scale, riverine inputs of N and P to coastal seas have possibly increased by factors of 2 to 3 , ,. Agriculture, in the form of fertilizers, leachates and animal wastes, is the largest contributor of N and P in aquatic systems . Other major inputs include point-source discharges of wastewater from urban sewer networks , and industrial wastes. The direct discharge of P exchanged with soils and sediments also contributes significantly to the budget of this element.
Riverine Si fluxes, originating predominantly from weathering, have generally been altered little by human activity .
However, human management of rivers has, in some cases, altered the Si fluxes extensively , often leading to a reduction in diatom blooms as a result of damming.
The direct discharge of groundwater into the ocean, termed submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), has been recently recognized as an additional pathway of nutrients from the land to coastal waters,. On a global scale, SGD rates vary between 0.01-10 % of river runoff. However, the concentrations of nutrients in groundwater are typically higher than those in coastal and river waters,,,,. Therefore, in terms of fluxes, such high concentrations can compensate for the relatively low SGD rates. At the local scale, SGD of nutrients is a prominent transport pathway, particularly in enclosed bays, karstic and fractured systems (e.g., Hawaii), or at locations where rivers are small or non-existent (e.g., Yucatan peninsula).
Atmospheric deposition is a significant source of N compounds to the coastal zone, particularly in summer and autumn, but is only a minor source of Si and P,,. Nitrogen delivered by the atmospheric pathway can be either in the oxidized or reduced form . For instance, atmospheric deposition amounts to 30% of the total land based nitrogen input to the North Sea, mainly as oxidized N, and 50% to the Baltic Sea . The N:Si:P ratio for wet deposition in the North Sea is 503:2:1 .
Nutrients are significantly altered by biogeochemical processes during their transport along the land-ocean transition zone, especially in estuarine systems. Figure 1 summarizes the major N sources and transformation processes in an estuary. Estuaries are usually turbid, and hence primary production is often limited by light availability. Light conditions generally improve towards the coastal zone and primary production becomes a dominant process in controlling the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients.
Sediments cover most of the seabed and hence most of the earth. Recycling of carbon and nutrients within this habitat (both subtidally and intertidally) is critical both at small and large scales. The availability of essential nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and metals is essential for life. Processes that aid nutrient cycling are crucial to ecosystem functioning, as this increases the availability of nutrients and thus maintains productivity of the system. For example, in the marine benthic environment, bioturbation by marine worms, mainly through burrowing in the sediment, moves nutrients from deep sediment layers to the surface and vice versa (Fig. 1). Nutrient cycling is also maintained through processes such as ingestion and excretion of materials by organisms e.g. fish mineralise nitrogen and phosphorus through excretion.
N species in aquatic environments include dissolved (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, organic N) and particulate (organic N) constituents . The removal of N occurs by deposition and permanent burial in sediments and, most importantly, loss to the atmosphere by bacterial denitrification. This process is coupled with organic matter decomposition and reduces nitrate to gaseous N2/N2O under anoxic conditions. Part of the nitrate pool originates from coupled nitrification/denitrification, in which the ammonium produced from organic matter degradation is first oxidized to nitrate, and subsequently denitrified . In temperate and tropical estuaries the estimated loss of nitrate N via denitrification varies widely, and also varies in time and space within estuaries , . Because denitrification requires low oxygen concentrations, this process is particularly important in muddy sediments , . It is also quantitatively more important in ecosystems characterized by relatively long residence times . In groundwater systems, the nitrate supplied either by infiltrating water or produced through nitrification , is also commonly removed through denitrification. As in surface estuaries, a set of conditions, namely the presence of labile organic matter, a low redox potential and sufficient time for reaction, are prerequisite for effective denitrification to occur. However, field studies often report only limited nitrate removal prior to discharge to coastal waters primarily due to a lack of labile dissolved organic matter , ,, as is the case in many shallow groundwater aquifers or sandy nearshore sediments, or due to high groundwater velocities, .
P species in aquatic systems include dissolved (inorganic, organic P) and particulate (inorganic, organic P) constituents . The retention of P in the land-ocean transition zone is often attributed to adsorption on solid particles, which are constantly trapped in estuarine sediments , or forms part of the solid matrix in coastal aquifers. However, in the case of very large rivers that discharge directly in the continental shelf, P retention in the mixing zones between freshwater and seawater will be limited . Adsorption onto solids such as iron and aluminum oxides is particularly effective , , and thus may be also coupled to the redox conditions . For instance, removal of P is very efficient in subterranean estuaries characterized by zones of iron oxide accumulation, (“Iron Curtains” , ). The behavior of P in estuarine systems is also influenced by the strong physico-chemical gradients, which result from the variations in pH, ionic strength and solution composition between the freshwater and seawater end-members (e.g. , , ). The removal of P can occur through bacterial reduction of phosphate to gaseous phosphine. However, little is known on the rate of phosphate-phosphine transformation and its contribution to overall P cycling , .
Tidal and marginal sediments are considered important sinks of N and P, although a quantitative estimation of their role remains uncertain ,. ,. . On the global scale, it is generally accepted that intertidal sediments are more efficient for P burial than for N .
Relevant Si species in the aquatic environments include dissolved Si (DSi), mainly as undissociated monomeric silicic acid, Si(OH)4, and particulate Si (biogeneic silica, BSiO2), which includes the amorphous silica in both living biomass and biogenic detritus in surface waters, soils and sediments. The main transformation processes are the uptake of DSi and the biomineralisation as BSiO2 in plants and organisms, as well as the dissolution of BSiO2 back to DSi. Over sufficiently long time scales, BSiO2 may undergo significant chemical and mineralogical changes , even including a complete diagenetic transformation of the opaline silica into alumino-silicate minerals. .
The major producers of BSiO<sub<2 in marine environments are diatoms. However, other organisms such as radiolarians, sponges and chrysophytes may be important local sources of BSiO2 . Large quantities of DSi are also fixed on land by higher plants, forming amorphous silica deposits, known as phytoliths . Their role in the Si cycle has only recently been studied , . In general, riverine Si fluxes have been much less altered by human activity than those of N and P. However, increased damming of major rivers has promoted siliceous phytoplankton blooms , , and therefore, reduced Si fluxes to the coastal zone. For example, the damming of the Danube has reduced the DSi concentration by more than 50%.
↑ 1.0 1.1 Howarth, R., H. Jensen, R. Marino, and H. Postma, in Phosphorus in the Global Environment:Transfers, Cycles and Management, H. Tiessen, Ed., Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment 54. (Wiley, New York, 1995), pp. 323–356.
↑ Duce, R., P.S. Liss, J.T. Merrill, E.L. Atlas, P. Buat-Menard, B.B. Hicks, J.M. Miller, J.M. Prospero, R. Arimoto, T.M. Church,. W. Ellis, J.N. Galloway, L. Hansen, T.D. Jickells, A.H. Knap, K.H. Reinhardt, B. Schneider, A. Soudine, J.J. Tokos, S. Tsunogai, R. Wollast, and M. Zhou (1991), The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 5, 193-296.
↑ Billen, G., J. Garnier, J. Nemery, M. Sebilo, A. Sferratore, S. Barles, P. Benoit, and M. Benoit (2007), A long-term view of nutrient transfers through the Seine river continuum, Science of the Total Environment 375, 80-97.
↑ European Environment Agency (1999), Nutrients in European Ecosystems. Environmental Assessment Report No. 4, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, pp. 156.
↑ Billen, G., C. Lancelot, and M. Meybeck (1991), N, P and Si retention along the aquatic continuum from land to ocean. Ocean Margin Processes in Global Change, R.F.C Mantoura, J.-M. Martin, and R. Wollast, Eds. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.), pp. 19-44.
↑ 8.0 8.1 Johannes, R.E. (1980), The ecological significance of the submarine discharge of groundwater, Marine Ecology-Progress Series 3, 365-373.
↑ Capone, D.G., and M.F. Bautista (1985), A groundwater source of nitrate in nearshore marine sediments, Nature 313, 214 216.
↑ Church, T.H. (1996), An underground route for the water cycle, Nature 380, 579-580.
↑ Valiela, I., J. Costa, K. Foreman, J. Teal, B. Howes, and D. Aubrey (1990), Groundwater-borne inputs from watersheds to coastal waters, Biogeochemistry 10, 177-198.
↑ Dollar, S.J., and M.J. Atkinson (1992), Effects of nutrient subsidies from groundwater to nearshore marine ecosystems off the island of Hawaii, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 35, 409-424.
↑ Moore, W.S. (1996), Large groundwater inputs to coastal waters revealed by 226Ra enrichments, Nature 380, 612-614.
↑ Uchiyama, Y., K. Nadaoka, P. Rolke, K. Adachi, and H. Yagi (2000), Submarine groundwater discharge into the sea and associated nutrient transport in a sandy beach, Water Resources Research 36, 1467-1479.
↑ Garrison, G.H., C.R. Glenn, and G.M. McMurty (2003), Measurement of submarine groundwater discharge in Kahana Bay, O’ahu, Hawaii, Limnology and Oceanography 48, 920-928.
↑ Hanshaw, B.B., and W. Back (1980), Chemical mass-wasting of the northern Yucatan Peninsula by groundwater dissolution, Geology 8, 222-224.
↑ Conley D.J., C.L. Schelske, and E.F. Stoermer (1993), Modification of the biogeochemical cycle of silica with eutrophication, Marine Ecology-Progress Series 101, 179–192.
↑ Conley D.J., P. Stalnacke, H. Pitkanen, and A. Wilander (2000), The transport and retention of dissolved silicate by rivers in Sweden and Finland, Limnology and Oceanography 45, 1850–1853.
↑ Galloway J., W. Chlesinger, H. Levy, A. Michaels, and J. Schnoor (1995), Nitrogen fixaton: Anthropogenic enhancement and environmental response, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9, 235-252.
↑ North Sea Task Force (1993), North Sea Quality Status Report, Oslo and Paris Commissions, London. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark.
↑ Rendell, A. R., Ottley, C. J., Jickells, T. D. & Harrison, R. M. Tellus 45, 53−63 (1993).
↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Tappin, A.D. (2002), An Examination of the Fluxes of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Temperate and Tropical Estuaries: Current Estimates and Uncertainties, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 55, 885-901.
↑ Barnes, J., and N.J.P. Owens (1998), Denitrification and nitrous oxide concentrations in the Humber Estuary, UK, and adjacent coastal zones, Marine Pollution Bulletin 37, 247–26.
↑ Dong, L.F., D.C.O. Thornton, D.B. Nedwell, and G.J.C. Underwood (2000), Denitrification in sediments of the River Colne estuary, England, Marine Ecology Progress Series 203, 109–122.
↑ Seitzinger, S.P. 1988. Denitrification in freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems: ecological and geochemical importance. Limnology and Oceanography 33:702-724.
↑ Malcolm, S.J. and Sivyer, D.B., 1997. Nutrient recycling in intertidal sediments. in Jickells, T. and Rae, J.E. (Eds) Biogeochemistry of Intertidal Sediments. Cambridge University Press, pp. 59–83.
↑ Nixon, S.W. (1995), Coastal marine eutrophication: A definition, social causes, and future concerns, Ophelia 41, 199–219.
↑ Nowicki, B.L., E. Requintina, D. van Keuren, and J. Portnoy (1999), The role of sediment denitrification in reducing groundwater-derived nitrate inputs to Nauset Marsh Estuary, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, Estuaries 22, 245-259.
↑ Starr, R.C., and R.W. Gillham (1993), Denitrification and organic-carbon availability in two aquifers, Ground Water 31, 934–947.
↑ Slater, J.M., and D.G. Capone (1987), Denitrification in aquifer soil and nearshore marine sediments influenced by groundwater nitrate, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, 1292-1297.
↑ DeSimone, L.A., and B.L. Howes (1996), Denitrification and nitrogen transport in a coastal aquifer receiving wastewater discharge, Environmental Science and Technology 30, 1152-1162.
↑ Capone, D.G., and J.M. Slater (1990), Interannual patterns of water-table height and groundwater derived nitrate in nearshore sediments, Biogeochemistry 10, 277-288.
↑ Giblin, A.E., and A.G. Gaines (1990), Nitrogen inputs to a marine embayment: The importance of groundwater, Biogeochemistry 10, 309-328.
↑ Jickells, T.D., T.H. Blackburn, J.O. Blanton, D. Eisma, S.W. Fowler, R.F.C. Manroura, C.S. Martens, A. Moll, R. Scharek, K.I. Suzu, and D. Vaulot (1991), What determines the fate of material within ocean margins? Ocean Margin Processes in Global Change, R.F.C Mantoura, J.-M. Martin, and R. Wollast, Eds. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.), pp. 211–234.
↑ Milliman, J.D. (1991), in Ocean Margin Processes in Global Change, R.F.C Mantoura, J.-M. Martin, and R. Wollast, Eds. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.), pp. 69–90.
↑ Krom, M.D., and R.A. Berner (1980), Adsorption of phosphate in anoxic marine sediments, Limnology and Oceanography 25, 797-806.
↑ Frossard, E., M. Brossard, M.J. Hedley, and A. Metherell (1995), Reactions controlling the cycling of P in soils. Phosphorus in the global environment, H. Tiessen, Ed. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.), pp. 107-138.
↑ Spiteri, C., C.P. Slomp, K. Tuncay, and C. Meile (2007), Modeling biogeochemical processes in subterranean estuaries: The effect of flow dynamics and redox conditions on submarine groundwater discharge, Water Resources Research, doi:10.1029/2007WR006071.
↑ Charette, M.A., and E.R. Sholkovitz (2002), Oxidative precipitation of groundwater-derived ferrous iron in the subterranean estuary of a coastal bay, Geophysical Resources Letters 29, art. no.-1444.
↑ Spiteri, C., P. Regnier, C.P. Slomp, and M.A. Charette (2006), pH-Dependent iron oxide precipitation in a subterranean estuary, Journal of Geochemical Exploration 88, 399-403.
↑ Froelich, P.N. (1988), Kinetic control f dissolved phosphate in natural rivers and estuaries: A primer o the phosphate buffer mechanism, Limnology and Oceanography 33, 649-668.
↑ Lebo, M.E. (1991), Particle-bound phosphorus along an urbanized coastal plain estuary, Marine Chemistry 34, 225-246.
↑ Van der Zee, C., N. Roevros, and L. Chou (2007), Phosphorus speciation, transformation and retention in the Scheldt estuary (Belgium/The Netherlands) from the freshwater tidal limits to the North Sea, Marine Chemistry doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2007.01.003.
↑ Gassman, G. (1994) Phosphine in the fluvial and marine hydrosphere, Marine Chemistry 45, 197–205.
↑ Carpenter, K. (1997) A critical appraisal of the methodology used in studies of material flux between saltmarshes and coastal waters. Biogeochemistry of Intertidal Sediments, T.D. Jickells, and J.E. Rae, Eds. (Cambridge University Press), pp. 59–83.
↑ Ruddy, G., C. M. Turley, and T.E.R. Jones (1998a), Ecological interaction and sediment transport on an intertidal mudflat I. Evidence for a biologically mediated sediment-water interface. Sedimentary Processes in the Intertidal Zone, K.S. Black, D.M. Paterson, and A. Cramp, Eds. Geological Society of London Special Publications 139, pp. 135–148.
↑ Ruddy, G., C.M. Turley, and T.E.R. Jones (1998b), Ecological interaction and sediment transport on an intertidal mudflat II. An experimental dynamic model of the sediment-water interface. Sedimentary Processes in the Intertidal Zone. K.S. Black, D.M. Paterson, and A. Cramp, Eds. Geological Society of London Special Publications 139, pp. 149–166.
↑ Howarth, R., H. Jensen, R. Marino, and H. Postma, Phosphorus in the Global Environment:Transfers, Cycles and Management, H. Tiessen, Ed., Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment 54. (Wiley, New York, 1995), pp. 323–356.
↑ Van Cappellen, P., S. Dixit, and J. van Beusekom (2002), Biogenic silica dissolution in the oceans: Reconciling experimental and field-based dissolution rates, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16, 1075, doi:10.1029/2001GB001431.
↑ Michalopoulos, P., R.C. Aller, and R.J. Reeder (2000), Conversion of diatoms to clays during early diagenesis in tropical, continental shelf muds, Geology 28, 1095-1098.
↑ Piperno, D.L. (1998), Phytolith analysis. An archaeological and geological perspective. London: Academic Press.
↑ Bartoli, F. (1983), The biogeochemical cycle of silicon in two temperate forest ecosystems, Ecological Bulletins (Stockholm) 35, 469–476.
↑ Meunier, J.D., F. Colin, and C. Alarcon (1999), Biogenic silica storage in soils, Geology 27, 835-838.
↑ 57.0 57.1 Humborg, C., V. Ittekot, A. Cociosu, and B. v. Bdungen (1997), Effect of Danube River dam on Black Sea biogeochemistry and ecosystem structure, Nature 386, 385 – 388.
This page was last modified on 8 December 2018, at 17:47.
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A high salt diet is known to increase the risk of hypertension. A recent review concludes that consuming adequate potassium levels might be just as important for maintaining a healthy blood pressure.
It is well-known that foods high in potassium help to keep blood pressure in normal range.
High blood pressure (or hypertension) is a silent killer. Worldwide, it affects an estimated 1 billion people. Approximately 75 million of these live in the United States - totaling around 1 in 3 people.
The World Health Organization (WHO) calculates that hypertension is behind 51 percent of stroke-related deaths and 45 percent of heart disease deaths.
Studies over recent years have clearly demonstrated that eating a diet high in salt (and therefore sodium), such as the standard Western diet, can lead to hypertension.
This most recent review, published in American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, shows that high sodium intake is not the only important dietary factor; potassium also has a vital role to play.
Potassium, an electrolyte, is necessary for nerves to transport messages and for muscles to contract. It keeps the heart beating and helps to ship nutrients into cells and remove cellular waste. Potassium also assists in the maintenance of healthy bones and reduces the risk of kidney stones.
The author of the current review, Alicia McDonough, Ph.D., professor of cell and neurobiology at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, sums up her findings: "Decreasing sodium intake is a well-established way to lower blood pressure, but evidence suggests that increasing dietary potassium may have an equally important effect on hypertension."
Her review explores the links between potassium, sodium, and the sodium-potassium ratio, delving into a range of studies in the field and drawing conclusions about potassium's benefits.
The investigation included interventional and population studies, as well as research into the molecular mechanisms involved.
McDonough found a number of population studies demonstrating that higher dietary potassium, as rated by urinary excretion or dietary recall, was generally associated with lower blood pressure, regardless of the level of sodium intake.
Other studies looking specifically at potassium supplements gave similar findings.
Beyond population studies, McDonough looked at sodium-potassium research in rodent models to help explain the potential mechanisms behind this interaction. It seems that the body uses sodium to keep a check on potassium blood levels.
"When dietary potassium is high, kidneys excrete more salt and water, which increases potassium excretion. Eating a high potassium diet is like taking a diuretic."
Her conclusion, in a nutshell, is that potassium is vital for keeping blood pressure within a normal range. Sodium is still a key player, but simply reducing salt intake alone may not be enough to control hypertension.
McDonough explains that raising potassium levels in the diet will require a conscious effort. As humans evolved, they ate a great deal of fruits, vegetables, roots, beans, and grains, all of which provide an ample supply of potassium. However, sodium was less easy to come by and, therefore, we evolved to crave salt. Our natural desire for salt has since been satisfied by the food industry, who mix more than we require into processed foods.
At the same time, potassium levels in our diets have steadily dropped as we move away from fresh fruit and vegetables.
As McDonough says: "If you eat a typical Western diet, your sodium intake is high, and your potassium intake is low. This significantly increases your chances of developing high blood pressure."
How much potassium should we consume?
The authors of the paper explain that, because our bodies evolved to deal with a low sodium, high potassium diet, "consuming a surfeit of dietary potassium" is a "good strategy."
According to a 2004 Institute of Medicine report, adults are advised to consume at least 4.7 grams of potassium each day in order to lower blood pressure. This level of consumption, they say, will diminish the effects of salt and reduce kidney stones risk, as well as bone loss.
McDonough recommends that potassium content be added to food labels to help the public to make better-informed decisions about their potassium consumption.
Because the review takes into account a range of studies, the findings are compelling. Further research will, no doubt, draw a clearer picture of how sodium and potassium interact to keep blood pressure at healthy levels. However, the findings of the paper make familiar conclusions, as the authors write: "Medical communities, [former] First Lady Michelle Obama, and common sense tell us to eat more fruits and vegetables and to get regular exercise to optimize our health."
Learn how potassium-rich diets could protect the kidneys of people with diabetes.
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WASHINGTON (AllPolitics, Feb. 27) -- Americans are equally divided over whether President Bill Clinton was right or wrong to invite contributors to spend the night in the White House's Lincoln Bedroom, according to a new USA Today/CNN/Gallup Poll.
Asked whether it was wrong to use the Lincoln Bedroom in that manner, 42 percent of people surveyed said it was all right, while 42 percent said it was wrong.
The survey was based on interviews Wednesday evening with 627 people. The poll has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus four percentage points.
But once again, a majority of Americans are willing to overlook potential wrongdoing when evaluating Clinton as president. Asked whether they think the issue was relevant to Clinton's character and ability to serve as president, 53 percent said it was not, compared to 39 percent who said it was.
Question: Do you think that Clinton's use of the White House in this manner was worse than what recent presidents of both parties have done to raise campaign funds, or was it typical of what recent presidents of both parties have done?
Question: How do you feel about Clinton's role in fund-raising for the Democratic Party? Do you feel angry, disappointed but not angry, pleased, or don't you care one way or the other?
Question: Which comes closer to your opinion: (a) An independent counsel should be appointed to investigate Clinton's fund-raising activities, or (b) Enough is already being done by Congress and the Justice Department to investigate Clinton's fund-raising activities?
Question: What do you think the Clinton Administration was trying to do when it invited major contributors to stay overnight in the Lincoln Bedroom -- (a) it was mostly thanking them for their support in the past, or (b) it was mostly trying to get them to contribute funds to the 1996 presidential campaign.
Question: Which comes closer to your opinion: (a) Clinton is trying to cover up what he really did in his fund-raising activities, or (b) Clinton is cooperating as much as possible in letting the public know what he did in his fund-raising activities?
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Whenever I turn on my laptop after several hours of not using it, it boots up but doesn't detect the discrete graphics card, only the integrated one. But if I shut down the laptop and turn it back on, it detects the discrete and also integrated graphics again. Every day I am forced to boot my laptop twice in order for me to use the 7970m graphics and its getting annoying. I have all stock drivers from the Dell website, and have also tried other graphics drivers and I still have this problem. TL;DR: Discrete GPU not detected on first boot up after several hours of being off, but is detected after shut down and booted up again.
I did the FN+F7 before and had only the 7970m on. The only problem was that if the laptop was turned on after several hours of it being off, the screen would just be black and I would get 8 beeps. I fixed this by removing the Discrete graphics card and booting it up with the Integrated one and then installed the 7970m back in once it was using the Integrated one.
Please uninstall the video drivers from control panel. You may refer to article Here for correct way of installing video drivers. Ensure that you install the Intel driver first followed by ATI driver.
Ive done several driver installs after I have completely reformated my laptop but the problem still persists. Any other advice?
Also, whenever I leave my laptop in sleep mode for several of hours and turn it back on, everything lights up but the screen stays black and nothing happens then I have to shut it off via the power button.
I am replying on behalf of DELL-Sundeep B. Please try to update the system BIOS and check if the issue persists. Here is the link http://dell.to/11CiMdI.
*Battery is 10%> or >10% charged.
*Battery charger should be connected.
*No external devices (flash drives, printers, external hard drives) should be connected.
*All other programs should be closed and documents saved.
Please refer to the section How to update the system BIOS mentioned in this link http://dell.to/11VOtF2.
I have been told to do that twice now when I called into tech support and the issue is still here. I was told that if that didn't work, then I would have to get the Graphics Card and/or the motherbkard replaced.
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0.999996 |
Article: How do faxes work and can I send free faxes?
Unfortunately sending faxes is not free, however, affordable charges do apply and you can set your email to fax, or PC to fax service once you have activated your free fax to email service.
You receive a premium rate 086 number, issued by Telkom. Although Telkom does not provide you with the fax to email service, Telkom will supply the service provider with the 086 fax number. The service provider iwll then route your 086 faxes through their servers, convert the fax into a TIFF image or PDF file.
Early fax machines, which were very similar to today's fax machines, had a revolving wheel (or drum) which pushed the paper through the machine.
Early fax machines used a simple technique: If the spot of paper that the photo cell was looking at were white, the fax machine would send one tone; if it were black, it would send a different tone. For example, it might have sent an 800-Hertz tone for white and a 1,300-Hertz tone for black.
At the receiving end, there would be a similar rotating-drum mechanism, and some sort of marker to mark on the paper. When the receiving fax machine heard a 1,300-Hertz tone it would apply the pen to the paper, and when it heard an 800-Hertz tone it would take the pen off the paper.
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The prehistory of China even predates the rise of modern man. Zhoukoudian, outside of Beijing, was the site of the famous Homo Erectus fossils known as Peking Man. Although the site can be visited today, the original fossils disappeared during World War II.
Chinese civilization rose in the Yangzi and Yellow River Valleys. Banpo Village near Xi'an is the site of a neolithic village. Early artifacts and skeletons can be viewed in museums around China.
China started to come together as a nation after 700 B.C. At that time, China was divided into several kingdoms, and philosophies about governing flourished. During the period known as the Spring and Autumn period, Confucius (Kong zi) and Lao Tsu (Lao Zi), the founder of Taoism, lived.
It was just before 200 B.C. that the Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi unified China under a brief, brutal reign. The name China used in the west probably comes from the name Qin, which is pronounced similarly to the English word "chin". The famous Terracotta army near Xi'an guard the tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi. The tomb itself lies in a large earth mound that has not yet been opened.
Many dynasties followed. Buddhism came to China during the Han dynasty. Among the most important dynasties were the Tang and Song. Marco Polo would have visited China in the Song, though scholars debate whether or not he actually ever reached China.
The Mongols conquered China in the thirteenth century A.D. and created their capital at Beijing. The Ming dynasty returned rule of China to the Han Chinese, who ruled for several centuries and rebuilt much of the Great Wall as it is seen today in hopes of preventing another barbarian invasion from the north. The wall failed. In 1644, Manchu's from the Northeast invaded and conquered China, establishing the last Imperial dynasty that ruled China until 1911, when the Republic of China was founded. Most of the traditional architecture that can be seen in China today is from the Qing Dynasty. Because most Imperial buildings and temples in China were built of wood, they often burned down and few older buildings have survived.
Between 1911 and 1949, China was largely controlled by feuding warlords. Japan took over control of Manchuria in the 1930s and invaded other parts of Eastern China throughout the remainder of the Second World War. During and following the war, the Communists and Nationalists vied for control of China. Following a bitter Civil War, the triumphant Communists declared the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Mao Zedong ruled China from 1949 until his death in 1976. During that period, the country attempted to modernize and implement Communism very rapidly through movements such as the Great Leap Forward. Land was taken from wealthy landlords, redistributed to peasants, and then reclaimed by the state collectives. During the Cultural Revolution, Mao launched an attack against officials of the Communist Party and traditional thinking. During this chaotic period many historical artifacts and temples were damaged and destroyed, people were imprisoned, beaten, and killed, and Mao was worshipped as if a god.
In 1978, Deng Xiaoping wrested control of China from Mao's chosen successor Hua Guofeng, and began a period of pragmatic economic reforms. In the following decades, China reopened to the outside world and the economy flourished. Strict political control was retained, and challenges crushed. Most notoriously, student protesters were killed on or near Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989 following two months of protests on the square. Members of the religious group Falun Gong also have been severely repressed following a protest outside of the government compound, Zhongnanhai, demanding official recognition as a legal religious group.
The biggest and most widespread general trends of economic reform while retaining strict, one-party rule have continued under the Presidencies of Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao. The development of China's Eastern cities continues at a dizzying pace.
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Do you know your lakes from your streams when it comes to big data?
'Data lakes' and 'data streams' are becoming increasingly common analogies in the discussion on big data strategies. As in nature, both lakes and streams have their individual characteristics and are each important to the overall ecosystem. The question is: how do they relate to each other in the context of big data, and how can we best use them for better business outcomes?
Data lakes represent large pools of data that have accumulated over time. In the same way that man-made lakes are formed by the construction of a dam to store water for later use, data lakes are formed by a deluge of information being diverted into a large repository, where it can be held for a long period of time until needed.
Lakes by their very nature are dependent on being fed by new water flowing into them, to keep the environment vibrant, otherwise the lake could stagnate. Similarly, data lakes must be constantly enriched by current flows of information, in order to assure that the overall data set remains relevant.
However, this means that the storage capacity of the lake must be continually expanded to accommodate all of the new data being added to it. This presents a tough challenge – namely how best to analyse these vast bodies of information meaningfully, without getting bogged down in irrelevant data.
One way of thinking about meaningful analysis from a data lake is like fishing for a particular type of fish. If you only use a single fishing rod, then your chances of catching that one specific fish is small, unless you spend a significant amount of time and effort.
But by using a wide net, you can increase your chances, by covering a larger area at once. However, bound up with any catch, there is a high probability of a lot of extraneous material along with the data that is most relevant, so you have to spend even more time sorting through the insights.
In both cases, the fact that you are only fishing in one area means that you could miss new input that may be flowing into a different area. As such, there is a strong possibility of missing new data or information that could have changed the analysis.
This is not to say that data lakes are not useful, just that their use must be tailored to their characteristics. As a result of their vast nature, data lakes are best used in situations where a lot of historical perspective is required, such as in cases where trends need to be examined over a longer period of time.
Data streams on the other hand, involve a fundamentally different approach to analysis than data lakes.
As data streams are constantly flowing, analysis has to take place in real- or near-real time, circumventing the lake altogether. As such, the analogy here is that working in data streams is much like panning for gold. As the data stream passes by, analysis occurs in parallel, seeking to capture the relevant nuggets of information to best address specific questions or areas of concern as they happen.
The main advantage of this approach is that information can be accessed quickly and insights can be pulled out rapidly. Given the fast-paced and dynamic nature of modern business environments, it is imperative that anomalies or real time trends can be understood quickly, so that appropriate action can be taken before they have a significant impact on business processes or revenue.
Data stream analysis is the most effective solution to manage in this challenging real-time environment.
However, it can be difficult to take advantage of data streams and extract the most valuable overall insights from the torrent of data; streams often flow very quickly and are composed of many different elements, to the extent that many operations fail to deliver meaningful real-time analytics.
With so many big data players pouring into the market, it's more important than ever to closely evaluate all the different approaches to assess who has invested appropriately in order to truly manage data stream analysis.
An effective system for data stream analysis must be able to handle billions of transactions on a consistent basis, whilst being able to analyse several streams simultaneously. By combining information from a number of sources, analytics teams can form a full, high-value perspective on the situation, rather than a single isolated viewpoint.
Finally, taking maximum advantage of the data stream requires more than just being able to handle the fast running flow of information. The analysis methodology must be able to pick out the most relevant data points for the business situation. This equates to creating the right type of 'sieve' that can quickly pull out the proper pieces of data and discard the mass of other material that is extraneous.
The art and science of performing this type of analysis requires a very thorough understanding of the business environment, intersected with the complexities of data science. This is a unique set of capabilities, but without this, the gold will not be extracted.
Data lakes and data streams are both very valid approaches to big data analysis. However, they are both very different, and are best applied in different situations to extract the most value.
Analysing data lakes is most appropriate when broad, long-term historical perspectives and trends are required. On the other hand, data stream analysis is best suited when real-time analysis is required, such as dealing with customer complaints.
With this difference in mind, enterprises can appropriately devise their big data strategies based on their immediate and long-term business needs.
Rob Chimsky is VP of Insights at Guavus and has over 30 years in the telecommunications industry.
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0.977952 |
How do you make the straps for the switch flip flops?
They are a size 10. I want to make them for my daughter, to buy them is expensive.
You can google "Studio 5 Fabulous Flip Flops" or go to www.studio5.ksl.com/?nid=58&sid=6450011. There is a video and printable instructions for several methods of decorating flip flops, including constructing your own switchable straps. Hope this helps!
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It is stipulated that Santa Claus exists.
Further, that he spends the night of December 24th circling the globe in a sleigh pulled by flying reindeer. That he gains access to the homes of children that celebrate Christmas children, and that he gives them presents. And that he does this in the dark, unseen.
Granted, it seems... impractical. Over the course of one night, St. Nick has to stop by the home of every Christian child in the world. Of which there are a lot - an indeterminately large number of kids waiting for their gifts.
I decided to figure out how many, how big a task Mr. Claus faces as he races west across the face of the globe, staying ahead of the sun. And I did. Or, anyway, I came up with a pretty solid estimate.
What I wanted to figure out is this: how many Christian children live in each general area of the world. The region is important: where the kids live impacts the feasibility of the thing. If kids are distributed evenly, Santa has all night to reach everyone; if they live in the same place, he has about half as long.
It's impossible to find this information without considering countries; no one tracks demographics based on longitude. So, for every country in the world - of which there are a lot - I really needed to figure out the population broken down by age, religion and time zone.
Thanks to the CIA, we can readily determine populations by age and religion, and, by combining the two measures, roughly approximate the number of Christians for any given age group. (For the purposes of our experiment, people 14-and-under receive presents from Santa.) Time zones are equally easy, via Wikipedia.
The equation is this: compare population of young people with density of Christianity and plot it on the globe. From that, you've got total population and the times at which Santa should hit them. I ignored the mechanics of distance between houses - after all, I can't know how many houses have multiple children, what regions are more densely packed, etc. The math, it seemed, should be easy.
Should be. Isn't. Before getting bogged down in the incredible nuance of the world's religions and time zones that went into determining these numbers, I'll share the end result.
There are just over 526,000,000 Christian kids under the age of 14 in the world who celebrate Christmas on December 25th. In other words, Santa has to deliver presents to almost 22 million kids an hour, every hour, on the night before Christmas. That's about 365,000 kids a minute; about 6,100 a second. Totally doable.
Especially when you consider the uneven distribution of kids in the world. Santa needs to hit 22 million kids every hour. If Santa starts at the International Date Line and heads west, the first four time zones he passes barely contain that many kids waiting for presents. He's already got three hours in the bank. Until, you know, he gets to Europe, which kind of breaks his schedule.
Here's what Santa's night looks like. Read it from right to left; i.e., east to west.
As I said, the math was harder than it seemed. For your edification, here are the complexities and oddities I encountered - and which indicate you might want to take my calculations with a grain of salt.
Countries often have multiple time zones. And it isn't always easy to figure out in which the people actually live. France, given its many remote protectorates, has citizens in twelve time zones. Where should I allocate its 12 million kids?
That's one's actually easy, since most live in France which has one time zone. What about the United States? Between the states and our territories, we have eleven time zones, with most of the children in the four time zones that make up the continental US. How do I distribute our 62 million kids? Or Canada's? My point is: there's a lot of guessing and a little relying on Yahoo Answers.
Not all countries celebrate Christmas on December 25. Santa must love January 5th. That's the day he has most of the night to hit parts of Russia, Georgia and the Ukraine before Eastern Orthodox celebrations on Twelfth Night. This calendar shift takes about 11.5 million kids out of the line-up on the 24th, meaning that on the 5th he can do a leisurely 800,000 kids an hour.
Not all Christians celebrate Christmas. Until you look at a country-by-country list, you might not realize how many Jehovah's Witnesses there are - particularly in the Caribbean and Latin America - who do not celebrate the holiday. There are also a number of countries with sizable Seventh Day Adventist populations, like the Pitcairn Islands. There is some debate over whether or not Adventists celebrate the holiday; ultimately, they were included.
The CIA's data isn't always up-to-date. Please see the entry for Cuba, which presents a breakdown of religion with the helpful caveat that the data pre-dates Castro.
People in the Netherlands and Belgium celebrate Sinterklaas on December 5. Which is basically a festival of Saint Nicholas. (Note: please do not confuse him with Krampus.) However, Christians in those countries still celebrate Christmas, so Santa still brings them presents. They were included.
Significant digits are cumbersome. And therefore, they were ignored.
Santa would have more than 24 hours. On Christmas Day, New York City will see just over nine hours of daylight - meaning nearly fifteen hours of dark. In the Northern Hemisphere, Santa has a little more night to play with. If the children were evenly distributed throughout the world, north and south of the equator, the night would average out to twelve hours. But, like the rest of the population, more children live north of the equator, meaning that on average, the nights are longer - meaning Santa has more than twenty-four hours. Even if we gave him 26 hours, he'd still need to cover 21 million kids an hour. So let's just say twenty-four and move on.
Below, a time zone-by-time zone breakdown of Santa's trip west, delineating how many children Santa has to serve in each and how that compares to the total number of children in the region and the children awaiting presents in the world as a whole.
Over half a billion kids in the span of one night, all while distracting the experts at NORAD with gallivanting decoys. If anyone has ever deserved sainthood, it's Nick.
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0.948263 |
What are the halachic problems that arise when one buys an item at a discount but the owner is unaware of the true value? This can apply to a yard sale where one buys a coin that they know is worth thousands and the owner is selling it for pennies. Does one have to tell the owner of the true value?
Another such case which I have encountered is going to a book sale and there is a $1 table, but on that table there is a book that is worth $100. Is one halachicly obligated to inform the store owner?
Just to note why these cases may be different from other price mistakes is that it is known that there may be rare stuff at a yard/book sale.
Upon investigation, I found in the sefer Mishpetei HaTorah from Dayan Tzvi Shpitz Chelek 2:26 a similar type case.
He relates that Reuvein found an old copy of the Rambam in genizah. He then sold it to an antique seller for 1000 shekalim. The antique seller then noticed after the sale that there are handwritten notes on the side of the sefer with the signature of the Rama. Now the sefer is worth 50,000 shekalim. The question he was asked was this a mekach taus. Dayan Shpitz answered that antiques, in general, do not have set prices, but fluctuate from time to time and therefore the halachos of onaa do not come into play. However, he does note that if this sefer would sell for 10,000 shekalim minimum in any place, then since it was sold for only 1000 shekalim then the seller can claim onaa.
Then he discusses a different twist on the case. That if the book has other parts to it that are not associated with the book. Like if one found a ksav yad in the book which by itself is worth money and the seller did not know of its existence then the buyer can keep it with no complaints. However, he notes that if the seller got that book from yerusha (inheritance) then the buyer would have to return the item.
In addition , I found that the L'Horos Nasan 7:126 speaks of a case where a seller sold a ksav yad of a gadol for a minimal amount and then found out that there people who would be willing to pay more for it ,is that a case of onaa and would cause the sale to be void? He goes through a bunch of different sugyos and concludes that if there people who are willing to pay for the item then there would be onaa. He also says a big chiddush that the fact that today it is easy to reach people all over the world then the market encompasses the whole world .
The prohibition of Hona'ah (אונאה - fraud) - selling or buying for over 17% of its real price either mistakenly or on purpose. In certain cases, it can be so serious it invalidates the deal and causes a big mess called מקח טעות. Technically, there's no fraud for real estate, personal belongings, slaves, bills and more.
כמה תהיה אונאה ויהיה חייב להשיב שתות (1/6 - 17%) בשוה.
כיצד הרי שמכר שוה שש בחמש או שוה שבע בשש או שוה חמש בשש או שוה שש בשבע ה"ז אונאה ונקנה המקח וחייב המאנה לשלם האונאה ולהחזירה כולה למתאנה: "
גזל - steal. Possessing an object of others' without properly paying as the result of the above is גזל and is really bad.
לפני עיוור (before a blind man) - the prohibition of deceit. One can not give a bad advice or name the wrong price when asked.
ואהבת לרעך - one is "prohibited" from causing others what he wouldn't want for himself.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged halacha transactions business .
Are there any halachic issues with cut flowers grown in Israel?
Are there any Halachic issues with regard to wearing earmuffs outside on Shabbos?
Are there any issues with buying a used Siddur?
Is there any halachic problem with providing a service (e.g., matchmaking) to someone for free, when others pay for it?
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0.999969 |
We quoted the last paragraph of the William Ernest Henley poem "Invictus" the other day. Invictus is latin for "unconquerable". Henley wrote "Invictus" somewhere around 1875 in his hospital bed while suffering from Tuberculosis Arthritis. Henley eventually had his leg amputated yet he lived a full and productive life. At one point doctors wanted to amputate his other leg, but Henley would not let them.
Now that the year two thousand and nine has arrived we thought the time has come to revisit "Invictus".
Understanding the conditions of Henley's life while this poem was written gives us a better appreciation for the words and the meaning of the poem. Henley was obviously considering his "circumstance", his life and that the fact that death could come at any moment. Yet Henley's words illustrate a man who has warrior spirit, defiance and the ability to take responsibility for his attitude about what is happening to him as opposed to adapting a "victim" mindset like many men in his position would do. Henley assessed his situation, acknowledged that he has taken a beating, but makes a conscious decision not to give in to the ravages of his disease. He doesn't give in mentally, emotionally or physically. Henley finally leaves the hospital, not a hospital that resembles the hospitals of today by any stretch of the imagination and becomes a successful writer and editor. This took pure courage.
What does "Invictus" have to do with us today?
Most of our writings have to do with two subjects near to my heart: fitness and self-defense. The study of human performance under stress. For those who believe the topics are not related, nonsense I say. In fitness we defend ourselves against injury, dysfunction and decay. In self-defense we train to defend ourselves against violence usually brought on by another member of our species. We need to be fit in order to defend ourselves effectively and we need to defend ourselves effectively in order to stay fit–mentally, emotionally and physically.
Effective self-defense goes beyond training to stop an attacker. The training becomes the fiber that makes us who we are. From training we acquire the ability to overcome obstacles, distractions, excuses, physical limitations and engaging in "victim thinking". These qualities are necessary to win a life and death confrontation, but they are the same qualities that help us win in life. Most do not go through life unscathed, but the winners are those who can continue to bounce back and "fight" another day when things have not gone their way. The winners are those who are unconquerable.
"Unconquerable", we believe, doesn't mean you cannot "lose" or you are completely "unbeatable". Unconquerable means that whatever is thrown at you will not quell your spirit. It means not accepting that something or someone can change your soul, your winning attitude, your personal code. You might be beaten, but you'll be back. You may be killed, but it wasn't because you were unprepared or because you accepted that being beaten or killed was your fate. "Unconquerable" means never accepting defeat as a given because the situation has gone very wrong and the odds are against you.
We are fortunate to train, or train with, a relatively small group of athletes. Each one has some sort of "obstacles" they overcome on a regular basis. We train with athletes that have injuries or medical conditions that would keep many people at home watching television all day, yet these particular athletes not only train consistently, but give everything they have every session. We don't hear excuses and we don't see "victims".
We train athletes who commute for hours to get to work, work long shifts and then train consistently not using the long, exhausting day as an excuse not to train. Others are taking care of parents or newborns and they make the time to train and focus on training hard.
For most people engaged in a "fitness" or "workout" routine, but have no idea what a metcon workout is, approaching the quality of being "unconquerable" is very far off. Wanting to stop during a lung and muscle burning, sky-high intensity workout, but NOT stopping is mentally and emotionally, an awesome feeling. It's also one of the best ways to being on the path of "unconquerable". Success is built in the steps of each and every training session. Anyone can come up with a reason to quit, but those who stick with it reap the benefits of strength, power, stamina and a winning mindset. Everyone has issues they must deal with on a regular basis. The ones who manage their issues and don't fall victim to them will always be successful. This is the kind of success that carries over to all facets of life.
We look forward to the challenges that 2009 will bring. We look forward to training with you on the path of the unconquerable.
Thanks! Very motivational!! Enjoy your stuff.
Thanks, George. Happy New Year you from us in Chicago.
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0.999998 |
What skills should a focus group moderator have?
The skills of a focus group moderator are extremely important to getting valuable, unbiased data from your existing and potential customers.
There is much more to moderating a focus group than simply asking questions here are the skills that we feel an effective moderator should possess, in order to get the most out of your research.
Effective Listening Skills – They must be able to asserting themselves, but also know the importance of letting the group express their opinions and feelings. Their role is to guide the group through the questions.
Flexibility – The nature of a focus group means that members will often deviate from the main question or topic, often providing further insight. It is therefore important for the moderator to have a flexible attitude.
Include a Variety of Exercises –Maintaining interest and enthusiastic engagement among the participants is key to a successful focus group. You could use: role-playing, word association and ratings.
Pause and Probe – The group moderator will be skilled in asking clear questions and pausing to give the group members opportunity to open up.
Have Knowledge of the Topic– basic information on the subject helps in probing areas for more in-depth discussion; demonstrate a degree of naïveté.
Be Enthusiastic and Attentive– have a high energy level; pay attention to participants- recognise group dynamics.
Understands Group Dynamics – The moderator needs to understand how groups work, is relatable and know how to help groups of people to fully interact, they can get the group to feel like they are educating them.
A little more conversation – A good group moderator will create conversation, adapting the flow of the conversation depending on where it takes them. A moderator’s job is to encourage discussion.
The role of a focus group moderator can be a challenge, after all you are dealing with many different characters, but it is also a rewarding one as you are contributing to the development of a business or product.
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0.99802 |
The Skylab programme has its origins in the early years of NASA during the late 1950s and in the development of a manned space programme to follow the original one-man Project Mercury series. Studies of a station in space had existed for decades but with the dawn of the space age and the creation of the American civilian space agency, these plans moved from pages of science fiction to the drawing boards of leading spacecraft contractors.
A three-person spacecraft, called Apollo from July 1960, was planned as the next stage in America's manned quest for space. Apollo had the capability of flying both in Earth orbit and also to the Moon and back. By 1970, NASA was also looking towards the creation of a temporary scientific research station in Earth orbit, which in turn would lead to the first interplanetary trips to Mars in the 1980s and 1990s. Originally, the Apollo Command and Service Module was to have docked to specialised modules designated ''space laboratories'', or to carry scientific instruments in the spare equipment bay of the Service Module (or even a converted Lunar Module). But gradually, studies turned towards converting the Saturn S-IVB stage into a laboratory for missions of between four and six weeks. This concept featured in what became the Apollo Applications Program from 1965. The original idea was to use a spent (formerly fuelled, or ''wet'') S-IVB stage launched on an unmanned Saturn 1B, but the design was eventually simplified to utilise an unfuelled (or ''dry'') stage launched by a two-stage Saturn V variant.
In May 1961, US President John F. Kennedy set NASA its Moon landing challenge. To meet it, Apollo was amended to include lunar landing among its long-term goals, and the creation of a scientific research platform or space station slipped down the list of priorities. Later that year, a new programme called Gemini was devised to test the techniques that Apollo would require to achieve its goal, but in Earth orbit. A programme of scientific experiments would also be carried, however, taking advantage of the added volume on the Gemini, the extended duration of the missions and the addition of a second crew member. Though Gemini, like Mercury, was essentially an engineering development programme on the path to the Apollo Moon landings, science would be included on each mission at an increasing rate.
In order the meet the crewing requirements for Gemini and early Apollo missions, new pilot-astronauts were selected in 1962 and 1963. In the latter selection, although the focus remained on piloting skills, the selection criteria was expanded to include academic skills and qualifications. The first few flights in the Apollo programme were test-flight orientated, with mission safety and system qualification of primary importance. Science was more relevant to plans to use Apollo hardware for other missions following the successful landing on the Moon, although some of the Earth-orbital Apollo test flights could include some science to be conducted once the primary test objectives had been met. While the flight was in progress, it made sense to take advantage of the fact that a crew (of three) was in space, as well as the length of the missions (up to fourteen days) and the increased volume of the Apollo. However, although science experiments could be assigned to a mission, if such experiments did not support the lunar landing goal or could be deferred to a later mission, they would usually be reassigned.
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0.981004 |
evo ovako imam ipad 2 i jel ima neka posebna procedura za instalirat ovaj jailbreak na njega?
jel se gubi garancija na mob ako ga tako instaliram ?
To begin the detailed process, you'd better to backup your iPhone data to iCloud, iTunes or other security places. Below is some steps of backing up iPhone data for your reference.
1.Before you do any action, make sure you create a backup for your original iPhone’s operating system. If anything goes wrong, you can use the system image to replace it and get it working again.
2.Take a backup going to settings page -> iCloud -> backup feature. Just click on backup now and it will instantly create one for you on the cloud, for safety purposes.
3.Disable any passcode that you might use on your phone as it may cause trouble later. Find Touch ID and Passcode within settings to disable it before you proceed.
4.Find the option to enable your airplane mode that you do while traveling. It's found in the control center.
5.Download iTunes version 12 on your Windows PC or Mac as it is mandatory.
If you wish to backup all iPhone contents on desktop computer, you can take a free trial on the best iPhone Backup Software.
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0.999994 |
Paris (CNN)At dawn on Tuesday, as the first blush of sunrise illuminated Notre-Dame de Paris, residents gathered on the left bank of the river Seine to see the damage wrought by a devastating fire that engulfed the historic cathedral overnight.
Sarah Virot crossed herself as she looked up at the 850-year-old Gothic masterpiece, whose name means Our Lady of Paris. The cathedral lost its iconic spire and much of its medieval latticework roof in the blaze. “For me, it’s much more than stones, it’s a part of myself that is burning,” said Virot, 32, who works for a Christian association in the capital.Nine years ago, she stood in the nave of Notre Dame, under its vast wooden rib-vaulted ceiling, known as “the forest,” for her confirmation in the Catholic Church. Seeing the cathedral now, its delicate limestone exterior marred with soot, she was at a loss for words.
The blaze was finally brought under control early on Tuesday morning after a heroic effort by 400 firefighters, who managed to save the cathedral’s iconic facade and twin towers, along with invaluable artifacts and works of art. Read MoreThey had battled the fire for nine hours, pumping water from the nearby Seine onto the smoldering edifice as Parisians looked on in horror. A Muslim man standing behind a police cordon chanted a song often heard at Paris Saint-Germain football matches. Runners on their morning jogs slowed, hopping from foot to foot as they assessed the damage. Tourists with suitcases in tow stood and stared. An elderly man with a cane walked down a cobblestone street to pay his respects.”People are moved, whether there are Christians or not,” Virot said, adding that she was touched by the solidarity shown by Parisians and visitors alike, especially in the midst of the Holy Week.The heart of ParisNotre Dame sits at the French capital’s geographical and psychological heart, on a small island called the Île de la Cité, embraced on both sides by the Seine. It’s not just the center of the city, but of the country; from it, all other distances to the capital are measured. And so, for Parisians, the cathedral is not just a religious structure, but a shared legacy.Built in the 12th and 13th centuries, Notre Dame has survived rioting Huguenots, the French Revolution, two world wars, air pollution and acid rain.
See the moment Notre Dame’s iconic spire falls 00:30It was the site of Napoleon Bonaparte’s coronation as emperor and the location for Victor Hugo’s famed novel “The Hunchback of Notre-Dame,” later enshrined in popular culture as a Disney fairytale. “Notre Dame is our history, it’s our literature, it’s our imagery,” French President Emmanuel Macron said in a speech to the nation as the fire raged. “It’s the place where we live our greatest moments, from wars to pandemics to liberations. It’s an epicentre of our lives and the point where all distances start from.””It’s the cathedral of all French people, including those who never visited it,” Macron added. “This history is ours. And it burns. It burns and I know the sadness so many of our fellow French feel.”Macron pledged to rebuild the cathedral, enlisting the nation’s master craftsmen and women; funding for the repairs has been swiftly secured from French billionaires.
Emmanuel Macron: We will rebuild Notre Dame 01:12Enduring symbol of FranceThe nation’s beleaguered president had been due to deliver a speech Monday night addressing the demands of the “Yellow Vest” movement, an uprising that began as a protest at rising fuel prices, but has grown into calls for a complete overhaul of France’s social safety net. The months-long demonstrations have marred the capital’s famed boulevards, causing millions of dollars in damage and plunged the nation into a malaise. But on Tuesday, the city came together to mourn an enduring symbol of France.Notre Dame is not just a landmark that knits Parisians together, a shared cultural touchstone, but is admired the world over as a Gothic jewel.
The cathedral is visited by about 13 million people a year, drawn in equal measure by its religious significance, architectural mastery and rich history. It has played host to royal weddings, coronations and the beatification of Joan of Arc. Notre Dame’s largest bell, known as Emmanuel, has tolled to mark global events including papal visits, the conclusion of World Wars and the September 11 attacks.Sitting on a stone railing below one of the cathedral’s three enormous stained-glass rose windows, Sarah Parent du Châtelet was moved to tears at the prospect of its destruction.”I came because I wanted to see something that was hard to imagine,” Parent du Châtelet, 33, told CNN. “I was born in Paris and I know this lady just like an immortal person. It’s impossible to imagine Paris without her.”If the Eiffel Tower came to signify the city’s sparkling future, Notre Dame has, for generations, embodied its past. “She is the heart of Paris, eternal and spiritual,” Parent du Châtelet added.Restoration project underwayThe cathedral has been refurbished at several points over the last seven centuries, but had fallen into disrepair in recent years and was undergoing extensive renovations to safeguard the building — flying buttresses, decorative pinnacles, grimacing gargoyles and all — for the 21st century. Just last week, 16 copper statues representing the twelve apostles and four evangelists were taken down from the cathedral so that refurbishments could be made to the spire. Other restorations were made in the cathedral’s attic, where the fire appears to have originated. Its exterior was wrapped in scaffolding when the blaze took hold on Monday evening.
Antoine Crouin contributed to this report from Paris.
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0.977655 |
What settings to use with LED lamps?
My remodeled office has four LED ceiling lamps. At night my monitor has a pronounced pink/orange hue to it, not really attractive at all. While I scroll up/down, the background goes to dark pink. During the daytime it looks just about like it always did, pre-f.lux.
What is f.lux intending to accomplish after sundown? I'm still not understanding the benefits...too much tech-speak in your documents. There is no LED setting in the "Change Color To..." menu, so what should I select to make the colors more natural and pleasant?
This isn't about finding the most attractive results for you to look at or finding the settings that best go with the type of lights you're using. This is about avoiding blue light at night because blue light interferes with melatonin production. If there's too much blue in the light you're being exposed to, then it can prevent your body from producing melatonin, and your body needs to have a certain amount built up before it gets the signal that it's time to produce other things that make your body truly ready to sleep, and it can take a few hours for that to happen. Computer monitors produce way too much blue light to be safe to use at night during those last 2-3 hours before going to sleep. Of course, there are many types of indoor lighting that produce too much blue light as well, so you can't just say "I'm using f.lux, so I'm fully covered". F.lux can be just a small part of the solution.
So, this is about your health.
As far as the top part of the monitor being darker than the bottom, that's normal for monitors. It has nothing to do with f.lux. You're only seeing the effect more because of the color. With f.lux set to 6500K, you will still see it. Stand up and sit down while looking at your monitor. The effect you're seeing is called "gamma shift", and it's due to the physical design of your monitor (how it emits the light that forms the image in front of you - it's a bit directional).
So, there is no best setting to use with LED lights. There's no best setting for any kind of lighting. You just want to do what you can to reduce or avoid your exposure to blue light at night, and you can't only do it with f.lux. You have to consider all sources of light, not just your computer monitor. F.lux simply enables a blue light conscious person to continue using their computer at night even though the rest of their house lights are very warm and free of blue light.
Thanks for the explanation, that helps.
I said, <<While I scroll up/down, the background goes to dark pink.>> which I think you misinterpreted as differing appearances on the top and bottom of the screen. What I mean is, when I grab the vertical scroll bar, or hold down the up or down arrow, or the PgUp or PgDn buttons to scroll the screen contents, the background of the whole screen, and the text, take on a distinct pink/orange hue that's more pronounced than when I'm not scrolling up or down. As soon as I release the keys, the hue returns to the mild pink/orange that my original question is about. Any explanation and/or cure?
So, would you suggest that tonight I just experiment with the various "Change color to..." settings to find the most suitable one for night work? I understand there's no preset for LED bulbs.
Thank you again for patiently explaining this to me.
That scrolling thing is due to the way the average monitor works (you probably have what's known as a "TN panel"). It does this all the time (it's more of a blurring or ghost trail type of effect than anything), but you can see it far more easily when the color temperature is much warmer than normal. You can do it with anything that makes the color temperature warmer, not just f.lux.
Experimenting is a good idea. The warmer the color temperature you can tolerate, the better off you are because that will mean your monitor is emitting less blue light. Of course, if your indoor lighting is still emitting too much blue light (what we can call "alerting light"), then choosing warmer colors will really only be more for comfort. I find that when I've been awake for a long time, warmer color temperatures are much more comfortable. For example, right now I've been awake for maybe 24 hours and if I switch from 6500K to like 1900K or warmer, it feels like a huge relief. What I'm getting at though is, there's really no point in trying to use f.lux to avoid melatonin suppression when your indoor lighting is already doing that to you.
The reason why the presets are named after different light sources is partly for fun, and partly so that you know what to expect from that preset. For example, fire embers are usually pretty red. So, 1200K is named "Ember". That way, you know that 1200K should look pretty red (and no one has to ask why it's so red). Candles are more orange/gold, so 1900K is named Candle. Each one was given a name that describes the general appearance of the color temperature it will change to so that you know what it should look like when you choose it.
You don't have to use that menu either. It's just there for convenience. You can move the slider manually, or you can press Alt+Shift+Page Down and Page Up to change the color temperature too. There are really no right ways or wrong ways to use f.lux. Sure, there's the original intention as I described of making it easier to avoid blue light at night in order to make it easier to avoid having your melatonin production interfered with, but a lot of people use f.lux just to reduce the amount of blue light for increased eye comfort.
Sounds like you have some daylight-colored lamps in the office, and f.lux will always look "too orange" in a room like this.
Our view is that lights need to change a whole lot at night too, though not very many do!
In a room that's pretty bright, it's usually true that your screen makes less light than the room does.
Anyway, if this is a machine you always use at the office, I would recommend trying one of the less intense presets like "color fidelity" or just move the slider until it looks better.
I can turn off the overhead LED's and turn on a desk lamp (3-way incandescent bulb) for my nighttime work. All I need for night work is the ability to see the keyboard and read docs on my desk. I already have felt that this setup is a bit more relaxing than the LED's blazing down on me, even though they have dimmers which I occasionally use. Now that you-all have started to enlighten me about the science behind this, I will be more attentive to it and see if my sleep pattern is altered.
Thanks again, this is turning out to be a useful app and I appreciate your contribution.
Yes exactly! I think more people should do this - just have two kinds of lamps for different times of day.
We wish all lights were programmable over the network, but maybe it will take a few years to get there. Our Philips Hue support in f.lux is pretty good, if you ever get to try that system.
Overhead lights will always be more alerting due to their physical location regardless of how dim you can get them to be. Think about how alerting and energizing the sun is on a clear day when it's directly overhead. So, this is a natural reaction after living on this planet for thousands of years (at the very least).
So, when you're only using lights that are physically in a low location (like a desk lamp), the natural reaction to that will be similar to the reaction of the sun being at or near the horizon during sunset.
As you're probably thinking by now, yeah there is more to this than just the color temperature or brightness of the light. The higher the physical location of the light source, the more alerting it is.
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0.945219 |
Can HMGP funds be used as local match for Emergency Relief Program resilience awards?
No. The only Federal funds that can be used in place of local share for the FTA Emergency Relief Program are funds, which by statute lose their federal identity and can be used as match for other Federal programs, such as Community Development Block Grant funds.
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0.938921 |
What is your stance on the convergence of AI with humans? And is this convergence the next logical step in our evolution?
Currently, I think the way that people are looking at convergence has to do with humans just collaborating with AI. Fundamentally, the idea of AI started with the idea of an autonomous system that would make decisions on its own, and leave people out because humans are sort of messy. Now people say that we are not really ready to accept fully autonomous systems, and people want autonomous systems that collaborate with humans. There is a lot of human-computer interaction work right now, which tries to see the computer more as a support to humans than a decision maker. However, collaboration is not exactly integration. Collaboration is a step in the direction of allowing humans to make better decisions with the aid of a computer, but humans will still have the final say. This is the direction in which the AI community is going currently.
There is a slightly different approach, which has to do with putting chips into humans, and that is more of a true convergence of humans and computers. I don’t know how much success this has had, but there has been work done in this area for a while. For instance, implanting small chips into peoples’ brains or arms and so on, so that you can just unlock your door with a chip instead of a key. However, this has been quite controversial because of privacy and security issues. Suppose a chip is implanted in your hand or finger so you can open the safe of a bank. Then one day somebody chops off your finger, and now has access to the safe. When you think about chips from the angle of security, there is definitely a big issue because the part of the body that has this chip can be removed and used by someone with different intentions. There is also the issue of privacy when it comes to chips. The issue comes from the fact that if you have a chip, every one of your movements is recorded, so you are being tracked every second of your life. And, of course, when you are tracked you don’t own your own data. Somebody else has access to your data. This is obviously an intrusion of individual privacy. Now, some people don’t really care about this specific privacy issue, but most people do.
On another note, when you think about implants, like pacemakers, people accept them because they save lives. Now people are talking about implanting chips so that blind people can see. Personally, I think that people will accept convergence with tech because if the benefits outweigh the potential risks, why not? I mean, of course, convergence is limited because you are not truly replacing your brain with a computer– which I think is crazy–but convergence can give you help with some functions.
What do you think is the biggest misconception about AI?
I think because people don’t really know what this technology really does, people tend to overestimate and underestimate the abilities of AI. Either people say, “Oh no this is stupid it will never happen,” or, “Oh the computers are going to take over the world and killer robots!” And all of those sorts of things. People always tend to go to the extremes when it comes to AI because they don’t understand enough about the technology and reality of AI, and the current reality is in the middle of these extremes.
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0.93221 |
Ten facts about the theater, of trivial importance. 1 There is a superstition that if you follow the accidents in the theater saying “Macbeth 2 shortest plays in the world is” exhalation “Samuel Beckett, which lasted 35 seconds. 3 In building the London theater “Globe” all other theaters were forced to move to the southern part of London 4 There is a belief among actors that is a bad sign to wear purple on stage unless it is combined with something silver. 5 The first theater production in Serbia was carried out in 1825 in Kragujevac. 6 Moliere died at the scene from severe coughing spells during the performance, “splenetic”. 7 16th American President, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in the theater during the play “My American friend.” 8 The most famous opera house Scala was built on the foundations of the church “Santa Maria alla Scala”. 9 Shakespeare demanded that he be the epitaph engraved curse that would catch up with anyone who disturbed his peace. 10 Sarah Bernhardt in the 98th year of life played a girl of 15 years and all of his role in preparing the coffin.
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0.999924 |
In order to successfully stop a bad habit, you need to break the unconscious automatic hold it is having on your life. You do this by activating the conscious thinking part of your brain. In other words, the first step to overcoming your bad habit is to start thinking about it and why you are doing it.
Shatter Any Addiction... Break Any Bad Habit!
Bad habits are difficult to break because they are associated with thoughts and emotions at a very unconscious level. If they were easy to break, people would quit smoking , stop binge eating , stop binge drinking , or stop comfort eating without external help.
Habits are programmed into an area of the brain called the basal ganglia � this is quite a complex region of the brain that controls good habits, motor actions, bad habits and compulsive behaviours.
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0.998332 |
McBusted star Harry Judd has revealed he went through fertility treatment with wife Izzy Johnston to conceive their first child.
The 29-year-old drummer, who announced last month that he was set to become a father, said he felt 'blessed' after the heartache of a miscarriage last year, in an interview with Hello! magazine.
Izzy, 31, who was diagnosed with polycystic ovaries in her twenties, said it was 'impossible' to answer people when they asked if she wanted to have children, as it felt like her heart was breaking every time.
Speaking to the magazine, Harry said: 'You feel like you are never going to be the ones who get to say, "We are having a baby." That is why we feel so blessed now.
'In an ideal world when you're ready to start a family you hope you will conceive in the first few months of trying.
Speaking of her happiness, mum-to-be Izzy said: 'Every baby is a miracle but we do feel so very lucky.
Harry, who took home the glitter ball trophy in 2011's series of Strictly Come Dancing, met Izzy when the former Escala violinist joined McFly's 2005 concert tour.
Harry announced the happy news by posting a photo of him with his wife on Instagram, captioning the image: 'Izzy and I are so happy and feel truly blessed to be able to share with you that we are expecting our very own little miracle. #BabyJudd @izzyintheattic (sic)'.
The couple, who do not know whether they are having a boy or a girl, are expecting their baby in January.
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0.960129 |
When it comes down to it, the aging process is merely a cascade of inflammatory reactions. Physical exercise can help reduce the inflammation, as can supplementation with the miracle plant substance resveratrol. Of the two options physical exercise works best, write Danish biologists at the University of Copenhagen in article in Experimental Gerontology.
The concentration of inflammatory proteins TNF-alpha and Interleukin-6 [IL-6] is two to four times higher in elderly people than in young people. Elderly people's bodies are full of low-grade inflammation reactions, which gradually impede their physical functioning. Insulin sensitivity decreases, muscles become weaker and fat mass increases – to name just a few of the developments associated with old age.
Physical exercise and plant-based substances such as resveratrol help delay this process. Both exercise and resveratrol activate the energy sensors AMPK and SIRT1, which in turn activate the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha [PGC-1-alpha]. PGC-1-alpha helps cells to manufacture more mitochondria – and therefore also generate more energy – and can also boost the production of antioxidant compounds.
But what works better? Physical exercise or resveratrol? And does PGC-1-alpha really play such a key role? The Danes answered the question by setting up an animal study using ordinary mice [WT] and mice without PGC-1-alpha [KO].
The researchers let some of their lab animals use a treadmill as much as they wanted [T]. These mice ran about six kilometres a week. Other mice had no access to a treadmill [UT]. Some mice were given ordinary feed [C]; others were given feed that contained 0.4 percent resveratrol [R].
The experiment started when the mice were three months old and lasted for one year. During this period the mice put on weight and built up more visceral fat [V=AT] and subcutaneous fat [S-AT]. Resveratrol supplementation inhibited the process, but exercise worked better. The combination of resveratrol and exercise worked best in the WT mice.
The concentration of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the blood of the WT mice that did no exercise and were not given resveratrol increased during the aging process. Resveratrol inhibited a rise in TNF-alpha, as did exercise. Exercise inhibited the rise in IL-6 in the WT mice; the effect of resveratrol supplementation was not statistically significant.
During the aging process the amount of carbonyl protein [damaged proteins] in the muscle tissue of the WT mice increased. Both resveratrol and exercise reduced the increase. During the aging process the muscle cells also started to make an increasing amount of TNF-alpha. Exercise reduced this increase; resveratrol had no significant effect.
The researchers conclude from their experiments with the KO mice that PGC-1-alpha is indeed involved in some of the positive effects of both resveratrol and exercise, but not in all of them. They also conclude that the positive effect of exercise is stronger than that of resveratrol supplementation.
The dose of resveratrol that the Danes used was high. Converted into human terms you're talking about 2-4 g per day. Perhaps the Dane's opinion of resveratrol would have been more positive if they had used a lower dose.
There are animal studies in which resveratrol supplementation – using lower doses than the Danes did – enhanced the effect of endurance training on condition. There are also animal studies in which resveratrol in combination with endurance training helps to maintain the physical condition of aging lab animals - again using a lower dose than the Danes did. Finally, there are also human studies in which a daily dose of 150 mg has been shown to make overweight men healthier.
Exp Gerontol. 2013 Aug 3;48(11):1274-1284.
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0.999993 |
1.The frequency of risks is high: accidents happen every day. According to the World Health Organization, the accident has been upgraded to the third leading cause of death. In global, only the traffic accident had been cause 1.25 million death each year, which equivalent to an average 3,424 death per day or average 2.37 per minute. In other words, at least 1 people had been death during the 30 seconds you read the short text. However, majority countries especially Asia had been extreme under insurance concern with the statistics showing that Asia countries accidental insurance coverage rate is only one-fifth that of the United States.
2.Expensive costs: There are a lot of labor costs in the existing insurance system including sales commission, operating expenses, fund reservation calculation , and company profit. These costs are extremely expensive, accounting for about 30% of premiums.
3.The process is not transparent: the centralized model system had great ethical concern in areas such as user information storage, calculation premium and liability payout. The system does not ensure equity, fair and leak of transparency.
5.Privacy Protection : You must have heard about the user privacy issue for Facebook. Insurance companies have more sensitive data. How to safely store customers' privacy is always a pain point for insurance companies.
1. Cutting edge technology: Blockchain is a trust machine, and its decentralized distributed ledger can permanently record any detail in the business process. Inschain further integrates artificial intelligence and big data analysis modules to generate smart contracts to fully automate purchases and claims. This will significantly reduce claims fraud, reduce real risk losses, and reduce costs.
2. Mutual aid model: Inschain committed to building an smart mutual aid service platform based on the block chain. We study in depth the origin of insurance - mutual, and demonstrate that the block-chain-based mutual aid model will benefit the general public. This model not only provide users with affordable and fair prices but also create a more secure, trustworthy,and community spirit group. For example, our Accident Mutual aid project sets reasonable contributions and low threshold qualification amount. In the event of no accident, the account balance will not be changed and the mutual aid benefits will continue to be valid.
3．Open and transparent: All the procedures, including the files generated by it, will be uploaded to the blockchain and stored, so that any event can be queried in any place and it is completely transparent.
4．Publicity announcement: Third-party investigative agencies will conduct independent investigations of accident and the results will be shared with external professional teams for further evaluation. After being verified, the users will be able to participate in publicity and report dishonorable publicity. This will greatly solve the problem of integrity and fraud.
5.Identity authentication: The applicant's identity is stored in the blockchain. This information will not be distort and stored permanently. In order to access the information stored in the block, authorization from the user is required.
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0.999952 |
When ordering a kit does that user have to be in the site group for each item in the kit?
Yes, a user must have access to the products in the kit in order to be able to order them. A kit works as a group of products and while the user will be able to see the kit if they are in the same user group as the kit, they will not be able to order it.
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0.998619 |
Control a Raspberry Pi from anywhere!
Since I was running the RPi headless (ie. not connected to a physical monitor or keyboard), I needed some way to log in to it. SSH is a great solution, provided that your iPhone or desktop PC can see the Raspberry Pi on the local network. If you want to connect outside of your local network, then you may need to set up a wireless hotspot or access point (AP) on the Pi itself.
At first, I thought it may be possible to use an iPhone's Personal Hotspot and then connect from the iPhone to the Pi. After creating the personal hotspot, it is easy to connect the Pi to the iPhone. Unfortunately, it does not appear that the phone can also SSH to the Pi when in this mode.
An access point (AP) provides wireless access to a wired network (LAN). The wired network is usually connected to a modem or router with access to the Internet. The typical use-case is for providing mobile devices access to the internet.
In reality, if you are only trying to log in to your Pi when outside the home, you can use a simpler solution: a wifi hotspot. A hotspot is easier to configure than a full access point.
If you create a WiFi Hotspot on the Pi, then you will be able to connect your phone or desktop computer to the Pi and control it (eg. via SSH, telnet, etc.). This is extremely useful if you have a hobby project that you have created with the Pi that you would like to control outside of your home network. With this goal in mind, you are not looking for the Pi to provide internet access to your mobile devices; instead you are only aiming to permit wireless connections so that you can log in to the Pi -- a hotspot is an ideal solution.
There are many pages on the web that describe setting up a wireless access point on the Pi, but I found that the majority of them didn't work without a number of modifications. The aim of this page is to demonstrate a minimal set of steps to get the hotspot running on the Pi.
In order to accomplish the above, we need to modify a few files. I recommend backing up the files first so that we can revert later and switch between modes (eg. RPi connecting to router vs RPi providing a hotspot).
This file defines the IP address we will use for the hotspot, along with the subnet that it will appear on. For example, I am using a subnet of 192.168.10.X and a static IP address of 192.168.10.1. The default config will configure the Pi to use DHCP to connect to your router (dynamic IP addresses). In my config, I have also forced a static IP address instead (optional). This file also provides a link to the wpa_supplicant config which details the authentication details of your WPA or WPA2 network.
Defines the location of the access point config file (hostapd).
By default, this config file may not exist, so we will create one. It defines the authentication (ie. passwords, key exchange, etc.) that you will use to connect to your Pi. You will edit this file to define your passphrase. It also defines the driver which will be used (nl80211 in my case).
Defines startup configuration of hostapd.
dnsmasq provides a number of capabilities -- the most important one for us is the DHCP server. The DCHP server is responsible for defining the range of IP addresses granted to devices connecting to the wifi hotspot (ie. dynamic IP addresses).
Assuming that a wireless USB device has been plugged in, we can determine the type of device by running the following command: lsusb. The device name will help one determine what drivers are needed (if the nl80211 driver doesn't work for you).
In the above report, we can see RT5370 is the wireless adapter in use.
The above means that we are not connected to a wireless network at the moment. We can left-click on the icon and see a list of SSIDs in the area. Click on the SSID for your home network and then enter the Pre Shared Key. This is the password you have already configured for your home router. Click OK.
At this point you should have access to the Internet from the Pi (a quick test of the built-in web browser should confirm this). Alternately, if you were to type ifconfig at the command-line, you should now see a new line starting with inet addr: that details the IP address the Pi has been allocated.
I recommend making a backup copy of the /etc/network/interfaces file so that we can swap back to router mode later.
Generally, it is must easier to connect to your Pi later if it was assigned an IP address that was always the same. The default setup will allow the router to provide an IP address dynamically which means that it could change from time to time. By forcing a static IP address, you can usually connect to the Pi without having to take additional steps to determine what address was assigned to it.
After rebooting, we can again confirm that the static IP address has been granted (by looking at the boot log, checking the "configured" status under dhcpcdui or running ifconfig from the command line).
At this point , I recommend making a backup of the /etc/network/interfaces file so that we can swap back to this router configuration later.
To keep things simple, when I change the Pi to hotspot mode, the Pi is no longer able to connect to other networks (eg. my home router or the internet). This means that during development I run in home router mode, but when I plan to leave the home and use the Pi outside, then I switch to the hotspot mode. A simple shell script is used to switch between the two modes (restart required).
I have provided links to these shell scripts below under "Sample Files".
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0.999972 |
Millions of comets are found in the outer solar plane. They clash with each other. Some of them are pushed out while some are pulled further into our solar plane by the strong gravitational pull of the giant planet Jupiter. They travel on an eccentric orbit and are subject to the erratic pull and push of Jupiter. This relationship is the cause of stress leading to the breakup of some comets. One such comet is the Brooks 2. The 16th periodic comet to be discovered, Comet Brooks 2 broke into fragments in its course towards the sun. A short–period comet, it belongs to the Jupiter family.
Who discovered comet 16P/Brooks 2?
Comet Brooks 2 was discovered by an eminent British astronomer, William Robert Brooks. This comet was discovered from the Smith Observatory at Geneva. On 7th July, 1889, Brooks discovered a comet near the constellation of Aquarius, which was motionless. Next morning, he observed that the comet moved northwards. As Brooks was the first to discover the comet, it was named after him.
What were the observations made about this planet?
This comet passed within 0.001 AU to Jupiter in 1886, which led to its discovery in July 1889.
It was noted that the comet appeared faint, with a coma of 1 arc minute across and a tail 10 arc minutes long.
On 1st August 1889, Edward Emerson Barnard, a well known comet hunter discovered 2 fragments of a comet and named them as B and C. Next day, he observed 4–5 more but they disappeared later. On 4th August, he observed 2 fragments and named them D and E. E disappeared but D remained for a week. Meanwhile, B grew larger and fainter but disappeared by September. C survived till mid–November of 1889. This apparition of comet Brooks 2 existed till 13th January, 1891.
Tidal waves due to the gravity of Jupiter split the nucleus of comet Brooks 2 into several fragments. The brightness of the comet increased but it broke into parts B, C, D and E, apart from its main nucleus A.
The magnitude noted at the time of its discovery was 8. However, it reached a magnitude of about 10.5. Despite a shorter perihelion distance, comet Brooks 2 appears faded. Last observed magnitude was 19.7 on its apparition in 2014.
Perihelion distance of the comet is noted at about 1.466 AU on its last apparition on 8th June, 2014. Its aphelion distance is about 5.256 A.
The orbital period of the comet 16P/ Brooks 2 is about 6.16 years.
Periodical Comet 16P/ Brooks 2 was recovered by Schuster at the European Southern Observatory on June 12th, 1980 and this observation was confirmed 5 nights later by Shao and J.Bulger at the Agassiz station. Comet Brooks 2 was again recovered by a well known Japanese astronomer Tsutomu Seki in 1994.
Comet 16P/ Brooks 2 encountered the giant planet Jupiter in 1921, which decreased its perihelion distance from 1.96 AU to 1.86 AU. The earlier encounter with Jupiter in 1886 led to its discovery and further closeness led to its fragmentation. Also, two approaches near Jupiter were made in 1958 and 1969.
Comet 16P/ Brooks 2 is expected to reappear on 21st January, 2021.
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0.999532 |
Slogan: The city of Nora, rice fields, beauty waterfall and lake, Kao Aok Talu, hot springs.
Phatthalung is a land of many attractions, including stunning natural beauty, important religious and historical sites, and charming fishing villages.
Phatthalung Province in southern Thailand is an area of great natural beauty and the site of one of the most ancient settlements on the Malaysian Peninsula. From ancient times to the present, Phatthalung has been closely linked to Songkhla Province, particularly in terms of geography, history and migratory settlements.
During the Srivijaya period (around the 7th century CE.) the Phatthalung community received Indian cultural influence in the way of Mahayana Buddhism. In the reign of King Ramathibodi I (U Thong) of Ayutthaya, Phatthalung became one of twelve royal cities.
The modern city of Phatthalung, on the west coast of Songkhla Lake, rests beneath Khao Ok Thalu, a peak that is clearly visible from afar. Phatthalung town features a unique landmark, two curious limestone formations, one of them with a tunnel passing through it.
The most famous attraction of Phatthalung is the Thale Noi Waterfowl Park, which is the largest of its kind in Thailand. Beyond natural attractions, visitors can learn about the history of the city while visiting ancient monuments and temples.
Phatthalung is located in the far south of Thailand on the west coast of Songkhla Lake at the foot of Ok Thalu Mountain. Phatthalung is regarded as the birthplace of Nang Talung, shadow-puppet play and the Nora dance.
The town features a unique landmark, two curious limestone formations, one of which has a tunnel passing through it, and the most famous attraction in the province is the Thale Noi Waterfowl Park, the largest of its kind in Thailand. Beyond natural attractions, visitors can learn about the history of the city while visiting ancient monuments and temples.
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0.963905 |
Though Wikipedia describes the “Black bloc” as a protesting tactic, I disagree. This group is mainly socialist anarchists, who dress in all black from head to toe, violently protest by blowing up cars and breaking windows, which ironically protest against the fascist views they often support or practice through their own actions. Yes, they protest against banks, multi-national corporations, and other Leftist views, yet they dictate to others in the streets by their violent, street-fighting presence the very tyranny in which they protest against.
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0.999998 |
I have often had to answer the question "what is digital signature technology?" Most times, the question has been asked by regular people, smart but not highly technical and often the best way to explain it is to draw parallels between electronic documents and paper documents. For example, when you go to your bank and want to withdraw some cash, you will sign a withdrawal slip and sign on it then present it to the teller or cashier probably with your driver's license or some other form of personal identification. The cashier will compare your signature with what the bank has in its records and if they match they will process your funds withdrawal. On the other hand, if some thief were to get hold of your identification papers and attempt to withdraw funds from your bank account, they would most likely fail because they would be unable to provide a signature that matches yours.
A digital signature is a mathematical scheme that is used to authenticate the sender of an electronic document. It ensures that the document is really from the sender and not from someone else while at the same time ensuring that the message that reaches the recipient is the same one sent without any alterations. Digital signatures are very efficient in legally binding documents because they are difficult to imitate and can be time-stamped.
First, you should copy the document and paste it into an e-mail note.
Second, you use a special software to obtain a mathematical summary (commonly known as a message hash) of the contract.
Thirdly, you will use a private key that you purchased from a trusted public-private key authority for encrypting the message hash.
Lastly, you send your document with the message hash as your digital signature.
The digital signature can be used for signing any form of electronic document whether or not the message is encrypted. The digital signature is protected with a digital certificate that authenticates it. Your digital certificate will contain the certification-issuing authority's digital signature which makes it possible for anyone to verify that your certificate is real.
Speed: Businesses no longer have to wait for paper documents to be sent by courier. Contracts are easily written, completed, and signed by all concerned parties in a little amount of time no matter how far the parties are geographically.
Costs: Using postal or courier services for paper documents is much more expensive compared to using digital signatures on electronic documents.
Security: The use of digital signatures and electronic documents reduces risks of documents being intercepted, read, destroyed, or altered while in transit.
Authenticity: An electronic document signed with a digital signature can stand up in court just as well as any other signed paper document.
Tracking: A digitally signed document can easily be tracked and located in a short amount of time.
Non-Repudiation: Signing an electronic document digitally identifies you as the signatory and that cannot be later denied.
Imposter prevention: No one else can forge your digital signature or submit an electronic document falsely claiming it was signed by you.
Time-Stamp: By time-stamping your digital signatures, you will clearly know when the document was signed.
Expiry: Digital signatures, like all technological products, are highly dependent on the technology it is based on. In this era of fast technological advancements, many of these tech products have a short shelf life.
Certificates: In order to effectively use digital signatures, both senders and recipients may have to buy digital certificates at a cost from trusted certification authorities.
Software: To work with digital certificates, senders and recipients have to buy verification software at a cost.
Law: In some states and countries, laws regarding cyber and technology-based issues are weak or even non-existent. Trading in such jurisdictions becomes very risky for those who use digitally signed electronic documents.
Compatibility: There are many different digital signature standards and most of them are incompatible with each other and this complicates the sharing of digitally signed documents.
Most businesses today are embracing the idea of paper-less offices. To do that, they have identified what is a digital signature and the advantages of using them. They are now using digital signatures to authenticate important documents and make legally binding agreements.
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Digital signatures are a highly secured way to implement electronic signatures.
Digital signatures use a public and private key generation framework, signature algorithm and a verification algorithm to match public and private keys and validate the authenticity of electronic signatures.
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0.907727 |
Tomorrow, before most North Americans are out of bed, The Open Championship begins at the home of golf – St. Andrews Golf Links in Scotland. It is the 150th anniversary of golf’s oldest – and best – tournament. In 1860 (before Canada was even a country), The Open Championship was first contested at Prestwick, on Scotland’s west coast. Willie Park Sr. walked away with the Challenge Belt. Last year, Stewart Cink became the open champion by vanquishing ageless Tom Watson in a playoff. Here are five reasons why The Open Championship is the greatest event in the game.
1. The Claret Jug – While I think we can all agree that the Stanley Cup is sport’s most magnificent trophy, the Claret Jug isn’t far behind. In 1873, the Golf Champion Trophy (as it’s officially known) was first handed to Tom Kidd, the open champion that year. It’s instantly recognizable – even in silhouette. Same as the Stanley Cup. But the true beauty of the Claret Jug is that it’s never, ever been tampered with. No goofy bottom has been added – Grey Cup, are you listening? And the champion’s name is stamped into the Claret Jug seconds after he’s won meaning, when he holds it aloft on the 18th green, his name is already on it. Very cool.
In 1754, the Society of St. Andrews Golfers began playing at St. Andrews Golf Links. The 2010 Open Championship will mark the 28th time St. Andrews has hosted the event.
2. The open rota – Over the years, the event has been held on fourteen different courses. Some, like Musselburgh and Portrush, are no longer on the rota. But the courses that are in the current rotation – St. Andrews, Carnoustie, Turnberry, Muirfield and Lytham and St. Annes (to name a handful) – are all spectacular. And each is different and unique in its own way. At St. Andrews, you have the Road Hole (the 17th), Swilcan Burn, Granny Clark’s Wynd, Hell Bunker, the Valley of Sin. Even the way course features are named is awe-inspiring!
3. The weather – If it’s raining at The Masters or the U.S. Open or the PGA Championship, all the minions start running around and fretting and wailing and frowning. Not at The Open Championship. That’s because they understand that, in Scotland, the conditions are all part of the experience. They are all part of the challenge. And The Open Champion is, invariably, the player who deals with those conditions best.
Peter Alliss quit school at the age of 14 to become a professional golfer. Today, he has the best pipes and command of the language in the business.
4. Peter Alliss – The best announcer in any sport. Period. He’s the Bob Cole of golf, except that Alliss played the game professionally at an extremely high level. He never won, but finished eighth (or T8) in The Open Championship four separate times. He won around two dozen times worldwide, and represented Great Britain eight times in the Ryder Cup Matches. His father, Percy, did the same three times. This week, on ABC/ESPN, listen when Alliss visits the booth. His cadence and turn of phrase are glorious.
5. The name – Please, please, please do not ever refer to this event as the British Open. It is The Open Championship. It always has been. You show me someone who refers to it as the British, and I’ll show you someone who’s clueless about the game, its history and its scope. Good heavens, even the event’s own website is simply www.opengolf.com. And that’s the beauty of the entire event – its simplicity, its courses, its history. There is no championship like it. Anywhere.
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0.835361 |
Not to be confused with Press Association.
The AP headquarters in October 2008, located at 450 West 33rd Street, in New York City.
The Associated Press (AP) is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers and radio and television stations in the United States, all of which contribute stories to the AP and use material written by its staff journalists. Most of the AP staff are union members and are represented by the Newspaper Guild, which operates under the Communications Workers of America, which operates under the AFL–CIO.
As of 2007, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television and radio broadcasters. The photograph library of the AP consists of over 10 million images. The AP operates 243 news bureaus in 120 countries. It also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, paying a fee to use AP material without being contributing members of the cooperative. As part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. The AP employs the "inverted pyramid" formula for writing that enables the news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication area without losing the story's essentials.
Cutbacks at rival United Press International in 1993 left the AP as the United States' primary news service, although UPI still produces and distributes stories and photos daily. Other English-language news services, such as the British Broadcasting Corporation, Reuters and the English-language service of Agence France-Presse, are based outside the United States.
Associated Press is a not-for-profit news cooperative formed in May 1846 by five daily newspapers in New York City to share the cost of transmitting news of the Mexican–American War by boat, horse express and telegraph. The venture was organized by Moses Yale Beach (1800–68), second publisher of the The Sun, joined by the New York Herald, the New York Courier and Enquirer, The Journal of Commerce, and the New York Evening Express. Some historians believe that the Tribune joined at this time; documents show it was a member in 1849. The New York Times became a member shortly after its founding in September 1851. Initially known as the New York Associated Press (NYAP), the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press (1862), which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and price setting practices. An investigation completed in 1892 by Victor Lawson, editor and publisher of the Chicago Daily News, revealed that several principals of the NYAP had entered into a secret agreement with United Press, a rival organization, to share NYAP news and the profits of reselling it. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, the Western Associated Press was incorporated in Illinois as the Associated Press. A 1900 Illinois Supreme Court decision (Inter Ocean Publishing Co. v. Associated Press)—that the AP was a public utility and operating in restraint of trade—resulted in AP's move from Chicago to New York City, where corporation laws were more favorable to cooperatives.
When the AP was founded, news became a salable commodity. The invention of the rotary press allowed the New York Tribune in the 1870s to print 18,000 papers per hour. During the Civil War and Spanish–American War, there was a new incentive to print vivid, on-the-spot reporting. Melville Stone, who had founded the Chicago Daily News in 1875, served as AP General Manager from 1893 to 1921. He embraced the standards of accuracy, impartiality, and integrity. The cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper (served 1925–48), who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and (after World War II), the Middle East. He introduced the "telegraph typewriter" or teletypewriter into newsrooms in 1914. In 1935, AP launched the Wirephoto network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave AP a major advantage over other news media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually AP had its network across the whole United States.
In 1945, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Associated Press v. United States that AP had been violating the Sherman Antitrust Act by prohibiting member newspapers from selling or providing news to nonmember organizations as well as making it very difficult for nonmember newspapers to join the AP. The decision facilitated the growth of its main rival United Press International, headed by Hugh Baillie from 1935 to 1955.
AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations; it created its own radio network in 1974. In 1994, it established APTV, a global video newsgathering agency. APTV merged with WorldWide Television News in 1998 to form APTN, which provides video to international broadcasters and websites. In 2004, AP moved its world headquarters from its longtime home at 50 Rockefeller Plaza to a huge building at 450 West 33rd Street in Manhattan—which also houses the New York Daily News and the studios of New York's public television station, WNET. In 2009, AP had more than 240 bureaus globally. Its mission—"to gather with economy and efficiency an accurate and impartial report of the news"—has not changed since its founding, but digital technology has made the distribution of the AP news report an interactive endeavor between AP and its 1,400 U.S. newspaper members as well as broadcasters, international subscribers, and online customers.
The AP began diversifying its news gathering capabilities and by 2007 AP was generating only about 30% of its revenue from United States newspapers. 37% came from the global broadcast customers, 15% from online ventures and 18% came from international newspapers and from photography.
The AP's multi-topic structure has resulted in web portals such as Yahoo! and MSN posting its articles, often relying on AP as their first source for news coverage of breaking news items. This and the constant updating evolving stories require has had a major impact on the AP's public image and role, giving new credence to the AP's ongoing mission of having staff for covering every area of news fully and promptly. The AP is also the news service used on the Wii's News Channel. In 2007, Google announced that it was paying to receive Associated Press content, to be displayed in Google News, though this was interrupted from late 2009 to mid-2010, due to a licensing dispute.
1849: the Harbor News Association opened the first news bureau outside the United States in Halifax, Nova Scotia, to meet ships sailing from Europe before they reached dock in New York.
1876: Mark Kellogg, a stringer, was the first AP news correspondent to be killed while reporting the news, at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
1893: Melville E. Stone became the general manager of the reorganized AP, a post he held until 1921. Under his leadership, the AP grew to be one of the world's most prominent news agencies.
1899: AP used Guglielmo Marconi's wireless telegraph to cover the America's Cup yacht race off Sandy Hook, New Jersey, the first news test of the new technology.
1914: AP introduced the teleprinter, which transmitted directly to printers over telegraph wires. Eventually a worldwide network of 60-word-per-minute teleprinter machines is built.
1935: AP initiated WirePhoto, the world's first wire service for photographs. The first photograph to transfer over the network depicted an airplane crash in Morehouse, New York, on New Year's Day, 1935.
1938: AP expanded new offices at 50 Rockefeller Plaza (known as "50 Rock") in the newly built Rockefeller Center in New York City, which would remain its headquarters for 66 years.
1941: AP expanded from print to radio broadcast news.
1941: Wide World News Photo Service purchased from The New York Times.
1945: AP war correspondent Joseph Morton was executed along with nine OSS men and four British SOE agents by the Germans at Mauthausen concentration camp. Morton was the only Allied correspondent to be executed by the Axis during World War II. That same year, AP Paris bureau chief Edward Kennedy defied an Allied headquarters news blackout to report Nazi Germany's surrender, touching off a bitter episode that leads to his eventual dismissal by the AP. Kennedy maintains that he reported only what German radio already had broadcast.
1951: AP war correspondent Prague bureau chief William N. Oatis was arrested for espionage by the Communist government of Czechoslovakia. He was not released until 1953.
1994: AP launches APTV, a global video news gathering agency, headquartered in London.
2004: The AP moved its headquarters from 50 Rock to 450 W. 33rd Street, New York City.
2008: The AP launched AP Mobile (initially known as the AP Mobile News Network), a multimedia news portal that gives users news they can choose and provides anytime access to international, national and local news. AP was the first to debut a dedicated iPhone application in June 2008 on stage at Apple's WWDC event. The app offered AP's own worldwide coverage of breaking news, sports, entertainment, politics and business as well as content from more than 1,000 AP members and third-party sources.
2010: AP launched multi-device World Cup Soccer Applications providing real-time news coverage of the 2010 World Cup on desktop, Apple and Android devices.
2010: AP earnings fall 65% from 2008 to just $8.8 million. The AP also announced that it would have posted a loss of $4.4 million had it not liquidated its German-language news service for $13.2 million.
2011: AP revenue dropped $14.7 million in 2010. 2010 revenue totaled $631 million, a decline of 7% from the previous year. AP rolled out price cuts designed to help newspapers and broadcasters cope with declining revenue.
2012: Gary B. Pruitt succeeded Tom Curley to become president and CEO. Pruitt is the 13th leader of AP in its 166-year history.
2012: AP revenues continued to slide as the company posted a $193.3 million drop in 2011.
2015: AP revenues continue to decline. Company posts $183.6 million in net income.
The AP is known for its polls on numerous college sports in the United States. The AP polls ranking the top 25 NCAA Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision) college football and NCAA Division I men's and women's college basketball teams are the most well known. The AP composes the polls by collecting and compiling the top-25 votes of numerous designated sports journalists. The AP poll of college football was particularly notable for many years because it helped determine the ranking of teams at the end of the regular season for the collegiate Bowl Championship Series until the AP, citing conflict of interest, asked for the poll to be removed from the bowl series. Beginning in the 2005 season, the Harris Interactive College Football Poll took the AP's place in the bowl series formula. The AP poll is the longest serving national poll in college football having begun in 1936. But with the creation of the BCS in 2006 and the College Football Playoffs in 2014, the AP no longer plays a part in selection of a National Champion.
The AP began its Major League Baseball Manager of the Year Award in 1959, for a manager in each league. From 1984 to 2000, the award was given to one manager in all of MLB. The winners were chosen by a national panel of AP baseball writers and radio men. The award was discontinued in 2001.
Every year, the AP releases the names of the winners of its AP College Basketball Player of the Year and AP College Basketball Coach of the Year awards. It also honors a group of All-American players.
In 1994, London-based Associated Press Television (APTV) was founded to provide agency news material to television broadcasters. Other existing providers of such material at the time were Reuters Television and Worldwide Television News (WTN).
In 1998, AP purchased WTN and APTV left the Associated Press building in Central London and merged with WTN to create Associated Press Television News (APTN) in the WTN building, now the APTN building in Camden Town.
In November 2010 the Associated Press was sued by iCopyright for breach of contract and unfair competition. It accused the AP of launching a copyright-tracking registry built upon information and business intelligence that it had misappropriated from iCopyright.
Washington, D.C. bureau reporter Christopher Newton, an AP reporter since 1994, was fired by AP in September 2002 after he was accused of fabricating sources since 2000, including at least 40 people and organizations. Prior to his firing, Newton had been focused on writing about federal law-enforcement while based at the Justice Department. Some of the nonexistent agencies quoted in his stories included "Education Alliance", the "Institute for Crime and Punishment in Chicago", "Voice for the Disabled", and "People for Civil Rights".
In June 2008, the AP sent numerous DMCA take down demands and threatened legal action against several blogs. The AP contended that the internet blogs were violating AP's copyright by linking to AP material and using headlines and short summaries in those links. Many bloggers and experts noted that the use of the AP news fell squarely under commonly accepted internet practices and within fair use standards. Others noted and demonstrated that AP routinely takes similar excerpts from other sources, often without attribution or licenses. AP responded that it was defining standards regarding citations of AP news.
In August 2005, Ken Knight, a Louisiana photographer, sued the AP claiming that it had willfully and negligently violated Knight's copyright by distributing a photograph of celebrity Britney Spears to various media outlets including, but not limited to: truTV (formerly CourtTV), America Online and Fox News. According to court documents the AP did not have a license to publish, display or relicense the photographs. The case was settled in November 2006.
In a case filed February 2005, McClatchey v. The Associated Press, a Pennsylvania photographer sued the AP for cropping a picture to remove the plaintiff's embedded title and copyright notice and later distributed it to news organizations without the plaintiff's permission or credit. The parties settled.
In April 2011, Patricia Ann Lopez, a New Mexico courtroom sketch artist, sued the Associated Press claiming that the AP had violated her copyrights by reselling her images without a license and had deceptively, fraudulently and wrongfully passed off the artist's work as its own. According to court documents the AP did not have a license to resell or relicense the images.
In March 2009, the Associated Press counter-sued artist Shepard Fairey over his famous image of Barack Obama, saying the uncredited, uncompensated use of an AP photo violated copyright laws and signaled a threat to journalism. Fairey had sued the AP the previous month over his artwork, titled "Obama Hope" and "Obama Progress", arguing that he did not violate copyright law because he dramatically changed the image. The artwork, based on an April 2006 picture taken for the AP by Mannie Garcia, was a popular image during the 2008 presidential election and now hangs in the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. According to the AP lawsuit filed in federal court in Manhattan, Fairey knowingly "misappropriated The AP's rights in that image". The suit asked the court to award AP profits made off the image and damages. Fairey said he looked forward to "upholding the free expression rights at stake here" and disproving the AP's accusations. In January 2011 this suit was settled with neither side declaring their position to be wrong but agreeing to share reproduction rights and profits from Fairey's work.
In January 2008, the Associated Press sued competitor All Headline News (AHN) claiming that AHN allegedly infringed on its copyrights and a contentious "quasi-property" right to facts. The AP complaint asserted that AHN reporters had copied facts from AP news reports without permission and without paying a syndication fee. After AHN moved to dismiss all but the copyright claims set forth by AP, a majority of the lawsuit was dismissed. The case has been dismissed and both parties settled.
In June 2010 the Associated Press was accused of having unfair and hypocritical policies after it was demonstrated that AP reporters had copied original reporting from the "Search Engine Land" website without permission, attribution, or credit.
In April 2013, the Associated Press stated that it had dropped the term "illegal immigrant" from its stylebook. The blog stated that the term was dropped due to the term dehumanizing individuals. The Associated Press follows ABC, NBC, and CNN in not using the term. Jose Antonio Vargas commended the Associated Press for its decision.
Syndicated writer Ruben Navarrette criticized the decision, stating the reasoning behind the decision was political correctness and called the blog "incomprehensible". Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano said of the decision, that she doesn't get involved in "vocabulary wars" and then stated "They are immigrants who are here illegally, that's an illegal immigrant".
On April 23, 2013, the AP's Twitter account was hacked to release a hoax tweet about fictional attacks in the White House that left President Obama injured. This erroneous tweet resulted in a brief plunge of 130 points from the Dow Jones Industrial Average, removal of $136 billion from S&P 500 index, and the temporary suspension of their Twitter account. Although all executed trades were considered final, the Dow Jones later restored its session gains.
On May 13, 2013, the Associated Press announced telephone records for 20 of their reporters during a two-month period in 2012, had been subpoenaed by the U.S. Justice Department and described these acts as a "massive and unprecedented intrusion" into news-gathering operations. The AP reported that the Justice Department would not say why it sought the records, but sources stated that the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia's office was conducting a criminal investigation into a May 7, 2012 AP story about a CIA operation that prevented a terrorist plot to detonate an explosive device on a commercial flight. The DOJ did not direct subpoenas to the AP, instead going to their phone providers, including Verizon Wireless. U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder testified under oath in front of the House Judiciary Committee that he recused himself from the leak investigations to avoid any appearance of a conflict of interest. Holder said his Deputy Attorney General, James M. Cole, was in charge of the AP investigation and would have ordered the subpoenas.
The AP has been accused by its own journalists in the region of biased reporting on the Middle East. In his book Broken Spring: An American-Israeli Reporter's Close-up View of How Egyptians Lost Their Struggle for Freedom, former AP correspondent Mark Lavie claims that the AP upheld a narrative line in which Arabs and Palestinians were entirely without blame in a conflict where all guilt lay with Israel, even going so far as to refuse to print a 2008 Israeli peace proposal. Israeli journalist Matti Friedman noted the enormous influence of Human Rights Watch, which he described as having "written far more condemnations of Israel for violations of international law than of any other country in the region". Moreover, Friedman accuses AP of killing a story he wrote about the "war of words", "between Israel and its critics in human rights organizations", in the aftermath of the Israel/Gaza conflict of 2008–09. Both Lavie and Friedman specifically accuse the AP of forbidding their reporters to interview Gerald M. Steinberg of NGO Monitor (an NGO that reports on the work of NGOs, described by Friedman as "a pro-Israel outfit and by no means an objective observer", which has been characterized as being pro-Israel and is often described as right-wing); Friedman writes that in a job where he interviewed radicals of all kinds, "this professor" was "the only person I ever saw subjected to an interview ban". The AP immediately denied the accusation.
In October 10 2016 the Associated Press released a "fact check" of comments made by presidential candidates during the second US presidential debate, where Republican candidate Donald Trump stated that he didn't “like Assad at all. But Assad is killing ISIS. Russia is killing ISIS”. The US National security reporter for AP, Robert Burns wrote in his fact check assessment that the statement was completely false and a lie, as although Syria’s President Bashar Assad considers ISIS to be terrorists, Burns claimed that Assad's "military is not fighting them" and is only "focused on combatting Syrian opposition groups, some of which are supported by the United States". Online commenters countered that this was inaccurate and that the AP had previously covered news of the Syrian government's 2016 military campaigns against ISIS such as in Palmyra, Deir ez-Zor, Al-Dumayr, Southwestern Ar-Raqqah and in Southeastern Ar-Raqqah. The Associated Press rewrote the item a few hours later to remove the initial "Not true" assessment to "Only partially true" and deleted their social media posts which mentioned their original assessment without an explanation.
Associated Press entered in formal cooperation with Hitler's Nazi Germany in the 1930s, supplying American newspapers with material selected and produced by the Nazi party propaganda ministry. It was able to retain its access by entering into a mutually beneficial two-way cooperation with the Nazi regime. It ceded control of its output by signing up to the Schriftleitergesetz (editor's law), promising not to publish any material 'calculated to weaken the strength of the Reich abroad or at home'.
Schriftleitergesetz required Associated Press to employ reporters who worked for the Nazi party's propaganda division. One photographer, Franz Roth, was a member of the SS propaganda division, whose photographs were personally chosen by Hitler.
Associated Press was the only western news agency able to stay open in Nazi Germany; they continued operating until Germany declared war on the USA in 1941.
Associated Press also allowed the Nazi regime to use its photo archives for its virulently anti-semitic propaganda literature, such as 'The Sub-Human' and 'The Jews in the USA' booklets.
This arrangement also enabled the Nazis to cover up some of its crimes, allowing the Nazis to portray a war of extermination as a conventional war; which events were made visible and which remained invisible in AP's supply of pictures followed German interests and the German narrative of the war.
The Associated Press is governed by an elected board of directors. Since January 26, 2012, the Chairman is Mary Junck, President, CEO and Chairman of Lee Enterprises.
Mary Junck (Chairman) Lee Enterprises, Inc.
Donna J. Barrett Community Newspaper Holdings, Inc.
Michael Golden The New York Times Co.
Isaac Lee Univision Communications, Inc.
Gracia C. Martore Gannett Co., Inc.
William O. Nutting The Ogden Newspapers Inc.
↑ Pyle, Richard (2005-01-31). "19th-century papers shed new light on origin of the Associated Press". Associated Press.
1 2 3 "Consolidated Financial Statements" (PDF). Associated Press. April 2015. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
↑ "Associated Press Founded - This Day in History May 22". New York Natives. 2015-05-22. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
↑ "Wire That Photo". Popular Mechanics. Books.google.com. July 1937. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
↑ "Nintendo Customer Service: Wii News Channel". Nintendo. Retrieved 2009-11-17. Using the international resources of the Associated Press, the News Channel gives Wii users free access to stories in multiple categories from across the country and around the world.
↑ "Google News Becomes A Publisher". Information Week. August 31, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-26. 'Because the Associated Press, Agence France-Presse, U.K. Press Association and the Canadian Press don't have a consumer Web site where they publish their content, they have not been able to benefit from the traffic that Google News drives to other publishers,' Josh Cohen, business product manager for Google News, explained in a blog post.
↑ "Google Stops Hosting New AP Content". Archived from the original on 12 January 2010. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
↑ "Google, AP reach deal for Google News content". CNET. August 30, 2010. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
1 2 "AP leaves 50 Rock for West 33rd Street Headquarters". The Associated Press (Press release). 2004-07-19. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
↑ Rachel L. Swarns, Darcy Eveleigh and Damien Cave (February 1, 2016). "Unpublished Black History". The New York Times. Retrieved February 1, 2016. The Times's picture agency, Wide World News Photo Service, which had staff members in London, Berlin and elsewhere, was sold to The Associated Press in 1941.
↑ The Associated Press (2009-05-21). "AP Mobile rings in one-year anniversary" Archived February 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine., AP, Press Release.
↑ "Associated Press Reports Narrow 2009 Profit". Media Post. 2010-04-30. Archived from the original on 4 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
↑ "Gary Pruitt, of McClatchy, to become new president and CEO of The Associated Press". Associated Press. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
1 2 AP Manager of the Year Award. Baseball-Almanac.com. Retrieved 2009-09-29. Although the award began in 1959, AP gave a "manager of the year" award in 1950 to Eddie Sawyer of the Philadelphia Phillies. "Eddie Sawyer Honored in Baseball Vote". Prescott Evening Courier. November 8, 1950. p. Section 2, Page 1. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
↑ In 1959, when the AP began its Manager of the Year Award for a manager in each league, The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award (begun in 1936) was for one manager in all of MLB. In 1983, MLB began its own Manager of the Year Award, for a manager in each league. The following year (1984) the AP changed its award to one in all of MLB. In 1986, The Sporting News changed its award to one for each league.
↑ "The Messy Falling Out Between The AP And iCopyright". Paid Content. December 7, 2010.
↑ "Fib Newton". Slate.com. October 29, 2002. Archived from the original on 8 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-16.
↑ "AP's Fair Use Challenge (Harvard Law)". Berkman Center for Internet and Society. 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
↑ Hansell, Saul (June 16, 2008). "The Associated Press to Set Guidelines for Using Its Articles in Blogs". New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-09. The Associated Press...said that it will, for the first time, attempt to define clear standards as to how much of its articles and broadcasts bloggers and Web sites can excerpt without infringing on The A.P.'s copyright.
↑ Memmott, Mark (11 January 2011). "Shepard Fairey And AP Settle Copyright Dispute Over 'Hope' Poster". NPR. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
↑ Schonfeld, Erick (February 22, 2009). "Hot News: The AP Is Living In The Last Century". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
↑ Anderson, Nate. "Who owns the facts? The AP and the "hot news" controversy". Ars Technica.
↑ The Associated Press v. All Headline News Corp. , 08 Civ. 323 (United States District Court, Southern District of New York 2009-02-17).
↑ "Citizen Media Law Project" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-06-04.
↑ Masnick, Mike (2010-06-01). "AP Sues Others For Copying Its Reporting, But Has No Problem Copying Bloggers Without Citation". TechDirt. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
↑ Sullivan, Danny (2010-06-01). "How The Mainstream Media Stole Our News Story Without Credit". Daggle. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
↑ Christina Costantini (2 April 2013). "Associated Press Drops 'Illegal Immigrant' From Stylebook". ABC News. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
↑ Ruben Navarrette (6 April 2013). "Ruben Navarrette: Why 'illegal' immigrant is the right term". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
↑ "Associated Press under scrutiny for nixing term 'illegal immigrant' from Stylebook". Fox News. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
↑ Samantha Murphy (April 23, 2013). "AP Twitter Hack Falsely Claims Explosions at White House". Mashable. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
↑ "Fake Tweet Erasing $136 Billion Shows Markets Need Humans". Bloomberg. April 23, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
↑ Sanchez, Raf (2013-05-13). "US Justice Department secretly seizes Associated Press phone records". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
↑ "US government secretly obtained Associated Press phone records". The Guardian. 15 May 2013.
↑ Ingram, David (2013-05-13). "Associated Press says U.S. government seized journalists' phone records". Reuters Canada. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
↑ Gallagher, Ryan. "Verizon Wireless Secretly Passed AP Reporters' Phone Records to Feds". Slate. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
↑ Curry, Tom. "Holder addresses AP leaks investigation, announces IRS probe". NBC News. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
1 2 3 4 Matti Friedman (30 November 2014). "What the Media Gets Wrong About Israel". The Atlantic. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
↑ "Broken Spring by Mark Lavie". Times of Israel. 15 September 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
↑ Lavie, Mark (August 2014). "Why Everything Reported from Gaza is Crazy Twisted". The Tower. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
↑ "Boycotting Israel: New pariah on the block". The Economist. 13 September 2007.
↑ "Ha'aretz columnist dropped by British Zionists". JTA. 31 August 2007.
↑ "Biased Wikipedia editing in Israel raises concerns of political meddling". France24. 17 June 2013. Draiman concealed the facts that he was an employee of NGO Monitor, often described as a right-wing group, and that he was using a second username, which is forbidden under Wikipedia's rules.
↑ Marcus, Lori Lowenthal (3 December 2014). "AP Disses 'Whistleblower' But a New Whistle Blows". The Jewish Press. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
↑ Bernstein, David (2 December 2014). "Blacklisting of pro-Israel watchdog organization NGO Monitor by the Associated Press". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
↑ Miller, Abraham (9 December 2014). "Associated Press sells out journalism principles for anti-Israel 'narrative'". The Hill. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
↑ Bernstein, David (3 December 2014). "Who is right about the AP's alleged blacklisting of pro-Israel watchdog NGO Monitor?". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
↑ Burns, Robert (10 October 2016). "AP Fact Check: Trump wrong that Assad fights IS". Associated Press. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
↑ POOLE, PATRICK (10 October 2016). "Associated Press Botches Trump Debate Fact Check on Assad and the Islamic State, Then Botches It Again". PJ Media. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
↑ "More than 2,000 enslaved fishermen rescued in 6 months". ap.org. ap.org. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
↑ "AP claim of freeing slaves". reddit.com. reddit.com. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
↑ "AP wins Pulitzer Prize for Seafood from Slaves investigation". www.ap.org. Retrieved 2016-09-15.
↑ "Revealed: how Associated Press cooperated with the Nazis".
↑ "Associated Press und die nationalsozialistische Bildpublizistik".
↑ "Facts & Figures: AP Board of Directors". Associated Press. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
Associated Press (2007). Breaking News: How the Associated Press Has Covered War, Peace and Everything Else. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 978-1-56898-689-0.
Fenby, Jonathan (1986). The International News Services. New York: Schocken Books. ISBN 0-8052-3995-2.
Schwarzlose, Richard Allen (1979). The American Wire Services: A Study of Their Development as a Social Institution. New York: Arno Press. ISBN 0-405-11774-4.
Schwarzlose, Richard Allen (1989). The Nation's Newsbrokers, Volume 1: The Formative Years: From Pretelegraph to 1865. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 0-8101-0818-6.
Schwarzlose, Richard Allen (1990). The Nation's Newsbrokers, Volume 2: The Rush to Institution: From 1865 to 1920. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 0-8101-0819-4.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Associated Press.
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APPROVE COMMIT guided-tour I'll be following up (probably tomorrow) with a few cosmetic changes (including Phil's patch). Norbert, please hold off on the package release until then. Thanks!
Index: ChangeLog =================================================================== RCS file: ChangeLog diff -N ChangeLog --- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000 +++ ChangeLog 4 May 2007 10:51:57 -0000 ＠＠ -0,0 +1,30 ＠＠ +2007-05-03 Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen(a)xemacs.org> + + Create package. + + * emacs-slides-1.odp: + * emacs-slides-2.odp: + * emacs-slides-3.odp: + * emacs-slides-1.pdf: + * emacs-slides-2.pdf: + * emacs-slides-3.pdf: + Import Phil Sung's "Guided Tour" content, from + http://stuff.mit.edu/iap/emacs/ ＠2007-02-18T09:15. + + Note: Phil graciously licensed these to XEmacs under the MIT/X11 + license allowing us to use *these versions only* in any way we + might want to inside of XEmacs (specifically, we can freely use + this content in our Texinfo manuals), but asks that we distribute + only under the GPL or GFDL or both. The content is copyright- + assigned to the FSF, and is publicly licensed only under the GPL + and GFDL (as of this writing). When in doubt as to the intent of + the permissions for use of content, ask Phil first, don't rely on + the letter of the law or licenses. + + * package-info.in: + * Makefile: + * ChangeLog: + New. Package infrastructure. + + * guided-tour.el: + New. Menuing infrastructure.
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In basic terms it is a disco where instead of 1 DJ playing at a disco, there are 3 playing at the same time. The music is played through wireless headphones and those wearing them can chose which DJ to listen to. The head sets themselves are comfortable, adjustable with easy to find controls for channel and volume change and have a 200m range.
What are the benefits of a silent disco?
1. You can't please everyone - Not everyone likes the same music which means you have a choice of 3 different songs to please more people. I found myself switching from one channel to another when I wasn't too keen on the tune being played which meant I wasn't forced to "sit this one out" when I didn't feel the groove.
2. You don't need to shout - if you want to talk to a friend all you have to do is take your headphones off - brilliant, no sore throats the next day!
3. Re-write the rules - Silent discos can be enjoyed in places which had traditionally been a no-go such as marquees, private homes and campsites.
The 3 DJs were great - singing and bopping along to their own tunes, spreading a fun, relaxed environment. A focus on playing music rather than filling the airwaves with their own voice was refreshing.
3. Be prepared to enjoy yourself and just let go - don't worry what channel you are listening to or what moves you are busting - just enjoy it for what it is - a overwhelming sense of freedom.
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عَنْ [أبي هُريرةَ] رَضِي اللهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: (قالَ رسولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: "إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ: مَنْ عَادَى لِي وَلِيًّا فَقَدْ آذَنْتُهُ بِالْحَرْبِ وَمَا تَقَرَّبَ إِلَيَّ عَبْدِي بِشَيْءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا افْتَرَضْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلاَ يَزَالُ عَبْدِي يَتَقَرَّبُ إِلَيَّ بِالنَّوَافِلِ حَتَّى أُحِبَّهُ، فَإِذَا أَحْبَبْتُهُ كُنْتُ سَمْعَهُ الَّذِي يَسْمَعُ بِهِ، وَبَصَرَهُ الَّذِي يُبْصِرُ بِهِ، وَيَدَهُ الَّتِي يَبْطِشُ بِهَا، وَرِجْلَهُ الَّتِي يَمْشِي بِهَا، وَلَئِنْ سَأَلَنِي لأَُعْطِيَنَّهُ، وَلَئِنِ اسْتَعَاذَنِي لأَُعِيذَنَّهُ"). رواه البخاريُّ.
The Prophet (ṣallallāhu ʿalayhi wasallam) said: Allāh, the Exalted, says, "Whoever shows enmity to a friend of Mine, I shall be at war with him. My servant does not draw near to Me with anything more loved by Me than the religious duties I have obligated upon him, and My servant continues to draw near to Me with supererogatory deeds until I love him. When I love him I am his hearing with which he hears, his seeing with which he sees, his hand with which he strikes, and his foot with which he walks. Were he to ask [something] of Me, I would surely give it to him and were he to ask Me for refuge, I would surely grant him it."
Select any of the options below to read commentaries in Arabic on hadith 38 related by Abū Hurayrah.
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Would you direct me to a history of this library?
How did it come into existence and who was Dr Roberto Incer Barquero?
Is this the main library in Nicaragua?
The Dr. Roberto Incer Barquero Library is located at km 7 of the southern highway (known as '7 sur') in Managua. The building is located next to the Central Bank of Nicaragua and it is designated to promote Nicaraguan culture.
The library has 67,000 books, free internet, a newspaper archive where you can borrow newspapers and magazines, and all the economical information of the Central Bank. Furthermore, the library offers a gallery in the same building, where famous Nicaraguan paintings as well as pieces from new, promising artists are continuously exhibited.
In the numismatic hall there is a permantent exhibition of Nicaraguan coins, bills, and memorial medals from throughout Nicaragua's history. There is also an auditorium available for events of all types with audio facilities and a capacity of 160 people.
When visiting Nicaragua, be sure not to miss this cultural center, legacy of Nicaragua.
The location of the library, which is in the urban center of Managua and inside the Central Bank of Nicaragua, makes it very easy to get to. You can take the buses that go to "7 Sur" (Universidad Centroamericana - UCA- might be a good place to catch them). Also, the library is situated 2 blocks East from the 7 Sur traffic lights.
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My goal: Find my love one and being with them for the rest of my life.
I Am: I will let you decide. I'm easy to get along with.
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Open science is the growing movement to make science open. Science was itself used as a primary example for the efficacy of the open source movement, citing practices such as open dissemination of information, methods, and peer review of the scientific literature. Open science arguably began in the 1600s with the advent of the scientific journal, and the practice of repeating the experiments submitted in the scholarly articles. These journals would be printed, and distributed around the world, often overseen by learned societies such as the Royal Society.
What drove the need for an open science movement?
The Royal Society had the famous motto “Nullius in verba”, roughly translated to “take nobody’s word for it." This embodied a general tenet in science that all theories are open to being questioned, and stated results must be repeatable. This was in fact a general practice that was performed by the society in those early years. In recent years this practice has not been as common, with more and more science relying on closed elements, ultimately leading to errors that are more difficult to spot without full sharing of data, methods, and publications.
The open science movement broadly states that science must be done in an open, and reproducible fashion where all components of research are open. Many journals remain stuck in a mode where journals were physically printed, despite being largely distributed online in this day and age. They often still use PDFs as a form of “electronic paper” with fixed publications, closed peer review processes, and little to no access to data. This was most certainly the most efficient mode of disseminating scientific knowledge in the before the dawn of the Internet, but is now viewed by a growing number as far from optimal.
Open science embodies a number aspects, at the core this includes open access, open data, open source, and open standards that offer unfettered dissemination of scientific discourse. These things enable reproducible science by giving full access to the major components of scientific research. There are a number of additional components that are being explored too, such as open peer review where the reviewers of scientific publications post reviews openly with their name attached, and open notebook science where the (traditionally closed) notebooks are published openly online as research is conducted.
Why is open science so important in the digital age?
There is also a growing realization that as scientific research depends more and more heavily on computer code for simulations, calculations, analysis, visualization, and general data processing it is important to have access to this code just as it has traditionally been important to show (and derive) any new mathematical techniques introduced for analysis. There are journals such as PLOS One and F1000 exploring the meaning of publications, whether they must be frozen in time, or can be updated. Data repositories are also growing in importance as funding agencies require the publication and preservation of data generated by funded research.
At its core open science is about getting back to those core values instilled by some of the earliest scientists that we should take no one’s word for it, that it is essential all elements pertinent to a claimed discovery are published so that the results can be repeated and validated. The open science movement varies in the degree to which they require this, but patterns are emerging. Recommendations on licensing, such as CC0 for data, CC-BY for publications, OSI-compliant licenses for source code, and open formats for data are being established. Ultimately it is about empowering everyone to take part in science, with the Internet as a primary vehicle for the wide dissemination of this knowledge.
This movement is changing the way science is done, it is receiving backing from many funding agencies as they require data management plans, source code distribution plans, and greater validation of results through open access to these results for all. This also improves the transfer of knowledge from academia to industry as full access is given either at the point of publication or after an embargo period. The open science movement is largely confined to that research which is funded by the national funding agencies around the world, and demands that all those who fund research are given full and equal access to it.
Opensource.com community moderator Marcus Hanwell contributed to this resource.
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The Cape Rough Skinned Lemon is the oldest variety of lemon in South Africa. It was named for its bumpy, uneven thick skinned yellow fruit, and is sweeter than other lemon varieties. The fruit is oval, and 7 to 12cm in length. The tree has an upright habit with a roundish crown, growing to an average 3 to 6m in height, and has sharp thorns on the branches. It has dense foliage, and the leaves are oval shaped, and a dark, slightly glossy green.
Cape rough-skin lemon trees were brought to South Africa from the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean, during the 17th century, and planted in the Cape Town gardens of Jan van Riebeeck, a Dutch Colonial administrator. These gardens were planted with many fruits and vegetables, for European traders circumnavigating Africa, to do trade in the East. The traders would stop at the Cape to rest, and have fresh food from these gardens. Citrus fruit (lemons and oranges) were popular with the sailors, because their high vitamin C content was useful for combating scurvy, a disease that resulted from a lack of vitamin C, due to shortage of fresh food available on long distance sea journeys.
The exact origins of Citrus Jambhiri are uncertain, although it is thought to be endemic to North-Western India, and would have been planted on the island of St. Helena when it became a stop-over for ships sailing between Europe, Africa, and Asia, in the 16th Century. Citrus Jambhiri initially thrived in St. Helena, but was eventually overcome by the diseases of the region and became extinct.
In South Africa, starting at the Cape, the rough-skinned lemon thrived, and then became popular throughout the country, where it became acclimatized to a diversity of regions, from the humid sub-tropical East Coast, to the drier and colder inland regions.
In the diamond mining town of Kimberley, North-West Province, Cape rough-skinned lemons were planted as street trees during the Anglo-Boer War, at the turn of the 20th Century to combat scurvy. Very few of the original trees remain, and while the tradition of planting lemon trees as street trees continues, the Cape rough skinned lemons are gradually being replaced by the more popular smooth skinned and commercially available varieties such as Eureka and Meyer lemon trees.
Being sweeter than the usual commercially available lemons, but still having the usual sour, tart lemon flavor and aroma, the Cape rough lemon makes an excellent lemon juice.
A tradition with school children in Kimberley, is to make a delicious healthy snack of the lemons picked from the street trees, peeling off the skins and sprinkling the lemons with salt and Peri-peri (dried chili powder), before eating them.
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1) the storage of carbon in the soil. Grasslands accumulate carbon mainly in the form of organic matter in the first thirty centimeters of soil. The carbon stock of a meadow is a function of pedoclimatic conditions, plot history, age, and floristic composition of the canopy. The key factors in the constitution and preservation of the carbon stock are the levels of primary production (plant biomass produced) and organic restitution (livestock manure from pasture or manure spreading), as well as soil disturbances which, by accelerating the mineralization of organic matter, induce destocking.
2) N2O emissions related to mineral nitrogen fertilization or manure management. These emissions are all the more important as the nitrogen inputs are in excess of the vegetation absorption capacity; however, recent studies suggest that actual fertilization habits would often exceed effective intakes by a quarter. A reduction in nitrogen inputs thus makes it possible to reduce the direct and indirect emissions of N2O. N2O emissions also come from animal droppings; a change in their diet can affect the amount of nitrogen excreted and therefore N2O emissions. The overturning of the grassland, by accelerating the decomposition of soil organic matter, transforms organic nitrogen into mineral nitrogen, causing direct and indirect N2O emissions.
4) CH4 emissions related to enteric fermentation and manure management. They are influenced by the diet; they are reduced by a ration based on grass. Emissions resulting from the fermentation of manure are more important in the anaerobic conditions that prevail in building and during the storage of effluents, than in the grasslands.
What are the possibilities for optimizing grassland management on these different criteria?
A first action is to lengthen the duration of grazing: put the animals in pasture earlier in the spring, and return them later in the end of autumn. Grazing is likely to increase N2O emissions because soil can be compacted by trampling animals (more anaerobic conditions), and manure can move under less favorable moisture or temperature conditions than when spreading is performed under selected conditions. However, grazing avoids the N2O and CH4 emissions associated with the indoor management of manure and the spreading of effluents, as compared to indoor consumption of harvested grass. Animal load on the plot has an influence on direct and indirect N2O emissions and on CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation and animal waste.
Increasing the duration of temporary grassland is also being studied, reducing the frequency of grassland turnover: less fuel consumed, and a longer carbon storage phase, without increasing temporary grassland areas.
"Desintensify" grasslands would result in lower fertilizer inputs, and would not generally be detrimental as grasslands are currently over-fertilized. A decrease of the contributions of 10 to 14% according to the situation would be easily possible.
At the same time, the small intensification of low productivity permanent grasslands could increase carbon storage by stimulating crop production: moderate grass removal, and increased manure input, by a simple means which is increasing animal loading on these grasslands.
The French Livestock Institute (IDELE) is a non-profit, non-governmental R&D organization appointed by the French ministry of agriculture as technical center for agriculture (member of ITA network).
First ranking research institute in agriculture in Europe, second worldwide agricultural science provider, the INRA conducts researches concerning major society stakes.
Les surfaces prairiales sont au cœur du débat environnemental en raison de leur apport à la multifonctionnalité des élevages et de leur effet sur la réduction des impacts environnementaux.
Quelle contribution de l'agriculture Française à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre ?
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Do other public schools have foundations?
Yes, quite a few communities in the area have education foundations and there are hundreds across the country. Edgemont, Chappaqua, and Bronxville established school foundations more than 20 years ago. In Westchester, foundations also support the school systems in Bedford, Dobbs Ferry, Harrison, Irvington, Katonah, Pelham, and Rye, among others. In addition, the recent imposition of the State property tax “cap” and other economic factors have motivated more communities in the area to take steps to establish their own foundations.
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There are so many reasons as to why strength training is beneficial to your body and mind. Here are some benefits that will explain why one should add strength training into a workout routine.
Beneficial for Bone Health and Diseases: Since research has shown that we lose bone and muscle strength after the age of 20. Strength training is the best way to reverse the bone and muscle loss that will occur. Strength training can also decrease arthritis pain and increase bone density in post-menopausal women. Improves glucose control in type 2 diabetics and also beneficial for individuals with Parkinson’s Disease and helps to prevent Osteoporosis.
Improves your mood and increases energy level: Working out is a natural antidepressant because your body releases endorphins which make your “feel good”. It also makes you sleep better so you will be more energized throughout the day.
Good for your health: Strength training increases you muscle mass which promotes long-term fat loss and keeps the weight off! The increase in muscle mass will increase your metabolism and as a result, you will burn more calories per minute at rest and active.
Improves everyday function: Reduces the risk of injury from everyday activities like picking up kids, carrying groceries, walking up stairs, etc.
The way you look: You will develop more lean body fat and decrease your body fat, creating a tighter more defined look. You will be able to feel and see the tone of your muscle.
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Whether you love him or hate him, James Maslow has become a hot topic on this debut season of Celebrity Big Brother. James was meant to be sent packing during the first eviction, but with the help of Shannon Elizabeth, the house was flipped and Chuck Liddell went home instead. Now people are curious to learn more about James. For instance, what band was Big Brother star James in and are they still together?
Back in 2009, Nickelodeon released a new TV series called Big Time Rush, which followed four hockey players from Minnesota as they moved to L.A. to try and become a boy band. While the plot line was fictional, the boy band part was not and the four actors who played the characters and shared their first names, became the real band known as Big Time Rush. Along with James, the band consisted of Kendall Schmidt, Carlos PenaVega, and Logan Henderson.
The TV series went on for four seasons before it was cancelled in 2013. During that time the band released three full length albums, BTR, Elevate, and 24/Seven, along with a soundtrack for their TV movie, Big Time Movie. They also had features from artists like Jordin Sparks, Iyaz, and Cymphonique on their music.
Unfortunately, after the show ended, so did the band. Although there were rumors the band would continue to make music, that never happened and Big Time Rush haven't performed together since. Instead, they've each gone on to do their own things and pursue solo careers.
Following the end of Big Time Rush, James focused on his acting for a while, appearing on TV shows like See Dad Run and Sequestered, and released a web series called Be Right Back, on his YouTube channel. However, he continued to work with music. James was featured on MattyB's single "Never Too Young," and released a number of covers of songs like "Cheerleader" and "One Call Away" on iTunes in 2015. He also continues to do covers on his YouTube channel.
Then, in March 2017, James released his first solo album, How I Like It. He was then named the 2017 iHeartRadio "Rising Star" winner in July. Although he hasn't announced his second album yet, he recently released a new single titled, "Falling," which has many fans believing his sophomore album is coming soon. If he is working on his second album, hopefully being in the Big Brother house won't derail those plans.
While James is now pursuing his music, he also isn't leaving acting behind completely. He has a few projects lined up for this year, including the films Black Skies, Bachelor Lions, which costars Hannah Montana star Mitchel Musso, and The Boarder. For now though, you can watch James as he continues to compete on Celebrity Big Brother.
Now that he's managed to stay in the house for a bit longer, James is actually beginning to figure out how to play the game. Though he's been a little cocky, when Shannon asked him to step back and let Ross win the next Head-of-Household, James complied. Unlike some others, James knows how to play a long game, and while winning HOH is always nice, James just got off the block and being HOH would've just drawn even more attention to him.
Could James actually make it all the way to the end and win this season of Celebrity Big Brother? You'll just have to keep tuning in to see how all of this ends up shaking out.
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0.953435 |
Consider the data below in Table 1, given in Campbell and Swinscow (2009).
A general practitioner wants to compare the mean of the printers' blood pressures with the mean of the farmers' blood pressures.
In comparing the mean blood pressures of the printers and the farmers we are testing the hypothesis that the two samples came from the same population of blood pressures. The hypothesis that there is no difference between the population from which the printers' blood pressures were drawn and the population from which the farmers' blood pressures were drawn is called the null hypothesis.
But what do we mean by "no difference"? Chance alone will almost certainly ensure that there is some difference between the sample means, for they are most unlikely to be identical. Consequently, we set limits within which we shall regard the samples as not having any significant difference. If we set the limits at twice the standard error of the difference, and regard a mean outside this range as coming from another population, we shall on average be wrong about one time in 20 if the null hypothesis is in fact true. If we do obtain a mean difference bigger than two standard errors we are faced with two choices: either an unusual event has happened, or the null hypothesis is incorrect. Imagine tossing a coin five times and getting the same face each time. This has nearly the same probability (6.3%) as obtaining a mean difference bigger than two standard errors when the null hypothesis is true. Do we regard it as a lucky event or suspect a biased coin? If we are unwilling to believe in unlucky events, we reject the null hypothesis, in this case that the coin is a fair one.
To reject the null hypothesis when it is true is to make what is known as a type I error. The level at which a result is declared significant is known as the type I error rate, often denoted by α. We try to show that a null hypothesis is unlikely, not its converse (that it is likely), so a difference which is greater than the limits we have set, and which we therefore regard as "significant", makes the null hypothesis unlikely. However, a difference within the limits we have set, and which we therefore regard as "non-significant", does not make the hypothesis likely. To repeat an old adage, 'absence of evidence is not evidence of absence'.
A range of not more than two standard errors is often taken as implying "no difference" but there is nothing to stop investigators choosing a range of three standard errors (or more) if they want to reduce the chances of a type I error.
In testing whether the difference in blood pressure of printers and farmers could have arisen by chance, the general practitioner seeks to reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between them. The question is, how many multiples of its standard error does the difference in means represent? Since the difference in means is 9 mmHg and its standard error is 0.81 mmHg, the answer is: 9/0.805=11.2. We usually denote the ratio of an estimate to its standard error by "z", that is, z = 11.2. Reference to Normal Tables shows that z is far beyond the figure of 3.291 standard deviations, representing a probability of 0.001 (or 1 in 1000). The probability of a difference of 11.2 standard errors or more occurring by chance is therefore exceedingly low, and correspondingly the null hypothesis that these two samples came from the same population of observations is exceedingly unlikely. This probability is known as the P value and may be written P.
It is worth recapping this procedure, which is at the heart of statistical inference. Suppose that we have samples from two groups of subjects, and we wish to see if they could plausibly come from the same population. The first approach would be to calculate the difference between two statistics (such as the means of the two groups) and calculate the 95% confidence interval. If the two samples were from the same population we would expect the confidence interval to include zero 95% of the time, and so if the confidence interval excludes zero we suspect that they are from a different population. The other approach is to compute the probability of getting the observed value, or one that is more extreme, if the null hypothesis were correct. This is the P value. If this is less than a specified level (usually 5%) then the result is declared significant and the null hypothesis is rejected. These two approaches, the estimation and hypothesis testing approach, are complementary. Imagine if the 95% confidence interval just captured the value zero, what would be the P value? A moment's thought should convince one that it is 2.5%. This is known as a one-sided P value, because it is the probability of getting the observed result or one bigger than it. However, the 95% confidence interval is two sided, because it excludes not only the 2.5% above the upper limit but also the 2.5% below the lower limit. To support the complementarity of the confidence interval approach and the null hypothesis testing approach, most authorities double the one sided P value to obtain a two sided P value.
It is important to realise that when we are comparing two groups a non-significant result does not mean that we have proved the two samples come from the same population - it simply means that we have failed to prove that they do not come from the population. When planning studies it is useful to think of what differences are likely to arise between the two groups, or what would be clinically worthwhile; for example, what do we expect to be the improved benefit from a new treatment in a clinical trial? This leads to a study hypothesis, which is a difference we would like to demonstrate. To contrast the study hypothesis with the null hypothesis, it is often called the alternative hypothesis. If we do not reject the null hypothesis when in fact there is a difference between the groups we make what is known as a type II error. The type II error rate is often denoted as β. The power of a study is defined as 1-β and is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false. The most common reason for type II errors is that the study is too small.
The relationship between Type I and Type II errors is shown in Table 2. One has to imagine a series of cases, in some of which the null hypothesis is true and in some of which it is false. In either situation we carry out a significance test, which sometimes is significant and sometimes not.
The concept of power is only relevant when a study is being planned. After a study has been completed, we wish to make statements not about hypothetical alternative hypotheses but about the data, and the way to do this is with estimates and confidence intervals.
Usually the significance level is predefined (5% or 1%).
For continuous data, obtain the standard deviation of the outcome measure.
For binary data, obtain the incidence of the outcome in the control group (for a trial) or in the non-exposed group (for a case-control study or cohort study).
Choose an effect size. This is the size of the effect that would be 'clinically' meaningful.
For example, in a clinical trial, the sort of effect that would make it worthwhile changing treatments. In a cohort study, the size of risk that implies a public hazard.
Use sample size tables or a computer program to deduce the required sample size.
Often some negotiation is required to balance the power, effect size and an achievable sample size.
One should always adjust the required sample size upwards to allow for dropouts.
3. Many similar studies are being carried out at the same time.
1. To specify clearly in the protocol which are the primary outcomes (few in number) and which are the secondary outcomes.
2. To specify at which time interim analyses are being carried out, and to allow for multiple testing.
3. To do a careful review of all published and also unpublished studies. Of course, the latter, by definition, are harder to find.
A useful technique is the Bonferroni correction. This states that if one is doing n independent tests one should specify the type I error rate as α/n rather than α. Thus, if one has 10 independent outcomes, one should declare a significant result only if the p-value attached to one of them is less than 5%/10, or 0.5%. This test is conservative, i.e. less likely to give a significant result because tests are rarely independent. It is usually used informally, as a rule of thumb, to help decide if something which appears unusual is in fact quite likely to have happened by chance.
Campbell MJ and Swinscow TDV. Statistics at Square One 11th ed. Wiley-Blackwell: BMJ Books 2009. Chapter 6.
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0.953415 |
The 1974 New York state election was held on November 5, 1974, to elect the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, two judges of the New York Court of Appeals and a U.S. Senator, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.
In 1973, Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller resigned, and was succeeded by Lt. Gov. Malcolm Wilson.
In 1973, Judge Charles D. Breitel was elected Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, and Judge Adrian P. Burke resigned, effective December 31, 1973, thus leaving two vacancies on the Court of Appeals. In January 1974, Republican Samuel Rabin and Democrat Harold A. Stevens, the Presiding Justices of the Appellate Division's First and Second Departments, were appointed by Governor Malcolm Wilson to fill the vacancies temporarily.
The Democratic State Committee met from June 13 to 15 at Niagara Falls, New York, and designated Howard J. Samuels for Governor, but Congressman Hugh L. Carey polled enough votes to force a primary election. They also designated Mario M. Cuomo for Lieutenant Governor; the incumbent Arthur Levitt for Comptroller; Robert R. Meehan for Attorney General; Judge Harold A. Stevens and Appellate Justice Lawrence H. Cooke for the Court of Appeals; and Mayor of Syracuse Lee Alexander for the U.S. Senate. Despite the state committee's stance, Carey and his reformist slate found support in disparate quarters. In August he was strongly endorsed by former New York City mayor Robert F. Wagner who, drawing a pointed comparison to Samuels, called Carey "free of boss ties and obligations". The primary election was held on September 10. Carey and his allies swept to victory: all the state party's designees were defeated, with only the unopposed Comptroller Levitt and one unopposed judge surviving the upset.
The Republican State Committee met on June 12 at the Nassau Coliseum, and designated the incumbents Wilson, Lefkowitz, Rabin, Stevens and Javits for re-election; and completed the ticket with Nassau County Executive Ralph G. Caso for Lieutenant Governor; and Ex-Mayor of Rochester Stephen May for Comptroller. On June 28, Rabin declined to run because he was already 69, just one year short of the constitutional age limit, and on July 22, Appellate Justice Louis M. Greenblott, of Binghamton, was designated instead.
The Conservative State Committee met on June 15, and designated the incumbent Republican Governor Wilson for re-election. T. David Bullard polled enough votes to force a primary election, but withdrew on June 29. They also designated Republican Ralph G. Caso for Lieutenant Governor; Bradley J. Hurd (born c. 1902), "lumber dealer," of Buffalo, for Comptroller; Edward F. Campbell (born c. 1920), of Huntington, for Attorney General; the incumbent Democrat Harold A. Stevens, and Manhattan lawyer Henry S. Middendorf, Jr., for the Court of Appeals; and Barbara A. Keating, of Larchmont, for the U.S. Senate.
The Liberal State Committee met on June 15, and designated Ex-Deputy Mayor of New York Edward A. Morrison for Governor; and Raymond B. Harding, of The Bronx, for Lieutenant Governor; with the understanding that both would step aside in favor of the winners of the Democratic primary to be held in September. They also endorsed the incumbents Levitt (Dem.), Lefkowitz (Rep.), Stevens (Dem.) and Javits (Rep.) for re-election. On September 14, Morrison and Harding withdrew, and the State Committee endorsed the Democratic nominees Hugh L. Carey for Governor; and Mary Anne Krupsak for Lieutenant Governor. Morrison and Harding were nominated to run for the New York Supreme Court.
The Republican, Liberal and Conservative tickets designated by the state committees were not challenged in primaries.
Six minor parties filed petitions to nominate candidates and appeared on the ballot.
The "Courage Party," the New York state branch of the American Party, nominated Dr. Wayne S. Amato (born c. 1941), Ph.D. in chemical engineering, assistant professor at Syracuse University, for Governor; Charles R. Schanger, of Redford, for Lieutenant Governor; and Dr. William F. Dowling, Jr., dentist, of Garden City, for the U.S. Senate.
The Free Libertarian Party nominated Jerry Tuccille, of Tarrytown, for Governor; Louis J. Sicilia, of Manhattan, for Lieutenant Governor; Robert S. Flanzer, of Brooklyn, for Comptroller; Leland W. Schubert, of Manhattan, for Attorney General; Melvin J. Hirshowitz and Jack A. Martin, both of Manhattan, for the Court of Appeals; and Percy L. Greaves, Jr., for the U.S. Senate.
The Socialist Workers Party nominated Derrick Morrison (born 1946), of Manhattan, a writer for The Militant, for Governor. Morrison was actually ineligible for the office which requires a minimum age of 30. They also nominated James Mendietta, of Brooklyn, for Lieutenant Governor; Sam Manuel for Comptroller; Raymond Markey (born c. 1940), librarian, for Attorney General; and Rebecca Finch (born c. 1944) for the U.S. Senate.
The Communist Party nominated Jose A. Ristorrucci (born c. 1943 in Puerto Rico) for Governor; Carol Twigg, of Buffalo, for Lieutenant Governor; Daniel Spector, of Brooklyn, for Comptroller; Michael Zagarell for Attorney General; and Mildred Edelman, of Manhattan, for the U.S. Senate.
The Socialist Labor Party nominated John Emanuel for Governor; and Robert E. Massi (born c. 1944), lawyer, of Brooklyn, for the U.S. Senate.
The U.S. Labor Party nominated Anton Chaitkin for Governor; Victoria Staton for Lieutenant Governor; Leif O. Johnson, of Manhattan, for Comptroller; Raymond M. Martino, of Goshen, for Attorney General; and Elijah C. Boyd, Jr. (born c. 1944), of manhattan, for the U.S. Senate.
The incumbents Levitt, Lefkowitz and Javits were re-elected. The incumbents Wilson and Stevens were defeated.
The number is total of votes on Democratic and Liberal tickets for Carey/Krupsak, total of votes on Republican and Conservative tickets for Wilson/Caso, and total of votes on Republican and Liberal tickets for Javits.
This was the last time judges of the Court of Appeals were elected by popular ballot. After the election of Jacob D. Fuchsberg, who had entered the Democratic primary by petition, gathering signatures, the political and legal establishment thought that the filling of vacancies on the State's highest court could not be entrusted to the electorate anymore. Traditionally, the nominees had been selected by the party leaders and ratified by the state conventions from among the most experienced and respected judges of lower courts, with occasional intrusions of well-respected politicians who were lawyers, like Kenneth Keating. Even the New York City Bar Association had urged the defeat of Fuchsberg, a trial lawyer without any experience on the bench, who campaigned vigorously and spent much money on his campaign.
Traditionally, the nominees for the Court of Appeals did not campaign at all and just accompanied the remainder of the ticket, most of the nominees having bipartisan backing during the last 60 years. The impression arose that any shyster or ambulance chaser could get on the Court of Appeals if he was an enrolled party member and gathered signatures to get into the primary by petition and then spent a lot of money to make his name known to the voters. Thus, in 1977, the State Constitution was amended, and, since 1978, vacancies on the Court of Appeals have been filled by appointment: a judicial selection panel submits names to the Governor who nominates one from the list for confirmation by the New York State Senate.
^ Ronan, Thomas F. (August 1, 1974). "Wagner Endorses Carey Candidacy". The New York Times. p. 56. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
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When people are facing trauma or stress, they need to have coping mechanisms in place to help them to manage their painful and difficult emotions, helping them to adjust to the stressful events they are experiencing while enabling them to maintain emotional well-being.
Significant events in life, both negative and positive, may cause someone to suffer from psychological stress. Divorce, death, unemployment, and family issues can all result in distressing emotions coming to the fore that can be hard to cope with. However, there are also some positive events that can result in a lot of personal, stress as well. Buying a property, having a baby or getting married may all seem like happy events, but, the pressure placed on the individual can take its toll.
In order to cope with the stress being experienced, people who are going through these challenging times often use a combination of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors to adjust. While some people think that defense mechanisms are the same thing as coping mechanisms, this is not the case. While there are some shared similarities, they are not identical.
While defense mechanisms occur unconsciously, with people being unaware that they are in use, coping mechanisms, conversely, occur consciously and have a purpose. Coping mechanisms can be used to handle external situations that are a result of problems, while defense mechanisms change the individual’s psychological state.
Coping styles may either be emotion-focused or problem-focused. While a problem-focused strategy is usually linked to dealing with the problem itself to reduce the stress, emotion-focused coping mechanisms are associated with helping the individual to handle his or her distressing feelings.
Coping mechanisms may also be avoidant or active. An active coping mechanism involves being aware of the stress factor and making a conscious effort to reduce that stress. Meanwhile, an avoidant coping mechanism is characterized by avoiding or ignoring the problem altogether.
While some coping methods may work in the short term, they cannot remain effective over a longer period of time. Counterproductive coping mechanisms that are ineffective and have negative consequences are sometimes known as “maladaptive,” while “adaptive” mechanisms are effective and healthy forms of managing difficult situations.
* Getting support – Talking about stressful events can be one very effective way of managing stress.
* Relaxation – By participating in relaxing sober activities, such as listening to music, meditating or using calming techniques, it is possible to reduce stress.
* Problem-solving – by identifying the problem and then taking action to manage it, it’s possible to handle stress more effectively.
* Humor – By laughing at a difficult situation, it is possible to maintain a healthy perspective and stop everything from being too overwhelming.
* Exercise – Physical activity is a healthy and natural way to relieve stress. Yoga, running, dancing, and walking are just some of the activities you can try to cope with stress.
Developing positive coping skills often helps to improve emotional and mental well-being. If you are better able to adjust to traumatic or stressful situations by using positive coping mechanisms, you will be less at risk of depression and anxiety. If you use negative coping mechanisms, however, your emotional and mental health will be affected. Drinking alcohol excessively and taking drugs often helps to reduce stress in the short term. But, once addiction sets in, it can be harder to cope overall. Many people fall into substance abuse as a result of negative coping mechanisms and finding a way of changing that mindset and finding alternative ways to handle stress is vital in quitting for good and treating the substance abuse disorder.
* Finding a resolution to the problem.
* Developing an objective viewpoint of stresses.
* Developing strong self-control and self-discipline.
* Asking for help and accepting support.
Because those who have a substance abuse disorder have been used to taking drugs and alcohol as a primary coping mechanism, it requires practice and time to learn new and healthier ways of coping. Part of the rehab process is to learn skills that will ensure that regardless of what happens in life, it will be possible to cope without relapse. By developing healthy and positive coping mechanisms, it is possible to live a happy and substance-free life without the risk of relapse and without the negative impacts of substance abuse.
SOBA College Recovery Addiction Treatment Center provides a customized approach to the treatment of substance addiction in young people. By looking under the surface at the reasons that lie beneath the addiction problem, SOBA’s doctors and qualified therapists can address an individual’s inability to cope with stress in an appropriate way and help him or her to learn new strategies for stress management that do not involve using substances to avoid or escape problems in life.
If either you or a young person in your life is using alcohol or drugs as a negative coping mechanism, it’s time to seek professional help to get on the path to a sober and productive lifestyle. SOBA is here to help and can provide the long-term tools and skills necessary to stand firm against substance abuse and to face the future with positive coping mechanisms and strategies.
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0.999916 |
Emotion refers to a state characterized by physiological arousal, changes in facial expression, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings ; a pattern of action elicited by an external event and a feeling state, accompanied by a characteristic physiological response.
Moreover, Emotion is a subjective state of positive or negative affect often accompanied by a degree of arousal or activation; a motivational construct that is characterized by changes in affect (or feelings), physiological responses, cognitions, and overt behavior.
Emotions are emotional experiences which are usually more intense and shorter lasting than moods.
emotion refers to the pattern of action elicited by an external event and a feeling state, accompanied by a characteristic physiological response.
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0.965912 |
On what would have been the King’s 80th birthday, an acetate recording of the Elvis ballad My Happiness has sold at auction for the sum of $300,000 (£198,413).
Made in 1953 at Sun Records, the Memphis studio operated by Sam Phillips, it was the first song that Presley, then 18, ever recorded.
Paying $4 for the session, it is said that Presley then left the studios and went to the home of friend Ed Leek to listen to it – as his own family did not have a record player – and left the record behind. My Happiness was offered to the auction house by Leek’s niece, who inherited the record.
The track is a pop standard which was initially made famous in the mid-twentieth century and has been interpreted by a number of artists throughout the decades, including Ella Fitzgerald and Fats Domino.
Bidding began at $50,000 (£330,68) on 8 January and it was purchased by an undisclosed buyer at Presley’s former home Graceland, now also a museum and tourist attraction.
Other items on sale at the auction include an autographed copy of That’s All Right, a custom designed watch featuring a Star of David design, his first driver’s license and the jacket he wore in the Viva Las Vegas film.
To mark the great musician’s birthday, hundreds of fans joined Presley’s family in Memphis, Tennessee, with Presley’s former wife Priscilla and their child Lisa Marie, along with Elvis’ grandchildren, slicing an eight-tier cake to celebrate.
Last week, a number of considerably more pricey items of Elvis memorabilia went on sale: Presley’s pair of personal jets – one of which has a gilded wash basin and plush sleeping quarters – are expected to fetch between $10m and $15m.
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Battlefield 5 has been revealed... and it's called Battlefield 1. EA announced the game during a livestream event that confirmed the game's World War 1 setting and a 21 October worldwide release date on PS4, Xbox One and PC.
The trailer (embedded below) reveals a handful of Battlefield 1's locations - including the Western Front, Italian Alps, a unnamed European city and the Arabian Desert. The footage is set to a cover - of course, it's a video game trailer - of The White Stripes' Seven Nation Army.
EA has also confirmed that the game will be playable at EA Play in June (a fan-event held to coincide with the E3 trade show) and that there will be a open beta later this year. Those who pre-order the Early Enlister Deluxe Edition will receive the game early on 18 October, and EA Access subscribers on Xbox One will also get early access for a limited time.
There will be a wide variety of period-appropriate vehicles in the game, including armoured cars, tanks and bi-planes. Cavalry will also play a part for the first time in the series' history - and yes, the horses can be ridden.
During a discussion with members of the Battlefield team at DICE - held at an event in London shortly before the official reveal - 64 player online multiplayer, Assault, Support, Medic and Scout classes, and weapon customisation were all confirmed.
This is DICE's first Battlefield since Battlefield 4, which was released in 2013. Hardline, a spin-off developed by Dead Space team Visceral Games, was released in 2015 to mixed reviews. Since their last Battlefield, DICE has developed Star Wars Battlefront and upcoming sequel Mirror's Edge Catalyst.
Rumours circulated back in February that Battlefield 5 would be set during World War 1, raising questions as to how that would work within the structure of a modern shooter - particularly when it comes to multiplayer. This must have been how a subsequent rumour started which suggested the game would be set in an alternate human history - which is not the case.
Do Nintendo's E3 and NX plans reveal a company in crisis?
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What is true for statistical sampling?
A. Statistical sampling can be used to verify for each individual item in a lot, whether it can be accepted or must be rejected.
B. Attribute sampling means collection of quantitative data showing the level of conformity for each item of a sample.
C. Variables sampling includes collection of quantitative data on the degree of conformity for each item of a sample.
D. Statistical sampling is commonly used in quality assurance to examine if items of a lot conform to quality standards.
Yes Sarthy the correct answer is option C.
Statistical Sampling is chosing part of a population of interest for inspection. Sample frequency & size should be determined during the Plan Quality Management process.
Statistical sampling might also involve determining the standard deviation for a process, as discussed in the control chart tool and technique.
The measurements taken during attribute sampling determine whether they meet one of two options, conforming or nonconforming. In other words, the measurements conform or meet the requirement or they do not conform.
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The solution for chronic inflammation, regarded as the cause of most common modern diseases, has been identified! And it is not blueberries. It is something right beneath our feet-the Earth itself!Throughout most of evolution humans walked barefoot and slept on the ground, largely oblivious that the surface of the Earth contains limitless healing energy. Science has discovered this energy as free-flowing electrons constantly replenished by solar radiation and lightning. Few people know it, but the ground provides a subtle electric signal that maintains health and governs the intricate mechanisms that make our bodies work-just like plugging a lamp into a power socket makes it light up. Modern lifestyle, including the widespread use of insulative rubber or plastic-soled shoes, has disconnected us from this energy and, of course, we no longer sleep on the ground as we did in times past.Earthing introduces the planet's powerful, amazing, and overlooked natural healing energy and how people anywhere can readily connect to it. This eye-opening book describes how the physical disconnect with the Earth creates abnormal physiology and contributes to inflammation, pain, fatigue, stress, and poor sleep. By reconnecting to the Earth, symptoms are rapidly relieved and even eliminated and recovery from surgery, injury, and athletic overexertion is accelerated.This never-before-told story-filled with fascinating research and real-life testimonials- chronicles a discovery with the potential to create a global health revolution.
Das Grundsystem als wissenschaftliche Basis der biologischen Medizin Wo entstehen Krankheiten im Körper und wo setzt eine Therapie am besten an? Die Antwort ist ganz einfach: im Grundsystem. Das System der Grundregulation ist die wissenschaftliche Basis der biologischen Medizin, in ihm werden alle biologischen Vorgänge reguliert. Eine Störung der Grundregulation hat grundlegende Bedeutung bei der Krankheitsentwicklung insbesondere chronischer Erkrankungen oder von Tumoren. Das Grundsystem bildet auch die gemeinsame theoretische und funktionelle Basis einer Vielzahl komplementärmedizinischer Methoden. Dieses Lehrbuch ist eine gut strukturierte, ausführliche Einführung in dieses komplexe Erklärungsmodell. Es beschreibt die regulativen Zusammenhänge des Grundsystems, gibt Hinweise für die Therapie und stellt die Bezüge zu einzelnen Therapieverfahren her. Die 4. Auflage wurde komplett überarbeitet und um neue Erkenntnisse aus der Regulations- und Tumorforschung erweitert. Das Grundlagenwerk zum tieferen Verständnis der biologischen Medizin.
Energy should be your number one priority if youre a business owner, manager or entrepreneur. After all, its our most powerful tool: Energy gets us out of bed every day, and it draws opportunities our way. It is also what keeps us charged up so we can perform at our best. East meets West in this guide to bolstering your energy with these eleven models that will help you master work performance. Get the tools you need to: integrate personal power with commercial intelligence; stay connected to your work passion; make intuitive decisions; and triple the effectiveness of any business strategy. This is much more than a series of ideasits a how-to manual and personal workbook you can use every day to enhance your performance at work. Get the guidance you need to master your personal energy and bolster your success on the job with Zenful Business.
Step-by-step instructions to build your own beautiful, environmentally-friendly, healthy natural home.
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Washington (CNN)The U.S. Army’s elite Delta Force operations to target, capture or kill top ISIS operatives have begun in Iraq, after several weeks of covert preparation, an administration official with direct knowledge of the force’s activities told CNN.
The official said the group has spent the last several weeks preparing, including setting up safe houses, establishing informant networks and coordinating operations with Iraqi and Peshmerga units. It’s the same strategy that Special Operations forces have used in previous deployments to combat zones.
“The only thing I’ll say is the (Expeditionary Targeting Force) is in position, it is having an effect and operating, and I expect it to be a very effective part of our acceleration campaign,” he said during a press conference.
According to Carter, the force will conduct raids, seize places and people, and free ISIS-held hostages and prisoners.
A U.S. official told CNN that Carter’s statement reflects that Delta operations have begun.
CNN is not detailing any precise locations or operations. Based on several interviews with U.S. officials however, a growing role is rapidly emerging for Special Operations forces in Iraq and Syria.
CNN has learned that Delta Force plans to replicate the strategy that Special Operations forces used for years in Iraq and Afghanistan. The plan: Gather enough intelligence to stage raids on terror compounds and hideouts. Then from intelligence gathered at those sites, such as laptops and cellphones, forces will try to rapidly learn more about ISIS networks and quickly attack additional related targets.
It’s a strategy that worked in May 2015, when Delta raided a compound in Syria, killing ISIS operative Abu Sayyaf and capturing his wife.
U.S. military officials have said material gathered at the raid and the interrogation of his wife provided extensive intelligence of ISIS networks that has been used in subsequent missions.
The Abu Sayyaf raid is the only known ground combat operation inside Syria for U.S. forces outside of a failed hostage rescue attempt. All other operations to kill ISIS operatives have been conducted by overhead drones. Putting forces on the ground is seen as a way to go more directly after key individuals, although it poses the risk of any ground combat operation.
Carter also said at the time that “this force will also be in a position to conduct unilateral operations in Syria.” For now, the force is in fact working only in Iraq, but is prepared to go into Syria if it gathers enough intelligence to warrant a mission.
Conducting targeted operations inside Syria is seen as potentially more risky because there would not be a local force on the ground for the U.S. troops to work with.
The ETF — which numbers about 200 personnel — has collected enough intelligence now about ISIS operations in Iraq in up to half a dozen locations that raids and field operations are ready inside Iraq.
These are described as “targeted” missions, in which the military is going after a specific individual or ISIS operation. Targeted missions required days, if not weeks, of continuous surveillance of the area to ensure civilians are not nearby. Depending on the situation, the President often will be asked to approved specific missions.
The personnel are largely made up of Delta Force, one of the U.S. military’s so-called “Tier One” Special Operations units. As with the Naval Special Warfare Development Group — publicly known as Seal Team 6 — Delta operatives are highly trained to operate secretly in hostile environments.
There remains a raging debate inside the administration about whether to acknowledge the ETF operations once they begin. Gen. Joseph Votel, head of the the U.S. Special Operations Command has warned all his troops not to talk about it because of security concerns. But Pentagon officials acknowledged to CNN that there is pressure within the administration to tout the success of the effort — if indeed the operations are successful.
While the ETF is not yet operating in Syria, a separate group of about 50 U.S. special forces have greatly expanded their initial operations there in recent weeks after the Pentagon announced they were going to Syria.
This group’s mission is to accompany tribal, Arab and Kurdish forces in Syria as they try to regain territory from ISIS. Small U.S. teams now regularly leave their locations in northern Syria and go into the field. Several U.S. military officials confirmed that most recently U.S. troops went with local fighters to a location near the town of Al-Shaddadi in eastern Syria to help coordinate their operations and assist them in calling in airstrikes. ISIS has in recent days been driven from the area and U.S. officials see it as a victory for the policy because getting ISIS out of the town cuts a key route between Syria and Iraq.
But expanding Special Operations forces in Syria by sending the ETF remains complicated in addition to security concerns. If the teams capture operatives in Iraq, the plan calls for them to be turned over to the Iraqi government. If ISIS operatives are captured in Syria, the U.S. might try to turn them back over to their home countries, officials said. But clearly if there are Syrians and other nationalities fighting, that might make a turnover difficult and the U.S. is not planning to hold the people it captures beyond a short period of time.
And in another complication, so far it is not clear to what extent the U.S. would inform Russia of any ground operations to ensure U.S. troops are not inadvertently bombed in Russian airstrikes. Currently the Russians have only been given the broad indications, and not specifics, of where Special Operations force are based in northern Syria, U.S. officials said.
Carter also said Monday that “momentum is now on our side” in the fight against ISIS.
He told reporters that he fully expects the U.S. to play a greater role in assisting the Iraqi military’s effort to retake Mosul.
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Gen. Joseph Dunford also said that U.S. forces would “do more in Mosul” to help the Iraqi Army reclaim the city — the country’s second-largest — from ISIS.
Carter also discussed the U.S. cyber campaign against ISIS, using another terms for the organization, saying it was intended to “disrupt ISIL’s command and control” and “overload their network,” thereby impacting ISIS’ ability to control its forces, the local population and the economy.
I have been looking and waiting for the move on Mosul. I was thinking/hoping that it might have started on last Sat., I was wrong. But it looks like it is happening now or pretty soon!!!
Glad to see it happening, so Iraq can finally have some security in the country.
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Amazing! We had a large-ish group and tried most every starter on the menu. The oysters were a little splash of oceanside heaven! I highly recommend the green lips. Every entree we had was superb.
Based on the price point I think there needs to be some attention to things like bread served at the table. The food was good not great and the service was in the same catagory. Im not sure what the overall goal is for current but if they want a memorable dining experiece they need to improve there game. If a me to is the approach then they have achieved that goal.
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Why do wizards care so much about their wand?
"The wand chooses the wizard. That much has always been clear to those of us who have studied wandlore..."
This said, accidents happens and Ron got a new wand after his was broken. He may not have been the brightest of wizards but his abilities do not seem to have worsened after the change.
At the same time, it looks like loosing your wand seems to be catastrophic to wizards. Mr Malfoy was not keen on giving his to Voldemort, even though he could have bought another one (or have had one made specifically for him).
If wands would be so unique (in the sense that only one is good for you, except the Elder wand) then wand accidents would be such a disaster that wizards would probably take care more of them than just tugging them in a sleeve.
Is it just that you have one unique chance to get the right wand (and since there are many wand-maker this seems unlikely) and then possibly replace it with a sub-par one, or is there another explanation?
First of all: Except probably the Elder wand there is no better or worse wand in the Potter universe.
Wands are just used to channel the magic of the wizard. BUT: Every wand has its own specific properties and they match the character / abilities of the wizard it chooses.
So for each and every single wizard there is one wand that matches best. This wand chooses him and from that time on it works best for this specific wizard.
As stated in this answer after getting his wand the wizard learns from it and the wand learns from him.
"Oh yes, if you are any wizard at all you will be able to channel your magic through almost any instrument. The best results, however, must come where there is strongest affinity between wizard and wand. The connections are complex. An initial attraction, and then a mutual quest for experience, the wand learning from the wizard, the wizard from the wand."
That said it is a bit like losing a good friend when your wand is taken away or broken.
In addition a wizard basically is not much more than a muggle without his wand: Not much magic is possible without a wand (unless you are a very experienced wizard, only some are able to perform wandless magic).
It is not that there are shops for wands at every corner (no Wand-To-Go in every town).
And there is only one known wand maker for whole Britain (Ollivander) in the books and without a wand it is even hard to get to his shop to get a new wand.
This fact alone should be enough to answer your question.
But as I reread your question I see, that what you really want to know is the opposite of the title of your question: Your last paragraph seems to suggest that wizards don't care enough for their wands taking into consideration how important they are to them.
For this question I just can say, that wands are strong magical artefacts and don't seem to break that easily. The only instances were we see an accidental destruction of a wand is the one of Ron and the one of Harry, and there are only two mentions of a wand broken deliberately (Hagrid's when he is expelled from Hogwarts and Lucius Malfoy's when Harry's wand destroys it).
So it seems that this simply doesn't happen often as wands might protect themselves from breakage in some way and that therefore wizards don't think about wand destruction.
A wizard's wand is his/her identity. It's their key to the Wizarding World. Just the same way as house elves are in awe of wizards' wands, wizards feel that it defines them as being a wizard; separating them from other beings.
Are wands in Harry Potter sentient?
What is the relationship between a spell's incantation and effect?
How does Ollivander know which wand fits other wizards?
Why don't wizards always use multiple wands?
Why don't wizards use more than one wand like when Harry uses three?
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Individuals with social phobia are more likely to misinterpret ambiguous social situations as more threatening, i.e. they show an interpretive bias. This study investigated whether such a bias also exists in specific phobia.
Individuals with spider phobia or social phobia, spider aficionados and non-phobic controls saw morphed stimuli that gradually transformed from a schematic picture of a flower into a schematic picture of a spider by shifting the outlines of the petals until they turned into spider legs. Participants' task was to decide whether each stimulus was more similar to a spider, a flower or to neither object while EEG was recorded.
An interpretive bias was found in spider phobia on a behavioral level: with the first opening of the petals of the flower anchor, spider phobics rated the stimuli as more unpleasant and arousing than the control groups and showed an elevated latent trait to classify a stimulus as a spider and a response-time advantage for spider-like stimuli. No cortical correlates on the level of ERPs of this interpretive bias could be identified. However, consistent with previous studies, social and spider phobic persons exhibited generally enhanced visual P1 amplitudes indicative of hypervigilance in phobia.
Results suggest an interpretive bias and generalization of phobia-specific responses in specific phobia. Similar effects have been observed in other anxiety disorders, such as social phobia and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Cognitive biases have been assumed to play an important role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Biases in anxiety disorders have been broadly categorized in empirical research as biases affecting the three general stages of information processing (1) attention and the encoding of information; (2) elaboration and interpretation; and (3) storage and retrieval from memory [1, 2].
An example for an interpretive/judgmental bias is the negative interpretation bias found in particular in social phobics. Several studies showed that individuals with social phobia are more likely to misinterpret (ambiguous) social situations as more threatening and to draw more negative inferences from social stimuli than controls [3–5]. In spider phobia, Becker & Rinck found a generalized interpretive bias by presenting pictures of spiders, beetles or butterflies interspersed with neutral pictures for 14 ms each. Spider phobic participants were more likely to report having seen a spider or a beetle, which was interpreted as applying a more liberal criterion both to highly negative spiders and to slightly negative beetles.
The concept of stimulus generalization, first introduced by Pavlov , is closely related to interpretive biases. Stimulus generalization refers to the fact that conditioning of a particular stimulus will result in generalization of this conditioning to other, similar stimuli. This generalization leads to similar yet weaker responses to new stimuli compared to the originally conditioned stimulus [e.g., ].
Several PET, functional MRI and ERP studies have investigated the processing of fear-relevant stimuli in phobic patients (e.g. [9–15]). Fredrikson et al. were among the first to report elevated regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the visual associative cortex of snake phobics who viewed phobic, as compared to neutral and aversive stimuli. The elevated rCBF in the visual cortex of phobics in response to their feared object [9, 10] is in line with studies reporting more extensive activation of the visual cortex when viewing highly emotional (arousing) stimuli [e.g., [16, 17]].
Similarly, ERP studies revealed enlarged late positive potentials in spider phobic individuals in response to feared objects [13–15]. These results are in accordance with the larger parietal cortical positivities observed in response to highly emotional (arousing) stimuli in non-phobic individuals (e.g., [18, 19]). Whereas the influence of emotional valence/arousal on late ERP components is well-documented, early ERP components have not been fully investigated. Miltner et al. observed no phobia-specific effect on early ERP components (N1, P2, N2) when spider or snake phobic individuals were processing pictures of feared objects. However, in a study investigating the processing of schematic spider and flower stimuli consisting of the same visual elements, Kolassa et al. found generally enhanced P100 amplitudes in individuals with spider phobia and individuals with social phobia, as compared to non-phobic controls. These observations were interpreted as evidence for an increased (cortical) hypervigilance for incoming stimuli in phobic patients in general. Furthermore, all groups, whether spider phobic or not, showed faster identification of and larger N170 amplitudes in response to schematic spider versus flower pictures, which may reflect a general advantage in the processing of fear-relevant features.
Öhman postulated the existence of specific feature detectors that are preferentially sensitive to elementary threat features which were significant for survival during evolution. If such a threat feature is detected, the stimulus automatically and preattentively activates the arousal system and becomes tagged for preferential evaluation by a succeeding significance evaluation system . However, as Öhman et al. [, p. 475] admit, "such elementary threat features [...] still remain to be specified." As facial expressions signaling social threat should presumably have been of evolutionary significance, in recent years facial features that convey threat have been extensively investigated [22–25]. However, which properties make a spider fear-relevant is still unknown. Is it the shape of the body of a spider, its protruding legs, the angle in which the legs are positioned in relation to each other and to the body? Or is it the movement of a spider or a snake that is detected by these feature detectors? Or do the feature detectors respond to still other details of the feared stimulus?
The present study attempts to partly fill this gap by investigating the role of the Gestalt of a spider as one of the fear-inducing properties that might induce fear in spider phobic subjects. "Gestalt" refers to the perception of a whole object as a result of the relation of each of its parts to each other , in contrast to single features such as color or brightness. For this purpose, three series of schematic flower/spider pictures were designed: flower anchors differed in size of the interior of the flower and the angularity of the outlines of the petals, while spider anchors differed in body size and angularity of spider legs (see Figure 1). Each series contained seven pictures that stepwise morphed a schematic flower into a schematic spider by gradually shifting the angles of the outlines of the petals into open patterns that corresponded to spider legs (see Figure 1).
Stimuli. Three series of schematic flower/spider stimuli: starting from the picture of a schematic flower, the stimuli gradually turned into a spider by shifting the outlines of the petals until they turned into spider legs.
Four groups of subjects participated in this study: individuals with spider phobia, spider aficionados, individuals with social phobia, and non-phobic controls. Both social phobic and spider phobic individuals have an anxiety disorder, but they do not share the specific phobia-relevant object or situation. On the other hand, spider aficionados share with spider phobic persons the subjective significance of spiders without interpreting spiders as objects of threat. Therefore, the present set of subjects allows to separate the effects of relevance (threat meaning) and anxiety.
All subjects rated each of the stimuli according to their valence and arousal. In the actual paradigm, subjects repeatedly classified the stimuli into one of the three categories "flower", "spider" and "neither/nor" while ERPs were measured. Dependent variables were valence and arousal ratings, reaction times, classification frequencies, and event-related potentials in response to each of the different stimuli.
We expected an interpretive bias, particularly for ambiguous ("in-between") stimuli, in spider phobic individuals. This interpretive bias should manifest in all dependent variables, i.e., stimuli with a Gestalt between flower and spider should more likely be rated as more unpleasant and more arousing and be classified earlier as spiders by spider phobics than by controls. Furthermore, spider phobic subjects should show faster responses to pictures which they classify as spider-like. Additionally, spider phobics should show larger N170 and parietal late positive potentials (LPPs) amplitudes to ambiguous stimuli than non-fearful subjects and spider aficionados. In addition, we expected larger P1 magnitudes in phobic than in non-phobic participants.
Fifty-nine subjects (age range 18–34 yrs, M = 23.5 years, SD = 3.8) participated in the study: 16 individuals with spider phobia (8 male, 8 female), 15 spider aficionados (6 male, 9 female), 13 individuals with social phobia (6 male, 7 female), and 15 non-phobic controls (9 male, 6 female). Fifty-seven subjects were right-handed and 2 were left-handed, as measured by the Edinburgh handedness questionnaire . Subjects were recruited by newspaper advertisement and within the university student population.
Prior to the experiment proper, participants were screened with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV [SCID-I, ]. Spider phobic and social phobic individuals were included in the study if they fulfilled DSM-IV criteria of spider phobia or social phobia, respectively, without any other current or previous disorders according to DSM-IV. Candidate spider aficionados were recruited by specific advertisements for "individuals who like spiders". Only applicants who habitually handled spiders or owned one or more spiders as pets were selected for participation. They were administered a behavioral test in which they were confronted with a garden spider (Araneus diadematus) that they had to be able to pick up unhesitatingly and without any sign of fear or disgust and to keep in their hands for a couple of minutes without fear responses. Controls and spider aficionados were accepted for participation if they had no current or past mental disorders according to DSM-IV. All study participants were free of any psychotropic medication.
Prior to the experiment, all participants completed German versions of the Spider Questionnaire [SPQ, ], the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory [SPAI, ], the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI, ] and the Trait Anxiety Questionnaire of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI, ]. Spider aficionados had lower SPQ values than controls and social phobic participants, Mann-Whitney U = 123.00, p = .02. Social phobic individuals, on average, showed higher BDI scores than the other groups. However, all social phobics had BDI scores ≤ 15 and were thus in a clinically non-significant range. See Table 1 for questionnaire values.
The German scores of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) were transformed into the original scores (Turner et al., 1989). STAI-T, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – Trait Version; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; SPQ, Spider Questionnaire.
In the SPQ, spider phobic individuals differed from social phobic, spider aficionado and control groups, all p < .0001, and spider aficionados differed from controls, p = .04. In the SPAI, social phobic participants differed from all other groups, all p < .0001. In the BDI, social phobic individuals differed from controls, p = .01, spider aficionados, p = .03, and spider phobic participants, p = .05.
All participants provided informed consent, and the procedures were approved by the ethics committee of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. Subjects were paid 6 € per hour for participation. Additionally, social phobic participants were offered a 10-session group training for social skills and spider phobic individuals could participate in a one-day spider phobia treatment .
Prior to the main experiment, participants rated all stimuli as to their affective valence and physiological arousal using the Self-Assessment Manikin scale [36, 37]. The order of stimuli was randomized across participants.
Participants' task was to decide whether the stimuli were more similar to a "spider", a "flower", or "neither/nor" by pressing corresponding buttons on the arm-rests. There were two buttons on each armrest. Of these 4 buttons, 3 were used (Spider, Flower, Neither/Nor). Subjects pressed these buttons with the index and middle fingers of their right and left hand. The keys which had to be pressed to classify the stimuli were randomized across subjects. A sheet of paper showing the correspondence between keys and answer categories lay in front of them; however, subjects were instructed to look at this sheet only if absolutely necessary.
Before the experiment started, participants performed two training tasks of 9 trials each which they could repeat as often as necessary. Before each trial, the key sequence for the buttons mounted on the armrests was shown for 4 s on the screen. Then one of the stimuli was presented on the screen for 3 s, and subjects indicated their classification by pressing the appropriate button. Participants were instructed to respond as quickly as possible. After each classification the subject confirmed, again by pressing a button, whether the response had been correct or incorrect. Although there were no predefined right or wrong answers, subjects could have mistakenly pressed the wrong button. This procedure allowed subjects to identify unintended false responses so that trials with false responses could be removed from analyses. During the second training trials no key sequence was shown and the confirmation screen was simplified to "Correct?".
In, the experiment proper, each picture of the three flower/spider series was presented 14 times. To avoid fatigue, the paradigm was split into two blocks with a short break between them. Stimuli were presented in a pseudo-random order in which no picture appeared twice in a row. Each stimulus was presented for 3 s, during which subjects gave their answer by pressing the appropriate key. In the inter-stimulus interval of 2 s ± 400 ms (1600 ms plus an exponential distribution with mean 400 ms, truncated at 800 ms, as generated by ERTS), the question "Correct?" appeared on the screen, and subjects indicated by pressing a button whether the answer given had been right or wrong.
During the testing session, subjects sat in a comfortable chair in a sound-attenuated room. Stimuli were presented on a 20 inch Sony monitor (resolution 800 × 600) placed 1.1 m in front of the subject's eyes, using ERTS (Experimental Runtime System ). EEG was recorded with 62 Ag/AgCl-electrodes mounted in an Easy-Cap (Falk Minow Services, Germany) according to the international 10-10 system with additional non-standard electrodes (AF1, AF2, PO1, PO3) at frontal and occipital sites spaced equally between the standard electrodes. Cz served as a reference electrode and a ground electrode was placed at the forehead. Impedances of all electrodes were kept below 5 kΩ. Vertical and horizontal electrooculograms (VEOG and HEOG) were measured for off-line correction of eye movements and blink artifacts. All signals were continuously recorded in AC-mode and sampled at 500 Hz (gain = 1000, low pass filter = 70 Hz, high pass filter = 0.05 Hz) using Synamps and NeuroScan software .
The EEG raw data were filtered (low pass = 30 Hz, 24 dB/oct, high pass = 0.1 Hz, 24 dB/oct, 50 Hz notch), segmented (200 ms pre- to 1300 ms poststimulus), corrected for blinks and eye movements , and screened for artifacts using Brain Vision Analyzer 1.05 . Trials containing artifacts were rejected (minimal/maximal amplitude ± 150 μV, maximum voltage difference between neighboring sampling points 50 μV, maximal allowed absolute difference of two values in a segment 150 μV). Artifact-free EEG epochs were averaged for each subject, condition, and electrode. All epochs were aligned to the 200-ms prestimulus baseline and were rereferenced to an average reference.
One subject (male control) was excluded from the analysis of classifications, reaction times, and ERP data because his task behavior indicated that he misunderstood the task. Five participants (1 social phobic, 2 spider aficionados, 2 controls) were excluded from ERP analysis: one because of extreme theta/alpha activity, three because of no detectable component structure, one because of problems with blink artifact correction.
For data analysis, linear mixed effects models were implemented in all analyses of variance (ANOVAs) using SAS 9.1 . Subjects served as a random and Picture as a repeated effect, whereas all other factors were fixed effects. Significant effects in an ANOVA were further analyzed by calculating contrasts, where rejection of the null hypothesis was controlled by Holm's sequential rejection algorithm . Original p-values that remained significant after α-correction are reported below.
Valence and arousal ratings were analyzed by an ANOVA with between factors Anxiety (high for social and spider phobic participants, low for controls and spider aficionados), Relevance (high for spider phobic individuals and spider aficionados, low for controls and social phobic participants), and repeated measures factor Picture (Pictures 1 to 7).
For the analysis of stimulus classifications all wrong responses (i.e., when subjects indicated that they made an incorrect response) were excluded from further analysis. For each picture in each series the relative response frequencies for each category (spider, flower, neither/nor) were calculated (i.e., the number of classifications of this picture as a spider, a flower or neither/nor, divided by the total number of correct answers to this picture by the subject). Then, the relative frequencies of the corresponding pictures in each series (e.g. the three flower anchors) were averaged over the three different flower/spider series.
A mixed Rasch model was used to analyze the response tendencies of each group. The probability of a subject to classify a stimulus as a spider was modeled as exp(z)/(1+exp(z)), where z = αSoxSo+ αSPxSP + αSAxSA + Σi δixi + ε. In this formula, α denotes the groups' latent traits with the control group's trait set to 0, δi the ith stimulus item difficulty, ε a normally distributed error term with mean 0 and all x indicator variables. High values of α and δ thus imply high probabilities of classification as a spider. Model parameters were fitted with the nonlinear mixed models procedure of SAS 9.1 [SAS Institute, Inc, see ].
Reaction times were analyzed in two ways: first, depending on the stimulus type presented (stimulus-dependent analysis) and second, depending on the subject's response (classification of a stimulus as spider, flower or neither/nor: response-dependent analysis). All trials were excluded in which subjects gave no response, indicated that the answer was wrong, or the reaction time was below 150 ms or more than 2 SD from the individual mean over the stimuli or responses of the same type. In this way, 5.0% of trials were excluded from the response-locked and 5.2% from the stimulus-locked analysis. Mean reaction times in response to each picture were calculated. Then, the reaction times of the corresponding pictures in the three series were averaged.
In the stimulus-dependent analysis of RT, an ANOVA with between factors Anxiety and Relevance and repeated measures factors Picture was calculated. In the response-dependent analysis of RT, an ANOVA with between factors Anxiety and Relevance and repeated measures factor Classification (spider, flower, neither/nor) was calculated. Valence and arousal ratings were included in the ANOVA as covariates wherever preconditions for ANCOVA were met. However, no significant influence was found. Therefore, covariates were excluded from the final analysis. A similar analysis for response dependent data would not make sense.
P1 and P2 peak amplitudes were detected on electrodes O1, Oz, and O2 in the time intervals [50 ms, 130 ms] and [190 ms, 270 ms], respectively. N170 peak amplitudes were detected on electrodes P7 and P8 in the time interval [190 ms, 220 ms]. Parietal mean amplitudes were exported in the time intervals [300 ms, 380 ms] for P3 and [380 ms, 580 ms] for P4 at Pz, where the late parietal positivity showed its peak amplitude. All ERPs were analyzed stimulus- as well as response-dependent as detailed above.
In the stimulus-dependent analysis, P1 and P2 amplitudes as well as mean amplitudes were analyzed by an ANOVA with between factors Anxiety and Relevance and repeated measures factors Picture and Laterality (left, central, right). N170 amplitudes were analyzed by an ANOVA with between factors Anxiety and Relevance and repeated measure factors Picture and Laterality (left, right). In the response-dependent analysis, the factor Response Category (spider, flower, neither/nor) takes the place of the factor Picture in the stimulus-dependent analysis. Valence and arousal ratings as well as response latencies were included as covariates in the stimulus dependent analysis of P1, N170, P3, and P4 amplitudes, and similarly, response dependent reaction times were included as covariates in the response dependent analysis of P1, N170, P3, and P4 amplitudes. Because no significant influence was observed, the covariates were excluded in the final analyses.
Valence ratings revealed main effects of Anxiety, F(1,55) = 32.42, p < .0001, Relevance, F(1,55) = 9.73, p = .003, and Picture, F(6,330) = 27.13, p < .0001. Furthermore, the interactions Anxiety × Picture, F(6,330) = 7.94, p < .0001, Relevance × Picture, F(6,330) = 5.23, p < .0001, and Anxiety × Relevance, F(1,55) = 12.27, p = .0009, as well as the three-way interaction Anxiety × Relevance × Picture, F(6,330) = 2.80, p = .01, were significant. Whereas groups did not differ in valence ratings for picture 1, a specific contrast revealed that spider phobic individuals rated pictures 2–7 as more unpleasant than the other groups, t(55) = -3.70, p = .0005, while spider aficionados rated pictures 6 and 7 as more pleasant than controls and social phobic individuals, t(40) = 2.70, p = .01 (compare Figure 2).
Valence and arousal ratings. Mean valence (upper row) and arousal ratings (lower row) and standard errors for the series of schematic spider/flower pictures for each group. Note. The SAM scale (Lang, 1980; Bradley & Lang, 1994) ranged from 1 to 9 with 1 = highly unpleasant/low arousing and 9 = highly pleasant/highly arousing.
Arousal ratings revealed main effects of Anxiety, F(1,55) = 16.79, p = .0001, Relevance, F(1,55) = 20.31, p < .0001, and Picture, F(6,330) = 23.72, p < .0001. Furthermore, interactions of Anxiety × Picture, F(6,330) = 7.49, p < .0001, Relevance × Picture F(6,330) = 3.17, p = .005, and Anxiety × Relevance, F(1,55) = 4.32, p = .04, as well as the three-way interaction Anxiety × Relevance × Picture, F(6,330) = 2.37, p = .03, were significant. Whereas groups did not differ in arousal ratings for picture 1, a specific contrast revealed that spider phobic individuals rated pictures 2–7 as more arousing than the other groups, t(55) = 2.23, p = .03 (compare Figure 2).
Figure 3 shows the probabilities of each group to identify each stimulus as a spider, a flower or neither/nor. Spider phobic individuals were more likely to classify a stimulus as a spider, αSP = 1.83, t(57) = 2.37, p = .02, while social phobic participants and spider aficionados did not differ from controls, all p > .39. The first three pictures in the series were likely not to be classified as spiders, picture 1 δ1 = -7.61, t(57) = -12.36, p < .0001, picture 2 δ2 = -2.97, t(57) = -5.24, p < .0001, picture 3 δ3 = -2.59, t(57) = -4.57, p < .0001. The last two pictures in the series were likely to be classified as spiders, picture 6 δ6 = 2.18, t(57) = 3.87, p = .0003, picture 7 δ7 = 5.09, t(57) = 8.68, p < .0001.
Classifications. Classifications: Probability of different groups (SP = Spider Phobics, SA = Spider Aficionados, SO = Social Phobics, CG = Control Group) to identify pictures as flower, neither/nor, or spider.
Separate Rasch models by group were calculated to identify item difficulties, i.e., the propensity of classifying a stimulus as a spider, for each group. Results are shown in Table 2.
ANOVA revealed a main effect of Picture, F(6,324) = 59.04, p < .0001, as well as interactions of Anxiety × Picture, F(6,324) = 2.86, p = .01, Relevance × Picture, F(6,324) = 2.97, p = .008, and Anxiety × Relevance × Picture, F(6,324) = 4.33, p = .0003. As can be seen in Figure 4, the more unequivocal pictures 1 and 7 were identified faster than the more equivocal pictures 3, 4, and 5. Therefore an ANCOVA with a numerical variable Picture to second order was calculated that revealed a main effect of Picture, F(1,340) = 187.13, p < .0001, as well as interactions Relevance × Anxiety, F(1,54) = 4.68, p = .04, Picture × Relevance, F(1,340) = 11.94, p = .0006, and Picture × Relevance × Anxiety, F(1,340) = 6.45, p = .01. Furthermore, quadratic terms of Picture were found in interactions Picture × Picture, F(1,340) = 208.62, p < .0001, Picture × Picture × Relevance, F(1,340) = 9.53, p = .002, and Picture × Picture × Relevance × Anxiety, F(1,340) = 3.94, p = .05. The specific contrast testing group differences for the more "spider-like" pictures 3 to 7, including the quadratic Picture term, revealed a difference between spider phobic individuals and all other groups, t(54) = 2.99, p = .004, indicating that spider phobic individuals identified these stimuli faster than the control groups.
Stimulus dependent reaction times. Stimulus dependent RTs: Mean response latency (in ms) and standard errors for the classification of each picture depicted separately for each group.
The ANOVA revealed a main effect of Response Category, F(2,98) = 42.71, p < .0001. A subsequent contrast indicated that the response neither/nor took longer than the responses spider or flower, t(98) = 9.24, p < .0001. Furthermore, interactions of Anxiety × Response Category, F(2,98) = 4.28, p = .02, Relevance × Response Category, F(2,98) = 3.47, p = .04, and Relevance × Anxiety × Response Category, F(2,98) = 4.98, p = .009, were significant. Subsequent analyses by group showed that spider phobic participants gave the answer spider faster than the answer flower, F(1,15) = 19.15, p = .0005, while there was no effect of Response Category for the other groups, all p > .17.
A main effect of Anxiety, F(1,49) = 9.42, p = .004, showed that (spider and social) phobic individuals exhibited generally larger P1 amplitudes than controls and spider aficionados (Figure 5). The main effect of Picture, F(6,294) = 4.39, p = .0003, revealed that more ambiguous pictures (3 and 4) led to larger P1 amplitudes than more unequivocal pictures (1, 2, 5, 6, 7), t(294) = 4.84, p < .0001. Testing for a quadratic effect of Picture as a continuous covariate revealed a significant effect, F(1,1053) = 20.35, p < .0001, with a negative coefficient (β = -.07) indicating a parabola that opens downwards and confirming the above effect. The ANOVA revealed a main effect of Laterality, F(2,104) = 4.79, p = .01, indicating that larger P1 amplitudes were observed at lateral, as compared to central electrodes, t(104) = 2.99, p = .003.
Stimulus dependent analysis of early ERPs. Stimulus dependent analysis of ERPs on electrode O1 (left) and O2 (right) for each group.
The ANOVA revealed main effects of Response Category, F(2,89) = 4.00, p = .02, Anxiety, F(1,49) = 9.42, p = .004, and Laterality, F(2,104) = 4.77, p = .01. Phobic individuals showed larger P1 amplitudes than controls and spider aficionados (Figure 6). If subjects categorized a stimulus as neither/nor, P1 amplitudes were larger compared to when they categorized the stimulus as flower or spider, t(89) = -2.75, p = .007, with no difference between flower and spider categorizations, t(89) = .65, p = .52. Finally, P1 amplitudes were larger at lateral as compared to central electrodes, t(104) = 3.01, p = .003.
Response dependent analysis of early ERPs. Response dependent analysis of ERPs on electrode O1 (left) and O2 (right) for each group.
The ANOVA revealed main effects of Picture, F(6,294) = 4.87, p < .0001, and Laterality, F(1,49) = 8.38, p = .006, as well as a trend for an interaction of Picture × Laterality, F(6,294) = 1.99, p = .07. Larger N170 amplitudes for the more unequivocal pictures 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 were observed compared to the more ambiguous pictures 3 and 4, t(294) = 3.60, p = .0004. Furthermore, N170 amplitudes were larger at right compared to left hemispheric electrode sites, F(1,49) = 8.38, p = .006.
The ANOVA revealed main effects of Response Category, F(2,89) = 5.27, p = .007, and Laterality, F(1,49) = 6.70, p = .01, indicating that N170 amplitudes were generally larger when subjects classified the stimulus as a flower than if they classified it as a spider or as neither/nor, t(89) = -3.23, p = .002, and that amplitudes were larger over the right hemisphere.
The ANOVA showed a main effect of Picture, F(6,294) = 3.87, p = .001 (Figure 7). Smallest amplitudes were observed for the more unequivocal anchor stimuli, whereas largest amplitudes were observed for the more ambiguous pictures (3 to 4). Testing for a quadratic effect of Picture as a continuous covariate revealed a significant effect, F(1,313) = 21.28, p < .0001, with a negative coefficient (β = -.08) indicating a parabola that opens downwards.
Stimulus and response dependent analysis of late ERPs. Mean amplitudes in the P3 (upper row) and P4 (lower row) latency range for stimulus (left) and response dependent analysis (right).
A main effect of Response Category, F(2,89) = 5.30, p =.007, was observed (Figure 7). Larger positivities resulted when participants classified a stimulus as neither/nor rather than as a spider or flower, which was confirmed by a subsequent contrast, p = .003.
A main effect of Picture, F(6,294) = 2.12, p = .05, was observed (Figure 7). Largest positivities resulted for picture 1 (the flower anchor picture) compared to all other pictures, which was confirmed by a subsequent specific contrast, p =.001.
No significant main effects or interactions were observed.
This study found behavioral evidence for an interpretative bias in spider phobia: spider phobic individuals showed an enhanced latent trait to classify a stimulus as a spider compared to the control groups composed of non-fearful individuals, social phobics and spider aficionados. Furthermore, while the response latencies of the control groups were a function of ambiguousness of stimuli following a quadratic relationship, spider phobic individuals showed a faster classification of stimuli resembling spiders, starting with picture 3 in the series. Finally, spider phobic individuals rated ambiguous stimuli in the series – starting with the first opening of the petals of the flower – as more arousing and unpleasant than the control groups.
Whereas results on a behavioral level confirmed the presence of an interpretative bias in spider phobics, analysis of ERP components did not reveal cortical correlates of such a bias. As expected, P1 amplitude was generally larger in phobics (social and spider phobic individuals) as compared to controls, possibly indicating an enhanced vigilance in phobia. Furthermore, P1 amplitude was influenced by the ambiguousness of stimuli: in the stimulus-dependent analysis more ambiguous pictures led to larger P1 amplitudes than more unequivocal pictures; correspondingly, larger P1 amplitudes were observed for neither/nor classifications than for flower or spider classifications in the response-dependent analysis. N170 amplitude did not differentiate spider phobics from spider-non-phobics and was only modulated by the presented stimulus or response category, respectively. P3 amplitudes also showed no specific effect for the spider phobic group, but the amount of positive deflection was modulated by the ambiguousness of pictures, following a quadratic parabola with largest positive deflections for the most ambiguous and smallest for the unequivocal anchor pictures in the stimulus dependent analysis. Correspondingly, in the response dependent analysis largest positivities were observed for neither/nor compared to spider or flower classifications. Finally, P4 amplitudes were also not indicative of spider phobia specific processes, but showed a general influence of Gestalt properties: presumably due to an oddball effect, the only closed Gestalt (the flower anchor), elicited largest amplitudes in this latency range. This effect was also visible as a trend in ERPs of the response dependent analysis, but did not reach significance here.
Effects of Anxiety and/or Relevance were only found in behavioral measures and in the P1. As detailed above, in the P1, the main effect of Anxiety revealed a phobia-specifically increased amplitude. In each of the behavioral measures, there was an interaction of Anxiety × Relevance, showing that behavioral differences are not due solely to phobia or to subjective (positive or negative) relevance of spiders, but are specific to spider phobia as such.
The analysis of classification frequencies confirmed that stimuli were rated more often as "spider-like" or "flower-like" the closer their position in the flower/spider series to the corresponding anchor picture. Pictures in mid-positions were largely classified as neither/nor. A clear threshold in the series beyond which stimuli were perceived as spiders was not obvious. Classifications changed in a rather continuous manner.
Spider phobics exhibited a stronger latent trait to classify a picture as a spider than controls as shown by the Rasch model, suggesting either an interpretive bias or a stimulus generalization effect. Separate Rasch models by group revealed that picture 1 was likely to be identified as a flower by all groups, but pictures 2 and 3 were only classified as a flower by non-spider phobic participants. Picture 4 was classified by spider aficionados as a flower, and picture 5 was already classified as a spider by spider phobic individuals. Pictures 6 and 7 were classified as spiders by all groups. Thus, while spider phobic individuals were liberal in classifying ambiguous stimuli as spiders, starting at picture 5 and even 4 if using a one-sided test, spider aficionados were more conservative in labeling ambiguous stimuli such as picture 4 as a flower. In all groups, the progression from stimuli perceived as flower-like to those perceived as spider-like was smooth and not abrupt.
These results are in agreement with a recent study by Becker & Rink using a signal detection paradigm in which participants were asked to decide whether a picture of either a spider, beetle, or butterfly or rather a neutral stimulus was presented. Spider phobics were more liberal in assuming that they had seen a spider or a beetle, suggesting a cognitive interpretive bias. Becker & Rink argued that their results suggest that spider phobic persons might show a generalized bias to interpret rather harmless stimuli as threatening ones. A similar bias has also been observed in individuals with social phobia, who interpret (ambiguous) social situations as more threatening and draw more negative inferences from the available social stimuli than controls [3, 5].
The results of the present study are consistent with a stimulus generalization effect, i.e. that a given response can be elicited to some degree by a range of similar stimuli. That the bias might be not merely cognitive is also suggested by the faster responses to ambiguous stimuli in spider phobic persons. The observed pattern is reminiscent of the mechanisms in PTSD, where stimulus generalization also accounts for the exacerbation and extension of symptoms to additional stimuli and as a consequence, stimuli only peripherally related to the trauma can trigger intrusions and flashbacks. Whether the present findings are due to a stimulus generalization effect or a more cognitive interpretive bias thus remains open.
According to Beck et al. [, p. 31], "The [anxious] patient is hypervigilant, constantly scanning the environment for signs of impending disaster or personal harm." According to Eysenck [48–50], there are two ways in which individuals high in trait anxiety show hypervigilance: general hypervigilance or distractability is demonstrated by a propensity to attend to any task-irrelevant stimuli presented, and specific hypervigilance is demonstrated by a tendency to attend selectively to threat-related rather than neutral stimuli.
In the present study, spider phobic individuals responded generally faster to spiderlike stimuli (stimulus dependent analysis) and to stimuli they classified as a spiders (response dependent analysis), as would be expected in specific hypervigilance. This corresponds to faster identification of non-schematic spiders than flowers or birds by spider phobics and faster identification of non-schematic spiders by spider phobics than by social phobics and controls . On the other hand, Kolassa et al. found unspecifically faster responses by spider phobics to colored schematic flowers and spiders. However, both the present study and Kolassa et al. used more than two stimulus types and response categories, while Kolassa et al. used only two stimulus types and two response categories, which renders comparisons difficult. Kolassa et al. note that standard deviations in their study were quite small, which may have led to small effects reaching significance.
The larger early visual P1 amplitudes in phobic compared to non-phobic subjects replicate earlier studies that also observed enhanced P1 amplitudes in phobic compared to non-phobic subjects when processing schematic flower/spider stimuli or schematic emotional faces [14, 51, 52]. In the light of the hypervigilance model detailed above, the enhanced P1 amplitude may be a correlate of an increased readiness of phobic individuals' cortex to react to new visual stimuli. Thus, the P1 amplitude differential could be interpreted as indicative of a cortical correlate of general hypervigilance in the anxiety disorder spectrum.
The results of LPPs (P3 and P4) fit very well with Johnson's triarchic model of P3 amplitude, which posits that information transmission, subjective probability and stimulus meaning strongly influence LPP amplitudes. Regarding information transmission, Johnson's model assumes that unequivocal pictures lead to larger amplitudes than more ambiguous pictures, as was found in the present results on P3. Next, subjectively less probable stimuli should also lead to higher amplitudes, which again fits the present results from the response-dependent analysis: the least common reply, neither/nor, was associated with a higher P3 than the other two response categories.
P4 amplitude was higher for the flower anchor than for the other pictures, which may be discussed by extending Johnson's model to the P4. As detailed above, subjectively less probable stimuli should lead to higher amplitudes. In the present paradigm, only the flower anchor had a closed Gestalt, while all other pictures had an open Gestalt. Thus, the least common Gestalt may have been associated with a lower subjective probability.
It thus appears possible that the influence of subjective probability was larger than the influence of stimulus meaning in terms of valence or arousal, explaining why the present study did not find enhanced LPPs in spider phobic individuals in response to schematic spiders, as was observed in previous studies with schematic flower/spider stimuli or with photographic spider pictures .
More unequivocal pictures led to larger N170 amplitudes than more equivocal ones, in an interesting parallel to the P3 findings. However, in spite of ongoing controversy on the role of the N170 [54–56], there appears to be no account of an influence of ambiguity on N170, thus the meaning of this finding remains unclear.
In addition, N170 amplitudes were higher when participants classified stimuli as flowers than when they classified them as spiders or neither/nor, in contrast to Kolassa et al. , who found that schematic spiders elicited higher N170 amplitudes than schematic flowers. However, comparing the two paradigms is not easy: in our 2006 study, only two stimulus categories were shown, not an entire spectrum as in the present case, and response categories were spider vs. flower, not spider vs. flower vs. neither/nor. Importantly, the present result derives from participants' subjective classification of stimuli, not from objective stimulus types.
Item difficulties as revealed by the Rasch model allow us to group pictures 1–3 as easily identifiable as flowers (δ < 0), pictures 4 and 5 as indeterminate (δ not significantly different from zero), and pictures 6 and 7 as identifiable as spiders (δ > 0). ERPs (P1, N170 and P3) consistently show a difference between pictures 3 and 4, on the one hand, and pictures 1, 2, 5–7, on the other hand. What differentiates these groups of pictures?
A first explanation for the differences between these groups of stimuli can be found in the Gestalt law of closure : open shapes make one perceive a visual pattern as incomplete, and our minds tell us to close small gaps and complete unfinished forms. This is possible for pictures 1 to 3, but starting with picture 4, the gaps between the lines are so pronounced that the law of closure may no longer apply and the connecting of lines to form petals is no longer possible. Instead, participants may have connected the top two middle lines and the bottom two middle lines in pictures 4 and 5, forming an indeterminate non-spider-like stimulus. Finally, pictures 6 and 7 were so clearly spider-like that the law of closure may no longer have been able to change this classification.
Behavioral evidence for an interpretive bias in spider phobia was observed, extending findings on the existence of a negative interpretation bias in social phobia. Clinical experience points to similar biases in other anxiety disorders such as PTSD: stimuli only peripherally related to the trauma can trigger intrusions and flashbacks in PTSD patients. In light of the present study, this finding may be explainable as a consequence of stimulus generalization in anxiety disorders. Whether the effect observed in spider phobic individuals is due to a more cognitive interpretive effect or due to stimulus generalization remains subject to future studies.
In agreement with earlier studies, social and spider phobic persons exhibited generally enhanced visual P1 amplitudes indicative of hypervigilance in phobia and possibly of the preattentive feature detectors as postulated by Öhman . Ambiguity-related modulations of N170 and P3 as well as Gestalt-related modulations of P4 were found, in accordance with Johnson's triarchic model of LPP amplitude.
This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Thanks are also due to Sandra Bergmann for her assistance in conducting the study.
AB is now at Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany. SK is now at SAF AG, Tägerwilen, Switzerland. FM is now at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
ITK designed the study, recruited and tested subjects, performed the analyses and wrote the manuscript. AB recruited subjects, acquired data and supported the analysis. RL recruited and tested spider aficionados. SK programmed the paradigm and supported statistical analysis and write-up of the manuscript. IP designed the Rasch models. WHRM designed the study. FM designed the study and created the stimuli.
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Create an effective hotels comparison websites that combines effective way of evaluating hotels by people and price comparison.
Our company is a software development company. We have started at 2009. We have 3 products so far, hotelseval.com, 2otel.com, and findbagz.com. The main goal of our company was to provide services that are not available properly to the Arab world. The products we have so far are unique and not available in a professional manner in the Arab worlds. There are many ideas we plan to implement soon.
Currently a master student in Carnegie Mellon University. I have worked as an information security consultant for 5 years before that. Currently, I am working on a couple of IT projects.
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(CNN) An Oklahoma sheriff and five other people have been indicted in the death of a prisoner who was held in a restraint chair more than 48 hours without adequate food, water or medical care, authorities said.
He was placed in a restraint chair June 6, found unresponsive in the chair June 8 and pronounced dead at the jail that day, the release said. During his time in the chair, Huff was not given “proper amounts of food, water or medical treatment for illnesses he was suffering from,” the release said.
In documents released this week, state authorities announced that second-degree manslaughter charges had been filed against Jerry Niles, 53, sheriff of Garfield County since 2013. Enid, the Garfield County seat, is about 115 miles west of Tulsa.
Others charged with second-degree manslaughter were jail administrator Jennifer Niles, 34; assistant jail administrator John Markus, 29; detention officer Shawn Galusha, 37; nurse practitioner Lela Goatley, 57; and licensed practical nurse Vanisa Gay, 38.
CNN reached out to the lawyer representing Jerry Niles and a lawyer representing three of the other defendants for comment, but has not received a reply.
Court documents do not detail what roles they played in Huff’s death. The charge can be punished by two to four years in prison, up to one year in a county jail or $1,000 fine, the attorney general’s office said.
An autopsy performed June 9, 2016, said Huff died of natural causes, with the probable cause of death being chronic alcoholism due to a compulsive condition from a prior disease.
In a federal lawsuit filed June 6, 2017, lawyers allege jail employees were negligent because they should have known about Huff’s medical conditions from previous incarcerations and been aware that he took medications for heart disease, hypertension, depression and other conditions.
Huff started hallucinating and exhibiting delusions at some point during his incarceration and was placed in the restraint chair, the lawsuit says.
Jail personnel didn’t receive a medical recommendation to use the chair, the lawsuit says, and jail employees didn’t check his blood pressure regularly, didn’t give him blood pressure medication and didn’t offer him hydration every two hours.
Jail policy required the employees to check on Huff every 15 minutes but they didn’t do so, the lawsuit says.
A response filed by Jerry Niles’ lawyer denies most of the allegations in the civil complaint, says the jail staff was property trained and says Huff’s constitutional rights were not violated.
The defendants in the lawsuit are Jerry Niles, Jennifer Niles, Lela Goatley, three John Does (individuals who will be named later), the Garfield County Detention Center, the Garfield County Board of Commissioners and Turn Key Health Clinics, a company that provides health care to the jail.
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Need help understanding this problem.
A freight train starts from Los Angeles and heads for Chicago at 40 mph. Two hours later a passenger train leaves the same station for Chicago traveling at 60 mph. How long will it be before the passenger train overtakes the freight train?
For some distance problems it doesn't matter and I get the same answer either way, but for this one, I get different answers.
An example of getting same answer: Sarah leaves Seattle for New York in her car, averaging 80 mph. One hour later a plane leaves Seattle for New York following the same route and flying 400 mph. How long before the plan overtake the car?
My question is why did I get 2 answers, and when solving this type of problem, how do I choose which way of solving is right?
The first method was correct, but use parentheses correctly: 40(t + 2) = 60t.
The second method doesn't work: 80t = 400(t - 1) doesn't have solution t = 1/4; it gives t = 5/4, which is incorrect.
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Great Britain temporarily win monopolise of Florida origin in 1763 as a coriolis effect of the Anglo-Spanish War Spanish Florida. Britain engaged the associated state but did not evolve it further, and monopolise was turn back to Spain in 1783 in the backwash of the American Revolutionary War Spanish Florida. During the 1700s, a mix of Creeks Spanish Florida involuntary off heritor real property by English pilgrim and African-Americans Spanish Florida emotion subjection in nearby commissioned military officer moved south and effected in solitary residuum of Spanish Florida. These newcomers plus perchance a few surviving scion of autochthonous Florida peoples coalesced intelligence a new Seminole Spanish Florida culture. After American independence, tensions damask rose on the vulnerable state line between Spanish Florida and the province of Georgia as pilgrim fighter with Seminoles concluded real property and American slave-hunters canter Black Seminole Spanish Florida moshav in Florida. These stress were aggravate when the Seminoles assisted Great Britain once more the United States tube the War of 1812 Spanish Florida and led to American militaristic entrance intelligence blue Florida origin in 1814 tube panama hat run well-known as the First Seminole War Spanish Florida. Spain protestation this incursion but could not stand up its territory, and alternatively wide tactful parley attempt a peaceable transshipment of land. By the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty Spanish Florida of 1819, Spanish Florida quit to jeopardise in 1821, when monopolise of the associated state was unofficially changed to the United States. Anonymous Portuguese sailors Spanish Florida were providing the first Europeans to map the southeast residuum of the hereafter United States. As referenced in the Cantino planisphere Spanish Florida of 1502, Portugal prospect the Atlantic tideland and the east Gulf of Mexico both case in the s pursuing Christopher Columbus's first voyage Spanish Florida. Columbus never sighted North America in any of his expeditions. However, and so maintained heritor observed secret, and and so did not essay to open up body or prospect real far inland. In 1512 Juan Ponce de León Spanish Florida, politician of Puerto Rico Spanish Florida, conventional crowned green light to scouring for real property northern of Cuba Spanish Florida. On March 3, 1513, his hostile expedition gone from Punta Aguada Spanish Florida, Puerto Rico, steerage northern in three ships. In ripe March, he patterned a olive-sized aegean island about sure one of the Bahamas Spanish Florida but did not land. On April 2, Ponce de León patterned the eastward tideland of the Florida dry land and went ashore the next day at an perfect location that has old person gone to time. Assuming that he had open up a large island, he claimed the land for Spain and above-mentioned it La Florida, origin it was the whitweek of Pascua Florida Spanish Florida "Flowery Easter" and origin more than of the botany was in bloom.4 Spanish Florida After in brief exploring the refuge about heritor stairway site, the expedition returned to heritor skeleton and simper mississippi to map the coast, encountering the Gulf Stream Spanish Florida on the way. The hostile expedition postdate Florida's lineation all the way about the Florida Keys Spanish Florida and northern to map a residuum of the Southwest Florida Spanish Florida tideland before reversive to Puerto Rico. Popular arthurian legend has it that Ponce de León was probing for the Fountain of Youth Spanish Florida when he observed Florida. However, the first mention of Ponce de León probing for water ice to cure his aging fall to a greater extent large twenty mid-sixties after his water ice travel of discovery, and the first that placed the Fountain of Youth in Florida was thirty mid-sixties after that. It is much to a greater extent providing that Ponce de León, like different Spanish conquistadors Spanish Florida in the Americas Spanish Florida, was superficial for gold, real property to colonise and normal for Spain, and Indians to replace to Christianity or enslave. Ponce de León belike was not the first Spaniard to top out Florida, although he was the first to do so with green light from the Spanish crown. Evidence clue in that Spanish pedaller from the Caribbean had organized small concealed hostile expedition to Florida to getting Indian slaves.6 Spanish Florida The Native Americans gather by Ponce de León were inimical at first contact, and he met an Indian in Florida who realise both Spanish words.6 Spanish Florida Other Spanish water travel to Florida chop-chop postdate Ponce de León's return. Sometime in the lunar time period from 1514 to 1516, Pedro de Salazar inscribed as numerousness as 500 Indians on the Atlantic tideland of the present-day southeast United States. Diego Miruelo Spanish Florida pocket-size panama hat was belike Tampa Bay Spanish Florida in 1516, Francisco Hernández de Cordova Spanish Florida top out point Florida in 1517, and Alonso Ã�lvarez de Pineda Spanish Florida simper and give all of the Gulf of Mexico tideland in 1519. In 1521, Ponce de León simper from Cuba with 200 men in two skeleton to open up a body on the point tideland of the Florida peninsula, belike distance Charlotte Harbor Spanish Florida. However, onslaught by the homegrown Calusa Spanish Florida chisel the colonize away in July 1521. After the skirmish, Ponce de Leon was injured as he had an arrow jutting out of his thigh. However, that was not the alone birth trauma he had during the battle. Ponce de Leon decease of his harm exploited the expedition's turn back to Havana Spanish Florida. In 1521 Pedro de Quejo and Francisco Gordillo inscribed 60 Indians at Winyah Bay Spanish Florida, South Carolina Spanish Florida. Quejo, with the patronage of Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón Spanish Florida, turn back to the atmosphere in 1525, playing at individual point between Amelia Island Spanish Florida and the Chesapeake Bay Spanish Florida. In 1526 de Ayllón led an hostile expedition of both 600 disabled to the South Carolina coast. After exploratory survey mathematical point as far mississippi as Ponce de León Inlet Spanish Florida in Florida, the body of San Miguel de Gualdape Spanish Florida was self-constituted in the scenery of Sapelo Sound Spanish Florida, Georgia Spanish Florida. Disease, hunger, acold and Indian onslaught led to San Miguel presence deserted after alone two months. About 150 unfortunate person turn back to Spanish settlements.Dominican Spanish Florida monastery Fr. Antonio de Montesinos Spanish Florida and Fr. Anthony de Cervantes were on the colonists. Given that at the case priests were obliged to say body from each one day, it is historically unhazardous to assert that Catholic Mass was historied in what is today the United States for the first time, by these Dominicans, still though the particular day of the month and location physical object unclear.9 Spanish Florida In 1527 Pánfilo de Narváez Spanish Florida left Spain with five ships and around 600 people on a missionary post to prospect and to settle the tideland of the Gulf of Mexico between the I suggest this existing Spanish body in Mexico and Florida. After storms and delays, the hostile expedition landed distance Tampa Bay on April 12, 1528, already short on supplies, with around 400 people. Confused as to the location of Tampa Bay Milanich notes that a direction guide utilised by Spanish pilots Spanish Florida at the case located Tampa Bay both 90 league too far north, Narváez unsent his skeleton in scouring of it while to the highest degree of the hostile expedition marched northward, supposedly to gather the skeleton at the bay. Intending to chance Tampa Bay, Narváez united walking to the coast, through what turned out to be for the most part solitary territory. The hostile expedition was forced to subsist on the commonwealth and so had brought with them, unloosen and so reached the Withlacoochee River Spanish Florida, where and so eventually gather Indians. Seizing hostages, the hostile expedition top out the Indians' village, where and so open up corn Spanish Florida. Further northern and so were met by a of import who led and so to his moshav on the far lateral of the Suwannee River Spanish Florida. The chief, Dulchanchellin, tested to sign up the Spanish as alinement once more his enemies, the Apalachee Spanish Florida. Seizing Indians as guides, the Spaniards travelled northwestern towards the Apalachee territory. Milanich suggests that the guides led the Spanish on a devious trade route through the roughest country they could find. In any case, the expedition did not find the larger Apalachee towns. By the case the expedition reached Aute, a town near the Gulf Coast, it had been under bomb by Indian archers for many days. Plagued by illness, short rations, and inimical Indians, Narváez decided to sail to Mexico rather than essay an overland march. Two 100, and forty two men set sail on five crude rafts. All the rafts were destroyed on the Texas Spanish Florida coast. After eight years, four survivors, terminal Ã�lvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca Spanish Florida, top out New Spain Mexico. A fifth, Juan Ortiz, on the loose from life imprisonment with the Indians after 12 years. Hernando de Soto Spanish Florida had old person one of Francisco Pizarro Spanish Florida's of import first lieutenant in the Spanish subjection of the Inca Empire Spanish Florida, and had turn back to Spain a real moneyed man. He was assigned Adelantado of Florida and politician of Cuba, and tack together a large hostile expedition to 'conquer' Florida. On May 30, 1539, de Soto and his companions landed in Tampa Bay, where they found Juan Ortiz, who had old person captured by the local Indians a decade earlier when he was sent ashore from a skeleton searching for Narváez. Ortiz passed on the Indian reports of riches, including gold, to be found in Apalachee, and de Soto set off with 550 soldiers, 200 horses, and a few priests and friars. De Soto's hostile expedition temporary off the land as it marched. De Soto followed a route further inland large that of Narváez's expedition, but the Indians characterise the earlier disruptions caused by the Spanish, and were upon one's guard, when not outright hostile. De Soto seized Indians to function as guides and porters. The hostile expedition top out Apalachee in October, and effected intelligence the of import Apalachee burg of Anhaica Spanish Florida for the winter, where and so open up large word of stored food, but olive-sized gold or different riches. In the vernal equinox de Soto set out to the northeast, fording panama hat is now Georgia and South Carolina intelligence North Carolina Spanish Florida, and so revolved westward, crosstown the Great Smoky Mountains Spanish Florida intelligence Tennessee Spanish Florida, and so united mississippi intelligence Georgia. Turning westwards again, the hostile expedition crosstown Alabama Spanish Florida. They gone all of heritor case in a wrestle with Indians distance Choctaw Bluff Spanish Florida on the Alabama River Spanish Florida, and tired the season in Mississippi Spanish Florida. In May 1541 the hostile expedition crosstown the Mississippi River Spanish Florida and jazz around through present-day Arkansas Spanish Florida, Missouri Spanish Florida and perchance Kansas Spanish Florida before compensatory spending the season in Oklahoma Spanish Florida. In 1542 the hostile hostile expedition oriented body to the Mississippi River, where de Soto died. Three 100, and ten unfortunate person turn body from the hostile hostile expedition in 1543. Although the Spanish had gone desire of finding amber and other wealth in Florida, it was stick out as indispensable to the biological defense of heritor commissioned military officer and regional in Mexico and the Caribbean. In 1559 Tristán de Luna y Arellano Spanish Florida nigh Mexico with 500 poilu and 1,000 civil on a missionary post to open up commissioned military officer at Ochuse Pensacola Bay Spanish Florida and Santa Elena Spanish Florida Port Royal Sound Spanish Florida. The projection was to land everybody at Ochuse, with most of the colonists marching overland to Santa Elena. A tropic storm struck five days after the fleet's arrival at the Bay of Ochuse, sinking ten of the thirteen ships on with the victualer that had not yet old person unloaded. Expeditions into the interior failed to find adequate victualer of food. Most of the colony moved inland to Nanicapana, renamed Santa Cruz, where some food had old person found, but it could not support the colony and the Spanish returned to Pensacola Bay. In bodily function to a crowned order to straightaway dabble Santa Elena, Luna sent three small ships, but they were damaged in a storm and returned to Mexico. Angel de Villafañe Spanish Florida replaced the discredited Luna in 1561, with wish to back off most of the colonize from Ochuse and dabble Santa Elena. Villafañe led 75 men to Santa Elena, but a tropical electrical storm backed his skeleton before and so could land, forcing the hostile expedition to turn back to Mexico. The constitution of standing body and embarrassment in Florida by Spain Spanish Florida was in bodily function to the contend posed by French Florida Spanish Florida: French commissioned military officer Jean Ribault Spanish Florida led an hostile expedition to Florida, and self-constituted Charlesfort Spanish Florida on panama hat is now Parris Island, South Carolina Spanish Florida in 1562. However, the Wars of Religion Spanish Florida obstruct Ribault from reversive to bush the fort, and the men deserted it. Two mid-sixties later, René Goulaine de Laudonnière Spanish Florida, Ribault's first lieutenant on the late voyage, set out to open up a shelter for Protestant Spanish Florida Huguenot Spanish Florida colonize in Florida. He sensible Fort Caroline Spanish Florida at panama hat is now Jacksonville Spanish Florida in July 1564. Once again, however, a logistics missionary post by Ribault lose track to arrive, minatory the colony. Some insurgent suckle Fort Caroline to secured in piracy Spanish Florida once more Spanish colonies, sending dismay on the Spanish government. Laudonnière about abandoned the body in 1565, but Jean Ribault eventually set ashore with victualer and new pilgrim in August.:199–200 At the identical time, in bodily function to French activities, King Philip II of Spain Spanish Florida assigned Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Spanish Florida Adelantado Spanish Florida of Florida, with a subcommittee to control non-Spanish risky venture from all of the real property from Newfoundland Spanish Florida to St. Joseph Bay Spanish Florida on the northern tideland of the Gulf of Mexico Spanish Florida. Menéndez de Avilés top out Florida at the identical case as Ribault in 1565, and self-constituted a found at San AgustÃn Spanish Florida St. Augustine in English, the senior incessantly populated European-established settlement in what is now the continental United States. Menéndez de Avilés quickly set out to bomb Fort Caroline, traveling terrestrial from St. Augustine. At the same time, Ribault simper from Fort Caroline, intending to bomb St. Augustine from the sea. The French fleet, however, was flick out to sea and decimated by a squall. Meanwhile, the Spanish overwhelmed the heavily defended Fort Caroline, stinting only the women and children.:200–202 Some 25 men were ability to escape. When the Spanish turn back mississippi and open up the French ship survivors, Menéndez de Avilés successive all of the Huguenots executed.13 Spanish Florida The point run well-known as Matanzas Spanish Florida.10 Spanish Florida Following the deportation of the French, the Spanish correlated Fort Caroline Fort San Mateo Spanish Florida Saint Matthew. Two mid-sixties later, Dominique de Gourgues Spanish Florida feel the military post from the Spanish and butchering all of the Spanish defenders. In 1549 Father Luis de Cancer Spanish Florida and three different Dominicans Spanish Florida unsuccessful the first alone saint cyril hostile expedition in la Florida. Following orientate of homegrown eye contact with Spanish refund who had neglected a 1537 Papal Bull Spanish Florida which reprobate subjection in no confidence terms, the spiritual order's essay was deserted after alone 6 hebdomad with de Cancer's savage decease by Tocobaga Spanish Florida natives. His decease unsent stupefaction rolling wave through the Dominican saint cyril gathering in New Spain Spanish Florida for numerousness years. In 1566, the Spanish self-constituted the body of Santa Elena Spanish Florida on panama hat is now Parris Island, South Carolina Spanish Florida. Juan Pardo led two hostile expedition 1566-7 and 1567-8 from Santa Elena as far as east Tennessee, establishing six terminable twoscore in interior. The Spanish deserted Santa Elena and the close refuge in 1587.15 Spanish Florida In 1586, English sea commissioned military officer Francis Drake Spanish Florida ransacked and cooked St. Augustine, terminal a munition that was nether construction, cold spell reversive from marauding Santo Domingo Spanish Florida and Cartagena Spanish Florida in the Caribbean. His maraud unprotected Spain's mental block to right stand up her settlements.17 Spanish Florida The Jesuits Spanish Florida had recommence establishing missionary post to the Native Americans in Florida in 1567, but back off in 1572 after inimical gather with the natives. In 1573 Franciscans Spanish Florida false duty for missionary post to the Native Americans, finally in operation heaps of missionary post to the Guale Spanish Florida, Timucua Spanish Florida and Apalachee Spanish Florida tribes. The missionary post were not set counterinsurgency extracted from this site and the Guale first roisterer on October 4, 1597 in panama hat is now present-day inshore Georgia Spanish Florida.19 Spanish Florida The postponement of the mission drainage system also provided a militaristic strategical advantageousness from British cavalry arriving from the North. During the hundred-plus period traverse of missionary expansion, disease from the Europeans had a remarkable impact on the natives, on with the rising power of the French and British.20 Spanish Florida During the Queen Anne's War Spanish Florida, the British destroyed more than of the missions. By 1706, the missionaries backward from heritor missionary post post and turn back to St. Augustine. Spanish Governor Pedro de dobson lamplighter at establishing cease-fire with the homegrown letters to the South of St. Augustine. An account is canned of his meeting with large Indian icteridae (chiefs). Ybarra Ibarra in 1605 unsent Alvaro Mexia Spanish Florida, a cartographer, on a missionary post farther South to gather and evolve tactful present times with the Ais Spanish Florida Indian nation, and to do a map of the region. His missionary post was successful. In February 1647, the Apalachee Spanish Florida revolted. The insurrection altered the human relationship between Spanish palace and the Apalachee. Following the revolt, Apalachee men were involuntary to duty on unexclusive labor of love in St. Augustine or on Spanish-owned ranches. In 1656, the Timucua Spanish Florida rebelled, turbulent the Spanish missionary post in Florida Spanish Florida. This as well impressed the grazier and feed victualer for St. Augustine. Throughout the 17th century, English and Scottish colonize from the Carolina Spanish Florida and Virginia Spanish Florida commissioned military officer step by step flick the wild of Spanish associated state south. In the primal 18th century, French body on the Mississippi River Spanish Florida and Gulf Coast Spanish Florida advance on the occidental word of the Spanish claim. Starting in 1680, English and Scottish poilu from Carolina and their Native American alinement repeatedly onslaught Spanish missionary post moshav and St. Augustine, combustion missionary post and violent death and plate Indians. In 1702, James Moore Spanish Florida led an ground forces of colonize and a Native American sandbag of Yamasee Spanish Florida, Tallapoosa Spanish Florida, Alabama Spanish Florida, and different Creek Spanish Florida insurgent nether the Yamasee of import Arratommakaw. The ground forces attacked and razed Spanish Florida the burg of St. Augustine, but could not draw monopolise of the fort. Moore in 1704 ready-made a chain of raids Spanish Florida intelligence the Apalachee Province Spanish Florida of Florida, plundering and destructive to the highest degree of the unexhausted Spanish missionary post and violent death or plate to the highest degree of the Indian population. By 1707 the few living Indians had suckle to Spanish St. Augustine and Pensacola, or French Mobile Spanish Florida. Some of the Native Americans seize by Moore's ground forces were relocated on the Savannah Spanish Florida and the Ocmulgee Spanish Florida rapid in Georgia. In 1696 the Spanish had sensible Pensacola Spanish Florida distance the past bivouac of Ochuse. In 1719, the French seize the Spanish body at Pensacola. During the 18th century, the Native American people who would run the Seminoles Spanish Florida recommence their migration to Florida, which had old person largely uninhabited by Carolinian and Yamasee someone raids. British Carolina's control was backed and the body about blighted tube the Yamasee War Spanish Florida of 1715–1717, after which the Native American someone trade Spanish Florida was radically reformed. In 1763, Spain commerce Florida to Great Britain in photochemical exchange for monopolise of Havana Spanish Florida, Cuba Spanish Florida, which had old person seize by the British tube the Seven Years' War Spanish Florida. As Britain had thwarted France in the war, it look backward concluded all of French Louisiana Spanish Florida eastward of the Mississippi River Spanish Florida, demur for New Orleans Spanish Florida. Finding this new associated state too huge to regularize as a individuality unit, Britain metameric the southmost area of cardiac dullness intelligence two regional set-apart by the Apalachicola River Spanish Florida: East Florida Spanish Florida the dry land and West Florida Spanish Florida the panhandle. The British before long recommence your recruiter to attract colonists to the area, offering free real property and patronage for export-oriented businesses. In 1764, the British moved the blue hairline of West Florida to a line nursing from the palate of the Yazoo River Spanish Florida eastward to the Chattahoochee River Spanish Florida 32° 22′ northern latitude, concordant of about the depress third of the instant right of Mississippi Spanish Florida and Alabama Spanish Florida, terminal the of import Natchez District Spanish Florida. During this time, Creek Spanish Florida Indians recommence to immigrate intelligence Florida, major to the head of the Seminole Spanish Florida tribe. The aboriginal people of Florida had old person desolate by war and disease, and it is thought most of the survivors accompanied the Spanish settlers when they left for other commissioned military officer for the most part French in 1763. This left wide operating cost of associated state lance to the Lower Creeks, who had old person in counterinsurgency with the Upper Creeks of Alabama Spanish Florida for years. The Seminole in the beginning engaged the silvan areas of northern Florida. Under head from colonize and the United States Army in the Seminole Wars, and so immigrate intelligence fundamental and gray Florida, to the Everglades Spanish Florida. Many of heritor posterity bivouac in this refuge nowadays as one of the two federally recognised Seminole present times in the state. Britain maintained monopolise concluded East Florida tube the American Revolutionary War Spanish Florida, but the Spanish, by that case related with the French who were at war with Britain, feel to the highest degree of West Florida. At the end of the war, the Peace of Paris 1783 Spanish Florida between the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Spain give all of East and West Florida to Spanish control, but set specifying the boundaries. Spain retrieve holding of the Floridas from Britain in the Peace of Paris of 1783 Spanish Florida, and continuing the British biologism of dominant the Floridas as unaccompanied territories: West Florida and East Florida. When Spain noninheritable West Florida in 1783, the east British hairline was the Apalachicola River, but Spain in 1785 stirred it eastwards to the Suwannee River Spanish Florida. The will was to transshipment San Marcos and the associated state of Apalachee from East Florida to West Florida.25 Spanish Florida After American independence, the mineral deficiency of specific boundaries led to a state line contend with the fresh bacilliform United States, well-known as the West Florida Controversy Spanish Florida. The two 1783 mid-twenties that undetermined the American Revolutionary War had different in boundaries. The Treaty of Paris Spanish Florida between Britain and the United States specific the hairline between West Florida and the fresh strong-minded U.S. at 31° Spanish Florida. However, in the comrade Peace of Paris between Britain and Spain, West Florida was give to Spain without its boundaries being specified. The Spanish palace false that the hairline was the same as in the 1763 accession by which they had first given their territory in Florida to Britain, noisy that the blue hairline of West Florida was at the 32° 22′ hairline established by Britain in 1764 after the Seven Years' War Spanish Florida. The British rivet line at 32° 22′ was walking to Spain's old right of 32° 30′, which unstylish to the 1670 Treaty of Madrid Spanish Florida. The now strong-minded United States stand fast that the hairline was at 31°, as specific in its Treaty of Paris with Britain. After American independence, Spain claimed far more real property than the old British West Florida, terminal the east side of the Mississippi River northern to the Ohio and Tennessee rivers. This expanded right was supported on Spain's successful military dealing against the British in the atmosphere during the war. Spain engaged or built individual forts northern of the old British West Florida border, terminal Fort Confederación Spanish Florida, Fort Nogales at present-day Vicksburg Spanish Florida, and Fort San Fernando (at present-day Memphis Spanish Florida).31 Spanish Florida Spain tested to set the contend quickly, but the U.S. delayed, informed that case was on its side. By Pinckney's Treaty Spanish Florida of 1795 with the United States, Spain recognised the 31st collateral as the border, morpheme the first West Florida Controversy. Andrew Ellicott Spanish Florida canvas this collateral in 1797, as the state line between the United States and Spanish territories. In 1798, Ellicott reportable to the palace that four American gross were experience stress from Spain, terminal General James Wilkinson Spanish Florida. In the primal 19th century, Spain offered generous real property container in Florida as a stepping stone of attracting settlers, and capture considerable numbers, both from Spain and from the United States. After pilgrim onslaught on Indian towns, Indians based in Florida recommence marauding Georgian Spanish Florida settlements, supposedly at the bid of the Spanish. The United States Army Spanish Florida led more and more dominant entrance intelligence Spanish territory, terminal an 1810–1812 filibuster Spanish Florida run by George Mathews Spanish Florida with intercession by the U.S. Navy Spanish Florida that run well-known as the Patriot War Spanish Florida of East Florida, and an 1817–1818 run once more the Seminole Spanish Florida by Andrew Jackson Spanish Florida that run well-known as the First Seminole War Spanish Florida. Following the war, the United States efficaciously disciplines East Florida. By this time, the United States was as well attentive around the militarized mineral deficiency in Spanish Florida, who run well-known as the Black Seminoles Spanish Florida. Slaveholders Spanish Florida loved to distrain someone slaves, and someone pedaller take water the territory. The Adams-OnÃs Treaty Spanish Florida was subscribed between the United States and Spain on February 22, 1819, and look backward coriolis effect on July 17, 1821. According to the status of the treaty, the United States noninheritable Florida Spanish Florida, and, in exchange, stigmatise all its contend to Texas Spanish Florida. Hundreds of Black Seminoles on the loose from Cape Florida Spanish Florida to the Bahamas Spanish Florida in the early 1820s, to avoid US much more text slave raiders.
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0.999838 |
Are there possibilities to enter in the French bar school for a foreigner after an LLM ?
This might provide some insight: https://www.cnb.avocat.fr/en/accessing-legal-profession-france.
To join the French bar school after an LLM, the fastest option is to do a Ph.D. after your LLM.
If you have a Ph.D. in law, you are exempt from taking the entrance examination at the French bar school.
The theses are in French. It is for this reason that for a foreign student it is interesting to start with an LLM, because the number of hours of lessons is not important and this leaves you the time to devote yourself to learning the language.
- You must first find a thesis subject. The best for international student is to find an international topic.
For more information, you can contact the doctoral office.
That's why an LLM is perfect for taking a first step into a prestigious university.
The priority for theses is given to the students of the University, a foreign students outside the University would have no chance of being selected without going through an LLM.
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0.963424 |
Yes, their football field is actually blue.
In Boise, Idaho, 1932 Boise Junior College was formed. Then it progressed into Boise College in 1965, following into Boise State College in 1969. Finally, in 1974, Boise State College became Boise State University, or BSU. www.boisestate.edu Home | Boise State University | Welcome to Boise State. Academic excellence since 1932 with a focus on research, creativity and innovation.
Boise State Fun Facts: -Their blue football field is nicknamed the "Smurf Turf." -Boise State University and Eastern Washington University are the only colleges with non-green football fields. -In football, Boise State is famous for their "trick plays." Right after a football player scored a touchdown, he ran up to his girlfriend, and proposed to her. -Some of the most common majors at BSU are nursing, communications, and accounting. -Boise State in located in downtown Boise, the capital of Idaho. In Boise, people enjoy going outdoors, hiking, skiing, kayaking, and exploring the local nature.
2007 Fiesta Bowl www.youtube.com Boise State's victory in the 2007 Fiesta bowl earns the top 2 positions in ESPN's top 10 plays.
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0.952249 |
The Justice Department is probing former Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke Ryan Keith ZinkeOvernight Energy: Gillibrand offers bill to ban pesticide from school lunches | Interior secretary met tribal lawyer tied to Zinke casino dispute | Critics say EPA rule could reintroduce asbestos use Interior secretary met with tribal lawyer attached to Zinke casino dispute Zinke joins board of small gold mining company MORE, who left the agency Wednesday, for potentially lying to investigators, The Washington Post reported Thursday.
The department's public integrity section is looking into whether Zinke lied to the Interior Inspector General's Office, which was looking into various inquiries having to do with Zinke.
Upon his departure, the inspector general was investigating a land deal Zinke entered into with the chairman of oil services company Haliburton, as well as a decision the Interior made to reject signing off on a proposal from two tribes to run a commercial casino off reservation land in Connecticut.
It was first reported in October that the inspector general referred a case on Zinke to the Department of Justice (DOJ).
The DOJ, which typically does not discuss ongoing investigations, has not announced which case is under investigation. The Post reported that it was unclear what lie Zinke is being investigated, but sources said it was not about the land deal he struck.
An Interior spokesperson refused to comment citing the government shutdown. Zinke's lawyer did not respond to a request for comment.
Zinke submitted his resignation in December on the heels of the various investigations. In a statement he released on Twitter, Zinke blamed the media — and expensive legal fees — for his reason to leave Washington.
“After 30 years of public service, I cannot justify spending thousands of dollars defending myself and my family against false allegations,” he wrote.
Interior’s inspector general in October found Zinke’s wife, Lola, had inappropriately traveled on work business with her husband on the taxpayer’s dime.
The news of the DOJ referral surfaced after The Hill reported in October that a Department of Housing and Urban Development political appointee was tapped to replace Interior’s acting inspector general. The agency later walked back the appointment of Suzanne Tufts to the spot, arguing that the announcement made by Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson Benjamin (Ben) Solomon CarsonHUD drafting rule to require carbon monoxide detectors in public housing Treasury offers new guidance on opportunity zones HUD chief Carson leaves Dem lawmaker exasperated with answer on LGBT protections MORE was done in error.
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0.999948 |
The battle of Marston Moor was part of the English Civil Wars.
The outcome? The royalists lost and Oliver Cromwell was happy.
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0.967011 |
For over two centuries, the evolution of democracy has been marked by repeated democratic waves. Yet these cross-border bursts of revolution and reform have varied widely in their origins, intensity, and success rates. How do we compare cascades of regime change, and what lessons do they offer about the spread of democracy? I lay out a historical framework of democratic waves that focuses on recurring causal mechanisms across time. Thirteen democratic waves are categorized according to two dimensions: 1) the origins of external influence, located in either vertical hegemonic transformations or in horizontal cross-border linkages; 2) the strength of external influence, taking the form of contagion when outside forces dominate and emulation when domestic focal points shape the timing of contention. This approach allows for more meaningful comparisons between these important, recurring, yet seemingly incomparable democratic waves. More generally, it suggests that the global history of democracy cannot be reduced to the sum of its national trajectories.
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0.944657 |
What is the true Magic Behind Harry Potter?
There is a boy who sits beside me in calculus, who has a new book resting in the top right corner of his desk every other day. Originally, I was envious of his ability to possess enough time to read that he could plow through so many pages daily. I watched with amusement, looking forward to see what he would read next.
Then, two weeks ago, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone by J.K. Rowling appeared on his desk. Immediately, classmates began to speak to him, asking him who his favorite characters were, how many times he has read the entire series (a jaw-dropping ten by the way), and various other Harry Potter related questions. Even the math teacher would spend a fraction of his limited class time to discuss the plot and developments, pondering over the importance of certain characters and other elements of the series.
Watching everyone push past the typical people they spoke to within that class made me realize the sheer power of Harry Potter as a series. Throughout my life, ever since I originally started reading Harry Potter in the fourth grade, I established connections with people over the Wizarding World of Harry Potter. However, I had never really stepped back to realize the sheer ability of a series to transcend past divisions within communities, and pull people together.
Every year, I connect with my teachers, namely my English and Biology teachers, over our favorite Harry Potter books and the houses that we belong to. In fact, I have pressured each of my teachers into taking the "official" sorting hat quiz on Pottermore that was curated by J.K. Rowling herself. I have helped my tenth grade English teacher figure out her route for her first visit to Harry Potter World. I have brainstormed with my Molecular Biology teacher over ideas on how to replicate the Tri-Wizard tournament so that her kids could partake in it at her home. And, I have discussed the ways that Harry Potter reflects real-world issues in subtle ways with my fifth grade teacher, who I still visit from time to time.
In addition, I have created many friendships through a mutual love in the Harry Potter World. In fact, one of my best friends and I took an impromptu trip to the Wizarding World of Harry Potter in Orlando last year for my sixteenth birthday. I have formed a "book squad" within my old field hockey team where we hosted Harry Potter themed dinners together and had marathons. Not only have I created friendships throughout my school and community through my love of Harry Potter, but I have established connections throughout the world in a similar way. I have friends who I discuss books with who live in Canada, Chicago, Great Britain, Germany, Texas, and the Philippines. If that doesn't show you Harry Potter's ability to draw connections between people that would not have previously existed, then I don't know what would.
This year, as a President of the English Honors Society, I even used this ability for Harry Potter to establish connections to motivate the members of the society. At the beginning of the year, I asked each of them to disclose their Harry Potter house in a survey. Then, I told them that the Hogwarts house with the most EHS hours by the end of the year, wins the EHS "Hogwarts House Cup," and would win a prize. Then, when I created the tutoring schedules I paired people with others in their house, so they can get to know each other. By doing this, I unknowingly used the ability of Harry Potter to band people together as a motivation tactic.
The one boy who is still deep into his eleventh re-read of the Harry Potter series is what catalyzed this realization for me. Harry Potter, a character that originated in the imagination of a single woman, possesses the staggering ability to unify people across friend groups, age groups, state lines, and country lines. And that ability is what truly makes the series magical.
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List of famous people named Melissa, along with photos. How many celebrities named Melissa can you think of? The famous Melissas below have many different professions, as this list includes notable actors named Melissa, athletes named Melissa, and even political figures named Melissa. Did we forget your favorite famous person whose name is Melissa? Add them to the list.
Melissa Etheridge is definitely the one to beat on this list. She's won an Academy Award, two Grammy's and has been nominated for 13 other Grammy Awards. Some of her top hits include "Ain't It Heavy" and "Come to My Window".
There are also some funny Melissas on here, as well. Melissa Joan Hart, known for Clarissa Explains It All, Sabrina and Melissa and Joey. Melissa Rauch rose to stardom with her memorable role in The Big Bang Theory.
Melissa McCarthy, a comedian superstar, has been nominated for an Academy Award, Emmy's and SAG Awards. She even has started her own fashion line that supports an end to body shaming and women of all sizes.
Melissa Ivy Rauch is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for her role as Dr. Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory.
Melissa Leo is a film producer.
Melissa Gorga is an American reality television personality and singer. She is a member of the cast of The Real Housewives of New Jersey, joining the show in its third season.
Melissa Fumero is an American actress. She is known for portraying Adriana Cramer on One Life to Live, Zoe on Gossip Girl, and Amy Santiago on Brooklyn Nine-Nine.
Mélissa Désormeaux-Poulin, born in 1981, is a French Canadian actress.
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This article is about the band. For the band's eponymous album, see 3 Doors Down (album).
3 Doors Down is an American rock band from Escatawpa, Mississippi, that formed in 1996. The band originally consisted of Brad Arnold (lead vocals, drums), Todd Harrell (bass guitar), Matt Roberts (lead guitar), and Chris Henderson (rhythm guitar). The band rose to international fame with their first single, "Kryptonite", which placed in the top three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The band then signed with Republic Records and released their debut album, The Better Life, in 2000. The album was the 11th-best-selling album of the year and was certified 6x platinum in the United States. The group was later joined by drummer Richard Liles, who played during the tour for their first album.
The band's second album, Away from the Sun (2002), continued the band's success; it debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 chart, went multi-platinum in the U.S. like its predecessor, and spawned the hits "When I'm Gone" and "Here Without You". The band toured extensively for two years. Daniel Adair played drums on tour from 2002 to 2006. This configuration played nearly 1,000 shows across the world following the release of Away from the Sun. In 2005, Greg Upchurch (Puddle of Mudd) joined to play drums to replace Adair. 3 Doors Down released their third album, Seventeen Days in 2005. The album debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart and was certified platinum within one month of release. Their fourth album, 3 Doors Down (2008), also debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart. The band's fifth studio album, Time of My Life (2011) debuted at No. 3 on the charts.
Original guitarist Matt Roberts departed in 2012, owing to health issues. He was replaced by Chet Roberts, who was formerly Henderson's guitar tech. Harrell was fired from the band in 2013 after being charged with vehicular homicide, and was replaced by bassist Justin Biltonen. Worldwide, 3 Doors Down has sold more than 20 million albums. The band has shared the stage with artists such as Daughtry, Pop Evil, Red Sun Rising, Black Stone Cherry, Megadeth, Staind, Nickelback, Three Days Grace, Oleander, Alter Bridge, Breaking Benjamin, Seether, Shinedown, Hinder, ZZ Top, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Bob Seger, and Toby Keith.
The band originally consisted of Brad Arnold (vocals/drums), Todd Harrell (bass), and Matt Roberts (guitar). The band began to tour outside Escatawpa, and it was during a trip to Foley, Alabama that they came up with their official name. When the three men were walking through the town, they saw a building where some letters had fallen off its sign, and it read "Doors Down". Since at the time they consisted of three people, they added the "3" to create "3 Doors Down". The cover of their 2011 album Time of My Life hints at the original number of band members (3) and current band members (5); the clock on the album cover reads 3:05.
A couple of years after performing together, Todd Harrell asked rhythm guitarist Chris Henderson to join the band. They recorded a demo CD of their original songs at Lincoln Recording in Pascagoula, Mississippi. When the band gave the CD to local radio station WCPR-FM they started playing the EP version of "Kryptonite", and it became the No. 1 requested song on the station for over 15 weeks. The station's program director sent the song to manager Phin Daly who in turn showed it to Bill McGathy, his employer at In De Goot Entertainment. They decided to fly the band into New York to perform a showcase at the CBGB music club. Daly told HitQuarters: "Once they got on stage and started playing it was apparent the magic was in the music. So we moved to sign them." 3 Doors Down's success on the radio also led to Republic Records signing the band.
3 Doors Down's first studio album, The Better Life, was released on February 8, 2000 and went on to become the 11th best-selling album of the year, selling over three million copies. It has since been certified 6x platinum, thanks in large part to the international hit singles, "Kryptonite", "Loser", and "Duck and Run". A fourth single, "Be Like That" was re-recorded for the 2001 film American Pie 2, with alternate lyrics for the first 3 lines. This version is known as "The American Pie 2 Edit". Whilst recording the album, Brad Arnold recorded both the vocal and drum parts. However, the band hired drummer Richard Liles for the tour in support of The Better Life so that Arnold could perform at the front of the stage. Liles left in late 2001.
The band recorded in 2009 a Christmas song called "Where My Christmas Lives", which was the first Christmas song Brad Arnold had ever written. It was digitally released along with seven acoustic songs on December 8. Six of these acoustic tracks were from the previous self-titled album, and one was an acoustic version of "Where my Christmas Lives".
In January, Chris Henderson reported to the Phoenix New Times that their new album would be released sometime in 2014. From the tail end of 2013 into 2014, the band embarked on an acoustic tour entitled "Songs from the Basement" and toured around the United States. In February 2014, Todd Harrell was arrested in Mississippi once again for a DUI. Afterward, the band released a statement that Harrell was permanently out of the band, and that they would continue with Justin Biltonen as his replacement. In June, Chris Henderson announced that the new album would be titled Us and the Night. It was originally set to be released between September and November 2015. In January 2016, the album's release date was finally revealed to be March 11, 2016. The band then went on tour around North America and in festivals such as Fort rock and Carolina Rebellion. 3 Doors Down toured the UK and Europe with a lot of sold out shows.
In 2018, 3 Doors Down embarked on the Rock n' Roll Express tour along with Collective Soul and opening acts Soul Asylum. The tour has shows in 36 cities in America.
On June 28–29, 2014, 3 Doors Down played both days at Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan. They played all of their greatest hits, and only two new songs. This was at the Americafest celebration.
Past performers at the show include Lynyrd Skynyrd, Shinedown, Alter Bridge, Staind, Hinder, Switchfoot, Tracy Lawrence, Sara Evans, and others. Past auction items include a Paul Stanley guitar played on the KISS Farewell Tour, a total of four Roger Bourget motorcycles, access to the Dale Jr. racing suite, NASCAR artwork by Brad Daley, numerous signed guitars and sports memorabilia.
^ a b Proefrock, Stacia. "3 Doors Down". AllMusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/3-doors-down-mn0000923323/biography. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
^ Steininger, Adam (August 23, 2013). "The 10 Worst Post-Grunge Bands". LA Weekly. http://www.laweekly.com/music/the-10-worst-post-grunge-bands-4169278. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
^ Ryan, Patrick (July 19, 2013). "3 Doors Down to play U.S. Scouts Jamboree". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2013/07/19/3-doors-down-to-play-us-scouts-jamboree/2569377/. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
^ a b "New 3 Doors Down Material Coming in 2014, Guitarist Chris Henderson Confirms". Ultimate Guitar. January 23, 2014. http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/upcoming_releases/new_3_doors_down_material_coming_in_2014_guitarist_chris_henderson_confirms.html. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
^ "Events". Archived from the original on 2016-07-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20160728081700/http://www.3doorsdown.com/. Retrieved 2016-08-19.
^ a b "Interview with Phin Daly". HitQuarters. November 1, 2001. http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_Phin_Daly_Interview.html. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
^ "3 Doors Down Biography". 3doorsdown.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090714101914/http://www.3doorsdown.com/bio.aspx. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
^ "Music Albums, Top 200 Albums & Music Album Charts". Billboard. December 31, 2009. Archived from the original on September 3, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903053729/http://www.billboard.com/charts-decade-end/billboard-200-albums?year=2009. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
^ Waddell, Ray (October 16, 2006). "3 Doors Down Plots Benefit, New Album". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130704033736/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/56947/3-doors-down-plots-benefit-new-album. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
^ "3 Doors Down Grab Muddy Drummer". TotalRock. Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20071016070053/http://totalrock.com/newsstory.php?id=EEpZluZlZpBUfEcNOsq%3D. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
^ Katie Hasty (May 28, 2008). "3 Doors Down Cruises To No.1 On Album Chart". Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045267/3-doors-down-cruises-to-no-1-on-album-chart. Retrieved May 28, 2008.
^ Deborah Evans Price (March 27, 2009). "Jon Bon Jovi, Queen Latifah go gospel for "Day"". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 26, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110526173545/https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/27/us-gospel-idUSTRE52Q6WQ20090327. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
^ "Where My Christmas Lives By 3 Doors Down Songfacts". SongFacts. October 28, 2009. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=17953.
^ ""Every Time You Go" Available May 23!". 3 Doors Down Official Website. January 10, 2011. Archived from the original on May 26, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110526173545/http://www.3doorsdown.com/profiles/blogs/every-time-you-go-available. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
^ "Every Time You Go by 3 Doors Down Chart Summary". music-chart.info. March 28, 2011. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110719060331/http://www.music-chart.info/song/697018/Every-Time-You-Go.
^ "3 Doors Down Tour Dates 2011". SongKick. July 17, 2011. Archived from the original on October 31, 2012. http://www.songkick.com/artists/335962-3-doors-down.
^ "Gang of Outlaws Tour Announced Starring ZZ Top...". ZZ Top Official Website. March 26, 2012. Archived from the original on April 24, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120424094214/http://www.zztop.com/news/67891. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
^ "Matt Roberts Leaves 3 Doors Down". May 23, 2012. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120525221158/http://www.3doorsdown.com/news/matt-roberts-leaves-3-doors-down/. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
^ Chad Childers (October 5, 2012). "3 Doors Down to Unleash 'Greatest Hits' Collection with Three New Songs". Archived from the original on November 29, 2012. http://loudwire.com/3-doors-down-greatest-hits-collection-three-new-songs/. Retrieved October 6, 2012.
^ "2012 Republican National Convention, Order of Business" (PDF). August 2012. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120829214211/http://www.gopconvention2012.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Temp-Order-of-Business1.pdf. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
^ Sanders, Forrest (December 18, 2015). "Former 3 Doors Down bassist sentenced in vehicular homicide case". WSMV-TV. http://www.wsmv.com/story/30789363/former-3-doors-down-bassist-sentenced-in-vehicular-homicide-case.
^ "The Campaign 1984" (in en). https://www.discogs.com/artist/6005333-The-Campaign-1984.
^ "3 Doors Down Reveal 'Us and the Night' Album Title". http://loudwire.com/3-doors-down-chris-henderson-reveals-us-and-the-night-album-title/. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
^ Chad Childers (January 7, 2016). "3 Doors Down Reveal 'Us and the Night' Album Release Date + Artwork". http://loudwire.com/3-doors-down-reveal-us-and-the-night-album-release-date-artwork. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
^ "'3 Doors Down' Ex-Guitarist Dead at 38". TMZ. August 20, 2016. http://www.tmz.com/2016/08/20/3-doors-down-guitarist-dead-overdose-matt-roberts/.
^ "3 Doors Down To Release New Single". TuneLab. January 28, 2010. Archived from the original on January 26, 2011. http://tunelab.com/2010/01/28/3-doors-down-to-release-new-single. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
^ "Artists of the Decade Music Chart". Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101211143220/http://www.billboard.com/charts-decade-end/artists-of-the-decade?year=2009. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
^ Hecker, James. "AmericaFest". Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714205409/http://www.kadena.af.mil/americafest2014.asp. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
^ Melas, Chloe (January 13, 2017). "Toby Keith, 3 Doors Down among acts announced for Trump inauguration concert". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/13/entertainment/inauguration-concert-lineup-toby-keith-3-doors-down-donald-trump/. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
^ Schonfield, Zach (January 14, 2017). "3 Doors Down Fans on How They Feel About the Band Playing Trump's Inauguration". Newsweek. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. https://archive.is/20170307224212/http://europe.newsweek.com/3-doors-down-donald-trump-inauguration-performers-542751?rm=eu.
^ WKRG Staff (January 19, 2017). "3 Doors Down Ignores Criticism For Playing Trump Inauguration". WKRG-TV. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. https://archive.is/20170307224346/http://wkrg.com/2017/01/19/3-doors-down-ignores-criticism-for-playing-trump-inauguration/?shared=email&msg=fail. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
^ Threadgill, Jacob (January 18, 2007). "3 Doors Down not shying from Trump inauguration". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 25, 2017. https://archive.is/20170125053140/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/nation-now/2017/01/18/3-doors-down-trump-inauguration/96744996/.
^ Guan, Frank (January 19, 2017). "3 Doors Down Is the Perfect Band to Play Trump's Inauguration". Vulture. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. https://archive.is/20170307223949/http://www.vulture.com/2017/01/3-doors-down-belongs-at-trumps-inauguration.html.
^ Caulfield, Keith (January 26, 2017). "Billboard 200 Chart Moves: 3 Doors Down & Toby Keith Return After Trump Inauguration Concert". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7669825/billboard-200-chart-moves-3-doors-down-toby-keith-trump. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
^ "10 Great Rock-Related Charities To Support". http://loudwire.com/rock-related-charities/. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
^ "The Better Life Foundation". August 23, 2010. Archived from the original on November 6, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101106030101/http://www.3doorsdown.com/profiles/blogs/the-better-life-foundation-7th. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
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WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The United States should be on heightened alert in the coming days because of possible new terrorist action, U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft said Monday afternoon.
In a quickly called news conference, Ashcroft said intelligence sources had found "credible" information the nation could be the focus for some sort of terrorist attack within the week.
He called on law enforcement agencies, citizens and U.S. interests abroad to be on "highest alert."
The information authorities received was not specific but was sufficient to share with the public, Ashcroft said.
"I trust the American people to be able to understand ... that they can make good judgments and understand this kind of information," he said.
The information is good, said FBI Director Robert Mueller, who also attended the conference.
Officials do not know what might be attacked, or how, said Mueller, calling on police and citizens to be "extremely vigilant." He declined to name the source of the information.
Various federal agencies, including the EPA, FAA, FBI and Department of Transportation, have been alerted, Mueller said.
The FBI also issued a terrorist advisory to 18,000 law enforcement agencies nationwide, he said.
"On every occasion when the government has received credible information, we have chosen to warn our colleagues in the law-enforcement community," Mueller said.
"We are doing so today because we have such information, even though it is not specific as to intended target or as to intended method."
On October 11 -- one month after terrorist attacks -- the FBI warned another terrorist attack might come "over the next several days." The next several days passed uneventfully.
Tom Ridge, director of Homeland Security, also has discussed the heightened security alert with the nation's governors, asking them "to take appropriate precautions in their respective states," Ashcroft said.
President Bush was alerted about the threat early Monday, Ashcroft said.
* Calling the Taliban "an illegitimate, unelected group of terrorists," U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on Monday accused the organization of using civilians as human shields by placing military equipment in residential areas. Defending the U.S.-led military campaign against terrorist targets in Afghanistan, Rumsfeld blamed the Taliban for "every single casualty in this war." The air campaign, now in its fourth week, is now concentrating on Taliban military hardware and forces fighting against the opposition Northern Alliance, said Gen. Richard Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
* U.S. forces may soon establish a forward military base in Afghanistan that would support 200 to 300 commandos, USA Today reported Monday. Asked about the report at a Pentagon briefing, Rumsfeld said, "We consider lots of things, and we don't discuss them."
* U.S. officials say that Pakistan's intelligence service -- a key U.S. ally in the war against terrorism -- has had a longstanding relationship with Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda network, The New York Times reported Monday.
* The Taliban said Monday that America's "wicked designs" against Afghanistan continue, but that the only significant achievement in the U.S.-led campaign has been genocidal attacks against civilians in cities throughout the country. The Taliban ambassador to Pakistan indicated some Americans may have been detained in Afghanistan, but he didn't give any details.
* The Iranian government has agreed to reverse an earlier decision and allow Afghan refugees to settle in camps inside Iran should the need arise, an influential member of Iran's parliament said Monday. Meanwhile, the United Nations announced Ruud Lubbers, the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, will urge Pakistan to open its borders to Afghan refugees and refrain from deporting those who already have arrived.
* Mufti Mohammed Masoom Afghani, the head Islamic cleric of the Ulema Council for all Afghanistan, called on all Muslims throughout the world to defend Afghanistan, saying it has been invaded by an infidel country. In the interview with CNN's Kamal Hyder, Afghani, quoting the Koran, said it is mandatory for all Muslims to assist their brethren when attacked.
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Imagine a home much like any other home, except this house automatically adjusts its own temperature settings to maximize utility savings while keeping the home's occupants comfortable. When the owners arrive with their hands full of packages, the door unlocks with a touch of a button on their smartphone. Lights switch on at a simple voice command. And the house welcomes them into a place of warm security with their favorite music playing at the perfect volume and they lock up with another simple touch of a button on their smartphone, or wall-mounted touchscreen panel, or voice commands. Sound like something out of a sci-fi movie. No, it is a Vivint Smart Home equipped with Vivint Smart Home Cloud. We are the leading smart home provider in Otho for very good reason. In fact, with over 1,000,000 customers, Vivint Smart Home is the leading provider in North America. The Vivint Smart Home system revolves around Vivint Smart Home Cloud. When you install our system in your home, you'll gain the ability to access it from anywhere, either through the Vivint SkyControl touchscreen panel or the Vivint Smart Home app. What makes Vivint Smart Home different is its ability to do more than just allow you to program features and functions. Vivint Smart Home Cloud adds an intelligence layer to the smart home system. That means it connects every component within the home into a simple-to-use communication network, giving you control over your entire home through a single user interface. That's empowering.
Carbon monoxide gas leaks, electrical fires, flooded basements, and frozen pipes are all possibilities in an Otho home. In addition to our home security products, we also provide you with the support of our professional in-house monitoring team. Our award-winning team provides 24/7 support and industry leading response times. That way, you'll be sure to have the help you need, even if you can't get to the phone.
Otho can get extremely cold; all residents know that. We have the solution! With Sky, the intelligence layer of Vivint Smart Home Cloud, you can actually save money on your home heating and cooling costs, without compromising on your comfort. Over time, your Sky will learn how you use your home by integrating data from your in-home sensors, devices, and user profiles. Sky will gradually begin to adjust your wireless thermostat to set your home at your preferred temperature while you're at home and conserve energy while you're away. Wondering what else Vivint Smart Home provides?
Whether you're moving into a new home, or you want to teach your old home some new tricks, you can get state-of-the-art smart home technology. In fact, we can retrofit our smart home systems into virtually any type of Otho home, no matter the age or design. Vivint Smart Home wants to make your life as simple and secure as humanly possible. We provide a free one-on-one consultation so that you get the smart home of your dreams, customizing your system to fit the needs of your household. Plus, we will send our Vivint Smart Home Pros directly to your Otho household to fully install and integrate your smart home package for no additional cost (regularly $199). Isn't it time your family took advantage of the many benefits offered by a Vivint Smart Home system? Contact us today to schedule an appointment and explore just how remarkable Vivint Smart Home can be for you!
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If my daughter applies for Music courses through UCAS, and Drama Courses through UCAS Conservatoire, will the universities be aware that she has also applied for drama school? She is currently in year 12 and has projected 4 A grades. I'm worried that universities may not take her seriously if they know about her drama school applications, where she is also far less certain of being offered a place.
There should be no conflict of interest entailed in applying to UCAS Undergraduate and UCAS Conservatoire; the applications are entirely separate.
It does, of course, involve more preparation for your daughter, but in giving herself more options, the general message is that it is a positive strategy.
Overall, applying to both should give her more choices and allow her to decide which route she really wants to go down after school.
Good luck to your daughter, and fingers crossed she gets the 4 A grades!
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I want to transplant my Meyer Lemon into a bigger pot but it has lemons on it. Should I wait until it is done fruiting or will it be fine either way?
Wait until the tree is done fruiting.
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The reason texting gets so much focus, particularly through legislation, is that it fits into all three descriptions. The driver's eyes are on their phone, one or both hands are holding the phone and their mind focuses on the message.
How do California laws address distractions?
California passed cell phone laws that prohibit the use of a cell phone or other wireless device, unless there is a valid emergency or work purpose. If a driver is under 18, they cannot use any wireless device at all - no cell phones, handheld device, hands-free device, Bluetooth, speaker phone, etc.
The state also enacted a new law to expand on these stipulations. AB 1785 prohibits driving while holding a cell phone in one's hand. If the phone is used in a hands-free setting, such as via voice command or a mounting device, it is legal. Drivers also can "single swipe" a device or tap a screen once to activate or deactivate a function. Multiple scrolls or taps are illegal.
Other distractions are not illegal, but law enforcement officers who see distractions that they believe couple present a danger are able to issue citations.
Drivers should be aware of how other motorists nearby could be distracted, even if their phone isn't in their hands. A couple swipes on a GPS or a swig of coffee could just as likely cause an accident as sending a text.
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Hvordan oppfatter en som har reist verden rundt for å studere all verdens ystepraksis, norsk ost og norske ystetradisjoner? Endelig har jeg fått intervjue en som virkelig kan se norsk gardsost i et internasjonalt perspektiv. Men først litt bakgrunn.
Linnea Burnham en er utrolig smart, kvikk og sjarmerende ung student fra USA, som gjennom ett svært raust Watson-stipend, har fått reise fritt i Italia, England, Brasil, Mongologia, Sør- Afrika og altså Norge, for å studere ost. Hun hadde fra før studert fransk ostehistorie og ostens betydning for den franske nasjonalidentiteten. Virkelig interessant: Franskmennene brukte ost for å bygge opp en fransk identitet.
I Norge har vi nærmest skammet oss over de nasjonale tradisjonene. (Forbud og mistenkligjøring av generasjoners erfaring og praksis, osv) Det var prisen for at den norsk tradisjonen for stor del var budeiehistorie, i motsetning til tradisjonen i andre land hvor det er menn som yster.(De store ostehjulene…) Her til lands har budeier blitt skviset ut av støler på grunn av effektivisering av landbruket og den mannelige ensrettende meieriteknolog – for å beskrive historien veldig enkelt.
Her er Linnea Burnham hos Avdem Gårdsysteri med Åse og Sigurd. Hun ble mektig imponert over deres evne til å kombinere tradisjon og innovativ utvikling.
Heldigvis har vi revitalisert og til dels holdt i live de norske tradisjonene. Smakene fra samspillet mellom dyra, naturen og håndverket blir i dag utviklet av bønder og ystere som jeg oppfatter som norsk landbruk fremste.
Vi er et grasland. Ost og meieri er en bærebjelke i kulturen vår.
Jeg møtte Linnea Burham i ostemekkaet i Aurland i Norge og Italia (Cheese Bra) og brant selvfølgelig inne med en rekke spørsmål. Heldigvis husket hun meg godt etter våre korte møter sommeren og høsten 2015 og svarte svært entusiastisk på hendvendelsen: Norge var et av hennes favorittland når det kommer til ost og ysting.
Kathrin Aslaksby var den som først ønsket Linnea Burnham velkommen til Norge. Her fra Olestølen i Valdres.
You have studied the history of french cheese and its cultural importance. What was your main thesis?
My thesis: “Vive le Comté!: Cheese and the Making of the French National Identity, 1880-1900,” analyzed French terroir, agricultural reforms, industrialization and imperialism between 1880-1900. Specifically, I examined the Franche-Comté, a rural, predominantly agricultural region located in Eastern France to demonstrate that agriculture and, in particular, agricultural products played a key role in the formation of the French national identity. Comté, the Franche-Comté’s traditional cheese, was central to my narrative because its evolution was closely intertwined with the rise of French nationalism. When the French government prioritized agricultural reforms to “re-attach” citizens to the soil, Comté came to embody the French national spirit and Republican principles. As the cheese transformed from a “lowly” product into an icon of French grandeur, France too emerged as a prosperous, world-class nation. Moreover, when France rallied against Swiss dairy production, Comté became a symbol of national unity and social cohesion. By describing the shifts in Comté production that parallel French nation-building, I traced the emergence of Comté as an icon of the French identity to the end of the 19th century. With respect to French citizens who claim that Comté is a “timeless tradition,” I argued that Comté is a modern, constructed identity. More broadly, I hoped to provide a new lens for understanding French history, cultural traditions and food as a form of national self-identity.
What was your overall impression of Norwegian cheesemakers ?
I found Norwegian cheesemakers to be incredibly kind, hardworking, talented and creative people. While many names come to mind, I continue to be impressed by Kathrin Aslaksby’s warmth and hospitality. She was the first Norwegian to respond to my emails, welcome me into her home and teach me about her craft. I will not forget the generosity with which she connected me to dozens of other cheesemakers nor the long days we spent working and making cheese together at Olestølen farm.
Do you think there are copycats or have they found their own taste ?
Norwegians are definitely not copycats. Either they are upholding traditional Norwegian cheeses, blending tradition with innovation or borrowing ideas from abroad but making them their own to get the best of both worlds. The Avdem gardsysteri, for example, does it all: traditional pultost, brunost with juniper berries and aquavit, and an excellent Swiss-inspired cheese called, Fjelldronning.
In what way does the Norwegian tradition differentiate in a positive/negative manner ?
Two words come to mind: Resourcefulness and Overshadowed. Of the seven countries where I studied cheese-making over the past 14-months, Norwegians stand out for their ability to make fantastic cheese out of a harsh climate and terrain. I fell in love with Norwegian cheese, the farmers who make it and their stories about seeking out a living in times past. And yet, as I experienced first hand, few people outside of Scandinavia have ever heard of Norwegian cheese. Even fewer know of brunost, pultost, gammelost, trygost, nokkelost or unsalted kvitost. Other European countries such as Holland, France, Switzerland and Italy, may have international recognition for their cheese, but the rest of the world does not know what they are missing.
Did you easily find the true tradition ?
As a Watson Fellow, I visited and worked alongside a range of cheesemakers from those who uphold totally traditional methods to those who combine old techniques with modern technologies. In Norway, where I focused on brunost, I found a similar range. Some make brunost only in the summer at the setre, stirring by hand and working over a wood fire. Others follow a family recipe but allow modern equipment to boost efficiency and alleviate hand labor. I did not focus specifically on finding the “true tradition” because all of cheese-making history has been continually shaped by large forces such as industrialization, the introduction of new technologies, national and international markets, agricultural policies, etc.
Is Norway in front of or behind the struggle on raw milk ?
I did not focus my research on raw-milk legislation but I was surprised to learn that the Norwegian government banned raw-milk cheese until 2006.
What was your most interesting experience as an American ?
Reindeer hunting was, and still is, one of my favorite memories from Norway. I will never forget running through the Lesja mountains and hauling out a heavy backpack of reindeer meat with Sigurd Avdem.
Are there a lot of different tastes or could the producers get more variety ?
The Norwegian landscape lends itself to a myriad of different cheeses. I traveled over 4,000 kilometers across the country and found everything from fresh, cream cheeses to bloomy rinds to blues to hard, alpine-styles. Even among brunost producers, I was struck by the variety in flavor, texture and appearance. If, however, Norwegian artisan cheesemakers are looking for new venues, I want to see greater usage of native culture instead of the industrial, freeze-dried culture in cheese-making.
What kind of role can cheese play in local community ?
I believe that local food production is necessary to sustain our health, our economy, and our planet long-term, and that cheese-making supports sustainable dairy farming and the preservation of our agricultural landscapes. While cheese alone may be no different from another local product, community-based cheese-making can create awareness around cultural food traditions, reconnect more people with their dairy source, emphasize the quality of milk over the quantity produced and enable farmers to have greater control over their milk prices.
Linnea Burnham sammen med Pascale Baudonnel, som har holdt kurs i ysting med upasteurisert melk og var den som tok den seige kampen for at slik praksis skulle bli lov igjen i Norge.
Les mer om Linnea Burnham på nettsiden her.
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Ask someone to name an Armenian composer and the first name on the list is likely to be Aram Khachaturian, famous for his Gayane and Spartacus ballet scores. But for Armenians, their most treasured composer is Komitas (1869-1935), often described as the Armenian Bartók or the father of Armenian music. A new recording of his piano music shows him forging, like Bartók, a pioneering course ahead of his time, but unable to realise it because of historical circumstances.
Little-known abroad, but treasured at home, Komitas was born in what is now Turkey and trained as a priest at the seminary of Etchmiadzin, the centre of the Armenian Church. He collected 3000 Armenian folk tunes, composed liturgical and instrumental music, much of it based on the music he collected. During the Armenian genocide of 1915, he and other Armenian intellectuals were imprisoned by the Ottoman government until Talaat Pasha was petitioned to release him. But Komitas was left mentally unstable by the experience and spent his last 20 years in a Paris mental asylum. He died in 1935 and his remains were taken to Yerevan, the Armenian capital where the Music Conservatoire is named after him.
The surviving Komitas piano compositions are all arrangements of Armenian folk music: Seven Songs, Seven Dances and 12 Piece for Children, plus a substantial 10-minute work called Msho Shoror (Shoror Dance of Mush) and a tiny piece called Toghik, which lasts less than a minute.
Komitas, like many composers of the time, sought a national identity through music. Dvořák became known through his Slavonic Dances, composed for piano (four hands) in 1878 and 1886. Grieg wrote piano transcriptions of Norwegian songs and folk dances from the 1870s. Albéniz (in Spain), Janáček (in Moravia) and Bartók (in Hungary) followed a generation later with many piano compositions based on transcriptions and folk inspirations. There was widespread popularity to be won and money to be made from piano music for domestic performance.
Although they are miniatures, Komitas’s compositions are exquisitely crafted and Grigoryan’s performances are light, transparent and vibrate with colour. Many of the melodies are modal, some of the time signatures irregular and the harmonies often unorthodox and piquant. Like Bartók, he was forging a new language through folksong.
It’s certainly true that these pieces open up a new sound world. Komitas collected folk music in the last decade of the 19th century and first decade of the 20th century in Armenia and what is now Turkey and also notated tunes from villagers coming on pilgrimage to Etchmiadzin.
He played the dances in Paris in 1906 where his music was heard and praised by Debussy. They are contemporary with Bartók’s first piano works based on folk tunes he’d collected, like Ten Easy Pieces, For Children and Two Romanian Dances. In many ways they were travelling similar paths to create a new contemporary sound from traditional sources. Komitas may not have had the genius of Bartók, but as the First World War put an end to Bartók’s folksong collecting in Eastern Europe, the 1915 Armenian Genocide brought an end to Komitas’ work altogether.
Komitas’ Seven Dances are particularly interesting because he notes the original instruments and the location where he heard them into the piano score. So ‘Yerangi of Yerevan’ says 'In the style of nay and tar', the nay referring to the reedy Armenian duduk while the tar is a plucked lute. The final ‘Shoror of Karin’ is played by pogh (flute), drums and dap (frame drum). These obviously give the pianist a useful clue to how they should sound, but Grigoryan has also benefitted from a 2015 ECM recording her husband, Levon Eskenian, made with the Gurdjieff Ensemble arranging the music for Armenian folk instruments.
So the opening ‘Manushaki of Vagharshapat’ is performed by the filigree notes of a delicately strummed tar, followed by the more legato bowing of kamancha fiddle, over soft drum beats and the drone bass of a santur (hammer dulcimer). Of course these recordings were a fantastic aid for Lusine Grigoryan to make her interpretations as authentic as possible.
On paper, perhaps the most curious of the dances is ‘Yerangi of Yerevan’. On the piano, the left and right hands have the same music - a 12/8 melody and accompaniment in both hands two octaves apart. In the folk recording Levon Eskenian gives the legato melody to the plangent, reedy duduk, the most iconic of Armenian instruments with a tar adding harmonic and rhythmic punctuations. In the piano version Grigoryan isolates the melody and accompaniment expertly while the melodic line two octaves apart evokes the sonorous depth of the duduk sound.
The last of the Seven Dances is ‘Shoror of Karin’, one of the longer pieces lasting around five minutes. A shoror is a swaying dance which Komitas describes as ‘noble and heroic’ in character. The melody is modal and the pulse shifts between two and three beat patterns. It starts slow and quiet, but the ensemble builds in size as the pace increases. This and the longer Msho Shoror, a sequence of seven dances depicting a pilgrimage to the Monastery of St John the Baptist in Mush, are like windows onto a vanished world of the Armenian communities of Anatolia.
The Armenian population in Anatolia has vanished and apart from a few ruined churches and stones, it’s pieces like this that provide windows onto the culture of that lost world - as well as being curious and beautiful pieces in their own right.
Lusine Grigoryan’s Komitas: Seven Songs and The Gurdjieff Ensemble’s Komitas are both released on ECM.
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This article is about the year 1588.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1588 .
August 6: Battle of Gravelines.
1588 ( MDLXXXVIII ) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar , the 1588th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 588th year of the 2nd millennium , the 88th year of the 16th century , and the 9th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1588, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
February – The Sinhalese abandon the siege of Colombo, capital of Portuguese Ceylon.
February 9 – The sudden death of Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, in the midst of preparations for the Spanish Armada, forces King Philip II of Spain to re-allocate the command of the fleet.
April 14 (April 4 Old Style) – Christian IV becomes king of Denmark–Norway, upon the death of his father, Frederick II.
May 12 – Day of the Barricades in Paris: Henry I, Duke of Guise seizes the city, forcing King Henry III to flee.
May 28 – The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, begins to set sail from the Tagus estuary, heading for the English Channel (it will take until May 30 for all of the ships to leave port).
February is the second and shortest month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendar with 28 days in common years and 29 days in leap years, with the quadrennial 29th day being called the leap day. It is the first of five months to have a length of fewer than 31 days, and the only month to have a length of fewer than 30 days, with the other seven months having 31 days. In 2019, February has 28 days.
July – King Henry III of France capitulates to the Duke of Guise, and returns to Paris.
July 31 – The first engagement between the English and Spanish fleets (off of Plymouth) results in a victory for the English, under command of Lord Howard of Effingham and Sir Francis Drake.
August 2 – The English fleet defeats the Spanish fleet, off the Isle of Portland.
August 6 (July 29 Old Style) – Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is defeated by the English naval force off the coast of Gravelines, in the Spanish Netherlands (modern France).
August 7 – The English fleet defeats the Spanish fleet off the coast of Flanders.
August 8 – 9 – The Spanish are unable to reach the coast of Flanders, to meet up with the army of the Duke of Parma. The Duke of Medina Sidonia decides to return to Spain.
August 12 – The fleeing Spanish fleet sails past the Firth of Forth, and the English call off their pursuit. Much of the Spanish fleet is destroyed by storms, as it sails for home around Scotland and Ireland.
October 7 – The first biography of Nicolaus Copernicus (d.1543) is completed by Bernardino Baldi.
December 5 – The Order of Augustinian Recollects is formally recognised as a separate province from the Order of Saint Augustine, an event later known as the Día de la Recolección or Day of Recollection.
December 23 – Henry III of France strikes his ultra-Catholic enemies, having the Duke of Guise and his brother, Louis II, Cardinal of Guise, killed, and holding the Cardinal de Bourbon a prisoner. As a result, large parts of France reject Henry III as their king, forcing him to side with Henry of Navarre.
July 31 is the 212th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 153 days remaining until the end of the year.
The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I of England is created, to celebrate the English defeat of the Spanish Armada, and to assert the strength of Elizabeth herself.
William Morgan was Bishop of Llandaff and of St Asaph, and the translator of the first version of the whole Bible into Welsh from Greek and Hebrew.
The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek. As of October 2017 the full Bible has been translated into 670 languages, the New Testament has been translated into 1,521 languages and Bible portions or stories into 1,121 other languages. Thus at least some portion of the Bible has been translated into 3,312 languages.
The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I of England is the name of any of three surviving versions of an allegorical panel painting depicting the Tudor queen surrounded by symbols of imperial majesty against a backdrop representing the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Arnold Vinnius was one of the leading jurists of the 17th century in the Netherlands.
Wolrad IV, Count of Waldeck was a count of Waldeck and founder of the new line of Waldeck-Eisenberg.
June 10 – Valentin Weigel, German theologian (b. 1533).
1625 (MDCXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1625th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 625th year of the 2nd millennium, the 25th year of the 17th century, and the 6th year of the 1620s decade. As of the start of 1625, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Year 1579 (MDLXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, and a common year starting on Monday of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar.
↑ "William Morgan - Welsh bishop". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
↑ Watkins, Basil (2015). The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 197. ISBN 9780567664143.
↑ "Incarnation Lineage: Dalai Lama Main Page". www.himalayanart.org. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
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It is important to look after your home, as it looks after you. These are a few of the key things you can do to your home to ensure it is well maintained, inside and out.
1. Chimney – ensure chimney pots are secure and repair any broken joints or cracks. Make sure metal flashing is secure to prevent further damage to the chimney and roof. Also, keep fireplaces clear to ensure they are properly ventilated and clear of obstructions.
2. Roof – replace cracked, slipped, rotting, missing, or loose tiles and flashing. Look out for sagging, moss and algae or sitting water, as these can indicate serious damage and that you could need a new roof.
3. Gutters – check that guttering is securely attached to the property. Ensure it is not leaking and that soffits and fascias are secure and free from rot and cracks.
4. Window & Door Joints – replace any broken window joints and lubricate hinges. Keep joints between windows and doors protected from water with a sealant. Also, be sure to check for condensation in double glazed windows as this indicates that the glazing is defective.
5. Walls – maintain mortar joints in brick walls and fill in any cracks to reduce damp and prevent increased damage. Repaint and redecorate walls and exterior paintwork, timber and cladding, and cut back creepers as they can deteriorate the wall and joints.
6. Damp-Proof Course – you should maintain ground levels to at least 150mm below the level of the damp-proof course.
7. Driveways – check uneven and worn path and driveway surfaces and repair where necessary to prevent damage or injury.
8. Drainage – periodically lift manhole covers and clean out your drains to keep them well-maintained. You should also keep trees and shrubs away from outside walls as roots can break pipes and prevent sufficient drainage.
9. Roof Interior – check your roof interior for rot, decay, leaks, damp patches, insulation, sagging, and water damage, as these are all signs that you could need to replace your roof. Also be sure to check for wood boring beetle and rodent infestations as they will need to be exterminated.
10. Ceiling – sagging and cracked ceilings indicate damage so should be repaired immediately. What’s more, damp patches are signs of water damage and also needs tending to to prevent harm caused by damp.
11. Floors – be wary of uneven floors, distorted floorboards, cracks, and damp floors, as they can all indicate a poor house structure and need to be rectified as soon as possible.
12. Plumbing – repair damaged or leaking plumbing including leaking taps and clean out plumbing traps regularly. Insulate water tanks and pipes to reduce temperature loss, and ensure their valves operate adequately.
13. Heating – check that central heating, radiators, pipework and tanks are working sufficiently and properly service them regularly to ensure optimum performance.
14. Electricity – never make alterations to your electricity without qualified advice as amateur repairs can be dangerous. Your wiring should be checked by a professional if it is over ten years old and has not been inspected for more than 5 years, if fuses blow, you receive a shock from a socket, you see hot or discoloured fittings, or your cables are not secure.
15. Gas Appliances – your gas appliances should be regularly checked, as if they have not been properly installed or maintained, they may emit harmful carbon monoxide. To prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, keep gas appliances ventilated and chimneys and air vents unobstructed. You can also install a carbon monoxide detector marked BS 7860 which will warn of any carbon monoxide present.
Regularly carry out these 15 tips to keep your home well maintained. Maintain your chimney, roof, guttering, joints, walls, damp-proof course, driveways, draining, ceiling, floor, plumbing, heating, electricity and appliances to keep your home in tip top condition and prevent further, more costly, damages. You can find further information about property maintenance here, or get in touch today for more advice on your home.
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Workplace pension or personal pension?
A question asked a lot is “Should I contribute to a workplace pension or a personal pension?”.
In short, workplace pensions have some beneficial aspects over personal pensions, however, you may not benefit from individual advice to ensure that you achieve your personal goals. If you are self-employed then you will not have any workplace pension and so starting a personal pension plan is critical. The new workplace pension legislation coming into effect means that the charges will be low, with a proposed cap on charges of 0.75% to 1% per annum of the fund value. For example, if your growth achieved on your plan is 7% per annum then the net return after charges is 6% to 6.25%.
Furthermore, the cost of establishing and administering the plan is placed on the employer rather than you as an individual. However, the employer is not required to provide an annual review service and so you may not know if you are taking the appropriate investment risk and whether you are on track to achieving your retirement goals.
Finally, if you contribute to your workplace pension then your employer will also have to contribute a minimum amount of 3% per annum of your basic salary or 3% total earnings per annum by 2018 and so you benefit from an additional funding boost.
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Bring a healthy diet and exercise are indispensable to lose weight.
It is therefore important to include in the diet one variety of fruits, beneficial to the body, provide essential vitamins and antioxidants, contain a lot of water, which will help satisfy your stomach, reducing the need to eat foods high in calories.
Let’s know which is the best fruits that help you lose weight.
It is a high volume food having a lot of water and fiber and low calories, respectively. It helps curb appetite and increase satiety. 1 cup of watermelon provides 12 mg of vitamin C, 20% of the daily value.
Suitable for lemon diet for ten days, which helps eliminate toxins and harmful bacteria from your body and help you lose weight, detoxify and heal certain diseases. It provides protein, carbohydrates and fiber and potassium, folic acid, vitamin C and vitamin A.
The apple is a suitable fruit for detox diets and weight loss. It should be noted that the cellulose fiber of an apple is responsible for removing toxins and metals from the body, causing depression, aging and memory loss. Apple provides vitamins such as biotin, folic acid, beta-carotene and vitamin C, which help maintain a healthy digestive system and cause the cells to function properly.
The kiwi fruit is an ideal food to help you lose weight as part of a reduced calorie diet food, making it an ideal substitute for higher-calorie foods. It provides few calories, and a good amount of dietary fiber, which can help contribute to weight loss and maintain stable levels of blood sugar. It provides nearly twice the vitamin C than an orange and vitamins B.
Although the pineapple does not burn fat directly, it helps the body burn fat efficiently. It is rich in vitamin C and low in calories and although vitamin C does not result in fat reduction in the short term might be effective in reducing centimeters longer periods.
Raw pineapple helps maintain weight, containing over 80% water, provides satiety and promotes a healthy digestive system and fat metabolism. It contains vitamin A and B, as well as minerals such as potassium, magnesium, iron, copper and manganese.
With them you can strawberry diet and are a natural source of folic acid, vitamin C, K, B5 and B6; as well as potassium, magnesium, calcium and copper. The strawberry diet helps lose weight once the toxins are cleared from the body through the digestive tract, also improve digestion and immune system, providing a sense of rejuvenation.
Please read this article that will help you to get a smaller waist: How to get a smaller waist.
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Fish Casserole Serves approximately 8 people.
How to make Fish Casserole?
1. Cut fish into small steaks, season each piece and place in a casserole.
2. Put in pre-heated oven, with lid off, for about 10-12 minutes.
3. Remove casserole from oven and drain off any water.
4. Arrange onions, tomatoes and macaroni over fish. (This can be done by putting a layer of each at a time).
5. Pour white sauce over the fish and sprinkle grated cheese.
6. Cover with lid and place in oven for about 20-25 minutes.
7. Serve with fresh parsley and boiled potatoes.
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Where do people get off telling me to have a nice day? Do they think I'm incapable of having a nice day without their permission? Actually, the whole thing smacks of extortion; have a nice day since I told you, but if you don't behave, I won't tell you anymore. Just what are these people trying to pull? I might have a very nice day without once hearing that I should, and now with these people all I can do is wonder whether or not my nice day was legitimate or whether I was simply living in a fantasy world.
Besides, what is it that makes a day nice anyway? Certainly not the weather, since I could care less about the weather. Perhaps more prosaic people might believe that it has less to do with exterior circumstances and more to do with inner feelings. That's a load of garbage, since they have no business prying into my inner feelings. Sure, my feelings may be easy to read for some, but that shouldn't make them common knowledge.
It often doesn't even occur to people that my feelings are for me alone. They want me to share them, like that's possible. How can I share my feelings when I'm not even metaphysically sure I have them in the first place? Logically, there are no feelings to share, from their point of view, because if I can't be sure they exist, people other than me really are out on a limb as far as my inner life is concerned.
It might be more interesting for them to ask me to share their feelings, but really, who wants to share other people's quite-possibly-suspect-reality-wise feelings anyway? Most people have feelings that anyone with half a brain could have, and they get along just fine, which is good since if we didn't get along just fine with our feelings we'd be in even more bizarre hot water, psychologically speaking. I know my brain and I get along really well, unless we argue, and then we usually make up quickly afterwards, so I'm not worried. You might want to be though, since I bet your brain is just dying for attention and will start to employ attention-getting behaviors any time now.
Can we really pay attention to our brains anyway? Realistically, our brains are what we pay attention with. It's like trying to haul water in a pail made of water; it's all water, so the pail doesn't really enter into it. I guess it's less like that than one might like to believe, but at the same time, it's more like that then I'm prepared to admit. If water can't hold water, then how can our brains conceive of themselves? It's like talking to our mouths, or seeing our eyes. Reflections, that's all.
It makes one wonder just what constitutes reality and what reflects it. Am I a reflection of myself, or is my reflection reality? If that doesn't blow your mind, then maybe you need to take it out to dinner and buy it the lobster. Sea-going cockroaches are the perfect way to say, "I'm sorry for trying to blow you, dear." I'm sure that most of you in the audience never thought you'd have to say that to yourselves, now did you?
In conclusion, ladies and gentlemen, get the British out of Kenya. If that's not a stirring battle-cry behind which we can all march, I don't know what is. I don't know what many things are, but I'm not letting that stop me from having a nice day. Nor should you, unless you happen to be British. Or an historian. Or a reflection.
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Lowered average annual grievances from 50 to zero while successfully defeating attempts at unionization.
If I am looking to fill an IT, sales or HR position I don’t want to read about how great the candidate thinks he is, I want to read about what he has actually done. See the difference? In the quoted paragraph the person is focused on himself, while in the bullet points the candidates are focused on the employers and their needs.
What I am referring to here is the amount of time candidates spend on the three key components of the job application process (ignoring networking and research which are unique to the candidate): cover letters, resumes and interviews.
Candidates will spend days writing, tweaking and fine tuning their cover letters. Employers spend no more than 10 seconds reading a cover letter, if they read them at all.
Candidates will spends days and weeks writing, tweaking and fine tuning their resumes. Employers spend about five seconds reading resumes. If they don’t catch their eye, excite them, get their attention, employers move on to the next resume.
The candidate spends 20 minutes meeting with the HR director. Next, she’s with the hiring manager for 45 minutes. That’s followed by a half hour with, for sake of argument, three team members. Finally there’s a 15 minute meeting with the owner/CEO/what-have-you.
This works out to 20 minutes + 45 minutes + (3 x 30 minutes) + 15 minutes, for a total of three hours and 20 minutes face time with the candidate. Then everyone gets together for a good ten minutes to discuss the candidate. That’s an addition hour. And the process repeats itself for each candidate. So let’s say that the employer is willing to devote four hours per candidate and there are three candidates being considered. And then there’s the time devoted to negotiations. For sake of argument, to hire someone, not including resume review time and an initial phone conversation, the employer is willing to devote two full days of staff time. And the candidate? She’s devoted one full hour!
What this all comes down to is that your priorities should be the employer’s priorities. The employer does not care about you; she cares about herself. What can you do for me? is the question that the employer wants answered immediately in both the cover letter and resume. If you are able to get the answer to that question across to the employer in seconds, you should get the interview. And since the employer is willing to spend hours on the interview process, you should do the same.
Remember, it’s all about the employer, not you!
Here’s the thing. As a good job seeker you sit down and work very hard on your collaterals – your marketing materials. Specifically, your cover letter and resume. Some of you may even have paid someone to prepare them for you, albeit under your supervision. They are important documents – the equivalent of the company brochure or website. They have to be perfect.
The average resume recipient will spend no more than 10 seconds on a cover letter, if any at all (I know recruiters and some HR managers who don’t even read them unless the job requires writing skills!), and even less time on the resume. That’s why the cover letter has to be no more than an “elevator pitch” and the resume needs to begin with the equivalent of a Superbowl commercial – grabbing the reader’s attention and making them want more.
The job seeker will spend minutes, maybe a few hours, doing research on the company and – if she is smart – on the people who will be interviewing her. The employer will spend the same amount of time researching the job seeker, or perhaps less, depending on the position. The employer, like the job seeker, will Google the candidate (as the job seeker Googles the employer) to find out all they can about her. However, and here’s the funny part, the employer will spend hours on the interview while the job seeker usually only spends a few minutes – normally on the way to the interview.
What happens, from the employer’s perspective, regarding interviews? First, the candidate meets with someone from HR, usually for a good 20 minutes to half an hour. Then the candidate may meet with a director for 45 minutes to an hour and then a quarter to half an hour with an executive. That could be the first phase but, for sake of argument, that’s all there is to it. So the employer had staff meet with the candidate for a total of about an hour and half to two hours. Then, all the interviewers get together to discuss the candidates. That takes another hour. But let’s be minimalists. Let’s agree that an employer spends a good two hours interviewing, including the debrief. That’s a lot of time. It’s a large investment.
What does the job candidate do? On the way to the interview she does a mock interview in her head, answering questions that she thinks she is going to be asked. What are your strengths? What are your weaknesses? Why do you want to work here? Why did you leave your previous jobs? What salary are you looking for? Basic answers to basic questions. Just like everybody else!
In 2012 you will devote more time to preparing for an interview than writing the cover letter and resume. You’ll research the employer digging as deep as possible. You’ll research the interviewer(s). You’ll not only prepare answers to the standard questions, you’ll prepare a list of questions that, when you ask them, will show the employer that you understand the importance of due diligence.
You see, the purpose of the cover letter is to get the recipient to read the resume, and the purpose of the resume is get an interview. But it is the interview that leads to the offer and that’s your goal: to get the job offer. So you are going to write a good cover letter and a great resume, but you’re going to spend most of your time preparing for the interview. Why? Because that’s what the employer is going to do! Put differently, what’s most important to the employer should be what’s most important to you.
Nothing new here: differentiation is the key to getting a job. No matter who you are you will have scores, perhaps hundreds, of competitors. You have to differentiate yourself. As I have written elsewhere, you have to grab the attention of the recipient who is tired of reading boring misleading cover letters and resumes.
It’s relatively simple to do. Focus on actual accomplishments and not on self-praise. Don’t tell a hiring manager how great you are; tell them what you have actually done that speaks to the position for which you are applying.
Great! You’ve done it! How do I know? You’ve gotten the interview. Job Search 101: The purpose of the cover letter is to get the recipient to read the resume. The purpose of the resume is to get an interview. The purpose of the interview is to get the job offer.
Well, you got them to read the cover letter, and then the resume, and then they called and you are preparing for the interview. And you are doing your due diligence. Just like the three or four other candidates being considered (you beat the scores or hundreds of competitors because their cover letters were tomes and their resumes started with self-praise, both of which turned the reader off) you have memorized the company’s website. But you did more. You Googled the company. You found old press releases or interviews given to the press by the company’s leaders. And when your time came in the interview to ask questions, you asked questions about the information that you dug up on the company. Without telling them that you are a great researcher, you showed them! And they were impressed!
What’s the one piece of information that you have about the company that the company provided you with and which is key to a successful interview? The names of the people who will be interviewing you. And what did you do with that information? You wrote it down on a piece of paper and entered it into your calendar just like the competition. Big deal!
Some things are obvious. On my radio show, I interviewed Asia Bird who is an expert on LinkedIn. Her key point, what she says is the biggest mistake people on LinkedIn make, is that they do not accept any and all invitations. My reaction, at the time, but not on air, was, “Duh!” Well of course you have to accept all invitations. You can’t build a network if you are not accepting invitations. Everyone knows that!
Well, duh! I was wrong. Asia was right. I have actually been to a number of events recently when LinkedIn came up. The question is always, How many first degree contacts do you have? If I am standing in a group, I always win since, by the end of the year, I’ll have 28,000. Then they want to know how I did it. More times than not, a few people will say, “Gee. I guess I should be accepting invitations.” Ya, think?
Research the people with whom you will be meeting. People hire people they like. If two candidates are equally qualified for a position, employers will hire the individual they like the most. The person who gets hired is ALWAYS the candidate the employer thinks they will get along with. It all comes down to making a personal connection with the individual.
A career counseling client of mine told me that he had discovered that the owner of the company where he was interviewing had played Lacrosse in college. So had my client. He used a Lacrosse term in his conversation with the owner – don’t ask me what it was! – and that seemed to close the deal.
Sometimes it’s just as simple as that.
Believe me. I understand the frustration. You have been unemployed for a considerable period of time. You are having trouble making ends meet. You are trying your best. You know that the vast majority – over 70%! – of job openings are not publicized but are filled through networking. And you network. Boy do you network! And you have scores, hundreds, thousands of business cards to prove it.
Let me give you a recent personal example. I joined the Manhattan Chamber of Commerce. It’s a great organization. They are focused on their members, not on dues. In counter distinction to a different organization of which I had been a member, instead of receiving a plaque when I joined, the MCC sent me an invitation to a new members’ Breakfast. At the Breakfast I met one of the directors. We had a nice chat and she put me in touch with a board member who is responsible for the Chamber’s “Ambassador” program. Ambassadors meet and greet participants at Chamber events and recruit new members. I met with the board member and he appointed me an Ambassador, after a good hour long interview during which he got to know me.
From that conversation, we developed a rapport which led to an ongoing discussion about a joint project.
Also at the Breakfast I met two Ambassadors who are members of the Chamber’s Business Referral Groups. They invited me to attend the next meeting of their respective Groups, of which there are presently two, and I chose to join one of them.
Following my first Group meeting, I met with one of the Ambassadors who indicated to me that she was looking to hire staff. She is a veteran and since my company’s mission is to promote the hiring of veterans, she said she would utilize my services and asked for a contract.
At a subsequent Group meeting one of the members noted that he too is looking to hire someone for his company. We’ll be talking after the New Year.
You go to an event. You meet Joe. You exchange business cards. You send Joe an e-mail saying how much you enjoyed meeting him and look forward to being in touch. Joe is busy and does not respond. A couple of days later you pick up the phone, call Joe, and invite him for a cup of coffee. You tell him that you would like to learn more about his business. You don’t tell him that you really want to meet with him so that he can help you get a job – or, better yet, hire you. If you tell him that, he might say, “Listen. I wish I could help. But I really don’t know of anything or have anything for you. Send me your resume and I’ll let you know if I hear of anything.” In other words, “Don’t call me, I’ll call you.” People like to talk about themselves so he agrees to the meeting.
What you are doing is creating a real relationship. If Joe’s a good guy, he will ask you about yourself. (If he doesn’t ask, then he probably is not someone who will be of any help to you so you would be wasting your time pursuing a relationship with him.) You give your elevator pitch and answer any questions he has. You must be upbeat and positive. No matter how you lost your job you cannot reveal any bitterness. No one is going to recommend a bitter person who they just met to a business associate or a friend.
What you have just done is to show that you believe in helping people. Some call it “giving forward.” You are telling him that you want to be an asset to him. And you are showing him that you know how to network. You are willing to help him, and through him, others.
He’ll probably answer in the affirmative and tell you to send the list because, by showing that you have a positive attitude and no bitterness, and by offering to help him, you’ve shone yourself to be a professional. Joe does not have to worry that you will embarrass him so he should be willing to help.
You have now formed a relationship and successfully networked with him. Congratulations!
If he gives you some leads, or even makes a call on your behalf, whatever you do, follow-up. If he tells you to call Mary, call Mary. If you meet with Mary and she asks you to send her some information, send it immediately. (If you don’t follow-up, I guarantee it will get back to Joe and he won’t have anything more to do with you because you embarrassed him. It’s as simple as that.) If you get a call from Joe telling you to call his friend Sam immediately, and when you hang up on Joe your wife goes into labor, call Sam and then take the wife to the hospital. And when your child is born, name him Joseph or her Josephine. Now THAT’S networking.
Don’t use a recruiter. True, a recruiter will do 90% of the work for you, hold your hand for the remaining 10%, and give you a guarantee. But in making your first hire, learning under fire is a rite of passage.
First, define the need. Why do you want to hire someone? If it’s for convenience, forget about it. If it’s a necessity, go for it. Also, decide if you are hiring based on potential (someone with a good academic record and some work history) or actual experience.
Second, determine the cost. What will you pay in salary, commission, bonus, benefits, and don’t forget the cost of office space. Figure out what one year will run you and if you have 150% of the money, proceed. If the position is administrative, if the person will not be responsible for a revenue stream, you need enough money on-hand to pay them for at least a year. If the position is supposed to be a revenue producer, recognize that it may take weeks or months before they start producing, but you will still have to pay them.
Third, prepare a job description. It should include a brief history of your company, the job title, a list of responsibilities, a list of qualifications, and information on submitting a candidacy.
Fourth, have your process in place. The way you handle hiring says a lot about your company. I have one client, an excellent organization, that has been sitting on resumes for over four months. They interviewed five of the six candidates I submitted to them and expressed interest in all of them. Now that they are ready to make a final decision, all but two have withdrawn and the organization’s reputation has been tarnished. Don’t start the process until you are ready to hire.
Fifth, post the job description on your web site. Let your network (including LinkedIn) know that you are looking to hire. If you do not get any responses after two weeks, take out an ad listing the title, qualifications and submission information: your name and e-mail address. Request a cover letter, resume and salary information.
Sixth, read the cover letter. If the person does not know how to write a business letter, forget about them. And if they don’t tell you their salary, they are “game players.” A good professional knows to answer, “I am presently earning X.” They will realize that you will realize that if they are employed you will have to beat X, unemployed, there will be room for negotiations.
Seven, if the cover letter is well-written, take a look at the resume. First check that they meet your minimum requirements. If they don’t have the education, years’ of experience, industrial knowledge, etc., or if they can’t keep a job for more than a year or two, move on. If all is well, call them (you want to hear their phone skills) and set up an interview.
Eight, during the interview, confirm that they actually meet your minimum requirements. Delve deeper. Ask them about themselves. You have to actually like the person you’re hiring. Ask them to tell you about their successes and failures, and why they want to work for you. What they say is not as important as how they say it. Don’t bother with the “What are your weaknesses and strengths?” questions. They are meaningless. That’s why you check references.
Get a second opinion. Even though you have no staff, you are not alone. Ask your lawyer, accountant or even a major client to meet with them. Don’t waste your money on aptitude tests. They’re nonsense and reflect poorly on you as a decision maker.
Ninth, check references, preferably former supervisors. Ask them about reliability, strengths, weaknesses, contributions to the company and verify any statements made by the candidate.
Tenth, make the offer. Put everything in writing. Have the contract reviewed by your attorney. Don’t forget a three-month probationary period.
And in the end you will have gained the experience to supervise the recruiter you’ll hire for your next search!
I repeat, the length of a resume does NOT matter. I write this because I am tired of reading blog postings on the subject and receiving resumes from candidates who have been told that it is a capital offense for a resume to be longer than one or two pages. Style over substance? Unbelievable!
Young woman. Five years work experience. One-page resume. I called her up. The conversation went something like this. “Thanks for sending me your resume.” “You’re welcome.” “Who was it that told you that a resume should only be one-page long?” “My friend.” “Get a new friend.” “Why and how did you know?” “You sent me a resume with quarter inch margins, written in 6-point font. I can’t print it because the margins are too narrow; my printer requires at least half inch margins. And the print is too small for me to read. It’s a PDF file so I can’t make the changes myself. Send me a proper resume, one-inch margins, 12-point font. And, how do I know? Because it’s my job to know.” She sent me an excellent three-page resume!
People don’t read. It’s a good thing nobody told J.K. Rowling! People read. HR professionals read. Hiring managers read. Business owners read. Children read – even if it’s not homework. We love to read. But it has to be quality.
Resume recipients are tired. Absolutely! For every job opening they can receive hundreds of applications, meaning resumes. And they are boring. They are awful. They are one, two or three pages in length – and sometimes more. And they are absolutely what you, as a candidate, hope for. The resume recipient spends five to ten seconds, I repeat, SECONDS, glancing at those tributes to irrelevancy and then, like an oasis in the desert, your resume appears. Have you thanked professional resume writers for setting the bar so low?
I was looking to fill a position and must have received fifty unsolicited resumes. (That’s when I decided to stop listing active searches on my website!) They all began the same way, with a dishonest “Objective,” “I wish to utilize my education and work experience to …” Please! An honest “Objective” would read: “To get the job for which I am applying.” Now THAT’S a candidate I would want to meet!
Next came the “Executive Summary” consisting of self-praise without any hard facts. It would make any mother proud to learn that her child had become a “consummate professional,” “trust worthy,” a “team player,” someone who “exceeds expectations.” But it means nothing to me. I don’t care what a candidate thinks of herself; I care what she has actually done.
Then, as my eyes start to tear from staring at the computer reading dribble, it appears. Your resume! The five-page resume of my dreams. And I click “print.” Why? Because, you understand me. You know I’m tired and bored and just want the facts. You make my job easy. You know that your job search is about me, not you. You have to meet my needs; I don’t have to meet yours. You’re incidental to the process. I’m a recruiter. I have to make my client happy. If you want to make me happy, let me make my client happy. And what makes my client happy? A candidate who gets to the point and does not waste time.
It all comes down to differentiation. And you’re lucky. Be grateful for the resume writers who insist on keeping resumes to a page. Someone else is paying them to make you look good!
So how do you look good? Get rid of the Objective and Summary statements. They’re nonsense. Start with a heading, “Selected Accomplishments,” followed by four to six bullet points that highlight objective, verifiable achievements that you have had that speak to the position for which you are applying. The tired, bored resume recipient will, in five seconds, know what you have to offer. Then they will check to see if you meet the minimum qualifications for the job (years experience, education, certifications) and whether or not you are a “jumper” or keep your jobs for a good length of time. If you pass that test, you can expect your phone to ring.
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0.997934 |
Curious about technical (tec) diving, but not sure about jumping into a course? PADI Discover Tec is a short confined water experience that allows you to give technical diving a try.
You get to wear all the extra tec diving gear and take it for a test dive. Your PADI Tec Instructor may introduce a few basic skills, such as primary to secondary regulator switch and gas shutdown procedures.
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0.997609 |
Three Italian restaurants created a hostile work environment for Hispanic employees because of their national origin, demanding that they only speak English, and fired one employee in retaliation for his complaint, according to a lawsuit by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). According to the discrimination lawsuit, the owner of Antonella's Restaurant and Pizzeria, Inc., and Grand Centro located in Fishkill and Wappingers Falls, N.Y., on an almost daily basis, subjected Hispanic workers to slurs because of their national origin, such as "f***" Spanish, Mexicans, Hispanics or landscapers. Additionally, the co-owner demanded that Hispanic employees speak only English in the workplace, and to illustrate his point, he took out a dollar bill from his wallet, held it, and told the Hispanic workers, "This is America, you must speak English." The lawsuit also claims that Hispanic workers were treated less favorably regarding leave and sick days. Finally, a Hispanic worker was fired for pretextual reasons the day after he complained about this mistreatment. The alleged conduct violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits national origin discrimination and retaliation for the exercise of rights guaranteed the discrimination under the laws. EEOC attorneys filed the lawsuit (EEOC v. Antonella's Restaurant and Pizzeria, Inc., et al, Case No. 15-cv-07666) in United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. "When one of the owners regularly denigrates workers because of their national origin, it creates an environment that violates federal law as well as common decency," said Kevin Berry, District Director of the EEOC. According to the EEOC, since the harasser was an owner, the workers felt that they had no recourse but to endure the ill-treatment. Workers need to know they do not have to be subjected to slurs based on their national origin in order to keep their jobs.
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0.971616 |
Who is at risk from meningitis and septicaemia?
Certain age groups are at increased risk of catching meningitis and septicaemia. Young children are particularly at risk because they have less developed immune systems than older age groups.
Vaccines allow young children to safely recognise harmful bacteria and provide vital protection for this vulnerable age group.
Newborn babies are at the highest risk of all age groups. In the UK, babies under the age of 3 months are 70 times more likely to get bacterial meningitis than adults.
Meningitis vaccines are routinely given to babies from 2 months of age in the UK and Ireland. However, babies are also particularly susceptible to meningitis caused by bacteria for which there are no vaccines currently available so it is important to know the symptoms.
Toddlers are the next highest risk age group for bacterial meningitis.
Teenagers and young adults are at increased risk of meningitis and septicaemia caused by meningococcal bacteria.
Meningococcal bacteria can live harmlessly in the back of the nose and throat of people of all ages, but teenagers and young adults are much more likely to harbour these bacteria than other age groups, which increases their risk of disease.
Teenagers in the UK are routinely immunised against four types of meningococcal bacteria.
Adults over the age of 65 are also at an increased risk of certain types of meningitis.
Some countries recommend immunisations to protect his age group. For example, over 65s in the UK are routinely offered free [pneumococcal vaccination[CW3]]. Other countries such as the US also recommend a pneumococcal vaccine for this age group.
Where you live in the world influences your risk of getting meningitis. Additionally, environmental factors such as smoke exposure can increase risk.
Travel abroad may increase your risk of encountering meningitis causing bacteria. An up-to-date list of countries with potential risk can be obtained from www.nathnac.org.
The risk of catching meningitis is the highest in the world in an area of Sub-Saharan Africa known as the meningitis belt. This area stretches from Senegal to Ethiopia and is prone to large outbreaks of disease (known as epidemics) as a result of warm and dusty winter winds which can damage mucous membranes in the lungs and throat, making it easier for meningitis causing bacteria to invade the body.
Large epidemics of meningitis and septicaemia caused by meningococcal bacteria disease have been linked to the Hajj pilgrimage. As a result, vaccination with MenACWY has been a compulsory entry requirement into Saudi Arabia for pilgrims since 2002.
Meningitis and septicaemia caused by meningococcal bacteria or Hib bacteria are considered infectious, although the vast majority of cases are isolated.
When there is a case of meningococcal or Hib meningitis and septicaemia certain people who have been in close contact with a case may need to take antibiotics or be vaccinated.
If you have been in contact with someone with meningococcal meningitis or septicaemia and are worried about becoming ill or passing the infection to others, download our 'Am I at Risk?' leaflet for more information.
Robbie Jones contracted meningococcal disease at 21 months resulting in his left leg being amputated below the knee, the right leg above the knee and the loss of fingers on his left hand.
Here Robbie and his mum, Jill, talk about when Robbie was in hospital, dealing with the after effects, walking mum up the aisle and a choice of colours for your new legs.
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0.999488 |
Develop and implement marketing and editorial content for global e-commerce platform.
Following the successful launch of UNIQLO.com in the US, the brand asked us to develop a global e-commerce platform that would be implemented in every region where the Japanese retailer had a presence. Working closely with product marketing managers and brand creative directors in Japan, I helped develop and execute a content strategy that worked modularly, so messaging could be easily swapped out from region to region, and integrated marketing, product details, and editorial content in an intuitive way. In collaboration with Razorfish.
Through a modular approach to marketing content for top product categories we could tell a full story through image and copy, while allowing each region to customize messaging for its audience. I met regularly with product marketing managers in Japan to identify key messages and develop a voice and visual approach for the units. Based on our initial efforts, I created detailed style guidelines to ensure that the content would be consistent and high quality from season to season, region to region.
In addition to marketing content, UNIQLO asked us to develop editorial content that would help bring to life its central brand tenet of "improving life through clothing." I led the team in concepting the first set of stories and developing a visually driven approach that integrated e-commerce in a subtle but effective way.
While often mistaken as another "fast fashion" retailer, UNIQLO prides itself in high-quality, technologically innovative clothing that's produced in a socially responsible manner. To help it tell this story in a compelling way, I led the creation of a series of stories, which brought its manufacturing process to life through a tumblr-like experience combining copy, animated gifs, and video. Like all the content we developed for the site, the format and voice was designed to be easily replicated for different products and audiences.
Last but not least, I oversaw the development of all product and functional copy – from the navigation to item descriptions and even error messaging. For a brand that is based on utility, it was important that the copy be as useful and clear as possible, while providing the sense of fun Japaneseness that is also central to the UNIQLO experience. I wrote extensive brand and voice guidelines to ensure ongoing consistency and quality.
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0.616742 |
"Escape to the Safest Place in the World"
Belize is in northeastern Central America. Mexico to the north and northwest, with the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the south and west. Belize, until 1973 was known as British Honduras, became independent in 1981 and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and is part of the "Tax Free Caribbean Zone". The total area of Belize is 8,867 sq mi. (About the size of Massachusetts).
The northern half of Belize consists of lowlands, large areas of which are swampy. The southern half is dominated by mountain ranges, notably the Maya Mountains, which rise to a maximum elevation of 3,675 ft atop Victoria Peak. Coral barrier reefs and numerous Caye (islets) fringe the Caribbean coastline. The principal streams are the Belize River; the Río Azul, which forms much of the boundary with Mexico; and the Sarstún River, which forms the southwestern boundary with Guatemala.
The climate of Belize is subtropical, moderated by sea breezes along the coast. The average annual temperature is about 79° F. The total annual rainfall increases from north to south and averages about 71 inches. A rainy season extends from May to February.
Some 86 percent of Belize is covered by forests. Deciduous trees are found in the north; tropical hardwood trees predominate in the south. Principal species include the commercially important mahogany, cedar, and rosewood, as well as pine, oak, and palms. Mangrove swamp vegetation is found along the coast. Wildlife includes jaguar, deer, tapir, and numerous species of birds and reptiles.
The majority of the population of Belize is of mixed racial descent. The largest group is of black or partly black ancestry. Other groups include Native Americans, principally Carib and Maya, located in the north and west; people of European descent, mainly English and Spanish; and people of mixed Native American-European descent.
The population is concentrated in a few principal urban centers, of which Belize City is the largest. Belize City in eastern Belize, at the mouth of the Belize River, on the Caribbean Sea, is the country's chief seaport. Timber, wood products, sugar, fish, citrus fruit, and bananas are exported here. Major industries are sawmilling, food processing, and fishing. Of note are Saint John's Anglican Cathedral and Government House (both early 19th century). Located in an area where the Maya peoples once flourished, Belize City was settled in the early 17th century by British adventurers. In 1884 it became the capital of British Honduras (renamed Belize in 1973).
Belmopan officially replaced the low-lying city, which is vulnerable to hurricanes, as the capital of Belize in 1972. Belmopan, on the Belize River, about 50 miles from the Gulf of Honduras (an arm of the Caribbean Sea), a newly constructed city, supplanted Belize City as the official capital in 1972. The protected inland site of the city, in an area where the Maya once flourished, was selected as the new capital of Belize after coastal Belize City was devastated by a hurricane in 1961. Construction began here in the mid-1960s, and Belmopan became the seat of government in 1970. It was officially inaugurated as the capital in 1972. Though English is the official language other languages spoken include Carib, Maya, Spanish, and a Creole dialect of English. More than half the people are Roman Catholic, and most of the remainder are Protestant.
Placencia has sixteen miles of natural sandy beach, a virgin mangrove-fringed lagoon, a wonderland of coral-studded cayes, nearby jungle rivers and pristine rainforest Garifuna, Creole and Mayan cultures and ancient Mayan ruins make Placencia the ideal location for a great gateway!
Ambergris Caye is the largest island in Belize. San Pedro is the only town on the island. Ambergris Caye has been the hub of Belizean area maritime trade for centuries. Fishing, coconuts, and chicle were historic means of islanders support, but the last thirty years have led to a large growth in both the Belize dive and scuba trade, and ecotourism. The rich variety of things to do in San Pedro Town makes Ambergris Caye the gateway to Belize.
San Ignacio, along with its neighbor Santa Elena, make up the second largest urban area in Belize. Far from Belize’s famous beach and island destinations, Situated between two rivers in a forest region, San Ignacio is also home to some excellent nature excursions in addition to the modest Mayan ruins of Cahal Pech nearby. There are kayak rentals, as well as bicycle rentals. The city itself is fairly compact, but the area is rich in scenery so a bicycle is an ideal way to see some of the outlying sections. Each Saturday the locals all come together for a popular food market featuring loads of tropical specialties native to the area. San Ignacio is near the border of Guatemala and a popular stopover for people traveling between Belize City and the Flores/Tikal ruins.
Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 14. Attendance at primary schools was near universal in 1996, but only 50 percent of secondary school-aged children were enrolled. Higher education is available at colleges in Belize City and Corozal. The literacy rate of 91 percent is one of the highest in Latin America.
The main economic resource is Belize's arable land, although only 3 percent of the total land area are under cultivation. Agricultural exports include sugar, citrus fruits, and bananas. Rice, beans, and corn are grown as subsistence crops.
Lumbering, formerly the chief economic activity has declined in importance. Major manufactures are processed food, wood products, and clothing. A road network of 1,707 miles links the major urban centers, but some areas remain inaccessible. An international airport serves Belize City.
In pre-Columbian times Belize was part of the territory of the Maya. It was included in the Viceroyalty of New Spain in the 1500s, and sometime later English woodcutters from Jamaica established a settlement on the Belize River. During the wars between England and Spain in the 1700s, Spain failed to dislodge the British from the area. In 1836, after the emancipation of Central America from Spanish rule, the British claimed the right to administer the region; it was declared a British colony, subordinate to Jamaica, in 1862 and an independent crown colony in 1884.
Belize is governed under a constitution that became effective at independence in 1981. The British sovereign is head of state and is represented by a governor-general, who has little power. A cabinet of ministers, led by a prime minister mainly exercises executive power. The bicameral National Assembly consists of a Senate of 8 appointed members and a House of Representatives of 29 members elected by universal suffrage to terms of up to five years. The prime minister must have the support of a majority of the members of the House. The leading political parties are the People's United Party (1950) and the United Democratic Party (1974).
The British initiated long-range constitutional reforms in 1954, resulting in a new constitution ten years later. Progress toward independence, however, was hampered by an old Guatemalan claim to sovereignty over the territory. When Belize finally attained full independence on September 21, 1981, Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation; about 1,500 British troops remained to protect Belize from the Guatemalan threat. Manuel Esquivel replaced Prime Minister George Price of the United Party, who had led the country to independence, when Belize held its first national elections, on December 14, 1984.
Price returned to power after the elections of September 1989. In May 1993 the United Kingdom announced that it would end its military involvement in Belize. All British troops would evacuate the country by October 1994. Esquivel regained the prime ministership in June 1993 elections. In July Esquivel announced the suspension of a pact reached with Guatemala during Price's prime ministership, claiming Price had made too many concessions in order to gain Guatemalan recognition. The pact would have resolved a 130-year-old border dispute between the two countries.
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0.999966 |
Which do you prefer anime or manga?
Although I do like to watch anime, especially for the fight scenes which sometimes can be hard to make out in the mangas.
For me, manga is way way way better than anime..
If given a choice for a series between anime and manga, I will go with manga. The reason is that when you base an anime off something else, you end up having to adapt the storyline to a season based schedule, which ends up restricting the original story to blocks of a given length.
The exceptions to this are if the story of an anime was originally created with this schedule in mind, then the end product will generally be very good. Also possible is the episodic anime which consist of many little arcs rather than one large arc. These types of anime I find less restricted by the season schedules.
Manga (and light novels) are published without any such restrictions on the author, so the stories tend to be closer to how an author envisons them.
Manga is the best to me because you get to see what the author originally wanted it to be.
Manga. Definitely. The story's a lot better than the anime and I like reading more than watching a video.
Manga is better because there is more detail!
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0.999979 |
1. Placing 75g of coffee powder into the capsule. Please be careful not to fill the capsules too much.
2. Cleaning the coffee powder on the edge of the coffee capsule and closing the capsule.
3.Putting the capsule on your coffee machine and noticing that the small hole in the lid of the capsule must be out and match for the steel needle of the coffee machine.
4.Turning the handle of the machine to the hot water.
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0.993544 |
BEST TIME TO VISIT: Anytime COMMENTS: Watch out for opening ground.
San Andreas was founded in 1849, by mexican miners who 1st discovered gold in the rich gravels. American miners crowded them out in 1850, then thousands of Chinese moved in and reworked the tailings considered useless by others. San Andreas is probably noted most for being the place where the infamous "Gentleman Bandit", Black Bart was tried, and sentenced to 6 years at San Quentin for a series of stagecoach robberies. Bart was actually Charles E. Boles from Illinois, but after a number of very successful robberies, he changed his name to Charles Bolton, and moved to San Francisco. During a holdup near Copperopolis, Bart was wounded and dropped a handkerchief with a laundry mark "FX07". The handkerchief was traced to San Francisco, where police made one of the most surprising arrests in its history, for Charles Bolton was one of San Franciso's leading citizens, and had close connections in the police department. New highway alignments, and other demands of modern civilization, have stripped San Andreas of most of its mining camp character, leaving only a few of the original gold rush era buildings. The remaining examples of early architecture include the dressed-stone Fricot building, now housing the county library; a two-story I.O.O.F. Hall; and the courthouse, which is now home to the Chamber of Commerce, and a museum with a good collection of local historical items. Behind the courthouse is the old jail with a cell marked "Black Bart slept here". Just west of town is the historic Pioneer Cemetery, dating back at least to 1851. Most of the graves are unmarked, but a few headstones have some intriguing in-scriptions. Many of the graves here were moved from Lancha Plana, Camanche, and Poverty Bar, when Camanche Lake inundated those towns. Submitted by Bob Stelow.
Founded in 1848 by Mexican prospectors, it was one of the earliest to suffer from the racial clashes that rocked the Mother Lode. When the riches of San Andreas became known, American miners poured in and drove out many of the Mexicans. It is here so the story goes that Joaquin Murieta got his start and became one of the most famous Mexican bandits of his time. Swearing vengeance for the hanging of his brother for a crime he did not commit, Joaquin formed a band of cutthroats and preyed on American settlements up and down the Mother Lode. A good starting point for an historical tour is the local museum. Submitted by Henry Chenoweth.
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What Is the Canadian Institute Of Chartered Accountants?
The Canadian Institute Of Chartered Accountants (CICA) is a non-profit organization for accounting professionals in Canada. CICA has developed GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) for Canadian accounting techniques and publishes guidance and educational materials on a number of accounting-related topics. It is one of the founding members of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and the Global Accounting Alliance (GAA).
Founded in 1902, the CICA has grown to become the primary professional organization for chartered accountants in Canada. The institution was originally known as the Dominion Association of Chartered Accountants. In January 2012, in response to member and stakeholder consultation, CICA, the Society of Management Accountants of Canada (CMA Canada) and Certified General Accountants of Canada (CGA-Canada) issued A Framework for Uniting the Canadian Accounting Profession under a new Canadian Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) designation. CPA Canada was established by CICA and CMA Canada in January 2013. It now supports Canadian provincial accounting bodies under the unified CPA banner.
Today, CPA Canada's 210,000 members across Canada and around the world bring a shared set of values, diverse business skills and exceptional talents to the accounting discipline.
Similar to Certified Public Accountant (CPA) designation requirements in the U.S., the CPA Canada certification program consists of education, relevant experience requirements, and successful passing of the Common Final Examination.
Demand for managerial and public accounting services remains strong globally, particularly in emerging markets who engage in more regular business with more developed nations.
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Substitute a graham cracker crust for a regular pie crust.
If you need a graham cracker crust for a baking recipe, you can easily make it. A homemade graham cracker crust can taste much better than a store-bought, pre-made crust. It's also quick to make one and, according to Nabisco, graham crackers contain no cholesterol.
Mixing bowls are essential for baking.
Crush 24 graham cracker squares or measure out 1.5 cups of pre-crushed graham wafer crumbs. Put the crumbs into a mixing bowl.
You can measure dry or wet ingrediants with a measuring cup.
Mix ¼ cup white sugar with the crumbs in the mixing bowl, using the fork.
Butter will melt very quickly in the microwave.
Melt 1/3 cup of butter either on over low heat on the stove or in the microwave. Combine the butter with the graham cracker crumb mixture and mix them well with the fork.
Use a glass or metal pie plate.
Press the crumb mixture into a 9-inch ungreased pie plate. Press it evenly and firmly into the bottom and the sides of the pie plate.
Refridgerating the pie shell will help it stay together better.
Refrigerate the empty pie shell for at least half an hour before filling it with your favorite pie filling.
Add 1/4 tsp. of cinnamon for extra flavor.
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Another Chinese ethic is Buddhism. Although Buddhism did not originate in China, it has been influencing China for over 2000 years. In some parts it is more influential than Daoism, though the strongest of the ethic is Rujia儒家 or Confucianism as this was adopted by the imperial education system and so everyone had to study Rujia.
What does Buddhism teach? It teaches how to be a perfect person. To be a perfect person we need to understand why we suffer and why we are happy. Life is good or bad all as a result of cause and effect. Good deeds have a good result and bad needs have a bad result, but we do not just count the deeds done in the lifetime. In Buddhism we believe that we live many lifetimes until we realize the reason we suffer and so stop making those mistakes. When we fully understand and act to be perfect way of life then we start to change to become a Buddha.
Buddhism originated in India, but it has been perfectly adopted by Chinese culture as it has a very similar philosophy as Rujia and Daoism道家and so a lot of Chinese people accept and study these three ethic together.
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Liquid oxygen (also LOx, LOX or Lox in the aerospace, submarine and gas industry) is a unique form of the element oxygen. It has a pale blue color and is strongly paramagnetic. Liquid oxygen has a density of 1.141 g/cm³ (1.141 kg/L) and is moderately cryogenic (freezing point: 50.5 K (−222.65 °C), boiling point: 90.188 K (−182.96 °C) at 101.325 kPa (760 mm Hg). In commerce, liquid oxygen is classified as an industrial gas and is widely used for industrial and medical purposes. Liquid oxygen is obtained from the oxygen found naturally in air by fractional distillation. Liquid oxygen has an expansion ratio of 860:1, and because of this, is used in commercial and military aircraft today.
Due to its cryogenic nature, LOX can cause the materials it touches to become extremely brittle. Liquid oxygen is also a very powerful oxidising agent: organic materials will burn rapidly and energetically in liquid oxygen. Further; if soaked in LOX some can detonate unpredictably on subsequent contact. Petrochemicals often exhibit this behavior, including asphalt.
LOX is a common liquid oxidizer propellant for spacecraft rocket applications, usually in combination with liquid hydrogen or kerosene. It was used in the very first rocket applications like the V2 missile and Redstone, R-7 Semyorka or Atlas boosters. LOX is useful in this role because it creates a high specific impulse. LOX was also used in some early ICBMs, although more modern ICBMs do not use LOX because its cryogenic properties and need for regular replenishment to replace boiloff make it harder to maintain and launch quickly. Despite this, many modern rockets do use LOX, including the main engines on the Space Shuttle. During World War II, liquid oxygen was used as an oxidizer in several Nazi Germany military rocket designs, under name A-Stoff and Sauerstoff.
LOX also had extensive use in making oxyliquit explosives, but is rarely used now due to a high rate of accidents.
Liquid nitrogen has a significantly lower boiling point, at −196 °C (77 K) than oxygen's −183 °C (90 K), and vessels containing liquid nitrogen can condense oxygen from air: when most of the nitrogen has evaporated from such a vessel there is a risk that liquid oxygen remaining can react violently with organic material. Conversely, liquid nitrogen or liquid air can be oxygen-enriched by letting it stand in open air; atmospheric oxygen dissolves in it, while nitrogen evaporates preferentially.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Liquid_oxygen". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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