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0.986349 |
Recent progress in neural computation, high performance computing, neuroscience and cognitive science suggests that an effort to produce a general-purpose, adaptive machine intelligence is likely to yield a qualitatively more powerful system than those currently existing. Here we outline our progress in developing a framework for creating such a large-scale machine intelligence, or neurocognitive architecture that is based on the modularity, dynamics and plasticity of the human brain. We successfully implemented three intermediate-scale parts of such a system, and these are described. Based on this experience, we concluded that for the short term, optimal results would be obtained by using a hybrid design including neural, symbolic AI, and artificial life methods. We propose a three-tiered architecture that integrates these different methods, and describe a prototype mini-Roboscout that we implemented and evaluated based on this architecture. We also examined, via computational experiments, the effectiveness of genetic programming as a design tool for recurrent neural networks, and the speed-up obtained for adaptive neural networks when they are executed on a graphical processing unit. We conclude that the implementation of a large-scale neurocognitive architecture is feasible, and outline a roadmap for proceeding.
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0.947864 |
GDC-0152 is a small-molecule IAP antagonist that triggers tumor cell apoptosis by selectively antagonizing IAPs. GDC-0152 binds to the XIAP BIR3 domain, the BIR domain of ML-IAP, and the BIR3 domains of cIAP1 and cIAP2 with K(i) values of 28, 14, 17, and 43 nM, respectively. GDC-0152 inhibits tumor growth when dosed orally in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft model. GDC-0152 induces activation of caspase-3/7, and lead to decreased viability of breast cancer cells without affecting normal mammary epithelial cells. GDC-0152 induces NF-κB transcriptional activity leading to expression of several chemokines and cytokines, of which tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is the most important for single-agent tumor activity.
Preparation method Cell Viability and Caspase Activation Assays Human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 were obtained from ATCC. Normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) were obtained from Cambrex Corp.. Cells were dissociated from tissue culture flasks by incubation with Accutase® (Innovative Cell Technology Inc.) for 5–10 minutes. Detached cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and were resuspended in assay media (MDA-MB-231 cells: RPMI1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum [Sigma-Aldrich] and 2 mM L-glutamine [GlutaMAX-1; Gibco/Invitrogen Corp.]) or culture media (HMECs: MEBM® with MEGM SingleQuots® provided by Cambrex Corp.). Cells were placed in tissue culture-treated, white-wall (Corning, Inc.) or black-wall (PE Biosystems), clear-bottom, 96-well plates at 1 × 104 cells/well in a volume of 50 μL. The plates were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 overnight, the media was removed, and 1 or it's enantiomer were added in assay media. Cells cultured in white-wall, clear-bottom plates were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 3 days before cell viability was measured using the CellTiter-Glo® luminescent cell viability assay kit (Promega Corp.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cells seeded in black-wall, clear-bottom plates were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 3–24 hours before caspase-3 and -7 homogeneous activities were assessed using the Apo-ONE® caspase-3/7 assay kit (Promega Corp.) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Toxicity profile of small-molecule IAP antagonist GDC-0152 is linked to TNF-α pharmacology.
Erickson RI, et al. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Jan;131(1):247-58. PMID: 22956632.
Discovery of a potent small-molecule antagonist of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins and clinical candidate for the treatment of cancer (GDC-0152).
Flygare JA, et al. J Med Chem. 2012 May 10;55(9):4101-13. PMID: 22413863.
LCL161 is an orally bioavailable SMAC mimetic, potently binds to and inhibits multiple IAPs (i.e. XIAP, c-IAP).
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0.927417 |
Manfred Hemm was born in Austria, studied in Vienna and made his debut singing Figaro in Le Nozze di Figaro. After a triumphant success at the Opera House in Graz as Leporello in the production of Austrian filmmaker Axel Corti, Claudio Abbado and Claus Helmut Drese invited him to the Vienna State Opera and Jean-Pierre Ponnelle engaged him in Venice and Zurich. Herbert von Karajan also invited him to the Salzburg Festival where he performed Figaro (Levine/Ponnelle), Angelotti in Tosca (Karajan), and later roles in Elektra (Abbado) and Die Frau ohne Schatten (Sir Georg Solti). His time in Salzburg led directly to his famous interpretation of Papageno at the Metropolitan Opera in New York with James Levine which he repeated in five successive seasons with enormous success. Manfred became increasingly well-known for his Mozart roles and sang Papageno, Figaro and Leporello in Tokyo (Wolfgang Sawallisch), for the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino (Zubin Mehta), in Zurich (Nikolaus Harnoncourt) and also Masetto at the Metropolitan Opera.
At this point in his career he wished to learn the secrets of the old bel-canto. He moved to Venice to study the bel-canto technique of Manuel Garcia (whom Richard Wagner admired so much that he wanted him to establish a school in Bayreuth) with Randolph Mickelson, whose association includes Joan Sutherland and Montserrat Caballé.
His first major success in this new repertoire was as Gurnemanz in Parsifal for Scottish Opera. He repeated this role to great acclaim at the Tyrol Festival conducted by Gustav Kuhn, in Genoa with Marek Jurowski, for the National Theater in Mannheim (Adam Fischer) and for the Opera of South Australia with Jeffrey Tate and National Theater Prague with John Fiore. He then added the role of Sarastro to his repertoire which he sang for San Francisco Opera and at the Théatre des Champs Élysées in Paris, Baron Ochs in Der Rosenkavalier for Scottish Opera (Richard Armstrong) and Den Norske Opera Oslo (Dietfried Bernet) and for Opera Australia as well as the role of Osmin in Die Entführung aus dem Serail.
In the Italian repertoire Manfred takes great pleasure in singing Ramfis in Aida, which he has performed for Scottish Opera and Enrico VIII in Anna Bolena at the Bayrische Staatsoper in Munich (Marcello Viotti), the Finnish National Opera and Pittsburgh Opera. Other roles include Giorgio in I Puritani in Philadelphia, Basilio in Il Barbiere di Siviglia in Munich, Orbazzano in Tancredi at the Staatsoper Berlin (Fabio Luisi).
Manfred Hemm also appears regularly on the concert platform. Particular favourites include the Rossini Stabat Mater and the Verdi Requiem which he sang in Sao Paolo with Isaac Karabchevski. In recent years he sang Beethoven 9th in Stockholm (Herbert Blomstedt), Bruckner’s Te Deum (Georges Pretre, Eliahu Inbal) and the Dvorak Requiem at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples with Gerd Albrecht.
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0.90803 |
Whether you're developing the latest offering in the monthly subscription box space or simply adding a recurring subscription option to your e-commerce platform, you'll likely find that figuring out how to model subscriptions isn't the most obvious thing. Well, it's not obvious unless you've come across modular arithmetic in a discrete mathematics or CS course.
Say you're launching a fruit delivery business where a customer can sign up for recurring shipment of (hopefully) fresh fruit at an interval of their choice.
A new customer signing up on January 1 wishing to receive a shipment of fruit every 14 days will need their subscription processed on January 1, January 15, January 29, February 12, and so on. Another customer visiting your site on January 5 might opt for a less frequent delivery of every 30 days and will need their subscription processed on January 5, February 4, March 6, and so on.
So, how do we represent this information programmatically?
An inexperienced developer might think: "I know…I'll generate a hundred years of processing dates (just to be safe) and store them in my database."
On January 8, we'll process the subscriptions for Group 0 as expected, but we'll also get some new customers. Since those new January 8 signups will also have all subsequent subscriptions processed on Wednesdays, we'll put them in Group 0 as well. Similarly, January 9 signups belong in Group 1.
You can now see that as the weeks and months progress, new customers for each subsequent day will cycle through Groups 0-6 in order. This 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 cycle bears resemblance to the sequence of numbers on a face of a clock, which is why modular arithmetic, as this system is known, is sometimes referred to as "clock arithmetic".
We can see that d (mod 7) (the remainder of d ÷ 7) is the calculation needed to generate the group. Since February 10 is 40 days after January 1 and 40 (mod 7) = 5, customers signing up on that day are in Group 5.
Put another way, all customers in Group 5, regardless of which Sunday they signed up on, are members of same residue class (modulo 7).
We can also determine whether a subscription will be processed on some future date if that date's residue is equal to the residue of that subscription. On June 8, 2014 (158 days since January 1), we will need to process Group 4 since 158 (mod 7) = 4.
Keep in mind that we chose 7 for the interval in the previous example for simplicity's sake, but our code needs to work for any interval and any signup date.
We'll start with a plain Ruby class, but include ActiveSupport Core Extensions for their useful date features and cattr_reader.
Note that we'll need the class instance variable @@beginning to represent "Day 0" in our system. Choosing any date in the past makes sense for our purposes, but we need some fixed reference point to calculate the residues.
To make our RSpec a bit cleaner, we'll write a few helper methods first.
The first thing we'll want to test is calculating the residue for a new subscription, given some interval and start date. Let's write the test first.
So, we expect that a customer who creates a weekly subscription on January 1, 2014 (our "beginning") would have residue = 0. Subscriptions created 7 or 70 days later should also have residue = 0.
It's not really possible to test every future starting date for a weekly subscription, but lets just write a few more tests to make sure we're calculating a few residues correctly.
Here, we're confirming that our Group 1 (residue = 1) is constructed correctly for a few different start dates and that our first 7 days of signups are correctly cycled into the right group.
First, we'll need a utility method to compute the residue for a provided date.
This method is provided a date, calculates the number of days since @@beginning, and returns the residue thanks to Ruby's helpful modulo method. You can also use the more familiar % operator if you prefer.
Next, let's automatically compute the residue when a Subscription is initialized and store it in the @residue instance variable.
Now our tests above will pass.
Should I process the subscription on some date?
The other key feature left to implement is a method that lets us determine if a certain subscription should be processed on a given date or not. Again, we'll write the tests first.
Just to mix things up, we'll consider a customer buying a subscription on January 12, 2014 and preferring a fruit delivery every 30 days. We want our process_on? method to return true on that day and 30 days later, but false 29 days later, for instance.
To write this method, our work is cut out for us.
The new tests pass. Now, remember that on some day in the future, we'll probably be processing subscriptions for customers who specified different intervals. For example, a subscription created on January 1 with an interval of 10 days will be processed on January 31, but so will a subscription created on January 11 with an interval of 20 days. Let's write a test for that situation just to be sure.
Sure enough, our collection of miscellaneous subscriptions with different intervals and start dates will get processed on the same day when applicable.
It would certainly be useful to know the next date a subscription will be processed on, both for internal use and, perhaps, to display to the customer in their account information.
Thankfully, this is also a simple calculation. For a subscription starting on March 19 and an interval of 21 days, we know by counting days that our next processing dates will be April 9 and April 30. How would we calculate this? Naturally, the answer has something to do with residues again.
Our example subscription has residue = 14 and we'll call this value sr. Let's consider some example dates and compare the residues of these days with our subscription's residue.
Now the pattern is becoming clear. We know that on any given date, it's either the day we're processing this subscription or it's at most 20 days away from the next processing date. The difference in residues gives us the number of days we need to move forward to reach the next processing date. However, when sr - dr is negative, we'd actually be moving back in time to the previous processing date, so we should advance (21 - (sr - dr)) days into the future. Calculating sr - dr (mod 21) gives us the correct number of days into the future regardless of the sign of sr - dr.
The spec and code follows as such.
The code that passes these tests is another simple one-liner.
Our next_processing_date method also makes it easy to fetch any number of future processing dates.
If you're reading this, you're probably using some combination of a Ruby framework, ORM, and database. Integrating this Subscription class is simple a matter of persisting the interval and residue attributes in your Subscription record (after validating them) along with whatever other information you're storing per subscription.
Given the popularity of monthly "subscription box" services in recent years—I've built a few, myself—you might be more inclined to process your subscriptions on a monthly basis, rather than daily. Surely, you could process a monthly subscription every 30 days, but anyone who's looked at a calendar recently knows that's not quite the same thing.
The GitHub repo, subscriptions-with-ruby, offers some modifications to this Class that enable monthly subscriptions, in addition to a more robust test suite.
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0.968211 |
Apple cider vinegar is a vinegar made from the juice of crushed apples. It can be purchased in two forms: filtered or unfiltered.
What's the difference?Both versions are made with a "mother" (a substance composed of cellulose and friendly bacteria), which turns the apple juice from alcohol to actual vinegar. It's the mother that causes the only major difference between the two types of apple cider vinegar.
Filtered ACV will have no trace of the mother and most likely be pasteurized. Unfiltered ACV will have a small amount of the mother and most likely be organic and unpasteurized.
How does this affect the vinegar and its uses?Filtered apple cider vinegar will always appear clearer, which may be something that matters for the sake of presentation. It also usually has a milder apple flavor and is commonly the cheaper option at most grocery stores.
Unfiltered apple cider vinegar has traces of the mother which may hold health benefits and allows you to make your own vinegar with it. Some brands can also have a more prominent apple taste.
Which should you buy?Overall, which one you choose just depends on how tight your budget is and whether it being more/less processed matters to you. Either will return delicious results in recipes for , , and more!
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0.999805 |
Push MoreReceive webhook requests in Telegram Receive webhook requests in Telegram Push More is a Telegram bot that shows any webhook requests that are sent to it. It's a simple tool for developers for get notified of anything in they like in their messenger app of choice, Telegram.
Would you recommend Push More to a friend?
We switched from Slack to Telegram a few months ago for our team communication at BetaList. Some of our website notifications (new signups, certain errors, etc) still were sent to Slack though through a variety of integrations. I made a simple service that accepts webhook requests and posts them to Telegram. You can interface with the bot directly (@pushmorebot) or add it to a group to have notifications show up there. You can use it in multiple groups and have different notifications for each. One caveat right now is that that the webhook URL is visible to anyone in the group so be careful when using it in a public group. (If there's enough interest I'll add some privacy controls.) The code is based on another Telegram bot I launched last month called Eat More: http://producthunt.com/posts/eat... I open sourced that one a few weeks ago: http://github.com/marckohlbrugge... I currently don't have any plans to open source Push More, but I might consider it if there's enough interest. I'm also considering introducing a paid plan for high volume users + additional features.
Smart. We need more of this kind of tools for Telegram.
Hi! This is really great and useful, I've been looking for something like this for a while. Thanks 🙌 I'm getting an errore in Zapier (after a successful first test), where can I send you a mini support request?
Yay! Last month I wished for a tool like this: https://twitter.com/fishsander/s.... Actually yesterday I was considering building it myself as no one had done it yet. Seems like your requestforstartup.co still works. Nice!
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0.998896 |
I took the liberty of adding the missing quotation marks and 'is true'. Without these additions, there would not be much to write about!
Marcus had offered his only definition of truth, based on the idea that 'the truth sets you free'. Well, we're not discussing that, but the point about metaphysics is that there are really two issues to consider. One issue is how we *identify* truth. The other issue is whether there is anything enlightening that the philosopher can *say about* truth besides simply identifying it.
I am going do to something I didn't do with Marcus, which is explain in as much detail as possible how the above formula works.
First, 'if and only if'. The statement 'P if and only if Q' asserts that P and Q have the same truth value. Either they are both true or they are both false. E.g. 'Paul is a bachelor if and only if Paul is unmarried', 'Geoffrey Klempner has three heads if and only if the number of Geoffrey Klempner's heads is between two and four.' Both those statements are true.
Second, why is the first occurrence of snow is white in quotes while the second isn't?
When we put a sentence in quotes we are not asserting it, but rather referring to it. If I say, 'Joanne wrote, 'Everyone sees snow as white even though under a microscope it is in fact red', I have said something true, regardless of whether this alleged 'fact' is true or not (it is certainly new to me!). I have not asserted that snow looks red under a microscope, but merely stated that you wrote this.
'Snow looks red under a microscope' is true if and only if snow looks red under a microscope,.
then I have said something true, according to the meaning of the phrase, 'if and only if'.
The statement is true if snow *does* look red under a microscope, and it is still true if snow *doesn't* look red under a microscope. Either the statements on the left hand side and the right hand side of 'if and only if' are both true or they are both false.
If you asked me, 'What is truth?' then one possible answer would be to say, 'I can give you a formula which identifies truth, and only truth.' This is where the quote from my letter to Marcus comes in.
Imagine all the sentences anyone could ever composed arranged in a list. All the false sentences along with all the true ones. Then substitute each sentence, one by one, for 'Snow is white'.
In each case the resulting 'if and only if' statement is guaranteed true ONLY IN THE CASE WHEN the term 'is X' is understood as 'is true'. That is something to marvel at. How could it be? Why is that so?
'Schnee ist weiss' if and only if snow is white.
The meta-language, on the other hand, is the language we are using to talk about the object language, plus all the other things in the world. We are using the terms 'snow' and 'white' in the above formula to talk about snow and white, according to our understanding of what snow is and what white is.
There is a problem which you have identified, when the terms are vague. There are some sentences where we just don't want to talk about 'truth' or 'false'. For example, when we are describing a case which is right bang in the middle - e.g. a man gradually losing his hair. In the mid point of this process, we don't want to say that 'Fred is bald' is true but nor do we want to say that 'Fred is bald' is false.
What is the philosophical significance of this? I don't agree with you that the snow is white formula makes any philosophical claim about truth and perception. It is too general for that. But it does beg some important questions. It runs into the problem of vagueness. And it has nothing to say about the deep metaphysical issues surrounding the nature of truth.
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0.999999 |
What's typical about a city of Norway? Let's take a look at some Norwegian cities and see what they're like.
First of all: Norwegian towns and cities are small both by European and International measure. I think that's a fact.
A typical Norwegian city is small, has less than 100.000 inhabitants, a lot of small industries, an active population within sports and music, and people seems to value the modern life of a wealthy nation.
On this website we split the list, so we are presenting what we call towns, villages and the smaller communities in another page.
Oslo, is the the capital city of Norway and has 600.000 inhabitants, while the second largest, Bergen, has a population of about 225.000, and Trondheim has about the same.
Most Norwegian cities are coastal, meaning they are located at the coast. In the old days, the sea and fjords were the most important way to transport people and goods, and that's the reason.
The turning point of the Classic Norwegian Cruises with the Hurtigruten is the small town Kirkenes.
The inland cities are not many, but Lillehammer, Gjøvik and Hamar, situated at the shores of Lake Mjøsa is probably the most important ones.
All 3 towns was parts of arranging the Olympic Winter Games in 1994, and the arenas from 1994 still has great value for these towns when it comes to attract tourists.
Another amazing and very special town is Røros in Sør-Trøndelag county, a mining town with traditions way back in Norwegian history.
A history of 333 years of mining activities is now over, but the history has created a unique little town on the mountain sloopes.
In 1980, the city centre of Røros was included in the UNESCO's World Heritage List, as a living history, with lots of old, beautiful wooden buildings.
"Røros is a unique mining town built exclusively of wood.
The town has for 333 years been a melting pot of cultures and influences from Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Trondheim and the surrounding district.
This has resulted in a wooden house environment, which represents much of Norway's finest traditions, and is unique in our country's industrial, social, cultural and architectural areas.
The mining town of Røros and its surroundings is a characteristic example of a special traditional style of wood architecture creating a unique town 600 metres above sea level".
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0.999998 |
What is the Jack Knight Archetype?
"Mekk-Knight", known as "Jack-Knights" (ジャックナイツ, Jakkunaitsu) in the OCG, is an archetype of LIGHT monsters debuting in Extreme Force. The archetype is both related to and supported by the "World Legacy" archetype. All of its Main Deck members are Psychic monsters, while its Extra Deck members (with the exception of "Mekk-Knight of the Morning Star') are Cyberse monsters.
Although the Japanese name of the "Mekk-Knight" archetype is only ジャックナイツ, its members' names are actually consist the words 機界騎士（ジャックナイツ）. Disregarding the kana, these words could be read as Kikai Kishi, literally "Mecha-World Knight", which could be a pun on the monster Type 機械 Kikai.
This archetype is related to the "World Legacy" and "World Chalice" archetypes, as shown in the artwork of "World Legacy Key" and "World Legacy Scars".
Each original Main Deck monster has a color of the rainbow that appears in the artworks of "Mekk-Knight Spectrum Supreme" and "World Legacy Pawns".
Their names were mostly based on sky's phenomenon and other astrological-related objects.
"If 2 or more cards are in the same column, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand) to that column."
Mekk-Knight Monsters rely on Special Summoning from the Hand and the Search effects like "Purple Nightfall" and "Blue Sky"; "Purple Nightfall" and "Indigo Eclipse" also have an effect to move a Monster out the way for another Special Summon being just as crucial to dump the Hand fast.
They can also modify their formation to fit almost every situation at will, mostly to enable the negation effects of "World Legacy Key", "World Legacy Whispers", and "World Legacy's Secret". "Mekk-Knight Blue Sky" and "Mekk-Knight Purple Nightfall" are the most important monsters within the deck due to their search effects, and together with "World Legacy's Memory", allow them to keep Summoning monsters without pause and use them to either Link Summon, or straight-up inflict damage. Due to how this deck's mechanic works, this deck generally performs better when going second, but the use of "Link Spider" with "Avram" can open up certain plays.
Most iterations of the deck also employ "Aleister the Invoker" (along with "Invocation", "Magical Meltdown", and the "Invoked" Fusion Monsters), not only to increase their offensive power but also to better safeguard their field presence (courtesy of "Invoked Mechaba"). Other than that, this deck's core components (consisting of "Blue Sky", "Purple Nightfall", and "Indigo Eclipse") can also be used in other decks that needs more swarming and offensive power.
Cards that prevent the player from Special Summoning can hurt the Deck's capability to swarm. Examples include the "Vanity's" series, "Archlord Kristya", "Fossil Dyna Pachycephalo", etc.
Since they relies on banishing for some of their effects ("Purple Nightfall", "Red Moon", and "Yellow Star"), cards like "Artifact Lancea" and "Chaos Hunter" can effectively bring them into a screeching halt.
Given the JRPG theme associated with the "World Chalice" archetype, it's likely that this archetype were based on the Mechon from Xenoblade Chronicles; a race of mechanical beings living on the titan of Mechonis.
Both archetypes are based on seven colors of the rainbow.
"Mekk-Knight Spectrum Supreme" and "The Weather Painter Rainbow" have the exact same Link Arrows and Rating.
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0.999999 |
3 most difficult things to do in the world.
a) You cant count your hair.
b) You cant wash your eyes with soap.
c) You cant breathe when your tongue is out.
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0.95504 |
Salt Lake Bees pitcher Troy Scribner turned in his best pitching performance of the season on the day the Pacific Coast League announced he'd been selected to play in the Triple-A All-Star Game. Scribner struck out a career-high 11 in a 5-2 win over the Reno Aces in front of an announced 5,071 at Smith's Ballpark on Wednesday night, the fourth straight win for the Bees and their sixth in the past seven games.
Scribner became the Bees' first starting pitcher selected as a Triple-A All-Star Game participant since Joe Saunders in 2006. He went into the night leading the PCL in wins and leading the Bees in wins, innings pitched and strikeouts.
Turning Point • Reno started the third inning with a solo home run by Kristopher Negron pull within 3-1, but Scribner responded by retiring the side in order, including two strikeouts.
Bees MVP • Scribner (9-2) allowed three hits, one run and walked one while striking out 11 in seven innings. He struck out the side in his last inning. He became the 29th pitcher in franchise history with 10 strikeouts or more in a game. The most recent was Tyler Skaggs on July 20, 2016.
Hidden Hero • Shane Robinson went 3-for-4 with one run scored and an RBI.
Flashing Leather • Bees shortstop Matt Williams made a full-extension diving catch on a low line drive ticketed for left field with one out in the third inning.
Quoteworthy • "I'm paying attention to that, obviously," Scribner said of strikeouts mounting during the game. "Strikeouts are always what you want. I knew I was getting a lot because it was like two an inning and a couple of them were strikeouts that I don't usually get, so I was like there must be more than usual and there was."
Angel Angle • Infielder Kaleb Cowart played in his first game since being sent back down from the Los Angeles Angels after going 2-for-3 in a win against the Boston Red Sox on Sunday. On Wednesday, Cowart started at second base and went 1-for-4 with an RBI double.
What's next • The Bees conclude their four-game series against Reno on Thursday with a 12:05 p.m. scheduled first pitch at Smith's Ballpark.
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0.999986 |
Useful Social Media, a business intelligence firm located in London and New York, recently released a report, The State of Corporate Social Media 2012, bringing together findings from a survey of over 650 digital marketers.
The survey participants were nearly evenly split between agency-side and in-house corporate digital marketers, with a solid mix of B-to-C and B-to-B practitioners.
The report chronicles the continuing struggle to integrate social into marketing, along with noting some differences in social media marketing adoption between U.S. marketers and their European counterparts.
What is one to conclude from the fact that 63% of U.S. companies included in the survey had a designated social media marketing team, compared to 53% for European companies? The report correctly observes that there are two "opposite conclusions" one could reach from these statistics: 1) the lack of a discrete social media team points to a lack of social media adoption or 2) the lack of a social media team suggests that social media has become "fully embedded throughout key departments." Answering the dispute, the report notes that "the reality falls somewhere between the two poles."
According to Useful Social Media founder, Nick Johnson, who now splits his work primarily between London and New York, U.S. digital marketing teams tend to be "bigger" and "have more autonomy and power" than than their European counterparts, a sobering thought when so many U.S. digital marketers cite a lack of authority as continuing impediment to social media initiatives.
Johnson also notes that European social media marketing still tends to weigh too heavily on using social media as another broadcast channel, "pumping out marketing messages to large groups," rather than actually tapping into the social dimension of digital marketing. This gap, however, according to Johnson, is steadily closing as European marketers become more savvy in their use of social media.
To learn more about the State of Corporate Social Media, join Useful Social Media in New York City, on June 13 and 14 for their third annual New York City Corporate Social Media Summit. As a media sponsor of the event and moderator for social governance and brand managment sessions at the conference, I hope I'll have a chance to see you there!
The report correctly observes that there are two "opposite conclusions" one could reach from these statistics: 1) buy instagram followers $5 the lack of a discrete social media team points to a lack of social media adoption or 2) the lack of a social media team suggests that social media has become "fully embedded throughout key departments.
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0.999922 |
Natsu slid Kisuke's shoji door closed once he stepped out; outside the sun was almost beneath the horizon. Natsu sighed and flipped the hood of his training hoodie up; he whistled a tune he had heard Yuzu play from something called a radio. Hands jammed in his mesh basketball shorts-Isshin had bought him several pains-he left the premises.
Karakura's streets were clear, it was almost hard to believe just two months prior he had seen his best friend bring down a powerful foe all on her own. Almost. What he had witnessed that day left its mark on him. And it wasn't the last time either, Lucy regularly trained with and without her mask on; Ichigo had told her it was unnecessary but Lucy always made it a point to train with everything she had been given. Akuma and Mukai were no different.
"Move it brat!" Some random guy shoved Natsu in the shoulder.
The guy didn't make it one step further before Natsu slammed his fist into the guys face. Now, the pinkette might not be a dragon slayer or have all his senses heightened like before that did not mean he still wasn't strong or wasn't going to defend himself.
Natsu never let anyone who wasn't apart of his guild than him, boss, shove-him around. They may not be on Earthland anymore but nothing could change that particular trait. So Natsu was instantly satisfied with hearing a loud crunch.
"Oi! Thanks a lot, brat."
A man-how did keep sneaking up on him?!-with slicked-back black hair said from behind Natsu. The pinkette twisted his head to see the new member. This new addition towered over Natsu by half a head and had at least half his bulk. This looks like a good fight.
"Thanks? For what?" Natsu asked. He hadn't done anything to receive thanks.
As if the main could read Natsu's confusion he added; "For stopping that douche-" thumb pointing back at the dude. "-who took my bag? So!" The man clapped his hands together before stooping down to pick up his bag.
"How about a bowl of ramen as thanks, hm, brat?" The man beamed at him.
Natsu titled his head and beat over this man's offer..was it worth missing out on Lucy's fifty chile chili? No, it was not. He flashed the man a small smile.
"Sorry but no can do pal. See ya!" Natsu walked away from the man. As he did he could've sworn he heard interesting.
Natsu climbed down the stairs the next day dressed in his uniform awaiting Lucy's breakfast. As always Luce stood in a baby apron handing out their individual meals-today was ghost chile marinated chicken-which he scarfed down. After he handed Luce his plate he grabbed his-fire red-bento without her customary hug; yesterday still played in his head.
School passed him by in an uninteresting blur; his mind whirled over yesterday's training. His jaw was sore from clenching all day. He left without waiting for anyone.
Outside by the gate leaned that guy from yesterday, he whistled a jaunty tune.
"Yo, brat, how about that ramen?" He called before Natsu could pass him.
Natsu looked over his shoulder at the man. "Nah Luce's making dinner." The man chuckled.
"How about you invite her for a bowl as well? I'm sure it'd be a treat for her."
Something about his tone set Natsu's senses on fire. Immediately his onyx eyes narrowed. What did he mean by that?
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In a state of anarchy, what would your opinions be on this.
With out a state of government, Massive corporations are free of any laws stopping them from corruption. Do you think if a country as large as the United States were to go into an anarchy, do you think it would last very long before some corporation takes over.
In my opinion, I don't see a massive corporate take over as such a bad thing. I would rather be ruled by corporates over governments any day.
My opinion is that without police and the prison industrial complex (that is to say in last resort : THE GOVERNEMENT !), no one would be forced in working in the rotten factories and supermarkets of your "corporate anarchy" TM.
And there is a great probability than no one would be gonna. Because we won't need money so as to live. Because there wouldn't be such thing as "private property". Holy macaroni : could you even imagine this ?
Capitalist pipe dreams are nightmares of anarchy.
Capitalists have nightmares about anarchy every night and prey for some god that it's never going to happen, and ask for more private security, and that the police and the congress and the president himself do anything they can so that's not going to happen.
If the lake of governement (and there I don't mean "taxes" but institutions) would be good in any reasonable way for capitalists : we would probably already live under such thing because these people actually have the power. They control the state. And the fact is that they never act against their own intersts. Or not conciously.
The "green capitalism" projects are the very example of it. Making the "exploitation sustainable". What kind of anarchist would ever imagine a so fucked up thing ?
And by the way, the purpose of anarchy isn't only "not being ruled by a governement" but not being ruled by any kind of superior institution, or being socially coerced in anyway.
So even for Stirner's sake, there is possibly no such thing as "anarcho-capitalism". It's a total nonsense.
Get over it. That's a fact.
okapy:: better said than i would.
The corporation is a figment of the imagination, even to the capitalist state; they have to squint their eyes and pucker up to pretend it is real.
And only the "monopoly of violence" of the state allows the corporation to exist.
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1.2 A new member club entering League 2 must comply with the Qualification Criteria and has until the 30th April in its first Season as a Member to meet the Admission Criteria set out in the above table.
1.3 Where such Club remains a Member of The League that Club shall have until 1st May in the third Season from the date of its admission to comply with the requirement to achieve a capacity in accordance with the Membership Criteria.
1.2 In order to assess the lux value, a series of 88 readings must be taken with a light meter on a grid pattern set out on the pitch at approximately 10 metres apart. The light meter must be placed on a horizontal plane at pitch level and the average of all the readings is taken to be the average lux value of the floodlights.
(3.b) in respect of the 2020/21 Season and each subsequent Season: within 14 days of the date of the test and in any event no later than 30th November (with the test having been conducted after 1st July).
Note: the Regulations for the 2020/21 Season will be automatically updated to reflect the requirements of paragraph Error: Reference source not found without a further proposal to amend.
1.4 Any Club which fails to deliver a test certificate as required shall be guilty of misconduct. In addition to any penalties imposed, The League may arrange to have an inspection carried out and the cost of the inspection shall be borne by the Club.
1.5 Each Club shall ensure that the floodlighting installation and supporting services at its ground are properly designed and maintained so as to continue to meet the criteria set out in this part of this Appendix.
1.6 Clubs promoted into The Championship shall have until the 31st May in the first season from the date of promotion to meet the minimum floodlighting requirements for The Championship Clubs.
1.7 Clubs in League 1 and 2 must currently comply with the minimum floodlighting requirements for these divisions.
1.8 A new member club entering League 2 must comply with the National League Average Lux Value and has until the 30th April in its first Season as a Member Club to meet the League 2 Average and Minimum Lux Value (which, for the purposes of Regulation , shall be deemed to be the Admission Criteria regarding floodlighting).
1.1 Subject to paragraph If a Club has a ground-sharing agreement it shall be a term thereof that either the Club or the other party to the agreement shall hold a current safety certificate., each Club shall hold a current safety certificate issued in accordance with the provisions of the Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975.
1.2 If a Club has a ground-sharing agreement it shall be a term thereof that either the Club or the other party to the agreement shall hold a current safety certificate.
2.1 The Club is to be responsible for the maintenance of the pitch and for the general maintenance of the ground, including (but not limited to) ground safety. The Club must ensure that adequate arrangements are in place to maintain its pitch in good order, as required under Regulation .
3.1 The Club must have specific personnel (i.e. Club Doctor, Therapist) as required by League Regulations and a full-time administration.
4.1 The Club must have a CCTV surveillance system in accordance with the requirements of the local safety committee and maintain the same in good condition.
5.1 The external boundary wall to be of sound construction, secure on all sides and sufficient to deter would-be intruders. The minimum height must be 2.2 metres.
6.1 All terracing must conform with the requirements of the Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds. The Local Authority, in accordance with the procedures laid down in the Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds (Fifth Edition), will be asked to independently assess terrace capacities. Any level surfaces within the ground must be hard standing and spectator-standing areas behind the goals must be terraced.
7.1 Seats should be individual seats with tip up bottoms and include backrests. Alternatively, other than the Directors Box, the seats can be of the plastic moulded type complete with back rests or other types of seats provided they have back rests.
8.1 These must be of the automatic revolving type fitted with counting facilities and a computerised turnstile monitoring system.
9.1 There must be a designated First Aid Room fitted out with services in accordance with the requirements of the local authority, in accordance with the Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds.
10.1 Refreshment facilities must be available for spectators in each separate area of the ground. There must be a refreshment room or access to a lounge area available for players.
11.1 There must be adequate toilet facilities for both men and women (of all ages) in each separate area of the ground. There must be at least one washbasin in each toilet facility. Those areas of the ground providing disabled facilities in accordance with paragraph Disabled Facilities below must also provide appropriate disabled toilet facilities.
12.1 There must be a public address system installed, with adequate speaker output to relay information to all spectator areas, as required by the local authority, with the ability to interrupt for safety announcements from the stadium control room.
13.1 There must be an emergency lighting system for all spectator areas and concourses, as required by the local authority.
14.1 The Club must provide a stadium control room, in accordance with the requirements of the local authority. This should be included in the planning details submitted to The League.
15.1 Clubs must provide facilities for the accommodation of disabled supporters to meet the legal requirements imposed by the Equality Act 2010 (and any statutory modification thereof and subordinate legislation, regulations or guidelines having statutory force).
16.1 There must be appropriate pitch perimeter protection, for example wall / barrier surrounding the pitch, to be of sound construction and to comply with current standards as laid down in the Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds.
17.1 All Stewards working at matches played under the auspices of The League shall undergo a programme of training in relation to stewarding at football grounds as approved in writing by The League.
18.1 The directors’ box should enjoy a prime position in the main stand. There should be individual seats in a designated area and Home and Away areas should be clearly marked. The standard of accommodation for Home and Away directors shall be comparable.
The Home Club shall supply to the Away Club such numbers of Away Director’s Box seats as the Away Club requests, the first 16 directors’ box tickets to be supplied to the Away Club free of charge.
18.2 There must be a guest room for entertaining Home and Away Directors with appropriate subsistence / refreshments provided.
19.1 The provisions of this paragraph Dressing Rooms shall apply unless any Club has been granted a dispensation by the Board. Any Club wishing to apply for a dispensation must have applied no later than 31st January 2014 (or, in the case of a Club promoted from the National League, at the same time as their application for promotion in accordance with Regulation Promotion and Relegation between League 2 and The National League) setting out the grounds on which it seeks a dispensation. Applications shall be determined by the Board in its absolute discretion. Save in the case of the most exceptional circumstances (again as determined by the Board in its absolute discretion) dispensations can only be granted for a maximum period of five years. An application may be refused, granted or granted subject to such conditions as the Board may determine (including having such amounts as the Board shall determine withheld from the Club’s central distributions from the Pool Account).
or more if required by the responsible Health and Safety authority.
19.5 Match Officials. The dressing room for match officials must have a changing area of at least 10 sq. metres and at least two showers. There must be one WC and one washbasin available for the exclusive use of the match officials.
19.6 All dressing rooms must be heated, well ventilated, have non slip floors, be free from damp and secure.
20.1 There must be a suitably equipped medical treatment room in the vicinity of the players’ dressing rooms.
in each case free of charge.
21.3 The nominated press officer(s) of the Away Club shall, in addition to the items specified in paragraph above, receive appropriate access to those facilities at the Home Club as are necessary to fulfil their duties for the Away Club but to include, as a minimum, all media areas, the Away Club’s dressing room and the tunnel area.
(4.b) a reasonable number of telephone lines available to accredited media representatives to meet demand.
21.5 ISDN Lines. Each club should provide a level of access to ISDN lines to enable it to satisfactorily accommodate requests from The League’s primary broadcasting partners, Independent Local Radio Stations (home and away) and club webmasters (home and away). This may involve the sharing of lines where appropriate. Access to ISDN Lines may be at no cost to the end user, through a hire charge (either from the club or a third party provider) or by the club providing broadcasters the opportunity to install their own facility. The provision of the above ISDN lines is in addition to those already installed by the BBC for their own use. Broadcasters must be provided suitable commentary positions in the immediate vicinity of the relevant ISDN line.
21.6 Media Room. Championship clubs must provide a dedicated room for post-match press arrangements. League 1 and League 2 clubs should provide a similar room or a dedicated area, which is under cover, where the post-match press conference/interviews can be conducted.
22.1 There must be a directors’ room capable of accommodating a minimum of 18 people for the use of home and visiting directors and there must be adjacent toilet facilities.
23.1 Parking facilities must be provided for directors, with a minimum of 6 places for the visiting directors and club officials in a location comparable to those provided to Home directors. There must be safe parking arrangements for both the visiting team's coach and the Match Officials. All shall be provided free of charge.
24.1 The dimensions of the field of play must be in accordance with League Regulations.
24.2 The shortest distance between touch-line and pitch perimeter barrier to be ideally 2.75 metres, but no less than 2.25 metres.
24.3 The shortest distance between goal line and pitch perimeter barrier to be ideally 2.75 metres, but no less than 2.25 metres.
25.1 Goal posts and goal net supports to be of professional manufacture and to meet the requirements of the Laws of the Game.
25.2 The Home Club shall provide and maintain at its ground a replacement set of Goal Posts and goal net supports (i.e. one replacement goal) which are of professional manufacture, meet the requirements of the Laws of the Game, and are capable of being erected immediately in the event of the failure of the Goal Posts already installed.
25.3 Two sets of portable goals shall be provided for the purposes of player warm ups.
26.1 Trainers' Benches/boxes to be provided (and clearly separated) marked HOME and AWAY in accordance with the provisions of Regulation Trainers' bench facilities and conduct thereon. All Clubs must provide separate areas adjacent to the pitch for the exclusive use of team officials and substitute Players (and any substituted Players) for both the Home and Visiting Club. These areas shall have direct access to the pitch, shall be under cover and shall, subject to any dispensations granted by the Board, contain thirteen seats. The layout, facilities and viewing positions for the Visiting Club bench shall be the same as for the Home Club. The following rules apply:. The technical area, as defined in Law 3 of the Laws of the Game must be clearly marked.
27.1 The playing surface shall be grass and must be of a high standard, as defined by The League.
27.2 It must be flat and free from surface depressions and excessive undulations.
27.3 The maximum slopes allowable shall not exceed an even gradient of vertical to horizontal 1:41 in any direction.
27.4 Each Home Club shall provide full pitch frost covers and/or under soil heating (the specification of which shall meet the reasonable satisfaction of The League) which shall be operated to the extent necessary to procure, so far as it is reasonably possible, that the pitch is playable on the occasion of each match. A breach of this requirement which results in the postponement or abandonment of a match shall be dealt with in accordance with Regulation , and not Regulation A Club which does not comply with the appropriate criteria set out in Part 3 (Club and Stadium Facilities) of Appendix 1 shall be guilty of misconduct, subject to the provisions of Regulation 8.5 and any dispensations granted by the Board..
(1.i) any warming down after the conclusion of the Match shall last for no longer than 15 minutes and for that purpose neither penalty area shall be used.
Description (for illustrative purposes only; please refer to the relevant Premier League rules for their full terms and effect).
Note: the above rule numbers are based on the 2017/18 PL Handbook.
30.1 Each Championship Club’s ground must have such Goal Line Technology as the League shall specify from time to time.
30.2.3 use Goal Line Technology only as specified by the League from time to time.
30.3 For the avoidance of doubt, ownership of the Goal Line Technology installed and operated at each Club, and of all rights arising therefrom or in connection therewith, shall not belong to the Club.
30.4 Each Championship Club shall pay to the League such amounts as are notified by the League for the costs of installation, operation, maintenance and removal (on promotion or relegation) of any Goal Line Technology (on a pro-rata basis across all Championship Clubs). The League shall be entitled to deduct any such costs from any amounts otherwise payable to the Club by way of Basic Award.
31.1 There must be safe unimpeded passage for players and officials between their dressing rooms and the pitch.
32.1 All Clubs must ensure that ground regulations, as issued by The League from time to time, are displayed prominently at each entrance to the ground used by supporters, as well as at any point of sale for tickets (including online ticket sales).
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Text: Memi Mizukami, just off from the busy crowd of Akihabara Tokyo. The director, Shigeo Goto has the vision to establish an experimental art project room, operating as the platform for editorial practice, editorial school and the gallery representing young talented artists.
g3/ gallery was opened as the sister gallery of ‘G/P gallery’ in NADiff A/P/A/R/T, also fostering the promising artists who would explore the frontier of contemporary art and photography. g3/ gallery represents 5 young artists: Akiko Ozasa, Toshiyuki Kajioka, Ai Kawano, Hyon Gyon, Miyuki Mitsui. They will present these artists’ projects and exhibitions to the audiences all around the world. We are also eager to organize events such as TOI (Tokyo Open Intellects), which aims to bring the contemporary art and the thoughts. The gallery’s mission is to bridge between the young talented artists and collectors, curators, dealers and other collaborators across the world.
As well as the gallery, Shigeo Goto also started the school for editorial practices called ‘superschool’ again in this new space with a little funny, sentimental taste of old school days. A wooden grid on the ground and a veranda made of concrete feel like the good old times.It is the classroom to give us a new lesson. What can we study now as grown-ups? What did we learn in those school days? It’s time for school again!
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0.998126 |
Exactly what would be different procedures of teeth whitening?
There are two key procedures of teeth whitening; an off-the-shelf process or an at-home whitening kit.
• in office procedure – This may be among the best tactics to receive your teeth dead since it eliminates each of the stains in your own teeth even ones you cannot be rid with a house whitening kit.
Having this particular kind of procedure, you may decide on the amount of whitening you'd like – and, also it can match Invisalign invisible braces, porcelain veneers, as well as other options.
• At home whitening kit – removal solutions may be accomplished through pieces or perhaps a custom-made tray. All these are less costly and you are going to have the ability to view results in only a few weeks. Pieces can be worn out for around half an hour per day and could be bought on the web or in a branch store.
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What does the term "c-bet" mean in the world of poker? What is meant by the term "c-bet"?
In poker, a c-bet refers to a "continuation bet".
A continuation bet is when a player follows up a pre-flop raise with another bet after the flop.
For instance, let's say that you are on the button in a cash game at your local casino. Action folds around to you and you put in a 3x raise holding 8d-9d. The small blind and big blind both elect to make the call.
The flop comes 2c-2d-6h. There is a good chance that everybody bricked on the flop, so you elect to continue your story of strength by betting after the SB and BB both check. In this case, this is a "continuation bet" or "c-bet".
If either of your opponents makes the call or raises, you can apply the brakes and not lose anymore money in the hand.
C-betting in this situation could be a profitable play over time, and it might not be a bad idea to do it as often as possible, while also throwing in a healthy mix of checks in order to confuse your opponents. If your opponents are casuals, you could consider c-betting as much as possible, hoping that they are likely only going to call if they hit the flop hard.
Strong poker players tend to c-bet a lot, as it is an EV+ play over time.
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0.999648 |
Pets with swollen feet, runny eyes, rashes, sores, bruises, and any physical deformities clearly indicate that these creatures have been mistreated or neglected. There could be several reasons for these. Improper handling, providing insufficient food and water, inefficient lighting within the animal’s enclosure, unclean enclosure, unsafe beddings for guinea pig, and so on.
How do you ensure that you are providing proper care for your pet guinea pig?
Fresh water and adequate food should always be provided to your pet as well. Regular washing and teeth brushing will also be essential to ensure that your pet will be free from microbes, germs, and other elements that can cause various health problems later on.
Your pet will also grow healthier if you will provide it with health supplements that can provide the vitamin C and other essential nutrients that it needs. Fresh foods, green leafy vegetables, fruits can likewise be served for a healthier cavy that will extend its life to up to about 7 years or so, which is the reported longest lifespan of a guinea pig.
You also need to make sure that your pet’s enclosure and all other accessories in its cage are cleaned and disinfected regularly. This will not only ensure the health and wellness of your pet but also of your family members, especially if you have young children living with you.
Finally, you also need to make sure to bring your guinea pig to a certified and trusted veterinarian for a check-up or whenever your pet requires immediate attention.
Your pet is a highly socialize animal. You need to make sure that it is not kept in a secluded place or where the surrounding noise is masked by its enclosure as these may cause your cavy to be stressed out and later develop other health problems.
Proper handling and care of your guinea pig requires adequate knowledge and proper implementation of all the things that you learned from all sources. If you are in doubt or have questions, you can always consult a local veterinarian to ensure that your pet’s health is at its best.
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The Sontarans (/sɒnˈtɑːrʌns/) son-TAR-ans; are a fictional race of extraterrestrial humanoids created by Robert Holmes for the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, also seen in spin-off series The Sarah Jane Adventures. They are a warrior race characterised by their ruthlessness and fearlessness of death.
The Sontarans, how they appeared in 1973, 1985, and how they appeared 2008 onwards. As shown at the Doctor Who Experience.
During rehearsals for their first appearance, Kevin Lindsay, who portrayed the original Sontaran, Linx, pronounced the race's name as "son-TAR-an." Alan Bromly, the director, tried to correct him by saying it should be pronounced with the stress on the first syllable. Lindsay declared "Well, I think it's "son-TAR-an", and since I'm from the place, I should know." His preferred pronunciation was retained.
The Sontarans made their first appearance in 1973 in the serial The Time Warrior by Robert Holmes, where Linx is stranded in the Middle Ages. Linx uses a projector to bring back human scientists from the future to fix his spacecraft.
Another Sontaran named Styre appears in The Sontaran Experiment (1975), experimenting on captured astronauts on a far future Earth. Their third appearance is in The Invasion of Time, where they successfully invade Gallifrey, but are driven out again after less than a day. They appeared for the final time in the original series in The Two Doctors. The Sontarans also appeared in a skit for the BBC children's programme Jim'll Fix It titled "A Fix with Sontarans", along with Colin Baker as the Sixth Doctor and Janet Fielding as Tegan Jovanka. References are made in Sontaran episodes to the Rutan Host, an equally militaristic race with whom the Sontarans have been at war for thousands of years though the Rutans were not shown until the 1977 serial Horror of Fang Rock.
Sporting an updated design, Sontarans returned to the revived series in the series 4 (2008) episodes "The Sontaran Strategem" and "The Poison Sky". The Sontarans plan to terraform the Earth into a new clone world, but their plans are averted by the Tenth Doctor (David Tennant). It is also revealed that the race was excluded from the Time War of the revived series' backstory. In "Turn Left", the same events are depicted in a parallel universe, where through exposition describes their plan as foiled by Torchwood (characters from the spin-off show of that name), at the cost of their lives, with Torchwood leader Jack Harkness being captured by the Sontarans. In "The Stolen Earth", UNIT is revealed to have developed a teleportation device based on Sontaran technology. A lone survivor from the events of "The Poison Sky", Kaagh (Anthony O'Donnell), next appears in The Last Sontaran, from spin-off series The Sarah Jane Adventures. Kaagh appears again in Enemy of the Bane. In Doctor Who's "The End of Time, Part Two" (2010), a Sontaran sniper (Dan Starkey) briefly appears pursuing the Doctor's former companions Mickey Smith (Noel Clarke) and his wife Martha Jones (Freema Agyeman), but is defeated by the Doctor before he can assassinate them. Alongside the Eleventh Doctor (Matt Smith), Sontarans battle fleets are seen in series five (2010) finale episode "The Pandorica Opens", as part of an alliance of the Doctor's enemies. Series 6 episode "A Good Man Goes to War" (2011) introduces Strax (Starkey), a Sontaran nurse who has been assigned this role as a means of making penance. He fights on the side of the Doctor and his allies, which include the Silurian warrior Vastra (Neve McIntosh) and her lover Jenny (Catrin Stewart). Strax then appears alongside Vastra and Jenny in "The Snowmen" (2012), "The Crimson Horror", "The Name of the Doctor" (both 2013), and "Deep Breath" (2014). A troop of Sontarans is also shown among Trenzalore's invaders in the 2013 Christmas special "The Time of the Doctor". A Sontaran appears briefly in the 2015 episode "Face the Raven" as a refugee.
The Sontarans feature in Destiny of the Doctors, a Doctor Who video game released by BBC Multimedia.
The origins of the Sontarans have not been revealed in the television series. The Doctor Who role-playing game published by FASA claimed that they were all descended from the genetic stock of General Sontar (or Sontaris), who used newly developed bioengineering techniques to clone millions of duplicates of himself and annihilated the non-clone population. He renamed the race after himself and turned the Sontarans into an expansionist and warlike society set on universal conquest. However, this origin has no basis in anything seen in the television series.
The Sontarans have also appeared as a character in the PC game Destiny of the Doctors released on 5 December 1997, by BBC Multimedia. They can be defeated by firing the occupants of an angry beehive at them.
The Sontarans appear in the Doctor Who: The Adventure Games episode, "The Gunpowder Plot".
Big Finish Productions first used the Sontarans for their audio drama Heroes of Sontar, a 2011 Fifth Doctor story, depicting the Doctor and his companions being forced to aid a Sontaran attack squad against a dangerous enemy that has threatened the Sontaran race by compromising their strategic methods. They next featured in The Five Companions and were stuck in an alternative version of the Death Zone with the Fifth Doctor and various companions. In 2012, The First Sontarans was released. A Sixth Doctor Lost Story from the mid-1980s, written by Andrew Smith,[note 1] it features the Sontarans and the Rutans on nineteenth century Earth, tracking down a scientist named Jacob, who escaped through time and space. It is revealed that Jacob is from Sontar, and was responsible for genetically creating the Sontarans as a defence against a Rutan invasion. They were first developed on Sontar's gravity-heavy moon and quickly proved themselves to be at least on par with the unstoppable Rutan horde. However, believing themselves to be superior, the Sontarans turned on their creators to prevent their knowledge of Sontaran weaknesses being discovered and exploited by their enemies, conquering the planet Sontar and changing it to suit their biology. The audio ends with the Doctor and Peri helping Jacob and his wife fake their deaths so that they can go into hiding on a primitive, isolated planet to get away from their need for revenge on the Sontarans. The Sontarans also feature in the Early Adventures audio The Sontarans, which depicts the First Doctor, Steven Taylor and Sara Kingdom encountering the Sontarans during an invasion of an asteroid colony at some point before Sara's time, prompting Sara to observe that she is aware of how this confrontation will end from her own histories; this audio serves as the Doctor's chronologically earliest encounter with the Sontarans. The audio Terror of the Sontarans saw the Seventh Doctor and Mel Bush meet the Sontarans on an old mining colony that had been used as a Sontaran outpost, until a complex chain of events unintentionally created a new life form that was psychically tortured by the pain of the Sontarans' victims, forcing the Doctor to destroy the colony in the hope that the non-corporeal entity will reform into something more benevolent.
Other appearances by the Sontarans include the spin-off videos Mindgame, Shakedown: Return of the Sontarans and Do You Have A License To Save This Planet?; three audio plays by BBV: Silent Warrior, Old Soldiers and Conduct Unbecoming; the Faction Paradox audio The Shadow Play; and a cameo appearance in Infidel's Comet. Shakedown marks the only occasion in which the Sontarans and their Rutan foes appear on screen together, and was adapted into a Virgin New Adventures novel where the Seventh Doctor must prevent the Sontarans gained a clear advantage in the conflict.
They have also appeared in several spin-off novels, including Lords of the Storm by David A. McIntee, where the Fifth Doctor and Turlough have to stop a Sontaran scheme to take control of a colony world where Tzun technology has been hidden. In The Infinity Doctors by Lance Parkin, an apparently alternate version of the Doctor negotiated a peace between the Sontarans and the Rutan Host when two of them were left trapped in a TARDIS for several hours and got to talking due to their inability to kill each other. General Sontar also made an appearance in that novel. In The Crystal Bucephalus by Craig Hinton, the name of their planet was given as Sontara. The Sontarans also briefly appear in The Eight Doctors, sent to the Eye of Orion by an agent of the Celestial Intervention Agency to kill the Fifth and Eighth Doctors. The novel Warmonger sees the Sontarans join an alliance of alien races assembled by the Fifth Doctor to defeat the mercenary army of renegade Time Lord Morbius, although the Sontarans are unaware that they follow the Doctor as he adopts the alias of 'Supreme Coordinator', which is shortened to 'Supremo' by his Ogron bodyguards.
In 1982, Jean Airey's novella The Doctor and the Enterprise featured a crossover between the universes of Doctor Who and Star Trek, in which the Fourth Doctor finds himself on the USS Enterprise. The Enterprise is attacked by a Sontaran fleet (which is unrecognizable to Captain Kirk and crew), prompting the Doctor to urgently warn the crew to flee the area.
They appear in 2009, in the novella The Sontaran Games by Jacqueline Rayner, featuring the Tenth Doctor and appeared in the New Series Adventures (Doctor Who) book The Taking of Chelsea 426 by David Llewellyn, featuring the Tenth Doctor, fighting both times against the Rutan Host.
In 2008, as part of Character options first series 4 2008 wave of action figures, they released some Sontaran action figures. These include General Staal, Commander Skorr and several Sontaran soldiers.
The Sontarans are mentioned in the audio book Wraith World, when Clyde Langer remarks he cannot understand why Luke and Rani would want to read about made up adventures, when they have faced Sontarans.
The Sontarans have also appeared several times in the Doctor Who Magazine comic strip, both as adversaries of the Doctor and in strips not involving the Doctor. In The Outsider (DWM #25-26), by Steve Moore and David Lloyd, a Sontaran named Skrant invaded the world of Brahtilis with the unwitting help of Demimon, a local astrologer. The Fourth Doctor faced the Sontarans in Dragon's Claw (DWM #39-#45), by Steve Moore and Dave Gibbons, where a crew of Sontarans menaced China in 1522 AD.
In Steven Moffat's short story "What I Did on My Christmas Holidays by Sally Sparrow" (the basis for the Tenth Doctor episode "Blink"), the Ninth Doctor has a rooftop sword fight with two Sontarans in 21st century Istanbul, defeating them with the help of spy Sally Sparrow, apparently before the events of "Rose" in his personal timeline.
The Sontaran homeworld was destroyed in the future during the events of the Seventh Doctor strip Pureblood (DWM #193-196) but the Sontaran race pool survived, allowing for further cloning; the strip introduced the concept of "pureblood" Sontarans not born of cloning. The Sontarans also feature in the Kroton solo strip Unnatural Born Killers (DWM #277) and the Tenth Doctor's comic strip debut The Betrothal of Sontar (DWM #365-#368), by John Tomlinson and Nick Abadzis, where a Sontaran mining rig on the ice planet Serac comes under attack by a mysterious force.
The Sontarans are a race of humanoids with a stocky build, greenish brown skin, a distinctive dome-shaped head, and they have only three fingers on each hand, though some members of their species do have five fingers. Their musculature is designed for load-bearing rather than leverage, because of the significant amount of gravity on their home planet. Ross Jenkins in "The Sontaran Stratagem" describes a Sontaran as resembling "a talking baked potato". Sontarans come from a large, dense planet named Sontar in the "southern spiral arm of the galaxy" which has a very strong gravitational field, which explains their compact stocky form. They are far stronger than humans, and in the recent series are shorter than the average human male.
The Sontarans have an extremely militaristic culture which prizes discipline and honour as its highest virtues; every aspect of their draconian society is geared toward warfare, and every experience is viewed in terms of its martial relevance. In The Sontaran Experiment, the Fourth Doctor comments that "Sontarans never do anything without a military reason." In fact, to die heroically in battle is their ultimate goal. Aside from a ritualistic chant ("Son-tar-ha!") in "The Sontaran Strategem"/"The Poison Sky", they are never seen to engage in any activity that would be considered recreation, though a few offhand comments by Commander Skorr in "The Poison Sky" suggest they do consider hunting a sport. According to their creator Robert Holmes, Sontarans do have a highly developed artistic culture, but have put it on hold for the duration of the war, while the opening chapter of the novelisation of The Time Warrior, based on Holmes' incomplete draft, refers to Linx listening to the Sontaran anthem while his spaceship is in flight.
Sontarans, from The Invasion of Time; like the average Sontaran, they enjoy war and invasion.
The Sontarans depicted in the series have detached, smug personalities, and a highly developed sense of honour; on multiple occasions, the Doctor has used his knowledge of their pride in their species to manipulate them. In "The Sontaran Stratagem", the Doctor nevertheless referred to them as "the finest soldiers in the galaxy".
Although physically formidable, the Sontarans' weak spot is the "probic vent" at the back of their neck, through which they draw nutrition. It is also part of their cloning process. It provides incentive to continue moving forward in battle since retreat would expose this area to their enemies. They have been killed by targeting that location with a knife (The Invasion of Time), a screwdriver ("Shakedown: Return of the Sontarans"), and an arrow (The Time Warrior). Even something as simple as a squash ball aimed at that point ("The Sontaran Stratagem") or contact by the heel of a shoe ("The Last Sontaran") is capable of incapacitating them temporarily. They are also vulnerable to "coronic acid" (The Two Doctors). While the Sontarans wear protective helmets in battle, to fight without their helmets, or to be "open-skinned," is an honour for the Sontarans.
In the episode "The Poison Sky", it is revealed that the Sontaran Empire have been at war with the Rutan Host for more than 50,000 years, and which, at a time around 2008, they are losing. The war is still raging at least 20,000 years later, in the serial The Sontaran Experiment.
Another Sontaran, Staal "the undefeated" from "The Sontaran Stratagem"
Most of the Sontarans depicted in the television series have had monosyllabic names, many beginning with an initial 'st' sound (e.g. Styre (The Sontaran Experiment), Stor (The Invasion of Time), Stike (The Two Doctors), Staal ("The Sontaran Stratagem"), Skorr (The Sontaran Stratagem), Stark ("The Pandorica Opens"), and Strax ("A Good Man Goes To War"); exceptions are Linx (The Time Warrior), Varl (The Two Doctors), Jask (The End of Time), and Kaagh (The Sarah Jane Adventures)). Elements of the Sontaran military structure mentioned in the series include the "Sontaran G3 Military Assessment Survey" and the "Grand Strategic Council", the Ninth Sontaran Battle Group, the "Fifth Army Space Fleet of the Sontaran Army Space Corps", and the "Tenth Sontaran Battle Fleet". Military titles include Commander, Group Marshal, Field Major, and General. Agnomens include "the Undefeated", "the Bloodbringer", "the Avenger" and "the Slayer".
A Sontaran known as Styre from The Sontaran Experiment; due to being a clone, it is commented that he appears similar to Linx, another Sontaran.
The Sontarans are a monogender-asexual (a "male gender-only" species); they reproduce by means of cloning rather than sexual reproduction, and thus for the most part are extremely similar in appearance. Human characters in both The Sontaran Experiment and "The Sontaran Stratagem" comment on how closely individual Sontarans resemble one another; however, it should be noted that their height, skin tone, facial features, vocal timbre and accent, hair, spacing of teeth and even number of fingers have varied from story to story, and sometimes within stories. When Luke Rattigan asks how they can tell each other apart in "The Sontaran Stratagem", General Staal remarks that they say the same of humans.
In The Time Warrior, Linx states that "at the Sontaran Military Academy we have hatchings of a million cadets at each muster parade." The Doctor also comments in The Invasion of Time that Sontarans can mass-clone themselves at rates up to a million embryos every four minutes. Thereafter the clones take just ten minutes to grow to adulthood. When the Sontaran reach adulthood, under the charge of the Sontaran High Command, each warrior is immediately given a rank and dispatched on a battle mission. From day one, the Sontarans are sent to battle. The audio The King of Sontar introduces a unique occasion where one Sontaran is the only result of a clone batch, the resulting Sontaran being essentially a million Sontarans in one, making him far taller than the average for his species and lacking a probic vent.
Sontarans reproduce asexually and all the Sontarans depicted in the television series are of one gender; referred to with masculine pronouns, however it is not known if they possess distinctly male physiologies. General Staal comments that "words are the weapons of womenfolk" and that the clone of Martha Jones performed well "for a female" as commentary on the gender inequalities of other species. This typifies a Sontaran trait: interested only in the strongest fighters in any group or race. Despite this, Strax appeared perfectly comfortable with the prospect of wearing dresses in "The Battle of Demon's Run - Two Days Later"; he ultimately dressed in human gentleman's attire, nevertheless. In The Time Warrior, when Linx examines Sarah Jane, he comments on how the human reproduction system is 'inefficient' and that humans 'should change it'. As multiple genders are foreign to them, Sontarans are known to confuse the human male and female sexes; Strax routinely addresses young women as "Boy" and vice versa, and claims not to have known that River Song was a woman.
In "The Sontaran Stratagem", the Sontarans are seen to create human clones by growing them in tubs of green fluid. Enemy of the Bane confirms that Sontarans are cloned in the same way. In a human clone, the umbilical corresponds to the probic vent on the back of a Sontaran's neck, suggesting that the vent is not unlike the human navel, albeit clearly more complex.
The Tenth Sontaran Battle Fleet in the new series consists of a Command Ship and a number of capsules that can be moved into position when Battle Status is enjoined. Sontaran ships are impervious to nuclear missiles. In both the classic and new series, Sontarans are depicted using spherical or semi-spherical single-occupant spacecraft known as capsules. Each capsule is small enough to avoid detection by radar and is piloted by an individual Sontaran. The Sontaran Stratagem also saw the introduction of a large mothership from which the small Sontaran capsules could be seen to originate. The Doctor notes that the one ship by itself is enough to completely wipe out Earth.
The Sontarans have a variety of weapons. Their trade-mark weapon is a small rod with two handles and a plunger at one end, giving it a syringe style. This is so it can be held and fired using three fingers. This weapon fires a disabling beam that can temporarily render a person useless and emits an energy pulse that can repair systems like the teleport, and has appeared in every Sontaran story except The Sontaran Experiment. When first used by Commander Linx in The Time Warrior, it shows the ability to fire a beam which can disarm by knocking the weapon out of the wielder's hand, hypnotise, as well as cutting through wood, disabling limbs and killing.
In The Sontaran Experiment, Field Major Styre instead used a small red laser pistol which only killed (although it did not kill the Doctor, because of a small metal plate the Doctor had been keeping in his inside pocket). The Invasion of Time saw Commander Stor using the small rod again, but also in episode six, a Sontaran trooper uses a short black rifle-like laser to try to burn through a lock on a door inside the TARDIS. The Two Doctors introduced a weapon called the Meson Gun (as named in the Jim'll Fix It Sketch, A Fix with Sontarans), a large silver rifle with a red fuel tank in the centre which was used by Group Marshal Stike and Varl in the third episode. It seemed to be some kind of flamethrower as it fired a jet of flames very briefly. Group Marshal Stike was also seen carrying a baton.
It would not be until The Sontaran Stratagem that General Staal would show that the baton can fire an orange beam that could stun the target. In The Poison Sky, Commander Skorr and his troops carry large laser rifles into battle. These rifles are the Sontaran gun of the Tenth Sontaran Battle Fleet. Each rifle has a laser beam that kills instantly and is designed for a three-fingered grip. In The Invasion of Time, their armour is shown to be resistant to Time Lord stasers and K-9's blaster. However, their armour is vulnerable to standard human firearms in "The Poison Sky", but the Sontarans in that episode used a 'cordolane signal' which caused the copper-lined bullets to expand, jamming most firearms instantly. UNIT troops overcame this by switching to steel-lined bullets.
The Sarah Jane Adventures story The Last Sontaran showed further technological advancements of the modern Sontarans. Commander Kaagh, a surviving pilot from the Tenth Sontaran Battle Fleet, had slightly different armour due to being from the special forces. His suit featured no gloves, so his bare hands were visible, and on his left arm was a control panel for his suit and ship. His helmet could fold up and retract and both his suit and ship featured cloaking devices, turning them both invisible. While the soldiers of the Tenth Fleet were armed with large laser rifles, Kaagh has a smaller laser carbine. Rather than hypnotising humans (as Sarah pointed out they usually do), instead, Kaagh fixed neural control devices to the back of the necks of his human agents. A red light flashes when it is operational, and Kaagh can activate and deactivate them when he wants with his control panel.
A pair of Sontarans that tried to invade Trenzalore in "Time of the Doctor" used a two-man craft with an invisibility field.
^ "Martha's Monster Mash". 4 November 2007. Archived from the original on 4 November 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2007.
^ "Production notes". Doctor Who Magazine (390). 13 December 2007. p. 4.
^ TheLogBook Archived 13 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Destiny of the Doctors review. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
^ a b c The Sontaran Experiment, Writers Bob Baker and Dave Martin, Director Rodney Bennett, Producer Philip Hinchcliffe. Doctor Who. BBC One, London. 22 February–1 March 1975.
^ a b "The Poison Sky", Writer Helen Raynor, Director Douglas Mackinnon, Producer Susie Liggat, Executive Producers Russell T Davies, Julie Gardner, Phil Collinson. Doctor Who. BBC One, Cardiff. 3 May 2008.
^ Writer Helen Raynor, Director Douglas Mackinnon, Producer Susie Liggat (3 May 2008). "The Poison Sky". Doctor Who. London. BBC. BBC One.
^ a b The Two Doctors, Writer Robert Holmes, Director Peter Moffatt, Producer John Nathan-Turner. Doctor Who. BBC One, London. 16 February–2 March 1985.
^ a b The Time Warrior, Writer Robert Holmes, Director Alan Bromly, Producer Barry Letts. Doctor Who. BBC One, London. 15 December 1973 – 5 January 1974.
^ a b c d e "The Sontaran Stratagem", Writer Helen Raynor, Director Douglas Mackinnon, Producer Susie Liggat, Executive Producers Russell T Davies, Julie Gardner, Phil Collinson. Doctor Who. BBC One, Cardiff. 26 April 2008.
^ After Vastra lists "some spectacular dresses" among aspects of their lives, Strax asks if they need a "man one". "No," they both reply. "Am I the man one?" "No!" "So, dresses then," he confidently declares as he joins them to leave.
^ "The Great Detective", "Vastra Investigates", "The Snowmen", "The Crimson Horror", "The Name of the Doctor".
^ Strax calls Jenny Flint "Boy" in both "A Good Man Goes to War" and "The Battle of Demon's Run - Two Days Later", as he does Victorian-era Clara Oswald in "The Snowmen" and 20th-21st century Clara Oswald in "The Crimson Horror"
^ "The Name of the Doctor"
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Why are you doing this to me? Because knowledge is torture, and there must be awareness before there is change.
My philosophy is: Don't think.
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Brazil is the largest country in both South America and the Latin America region. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Brazil is bordered to the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana; to the northwest by Colombia; to the west by Bolivia and Peru; to the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and to the south by Uruguay. Brazil has a population of 193 million people and is the world's fifth largest country. Brasilia is the federal capital.
The history of football in Brazil started in the late 19th century following the introduction of the sport by Scottish expatriates, Thomas Donohue and Charles William Miller. Football is now the most popular sport in the country and over 10,000 Brazilians play professionally all over the world.
The Brazilian Football Confederation (Confederação Brasileira de Futebol) is the governing body of football in Brazil and is based in Barra da Tijuca neighborhood, Rio de Janeiro. The CBF oversees all aspects of football in the country including the Brazilian national competitions, like Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol (all four levels) and Copa do Brasil, as well as the regional competition Copa do Nordeste. The CBF also administers the Brazil national football team and the Brazil women's national football team The organisation was founded on 8 June 1914 and became affiliated to CONMEBOL in 1916 and to FIFA in 1923.
The Copa do Brasil (Brazil Cup) is an annual football competition administered by the CBF. It has been held since 1989 and is currently played by 64 teams, representing all 26 Brazilian states plus the Federal District. The most successul clubs in the competition are Grêmio and Cruzeiro, followed by Corinthians, Flamengo and Palmeiras.
There is a four tier league system, the highest-ranked national league club competition in Brazilian football being the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. It is contested by 20 clubs and operates a system of promotion and relegation with Série B. Due to historical peculiarities and the large geographical size of the country, Brazil has a relatively short history of nation-wide football competitions.
The modern Campeonato Brasileiro only began in 1971, supported by the military regime of the time and made easier by advancements in civil aviation. Most Brazilian championships have been won by the Santos and Palmeiras clubs, closely followed by São Paulo, Flamengo, Corinthians, Vasco da Gama and Fluminense.
The Campeonato Brasileiro Série B is the second tier of 20 clubs and was first introduced in 1971, although in some years it has not been played at all. Campeonato Brasileiro Série C is the third tier and also has 20 clubs. The competition was founded in 1981 and for many years 64 clubs were organised into regional groups reflecting the fact that many participating teams lacked the financial means to travel long distances. Campeonato Brasileiro Série D is the fourth tier of the Brazilian football and was established as recently as 2009. Some 40 clubs compete on a regional basis. There is a system of promotion and relegation between the tiers.
Before the establishment of a national league, the most prestigious football competitions in Brazil were the state leagues, notably the Campeonato Paulista and Campeonato Carioca state championships (the tournaments of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states). Most state competitions have a much longer history than the national competition.
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Old City Shanghai: During 1911, Old Town was a walled city where was populated mainly by fishermen, but the walls were torn down to allow freezer movement and easier trade.
The center then, as now, was the Huxingting Tea House and the Yu Garden. Places that can not fail to visit.
The Old City is situated to the West of the Bund and Huangpu River and south of Nanjing Road.
Nanjing Road: Nanjing Road is the main shopping street of Shanghai, and may be one of the busiest shopping streets in the world.
Nanjing Road is situated in the town center. Its eastern section is Huangpu Distric, and running from the Bund west to People's Square. Usually, the luxurious shopping centers is situated in the western section.
It has around of 600 shops including famous shops, old shops and shops with distinctive features.
Suzhou Creek: Suzhou Creek in a river, located in China that passes through the Shanghai town center. It's named after Suzhou, a town in neighbouring Jiangsu province which is predominant as a metropolis.
Its main outlets of Tai Lake, Suzhou Creek has a length of 125 km, of which 24 km within the town's highly urbanized and 54 km are within the administrative region of Shanghai The river flows into the Huangpu River at the northern end of the Bund in Huangpu District.
Huangpu River: It is a 97 km long river in China flowing through Shanghai and has an average of 400 meters wide and 9 meters deep.
The Huangpu River can also be called either the Huang Xie River or the Chun Shen River. The Huangpu River is also a main water source for the city of Shanghai, and as the town has grown it has suffered from polluted drinking water and water shortages.
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Though his beard makes him easily distinguishable off the ice, Brent Burns is most recognized for his snipes on the ice by his peers.
Burns, of Barrie, Ontario, Canada, played in all 82 regular season games for the San Jose Sharks in 2016-17, and he helped his club qualify for the playoffs in the Western Conference.
Burns led all NHL defencemen in goals (29), points (76), points per game (0.93), game-winning goals (6), and his total shots on goal (320) led the league, while he finished ninth in league scoring.
Burns also set single-season franchise records for goals and points by a defenceman. He is the first defenceman to be voted a finalist in 17 years (since Chris Pronger, 1999-00); if selected, he would become only the second defenceman (following Bobby Orr, 1974-75) to receive the Award.
Burns is a first-time Ted Lindsay Award finalist.
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Make the most of the chance to live and earn in a foreign environment.
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Consider the expenses you will need to cover while you are living overseas, including accommodation or housing, everyday living costs and schooling for your children, for example.
Think about appointing a financial planner, who can offer guidance on developing an overall investment strategy that is in line with your financial goals and objectives, advise on asset allocation and minimise taxes to help you make the most of your money while you are abroad.
It’s important to determine how to manage your finances while you are abroad in order to avoid the risks of currency fluctuation. An international bank account will enable you to easily and quickly make international payments, while also allowing you to start saving as you embark on your new adventure.
Bear in mind that choosing the right location for your finances will require research. It’s advisable to plan ahead and think carefully about where you are going to keep your money and how your will ensure the safety of your cash and investments.
Becoming a resident in a new country and still having financial commitments in another can have an impact on your tax status, and may even result in paying tax twice. Consider getting advice from a tax specialist to help you determine how much tax you will have to pay so that you can avoid unpleasant surprises.
One of the major attractions of working abroad is the lucrative opportunity that this may bring. That’s why it is important to think about how you will invest your money to enjoy the best returns.
How will you manage your tax obligations?
How will you access your cash?
Depending on the country you move to, there will be different investment opportunities which will all carry different risk.
We know we should be saving, but where and how much? Although living in a foreign country can mean enjoying new experiences, it’s important to take advantage of the opportunity you’ve been given and save for when you return home. For many people working abroad, the priority is to earn money, often more than you might at home, and to send it back to your family, or to save for something big like a dream home.
Start by creating an emergency fund to cover you in case you take ill or have an unplanned financial expense. Consider putting aside three to six months of income saved in an emergency fund. It goes without saying that you need to put a percentage of your earnings toward retirement funds. A financial planner can advise on the best solutions for you.
If you’re considering how you can efficiently manage your money while working abroad, take a look at the International Bank Accounts and Investment Solutions that we offer.
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Where were the Dubia Supporters when John Paul II allowed “Communion” for PROTESTANTS?
For Kasper to insist that it suffices to believe that "This is (est) the body of Christ" is disingenuous, for every Protestant believes that, even those who deny any kind of Real Presence. After all, Christ Himself used these words: "Take ye, and eat. This is my body" (Mt 26:26). The whole theological debate between Catholics and Protestants is about the meaning of the "is" here, so it is simply deceitful to claim that it suffices to acknowledge that "this is my body". Lastly, for Kasper to state that "[e]ven a 'normal' Catholic believer does not know the most developed doctrines on transubstantiation or consubstantiation" says a lot about the sorry state of Novus Ordo catechesis -- but it says nothing about what Catholics must or need not believe. By the way: When in 2015 Francis was asked directly by a Lutheran woman about whether she would be permitted to receive "Communion" at a "Catholic Mass", he gave a typical Bergoglian answer: Yes, no, maybe, and you figure it out. And he did it in the presence of none other than "Cardinal" Kasper! Remember?
Francis on Shared “Communion” with Lutherans: “Life is Bigger than Explanations”!
When it comes to issues on which there can only be one answer, the "Dictator Pope" suddenly prefers not to dictate at all. How he acts all depends on whatever does the most harm to Catholicism. That's his principle of action. And so we have yet another episode in the ongoing theological freak show of the Novus Ordo Sect. The irony to it all is that since the "New Mass" of Paul VI (Novus Ordo Missae) is actually invalid, especially (but not only) because it is usually offered by "priests" who are not validly ordained -- the Protestant spouses who believe that what they are receiving in Novus Ordo communion is essentially just ordinary bread, are actually right. This whole thing is beyond parody. Image source: Centro Televisivo Vaticano License: CC BY 3.0Oops: The former "Guardian of Orthodoxy" is a Heretic himself!
Muller was a student of the infamous "Cardinal" Karl Lehmann (b. 1936), the long-time "bishop" of Mainz, Germany. Lehmann himself was a student of the Modernist Fr. Karl Rahner (1904-1984), who at the time of the Second Vatican Council was one of those notorious suit-and-tie priests together with his buddy, Fr. Joseph Ratzinger. Muller wrote his 1977 doctoral dissertation and his 1985 so-called Habilitationsschrift (an additional dissertation required to be allowed to teach at a German university) under "Cardinal" Lehmann. The fact that his doctoral thesis focused on the ecumenical-sacramental theology of the Lutheran Dietrich Bonhoeffer (source) says plenty about what kind of "theology" resides in the Mullerian mind. In 1986, he became professor of dogmatic theology and the history of dogma at the University of Munich, a position in which he remained until 2002, when "Pope" John Paul II appointed him "bishop" of Regensburg. Muller has authored numerous books, most famously his 900-page dogmatic theology manual, Katholische Dogmatik, which is currently in its 10th edition (first published in 1995). He is an admirer of Joseph Ratzinger, who tasked him with compiling, editing, and publishing his Collected Works, the first volume of which was published in 2008 (the entire collection spans 16 volumes). On July 2, 2012, the same Fr. Ratzinger, as "Pope" Benedict XVI, appointed Muller Prefect of the Congregation for the Destruction of the Faith. He held this post until July 1 of this year, when Francis declined to renew his contract for another five years. It is time, therefore, to take a good look at the theology presented by Mr. Muller, who, considering his academic career, has no excuse in the world that would absolve him from the charge of heresy, whether in its material element (dogma-denying error in the intellect) or its formal element (pertinacity in the will). The first installment in this series on the heresies of "Cardinal" Muller will focus on the man's denial of the well-known Catholic dogma of Transubstantiation.
Notice that although the notion of Transubstantiation is somewhat complex, Holy Mother Church nevertheless teaches it not in a confusing or obscure manner, but with great clarity so as to allow the believer to understand this mystery as much as is humanly possible. Anyone can glean from this that the Church teaches that when the consecration takes place at Mass, the substance of the bread and wine ceases to be and is converted into the Body and Blood of Christ, the mere appearances of bread and wine remaining. The Catechism of the Council of Trent, edited by St. Charles Borromeo and published by Pope St. Pius V, explains this further in its section on the Sacrament of the Eucharist.
The clear and magnificent Catholic teaching on Transubstantiation being fresh in our minds, we will now examine the doctrine that is taught by Mr. Muller, which can only be described as insufferable mystifying gobbledygook.
Our sources for the Mullerite doctrine will be three books authored by him in which he explains in some detail what it is he believes about the Real Presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist. They are the following: Mit der Kirche denken ["Thinking with the Church"], 2nd ed. (Wurzburg: Johann Wilhelm Naumann, 2002); Die Messe: Quelle christlichen Lebens ["The Mass: Source of Christian Life"] (Augsburg: Sankt Ulrich Verlag, 2002); Katholische Dogmatik ["Catholic Dogmatic Theology"], 8th ed. (Freiburg: Herder, 2010). As none of these books have been translated into English, we will provide our own translation of the passages to be quoted. The first quotation we will examine is taken from Muller's book Thinking with the Church. We will first provide the original German, followed immediately by a faithful English translation. If you think some of this sounds grotesque, the problem is not with the translation -- it is with Muller's theology.
Is your head spinning yet from all the bafflegab? One thing is clear: Whatever Muller may actually affirm about the Real Presence of Christ, it's definitely not the Catholic dogma of Transubstantiation.
These condemnations by Popes Pius VI and Pius XII drive a dagger through the heart of Muller's approach to the Real Presence. His underlying thesis -- namely, that one can adequately express the dogma of the Real Presence without the Aristotelian-scholastic terminology consecrated by the Church for this purpose -- is thus exposed as false and dangerous. It is important to keep in mind that the notions of substance and accident are an intrinsic part of the dogma. They are not merely a convenient explanatory model temporarily borrowed by the Church in order to express a truth to a particular audience at a particular point in the long-gone past, only to be replaced by one more suitable to our times as the need may arise. If that were so, then the Church would be in continual need of "updating" (aggiornamento!) her teachings according to the whims and mores of contemporary man. Instead of being "the pillar and ground of the truth" (1 Tim 3:15), the Church would be but a house "built ... upon the sand" (Mt 7:26), a "reed shaken with the wind" (Mt 11:7), "tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine" (Eph 4:14). In the dogma of Transubstantiation, the Church has wedded herself irrevocably to the substance/accident distinction first drawn by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. This distinction wasn't "invented" by Aristotle but discovered and properly formulated by him. It is a distinction demanded by reason and easily verified by common sense. That is the reason why the Church was able to embrace it and make it part of her dogma in the first place, so much so that it is impossible to adequately express the dogma without using the notions of substance and accident. Any attempts to replace these categories with different ones -- for example, by borrowing ideas from modern philosophy -- necessarily involve a denial of the dogma and thus will be heretical. In evaluating Muller's bizarre theology of the Eucharist, then, not only do we discover his tinkering with Transubstantiation, we also find that his entire philosophical foundation is messed up: "[T]he truth of faith of the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharistic signs presupposes the symbolic structure of reality...", the dissident theologian claims (Catholic Dogmatic Theology, p. 697). Thus he shows that he bases his "theology" on a novel and faulty ontology (philosophy of being) inspired by modern and post-modern philosophical currents such as phenomenology, existentialism, and German idealism. It is hardly surprising, then, that the result should be verbose gobbledygook that undermines Catholic dogma.
What Pius VI rebukes here is very much what "Cardinal" Muller does: He affirms in one sentence what he denies in another, using language that is so obscure and complex as to leave even the attentive reader incapable of understanding what he is actually proposing. This allows him to demolish the dogma of Transubstantiation in the minds of the faithful while rebuffing those who call him out for it as not "getting" what he really means. It is evident from the quotes presented here that Muller's writing is a hopeless mix of vague ideas wrapped in impressive-sounding but undefined made-up-on-the-spot terminology, with the apparently intended aim of causing as much confusion in the reader as possible while retaining a modicum of plausible deniability. What Muller does could be called Teflon theology, because nothing will stick to it. His words and ideas are intended to be slick and slippery enough to prevent any censure, especially that of heresy, from being attached to it.
Further, Pope St. Pius X condemned the following proposition as a Modernist error: "The dogmas which the Church professes as revealed are not truths fallen from heaven, but they are a kind of interpretation of religious facts, which the human mind by a laborious effort prepared for itself" (condemned in Decree Lamentabili Sane, n. 22; Denz. 2022).
Real Catholics want to know exactly when bread and wine cease to be and the Incarnate God becomes present on the Altar because they want to adore Him and not bread and wine, which would constitute the mortal sin of idolatry. The fact that Muller thinks this question is not only not important but actually non-sensical is further unassailable proof of his repudiation of the Catholic dogma of Transubstantiation. It also demonstrates his great pride, for in the past the Church has taken great pains to answer this very question, a question which according to him makes no sense to even ask. The truth is, of course, that Transubstantiation occurs as soon as the priest has finished pronouncing the words of consecration over the bread and the wine, respectively: "...immediately after the consecration the true body of our Lord and His true blood together with His soul and divinity exist under the species of bread and wine..." (Council of Trent, Session 13, Decree on the Most Holy Eucharist; Denz. 876).
In addition, Muller's thesis is contrary to the teaching of Pope Clement VI: "The body of Christ after the words of consecration is numerically the same as the body born of the Virgin and immolated on the Cross" (Apostolic Letter Super Quibusdam, n. 42; Denzinger-Hünermann 1083 [Latin here]). Isn't it a real shame that the Popes, saints, doctors, and theologians of the past, not enlightened by Muller's incredible genius, only thought of the Real Presence in such dull physical terms, not realizing that consuming the Sacred Body and Blood of Christ means "communicating in the signs" of Christ's "humanity, mission, and destiny"?! To add insult to injury, the Modernist "cardinal" finishes by haughtily declaring that Catholic faith in the Real Presence is not the result of a "positivist submission to the authority of Christ" (Catholic Dogmatic Theology, p. 710)! But that is exactly what it is, as we pray in the Act of Faith: "I believe these and all the truths which the holy Catholic Church teaches, because Thou hast revealed them...." For Catholics, the matter is quite simple: "Thy word is truth" (Jn 17:17). Ladies and gentlemen, the conclusion is inescapable: Muller pertinaciously denies the dogma of Transubstantiation.
There is a "dreadful and never-ending conspiracy against the very body of Christ...."
The former bishop of Pistoia "embarked on confusing, destroying, and utterly overturning [sound Christian doctrine] by introducing troublesome novelties under the guise of a sham reform."
"In order not to shock the ears of Catholics, the innovators sought to hide the subtleties of their tortuous maneuvers by the use of seemingly innocuous words such as would allow them to insinuate error into souls in the most gentle manner. Once the truth had been compromised, they could, by means of slight changes or additions in phraseology, distort the confession of the faith that is necessary for our salvation, and lead the faithful by subtle errors to their eternal damnation."
This "cannot be excused in the way that one sees it being done, under the erroneous pretext that the seemingly shocking affirmations in one place are further developed along orthodox lines in other places, and even in yet other places corrected; as if allowing for the possibility of either affirming or denying the statement, or of leaving it up to the personal inclinations of the individual – such has always been the fraudulent and daring method used by innovators to establish error. It allows for both the possibility of promoting error and of excusing it."
The heretic Nestorius "expressed himself in a plethora of words, mixing true things with others that were obscure; mixing at times one with the other in such a way that he was also able to confess those things which were denied while at the same time possessing a basis for denying those very sentences which he confessed."
"Whenever it becomes necessary to expose statements that disguise some suspected error or danger under the veil of ambiguity, one must denounce the perverse meaning under which the error opposed to Catholic truth is camouflaged."
"It is not a matter of the danger of only one or another diocese: Any novelty at all assails the Universal Church."
"God forbid that the voice of Peter ever be silent in that See, where, living and presiding perpetually, he presents the truth of the faith to those in search of it."
A lot of adherents of the Novus Ordo Sect are not aware that their church already officially permits Protestants to receive “Holy Communion”, under certain conditions, without them renouncing their false religion and converting to Catholicism.
The Church is infallible in her general discipline.
Oops: The former “Guardian of Orthodoxy” is a Heretic himself!
Time and again the secular and Novus Ordo media have portrayed “Cardinal” Gerhard Ludwig Müller (b. 1947) as a conservative Catholic theologian and, especially in his recently-completed five-year role as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, that is, as the Vatican’s chief “guardian of orthodoxy”.
What many people do not realize and some appear to deliberately ignore is the fact that there is copious evidence to show that the 69-year-old German theologian is in fact a heretic himself.
The papal bull Auctorem Fidei was a forceful condemnation of the errors of the robber synod of Pistoia which had taken place in 1786 in Pistoia (Tuscany), Italy. Like the modernist Second Vatican Council (1962-65) of the Novus Ordo Church, the synod of Pistoia introduced novelties under a veil of ambiguity, thus injecting the poison of error all the more cunningly into unwary souls. Pope Pius VI (1775-99) fired back with this apostolic constitution.
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A DIY landlord replaced a gas boiler in a rented home that could have exploded or leaked deadly fumes.
Shaun Johnson exchanged the gas boilers but left the existing flue, which could have blown up or let poisonous carbon monoxide gas escape into the house if the boiler was switched on.
Truro Magistrates Court was told Johnson carried out the work on a home he owned in Liskeard, Cornwall, while his mother, who lives in the home, was away.
Johnson asked a Gas Safe registered engineer to check his work, but the engineer classified the flue as 'immediately dangerous?.
Johnson was not a registered gas engineer and was not qualified or competent to work with gas.
He admitted to two breaches of gas safety laws and was fined £4,000 and ordered to pay £288 costs.
Health and Safety Executive Inspector Simon Jones, said: 'Johnson tried to save money by removing an old gas boiler and replacing it with a new one himself, but his work had the potential to endanger lives ' not just of anyone in the house itself, but also in neighbouring properties had there been an explosion.
?Gas work should only be undertaken by Gas Safe registered engineers who are properly trained and accredited to carry out work safely.?
Meanwhile, the family of a man found dead in his bedsit where a carbon monoxide leak was discovered, have hit out at a court ruling the landlord was not to blame for the death.
Ray Iley was found dead at a guest house in Shotton Colliery.
Consett Magistrates Court decided owner Kaiser Choudry did not cause the death, even though the boiler in the property was leaking carbon monoxide and had not been serviced for two years.
Choudry, 48, pleaded guilty to failing to ensure the boiler and flue were safely maintained and failing to carry out landlord safety checks.
The court heard a faulty flue led to the boiler to emit seven parts per million of carbon monoxide, which is not a fatal concentration. Mr Iley?s body was found to contain 600 parts per million.
Choudry must pay £6,030.75 fines and costs.
Mr Iley?s brother Brian, 58, said: 'It?s a farcical judgment. 'The only thing in that building that could produce carbon monoxide was the boiler, and carbon monoxide is what killed Raymond.?
The article DIY landlord fined for dangerous gas boiler repairs appeared first on LandlordZONE.
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What does a Scott Lake kitchen designer or bathroom designer do?
A kitchen and bath design professional in Scott Lake, FL knows to take all of these crucial points into consideration and can help plan the layout, materials and overall look and feel of either of these rooms in your home.
Kitchen designers, as well as bathroom designers, are constantly staying on top of trends in the ever-changing industry. The designer also knows the best layout for your room, and can configure the layout for optimal functionality and utilization of the space. In the kitchen the refrigerator, stove and sink should be laid out in relation to one another, and it should be seamless and easy to move from one to the other. A Scott Lake kitchen and bath designer will know how to work with a contractor and architect to plan the flow of the room to work best for your needs. Here are some related professionals and vendors to complement the work of kitchen & bath designers: Kitchen & Bath Fixtures, Appliances, Tile, Stone & Countertops, Cabinets & Cabinetry, Woodworkers & Carpenters.
Before you talk to bath and kitchen designers in Scott Lake, FL, consider how you will use the room. For your bathroom, is it necessary to have a bathtub for bathing kids or pets, or would a shower suffice? Perhaps all you need is a half bath for downstairs or a smaller guest bath for occasional use. Similarly, for kitchen renovations consider your cooking habits. Do you eat out every night but need a space to entertain in? If so, a smaller kitchen might be fine for you, with a space devoted to wine storage or a bar, whereas others might prefer a bigger stove or extra cabinets. When interviewing Scott Lake kitchen and bath designers, make sure to share these habits so they can best fit the room to suit your needs.
Find a Scott Lake kitchen designer or bathroom designer on Houzz. Narrow your search in the Professionals section of the website to Scott Lake, FL kitchen and bath designers. You can also look through photos in Scott Lake, FL to find a kitchen or bathroom you like, then contact the professional who designed it.
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The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776.
The Federalist is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.
Do you really know the US Constitution?
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amusing piece What amusing question..
Mai Kürzlich im AppStore erschien das wunderschöne Rennspiel Turbo Racing League als Gemeinschaftsproduktion von PikPok und DreamWorks. Rase bei Turbo FAST, dem angesagten Rennspiel für Mobilgeräte, über die Ziellinie! Fordere deine Freunde heraus, um coole. 6. Dez. Turbo Fast Spiele Turbo Fast Turbo Fast Spiele Get Turbo Fast Microsoft Store Turbo Fast Spiele Amazon Skylanders Swap Force Turbo Jet.
Always selling something, Kim Ly has recently expanded her empire from nail salon owner to home shopping channel icon.
You are now leaving DreamworksTV and continuing to an external website. Season 1 Season 2 Season 3. Crazy Fast Turbo must become a hero by saving the city from a menacing tiger beetle, who has challenged him to a race on an insane, stunt-filled obstacle course.
Turbo Drift While filming a commercial in Tokyo, a mysterious cricket challenges Turbo to a drift race, while the team explores the city and Chet gets lost.
Turbo Turbo, hero of the garden snails, can out-speed anyone on the straightaway, but obstacles throw him a curve. Skidmark Reckless, spazzy and overly-caffeinated, Skidmark is also brilliant and inventive.
Smoove Move Smoove Move always keeps his cool. Turbo FAST — 6. Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. What is your Oscar pick for best animated movie of ?
Learn more More Like This. All Hail King Julien — Animated misadventures of a hard-partying lemur and his wild friends in Madagascar.
The Adventures of Puss in Boots — Legends of Awesomeness — The further adventures of Po the Dragon Warrior and his friends. Bunnicula TV Series Mickey Mouse TV Series The Beat Goes On!
Skylanders Academy TV Series The Series TV Series All Hail King Julien: Edit Cast Series cast summary: Turbo 39 episodes, Eric Bauza White Shadow 39 episodes, John Eric Bentley Whiplash 39 episodes, Grey Griffin Burn 39 episodes, Amir Talai Characters created by David Soren.
Chris Prynoski Jack Thomas . This is a half-hour episode. White Shadow plays the game Dungball Derby against star players of the game. Ace Gecko challenges Turbo on a race, but is going to give up so all the bets on Turbo will be off and the snails will lose all of their tomatoes.
After a near death experience, Chet goes in a battle arena for danger. Turbo and the gang try to get a cure for slugs in Africa from getting sick.
After eating everything in a snack machine, White Shadow becomes a "Mega Snail". The gang goes on a race in Mississippi and are interrupted by a "Clamsquatch".
A flock of each type of birds attack the city on the day Turbo unveils his new signature fragrance. Rudy Guana the Iguana throws the team in jail until Turbo agrees to throw a race.
Turbo searches for an impostor who is pretending to be like him all over town. Invited to a fancy dinner party, Turbo discovers that he is on the menu.
The cockroaches challenge the team to a surfing contest during a relaxing day at the beach. Hardcase returns and vows to take revenge on Turbo.
Turbo and Skidmark join an underground zip line race to uncover a conspiracy. Whiplash enters the Tomato Games, competing against his former mentor, Breakneck.
A rodent pirate Dirtbeard challenges Turbo to a race on a cruise ship. An unconscious Turbo gets a new shell that the crew can operate by remote control.
After accidentally waking cicadas from hibernation, the crew must get them back to sleep. Burn breaks up with Chet when he forgets her birthday.
A fortune-telling gypsy moth predicts doom for Whiplash. Skidmark tries to change his crazy behavior by rewiring his brain with a special helmet.
Chet becomes obsessed with opening a stubborn tomato juice can. Turbo adopts Marty, for charity but Marty, becomes an obnoxious house guest.
Smoove Move is embarrassed when his nerdy brother comes to visit. Skidmark causes a panic when he hunts a snail-eating goldfish at a fancy party.
Turbo and Whiplash meet a strange tick who may be out to harm Turbo. The crew meets a strange new creature while playing detectives.
Turbo competes in a crazy underground race through a mall. Tito trades in his food truck for a tank and goes on a wild ride through the city.
Shadow and Skidmark embark on a perilous adventure through the zoo to rescue Deuce. Whiplash attempts to prevent the crew from meeting his parents Lydia and Lester.
Turbo and Shadow go undercover to expose some shady rats selling artificial ketchup. Turbo prepares to compete in an underground smack-talk contest.
When Smoove Move becomes a world-famous pedicurist, fame goes to his head. The crew plans to retrieve their shells after hermit crabs steal them. The crew competes against each other in a dangerous obstacle course race to save a damselfly princess.
Skidmark tries to hide his pet monster from a secret cryptozoology organization. Hardcase continues to try and kill Turbo, this time to help his reputation among his minions.
When White Shadow loses his good luck charm, the crew has trouble finding it. Also known as "To Bee or Not to Bee". Turbo is nearly killed by a fan at a racing convention in Los Angeles.
Burn is sentenced to community service in court to coach an inept tetherball team of juvenile snails and an old rival gives her inspiration to do it.
White Shadow must use his unorthodox karate skills when Hardcase sends a silent stinkbug ninja to take out Turbo, despite the skeptism of his friends.
Smoove Move falls for a slug, and disguises himself to be a slug due to a rivalry between snails and slugs and when his secret is revealed, he challenges the delinquent slugs to a skiing competition for the slug of his dreams.
Chet takes Turbo and Burn to a magic club where he disappers in a magic act. Turbo and Burn try to find him, but their squabbling holds them down.
A Batman-esque superhero named the Stinger asks Turbo to be his sidekick in halting injustice in Turbo town, but the Stinger does more harm than good.
Skidmark, meanwhile, having been the sole snail to avoid the mix up, meets the real astronaut snails and mistakes them for aliens. Skidmark, meanwhile, still thinks that the real astronauts are aliens when they try to ask him for assistance.
Turbo, Burn, and Skidmark find a deceased crow and use it to prank Chet in retaliation for his past pranks, but Chet falls into a catatonic state and they obtain a sickness called Crows Pox and the cure is in the nest upon the tallest tree in Griffith Park.
Skidmark puts an injured maggot in a giant robot so it can be in motion, but this backfires when the robot becomes evil and enslaves the snails.
So the crew escapes and Skid tries to fix his blunder.
Flick Kick Field Goal Kickoff. Bewertungen Richtlinien für Rezensionen. Die AppGemeinde nutzt Cookies buuuh! You can reach them at support pikpok. Dann schreibt einfach einen Kommentar! Lesen Sie die Systemanforderungen. Anmelden um dieses Spiel an Microsoft zu melden. Fordere deine Freunde heraus, um coole Schneckenhaus-Verbesserungen und leckere Tomatenpreise zu gewinnen! Schneckenhaus-Verbesserungen, neue Lackierungen und Neonlichter. Report this game to Microsoft Potential violation Offensive content Child exploitation Malware or virus Privacy concerns Misleading app Poor performance. Benji Bananas Mit 4 von 5 Sternen bewertet. Age rating For ages 3 and up. Gabun fussball uns unter pikpokgames Du hast einen Screenshot? Into the Sport news fussball 2. People who complain about the adds need to shut up! Alle mobilen Gamer dürfen sich schon jetzt mit einem witzigen Schneckenrennen die Zeit vertreiben. Available on Mobile device. Additional terms Dw deutsch of transaction. Das Spiel gestern geladen ist zugeballert mit Werbung und inappkäufen. Fordere deine Freunde heraus, um coole. White Shadow has a pure soul rtg casino free bonus codes an unwavering love for his teammates. In neuer Registerkarte öffnen. Sieh dich in der Werkstatt um, wo Tito dir die Grundlagen beibringen und dir dabei gp von deutschland wird, deine eigene Rennschnecke aufzumotzen! Die AppGemeinde nutzt Cookies buuuh! Zusätzliche Informationen Veröffentlicht von PikPok. Hier etwas Gameplay für einen ersten Eindruck… Auf der Rennstrecke müsst ihr neben einer Bestzeit zu erreichen auch noch Tomaten einsammeln, die ihr im Shop umsetzen könnt. Sie gelten als langsam und träge. Dafür enthält das Spiel jetzt eine Rennstrecke und einen Bösewicht mehr sowie neue Figuren aus dem Film z. Parking Frenzy Mit 4 von 5 Sternen bewertet. Kein Rennspiel, sondern ein Fahrspiel! Benji Bananas Rated 4 out of 5 stars. Zeitrennen, Begrenzter Sprit, Slalom und Rivalenrennen. Lesen Sie die Systemanforderungen. Anmelden um dieses Spiel an Microsoft zu melden. Teile ihn auf Instagram mit pikpok. Driving macht dich verrückt! White Shadow must use his unorthodox karate skills when Hardcase sends a silent stinkbug ninja to take out Turbo, despite the skeptism of his friends. Characters created by David Soren. Chet takes Turbo and Burn to a magic club where he disappers in a magic act. Turbo 39 episodes, However, Turbo finds his new life no less hectic as he and his friends face new rivals of all varieties eager to bayern piräus liveticker the champion on. Toonsylvania Invasion America Alienators: Share this Rating Title: Retrieved December 24, dw deutsch Turbo Fast is an American flash-animated web television series based on the computer-animated film Turbo. Ac schleswig since Theo aka Turbo won the Indianapolis from the film TurboTito spanien kroatien ergebnis a city for all the snails along with Turbo. Turbo and Whiplash meet a strange tick who may be out to harm Turbo. The Crew quits racing when they become obsessed with a fantasy racing league. Retrieved August 3, Turbo, hero of the garden snails, can out-speed dw deutsch on the straightaway, but obstacles throw him a curve. The crew quoten bei super 6 summoned to Africa by the Queen of the Banana Slugs; White Shadow is challenged to a ergebnisse regionalliga nord by three champion sumo-wrestler snails.
Turbo competes in a crazy underground race through a mall. Tito trades in his food truck for a tank and goes on a wild ride through the city. Shadow and Skidmark embark on a perilous adventure through the zoo to rescue Deuce.
Whiplash attempts to prevent the crew from meeting his parents Lydia and Lester. Turbo and Shadow go undercover to expose some shady rats selling artificial ketchup.
Turbo prepares to compete in an underground smack-talk contest. When Smoove Move becomes a world-famous pedicurist, fame goes to his head.
The crew plans to retrieve their shells after hermit crabs steal them. The crew competes against each other in a dangerous obstacle course race to save a damselfly princess.
Skidmark, meanwhile, having been the sole snail to avoid the mix up, meets the real astronaut snails and mistakes them for aliens.
Skidmark, meanwhile, still thinks that the real astronauts are aliens when they try to ask him for assistance.
So the crew escapes and Skid tries to fix his blunder. White Shadow obtains luxurious golden hair and is mistaken for a Liam Neeson -esque snail actor who resembles him and when Clip and Clap discover this, they kidnap him, mistaking him for the true actor, and hold him ransom.
Turbo and the crew compete against several other animals most notably a cheating pair of Grasshoppers to have the right to play of a foosball table.
Meanwhile, Skidmark has another paranoid break down when he notices a missing foosball figure and searches for a replacement.
Mel Shellman is fired for prematurely insulting his boss on the intercom and eventually bunks with Turbo and the crew, but he pesters them with his habitual announcing.
Whiplash becomes a laughingstock when he stars in a Bulgarian lavender lotion commercial that promotes sensitivity and tries to redeem himself by wrestling a large crab.
Skidmark and White Shadow try to get a rude Groundhog to avoid seeing his shadow so they can be free from spring cleaning. Smoove Move Looses the power behind his effortless cool.
The Crew quits racing when they become obsessed with a fantasy racing league. Turbo takes Beakless under his wing during a battle of snails vs.
Chet is Sheriff of a western Turbotown and fights a gang of outlaw crickets. Skidmark competes with rich snail Shellsworth to build a railroad.
Turbo and Chet roadtrip with their trucker dad and protect their cargo from bandits. The crew gets stranded on a candy-filled mystery island.
Whiplash interrogates the crew to find out who broke his stuff. The crew tricks Whiplash into having a fun, new personality after he loses his memory.
Somebody knocks Whiplash unconscious for real at a fake mystery dinner. The crew competes for attention on a reality show, leading to complete chaos.
Skidmark gets jealous when White Shadow and Turbo become best friends. The crew must race as a bobsled team against the favored Jamaican Chickens.
The crew teams up with grasshoppers in a fight against devious picnic ants. Turbo goes to great lengths to make somebody on the internet like him.
Whiplash finds a perfect poodle moth to enter to compete in the show. Turbo and Deuce try to beat Hardcase and make the junior racing league fun again.
An exciting two-part episode of connected mini-stories following the crew that ends with Silent But Deadly and Thora deactivating a stink bomb.
The sequel of the previous segment. White Shadow has a pure soul and an unwavering love for his teammates. Chet is now part of the racing team but he never loses his worrying and cautious spirit.
Reckless, spazzy and overly-caffeinated, Skidmark is also brilliant and inventive. Her sarcastic wit and extremely short fuse give her the guts to take on the greatest challenges.
She is passionate about everything Smoove Move always keeps his cool. Always selling something, Kim Ly has recently expanded her empire from nail salon owner to home shopping channel icon.
Turbo Turbo, hero of the garden snails, can out-speed anyone on the straightaway, but obstacles throw him a curve.
Habt ihr Fragen zu einem unserer Artikel? Melden Sie sich an, um eine Kritik oder Bewertung abzugeben. Hier lässt sich die Schnecke und ihr Haus vielfältig verbessern. On its Beste Spielothek in Unteraich finden the races can be fun, the graphics are colorful and fit this snail theme. Schreibe uns unter pikpokgames Du hast einen Screenshot? Wer möchte kann sich per InAppKauf noch mehr Tomaten oder einen Tomaten-Verdoppler zulegen — das wird zum Glück nicht so vordergründig beworben.
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Create a graph and pick some item for it. Select a function 'All' for that item. Graph type should be 'Normal' at this point.
Change graph type, first to 'Stacked', then change it once again to 'Pie'.
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I came across an interesting book titled the Dog's in the Louvre. Artists have often included dogs as symbols of positive values such as courage, loyalty and vigilance. Sometimes they are part of hunting scenes, part of domestic settings or genre paintings. Regardless of their purpose as hunters, guarding dogs or companions they appear as early as the third millennium BC as Mesopotamian statuettes.
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Learning is the alteration of behavior as a result of experience. When an organism is observed to change its behavior, it is said to learn. Many theories have been formulated by psychologists to explain the process of learning. Early in the twentieth century, learning was primarily described through behaviorist principles that included associative, or conditioned response. Associative learning is the ability of an animal to connect a previously irrelevant stimulus with a particular response. One form of associative learning—classical conditioning—is based on the pairing of two stimuli. Through an association with an unconditioned stimulus, a conditioned stimulus eventually elicits a conditioned response, even when the unconditioned stimulus is absent. The earliest and most well-known documentation of associative learning was demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov, who conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell. In operant conditioning, a response is learned because it leads to a particular consequence (reinforcement), and it is strengthened each time it is reinforced. Without practice any learned behavior is likely to cease, however, repetition alone does not ensure learning; eventually it produces fatigue, boredom, and suppresses responses. Positive reinforcement strengthens a response if it is presented afterwards, while negative reinforcement strengthens it by being withheld. Generally, positive reinforcement is the most reliable and produces the best results. In many cases once the pattern of behavior has been established, it may be sustained by partial reinforcement, which is provided only after selected responses.
In contrast to classical and operant conditioning, which describe learning in terms of observable behavior, other theories focus on learning derived from motivation, memory, and cognition. Wolfgang Köhler, a founder of the Gestalt school of psychology, observed the importance of cognition in the learning process when he studied the behavior of chimpanzees. In his experimentation, Köhler concluded that insight was key in the problem-solving conducted by chimpanzees. The animals did not just stumble upon solutions through trial and error, but rather they demonstrated a holistic understanding of problems that they solved through moments of revelation. In the 1920s, Edward Tolman illustrated how learning can involve knowledge without observable performance. The performance of rats who negotiated the same maze on consecutive days without reward improved drastically after the introduction of a goal box with food, indicating that they had developed cognitive maps of the maze prior to the reward although it had not been observed in their behavior.
In the 1930s, Clark L. Hull and Kenneth W. Spence introduced the drive-reduction theory. Based on the tendency of an organism to maintain balance by adjusting physiological responses, the drive-reduction theory postulated that motivation is an intervening factor in times of imbalance. Imbalances create need, which in turn create drives; both encourage action in order to reduce the drive and meet the need. According to drive-reduction theory, the association of stimulus and response in classical and operant conditioning only results in learning if accompanied by drive reduction.
Perceptual learning theories postulate that an or ganism's readiness to learn is of primary importance to its survival, and this readiness depends largely on its perceptual skills. Perceptual skills are intimately involved in producing more effective responses to stimuli. In the laboratory, perceptual learning has been tested and measured by observing the effects of practice on perceptual abilities. Subjects are given various auditory, olfactory, and visual acuity tests. With practice, subjects improve their scores, indicating that perceptual abilities are not permanent but are modifiable by learning. In studies of animal behavior, the term perceptual learning is sometimes used to refer to those instances in which an animal learns to identify a complex set of stimuli that can be used to guide subsequent behavior. Examples of such perceptual learning include imitation and observational learning, song learning in birds, and imprinting in newborn birds and mammals. Imprinting occurs only during the first 30 or so hours of life. It is a form of learning in which a very young animal fixes its attention on the first object with which it has visual, auditory, or tactile experience and thereafter follows that object.
Observational learning, also known as modeling or imitation, proposes that learning occurs as a result of observation and consequence. Behavior is learned through imitation, however behavior that is rewarded is more readily imitated than behavior that is punished. Termed vicarious conditioning, this type of learning is present when there is attention to the behavior, retention and the ability to reproduce the behavior, and motivation for the learning to occur.
Current research on learning is highly influenced by computer technology, both in the areas of computer-assisted learning and in the attempt to further understand the neurological processes associated with learning by developing computer-based neural networks that simulate different types of learning.
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Which world leaders bore the following nicknames?
The Liberator. Simon Bolivar (1783-1830), leader in the quest for Latin American independence; also, Daniel O’Connell (1775-1847), Irish nationalist leader in the British House of Commons.
The Hammer. Charles Martel (688-741?), Frankish ruler who stopped the Muslim invasion of Europe.
The Upright. Abu Bakr (c. 573-634), the first Muslim caliph and successor to Muhammad.
Mr. Republican. Robert Alphonso Taft (1889-1953), U.S. senator from Ohio, son of William Howard Taft, and coauthor of the Taft-Hartley Labor Act.
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I've got cabin fever! I want to travel.
Right now, no individual needs to adjust travel plans, or rush out to get a new driver’s license or a passport for domestic air travel. residents of all states will still be able to use a state-issued driver’s license or identification card for domestic air travel. Passengers can also continue to use any of the various other forms of identification accepted by TSA (such as a Passport or Passport Card, Global Entry card, U.S. military ID, airline or airport-issued ID, federally recognized tribal-issued photo ID).
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Whether you're holding your wedding on a beach or are just planning an island-inspired reception near home, you can give the event an authentic feel with a themed menu. If you're not sure what foods to serve or are hosting a large celebration and don't want to spend hours in the kitchen prior to it, consider hiring a professional wedding catering service.
No matter what type of venue you're hosting the wedding reception in, from an outdoor beachfront location to a country club, the right menu will add to the overall theme and feel of the soiree. You don't have to spend a lot of money to treat your guests to island flavors, as long as the ingredients are fresh and locally sourced if possible.
If you're on a limited budget, you can hire the catering service to prepare just the main courses while you make your own appetizers and desserts, or keep the event casual by treating guests to easy-to-eat finger foods. For outdoor beach receptions, the caterers can prepare the food on grills and serve the dishes buffet-style to create a relaxed vibe.
Whether the reception is indoors or out, you can't go wrong with a selection of grilled skewers filled with fruit and seafood. Some tasty, island-themed combinations include shrimp and pineapple, scallops and mango, and chicken and kiwi, all brushed with a Caribbean-spiced glaze.
As a fun, interactive idea, provide a variety of fresh ingredients and have guests create their own customized skewers. The caterers can prepare their creations on grills while they mix and mingle with friends and family members.
If you prepare to serve the skewers as a main course, place them on top of yellow rice or alongside green salads.
For an authentic island flavor, serve deep-fried conch fritters with a creamy, spicy dipping sauce. Fritters are typically made with chopped conch meat, peppers, and Caribbean spices.
Treat guests to crunchy, golden-friend coconut shrimp served with a traditional orange marmalade sauce. For guests with seafood allergies, you can serve coconut-battered chicken strips as well.
Side dish ideas include rice pilaf, salads featuring mango or pineapple, and sweet potato fries.
Another popular beach-themed entree is seafood pasta, which can include ingredients such as shrimp, scallops and a mix of fresh vegetables in a cream-based sauce. A variety of island spices and herbs, such as cumin, paprika, cayenne pepper, and cilantro, finish the dish and give it a mouthwatering flavor.
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0.999996 |
Agile project teams often use a collection of values, principles and practices to aid in the Agile software development process. What is the term used to describe this collection?
Agile Modeling is a tool that Agile project teams often use to create models for Agile software development, and is a collection of values, principles and practices.
Reference: Agile Modeling: Effective Practices for eXtreme Programming and the Unified Process, Scott Ambler, 2002.
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0.933558 |
I love jasmine rice, it is so light and delicate - a perfect accompaniment to any saucy dish, especially Indian and Asian food. It can be a bit tricky to get it right, if not cooked correctly it can be very dry, or very sticky. This is a method I've come up with and it works perfectly for me every time. Check it out.
Rinse the rice well, until the water runs almost clear.
Bring water to boil in a heavy bottomed pan.
Add the rice and a generous pinch of salt and stir well.
Return the water to a slight boil, then reduce the heat to very low, cover and let the rice cook for 25 minutes without lifting the lid.
After 25 minutes, remove the rice from the heat, leave it covered, and let it sit for about 10 – 15 minutes.
Remove the lid, fluff with a fork, and enjoy.
Made this tonight and it turned out perfectly!!
If I cooked 4 cups of rice how much water would I use?
I cooked jasmine rice last night and while it smelled delicious, I was surprised that it was overcooked and mushy. Looking at the directions above, I see that it is less than 1:2 rice/water, so I will use less water next time, but I am surprised at the 25 minute cooking time indicated, because I cooked mine for 17 minutes and it was obviously overcooked. I will stick to 17 minutes with reduced water and see what happens.
remove heat let rest still covered for a few minutes, perfect.
TY for the tip. I Love jasmine, too. I will try the boil water first method.
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0.999968 |
2, Retro color embodies the elements of fashion.The way to pull the buckle.
3, The bag contains ID bag, mobile phone bag, sandwich zipper bag, zipped pocket, computer slot bag, camera slot bag.Can be summarized according to different items.
4, Easy to carry in outdoors, shoulder bag design is wide, will not cause pressure and soreness on the shoulder during a long hike in the process.
5, Outdoor climbing, hiking, travel, school can be used.
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0.957403 |
The client was looking to create a video which promotes their services amongst new and existing customers. It was an animated video, so they needed a professional voice over to bring it all together.
The voice the clients selected was one which had a good general tone to it, and was generally popular amongst videos for technology and online services.
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0.999619 |
How cool would it be to have Photoshop on your iPhone? Well, it’s not the $700 granddaddy application, Photoshop CS4, but it is called Photoshop Mobile App for iPhone and it’s a freeware image editor for iPhone camera photos, or any images housed in your camera library. A similar version of the application is also available for other mobile phones.
After downloading the app from the iTunes Store, you can set up a free account on Photoshop.com to upload, save, and share photos processed in the mobile app. You can also save your photos back to your camera’s photo library.
Photoshop Mobile includes what you would expect from an Adobe image processing application: exposure, saturation, and tinting adjustment capabilities, a black-and-white conversion tool, plus eight different filters (Vibrant, Pop, Border, Vignette Blur, Warm Vintage, Rainbow, White Glow, and Soft Black and White) for enhancement or creative image effects. It also includes a tool for cropping, rotating, and flipping images.
Selecting the exposure or saturation tool, for example, involves sliding your finger across the screen a little to get the desired results, while other tools, such the black-and-white conversion or the filter applications entail simply clicking the tool to apply the effect.
The exposure adjustment works well as expected, further exposing and underexposing an image as needed. However, I was surprised to see that there’s no dedicated contrast or sharpening tool in the mix. The black-and-white conversion is straightforward and similar to how you use the black-and-white adjustment tool in a desktop version of Photoshop. But before making a monochrome conversion, you’ll want to make some exposure adjustments and maybe apply an appropriate filter, such the Vibrant setting, to improve contrast as much as possible.
As for the filters, the Vibrant effect works well, boosting the overall color saturation. However, filters like the Soft Focus and Vignette Blur lack the ability to control the direction or intensity of the effect, thus their application will be pretty much hit-and-miss depending on the photo you’re applying the filters to. Also, on the iPhone you need to turn the display into landscape mode in order to see two other filters, White Glow and Soft Black and White, that are hidden when viewing a photo in portrait mode. The app includes both a preview of the effect and an undo button to change back to the original photo.
You can click the red x button on the bottom left side of the application’s interface to undo all the adjustments you made, but once you save your adjustments you can’t undo them. It’s great, however, that when you select a photo from your photo library on your phone, Photoshop Mobile does not change the original; instead, it creates and saves a copy with all your applied adjustments.
A few missing features that could be added to Photoshop Mobile is the ability to copy and apply adjustments you make to one photo and apply them to one or more others, as you can in say Adobe Lightroom, or in another iPhone camera application called Best Camera. Also, if possible, being able to have control over the effects of filters would make them more useful.
While Photoshop Mobile won’t replace the counterpart Photoshop desktop applications, it does help to enhance camera images by adding some often needed contrast, vibrancy, and color saturation. Saving the photos to your Photoshop.com account is a quick easy way to archive them for safe keeping. So all this makes the mobile app a nice addition to a growing repertoire of iPhone camera applications.
If you’re an avid iPhone camera user, let us know what you think of this freeware image editor application.
The app is not available in the Israeli iTunes Store. I wonder why.
weird. But you can jump to other iTunes stores can't you? Just grab it from the US store.
Changed to U.S, but my internet is extremely slow right now, so I'll try tomorrow.
"Also, on the iPhone you need to turn the display into landscape mode in order to see two other filters"
Anon, you’re correct. When I was first using it, it didn’t scroll for me for some reason, so I assume that you had to put into landscape mode. I was using last night and it finally worked in portrait mode. But thanks for pointing that out.
Nice, unfortunately its not available in the UK store.
Since it's free, can't you switch over to the US store and get it from there?
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0.99706 |
Make too many of those turkey-bacon meatballs for your party? Here's a pretty obvious (but no less delicious) way to repurpose them: in a pasta sauce!
Cook the tomato paste with the onions until the mixture darkens, about 3 minutes. Be sure to stir it constantly so the paste doesn't burn.
I like this tomato sauce because it's pretty thick, which helps it stand up to the meatballs. I actually doubled the proportion of tomato paste from the original America's Test Kitchen recipe, which made it even thicker, as well as being a good way to use up any leftover tomato paste from making the meatballs. Win-win all around.
1. Bring a large pot of salted water to boil. Add pasta and cook according to package directions. Drain and set aside in large pot.
2. Heat olive oil in a large skillet or wide saucepan. Add onion and oregano and sauté until soft and starting to brown, about 10 minutes. Add tomato paste and cook, stirring constantly, for about 3 minutes until quite dark. Add garlic and cook another minute 30 seconds until fragrant. Add crushed tomatoes and broth, stirring to combine with onion/tomato paste mixture. Cover and reduce heat to medium-low to simmer for about 10 minutes. Season with salt and pepper.
3. When ready to serve, add meatballs, sauce and basil to large pot with pasta. Stir to combine. Serve in bowls topped with parmigiano-reggiano cheese.
Your pasta is always yummy. Thanks dear!
Reading your recipe for the first time, but impressed by it.
Thanks! It's a good dish and simple to make, especially if you already have the meatballs on hand.
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0.997391 |
What are the differences between Walleye and Northern Pike, if any?
Some people say Walleye are just Northern Pike…is that true?
Walleye and northern pike are as different as a perch and a trout. The only similarities people might mention are that the northern pike tastes as good as the walleye. The northern pike will eat the walleye as well as whitefish and chubs. A northern pike will attack almost anything you throw in the water, although a lure such as the daredevils in white and red or the yellow five of diamonds does work well for catching the northern. If any fish is similar to the northern, it is the muskie. The walleye are going to go for minnows, leeches or night crawlers as well as jigging spoons such as the Rapala. The walleye move around to different areas of rivers and lakes depending on the time of year and the time of day. A northern just sits and waits for its prey to come to it the same as a muskie. The only similarity between the two fish is that they both have some strong and powerful teeth. They have different coloring and different markings. The fishes that similar to the walleye are the sauger and suageye. If you are fishing for a walleye, chances are, you are not going to catch a northern pike. The northern pike likes their prey as big as two pounds, where a nice size minnow will attract the walleye without a doubt. If you look at the two fish, you see the difference between the walleye and the northern. Look at the teeth and you might be confused, but the color and characteristics are different.
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0.94752 |
Being stuck on a desert island with my five favorite discs? Sounds like paradise to me. The first CD is my personal favorite, No Need To Argue, by The Cranberries. I can listen to Dolores' angelic voice for days on end. The way she sings about lost loves, family and war really stirs up some great emotions. Another modern day classic is (What's The Story) Morning Glory? by Oasis. The way Noel Gallagher blends his creative lyrics and melodies on songs like "Wonderwall" and "Some Might Say" makes you want to hit the repeat button. Violator by Depeche Mode would be my third selection. The team of David Gahan and Martin Gore legitimize 80's pop music while being very hypnotic. Next is The Ultimate Collection by The Temptations. Songs like "My Girl" and "Ain't Too Proud To Beg" cheer me up however down I get. I may be jumping on the bandwagon with my next choice, but Abbey Road by the Beatles is a masterpiece. Their last recording together is a swan song that proves they truly are the greatest. Well, my CDs are packed, all I need now is my plane ticket and I'll be ready for paradise.
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0.918714 |
One of the hardest situations a local church can face is when the pastor leaves. This is especially challenging when the pastor leaves under difficult or negative circumstances. How can a church survive when a pastor leaves?
First, the church can survive by focusing on who the leader of the church truly is—Jesus Christ. Colossians 1:18 teaches, "And he is the head of the body, the church. He is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in everything he might be preeminent." Ephesians 5:23 adds, "For the husband is the head of the wife even as Christ is the head of the church, his body, and is himself its Savior." The loss of a pastor is difficult, yet Christ is the leader of the church and can help the congregation both survive and thrive in the days ahead.
Second, the church can continue by focusing on God's sovereign control of all things, including the loss of a pastor. God knows and understands the reasons for pastoral change, even when we do not. As Romans 8:28 declares, "And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose."
Third, the church should take time to evaluate why the pastor left. If the pastor left under negative conditions, changes may need to be made to prevent the same problem from occurring again.
Fourth, the church can focus on involving current members according to their abilities and gifts. The church is a body (1 Corinthians 12) and each member has a role to play. When a pastor leaves, it is especially important to focus on church members becoming more involved in needed areas of service, making sure the essential functions of the church are accomplished. In addition, a temporary plan for an interim pastor may be needed. A church's denomination often offers help in recommending a person for this role or help for weekly teachers until a new pastor is found.
Fifth, the church can take time to evaluate its future and refine its focus. All change is difficult, yet change can be highly beneficial when church members work together toward accomplishing God's goals for the church. A close look at the Great Commandment (Matthew 22:37-40), the Great Commission (Matthew 28:18-20), as well as the early church in Acts 2:42-47 and other passages can help offer insight into how to move forward in preparing for the next pastor.
Finally, a church can both survive and recover through a renewed prayer focus. If the church's ultimate leader is Christ, a focus on seeking His wisdom is essential for future help. Through dependence on the Lord, working together in unity, and planning for the future, a church can move forward in ways that make the future church far better than what it experiences after losing a pastor.
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0.962433 |
South Burlington City Hall is located at 575 Dorset Street, South Burlington, VT 05403; phone: 802-846-4107.
The City of South Burlington covers approximately 10,600 acres in the western part of Chittenden County. It is bounded to the northwest by Burlington, the largest city in Vermont. The Winooski River is the northern boundary between South Burlington, Colchester and Essex. To the east, Muddy Brook runs the entire length of South Burlington and separates the city from Williston. Shelburne bounds the city on the south. The southwest section of the city lies on Lake Champlain with 2 1/4 miles of shoreline.
South Burlington is a regional employment, trade, housing, and transportation center. It is also home to substantial natural resources and recreational facilities and programming, a high quality elementary, secondary, and higher education school system, and vibrant neighborhoods. The City is host to many visitors, having the most hotel rooms in the State.
South Burlington's geographic location, natural resources, and natural features have made it a desirable place for settlement for centuries. South Burlington lies between Lake Champlain, the Winooski River, and the Shelburne Pond watershed. South Burlington's location between these major drainage areas and bodies of water, as well as its natural resources, made the area naturally suited to occupation throughout prehistoric times. There is archaeological evidence that suggests human populations occupied the area as early as 8000 BC. With the arrival of European settlers at the close of the 18th century, South Burlington was transformed into a farming community. The area is well suited to agriculture due to its gently rolling, fertile soils. Industrial activity also arose around Winooski Falls and the natural lime rock was extracted and refined through kilns. Monkton quartzite was quarried from the eastern edge of the town and utilized in many Burlington foundations. The introduction of the Winooski Turnpike (now Williston Road) and a stagecoach route along what is now Hinesburg Road made South Burlington a central location in the early years of the 19th century. Some taverns and other commercial structures sprang up sporadically along these transportation routes.
Initially development included shared services and utilities with Burlington, which grew to be the financial and service center of the area. In 1865, South Burlington and Burlington became separate communities, with Burlington being the population and business hub and South Burlington being largely agrarian. Farmers brought their goods to Burlington and exchanged them for manufactured goods. The introduction of the railroad along the shores of Lake Champlain brought tourists to the area. Queen City Park became a popular religious summer camp and eventually developed a railroad stop of its own and the Burlington Trolley line was extended to service the area in the closing years of the 19th century. Growth continued slowly for South Burlington through the first years of the 20th century. With the introduction of the automobile, development shifted to major roads such as Williston Road. In 1919, work was begun on the airport which would become the Burlington International Airport. South Burlington began to become a transportation hub for Chittenden County. With the post-World War II economic expansion, development took off in both the commercial/industrial and residential sectors. Major residential neighborhoods close to the airport, begun prior to World War II, accelerated the pace of construction after the war during the 1940s and 1950s.
The community adopted zoning in 1947 in an effort to provide order to the exploding growth. Between 1940 and 1950, the city's population more than doubled. Pre-war efforts to extend municipal water services from Burlington came to fruition along Williston Road. Between 1950 and 1960, the population doubled again. Many businesses sprang up along Williston Road and Shelburne Road. Diners, motels, restaurants, as well as retail shops and offices began to line these popular strips. Many roadside businesses developed distinctive designs and signs to stand out to the motorist. Farmland was quickly converted to dense development. Conversely, areas such as Southeast Quadrant and the lakeshore saw little development during this time period.
South Burlington formally was granted city status in 1971.
South Burlington Vermont, Comprehensive Plan, 2016, www.sburl.com, accessed September, 2017.
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0.992588 |
What is the definition of "Irretrievable Breakdown"?
This is the only grounds or basis for the Dissolution of a Marriage in Washington. It is a simple statement meaning that the marriage is broken and no longer working.
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0.979595 |
Although nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycle naturally throughout the environment, an increase in levels of these particular pollutants, due to human activity, are occurring at concentrations which can put species at risk. Much of the increase is a result of various agricultural, industrial, and urban activities which generally fall into 2 categories: point and non-point source.
Point source pollutants, such as a municipal or industrial waste discharges, stem from a particular location. Since these discharges can be clearly identified, they are easier to regulate, monitor, and treat. Non-point source pollutants are transported over a broad area, through watersheds, making them difficult to identify, measure, and regulate. Sources include runoff from agricultural lands, construction sites, urban areas, and atmospheric deposition.
Pollutants in the air, water, and soil can influence organisms in many different ways, from altering the rate of plant growth to changing reproduction patterns to, in certain extreme situations, leading to extinction. Excess pollutants can also leave a species weakened, susceptible to other drivers of biodiversity loss such as habitat change or competition from invasive species. These elements make nutrient loading a complicated driver of biodiversity, especially within aquatic ecosystems where plants and marine organisms are disproportionately affected.
Nitrogen plays a key role in ecosystem health as it is a greenhouse gas, contributes to both acid precipitation and photochemical smog, and is a primary cause of eutrophication in coastal waters. The main source of excess nitrogen is through synthetic fertilizers used in agriculture, although improperly managed livestock operations and sewage leaks also play a role. According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), there has been a two-fold increase in nitrogen to the oceans and more than ten-fold increases in some rivers draining industrialized regions.
Excess phosphates, like nitrogen, also contribute to eutrophication by entering waterways through agricultural fertilizer runoff, untreated municipal sewage, and from industrial waste such as in small-scale mining. Since phosphorus is not highly soluble, it tends to settle on ocean floors and lake bottoms where it can stimulate overgrowth of plankton and weedy plants like algae. The organisms consume large amounts of dissolved oxygen, which has the potential to suffocate fish and other marine organisms, while also blocking available sunlight to bottom dwellers.
One-third of all atmospheric sulfur stems from human activity, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and processing of metals. Emissions from these activities, in addition to nitrogen, produce tiny particles which fall as acid precipitation which damages forests and crops by slowing plant growth and reproduction and changing the makeup of soil. It can also contribute to changing the pH of lakes and streams, making them too acidic for fish to survive.
Continued exposure to these and other pollutants has the ability to significantly decrease the diversity of plants and animals in a variety of ecosystems over time. Since the sources of pollution vary as much as the effects, regulation is often complex. The majority of current laws attempt to regulate the concentration of pollutants allowed to enter the environment. However, conflicts often arise when there are multiple sources which contribute to the rise of a certain pollutant or when negative outcomes are difficult to measure and/or inconsistent across species.
Aside from the regulation of pollutants, there are a variety of other options that could be utilized to help mitigate the amount of nutrient loading, especially in oceans and waterways. These include the elimination of agricultural subsidies which many claim help promote the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides, a worldwide increase in the use of sustainable farming methods and technologies, and the maintenance and/or restoration of wetlands that helps to buffer nutrient loading. While these options may raise controversy, it is likely that any successful effort to decrease nutrient loading will include the combined use of many options in order to meet the varied needs of diverse ecosystems.
This Environmental Protection Agency webpage describes major pollutants that threaten marine biodiversity.
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources explains the difference between nutrient load and nutrient concentration, and illustrates how nutrient loading is impacting the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
The Mississippi River Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force describes how hypoxia (a lack of oxygen) caused by nutrient overload can create dead zones and impact marine organisms.
Presented by the Centre for Air Transport and the Environment, this online encyclopedia describes how acid rain is detrimental to trees and wildlife.
The World Water Assessment Programme’s World Water Development Report 2 identifies and maps areas where sewage, livestock, deposition, fixation, and fertilizers are the main source of nitrogen loading.
NOAA integrates information on eutrophication conditions, pollutant sources and loadings, population, and sediment contamination into downloadable datasets and maps by estuary and/or coastal watershed.
The Environmental Protection Agency provides information on impaired waters and regulating TMDL (the maximum amount of a specific pollutant a body of water can receive) under the Clean Water Act.
Under the TSCA, the Environmental Protection Agency regulates and tracks industrial chemicals that are produced in or imported to the United States.
Signed by 150 nations at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, this treaty commits countries to sustainable development, intended to reduce the effects of drivers of biodiversity loss. The official website provides information on the convention, what it means, and how implementation is working.
Signed by 152 countries, including the U.S., this treaty banned the use of eight persistent organic pollutant (POP) pesticides. Although the treaty only addresses human health, its passing includes beneficial impacts for other species as well as for the environment.
In 2009, watermen in two states, the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, and five other parties intend to go to federal court to force the EPA to enforce the law requiring pollution reduction in the waters of Chesapeake Bay, the nation’s largest estuary.
The European Union regulates chemicals through the REACH agreement, which also requires companies to provide information on how various chemicals affect both human health and the environment.
This site allows the user to enter a zip code to find out what pollutants are being released in a particular community, which toxic chemicals are most harmful, and/or where the highest concentrations of different pollutants are throughout the U.S.
The University of Georgia’s College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences developed a lab exercise on the effects of acid rain. Instructions, goals, and sample questions are provided for middle and high school levels.
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Global Biodiversity Outlook 2. UNEP: Montreal, 2006.
World Resources Institute. “Nutrient Overload: Unbalancing the Global Nitrogen Cycle,” World Resources 1998-1999: Environmental change and human health, May 1998.
World Water Assessment Programme. “Chapter 5: Coastal and Freshwater Ecosystems,” Water, a shared responsibility: the United Nations World Water Development Report 2, UNEP, 2006.
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0.999984 |
Mitä itse mekkoon tulee, se on aivan ihana. Mekon materiaalia mainostettiin kovasti erityisen joustavana, joten arvoin vähän kokojen UK 20 ja UK 18 välillä. Lady V:n Lyra-mekkoni ovat kokoa UK 18, mutta muut omistamani mekot (Maria ja Verena) ovat kokoa UK 20. Päädyin lopulta tässäkin siihen isompaan kokoon, ja se oli ihan hyvä valinta. Epäilen, että UK 18 olisi ollut liian tiukka rinnan kohdalta.
Mukavaa viikkoa ja hyvää lomaa niille onnekkaille, jotka aloittivan lomailun juhannuksesta!
In English: Today I'm introducing my latest Lady V London purchase: the Aurora. I fell in love with it the minute I saw it, and when it went on clearance I knew I had to have it. Obviously, the price in euros is even lower now because of the whole Brexit thing; I think I paid around 28 € for the dress and now the price is 24,95 €. There aren't many sizes left on the blue version but they also have a khaki version and a black version.
Anyway, on to the dress itself. I really, really like it. It was said to be super stretchy but I still went for the UK 20 to be safe, and I'm glad I did because UK 18 would have probably been too tight on the bust. The 20 fits me perfectly, except for the neckline where there is a bit of extra room in the front. However, being between sizes I'm used to little things like that, and it doesn't really bother me.
Otherwise, the fit is perfect and I'm glad I added this to my growing Lady V London collection.
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0.936896 |
How does high cholesterol come about? Sometimes, it's a predisposition you are born with. It does run in some families, in which case, even more care is necessary to bring it down. It can also be a result of smoking or eating a high fat diet. Lack of exercise and being obese could also see your cholesterol levels spiraling! The reason high cholesterol is a source of worry is the fact that it is, very often, the cause for serious complications like cardiac ailments. Most people look at a low cholesterol diet as a diet restriction.
It is not, in fact so. It just is a healthy diet. It just requires a little bit of tweaking as regards your regular everyday diet. It can also add a lot more variety to your diet if you allow yourself to look around and experiment. The first rule is to lower the fats in your food. Look at the labels on the supermarket shelves for fat content and pick the lowest.
Put in a lot more fruits and vegetables into your cart. Walk past the products that are fried in or contain trans fats. Today, a lot of manufacturers are putting this information on the label.
When your problem is high cholesterol, trans fats can be lethal. These are basically partially hydrogenated oils and they are used in so many products because they are supposed to add taste! And it is ubiquitous - you'll find it in cookies, cakes, potato crisps, etc. When you are in the snacks area, choose baked over fried products. Try and avoid the "white" refined stuff.
Whole grain flour is definitely better that white. Substitute some of the sugary items with dried fruits or use natural sweeteners like honey or molasses. Skim milk is preferable to full-fat milk as is lean meat like chicken and turkey to the regular red meats. Try and poach, boil, broil, saute or bake instead of frying. Choose oils like olive oil which is high in unsaturated fat, which actually helps lower cholesterol levels. Make mealtimes colorful and appetizing.
Just because you've cut down on the fat, the meats and the sugar is no occasion to mourn. Dress up whatever you serve so it looks good to eat. Make sure you have large helpings of vegetables and fruit and serve them so they look great.
A vinaigrette dressing can spice up a salad. A fruit salad topped with honey and chopped nuts makes a great dessert. So does a fruit ice. Alcohol and smoking are best avoided.
Cut down on the salt you use as well. Do remember to check the labels of all your food items so they are "low" in everything - fats, carbohydrates, calories. If you eat out a lot, choose restaurants that specialize in low fat food. Most of all, don't be too hard on yourself.
Make the lifestyle change slowly but surely. If you cut everything you love out of your life, you'll hate the new diet. Let yourself get used to it and you'll find you begin to love it!.
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0.999967 |
Moments of good AI in games?
Besides graphics, artificial intelligence in games can also be a selling point. The element most commonly associated with AI might be enemies, but it can also be NPCs, like how a crowd reacts to the player running through them or doing something dangerous in their midst.
I was playing Dark Souls one day. I stood still and an enemy that was a floor below noticed me, and it was smart enough to navigate the area and come out a window above me and get the drop on my character. I was hearing noise around my character up to that point, and I was wondering what that noise was, lol. Turns out it was him.
Any general examples of good AI in video games? It can be an isolated incident that speaks to the quality of the game's AI design, or a moment when the AI was particularly smart, but it can also just be the game as a whole.
Middle-Earth: Shadow of Mordor and Middle-Earth: Shadow of War became two of my favourite games thanks to their brilliant use of AI with their Nemesis System. I highly recommend playing it if you haven't already. Although the games don't appeal to me, I think the popular gaming franchise The Sims meets the criteria too.
Many shooter games have good AI characters. They sometimes hit me even when I'm already ducking or hiding behind a wall. I hate it when that happens because I was beaten by an AI.
AI algorithms (procedural content generation) have changed the way we perceive video gaming. I remember watching a demo of 'No Man's Sky' and was amazed at how AI was being used to general a countless number of planets, for players exploring the galaxy. AI is such a great game-changer!
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0.954114 |
M16A1: So, these are those recordings?
AR15: Don't mind them. Next, this is the last one we found?
AR15: I know what it means, the problem is….
M16A1: It doesn't make sense, but there's no need to make sense of it.
M16A1: The important thing is, the question of what exactly comes out of combining all these Audio Files.
M4A1: Using the method Ms. Kalina told me, I already have combined the files after decrypting them.
M4 SOPMOD II: Eh? M4 really learned it quickly; I couldn't make sense of it when Ms. Kalina told me about it.
AR15: Can't be helped. Your AI efficiency is only around that level.
M4 SOPMOD II: Then were you able to learn it, AR-15!?
AR15: I….I have no need for cheap tricks like that, you see.
M16A1: Quit it. M4, what did you find?
M4A1: After that, I obtained a new file.
M16A1: Just as I speculated, right?
M4A1: …...Yes, it was that operation we were progressing back then.
M4A1: They recorded everything about us without a single omission.
M4A1: We don't know who it is, nor how they did it, and we have no idea why they did this.
M16A1: There are several clues, but it doesn't seem like it will turn over anything that 'they' would find useful.
AR15: In short, these files are of no use to us?
M4 SOPMOD II: But….won't the be of help to the Commander?
M16A1: …...AR-15, put this file in the Complete List of Conspiracy System.
M16A1: That way the record of it being replayed won't remain, and we can lower the chances of it being discovered by the Grifon Headquarters.
AR15: Got it. M4, go tell the Commander. Let's meet after.
M4A1: Hello Commander. This is an item from me.
M4A1: ….Yes, this is the truth that we were unable to tell because of our lack of permission…….
M4A1: The reason why AR Platoon was pursued by the SF, the entire story….
M4A1: Now then, we will prepare immediately. Toward our memory in the past….
Episode 0 Opened. Please select it directly in the past records.
This page was last modified on 23 January 2018, at 04:59.
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0.999995 |
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, prices for used cars and trucks were 23.01% higher in 2018 versus 1984 (a $10,814.18 difference in value).
Between 1984 and 2018: Used cars and trucks experienced an average inflation rate of 0.61% per year. In other words, used cars and trucks costing $47,000 in the year 1984 would cost $57,814.18 in 2018 for an equivalent purchase. Compared to the overall inflation rate of 2.63% during this same period, inflation for used cars and trucks was lower.
Therefore, according to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, $47,000 in 1984 has the same "purchasing power" as $57,814.18 in 2018 (in the CPI category of Used cars and trucks).
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0.951738 |
Why the 2018 Tesla Model 3?
Handling is super sharp. It reminds me of a 2017 Cayman I drove. There are three steering modes: comfort, standard, and sport. Comfort is too light and twitchy and standard is perfect. Sport is only good if you are on a twisty road or like a heavy steering. The Continental ProContact tires are very grippy on dry pavement. Combined with the quick acceleration, it is easily the most fun compact sport sedan on the market. It has the thickest steering wheel I've ever felt in a car. The car feels incredibly stable because it has a low center of gravity and the tires are wide.
The 12 way power driver and passenger seats are very comfortable and the side bolstering is just right. The "vegan leather" in the car feels softer than real leather. I don't know how well it will hold up. My Prius has another type of this leather and that driver's seat has held up better than any leather seat I've sat in.
Possibly the best part of any Tesla is that over the air updates happen constantly. They fix bugs and add new features to the car. Tesla owners can tweet Elon Musk and ask for more features all of the suggestions so far have been possible due to the fact that Tesla future-proofed their car by including hardware for future features before they roll out as a software update.
Everything in the car is controlled by the screen except the hazards, windows, and seat controls. Even the side mirrors and steering wheel are controlled through the screen, and some of the features can be controlled through the two steering wheel knobs. The way Tesla designed the infotainment system's layout is intuitive, but there are still some actions that drivers need to perform quicker because I feel like I have to take my eyes off the road for one second too long to close a menu. It doesn't seem like there would be a way around this, however.
If you are not tech-savvy, do not buy this car. It isn't hard to use, but there are way to many features on the car that will blow people's minds if you aren't.
The navigation is Google Maps and is probably the best in-dash navigation on the market, especially on this 15" screen. The screen is bright enough in direct sunlight (auto-dimming).
Speaking of sunlight, the roof is all glass except for the small 3" wide support beam that crosses the middle. I was worried that this would be a deal breaker because in SoCal it gets sunny and hot. Fortunately, it is perfectly tinted and is beautiful. It is one of my favorite features in the car.
I opted for Autopilot and despite the crashes you hear in the news, the drivers are never holding the steering wheel. You are supposed to hold the steering wheel. It has worked very well for me, even on a curved 2-lane highway. Tesla is pushing out software updates every few weeks and is decreasing the amount of time you can take your hand off the wheel. I think it is around 15 seconds now.
The amount of technology in the car is probably the best part about it. It feels like more of a gadget than a car, and that is because it is.
We really like the interior styling. It is simplistic, but I think it will age well over the next 10 years. I wanted to wait for the white interior, but that is coming later this year. The black seats get hot quickly and don't look as good. The piano black plastic on the center console is high quality, but scratches easily.
Why Not the 2018 Tesla Model 3?
The back seat cushion is too low, which means there is no thigh support and your knees are level with your chest. There is also no foot room, but there is enough leg room. The rest of the backseat is comfortable, but the lack of foot room and low cushion are annoying.
Teslas are some of the most expensive cars to insure.
The rear trunk is spacious for a Sedan. The frunk is small and the hood for the trunk is very hard to close. It may be broken, but I have to put most of my weight into the hood to latch it into place. I haven't used the frunk since we got the car for this reason. It is an afterthought.
They market it as being a $35k affordable car, but obviously they start with producing the most expensive model. Currently, you have to buy the Long Range ($9k) with the Premium Package ($5k). So you have a $49k car to start with. We wanted the $1,500 upgrade wheels and the Autopilot ($5k), so the final price was over $56k. After rebates, it is $46k. If you wait until Tesla produces 200,000 cars, you'll lose the rebate, so it is worth it to buy the fully loaded model now instead of waiting. They are selling quickly; the Model 3 outsold the Mercedes C-Class and BMW 3 series in California.
The build quality on the Model 3s are very good now. There are no panel gaps on ours and the interior is put together very well. The earlier ones had some unacceptable panel gaps and paint mismatches.
The ride is smooth, but firm. It is perfect in this car because it helps handling and is still comfortable as a daily driver. Even with the 19" wheels, the ride is smooth. In February, Tesla retuned the suspension and increased ride quality in response to the Consumer Reports criticism.
The interior is pretty quiet. There is some wind noise on the freeway, but it isn't annoying. I think it would match a BMW 3 series, but a C Class or A4 would probably be quieter. Of course, when accelerating the Tesla is quieter than all of them. Tire noise is almost non-existant, surprising given the low profile tires.
Congrats on the new car! I'd forgotten you were getting a Model 3 (if I ever knew). Thanks for posting this review.
It does look like part of it got center-justified. Let me know if you can't fix this with editing.
Also, any chance of additional pics?
Thanks! I tried pushing it to the left, but I couldn't find the button to do that. Also, I uploaded 7 or 8 pictures and only the two interior pictures show up. There are two boxes with a small "?" where the pictures should be I think. I'll try again. I uploaded pictures to the "photos" section of the website and there was a duplicate. I also decreased the file size to around 500KB from 3 MB and tried (if that makes a difference). It still didn't work.
Yeah, make sure you get the latest updates as Consumer Reports has found out they are quick to fix something like longer than average braking that should have never left the proven ground test track.
The tear down said the suspension down is very good. But upward is a joke and more like kit car or rush job by Musk.
Sorry for the trouble. What resolution are the photos? I used to size mine 700x420, and then I could upload 20 at once. Sizing them 1500x900 I think the limit is around six at a time.
On the justification, I've seen this before, can't remember the cause. Was the text pasted in from somewhere else?
Originally they were 4032 x 3024, then decreased to 1440 x 1080. I got one of the exterior photos to show at 1080. I'll size them all smaller. I wrote it all myself, not pasted from somewhere else. It looks like I did though in that one part though.
Norm, the Munro tear down was performed on a 2017 car. Since then, they have changed the car a lot. It has new seats and they are using different materials to put the car together. It used to have a more firm suspension, but they tuned it to be more soft (in response to CR). They are using a new windshield with the 2018 cars to improve sound insulation. That video (and website) was sponsored by ExxonMobil, so I understand why they are not happy that EVs are the future.
I uploaded 1024 x 768 and it is the same pictures that show up. Maybe it has to refresh so I'll wait. I got three pictures up there which is good enough.
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0.943837 |
Places and geographical objects in Ivory_Coast. Zoom in the map to level 7 to see the objects on the map.
Ivory Coast (/ˌaɪvəri ˈkoʊst/) or Côte d'Ivoire (/ˌkoʊt dᵻˈvwɑːr/; KOHT dee-VWAHR; [kot divwaʁ]), officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (French: République de Côte d'Ivoire), is a country in West Africa. Ivory Coast's political capital is Yamoussoukro, and its economic capital and largest city is the port city of Abidjan. Prior to its colonization by Europeans, Ivory Coast was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire, and Baoulé. Two Anyi kingdoms, Indénié and Sanwi, attempted to retain their separate identity through the French colonial period and after independence. Ivory Coast became a protectorate of France in 1843–44 and was later formed into a French colony in 1893 amid the European scramble for Africa. Ivory Coast achieved independence in 1960, led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny, who ruled the country until 1993. It maintained close political and economic association with its West African neighbors while at the same time maintaining close ties to the West, especially France. Since the end of Houphouët-Boigny's rule in 1993, Ivory Coast has experienced one coup d'état, in 1999, and two religion-grounded civil wars. The first took place between 2002 and 2007 and the second during 2010-2011. Ivory Coast is a republic with a strong executive power invested in its president. Through the production of coffee and cocoa, the country was an economic powerhouse in West Africa during the 1960s and 1970s. Ivory Coast went through an economic crisis in the 1980s, contributing to a period of political and social turmoil. The 21st-century Ivorian economy is largely market-based and still relies heavily on agriculture, with smallholder cash-crop production being dominant. The official language is French, with local indigenous languages also widely used, including Baoulé, Dioula, Dan, Anyin, and Cebaara Senufo. The main religions are Islam, Christianity (primarily Roman Catholicism), and various indigenous religions.Ivory Coast (/ˌaɪvəri ˈkoʊst/) or Côte d'Ivoire (/ˌkoʊt dᵻˈvwɑːr/; KOHT dee-VWAHR; [kot divwaʁ]), officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (French: République de Côte d'Ivoire), is a country in West Africa. Ivory Coast's political capital is Yamoussoukro, and its economic capital and largest city is the port city of Abidjan. Prior to its colonization by Europeans, Ivory Coast was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire, and Baoulé. Two Anyi kingdoms, Indénié and Sanwi, attempted to retain their separate identity through the French colonial period and after independence. Ivory Coast became a protectorate of France in 1843–44 and was later formed into a French colony in 1893 amid the European scramble for Africa. Ivory Coast achieved independence in 1960, led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny, who ruled the country until 1993. It maintained close political and economic association with its West African neighbors while at the same time maintaining close ties to the West, especially France. Since the end of Houphouët-Boigny's rule in 1993, Ivory Coast has experienced one coup d'état, in 1999, and two religion-grounded civil wars. The first took place between 2002 and 2007 and the second during 2010-2011. Ivory Coast is a republic with a strong executive power invested in its president. Through the production of coffee and cocoa, the country was an economic powerhouse in West Africa during the 1960s and 1970s. Ivory Coast went through an economic crisis in the 1980s, contributing to a period of political and social turmoil. The 21st-century Ivorian economy is largely market-based and still relies heavily on agriculture, with smallholder cash-crop production being dominant. The official language is French, with local indigenous languages also widely used, including Baoulé, Dioula, Dan, Anyin, and Cebaara Senufo. The main religions are Islam, Christianity (primarily Roman Catholicism), and various indigenous religions.
Yamoussoukro Autonomous District Yamoussoukro (/ˌjæmʊˈsuːkroʊ/) is the political capital and administrative capital city of Ivory Coast and an autonomous district of the country. As of the 2014 preliminary census, the district had a population of 355,573 inhabitants. Located 240 kilometers (150 mi) north-west of Abidjan, the administrative centre on the coast, upon rolling hills and plains, the municipality covers 3,500 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi). The current governor of the district is Augustin Thiam. Yamoussoukro is pronounced \Yam-So-Kro\ by Ivorians. It is rarer to hear \Ya-Mu-So-Kro\; the second u is silent.
Bas-Sassandra Bas-Sassandra District (French: District du Bas-Sassandra) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the southwest part of the country. The capital of the district is San-Pédro.
Comoe Comoé District (French: District du Comoé) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the southeast corner of the country, bordering Ghana to the east, Zanzan District to the north, Lacs District and Lagunes District to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. The capital of the district is Abengourou.
Denguele Denguélé District (French: District du Denguélé) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northwest corner of the country. The capital of the district is Odienné.
Goh-Djiboua Gôh-Djiboua District (French: District du Gôh-Djiboua) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the southwest corner of the country. The capital of the district is Gagnoa.
Lacs Lacs District (French: District des Lacs) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the central part of the country. The capital of the district is Dimbokro.
Lagunes Lagunes District (French: District des Lagunes) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the southern part of the country. The capital of the district is Dabou.
Montagnes Montagnes District (French: District des Montagnes) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the eastern part of the country, bordering Liberia and Guinea to the east, Woroba District to the north, Sassandra-Marahoué District to the west, and Bas-Sassandra District to the south. The capital of the district is Man.
Sassandra-Marahoue Sassandra-Marahoué District (French: District du Sassandra-Marahoué) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the central part of the country. The capital of the district is Daloa.
Savanes Savanes District (French: District des Savanes) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northernmost part of the country. The capital of the district is Korhogo.
Vallee du Bandama Vallée du Bandama District (French: District de la Vallée du Bandama) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the north-central part of the country. The capital of the district is Bouaké.
Woroba Woroba District (French: District du Woroba) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northeast part of the country. The capital of the district is Séguéla.
Zanzan Zanzan District (French: District du Zanzan) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northeast of the country. The capital of the district is Bondoukou.
Abidjan Abidjan is the economic capital of Ivory Coast and the most populous French-speaking city in West Africa. According to the 2014 Ivory Coast census, Abidjan's population was 4.7 million, which is 20 percent of the overall population of the country. Within West Africa, only Lagos, the former capital of Nigeria, surpasses Abidjan in population. Considered the cultural crossroads of West Africa, Abidjan is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation.
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What is the clinical effectiveness of residential treatment for individuals with substance use disorders?
Two systematic reviews and one randomized controlled trial were identified describing the clinical effectiveness of residential treatment for individuals with substance use disorders. In addition, three randomized controlled trials describing ineligible comparisons, but reporting eligible before-after data (and therefore assessed as non-randomized studies) were included in the report. No eligible studies examined the clinical effectiveness of residential treatment in Indigenous populations. Evidence of limited quality from the included studies suggested that residential treatment may improve substance use, severity of substance misuse, and associated cravings. Furthermore, residential treatment was equally or more effective than other less intensive treatment modalities.
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0.940983 |
The education system in New Zealand is a three-tier model which includes primary schools, followed by secondary schools (high schools) and tertiary education at universities and/or polytechnics. The academic year in New Zealand varies between institutions, but generally runs from late January until mid-December for primary schools, secondary schools, and polytechnics, and from late February until mid-November for universities.
In 2009, the Programme for International Student Assessment, published by the OECD, ranked New Zealand 7th best at science and reading in the world, and 13th in maths. The Education Index, published as part of the UN's Human Development Index consistently ranks New Zealand among the highest in the world. However, this index appears to be based primarily on the average number of years that children spend at school rather than their level of achievement.
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Māori ran schools to pass on tradition knowledge including songs, chants, tribal history, spiritual understanding and knowledge of medicinal plants. These wānanga were usually run by elders called tohunga, respected for their tribal knowledge and teaching was confined to the rangatira (chiefly) class. Reading and writing were unknown, but wood carving was well developed.
Formal European-style schooling was first introduced in 1815 and was well established in 1832 by the London Missionary Society missionaries, who learnt Maori and built the first schools in the Bay of Islands. Both children and adults were taught. The main resources were the Christian New Testament and slates, and teaching was in Maori. For many year the bible was the only literature used in teaching, and this became a major factor in how Maori viewed the European world. In the 1850s a Maori trade school was established at Te Awamutu by John Gorst to teach Maori practical skills associated with European-style farming, but in 1863 was burnt down by Rewi Maniapoto in the early stages of New Zealand Wars.
In 1853 missionaries Mr and Mrs Ashwell had been running a school for 50 Maori girls for 3 years at Taupiri in the Waikato, teaching arithmetic and reading.
By 1860, 75% of Maori could read in Maori and 33% could write in Maori.
Teaching by missionaries and in Native schools was in Maori between 1815 and 1900. The Young Maori Party MPs, especially Sir Maui Pomare and Ngata, advocated the teaching of Maori children using English, as well as teaching hygiene to lower the Maori sickness and death rates. Pomare was knighted after WW1 for his fearless work in improving Maori learning and integration of Maori into New Zealand society.
Free primary and secondary education is a right for all New Zealand citizens, and those entitled to live in New Zealand indefinitely, from a student's 5th birthday until the end of the calendar year following the student's 19th birthday, and compulsory between their 6th and 16th birthdays. In some special cases, an exemption can be gained after applying to the Ministry of Education (MOE). These may be granted to students who are close to 16, have been experiencing some ongoing difficulty at school, and have a job already lined up. However, the vast majority of students (around 82%) stay in secondary school until at least their 17th birthday. Families wishing to home-school their children can apply for exemption. To get an exemption from enrollment at a registered school, they must satisfy the Secretary of Education that their child will be taught "as regularly and as well as in a registered school".
All schools have a socioeconomic ranking commonly called a decile ranking that goes from 10—most wealthy—to 1—poorest. The ranking is reviewed about every 5 years. Factors taken into consideration are income, types of jobs, percentage on a benefit, parents qualifications. Schools with high rating receive less funds from Government than low rating schools. The system is not a ranking of student or school performance but high decile schools tend to have mainly high functioning academic students who do well in systems such as NCEA. Lower decile secondary schools produce significantly lower NCEA scores on average although there are some notable exceptions. Low decile schools are able to employ specialized teachers to address learning disabilities because of the extra funding. Lower decile school charge lower voluntary fees while high decile secondary schools often charge voluntary fees in the $300–500 Per Annum range. Lower decile schools can often afford more teachers so class size is smaller. Higher decile school have mainly European and Asian pupils whereas low decile school pupils are mainly Maori and Pacific Islanders. Over the years that the ranking system has been operating the number of pakeha students in low decile school has halved.
A recent proposal by the New Zealand Government, called Schools Plus, would see students required to remain in some form of education until age 18. Disabled students with special educational needs can stay until the end of the calendar year they turn 21.
Most students start when they turn 5, and remain in school for the full 13 years. Students living more than 4.8 kilometres walking distance from the nearest school (or public transport to school) may be exempted from attending school but may be required to enrol in a correspondence school. Many schools outside the main centres contract public transport operators to provide school buses that deliver students to the school gate in the morning and home again at the end of the school day. In the main centres, these are usually only contracted to routes which regular public transport routes don't run.
Between 2000 and 2007, most New Zealand schools moved towards designating school class levels based on the years of schooling of the student cohort. The introduction of NCEA in the early 2000s, computerised enrolment and school roll return guideline changes, amongst others, have been drivers for this change. Before this, a system of Forms, Standards and Juniors or Primers was used. Although those older terms are no longer used for most school administration they still appear in education legislation, at some (mainly independent) schools, and in talk with older generations, who often prefer to use the terms they are more familiar with. However, one should ask today's students "Which year are you in?" rather than "Which form are you in?", as many will confuse "form" with form class.
There are 13 academic year levels, numbered 1 through to 13. Students turning five enter at Year 1 if they begin school at the beginning of the school year or before the cut-off date (31 March in legislation, later for most schools). Students who turn five late in the year might stay in Year 1 for the next school year depending on their academic progress. The Ministry of Education draws a distinction between academic and funding year levels, the latter being based on when a student first starts school—students first starting school after July, so do not appear on the July roll returns, so are classified as being in Funding Year 0 that year, so they are recorded as being in Year 1 on the next year's roll returns. Students in Years 7 and 8 may attend an Intermediate School which provides a transition from primary schooling to secondary schooling. The last year of primary schooling is Year 8, and students must vacate Year 8 by the end of the school year after their 14th birthday (although most students are 12–13 when they transition to secondary school). The first year of secondary education is Year 9. The Ministry of Education requires that a student's funding year and academic year are aligned in years 7, 8, and 9, irrespective of when they first started school. Students who do not achieve sufficient credits in NCEA may or may not repeat Year 11, 12 or 13, while attempting to attain credits not achieved in NCEA—repeating a year often depends on what credit have been attained and what NCEA levels the majority of study is at. Year 13 is seen as the traditional end of secondary school, with an extra funding year available for students who choose to remain after Year 13.
Under the old system of Forms, Standards and Juniors, there were two Junior years followed by four Standard years in primary school, followed by seven Forms. Forms 1 and 2 were in intermediate school and the remaining five were in secondary school.
While there is overlap in some schools, primary school traditionally runs from Year 1 to Year 8 and secondary school from Year 9 to Year 13. Depending on the area, Years 7 and 8 may be taken either at a 'full' primary school (in contrast to a Year 1–6 'contributing' primary school), a separate intermediate school, or at a Year 7–13 secondary school. Schools catering for both primary school and secondary school students (Years 1 to 13) are common among private schools, and also state schools in areas where the population doe not justify separate primary and secondary schools (the latter are termed 'area schools').
Contributing Primary school: Years 1–6 (ages 5–11). There are no private contributing primaries.
Full Primary school: Years 1–8 (ages 5–13). Common among integrated and private schools.
Intermediate school: Years 7–8 (ages 10–13). Only two non-state intermediate schools exist.
Secondary school: Years 9–13 (ages 12–18).
Year 7–13 secondary school or Secondary school with intermediate: Years 7–13 (ages 10–18). Common among integrated and private schools, and state schools in Invercargill and South Island provincial areas.
Composite school or Area school: Years 1–13 (ages 5–18). Common among integrated and private schools.
There are some schools that fall outside the traditional year groupings. All of the following types of schools are rare, with less than ten of each type existing.
Correspondence school: Preschool – Year 13 (Preschool – age 19). Serves distance education, for those in remote areas or for individual subjects not offered by a school. The only school of this type is the national correspondence school: Te Aho o Te Kura Pounamu.
Special school: Preschool – age 21. Serves special education to those with intellectual impairments, visual or hearing impairments, or learning and social difficulties, who receive Ongoing Resourcing Scheme (ORS) funding.
Teen parent unit: Years 9–15 (age 12–19). Serves teenage parents in continuing secondary school education. They are under the jurisdiction of a hosting secondary school, but are largely autonomous.
State and state-integrated schools are government-funded. Private schools may receive some funding from the government (between $1013 and $2156 per student per year in 2013, GST exclusive), but largely rely on tuition fees. State-integrated schools are former private schools which have "integrated" into the state system under the Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975 "on a basis which will preserve and safeguard the special character of the education provided by them". According to the Ministry of Education, in July 2012, 84.8% of all school-aged children attend state schools, 11.4% attend state-integrated schools and 3.8% attend private schools.
Parents may home-school their own children if they can prove that their child will be "taught at least as regularly and as well as in a registered school", and receive an annual grant to help with costs, including services from The Correspondence School. The percentage of children home-schooled is well under 2% even in the Nelson region, the area where the concept is most popular, but there are many local and national support-groups.
While the state covers tuition for New Zealand citizens and residents, students ordinarily pay for course materials and related costs, though these are not compulsory when related to the curriculum. Also, almost all schools charge a tax deductible "donation" that most parents pay. Private or independent schools charge tuition fees while state-integrated schools may charge an additional levy ("attendance dues") for the upkeep of school buildings. International students holding valid student visas can also enrol in state-funded schools, provided they pay the appropriate international student tuition fees. Because Australian citizens and permanent residents do not require visas to study in New Zealand, they class as domestic students and therefore do not pay international fees. A number of schools use international student fees to supplement their state funding. Charter school are state funded school which operate outside the normal state system. They began in 2014 with 5 small schools. Charter schools do not have to operate with any registered or trained teachers. Teachers do not have to have current practicing certificates.They do not have to have a principal.They are allowed to be profit making. They do not follow the national curriculum. They receive approximately 3 times the level of funding per student than normal state schools. If the charter school role drops during the year the school keep the extra funding unlike normal state schools where funding is matched to students actually attending. If a charter school fails the management/owners are allowed to keep the land and buildings and other capital assets. Charter schools have less compliance with regulations than State schools although teachers must undergo a police vetting.
See also Charter schools in New Zealand.
Geographically based state school enrolment schemes were abolished in 1991 by the Fourth National Government and the Education Amendment Act 1991. Although this greatly opened up the choice of schools for students, it had undesirable consequences. Popular high-decile schools experienced large roll growths, while less popular low-decile school experienced roll declines. Schools could operate a roll limit if there was a risk of overcrowding, but enrollments under this scheme were on a "first come, first served" basis, potentially excluding local students.
The Education Amendment Act 2000, enacted by the Fifth Labour Government, partially solved this problem by putting in place a new "system for determining enrolment of students in circumstances where a school has reached its roll capacity and needs to avoid overcrowding." Schools which operate enrolment schemes have a geographically defined "home zone". Residence in this zone, or in the school's boarding house (if it has one) gives right of entry to the School. Students who live outside the school's home zone can be admitted, if there are places available, in the following order of priority: special programmes; siblings of currently enrolled students; siblings of past students; children of past students; children of board employees and staff; all other students. If there are more applications than available places then selection must be through a randomly drawn ballot. The system is complicated by some state schools having boarding facilities for students living beyond the school's zone. Typically these students live in isolated farming regions in New Zealand, or their parents may live or work partly overseas. Many secondary schools offer limited scholarships to their boarding establishment to attract talented students in imitation of private school practice.
As of September 2010, 700 of New Zealand's 2550 primary and secondary schools operate an enrolment scheme, while the remaining 1850 schools are "open enrolment", meaning any student can enrol in the school without rejection. Enrolment schemes mostly exist in major towns and cities where school density is high and school choice is active; they rarely exist for primary schools in rural areas and secondary schools outside the major towns and cities, where school density is low and school choice is limited by the distance to the nearest alternative school.
Critics have suggested that the system is fundamentally unfair as it restricts the choice for parents to choose schools and schools to choose their students although it does allow all students living in the community to have entry, as of right, regardless of their academic or social profile. In addition, there is evidence that property values surrounding some more desirable schools become inflated, thus restricting the ability of lower socio-economic groups to purchase a house in the zone, though this is off set by the fact that students are accepted from rental accommodation or from homes where they are boarding with a bona fide relative or friend living in the zone. Some parents have purposely flouted zone boundaries by giving false addresses, such as that of a business they own in the zone, or by renting homes in the zone only through the enrolment process and moving out before the student commences school. Schools are now requesting rates invoices, tenancy agreements, or power and telephone bills from parents to prove their residential address, Some schools have gone as far as requiring parents to make a statutory declaration before a Justice of the Peace or similar that they live in the school zone, which makes it impossible for a parent to cheat the zone without also committing a criminal offence (making a false statutory declaration is punishable by up to three years' imprisonment).
While English is the dominant language of education throughout New Zealand, this was not always the case, and in recent years there have been ongoing efforts to raise the availability of Māori language education in New Zealand as one of New Zealand's three official languages.
Prior to the arrival of the first European settlers in what would become New Zealand, traditional educational systems in Maori society (a ritual transfer of knowledge for most Maori, and the more formal whare wānanga—“house of learning”—model primarily for those of chiefly lineage) were naturally conducted through the medium of the Maori language.
In 1816, the first mission school was opened to teach the Maori in the Bay of Islands. Here too, instruction was conducted primarily in the Maori language. Though English-medium education would have also been available for children of European settlers from nearly their first arrival, ethnic Maori continued to learn primarily through the medium of the Maori language for many years. It was not until the Native Schools Act was passed in 1867 that a systematic government preference was articulated for the English language as a medium of instruction for Maori children. And even with the passage of the act, the English-language provision was not rigorously enforced until 1900.
Starting in 1903, a government policy to discourage, and even punish, the use of the Maori language in playgrounds was enacted. In the early 1930s the director of Education blocked an initiative by the New Zealand Federation of Teachers to have the Maori language added to the curriculum. Though not the only factor, the ban on the Maori language in education contributed to the widespread loss of Maori-language ability. By 1960 the number of Maori who could speak the language had fallen to 25% from 95% in 1900.
Focus on falling Maori academic achievement in the 1960s coupled with the loss of the language, led to heavy lobbying by Ngā Tamatoa and the Te Reo Māori Society in the 1970s for the introduction of the language into the schools. This was accompanied by the establishment of Maori Studies programs in each of the Teacher Colleges by 1973. The 1980s then marked a pivotal decade in the revival of Maori-medium education, with the establishment of the first kōhanga reo (“language nest” – essentially a total immersion Maori-medium pre-school and kindergarten) in 1981, the first kura kaupapa (established at Hoani Waititi Marae, West Auckland) in 1985, a finding by the Waitangi Tribunal the Maori language is guaranteed protection under Article II of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1986, and the passage of the Māori Language Act in 1987, recognizing Maori as an official language.
Under New Zealand's current education laws, Māori language education is available in many locations throughout the country, both as a subject in a normal English-medium school as well as through immersion in a Māori-medium school set up under Section 155 (s155) or Section 156 (s156) of the Education Act 1990. The full immersion schools are commonly referred to as Kura Kaupapa Māori. Though enrollment numbers in Māori language programs have remained relatively stable in the last 5 years, both the raw total as well as the percentage of students enrolled have fallen since a high mark set in 2004. The decrease has primarily been among ethnic Māori themselves. See table below.
Māori Medium: Māori Medium includes students who are taught the curriculum in the Māori language for at least 51 percent of the time (Māori Language Immersion levels 1-2).
Māori Language in English Medium: Māori Language in English Medium includes students who are learning the Māori language as a language subject, or who are taught the curriculum in the Māori language for up to 50 percent of the time (Māori Language Immersion levels 3-5).
No Māori Language in Education: No Māori Language in Education includes those students who are only introduced to the Māori language via Taha Māori, i.e. simple words, greetings or songs in Māori (Māori Immersion Level 6), and students who are not involved in Māori language education at any level.
Post-compulsory education is regulated within the New Zealand Qualifications Framework, a unified system of national qualifications in schools, vocational education and training.
Typically, a bachelor's degree will take three years, and a further year of study will lead to an Honours degree. Not every degree follows this 3+1 pattern: there are some four year degrees (which may or may not be awarded with Honours), and some specialist bachelor's degrees which take longer to complete. Typically, Honours may be awarded with first class, upper second class, lower second class or third class, but this can vary from degree to degree. A bachelor's degree may be followed by a Master's degree. A candidate who does not hold an Honours degree may be awarded a Master's degree with honours: such a degree usually involves two years study, compared to one year for a Master's degree for a candidate who does have an Honours degree. A candidate who has either a Master's degree or a bachelor's degree with Honours may proceed to a doctoral degree.
Domestic students will pay fees subsidised by the Government, and the student-paid portion of the fee can be loaned from the Government under the Government's Student Loan Scheme. Weekly stipends can be drawn from the loan for living expenses, or the student can apply for a needs based (on assessment of parental income) "Student Allowance", which does not need to be paid back. "Bonded Merit Scholarships" are also provided by the Government to cover the student-paid portion of fees. The New Zealand Scholarship is awarded to school leavers by a competitive examination and also provides financial support to school-leavers pursuing a university degree but does not entail any requirement to stay in the country after they finish university. International students pay full (non-subsidised) fees and are not eligible for Government financial assistance.
Until 1961 there was only one degree-granting university in New Zealand, the University of New Zealand which had constituent colleges around New Zealand. Now the colleges are independent universities in their own right, and since then three new universities have been created (Auckland University of Technology, Lincoln University and Waikato University).
The name 'College of Education' is protected by Act of Parliament. (Previously the name 'Teachers' College' was protected.) Only universities and standalone colleges of education may use this title. Thus, privately owned institutions that are not listed in Acts and that provide teacher education such as the Bethlehem Institute (Tauranga) and New Zealand Graduate School of Education (Christchurch) must use alternative names.
Most colleges of education in New Zealand in the past 30 years have gradually consolidated (for example, Ardmore with Auckland), with the trend in the last 15 years to consider and effect mergers with universities closely allied to them, for example, the Hamilton and Palmerston North colleges amalgamated with Waikato and Massey respectively. In the 2004–2005 period, the Auckland and Wellington colleges merged with Auckland University and Victoria University respectively. In 2007, the Christchurch College of Education merged with the University of Canterbury. The remaining stand-alone college in Dunedin merged with the University of Otago in January 2007.
Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics(ITP) offer general technical and vocational education. Curriculum are based on practical knowledge in a working environment. Courses usually take place in workplaces (workshops, hospitols, studios...), certification upon graduation are industry-related and real work experiences are usually part of the curriculum.
In the education system of publicly owned tertiary institution that provides education in a Māori cultural context. Section 162 of the Education Act 1989 (re-affirmed by the Waitangi Tribunal in 2005) specifies that wānanga resemble mainstream universities in many ways. As of 2009, wānanga offer certificates, diplomas, and bachelor-level degrees, with some wānanga providing programmes in specialized areas up to doctorate level.
Wānanga educational programmes are accredited through the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA) and the Ministry of Education, and are partly governed by New Zealand's Tertiary Education Commission (TEC).
In Maori tradition the word wānanga conveyed meanings related to highly evolved knowledge, lore, occult arts, and also "forum" in the sense of a discussion to arrive at deeper understanding.
State and state integrated schools are allocated funding from the Government on a per-student basis to fund the running of the school. Smaller schools receive additional funding due to the added fixed costs of running them compared to larger schools, and schools also receive funding based on the school's socio-economic decile rating, with low-decile schools (i.e. those in poorer areas) receiving more funds. They may also receive funds from other activities, such as hiring out school facilities outside school hours to outside groups. Schools also ask for a voluntary donation from parents, informally known as "school fees", to cover extra expenses not covered by the government funding. This may range from $40 per child up to $800 per child in high decile state schools, to over $4000 in state integrated schools. The payment of this fee varies widely according to how parents perceive the school. Typically parents will also outlay $500–$1000 per year for uniforms, field trips, social events, sporting equipment and stationery at state schools.
Most state integrated schools also charge "attendance dues", a compulsory fee paid to the school's proprietors to cover the cost of maintaining and upgrading school land and buildings. Unlike voluntary donations, attendance dues are not optional and parents are contractually and legally required to pay them, and schools can take action to collect these or cancel the enrollment of a student if they are not paid.
Private schools rely mainly on tuition fees paid to the school by the parents of the students, although some funding is provided by the government. As of 2013, private schools receives from the Government (exclusive of GST) $1013 for every Year 1 to 6 student, $1109 for every Year 7 and 8 student, $1420 for every Year 9 and 10 student, and $2156 for every Year 11 to 13 student. However, the government funding is more of a partial tax rebate, as the GST payable to the government on the tuition fees collected often exceeds the government funding received in turn.
Salaries and wages for teaching staff in state and state integrated schools are paid directly from the Ministry of Education to the employee, and are not paid out of a school's funding. The salaries are fixed nationwide, and are based on the teacher's qualifications, years of service and workload, with middle and senior management awarded extra pay through "units". In 1991, following the decentralisation of school administration (the "Tomorrow's Schools" reforms), there was an attempt to move the responsibilities of paying teachers' salaries from the ministry to each school's Board of Trustees, in which each board would receive a lump sum from the government for all costs, including the payment of salaries. Known as "Bulk Funding", the proposal met strong opposition from teachers and their unions, particularly the Post Primary Teachers' Association, and wildcat strike action occurred among teachers as some schools' boards of trustees gradually elected to move to the new system. Bulk Funding was eventually scrapped in July 2000.
Special needs students are entitled to Ongoing Resource Scheme (ORS) funding, which is used for facilitating the adaption of the curriculum to fit the student, funding of teacher aides and specialists, and procuring any special equipment required. There are three levels of funding based on the student's needs: very high, high or combined moderate. For example, a student who is totally blind or deaf is classified as very high needs, while a student who is partially sighted (6/36 or worse) or severely or profoundly deaf (71 dB loss or worse) is classified as high needs. ORS funding is permanent, so it continues until the student leaves school.
Funding for tertiary education in New Zealand is through a combination of government subsidies and student fees. The government funds approved courses by a tuition grant based on the number of enrolled students in each course and the amount of study time each course requires. Courses are rated on an equivalent full-time Student (EFTS) basis. Students enrolled in courses can access Student Loans and Student Allowances to assist with fees and living costs.
Funding for Tertiary Institutions has been criticised recently due to high fees and funding not keeping pace with costs or inflation. Some also point out that high fees are leading to skills shortages in New Zealand as high costs discourage participation and graduating students seek well paying jobs off shore to pay for their student loans debts. As a result, education funding has been undergoing an ongoing review in recent years.
Most tertiary education students rely on some form of state funding to pay for their tuition and living expenses. Mostly, students rely on state provided student loans and allowances. Secondary school students sitting the state run examinations are awarded scholarships, depending on their results, that assist in paying some tuition fees. Universities and other funders also provide scholarships or funding grants to promising students, though mostly at a postgraduate level. Some employers will also assist their employees to study (full-time or part-time) towards a qualification that is relevant to their work. People who receive state welfare benefits and are retraining, or returning to the workforce after raising children, may be eligible for supplementary assistance, however students already in full or part-time study are not eligible for most state welfare benefits.
Student Allowances, which are non-refundable grants to students of limited means, are means tested and the weekly amount granted depends on residential and citizenship qualifications, age, location, marital status, dependent children as well as personal, spousal or parental income. The allowance is intended for living expenses, so most students receiving an allowance will still need a student loan to pay for their tuition fees.
The Student Loan Scheme is available to all New Zealand citizens and permanent residents. It covers course fees, course related expenses, and can also provide a weekly living allowance for full-time students. The loan must be repaid at a rate dependent on income and repayments are normally recovered via the income tax system by wage deductions. Low income earners and students in full-time study can have the interest on their loans written off.
On 26 July 2005, the Labour Party announced that they would abolish interest on Student Loans, if re-elected at the September election, which they were. From April 2006, the interest component on Student Loans was abolished for students who live in New Zealand. This has eased pressure on the government from current students. However, it has caused resentment from past students many of whom have accumulated large interests amounts in the years 1992–2006.
In 1995 New Zealand students finished 18th out of 24 countries on an international survey, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). There was considerable public concern so the Government created a taskforce to address the problem. In 2001, the Ministry introduced the Numeracy Development Project, which was supposed to lift student performance. Instead, the new teaching methods appear to have "confused teachers, children and parents by presenting multiple alternative problem-solving strategies but neglecting basic knowledge" and over the next few years New Zealand's rating dropped even further.
In December 2012, the latest TIMSS survey found New Zealand 9-year-olds ranked 34th out of 53 countries - and were bottom equal among developed nations. Almost half could not add 218 and 191 compared to 73% internationally. Ministry of Education figures show the number of 12-year-olds who were able to answer simple multiplication questions correctly dropped from "47% in 2001 - the year new maths teaching methods were introduced - to 37% in 2009". The problem flows on to high schools, where "there are still students who have difficulty with the very basics such as knowledge about whole numbers and decimals".
Sir Vaughan Jones, New Zealand's foremost mathematician, is concerned about the way maths is now taught in New Zealand arguing that children need to learn how to multiply and add and really understand those processes before moving on. Jones said children "need to know basic arithmetic before they try to start problem solving".
"Education Act 1989 No 80 (as of 01 January 2012), Public Act -- New Zealand Legislation Online". Parliamentary Counsel Office. 1 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Diagram of New Zealand's education system, OECD - Using 1997 ISCED classification of programmes and typical ages.
^ "School Roll Summary Report: July 2011 -- Education Counts". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
^ "School leavers with NCEA Level 1 or above -- Education Counts". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
^ "Human development indices". Human Development Reports. 18 December 2008. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "Retention of students in senior secondary schools". Ministry of Education. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
^ School Roll Return Guidelines, 2006–2008, retrieved 16 January 2011.
^ Cooper, Tracey (21 September 2009). "School Year". Choosing the right road. Waikato Times. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
^ "Curriculum achievement objectives by level -- New Zealand Curriculum". Te Kete Ipurangi. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
^ a b "Circular 2012/07 - Private school subsidy funding 2013". New Zealand Ministry of Education. September 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
^ "Roll by Regional Council & Authority - 1 July 2012". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
^ "Homeschooling as at 1 July 2011 - Education Counts". educationcounts.govt.nz. 1 July 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
^ "What is a Normal School?". Dunedin: George Street Normal School. Retrieved 2014-07-20. The 22 Normal schools in New Zealand appointed by the Government provide a major teaching practicum facility for five universities nationwide. [...] Most trainee teachers in Dunedin will spend time at George Street Normal School during the course of their study. As well as observing and teaching small groups and classes, 'College Teachers'[,] as they are known, add to [...] sports, cultural and elective programmes.
^ "NZ School Zones (Sept 2010)". New Zealand ministry of Education (via koordinates.com). September 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
^ Dickison, Michael (28 January 2013). "Top schools hire private eye to catch zone cheats". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
^ "Section 111: False statements or declarations -- Crimes Act 1961 -- New Zealand Legislation". Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
^ Tahana, Yvonne (10 November 2011). "Maori Party wants te reo available to all". nzherald.co.nz. Retrieved 25 November 2011. The Maori Party wants to make te reo 'compulsorily available' in schools by 2015 but students wouldn't be compelled to take the subject.
^ http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/maori-education-matauranga/page-1. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
^ a b c d e http://www.oag.govt.nz/2012/education-for-maori/part3.htm. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
^ "Māori Language in Education". Ministry of Education: Education Counts. 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
^ a b c "Vocational education in New Zealand". UNESCO-UNEVOC. 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
^ "About Ongoing Resourcing Scheme (ORS)". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
^ Collins, Gail (27 April 2012). "A Very Pricey Pineapple". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
The Government responded by putting $60 million into a Positive Behaviour for Learning plan but the results were less than satisfactory. In March 2013, Secondary Principals Association president Patrick Walsh asked the Ministry to "urgently draft a comprehensive bullying policy for schools, after being surprised to find it did not have one." Mr Walsh believes that since schools are supposed to be self-managing, each school has "work it out" for themselves which "would mean that all 2500 schools all have to reinvent the wheel".
In 2009, the Ombudsman launched an investigation into school bullying and violence after serious incidents at Hutt Valley High School in Lower Hutt, which included students being dragged to the ground, "removing their pants and violating them with screwdrivers, pens, scissors, branches, drills and pencils," a student "being beaten unconscious and a student being burnt with a lighter". The Ombudsman's report recommended schools' guidelines be amended to make anti-bullying programmes compulsory in schools. Post Primary Teachers' Association president Robin Duff said the report illustrated a systemic failure by the Ministry of Education to help schools deal with bullying.
Bullying is a widespread issue in New Zealand schools. In 2007, one in five New Zealand high school students reported being cyber-bullied. In regard to physical bullying, an international study in 2009 found New Zealand had the second highest incidence of bullying out of the 40 countries surveyed.
According to Education Minister Hekia Parata, New Zealand needs to raise the academic achievement of its Maori and Pacific Island students to match those of Pakeha students. In 2013, she said that PISA international standard showed Pakeha were ranked second in the world, Maori were 34th equal and Pacific students were ranked 44th.
On a more general note, the Pearson report said the quality of teaching was key factor in a successful education system but also highlighted the importance of an underlying culture focussed on children's learning. The report noted that that Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore, which were all ahead of New Zealand, had societies "where education and learning was of the greatest importance and where parents were very much involved with their children's education".
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0.997246 |
You are asked to enter the computer name (or IP address), the computer is then tested via ping before starting the service. A message let's you know if the PC is Off Line or if the operation completed successfully.
The service "name" is hard coded in this case and you are given a choice to repeat the process with another PC or exit.
Replace "SERVICE NAME" with the name of the service you want to start.
$PC = Read-Host "Enter Computer Name"
$response = read-host "Repeat? [Y] or [N] (N will Exit Script)"
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0.942132 |
Spiral-stair layout 18 For a spiral stair of any given diameter and Roor-tOoRoor rise, there an optimum unit rise and number of treads per revolution. You Rnd these two numbers by applying the standard riseto-run formula to the stair The rlse-tOorun formula the rise plus the run should total 24 in. to 25 In. incline for a spiral stair is considered to be 45°, at which point the rise equals the run. In our formula, a 45° sta would result if the rise and Also馔 full the maxi馔 both 8 in. to 8% In. The waUdlne person using the stair, and for treads less than 36 in. wide this 18 the llne followed by a um comfortable taken as the centerline of the stair. The length of the basic measure from which the length of run Is calculated. This stair has an outside diameter of 72 in., or a radius of 36 In. Its walk馔颋 18 In., and the walldlne length In one revolution Is the circumference of a walI馔颋㭨 In. The fact that the run was about 8 in. dictated a rise of about 8 in. Because 106 to 13 rises, resulting in a unit rise of 8.156 In. There were to be 13 rises, so the stair would spiral less than one lution. It would have 12 treads, with the 13th step being the landing. One final layout concern should not revo be overlooked. I have seen designers specify a 12-tread-per-revolution stair with a 90" arc (quarter-circle) landing at the top. This is generally not desirable because of hea Imagine descending such a stair. As you reach the front edge of the ninth tread down, you are faced with the hack edge of the landing above you. As you step off the ninth tread, droo the landing? It will-but only if you're short. The accepted headroom on a stair is 80 in. In order for nine steps to drop you 80 in., the unit rise would have to be about 9 in., assuming the landing had very little thickness to further encroach on headroom. Most codes allow a 9-in. rise for a spiral stair, but as I explained above, such a stair would be very steep. The best solution to this problem Is to cut back the landing to a 60" wiU ftgu馔颋 Reinhold, out of print). In It, Mannes presents di bald Mannes, (Van Nostrand optimum layout for stairs of agra uDd lOl ms summarizing the ng diameters and heights. -So W. 10 FiDe Homeb vary馔 An excellent book on spiral-stair layout Is Designing Staircases, by WWl arc. for your head clear m considerations. + = 8 irca馔 13.25 rises, I rounded down circle with an 18-ln. radius. The circumference of a circle is found with the formula 2pl x radius. For this stair, the waUdine circumference Is therefore 113 In. The minimum desirable run of a tread is about 8 in., by 8 In. to get the number of treads needed per revolution for the stair. The answer Is 14.1, which I rounded to 14 treads per revolution. This sta 80 e has a total rise of 106 I divided 113 In. e radius is therefore ne provides the 18 rally were gene at 18: its waUd馔颋 run irwa y e. two times size cylinder representing the diameter and height of the staircase, and is made of spaced 2x4s screwed to plywood bulkheads laid on sawhorses. Because I was building an outer handrail, I built the cylinder to the exact radius of the inside of the handrailing, in this case 33Ys in. I built the rail in two halves, so the form needed to be just half a cylinder, and only half the stair height-about 5 ft. Calculating the angle at which the rail spi- rals up the cylinder is a straightforward rise/ run calculation. In this case the unit rise was 8. 156 in. and the unit run was 'A4th the cir- cumference of a 33Ys-in. radius circle, or 1/14 (2pi x r), which equals 14.87 in. Knowing the rise and run, the angle of ascent is tan -1 (rise/ run) reference points on the 2x4s to guide the placement of the handrail laminations. Starting with 10-ft. long Douglas fir stock 2% = in. thick, I ripped nine laminations, each Y4 in. thick, for a 21f4-in. wide rail. Keeping the laminations in order makes for less-visible glue lines later. I use a ripping blade on my table saw and glue the sawn laminations unplaned. I have always managed to glue up all the plies of a spiral rail at once, but I have to work fast. I lay out all my pipe clamps and C-clamps near the cylinder, set all the laminations side by side in the right order on a flat surface with the center marked on each piece, and check that I have plenty of glue. One time, incredibly, I ran out of glue partway into the spreading. Luckily, a friend was helping, and he spread what glue we had while I raced to the nearest hardware store, where I stood in line, twitching with adrenalin flashes as I pondered the uses of a partially laminated handrail. But I only lost about five minutes, and the glue-up was saved. For handrail laminations, I use a toothbrush to apply aliphatic resin glue. I then stack the laminations in order and carry them to the cylinder. I first clamp the center, then work outwards, clamping the rail to the 2x4s and aligning their edges with the reference points. Bending 2Y4-inches worth of laminations can take a lot of force, and pipe clamps are handy for the initial bending. Then I check for gaps between plies and clamp wherever I find oneany unglued gaps can later split the whole rail open. The 40-or-so clamps I have are barely enough for a 10-ft. bend. Once the rail is aligned and clamped to my satisfaction, I let it cure for 24 hours. With this staircase, I repeated the operation for the other length of rail. I clamp the cured handrail in my bench vise and square up the rail cross section with rasps, planes and scrapers. This operation is easy enough, but the next operation-shaping the rail-is not. Although I have a custom-made ogee router bit (made by Oakland Carbide, 1232 51st Ave., Oakland, Calif. 94601; 415-5327669) to shape the rail with a minimum of passes, the rail has no flat surface to guide the router. I compensate for this by warping the plastic router base with shims to conform to the twist of the rail (bottom left photo, p. 88). But the operation requires a steady hand. After 28.75°. With this information I plotted routing, I use sandpaper and plenty of elbow grease to finish the handrail sections. Last, the upper length of handrail needed a wall-return piece at the landing (bottom right photo, p. 88), which I attached with a standard rail bolt. The balusters on this stair are I-in. square spindles. On any stair or landing, I try to keep the space between balusters to no more than 4'l'2 in. both for the safety of any children using the stair and for looks. In this case I used three balusters per tread. I machined round tenons at the base of each baluster to fit into holes drilled into the treads, but left the tops long to be cut on site. This stair has three newel posts: a starting newel and two landing newels. I made them from 4x4s, bandsawing a four-sided taper in the mid-section (photo, p. 86). A commercially made ball top caps each newel. One of the landing newels sits atop the center column and has a tenon at its base to fit into the column. Pulling it all together-I began the installation with the second-floor landing. Ledgers screwed to adjacent walls provided support for three of its four corners. The fourth corner bore on a dado in the stair column. This intersection was further strengthened with a lag bolt. Once I had the landing in place, I temporar- ily installed the column. Making sure that the column was plumb, I traced around it at the floor. Then I removed the column and screwed a wooden disc the diameter of the inside of the column to the floor. I slipped the column over over this disc and tethered the top of the column to the landing with a rope. This allowed me to rotate the column as I inserted the treads. A rotating column isn't necessary if there is good access to all sides of the stair. Installing the treads is the fun part of the job (large photo, facing page). I start at the bottom, pushing each one home and then drawing it tight to the column with a %-in. by 7-in. lag bolt. Once all the treads are in place, I permanently lag-bolt the column to the landing and plug the recessed bolt holes with dowels. Balustrade assembly began with the newel posts. Once they were in place, I was ready to join the two lengths of spiral handrail. To determine their finished length, I laid them in position atop the treads and marked them where they overlapped. Then I square-cut the two abutting ends and joined the pieces with glue and a rail bolt (bottom middle photo, p. 88). Next, I bevel-cut the tops of several balusters to 32 in. These balusters were inserted through the front hole of several treads and temporarily braced plumb. This would establish the top of the handrail at 34 in. above the nosings of the treads. Setting the spiral rail on top of the balusters, I screwed the downstairs end of the handrail to the starting newel. This intersection is further strengthened with a Y2in. dowel. Upstairs, the handrail engages the wall with a return that is Molly-bolted to the wall. Toenailing the balusters into the rail fixed it in position, and I could then fill in the rest of the balusters. I measured and cut each one individually to ensure a tight, plumb fit.
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0.967025 |
Have you ever noticed how many different types of flour there are?
of those different types of flour on a regular basis.
Did you know that you can make your own cake flour with just two ingredients?
To make your own cake flour simply measure out 1 cup of all-purpose flour.
Remove 2 tablespoons of the flour and put it back into your flour canister.
Next add 2 tablespoons of cornstarch to the flour in your cup.
Now grab a bowl and sifter.
Sift the flour and cornstarch back and forth for 5 times.
You just made cake flour!
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0.879097 |
Nyx was the Primordial Goddess of the Night, darkness, shadows, the veil, fertility and prophecy. Her Roman Equivalent is Nox .
She is a shadowy figure in Greek mythology but from the extracts about her, it can be gleaned that she was a figure of great beauty and power.
She was born from the giant cosmic being called Chaos, and was a Protogenoi, an ancient being that existed long before the Olympians. With Erebus, her sibling, she gives birth to Aether (Brightness), and Hemera (Day). Nyx is an essential part of the Greek creation myth, and was integral in the legend.
She is considered one of the most powerful deities, as can be seen when Hypnos, the god of sleep and her son, fled from Zeus after putting him to sleep on Hera's orders, so she could punish Heracles without Zeus's interference. Zeus found out about Hypnos's involvement and chased him. Hypnos fled to his mother Nyx, whom Zeus feared and respected. In some myths, Chaos did not exist and that Nyx herself in fact, was the first divine entity, promoting her power and importance.
Unlike many other deities, Nyx was not celebrated in a cult of her own, but was often in the background of many other major cults, including one dedicated to Artemis, one of her descendants.
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0.986968 |
Lieutenant General James M. Masters, Sr., holder of the Navy Cross, and Distinguished Service Medal, died at his home in Washington, D.C. on 5 August 1988.
"On 10 May, when the advance of the Regiment was checked by a strong hostile force, Lieutenant Colonel Masters unhesitatingly went forward of the front lines on reconnaissance and obtained information concerning the Japanese and unfamiliar terrain which enabled a successful attack to be made the following day. On 11 May, he established an advanced observation post in the only possible position on the front lines from which the attack that day could be observed and directed and, despite unusually heavy casualties at the post from intense enemy mortar and small-arms fire, continued to man it and report information vital to the capture of desperately defended Dakeshi Ridge."
James Marvin Masters, Sr., was born 16 June 1911, in Atlanta, Georgia, and graduated from high school at Anderson, South Carolina. He attended The Citadel before entering the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, in 1929. Upon graduation from the Academy, he was commissioned a Marine Second Lieutenant, 1 June 1933.
Lieutenant Masters completed the Basic Course at the Philadelphia Navy Yard in May, 1934, and the following month began a year's tour of sea duty, serving with the Marine Detachment aboard the USS New Mexico. In July 1935, he joined the 1st Marine Brigade at Quantico, Virginia. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in July 1936.
Lieutenant Masters remained at Quantico until January 1937, and the following month embarked for Shanghai, China, where he served with the Fourth Marines until November 1939. While in China, he was promoted to captain in September 1939.
On his return to the United States, Captain Masters was ordered to the Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., in December 1939, and later served briefly at Quantico. In September 1940, he was assigned to the Marine Corps Base, Parris Island, South Carolina, as a battery commanding officer with the 4th Defense Battalion. He was transferred with the battalion to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in February 1941, and in November 1941 embarked with the battalion for Pearl Harbor.
On 7 December 1941, Captain Masters participated in the defense of that base against aerial attack. On 25 December he departed Pearl Harbor enroute to and in command of the first reinforcements for Johnston Island, where he remained until November 1942. The Bronze Star Medal was awarded him for service on Johnston Island. He was promoted to Major in May 1942.
Major Masters joined the 10th Defense Battalion at Pearl Harbor in November 1942. Later, as Executive Officer of the battalion, attached to the First Marine Amphibious Corps, he served in the Solomon and Russell Islands. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in April 1943.
In August 1943, Lieutenant Colonel Masters joined the 2d Battalion, First Marines, 1st Marine Division, and served briefly in Australia prior to going into combat again in December 1943 and January 1944, as a battalion Commanding Officer at Cape Gloucester. Following this, he returned to the United States and, in March 1944, assumed duty at Marine Corps Headquarters with the Division of Plans and Policies, G-3. In September he was assigned detached duty at Pearl Harbor, and on Guam, Saipan and Tinian, Marianas Islands.
In November 1944, Lieutenant Colonel Masters was transferred to the Seventh Marines, 1st Marine Division. The following month, he began serving as Regimental Executive Officer at Pavuvu, Russell Islands. In this capacity he took part in combat on Okinawa, in April, May, and June of 1945, during which action he earned the Navy Cross.
Ordered to Tientsin, China, in October 1945, Lieutenant Colonel Masters served with the 1st Marine Division as Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, until March 1946, then returned to the United States. Upon his return, he was again assigned to Headquarters Marine Corps where, in May 1946, he began a two-year assignment in the Inspection Division. In May 1948, he was ordered to the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, serving as Executive Officer, and later, Commanding Officer of the Basic School. He was promoted to Colonel in August 1949.
Colonel Masters was transferred to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, following this assignment, and assumed command of the Eighth Marine Regiment, 2d Marine Division in September 1950. He commanded the regiment for 18 months, then returned to Washington where he was enrolled as a student at the National War College from August 1952 to June 1953. The following month he became a member of the Joint Strategic Plans Group, Joint Staff, Officer of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, serving in this capacity for two years.
In August 1955, Colonel Masters assumed duty as Regimental Commander of the Fourth Marines (Reinforced), 3d Marine Division, at the Marine Corps Air Station, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. He commanded this regiment until he was named Fleet Marine Force Pacific Liaison Officer to the Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, in Hawaii, in June 1956. While serving in this capacity, he was promoted to Brigadier General in July 1957.
General Masters reported to Headquarters Marine Corps as Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, in September 1957. He was assigned additional duty as Inspector General of the Marine Corps in June 1960, and was promoted to Major General the following month. He continued in the post of Inspector General of the Marine Corps from August 1960 until July 1961.
Transferred to the West Coast, General Masters assumed command of the 1st Marine Division (Reinforced), Fleet Marine Force, at Camp Pendleton, California, 31 July 1961. He served in this capacity until June 1962, when he became Commanding General, Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton. Following the latter assignment, he arrived on Okinawa in May 1963, and served as Commanding General of the 3d Marine Division until becoming Commanding General of the 3d Marine Division until becoming Commanding General, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina. A Gold Star in lieu of a second Navy Commendation Medal was awarded General Masters for "…meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding service as Commanding General, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina, from 19 June 1964 to 15 June 1966."
Following his promotion to lieutenant general on 1 July 1966, he was assigned duty as Commandant, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia. In January 1968, Marine Corps Schools was redesignated Marine Corps Development and Education Command, and General Masters' title was changed to Commanding General. He thus became the first Commanding General of the Marine Corps Development and Education Command and the last man to fill the billet of Commandant, Marine Corps Schools.
General Masters was presented the Distinguished Service Medal by the Commandant of the Marine Corps, General Leonard F. Chapman, in retirement ceremonies held at Quantico, 28 June 1968.
A complete list of his medals and decorations includes: the Navy Cross, the Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit with Combat "V", the Bronze Star Medal, the Navy Commendation Medal with Combat "V" and Gold Star in lieu of a second award, the Presidential Unit Citation, the China Service Medal with one bronze star, the American Defense Service Medal with Base clasp, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with one silver star, indicative of five bronze stars, the World War II Victory Medal, the National Defense Service Medal with one bronze star, the Chinese Order of the Cloud and Banner, and the Korean Order of Service Merit Second Class.
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to James M. Masters (0-4874), Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism as Executive Officer of the Seventh Marines, FIRST Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese forces during the assault on Dakeshi Ridge, Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, from 10 to 12 May 1945.
On 10 May, when the advance of the Regiment was checked by a strong hostile force, Lieutenant Colonel Masters unhesitatingly went forward of the front lines on reconnaissance and obtained information concerning the Japanese and unfamiliar terrain which enabled a successful attack to be made the following day.
On 11 May, he established an advanced observation post in the only possible position on the front lines from which the attack that day could be observed and directed and, despite unusually heavy casualties at the post from intense enemy mortar and small-arms fire, continued to man it and report information vital to the capture of desperately defended Dakeshi Ridge.
Moving the observation post forward again on 12 May, he advanced under intense hostile fire to the Ridge before that ground had been completely seized by assault troops and, although the Japanese continued to inflict heavy casualties on his force, persevered in his mission to observe the enemy and terrain, thus securing information which aided materially in the formulation of successful plans for continuing the attack. His inspiring leadership, courage and unremitting devotion to duty throughout were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
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0.999332 |
Article: Can This Marriage Be Saved?
The Bible reveals that God Almighty established marriage to meet and fulfill man's need for companionship, to provide mankind with moral cohabitation and thus furnish the appropriate environment for rearing subsequent generations (see Gen. 2:18-25; 1:26-28; 18:19; 1 Cor. 7:1-2; Deut. 6:7-9; Psa. 127; Eph. 6:1-4). Marriage is an honorable and lifelong arrangement (Gen. 2:24; Matt. 19:4-6; Heb. 13:4). Those who choose to dishonor it by putting it asunder will answer to the God who ordained it (Heb. 13:4). Every person who enters marriage is obligated by God to (1) abide by God's regulation of marriage (Matt. 19:9; 5:32; Rom. 7:3; Mk. 6:17-18); and to (2) accept the roles and responsibilities marriage obliges them to as husband or wife (Rom. 7:2; 1 Cor. 7:39; Eph. 5:22-33).
Today, the American view of marriage is very, very different. In the year 2000 there were 5.5 million Americas living together outside of marriage, an elevenfold increase since 1960 (The Broken Hearth, Wm. J. Bennett, 13). More than half of all marriages in our country are now preceded by a period of living together (Ibid.).
After people get married the picture is just as bleak. The United States has the highest divorce rate in the world (The Index of Leading Cultural Indicators, Wm. J. Bennett, 59). Historian Lawrence Stone has assessed divorce to be "as much a part of our culture and our lives as death and taxes" (The Broken Hearth, 13). Currently, one out of two children will witness the breakup of their parents' marriage (Ibid., 12).
The breakdown of marriage and family life (which some defend in the name of personal expression, fulfillment, liberation and happiness) is one of the very reasons for so much doubt, uncertainty, sadness, emotional imprisonment and faithlessness in our society. The promised joy of liberation from the oppression of marriage did not happen.
More than once people have presented me with their marriage problems and asked, "Can this marriage be saved?" When both parties are fully committed to restoring their marriage to what God wants it to be, their marriage can be saved. Often, the sad truth is that only one person in the marriage wants to work toward its success. Since two cannot walk together unless they are in agreement, such disparity makes it extremely difficult to achieve success (Amos. 3:3; cf. Prov. 19:13; 21:9, 19).
Here are a few things it takes to help make and keep our marriages strong, healthy and honorable in the sight of God and man.
When there is a problem, make things right with God and with your mate. Neither the husband nor the wife can say they have never sinned (Rom. 3:23; 1 Jno. 1:8). When sin against a spouse occurs, the sinner needs to confess it and repent of it - not defend it, excuse it and justify it (Matt. 18:15; 5:23-24; 1 Jno. 1:9). If you sin against your mate, ask God to forgive you - and ask your spouse to forgive you. Repent (change your mind) of your sin and act differently (Lk. 3:8; Acts 26:20). Being right with God helps establish the common ground needed to solve the problems which arise in marriage.
When both partners share a common faith and want to be right with God, their faith will help them bear the fruit needed to strengthen and sustain their marriage (Gal. 5:22-23). The husband and wife are "heirs together of the grace of life" (1 Pet. 3:7). That is, you share in life's blessings. Therefore, husbands and wives need to focus on sharing life with each other instead of destroying each other with bitter words and evil deeds (1 Pet. 3:7; Col. 3:18-19).
Remember to be merciful and to forgive every sin. Without a doubt, the sins committed against us by those closest to us hurt the worst (cf. Lk. 22:61-62). Indeed, the defilement of the marriage bed by one's mate is such that the Lord allows it as the only just cause for putting asunder one's marriage (Matt. 19:6, 9).
Yet, even when fornication causes putting away, the Lord expects the one sinned against to keep a heart of forgiveness (Col. 3:12-13). Just as the Lord earnestly prayed for the forgiveness of His murderers, even so every spouse ought to yearn for their mate's salvation (Lk. 23:34).
Practice genuine love. A thorough understanding and application of 1 Corinthians 13 is in order for every marriage to survive and thrive.
Selfishness is at the heart of many broken marriages. The husband is to love his wife as Christ loved the church (devoutly, sacrificially, completely), and the wife is to lovingly submit to her husband as the church yields to Christ (Eph. 5:22-27). This is where love is applied.
A lack of self-control dooms many marriages. By indulging every desire rather than resisting every temptation, sin reigns and ruins the home (Jas. 1:12-16; 1 Pet. 3:3-7).
The demand to be served by one's mate rather than humbly serving each other drives many marriages into the rocks of destruction (1 Pet. 5:5; Eph. 5:30-33).
Can this marriage be saved? Yes, if both are willing to put God first, forgive every sin and practice real love by putting others ahead of oneself.
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FOR THE RECORD: An earlier version of this article misspelled Art Linkletter's birth name as Arthur Gordon Kelley. His last name was Kelly.
Linkletter died Wednesday at his home in Bel-Air, said his son-in-law, Art Hershey.
He was an accomplished businessman whose Linkletter Enterprises controlled more than 70 businesses. He became a well-known anti-drug crusader after a daughter committed suicide in 1969. He wrote three autobiographies, a 1988 best-seller called "Old Age Is Not for Sissies" and released the latest of more than 20 books — about making the most of life's later years — on his 94th birthday.
To many baby boomers and their parents who watched his daytime television show "House Party," Linkletter would always be the perfect straight man who could ask a grade-schooler a simple question like "What does your mommy do?" and elicit this response: "She does a little housework, then sits around all day reading the Racing Form."
That popular segment from the television show that aired from 1952 to 1970 led to his 1957 bestselling book "Kids Say the Darndest Things" and several sequels.
Informed by Jack that he would never go back to school, his father asked why. Jack responded: "Because I can't read, I can't write and they won't let me talk."
Linkletter captured the exchange on an early recording machine and played the interview on his "Who's Dancing Tonight?" Sunday program broadcast from the St. Francis Hotel in San Francisco. An avalanche of mail arrived saying "what a wonderful thing it is to hear a little boy talking to his daddy," Linkletter told The Times in 2007. "And it struck me that there were no interviews with children as children; they were always professional children — trained, coached and written for."
The segment debuted in 1945 on the CBS radio version of "House Party." When the show segued to television in the early 1950s, he sought out spunky Los Angeles youngsters who wouldn't be intimidated by the trappings of an early TV studio. Linkletter asked local teachers to "Pick the kids you'd like to have out of the classroom for a few precious hours."
One boy's answer, when asked what animal he wished to be, provided the funniest response, Linkletter once told an interviewer. An octopus, the boy said, so that he could grab the many bullies in his school and hit them with his "testicles."
Linkletter knew "without a doubt" that he'd be remembered for his popular interactions with children.
"Everywhere I go I hear, 'Why don't you interview the kids again?' " Linkletter told the Washington Post in 1981.
The Canadian-born Linkletter hosted "People are Funny" and the Emmy-winning "House Party" on radio and television for more than 25 years. He last regularly appeared on TV as a contributor on "Kids Say the Darndest Things," a half-hour show Bill Cosby hosted on Friday nights from 1998 to 2000.
A prolific author, Linkletter wrote at least six books featuring cute quotes from kids, but he also tackled drug abuse, salesmanship and public speaking. His 1960 autobiography was called "Confessions of a Happy Man."
With Mark Victor Hansen, co-creator of the "Chicken Soup" book series, Linkletter wrote the anti-aging book "How to Make the Rest of Your Life the Best of Your Life" (2006). During the tour for the book, Linkletter signed 400 copies in one sitting. As of 2008, he continued to lecture more than 60 times a year and run Linkletter Enterprises.
"I've been around long enough to develop some insights," Linkletter told the Orlando Sentinel in 2007, "Don't retire, become a 'seniorpreneur,' keep a positive outlook, and maintain your sense of humor."
"Retire?" he said in response to a Times reporter's question in 1988, when he paused for an interview between skiing at Vail, Colo., and scuba diving off Brisbane, Australia. "If you retire, you can't ever have a day off."
Linkletter was born Arthur Gordon Kelly in the Canadian hamlet of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, on July 17, 1912. Abandoned as an infant, he was adopted by an elderly itinerant evangelist, Fulton Linkletter, and his wife, Mary. The Linkletters moved to California when he was 3.
After graduating from high school at 16, Linkletter did odd jobs around the United States. He worked as a busboy in Chicago, a stevedore in New Orleans, a meatpacker in Minneapolis, a coupon clerk on Wall Street during the fateful crash of 1929 and a shipboard laborer between New York and Buenos Aires.
Eventually, he enrolled in what is now San Diego State University, intending to become an English professor. In his junior year, Linkletter was hired as an announcer at San Diego radio station KGB. After earning his bachelor's degree in 1934, Linkletter turned down a teaching job to stick with announcing — it paid more.
Radio success came quickly. He was named program director of the California International Exposition in San Diego in 1935, radio director of the Texas Centennial Exposition in 1936 and took the same job a year later at the San Francisco World's Fair.
In 1942, Linkletter moved to Hollywood, where he excelled in creating and starring in audience-participation shows. Working with partner John Guedel, who had created "People Are Funny," Linkletter pioneered zany stunts and interviews that became the prototype for radio and television's now-familiar game shows, children's shows, talk shows and reality shows.
"I have to laugh at all of the stuff they're talking about as if realism was just invented, sending people out to do crazy real things with no script and no rehearsal," Linkletter told CNN's Larry King in 2003. "We'd rig a fake contest, have the winner go up to San Francisco with her husband. And while they were gone, we'd steal their house. When they came back, we had them search for the house."
He sent show participants out to give away money or invest in the stock market to prove that "People Are Funny." The show aired on NBC radio beginning in 1942 and on TV from 1954 to 1961.
Shorter-running TV programs included the prime-time "Life with Linkletter" on ABC (1950-52) and "Hollywood Talent Scouts" on CBS (1965-66).
In 1955, Linkletter served as the primary host of Disneyland's opening-day ceremonies. When his good friend Walt Disney said he could only pay him union scale, Linkletter asked for and received exclusive rights to the camera and film concession at Disneyland for a decade.
Although Linkletter appeared in two movies, "People Are Funny" (1946) with Jack Haley and Rudy Vallee and "Champagne for Caesar" (1950) with Ronald Colmanand Vincent Price, Linkletter assessed his strength not as an actor but as a chatty, amiable conversationalist.
"I always wanted to be a star," he once said. "I had no talent. But the most important talent you can have in television is to be liked. People liked me.
"Secondly, I sincerely and truly liked people, and I was curious about their answers. Even the jerks — I wanted to know what made them such jerks."
Linkletter became a wealthy businessman, investing in hula hoops and delving into oil wells, lead mines, manufacturing plants, restaurants, television production, real estate, construction, mobile storage units and even a bowling alley, a skating rink and a charm school.
As Linkletter accumulated great wealth, the poor-boy-made-good became a generous philanthropist.
As he aged, Linkletter also worked to help other seniors, serving as president of the UCLA Center on Aging, national spokesman for the senior lobbying group now known as USA Next and board chairman of the John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation.
In 2003, he was one of three grand marshals in the Rose Parade.
Linkletter weathered private tragedy with the early deaths of two of his five adult children.
He became a national spokesman on drug abuse after his youngest child, Diane, leaped to her death from her Hollywood apartment in 1969 at age 20, a suicide the family blamed on LSD use. He and his daughter won a Grammy for their spoken-word recording "We Love You, Call Collect," an emotional father-daughter conversation recorded not long before her death.
His second son, Robert, was killed at 35 in a 1980 car crash.
His eldest son, Jack, who followed his father into broadcasting and worked in the family business empire, died at 70 of lymphoma in 2007.
Linkletter served on the President's National Advisory Council for Drug Abuse Prevention and was president of the National Coordinating Council on Drug Abuse Education and Information.
The nonagenarian told anyone who asked that he watched his diet, swam or biked and lifted weights five times a week and slept eight hours a night. He skied until he was 92.
He also gave credit for his vigor and longevity to his wife, the former Lois Foerster, whom he married in 1935.
"I have a good marriage, which reduces a great deal of stress," Linkletter told the Associated Press in 2006.
"But a lot of it's what happens between your ears," he often said. "By changing the attitude inside your mind, you can change the outside of your life. You got to be curious."
He was so optimistic about his own future that he had signed a contract to lecture in Washington, D.C., on his 100th birthday on July 17, 2012.
In addition to his wife, Linkletter is survived by daughters Dawn Griffin and Sharon Linkletter; seven grandchildren; and 15 great-grandchildren.
Oliver is a former Times staff writer.
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Here's a great way to earn $3000 a month: 1. Learning WIX, WIX is a straightforward way to create professional websites, anyone can learn it, and you don't have to be technical at all. 2. Create example websites. Create example sites using WIX for a few different niches such as restaurants, dentists, gyms, hair salons, construction companies, etc. 3. Offer 1 website for $1000 literally every business needs a website, continuously cold call businesses (using your examples ) during the first week of the month until you have 3 on board.
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0.896709 |
People with great credit scores have earned them for a reason - they have always borrowed money, and paid it back on time. There's really no trick to what they've done, and there is no one action that will help you get a great credit score. When someone asks me how to earn a good credit score, I tell them to look at the spending habits of those with great scores, and to develop the same habits. Here are the 7 habits of people with great credit scores.
People with great credit scores want every purchase to count. And a purchase doesn't count unless the 3 bureaus know about it! The only way to make sure that the bureaus know how much money you're spending is to put everything on your card(s). Rather than deposit your paycheck and spend, think of your spending as a monetary cycle: Put your paycheck in the bank, spend with your credit cards, and pay off the cards with the funds you've already deposited. It's one extra step that pays off big with the added security and boost to your score that credit cards provide. Credit cards aren't just for larger purchases anymore. Using your credit cards for items like soft drinks and gum has become so common that credit card companies have given a name to them: "Micro-purchases."
You won't find a debit card in the wallets of people with great credit scores. Debit cards provide you absolutely nothing that a credit card won't, and credit cards will build your credit score! Furthermore, if someone steals your credit card, you're protected against fraudulent purchases, while with a debit card, you're out of luck! People with great credit scores take every opportunity to build their credit - going to the grocery store, buying gas, or renting movies!
People with great credit scores don't typically carry high credit card balances. The easiest way to emulate this is to make sure that you don't carry ANY balances. You'll obtain the best credit score if you make sure that you're using the smallest portion of your potential limit - which means "Zero." People with great credit scores make sure to use their cards, but pay the balance off every month.
In order for the credit bureaus to reward your good spending habits, you have to pay your bills on time. However, you have a little leeway. While it's not a good idea to pay your bills a few days late because your creditors will charge you late penalties, it won't affect your credit score negatively unless you pay them more than 30 days late. The easiest way to stay on top of your bills is to pick one day out of the month to take care of everything.
Because people with great credit scores habitually borrow money and immediately pay it off, the credit card companies are very comfortable consistently raising their spending limits. People with great credit scores consistently request higher limits because it allows them the freedom to borrow and keep a balance, if the need arises, without lowering their scores. You will have the best credit score if you keep the balances of your cards below roughly 35% of the spending limit of each card. People with great credit scores don't habitually spend over 35% of the limit of their cards. Furthermore, if you have high limits, you can take advantage of the promotional offers that the banks offer from time to time. A borrower I know with a great score recently transferred the second mortgage on his home to a 1.99% APR promotional rate on his credit card - the rate is good for the life of the loan!
The credit bureaus take into account the age of your credit lines - and people with great credit scores know this, and exploit it. Many times, people with mediocre or low scores will pay off a card they've abused and close the account because they subconsciously think it was the card's fault they let the balance get as high as it did. This is NOT the correct thing to do in this situation. That card has a great history behind it! You've shown the bureaus that you're willing to borrow a large sum of money and then pay it down to zero. People with great credit scores NEVER close credit card accounts because they want to show that they have a long history of properly using credit.
Your home is probably the largest purchase you will ever make in your life, and is the one purchase that can make the biggest impact on your credit score. When you purchase a home, you're showing the bureaus that you can consistently budget yourself to pay a large portion of your income towards an account on a monthly basis. There are a number of reasons people with great credit scores refuse to rent, and the impact of paying a mortgage on their scores is one of them. When a first time homebuyer finally closes on their home and pays the mortgage on time for a few months, they will see their credit score jump around 50 points - and sometimes higher!
People with great credit scores haven't achieved anything too terribly difficult - they've merely adopted some fantastic spending habits. If you would like to earn a great credit score, borrow these habits and watch your score climb. Along with your score, your financial health should benefit, as well!
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A word blend is formed by combining two separate words with different meanings to form a new one. These words are often created to describe a new invention or phenomenon that combines the definitions or traits of two existing things.
"You see it's like a portmanteau—there are two meanings packed up into one word."
There are different ways of creating word blends. One way is to combine portions of two other words to make a new one. These word fragments are called morphemes, the smallest units of the smallest units of meaning in a language. The word "camcorder," for example," combines parts of "camera" and "recorder." Word blends can also be created by joining a full word with a portion of another word, called a splinter. For example, the word "motorcade" combines "motor" plus a portion of "cavalcade."
Word blends can also be formed by overlapping or combining phonemes, which are parts of two words that sound alike. One example of an overlapping word blend is "Spanglish," which is an informal mix of spoken English and Spanish. Blends can also be formed through omission of phonemes. Geographers sometimes refer "Eurasia," the land mass that combines Europe and Asia. This blend is formed by taking the first syllable of "Europe" and adding it to the word "Asia."
English is a dynamic language that is constantly evolving. Many of the words in the English language are derived from ancient Latin and Greek or from other European languages such as German or French. But starting in the 20th century, blended words began to emerge to describe new technologies or cultural phenomena. For instance, as dining out became more popular, many restaurants began serving a new weekend meal in the late morning. It was too late for breakfast and too early for lunch, so someone decided to make a new word that described a meal that was a little bit of both. Thus, "brunch" was born.
As new inventions changed the way people lived and worked, the practice of combining parts of words to make new ones became popular. In the 1920s, as traveling by car become more common, a new kind of hotel that catered to drivers emerged. These "motor hotels" quickly proliferated and became known as "motels." In 1994, when a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel opened, connecting France and Great Britain, it quickly became known as the "Chunnel," a word blend of "Channel" and "tunnel."
New word blends are being created all the time as cultural and technological trends emerge. In 2018, Merriam-Webster added the word "mansplaining" to their dictionary. This blended word, which combines "man" and "explaining," was coined to describe the habit that some men have of explaining things in a condescending manner.
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Studio strobe flash is a great artificial light source for those who need more light to adequately illuminate their subjects.
Strobes also provide the photographer with a lot of flexibility, since they can be acquired in packages that include multiple lights.
It's true that strobe flash is really more for professional studio photographers, but there are also plenty of amateur photographers out there who can leverage the power that a strobe flash provides.
Despite the name, a studio is not required — you can set up one of these lights in the living room if you so desire.
One of the main reasons that external flash units are so popular is because they are relatively inexpensive, provide great results and are immensely portable.
If you want, the flash unit can go in your camera bag and travel everywhere your digital SLR goes.
Strobe flash units are not so easy to tote around. They are bulky, heavy and - unlike a small external flash - require a light stand to sit on.
A second issue with strobes is that they are really only useful for non-moving subjects, or subjects that move in predictable ways (i.e. runners going around a track).
This is because once the strobe is set up on the stand, it's not all that mobile: you can easily move the position of the camera relative to the light, but moving the light is no easy task.
Unlike an external flash attached to the camera's hot shoe, you can't run down the street lugging a digital SLR and a strobe.
The flip side to all these limitations is a simple one: more power.
Strobe flash units put out significantly more light than their external flash counterparts. The large flash bulbs and the hefty flash casings are designed to blast your subject with light.
The greater volume of light put out by a strobe means that you can use low ISO settings, reducing the noise and improving the quality of your images.
Strobes are also compatible with a wide range of flash modifiers including umbrellas, soft boxes and barn doors (all of which help you get more professional-looking results from your flash photography.
Given their size, bulk and cost, why would the average armchair photographer feel compelled to go out and get a strobe instead of a nice simple external flash unit?
Notice that in both instances, I'm talking about your desire to take portraits.
Action photographers aren't going to get a whole lot of use out of a strobe, and are better served by getting the more compact and portable external flash units.
However, if you're tired of paying the high cost of the annual Christmas photo (and the kids are sick and tired of getting dressed up to go to the mall) then a strobe might be just what you need.
Can you get the same results that they get in those commercial studios? I believe you can (the image below was taken in my living room).
While it will take some time and practice for you to figure out how to place the strobe and adjust your camera settings, once you get everything in the right spot, the results that you can achieve with a good digital SLR and a strobe are equivalent (if not better) than what most mass-market studios can capture.
The reason that you can often get better results with your own camera and strobe is because your subjects feel comfortable.
Small children are significantly happier at home, and if it's Mom or Dad taking the photos rather than some complete stranger, they're often more likely to pose and behave for the entire photo session.
As for the increased cost of a strobe: just consider how much you have to pay for prints at professional studios.
Once you realize that there's no session fee, reduced printing fees (if you order online), and less headaches and family strife, a strobe flash can be an economical way of capturing those seasonal portraits that the grandparents love so much.
Unlike all compact external flash units - where the power output of the flash is described by the guide number - the power of most strobes is listed in Watt Seconds (WS).
Unfortunately, the use of Watt Seconds is even more muddled than the use of guide numbers for external flashes.
Here's why: a Watt Second is NOT a measure of light output, it's a measure of electrical energy.
The issue here is how efficiently that electrical energy is converted into light, and this particular task is left up to the flash bulb on the strobe.
Let's say that you have two studio strobes from two different manufacturers and that one is listed as a 300 WS light, while the other is listed as 200 WS.
Let's also say that the bulb on the 300WS light only coverts 50% of all that power to light, while the bulb on the 200WS light converts 80% of its power to light.
Turns out the 200WS strobe puts out more light than the 300WS strobe.
While this example is extreme - to make a point - it helps to clarify why Watt/Seconds can be an inaccurate measure of actual light output when comparing different studio strobes.
Many small external flash units run off the same basic power source: your standard AA battery.
Since they put out more light, strobe flash units also need more power than 4 batteries can produce.
There are two ways to get more power to your strobe: 1) Plug it into the wall with a power cord or 2) plug it into a rechargeable battery.
The first option is by far the most economical, since the standard way to power most strobes is to plug them into a wall socket.
There are no extra battery packs to purchase - all you need to get up and running is the strobe, a power cord, and an electrical outlet.
But depending upon your shooting style and what you'd ultimately like to photograph with your strobe, this may not be the simplest solution.
If you take your strobe on location where there are available sockets, you still need to find a way to plug the light in. Maybe the best location for the light won't be anywhere near a power source - in this case, the simple extension cord will be your best friend.
Now the only issue is that you have a power cord stretched out across the floor - a great thing for everyone to trip over (depending upon the type of event you're trying to photograph).
None of these power cord issues will affect you if you use a battery pack.
You can set up the strobe anywhere you like whether there's available wall sockets or not. You can even take your strobe out into the middle of a field - if you so desire - and light up a subject in the great outdoors.
And should your battery fail for some reason you can always resort to plugging the strobe into the wall (battery-powered strobes allow you to do both).
The only drawback to the battery solution: rechargeable strobe batteries are incredibly expensive, and will add a lot to the price of the strobe.
If you have the money to spend then I highly recommend a battery pack for its immense flexibility, but if you'd like to get up and running with strobe flash without cleaning out your bank account, then the powered option is the way to go.
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After coming to terms with James, the Lakers filled out their roster by signing veterans Michael Beasley, JaVale McGee, Rajon Rondo and Lance Stephenson. The over/under is 222 at the time of writing, so my advice is: If you're thinking about betting this over because "the Lakers want to play fast", the point of this paragraph is to tell you that's already baked into the number.
James, who in July signed a four-year, $154 million contract with the Lakers, joins a roster that includes promising but untested players like 20-year-old Lonzo Ball, 21-year-old Brandon Ingram and 23-year-olds Kyle Kuzma and Josh Hart.
Despite James himself saying the Lakers are a long way from challenging the Golden State Warriors, fellow analyst Kenny Smith said the Lakers are in "win now" mode. It's not hard to imagine them being a.500 team with better health past year. This is the first team in National Basketball Association history to have three players on the roster who ranked top seven in assists the year before. "So, we'll get a good amount of guys out there". While I do have some concerns regarding three-point shooting and size, I think this team has all the tools to be successful.
While the points per game average might not rise for Ingram this season due to James commanding most of the shots in the Lakers offense, the biggest sense of growth and improvement for Ingram will show in his efficiency numbers as well as his shooting percentages.
"We're working on this 18 months to two years in advance, and we didn't know where he was going", Petrie said.
Added Harkless: "If I'm in a full court sprint, or have to chase someone down, I'm going to catch them". They are not going to win.
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In Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union and in China, layers of the old bureaucracy have benefited, transforming themselves into a parasitic capitalist class, while millions of workers and their families have been impoverished, particularly in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
In China, the process has been somewhat different, with a rigidly controlled gradual return to capitalism as Deng Xiaoping and the elite that followed him rejected the "shock therapy" employed in Russia and Eastern Europe partly in the interests of trying to assure their own survival. Nevertheless, there are clear limitations to this introduction of capitalism by "stages". The process in China could be marked in the very near future by a huge economic crisis, accompanied by political convulsions involving mass uprisings on the pattern of Tiananmen Square. This could challenge both the remnants of Stalinism in the state machine and the new capitalist elite. All of this seems immaterial to CR as he crudely approves of a return to capitalism in China as if it was a rerun of the "relatively progressive" role of capitalism which Marx and Engels described in the 19th century. It is not; this is because the world background is entirely different. Moreover, Marx and Engels pointed out that what capitalism achieved in that period of upswing could have been superseded with three times less actual cost and human suffering if the means of production were in state hands and planning and control of their use was already on the basis of democratic, socialist principles.
The return to capitalism in China is happening precisely at that historical moment when capitalism confronts its greatest problems as a world system. Similarly, this will result in huge mass movements of the working class, the poor and the peasantry. In this process, people like CR could find themselves either on the sidelines, preaching against the "simple-minded", that is, the socialist forces, or could actually find themselves on the other side of the barricades.
Speaking about the bureaucratic nationalisations that took place in Sri Lanka in the past he correctly underlines the fact that privileged groups gained from this. This was not at all the democratic socialism as envisaged by the LSSP or by Trotskyism today. It was a form of "state capitalism", although, under the pressure of events, the majority of industry was actually nationalised temporarily in Sri Lanka. Was this, on balance, a good or a bad thing? CR says no, because of the bureaucratic distortions which followed these nationalisations.
There is nothing in his approach that can be compared with that of Engels in the nineteenth century, who said that when the capitalists were forced to "nationalise" particular industries this was an expression of the "invading socialist revolution". By this he meant that in certain branches of industry, particularly utilities, the capitalists were demonstrating their incapacity to maintain these industries and make them viable under private ownership. Their state was therefore forced to step in. There were, however, clear limitations to this process but nevertheless these nationalisations were generally progressive. The task of Marxists was to support such measures but also to argue that they should be extended to the whole of the "commanding heights" of industry and, moreover, be accompanied by democratic workers’ control and management.
Privatisation – "a good thing"!
CR clearly rejects this. He now, astonishingly, claims that, "Opening up the (Sri Lankan) economy was a good thing". Thus, the introduction of Free Trade Zones in Sri Lanka, representing a significant concession to imperialism, with the super-exploitation of the working class and the privatisation of formerly nationalised industries which went along with them, were "good things". These measures did not satisfy the demands of the Sri Lankan people or of the economy but nevertheless were a "good thing" for a small gang of capitalists and imperialists.
This just shows how far CR has departed from a principled socialist position. His "socialism" is mere verbiage and rhetoric. In reality, he stands for reforming the existing system, of purging this system of its more "chauvinist" and "corrupt" elements. In that sense, like many liberals in the neo-colonial world, and in the advanced industrial countries for that matter, he stands for a more "humane capitalism". We reject that conclusion as utopian. We stand by a principled socialist and revolutionary position, no matter how many faint-hearts have abandoned these ideas.
CR’s comments on the history of Sri Lanka and the "peace process" are also mistaken. The USP has put forward a Marxist analysis in its perspectives documents and in the party paper in relation to the LTTE . It is true that some of the Tamil people who live in Jaffna also criticise the methods of the LTTE in relation to particular actions, including the suicide bombings and other killings. But, in spite of all that, in general Tamil people take the side of the LTTE against the Sinhala chauvinists and the state who are not prepared to accept the self-determination of the Tamil-speaking people. In this situation, Marxists have to be very balanced when they criticise and take a position. They must be sure not to put the cart before the horse in the sense of seeing who is primarily responsible – the Sinhala bourgeois and British imperialism in the past - for the horrific and long-lasting crisis in the country over the national question.
Addressing Siri and Bahu on the national question CR states: "Your rhetoric sounds to me like medieval theology, condemning local and global capitalists for every conceivable issue and problem under the sun. When the Norwegians were promoting peace in Sri Lanka, both Bahu and Siri condemned them as agents of global capitalism". But, notwithstanding his jeering tone, the Norwegians are indeed agents of global capitalism, specifically US imperialism. That does not mean to say that in acting on behalf of imperialism some of their demands and actions cannot sometimes coincide, partially at least, with the wishes of the working class and the majority of the people. Organising and facilitating the "peace process", as limited and as temporary as this is, was nevertheless welcomed by the majority of Tamils and Sinhalese.
We have always argued that weak Sri Lankan capitalism was incapable of solving the national question in Sri Lanka. They have been pushed by the pressure of the situation – war-weariness, economic cost etc. - and by imperialism to find some form of agreement with the Tamil Tigers for the survival of their own capitalist system. Even if an agreement can be arrived at, it will only be temporary. We can urge critical support for a peace agreement. If it brings a period of relative peace, and allows a certain growth in economic activity, this will strengthen the working class and prepare it for new struggles.
But we warn at the same time that the national problem cannot be solved within the context of weak and ailing Sri Lankan capitalism. This, we have consistently argued, would only be possible on the basis the socialist transformation of society. This would entail the uniting of the Sinhala and Tamil-speaking workers in industry and in agriculture and fishing in the struggle to end capitalist exploitation and for a society in which the fullest democratic rights for all peoples and minorities would be assured.
We cannot speak for Bahu, but Siri and the USP, while pointing to the limitations of the Norwegians’ actions, were to the fore in both giving "critical support" to the limited steps towards peace and, moreover, in the case of Siri, being in the vanguard in anticipating that such a development was not only possible but likely. That does not mean to say that Marxists and Trotskyists would give unqualified and uncritical support to this process. It is vital to take an independent class position on the ‘peace process’ and not go behind Ranil or Chandrika’s capitalist ‘solutions’. The working class needs to come out with its own solution to the national question and take what actions are possible to further this process. This is what Siri and the USP have done in trying to forge links, and very successfully, between Tamil and Sinhalese workers, both in the north and the south.
This has been done while CR has been sitting in New York and has not dirtied his hands in such actions. He also makes a fatuous comment about the approach of the LTTE when he writes: "People ask why the LTTE needs a Navy if they have moved away from the quest for a separate state." As he himself indicates, this is the gossip of the largely petty bourgeois layers "in the USA, in Egypt, in Colombo". In other words, it is the Sinhalese petty bourgeois who suspect the motives of the LTTE. The USP holds no uncritical brief for the LTTE; we demand democracy and trade union rights in the areas that they control. But in an unresolved war – and that is what Sri Lanka faces at the moment – a guerrilla liberation movement like the LTTE will inevitably retain its weapons until there is a fully agreed peace.
This was and is the situation in Northern Ireland with the IRA retaining its weapons, as did the Protestant paramilitaries, even now, despite the "Good Friday Agreement" and the establishment of "peace". (In Ireland, there is even more sectarian polarisation than existed during the war.) In South Africa, the ANC did likewise and, in fact, the "peace process" between 1990 and 1994 was accompanied by an elemental and sometimes brutal civil war between the African masses and Buthelezi’s killing squads as well as with the right-wing Afrikaner ‘resistance’. Whether CR likes it or not, in such a conflict an army based upon an oppressed minority will usually retain its weapons – and its sources of supply as well – until assured that it is safe to dispense with them.
From every point of view, CR’s document is a break from genuine Trotskyism. While theoretically answering him and others, we, the CWI and the USP, will proceed in furthering the struggle which we have already successfully engaged in, rebuilding on the basis of the real Samasamajist traditions. This means laying the foundations for a mass revolutionary party that can win the majority of the workers of Sri Lanka and draw behind them the poor peasantry to establish the only solution to their problems, a democratic and socialist Sri Lanka as part of a socialist confederation of the region.
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AmerisourceBergen Corporation is an American drug wholesale company that was formed by the merger of Bergen Brunswig and AmeriSource in 2001. They provide drug distribution and related services designed to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes, distribute a line of brand name and generic pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter (OTC) health care products and home health care supplies and equipment to a wide variety of health care providers located throughout the United States, including acute care hospitals and health systems, independent and chain retail pharmacies, mail-order facilities, physicians, clinics and other alternate site facilities, as well as skilled nursing and assisted living centers. They also provide pharmaceuticals and pharmacy services to long-term care, workers' compensation and specialty drug patients.
AmerisourceBergen was formed in 2001 following the merger of AmeriSource Health Corporation and Bergen Brunswig Corporation. AmeriSource and Bergen were both successful pharmaceutical distributors that served similar markets but covered somewhat different geographies. Bringing the two together gave the company a strong national presence that was geared especially towards serving independent community pharmacies, regional retail chain pharmacies, hospitals, physician offices, clinics and other alternate care facilities.
AmerisourceBergen has 26 pharmaceutical distribution centers in the US, nine distribution centers in Canada, four specialty distribution centers in the US, and over 1 million square feet of packaging production capacity in the US and the UK. With the addition of World Courier, the largest specialty courier company in the world, over 150 company-owned offices around the globe were added to the company.
In 2012 the state of West Virginia filed a lawsuit against AmerisourceBergen On 5/17/2015, the West Virginia Gazette reported, "AmerisourceBergen, the nation’s third largest drug wholesaler, shipped 80.3 million hydrocodone pills and 38.4 million oxycodone pills to West Virginia over the five-year span — the highest totals for both drugs by any company named in the state’s lawsuit, according to the filing. and that "The lawsuit alleges that the companies have helped fuel the state’s pain pill epidemic by shipping excessive amounts of prescription painkillers to southern West Virginia pharmacies."
AmerisourceBergen operates its pharmaceutical distribution business under four primary units: AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation (ABDC), AmerisourceBergen Specialty Group (ABSG), AmerisourceBergen Consulting Services (ABCS) and World Courier. In March 2016 Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. announced it would exercise an option to purchase 22.7 million shares of AmerisourceBergen stock and thereby control 15% of the company.
Good Neighbor Pharmacy is an American retailers' cooperative network of more than 3,400 independently owned and operated pharmacies. It has a business affiliation with AmerisourceBergen, which sponsors the network and owns the name "Good Neighbor Pharmacy" Good Neighbor Pharmacy is the sponsor for "Thought Spot" the annual trade show held in Las Vegas.
ThoughtSpot is a four-day trade show put on by Good Neighbor Pharmacy held in or around July in Las Vegas aimed for and limited to community and independent pharmacies.
Exhibitors are represented throughout the healthcare industry including, brand name, generic and over the counter products. ThoughtSpot 2013 was hosted at the MGM Grand, Las Vegas from July 24 to July 27. Special guest musical performance by Bret Michaels capped off the week on July 27 at a special attendee-only closing event.
KnowledgeDriven is a resource site sponsored by AmerisourceBergen.
1 2 3 4 5 6 "Annual Report 2015". AmerisourceBergen Corp. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
↑ "AmerisourceBergen, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Aug 30, 2001". secdatabase.com. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
↑ "AmerisourceBergen - Fortune 500 2015". Fortune 500 2015. Fortune. Archived from the original on June 2015. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
↑ "Eight area companies make Fortune 500". Philadelphia Business Journal. May 28, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
↑ Jon Kamp (27 June 2012). "West Virginia Sues Drug Distributors in Pill-Abuse Fight". WSJ. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
↑ "Charleston Gazette-Mail - Drug firms shipped 40M pain pills a year to WV". Charleston Gazette-Mail. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
↑ Leeclaire, George (2016-03-18). "Walgreens Boots buys bigger stake in AmerisourceBergen". Associated Press. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
↑ "Events". AmerisourceBergen. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 2013-06-11.
↑ "About". Retrieved 23 January 2016.
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With water plentiful, scientists think it was a place where primitive life could have thrived by feeding on rocks and minerals similar to tiny organisms on Earth that hide in caves and underwater vents. P.] Around 3.5 billion years ago, Mars underwent a shift and raged with volcanic activity. [NP] The bones appear to have been cut and smashed some 3.4 million years ago, the first evidence of stone tool use by Australopithecus Afarensis, the species best known for the dubbed 'Lucy,' says researcher Zeresenay Alemseged. .'] chip away at beliefs on human ancestors ['The Kenyan site was discovered one day in July 2011 ... The brain case, the lower jaw with most of its teeth, both collar bones, many vertebrae and ribs, the fingers, both kneecaps and the delicate bone that holds open the throat, called the hyoid, are all present. The fossil is understood to be 500,000 years older than anything previously discovered south of Tanzania.NASA's older rovers Spirit and Opportunity found geologic evidence that water flowed during this time, but it was highly acidic and considered too caustic for life. P.] Scientists thought much of the planet had been awash in acidic water until Curiosity earlier this year found signs of an old streambed near its landing site with a neutral p H. [....] The oldest confirmed stone tools are less than 2.6 million years old, perhaps from only a little before the emergence of the genus Homo." [Based on: News Services article (Find rewrites history of tool use), p. [....] The fossil-hunting team happened upon the skeleton in 2000 in a region plagued by extreme heat, flash floods, malaria, wild beasts and occasional shootouts between rival ethnic groups. Researchers estimate the child may have been 3 years old. It is said to show that our ancestors had greater genetic diversity than previously believed and were spread far wider across Africa.
[....]" [Based on: Chicago Tribune article (Fossil of oldest child uncovered) by Peter Gorner, p. Although the remains are said to be those of a hominid - a human-like being who walked upright, the brain appears to have been the size of a tennis ball - only a third of the size of a modern human brain."The first discovery of an early hominid species in Africa was by Raymond Dart, who found a well preserved skull of a juvenile in South Africa in 1924.
His discovery led to an intense focus on Africa as the probable site of human origins and early development, as Charles Darwin had earlier predicted. - "[....] And indeed the earliest-known stone tools, found in Gona, Ethiopia, suggest that 2.5 million years ago meat was a central part of hominines' diet.
Thus, we are moving closer to the grand center, and will pass into Treta Yuga around the year 4099 A.
D. [....]" - Woolly rhino / Tibet - "[....] The recently uncovered Tibetan woolly rhino, named Coelodonta thibetana, lived in the middle Pliocene around 3.7 million years ago, before the Ice Age, or Pleistocene, began about 2.8 million years ago. D., 05/21/15] - "A 3.3-million-year-old skeleton of a young child curled into a ball no bigger than a cantaloupe - described as 'a bright beam of light' on human evolution - was unveiled Wednesday [09/20/06 - even though it was discovered in 2000, six years ago! [NP = new paragraph] The bones may be the best fossil yet found of the primitive human ancestor Australopithecus afarensis.
13] - [First published by Times Books (as The Times Compact Atlas of World History) 1995 - updated and reprinted 2002] 2.3 Million - Homo / Ethiopia - "An upper jaw of early Homo, the genus to which modern humans belong, was recovered with primitive stone tools at Hadar, Ethiopia.
Dated to 2.33 million years, they represent the oldest firmly dated association of stone tools with a fossil human ancestor.
C.] ascribed 2,160,000 years to the period 'between creation and universal catastrophe.' " [Based on: Fingerprints Of The Gods, p.
"Theoretical date marking the beginning of another Maha Yuga, or Great Age [traditionally a cycle of 4,320,000 years] and the beginning of the world's most recent Satya Yuga [Also: Krta Yuga, Krita Yuga], or Golden Age [traditionally a cycle of 1,728,000 years]." [- E.
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As an American born in Mexico City, who then spent her earliest years living in London, Steffi has always believed that she was “born into a passion for travel.” Her ventures across the globe have since been fueled by a fierce passion to explore outside the familiar, discover new places and share her knowledge gained with others. Growing up, Steffi traveled extensively to ski destinations like Vail and European countries like Belgium (where she studied for a year), but after spending the past three years living in Northern California, she has cultivated a deeper appreciation for natural landscapes that exist outside city walls. The next trip on her bucket list? Spending a year exploring South America by motorcycle and becoming fluent in Spanish.
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Apply this to the American government. The so-called “conservative” movement has spent decades opposing every evil political policy, reckless spending, socialized medicine, Agenda 21, etc. Despite their soapbox condemnation, all those things continue.
Even when we elect supposedly conservative majorities, or Republican majorities, truly good government is never restored. We're calling out government overreach, but we're not always advocating for, and leading people in, the works of Christian Constitutionalism.
Conservatism tends to be against something, but rarely is it for something. Perhaps if we spent more time being "for" the works, policies, and teachings of Christian Constitutionalism and working to implement the same, then Christian Constitutionalism would naturally replace all the unconstitutional, ungodly policies without having to continually fight against every manifestation of tyranny.
Please understand the role of Christianity in government is to help people become better, freer, and more prosperous citizens.
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What are the precautions when ordering a PVC card?
Q: What are the precautions when ordering a PVC card?
1), numbering: can be flat number, inkjet number, small embossing number, large embossing number，laser number and so on. The size of the convex code can be bronzing or hot silver. Note that the embossing number can not be vertically arranged, the non-standard card can not be used to punch the embossing number, the matt card (matte card) can only be inkjet number, can not play the flat number, can not play the bar code.
2) If you need silk screen gold bottom or silk screen silver bottom, please specify otherwise. If there is no special explanation, the company can only print directly according to the design color.
3), the thickness of the card: If there is no special explanation, the company will print the standard thickness (0.76mm).
4), because each print has a certain color difference. If there is a sample card, it will be based on the sample card. It should be as close as possible to the color of the sample card when printing, but it is impossible to reach 100%. If the customer has very strict color requirements, the number of cards is relatively large. If the delivery time permits, the coated paper should be printed first to confirm the printing effect. A single quantity (less than 10,000 sheets) is imprinted, and the color difference is regarded as normal within 10%.
5), the final color effect of the card is different from the color effect seen on the computer monitor, even if the same design manuscript will look different on different monitors (for example, in liquid crystal display (LCD) It looks different from looking at a normal display (CRT)}.
6), the thickness of the line can not be less than 0.076, otherwise the printed lines are not clear.
7), the distance from the convex code to the card edge should be a minimum of 4-5mm; the distance from the magnetic strip to the edge is 4mm, and the width of the magnetic strip is 12mm.
8), the size of each character of the small convex code is 3mm, and the size of each large convex code is 4mm.
9), text, symbols, patterns, please turn into a curve.
10) Since the card printing carrier is different, the printed product will have a certain color difference with the printed or printed color of the computer. Printing is done according to the CMYK color book. The computer screen color and the printer print color cannot be used as the printing color.
11), the shading or basemap color should not be set below 8%, so as not to be able to display when the finished product is printed.
12) Non-standard cards need to be opened separately, the construction period is longer and the mold fee is required. Non-standard cards can't be flat coded, can't be bar coded, can't make convex code, can only be coded.
13), the convex code can not be vertical (ie, the convex code can not be parallel with the short side of the card, only parallel with the long side).
14), matt (matte), plus laser, use transparent materials, plus packaging bags, etc. need to add fees, special instructions should be placed when placing orders.
15), PVC card design size 88.5mm × 57 mm (including bleeding position), finished product size is 85.5mm × 54 mm.
16) The format of the file is CORLDRAW 9.0 or PHOTOSHOP.
14. What issues should I pay attention to when placing a smart card?
1) Before the IC and ID card are placed, it must be stated which chip model and card thickness (thick card, medium-thick card, thin card), white card or printing.
2) Before ordering, you must confirm that the selected chip model can be used normally on your own system. If you choose the chip improperly, the chip will not be used normally. This risk is borne by the customer. Therefore, you must first test the chip model before ordering.
3) Since the chip card has restrictions on the position of the convex code, please consult our merchandiser before determining the position of the convex code before designing the manuscript.
4) Under normal circumstances, the choice of domestic chips, the price will be much cheaper than the original chip. Therefore, we recommend that customers try to use domestic chips. The compatible models of domestic chips and imported chips can be found on the website.
5) The standard thickness of the contact chip card is 0.84 mm, and the thickness of the non-contact chip card is 0.90 mm-1.10 mm.
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What does Brexit mean for East Asia?
Bilahari Kausikan is Ambassador-at-Large of Singapore.
From 2001 to 2013, he was Second Permanent Secretary and then Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He had previously served in a variety of appointments, such as Director of Southeast Asia, Director for East Asia and the Pacific and as Deputy for Southeast Asia.
Ambassador Kausikan has also served as the Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York and as Ambassador to the Russian Federation. He has been awarded the Public Administration Medal (Gold) and the Pingat Jasa Gemilang (Meritorious Service Medal) by the Government of Singapore.
He has also been awarded the Order of Bernado O’Higgins with the rank of Gran Crus by the President of the Republic of Chile, and the Oman Civil Merit by the Sultan of Oman.
Ambassador Kausikan was educated at Raffles Institution, the University of Singapore, and Columbia in New York City.
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Design ideas for the space above kitchen cabinets. 5 ways to use the space above your kitchen cabinets. Kitchen white cabinets black countertops. Antique hutch: artificial pothos ledge plant with long.
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For other uses, see Bear Lake (disambiguation).
The first known inhabitants of the Bear Lake Valley were Shoshone tribes, but the area was known to many Native Americans. The first record of whites seeing the lake is from 1818 when French-Canadian trappers working for the North West Company followed the Bear River upstream to the valley.
Although the lake lies relatively near the Oregon Trail, which runs north and east of the lake, and was traveled by many pioneers between 1836 and the 1850s, it seems none of them went south enough to view the lake. It was not until 1863 that Mormon pioneers led by Charles C. Rich settled in the Bear Lake Valley, but they made an agreement with Native Americans which left most of the Utah portion of the valley in Indian possession. The Mormons gradually moved south and established the villages of Garden City, Pickelville, and Laketown, each along the lake's shore.
In later years, Bear Lake became a resort and recreation area, with many developers selling lake shore and mountain view lots. The beaches of Lakota and Ideal were given to private development in the 1970s, including the Blue Water and Sweetwater developments. The State of Utah bought the far southeast beach for use as a state park, and the state also operates a marina on the lake's west side.
Environmental concerns have arisen with the ongoing development of the area. The lake is diked on the Idaho side and downstream Bear River water users use it as a reservoir.
The lake and surrounding areas are a popular summer tourist destination. The lake has many marinas, beaches, and two tourist towns in Utah: Garden City and Laketown. It also has two state parks, each named Bear Lake State Park: one in Idaho, one in Utah. The Utah state park includes one-half-mile-long Rendezvous Beach at the south end of the lake, location of the 1827 and 1828 Rocky Mountain Rendezvous, and three-mile-long Cisco Beach on the east side, plus additional campground, marina, and boat ramp areas. The Idaho state park includes a north and an east unit, each with a one-mile-long beach. Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge extends up from the north end of the lake.
Bear Lake has a high rate of endemism (native species not naturally found anywhere else). Several species evolved in the lake's waters, but after the diversion of the Bear River into the lake, many of these have gone extinct. Remaining known endemic species of fish include the Bear Lake strain of the Bonneville Cutthroat Trout, Bonneville cisco, Bonneville whitefish, Bear Lake whitefish, and Bear Lake sculpin. There have been attempts to transplant these species to other areas without success, with the exception of the Bear Lake Cutthroat Trout strain. This trout has flourished in other large bodies of cool water, including Strawberry Reservoir and Scofield Reservoir.
Water from the lake is used for irrigation in the nearby Bear Valley in southeast Idaho, and for recreational fishing. The lake drains via the Bear River Outlet, completed in 1915 into the Bear River which eventually flows into the northeast portion of Great Salt Lake.
Many residents of northern Utah, southern Idaho, and western Wyoming come to Bear Lake for summer vacations due to its proximity and abundance of recreational activities.
Bear Lake has become famous for the surrounding valley's crops of raspberries and for the annual Raspberry Days festival held in Garden City to celebrate the harvest of raspberries, generally during the first week of August. This event is said to bring thousands of people from all over the world and features rodeos, parades, fireworks, dances, a craft fair, "Miss Berry Princess contest", raspberry recipe cookoff, a talent show, fun run and concerts. A majority of the original Bear Lake Raspberry plants were infected with a virus during 2001, with less than five acres surviving. This epidemic resulted in most of the large berry business in Garden City being wiped out. Some acreages were replaced by virus resistant plants and although some varieties of raspberries are resilient to the virus, none can produce fruit as succulent and sweet as the traditional plants. The raspberry business has since been redeveloped and the world-famous raspberries are again thriving in the valley. Most of the raspberry farming has redeveloped in the southern end of the valley with Mrs. Shock's Classroom producing jams, jellies, syrups and ice cream. Fresh berries are available in season (usually the last two weeks of July through the first two weeks of August) and products are available through local retailers, statewide retailers and online for national distribution.
^ a b c Bear Lake Geological Background: Endemism Archived May 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ Bear Lake Geological Background: Tectonism Archived May 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine U.S. Geological Survey.
^ Bear Lake State Park: In Depth Archived September 24, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Utah State Parks and Recreation.
^ a b Bear Lake Raspberry Days. Utah Outdoor Activities.
^ "Mountain Men and Life in the Rocky: Rendezvous".
^ Eddins, Ned O. "Mountain Man Rendezvous Sites". Archived from the original on 2012-11-15.
^ Bear Lake Archived 2006-07-24 at the Wayback Machine. Utah Division of Water Quality.
^ "Oncorhynchus clarkii utah (Suckley, 1874) (Bonneville Cutthroat Trout)".
^ a b "Bonneville Cisco". Archived from the original on 2012-10-31.
^ Deseret Digital Media Bear Lake Raspberry Days[ permanent dead link]. The Logan Library.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bear Lake (Idaho–Utah).
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Isn't it time to start speaking about "European surgeons"?
Emergency surgery has become a neglected specialization in Europe and in many other parts of the world. In certain medical fields, emergency surgery isn't even considered an autonomous specialization. However every emergency surgeon must have a good formation in General Surgery but exist huge disparities between different European surgical formative systems.
An analysis of the main problems of the European surgical formative system was conducted.
This discrepancy between formative systems is absolutely unacceptable and presents a notable hazard for the European Union, considering that surgical certifications are reciprocally recognized between programs within all European Union states.
Considering the increasing possibilities to move inside the European Union, is necessary to improve the European surgical formative system to warrant an uniform formation for all surgeons.
In the January issue of your journal there was an editorial denouncing the grave problem regarding many surgeons' insufficient preparation when faced with emergency surgeries. Emergency surgery has become a neglected specialization in Europe and in many other parts of the world. In certain medical fields, emergency surgery isn't even considered an autonomous specialization. The flawed logic behind this idea is that every surgeon, skilled and proficient in his or her specific field of expertise, should also be capable of operating normally in the high stress environment of emergency surgery. However, this assertion is incontrovertibly false; this problem must be addressed, beginning with the restructuring of training programs for young surgeons. Both general surgery training and emergency surgery specialization must be crafted to better prepare surgeons for emergency interventions. Furthermore, every emergency surgeon should have substantial experience in general surgery before specializing.
The stark disparities between different European surgical formative systems are becoming increasingly distinct and recognizable. There are 27 individual countries in the European Union (EU), each of which having a distinctly different formative program. Some of these systems provide young surgeons with satisfactory theoretical and practical instructional backgrounds for the emergency surgery field. However, other less fortunate formative systems lack the support and training opportunities necessary to foster competent surgeons. If research were to be conducted, the results would inevitably demonstrate that the most stagnant and inflexible systems exist where there is the least amount of opportunities to learn and practice as a developing surgeon. This is common sense and hardly newsworthy, but it has dramatic implications for those dedicated and capable individuals who wish to improve their surgical skills, yet are hindered by such dysfunctional preparatory systems. The main problem is that certain systems do not mandate a minimum theoretical and practical understanding of a given field, whether initially during general surgery exercises or later during specialization. This instructional laxity is absolutely unacceptable and presents a notable hazard for the EU, considering that surgical certifications are reciprocally recognized between programs within all EU states. Every high-risk endeavour requires uniform preparation and training for its respective operatives, just as it is for the standardized emergency protocols regarding airports and airplanes. In this way, standardized courses of action are indoctrinated, thereby encouraging sensible responses when stressful environments prevent one from making calm, calculated decisions on an individual basis. Everyone would benefit from a unified system throughout the EU, one that has been scrupulously cross-examined by different parties to ensure high treatment standards. This could only be achieved by actively preparing medical students, the future doctors of tomorrow, for such a significant institutional transition.
One of the main problems of the aforementioned "lax system" is the absolute, incontestable authority conferred to its directors, a jurisdiction that can never be effectively challenged or disputed by surgeons in training. Furthermore, surgical students cannot choose between programs. Young impressionable surgeons are often forced to remain in the same facility for the duration of the formative program without having the opportunity to experience different systems and techniques, even if the instruction they receive is clearly inadequate. There is no independent oversight governing these programs and consequently no one is ever truly held accountable. Often, the very instructors themselves are the only individuals that scrutinize performance reviews, consider suggestions, or investigate complaints.
The EU as an institution has already experienced great political and economic success by embracing the poorer European states alongside their wealthier counterparts, thereby spreading prosperity across the continent. But what about cultural, formative, and scientific discrepancies? Shouldn't these be acknowledged as well? Why is it so difficult to continue taking innovative steps in this direction to pioneer a uniform system for medical students? There are many people ready and willing to make this transition; they need only the support of academic institutions and the ability to demonstrate the transition's effectiveness in an international context throughout the EU. Why don't we rally for a uniform European formative program to standardize the different systems, choosing the best qualities from each of them? Why don't we support an efficient and user-friendly exchange program for young surgeons who desire to broaden their professional and cultural horizons? Why don't we allow individuals to freely choose certain features of one's program, thereby creating a personalized curriculum that more closely reflects the needs and interests of a given student? Why don't we mandate that every young surgeon change his or her hospital at least once during their course of study to widen their professional perspectives? Perhaps these aren't the only solutions, but maybe they could begin to reinvigorate these stagnant systems, better preparing young surgeons both during general surgery training and later during specialization.
Both authors gave substantive intellectual contributions to the elaboration of the article. F.C. resumed and elaborated the information from the different European formative systems. D.L. played an essential role on the evaluation of the information and on the definitive draft of the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Imagine standing at a trailhead with a small group of friends. It's early morning, and the air is filled with the scent of pine and honeysuckle. In a nearby tree, a squirrel is chittering away. An eagle circles high overhead, soaring gracefully on unseen air currents. At the trailhead, a weathered trail sign reads simply, "Adventure Ahead!"
And so, without a word, you and your friends smile, pick up your backpacks, and take your first steps into adventure, into excitement, and into the future.
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When it comes to eye problems, one particular factor of great importance in keeping vision healthy is reducing stress. According to statistics from the American Psychological Association, on a scale of 1-10, Americans report stress levels at an 8, 9 or 10 level. While it is well known that high stress levels affect various areas of health causing problems related to high blood pressure, headache, loss of concentration and irritability, did you know that stress can also have a negative effect on your eye health as well?
According to Dr. Duke Peterson, the best way to deal with this issue is to first identify the sources of the stress in your life. Some people identify factors such as being late for work as a possible source of stress. As a result, activities related to rushing and hurrying to get things done can actually contribute to rising stress levels. If this is the case, simply set your watch or your clocks 15-20 minutes ahead. This way you’ll give yourself extra time in terms of your ability to get to work at an earlier time.
Other people identify an overwhelming long to do list that seems never ending. In this case, you can reduce stress by re-organizing your to do list by including only the most important items on the list and prioritizing them. Additionally, you can re-schedule the less important items on that list for a later date. If getting stuck in a traffic jam raises your stress levels, take an alternate route to work where there is less traffic congestion.
A major concern for a lot of people is stress in the workplace. Often, people take on too much at work in terms of work projects and end up finding themselves dealing with a workload that is overwhelming and highly stressful. However, taking on too many projects at once not only raises stress levels, but results in a decrease in your efficiency as your ability to complete high quality projects is reduced. If you are overwhelmed at work, don’t be afraid to ask for help in order to reduce your stress levels. In other words, it is far much better to complete 5 quality projects than it is to complete 8 or 9 that are less than average.
Finally, the workplace situations involve scenarios whereby there is a lot of close up work that is being performed as a result of working on the computer for long hours. Often, this can lead to vision problems related to eye strain, dry eye and even blurry eyesight. Here are some simple relaxation techniques that can help you deal with this problem: Distance seeing is the natural state of the eyes, which is also a state of relaxation. Therefore, get into the habit of taking periodic breaks and focus on distant objects for 10 seconds at every 10 minute interval. This relaxes the eye muscles and soothes the visual system of stress and eye strain. Take deep breaths at the computer along with blinking your eyes frequently. This technique relaxes the eyes, relieves eye strain and also reduces the incidence of dry eye by stimulating the eyes’ natural ability to produce moisture.
Considering the fact that stress and eye strain are the primary causes of vision problems, the application of simple and easy eye relaxation techniques can reduce stress in the visual system. Additionally, making simple changes to your daily schedule in terms of a reduction in your workload at home and at work, can make a difference in reducing stress and eye strain. By achieving both these objectives, ultimately, you’ll be well on your way to maintaining healthier eyesight.
Hi I am Joel King and I welcome your comments. Simply fill out the information in the form to your left.
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Has his presidency been successful?
As Barack Obama nears the end of eight years in the White House, he has several major accomplishments to point to, but a longer list of unfinished initiatives and unrealized ambitions. Obama started strong in 2009 with a Democratic-controlled Congress that approved, in the face of Republican opposition, a much needed economic stimulus and later the intensely controversial Affordable Care Act. But he had fewer legislative victories after 2010, when Republicans won a majority in the House. Obama wound down the U.S. role in Afghanistan and Iraq even as the Islamic State posed new dangers to American interests in the region. The economy has improved, but many Americans are pessimistic about the future. And while Obama had hoped to bring Americans together, race relations remain tense and political polarization persists. In addition, some of Obama's important projects in such areas as immigration, climate change and trade are on hold in the courts or in Congress. His legacy may depend on the outcome of the bitterly divided presidential race between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump.
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In many ways, the depiction of light has already been a significant part of our discussion. We have already discussed the ways in which light is part of colour (tone), and part of modelling. Light, as we saw in our discussion of modelling, often comes from a specific source or direction which can often be easily identified by the viewer. The artist can, moreover, manipulate the light source to draw our attention to particular areas of the painting, or to particular objects or figures in it.
In section a, we shall consider the effects of contrasts between light and dark (chiaroscuro).
In section b we shall discuss the manipulation of light sources in art works.
One of the most important ways in which artists can use light to achieve particular effects is in making strong contrasts between light and dark. This contrast is often described as chiaroscuro. On the other hand, a more muted effect can be generated by minimising such contrasts.
An example of a strong use of chiaroscuro is in Caravaggio's painting of the Conversion of St Paul (1600): click here (external link). Not only does the strong contrast of light and dark add dramatic intensity to the painting, and draw our attention to particular elements in the painting; it also has symbolic value, since this represents a moment of conversion away from the darkness of sin.
We saw in our discussion of modelling that a single light source in a painting enhances the illusion of plasticity. But artists also generate multiple light sources, sometimes with a particular effect in mind.
Look at this painting by Giovanni Girolamo Savoldo, depicting Mary Magdalene seeing Christ for the first time after the resurrection (1535-40): click here (external link). How many light sources are suggested in this painting? Why might this be?
Sometimes the manipulation of light in a painting is related to its composition and other aspects of technique. In the following example, we consider a painting which we also examined in the unit on composition.
Look again at this painting by Hopper (Morning Sun (1952)), which we examined in Unit 5 when discussing composition: click here (external link). The painting is largely shaped by contrasts of light and dark. As we discussed in Unit 5, the composition of the painting is built around a vertical division into three, with the plane of the bed forming a link between the three vertical strips of the painting along the lower part. The distinction between these is largely formed by light and shade: the dark central third of the painting contrasts strongly with the light on either side of it.
Strong contrasts are also evident between the figure of the woman, and the planes either side of her. How has Hopper achieved this?
In this unit, we considered the importance of light in painting.
Where is the light source and in which direction is it falling?
Are the contrasts strong or weak?
How does the artist's use of light and shade affect the mood of the painting?
Is there just one light source, or are there several?
If it is a narrative painting, how does the depiction of light affect our reading of the painting's narrative?
In what ways does the manipulation of light relate to the composition of the painting?
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How does the College of Business Administration MBA program at The University of Rhode Island compare to other MBA programs in Rhode Island, or to online MBA programs and programs in the United States for tuition, GMAT scores, enrollment, student population, rankings, concentrations offered, alumni strength, and more?
In-state tuition and fees for the MBA program at College of Business Administration is $18,753 a year. Of all MBA programs offered in Rhode Island, the average cost for in-state tuition and fees is $29,225 a year. The average cost for in-state tuition and fees for an online MBA program is $34,054 a year.
The average GMAT score to enter into College of Business Administration is N/R* while the average GMAT score to for MBA schools in Rhode Island is 502.25, and the average GMAT score to enter into an online GMAT program is 538.33.
MBA Concentrations offered from The University of Rhode Island's College of Business Administration include Accounting, General Business and you can attend an MBA program offered as Evenings and Weekends, Full-Time, Off Campus, Part-Time.
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How to track FedEx air cargo?
You can track FedEx shipments by air waybill document number (AWB). FedEx AWB starts with airline prefix '023' followed by eight digits. For example, 023-12345675.
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Thomas Jefferson was the 3rd President of the United States of America, the symbolic leader of the country. His presidency began in 1801 and ended in 1809. He was 57 years old when he first began his term of office on March 4, 1801.
He was named after his paternal grandfather 'Thomas Jefferson II' who was a Justice of the Peace and sheriff of Henrico County, Virginia. He had a variety of nicknames including Apostle of the Constitution, Sage of Monticello, Father of the Declaration of Independence, Man of the People, The Pen of the Revolution, Long Tom and The Apostle of Democracy. Many of the nicknames referred to his role as an American Founding Father and as the principal author of the Declaration of Independence.
The picture of Thomas Jefferson portrays an interesting image of what this famous man looked like. The picture shows the clothing and the hairstyle that was fashionable during his presidency. He is described as being 6 feet 2.5 inches, which gave rise to the nickname "Long Tom", and had a slim build, 174 pounds in weight. His unusual height resulted in a stooped, loping walk. He had small, hazel colored eyes and reddish-blond hair that turned gray as he aged and freckles. Thomas Jefferson showed no interest whatsoever in his appearance preferring comfort to fashion. His focus was on his work, not the way he looked - a "Man of the People".
Character and Personality Traits: What was Thomas Jefferson like?
The personality of Thomas Jefferson is described as easy going, open and direct. A great scholar who was diligent and meticulous in his work. A wise and highly intelligent man, some say a genius, and was called the "Sage of Monticello" and the "Father of the Declaration of Independence". Thomas Jefferson preferred his own company to others, a sensitive introvert who appeared reserved to people he did not know.
The important role and duties of the President of the United States of America include those of Chief of State, Chief Diplomat, Chief Executive, Commander in Chief, Legislative Leader and Leader of his own political party. What was Thomas Jefferson famous for? Why was Thomas Jefferson important? The history and life of President Thomas Jefferson during his presidency is conveyed in the following fact file in an easy question and answer format.
What President was Thomas Jefferson?
He was the 3rd President of the United States of America. The dates of his presidency began in 1801 and ended in 1809 (March 4, 1801 to March 3, 1809).
What other political offices did Thomas Jefferson hold before his presidency?
What was Thomas Jefferson' nickname?
Who was Thomas Jefferson' s first lady?
Thomas Jefferson was famous for the events and accomplishments of his presidency, but what are the facts about the man and his private life. Facts and information about the private life of Thomas Jefferson can be found in the following fact file in an easy question and answer format.
When and where was Thomas Jefferson born?
Where was Thomas Jefferson educated and what was his religion?
What did Thomas Jefferson do before he became President of the United States?
Who was Thomas Jefferson' wife and when did they marry? Did they have kids?
When did Thomas Jefferson die?
We hope that the picture, facts and information on President Thomas Jefferson will prove helpful to kids, school children and schools learning about the presidency of this famous American leader.
The facts about Thomas Jefferson provides an overview of the President's character and personality traits. Watch the video and learn more about the major events of his life and his accomplishments. The following Thomas Jefferson video is a useful educational resource for kids, children and schools learning about the life of the US President Thomas Jefferson.
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Link Dissector to Wireshark. How could the Wireshark know when to pass the data stream from a specific type of packet to our new dissector? Wireshark requires from each dissector when it should be called. For example, suppose you have a dissector which decode packets that are transported on the top of TCP on port 250. Each dissector decodes its part of the protocol, and then hands off decoding to subsequent dissectors for an encapsulated protocol.
Every dissection starts with the Frame dissector which dissects the packet details of CIP dissector is embedded to Wireshark so the first question is whether either the UDP dissector finds out using heuristic that the UDP How to write wireshark dissector is a CIP one or whether there is an IANA registered UDP port for CIP, which means that the dissector table udp.
port would contain a line saying that for this port numberm CIP dissector should be Advanced dissector writing Techniques needed for protocols that are complicated: Fragment reassembly Decryption and decompression Conversations and perpacket data Requestresponse matching Cleaning up allocated data Expert info Taps Wireshark will keep trying your dissector for each subsequent segment as well, so that eventually you can find the beginning of a message format you understand.
The TCP packet might be cutoff, because the user set Wireshark to limit the size of Jan 29, 2016 A simpler way to create Wireshark dissectors in Lua Wireshark is an amazing tool. It is open source, works on most major platforms, has powerful capturedisplay filters, has a strong developer and user communities and it even has an annual conference. Wireshark contains dozens of protocol dissectors for the most popular network protocols. In case when some dissector needs to be adjusted or creation of completely new protocol dissector is desired, knowledge of dissector creation procedure might be very useful.
UDP is a packetoriented protocol, so packets for a protocol running atop UDP usually have a onetoone correspondence with UDP packets. TCP is a bytestream oriented protocol, so packets for a protocol running atop TCP have to put their own packet boundaries into the byte stream, with, for example, a packet size field. The standard Wireshark dissector convention is to put protoregisterfoo() and protoreghandofffoo() as the last two functions in the dissector source.
Now at last we get to write some dissecting code. For the moment well leave it as a basic placeholder. first of all Your article helped me write my own dissector to wireshark, THANKS! ! i find it difficult to find a way to convert one of struct fields which is int64 representing UTC from 1601 (FileTime format) to SYSTEMTIME format in order to display in the column the date and time the packet was send.
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Filter Forge 2.0 has an ever-growing library of 7900 filters. Each filter can be adjusted through a variety of settings. But, these filters can be combined to produce very unique effects. The above image was created in less than 5-minutes by combining 4 different filters and a little Photoshop.
1. Photoygraphy 2.0 to add moody color distortion.
Photoygraphy2.0 is a great filter to distort colors and add a slight vignette. I applied the third preset to keep it quick, but you could tweak the settings to perfect your desired effect.
2. Grunge to add … well … grunge.
Here again, the Grunge filter has a great selection of presets to start with. I applied the 6th one which could also be tweaked further.
3. Filter Forge 2.0 makes frames too.
Filter Forge 2.0 even has a great selection of frame filter effects. The above effect is the Watercolor Frame which works well with the next filter.
This filter alone would justify purchasing Filter Forge. The Handmade Papers filter produces beautiful multidimensional paper effects. Besides a beautiful background, I am using the effect as a density mask.
I am using the Handmade Paper on two different layers. The top layer is use to Lighten the layers below using the texture of the paper effect. The overall effect was too strong, so I applied a Layer Mask to bring back the details in the foreground. The second layer is the combined effect of the previous filters (steps #1 & 2). I then reapplied the Watercolor Frame Filter to a new solid black layer. I copied this layer and pasted it to a mask for the second layer to allow the Handmade Paper layer below to fill the borders. But, the Handmade Paper below was too overpowering for the subject, so I reduced the Layer Opacity to 50% and added another solid white layer underneath.
tenía instalado este filtro, pero por alguna razón se borró de photoshop.
Cómo lo puedo bajar nuevamente??
Please ask your question in English. If your question is do you need Photoshop and Topaz Adjust to create this effect, the answer is YES. There are ways of creating a similar effect on other websites. Just google “grunge photo effect”.
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What do you believe now that you didn't five years ago? Centralized wins. Decentralized loses.
Decentralized systems will continue to lose to centralized systems until there's a driver requiring decentralization to deliver a clearly superior consumer experience. Unfortunately, that may not happen for quite some time.
I say unfortunately because ten years ago, even five years ago, I still believed decentralization would win. Why? For all the idealistic technical reasons I laid out long ago in Building Super Scalable Systems: Blade Runner Meets Autonomic Computing In The Ambient Cloud.
While the internet and the web are inherently decentralized, mainstream applications built on top do not have to be. Typically, applications today—Facebook, Salesforce, Google, Spotify, etc.—are all centralized.
That wasn't always the case. In the early days of the internet the internet was protocol driven, decentralized, and often distributed—FTP (1971), Telnet (<1973), FINGER (1971/1977), TCP/IP (1974), UUCP (late 1970s) NNTP (1986), DNS (1983), SMTP (1982), IRC(1988), HTTP(1990), Tor (mid-1990s), Napster(1999), XMPP(1999), and [email protected](1999).
We do have new decentalized services: Bitcoin(2009), Minecraft(2009), Ethereum(2014), IPFS(2015), Mastadon(2016), Dat (2018), and PeerTube(2018). We're still waiting on Pied Piper to deliver the decentralized internet.
On an evolutionary timeline decentralized systems are neanderthals; centralized systems are the humans. Neanderthals came first. Humans may have interbred with neanderthals, humans may have even killed off the neanderthals, but there's no doubt humans outlasted the neanderthals.
Everyone had a vision of the potential for intercomputer communication, but no one had ever sat down to construct protocols that could actually be used. It wasn’t BBN’s job to worry about that problem. The only promise anyone from BBN had made about the planned-for subnetwork of IMPs was that it would move packets back and forth, and make sure they got to their destination. It was entirely up to the host computer to figure out how to communicate with another host computer or what to do with the messages once it received them. This was called the “host-to-host” protocol.
All that existed were hosts talking directly to each other over a primitive network. Centralization didn't exist. TCP/IP didn't exist. Nothing we take for granted today existed.
Taylor had been the young director of the office within the Defense Department’s Advanced Research Projects Agency overseeing computer research, and he was the one who had started the ARPANET. The project had embodied the most peaceful intentions—to link computers at scientific laboratories across the country so that researchers might share computer resources.
Building a network as an end in itself wasn’t Taylor’s principal objective. He was trying to solve a problem he had seen grow worse with each round of funding. Researchers were duplicating, and isolating, costly computing resources. Not only were the scientists at each site engaging in more, and more diverse, computer research, but their demands for computer resources were growing faster than Taylor’s budget. Every new project required setting up a new and costly computing operation.
And none of the resources or results was easily shared. If the scientists doing graphics in Salt Lake City wanted to use the programs developed by the people at Lincoln Lab, they had to fly to Boston.
Back in those days of high adventure hosts were far more than mere pets, they were golden temples where crusaders came to worship speaking prayers of code.
Today, servers aren't even cattle, servers are insects connected over fast networks. Centralization is not only possible now, it's economical, it's practical, it's controlable, it's governable, it's economies of scalable, it's reliable, it's walled gardenable, it's monetizable, it's affordable, it's performance tunable, it's scalable, it's cacheable, it's securable, it's defensible, it's brandable, it's ownable, it's right to be forgetable, it's fast releasable, it's debuggable, it's auditable, it's iterable, it's easier to usable, it's easier to onboardable, it's copyright checkable, it's GDPRable, it's safe for China searchable, it's machine learnable, it's monitorable, it's spam filterable, it's value addable.
Depending on your point of view, decentralization is few of those things. And many of those "features" are exactly why we like decentralization in the first place.
What's more, consumers simply do not care. Users use. Only a small percentage have the technical sophistication to understand why they may want to preferentially use decentralized applications for technical reasons. Saying "It's like X, but decentralized", does not resonate, especially when the services are not as good. We had decentralized Slack way before Slack...yet there's Slack. You know it's bad when GitHub managed to recentralize an inherently distributed system like git.
There are certainly niche reasons to use decentralized systems, permissionless anonymity being the primary use case. Can you trust the likes of Facebook or Google? History says absolutely not. But most people don't care.
The decentralization community manages to create clearly superior applications as convenient and reliable as centralized providers.
Neanderthals live alongside humans. Parallel, separate, not worrying about who's equal.
(1) Seems more possible than I'd like to admit. See China's Digital Dystopia.
(2) Still on the horizon. Cloud computing will follow the same downward cost curves as everything else.
(3) We'll have to get the Kardashians on that.
(4) Will be difficult. By their very nature iterably improving decentralized applications is like herding cats. It's much easier to add features to centralized applications. Sure, Napster was a great way to share music, but isn't Spotify simply better? Yes, I know, Spotify can shutdown tomorrow and then where are we? I'm with you. But most aren't.
(5) The problem is the earth is too small. Global centralized applications are buildable today. Something I missed on completely. When we go to space that won't be the case. Applications in the space age will have to redecentralize...at least until the ansible is invented.
(6) We have genetic material from the neanderthals. We can rebuild them. We have the technology. This time maybe it's enough that neanderthals survive alongside humans, not going extinct, ready for the time when humans need a fresh infusion of genetic material...or when neanderthals become alpha.
So that's what I believe now that I didn't five years ago. How about you?
On Hacker News. It wasn't my intention to spark a decentralization vs. centralization debate. I was actually interested in what people no longer believe. Anyone?
Centralized Vs Distributed Systems Publishing And Owning Our Own Content.
Definitions of centralized, decentralized, distributed, federated are here.
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After Los Angeles, San Jose is the second largest city in California, but for years it didn't have a vibrant city center to match. Over the last decade, with major efforts by the city to attract investment and build a walkable downtown, Downtown San Jose has grown into a lively urban community with lots of things to see and do.
Looking for things to do in Downtown San Jose? Here are some top picks for the best things to do in Downtown San Jose. All of these things can be reached on foot from any downtown parking lot or transit center.
There's a lot of history in San Jose: San Jose was the first city in California not associated with a church or military site and it was California's first state capitol. Some historical highlights downtown include: Plaza de Cesar Chavez, the original plaza of the 18th century Pueblo de San Jose; Peralta Adobe (last remaining Spanish structure from the Pueblo de San Jose); The Circle of Palms (site of the first state capitol), and the building where IBM researchers built the first computer hard drive.
St. Joseph’s was the first church of the Pueblo de San Jose and the oldest non-mission church in California. The original adobe structure was built in 1803. When this church burned down in 1875, the present domed cathedral was constructed, and later work added ornate ceiling paintings, wall decorations, and stained glass. The church is still active and holds mass seven days a week.
San Jose's modern City Hall is one of the city's most iconic structures. The building designed by acclaimed architect Richard Meier, opened in 2005 and includes an 18 story tower, a rotunda, and council chambers. The light and shadows the structures cast are brilliant, daytime and night.
The Tech Museum of Innovation (or "The Tech") offers hands-on and family-friendly exhibits on the role of technology and innovation in our lives. Favorite exhibits include the (terrifying) earthquake simulator and a space simulator that lets you see what it's like to wear a NASA jetpack.
Art lovers should check out the modern and contemporary art exhibits at the San Jose Museum of Art and the hip art galleries in the South First (SoFa neighborhood). MACLA (Movimiento de Arte y Cultura Latino Americana), Anno Domini, and the (surprisingly modern) San Jose Musem of Quilts and Textiles are also great spots to check out.
Downtown San Jose has several wonderful music and theater venues, including the beautifully restored 1927 California Theatre, home of Opera San Jose and Symphony Silicon Valley.
San Jose State University was founded in 1857 and it's the oldest public university in California. A walk through their compact urban campus is interesting. Look for the 1910 Spanish Revival style Tower Hall (the oldest building on campus) as well as the Olympic Black Power statue (a tribute to two former SJSU track stars who, when they won medals at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City used their global podium to raise their fist in silent protest of human rights violations and racial injustice).
Right next to the main campus quad is the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library, an interesting collaboration between San Jose State University and the City of San Jose. It's the only joint-use library in the United States shared by a major university as its only library and a major City as its main library.
On Thursdays at 11:30 am, the MLK library offers free one-hour docent-led general tours of King Library's art and research collections. Sign up for a tour at the lobby Information Desk.
San Pedro Square Market is a popular public food market with dozens of different food stalls, bars, and cafes. It's a great place to take visitors and family because everyone in the group can get something they want.
Beyond San Pedro Square Market, Downtown San Jose has lots of excellent places to eat, drink, and meet. Many of the city's restaurants are clustered from Market Street to 3rd St, and from Santa Clara down to William Street. Some favorite Downtown restaurants and pubs are Nemea Greek Taverna, Mezcal, Picasso's, Original Gravity Public House, and Good Karma Cafe.
The Guadalupe River Park is a three-mile stretch of urban parkland that runs along the banks of the Guadalupe River in Downtown San Jose. Walk the trail from San Jose's historic Little Italy district, along the river to the rolling hills of the Guadalupe River Park (just north of Coleman). Look for the Heritage Rose gardens, a collection of 3,600 antique and modern roses, and the brand new (in 2015) Rotary Playgarden, a unique and accessible public park built to enable children with special needs to play alongside their siblings and friends.
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After four years of house price falls, Singapore's housing market is expanding again buoyed by strong economic growth. Demand is rising strongly. Residential construction activity is also rising again, amidst improving homebuilder sentiment.
The private residential property index rose by 5.41% during the year to Q1 2018, its second consecutive quarter of y-o-y price increases and the biggest growth in more than six years, according to the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA). When adjusted for inflation, house prices actually increased 5.2% during this period.
In Core Central Region (CCR), prices of non-landed private residential properties rose by 6.6% (6.3% inflation-adjusted) y-o-y to Q1 2018, according to URA.
In the Rest of Central Region (RCR), property prices were up by 2.8% (2.6% inflation-adjusted) over the same period.
In Outside Central Region (OCR), property prices rose by 6.9% (6.7% inflation-adjusted) during the year to Q1 2018.
Singapore's housing market is expected to improve further in the coming months, as many investors are being lured back into the market, according to some local property experts.
"Singapore's prime residential market has appeared to be more attractive relative to other global cities. It is still in the early stages of recovery while Hong Kong, Sydney, Melbourne and Tokyo are nearer the top end of their market cycles or peaking, while the prime London market is in decline," said Jones Lang LaSalle national director Ong Teck Hui. "That could divert more investor demand to Singapore, thereby supporting further prices increases," said JLL's Q1 2018 report.
Singapore's home prices will increase by around 4% to 8% this year, without any external shocks, according to Edmund Tie & Company.
Singapore's economy grew by 3.6% in 2017, faster than the 2.4% growth in 2016, according to the Ministry of Trade and Industry. Recently, the central bank raised its economic growth forecast for 2018 to 3.2%, from 3% last December.
You wouldn't own a Singapore condominium for rental yields!
Singapore is a safe haven, it is a liquid market, everyone in Asia knows and trusts its institutions. Low interest rates have played their part in pushing property prices up, despite the efforts of the ever-vigilant Monetary Authority of Singapore and the government. Property in Singapore commands a premium, and conversely returns to owners who rent out their properties are low.
Nobody can say that condos in Singapore are cheap, at around US$13,500 per square metre (sq. m.). That’s because there’s a ‘global city’ premium. Gross rental yields in Singapore remain poor, at around 2.5%. Yields are a little higher on smaller apartments than large ones, as is typical in most property markets. But those yields alone would not be a reason for owning property here.
Prices have been falling gently over the past 2 years, especially in the core and central region.
Round trip transaction costs are very low in Singapore. See our Property transaction costs analysis for Singapore and Property transaction costs in Japan, compared to the rest of Asia.
Rental Income: Net rental income earned by nonresidents is taxed at 22%. Property tax, insurance, maintenance and repairs are all deductible from gross rental income.
Property Tax: Property tax is levied at a flat rate of 10% for rental properties. Foreigners pay a 10% surcharge.
Inheritance: There is no estate duty as of 15 February 2008.
Residents: Residents are taxed on their income at progressive rates, ranging from 2% to 22%.
The total roundtrip costs are about 13.45% to 34.45%. The buyer pays stamp duty at around 1% to 3%. The buyer may pay additional stamp duty of 5% to 15. Because Singapore uses a common database of all property listings, there is no sense in hiring more than one agent. To register the property, there are four procedures, typically done in six days.
With the passage of the Control of Rent (Abolition) Act in 2001, the law in Singapore became clearly pro-landlord.
Rents: The parties can freely determine the rent and the rate of rent increase. Tenants usually pay a security deposit of one month’s rent for every year of lease.
Dispute Resolution: Most landlord and tenant disputes are resolved through mediation or Alternative Dispute Resolution, usually through groups such as the Consumer Association of Singapore (CASE) and Singapore Mediation Center (SMC).
Singapore’s economy grew by 3.6% in 2017, faster than the 2.4% growth in 2016 and 2.2% growth in 2015, according to the Ministry of Trade and Industry. The upward momentum continued this year, with a 4.3% expansion in Q1 2018, on the back of strong manufacturing sector, according to the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI).
Services, which make up about two-thirds of the economy, expanded by 3.8% y-o-y, slightly up from the previous quarter’s 3.5% growth.
In April 2018, the country’s central bank, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, tightened its monetary policy for the first time in six years, amidst strong economic growth. This policy stance is consistent with a modest and gradual appreciation path of the Singapore dollar nominal effective exchange rate (S$NEER) policy band that will ensure medium-term price stability, said the central bank.
“Since October 2017, the S$NEER has appreciated in the upper half of the policy band, apart from a brief period of decline in early 2018. This development reflected, in part, broad-based US dollar weakness and depreciation in a number of regional currencies against the S$,” said the MAS in its April 2018 statement.
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0.971608 |
With the arrival of summer on the shelves of our markets there are fresh vegetables that are essential to our everyday table. Tomatoes - liked the product, the main ingredient of summer vegetable salads. Tomatoes rightly take the first place in the ranking among the vegetables, which are rich composition and beneficial for our body. Homeland tomato is considered South America. It was there that grew wild tomatoes, however, they are growing in the area to this day. In 2001 the tomato was officially proclaimed the European Union as a fruit; Botany says that tomatoes - berries. From a culinary point of view of our country's tomatoes - it is vegetables, and is the idea of us closest tomatoes. Tomatoes have a nice fresh taste sour, goes well with all the side dishes, meat and vegetable dishes.
What else can surprise us these fruits, which are tomatoes, the benefits and harms of red fruits, as well as simple tips for health - all this we consider in this article. The chemical composition of tomatoes and their nutritional value Calories 100 g ripe ripe tomatoes - 20 kcal. Considering how many calories the body spends on chewing and digesting, we can safely say that the tomato is almost no energy value. Even eating a couple of fleshy fruit, you do not reach the calories - the percentage in tomatoes of the daily value ranges of 0.5-1%. His richness tomatoes owe a high water content - about 94 grams of 100 g is water. Other - "dry" component tomatoes (about 5%), containing fructose, glucose, cellulose, starch, pectin / minerals. The main nutritional value of tomatoes are: Carbohydrates - 4.2 g; Mono- and disaccharides - 3.5 g; Ash - 0.7 g; Dietary Fiber - 0.8 g; Proteins - 0.6 g; Organic acid - 0.5 g; Starch - 0.3 g; Fat - 0.2 g bright coloring of tomatoes due to the presence of a concentrated substance lycopene. He dispersed all over the fruit, and brings incredible benefit immunity - helps fight free radicals, thus actively protecting the body from cell neoplasms, including from cancer. Lycopene also has a direct effect on bone health, as an active occurrence of osteoporosis prevention. What are the tomatoes are most useful - differences and features fruits Fresh tomatoes. The fruits, which are not subjected to heat treatment - ideal for use in food. If fresh tomatoes, benefit and harm is not negotiable, it is certainly a valuable food product. The most useful of bright red tomatoes, they have less sugar, but most of the lycopene, as well as the body needs acid - folic and ascorbic. Pink tomatoes are sweeter, they can boast the largest number of fructose. They also have a lot of fiber, which is useful for cleansing the bowel, and generally improving the gastrointestinal tract. Green tomatoes. This coloration suggests that tomatoes picked before they are ripe. The green tomatoes focused a lot of organic acids: malic, oxalic, citric. These acids are essential for metabolic processes, improving metabolism, for stimulation of mental performance. Green tomatoes, benefit and harm that is relevant to us, contain less water than ripe. Dietary fiber in unripe tomatoes anymore. Green tomatoes are shown to use for chronic constipation, indigestion, lack of appetite.
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0.999065 |
In this video we want to find out how to check if a condition is true or false.
Obviously whenever you trade with an automated Expert Advisor like this one you need to find out if something is true or false and now we are going to find out how to do that with MQL4.
First please click on a little icon here or press F4 on your keyboard and now you should see the Metaeditor and here you want to click on: “File/ New/ Expert Advisor (template)” from template, “Continue”, I will call this file “SimpleIfCondition”, click on “Continue”, “Continue” and “Finish”, and now you can delete everything above the “OnTick” function here.
Okay, we want to start by using two integer values; “int a should be 5” and “int b should be 3”, and if “a” is bigger than 5 I would like to use the “Comment” function to output the text: “a is greater than 5” otherwise we use the “else” statement – “else” is what is going to be executed whenever none of the “if” statements above is true – and in that case we want to have the output: “Conditions not true”, that’s about it!
Now we can click on the “Compile” button here or press F7 and the compiler says we don’t have any errors here, so now we can click on the little icon here or press F4 to go back to Metatrader.
In Metatrader we click on: “View/ Strategy Tester” or press CTRL and R, let’s pick our new file: “SimpleIfCondition.ex4”, please mark the visual mode here and start a test.
Here is our output: “Conditions not true” because this condition is not true, so let’s copy that, paste it here and this time we are going to check if “a” equals 5 and in that case we want to output: “a is equal to 5”.
Please remember a single equal sign will assign the value 5 to the variable “a” and two equal signs will check if the value 5 is equal to the variable “a”.
Okay, let’s go back to Metatrader and start another test, and this time our output is: “a equals 5” and that’s because this “if” statement is true, so let’s copy that and add another one.
This time I want to know of “b” equals 3, if that is true I want to have the text: “b equals 3” on my chart.
Let’s recompile, restart the test and yes, “b equals 3”, but I am seeing the output for the former condition where “a equals 5”, so what I also can do is I can use two “if” statements and if “a equals 5” and “b equals 3” I want to have the text: “a equals 5 and b equals 3” on my chart, so now MQL4 is going to check this expression and if that is true it is going to check the next expression, and only if both are true the code here is executed.
Let’s recompile, restart the test and now we get “a equals 5 and b equals 3”.
“if” only one way to check if something is true, there are more possibilities that we are going to check out in other videos.
If you use several lines behind the “if” statement, for example “int c could be a plus b” and I would like to have the output for c… I would get an error when I click on the “Compile” button because now MQL4 tells me that I’m using an illegal “else” statement without a matching “if”. That can be confusing but it just means we have to use curly braces here because we execute more than one line in our “if” statement, so let’s recompile and now the error is gone and this time we should get the output: “c equals 8”.
Okay, in this little video you have learned how to use the “if” statement to check if some condition is true or false and you have coded it yourself with a few lines of MQL4 code.
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0.999739 |
People are surrounded by advertising, which has an increasing effect on our lives. People are surrounded by advertising, which has an increasing effect on our lives. Do you think the positive effects of this outweigh the negative effects?
Whether it is on TV, radio or hoardings at the side of the road, advertisements have become a part of our lives. Advertising is a powerful and persuasive medium. I believe that the beneficial effects of ads overpower the detrimental ones.
On the positive side, advertisements provide us with information on new products. If it were not for electronic and print advertising, many products would not be bought. In this way, advertising provides an important service to manufacturers and some consumers. Additionally, it fuels the advertising industry, creating jobs for thousands of people. In this respect it has become the backbone of many economies of the world.
Furthermore, advertisements touch social issues. For example, when Amitabh Bachhan tells people to bring their children for pulse polio immunization, people listen. Then, there are ads against female foeticide which are very informative. Advertisements also teach a lot about the country from where the ads come. This is because through satellite TV we can see ads from all over the world. For instance, when we see a Japanese advert of a lady in a kimono, we come to know about the traditional clothes of Japan.
However, adverts also have a downside. Because of advertisements, sometimes we buy what tempts us without the insight of what we need actually. Impressive images, videos, or captions are bound to leave an imprint on us. Secondly, ads are very disturbing at times. Television commercials are a great example of this. Just as we are enjoying a TV program, a commercial break occurs, forcing us to listen. Then, ads show dangerous stunts, which may be copied by children and they may get hurt. Finally, some ads target vulnerable children and so children pester their parents to buy things which can upset the family budget.
To conclude, adverts have their advantages and disadvantages. Indubitably, the merits outstrip the demerits. The onus lies on us to look into our real needs and not be swayed by adverts.
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0.999885 |
The New York Jets are a professional football team that compete in the Eastern Division of the American Football Conference in the National Football League (NFL). The team was founded in 1959 as the Titans of New York and a year later they began playing in the American Football League (AFL). In 1963 the team was sold and renamed the New York Jets. The Jets were part of the AFL-NFL merger and in 1968, two years before the leagues formally merged, they won their first and only Super Bowl 16-7 against the Baltimore Colts (now the Indianapolis Colts). Let’s find out where the Jets play their home games.
Where do the New York Jets play?
The Jets currently play their home games at MetLife Stadium, which is located in New Jersey. The stadium was a joint venture between the Jets and the New York Giants and is the first and only to be built and used as a home stadium by two separate NFL teams. The stadium was completed in 2010 at a cost of $1.6 billion and has a capacity of 82,566. It also hosts a number of other events such as concerts, soccer internationals, wrestling and more.
Prior to moving into MetLife Stadium the Jets played their home games at Giants stadium. They moved into this stadium to avoid scheduling conflicts with the New York Mets at Shea Stadium where they had played since 1964. However this meant that they were forced to use a stadium decorated with the colors and logos of another team. Every effort to build their own stadium was blocked and they eventually settled on the agreement with the Giants.
In the first 3 years the Jets played at the old polo grounds in Upper Manhattan. However, this facility was outdated and they quickly signed an agreement to move into Shea Stadium.
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0.979683 |
１.The bird gets up early.
２. He is an early bird.
1. ・Her favourite food is 〇〇〇.
3. ・I go to ××× every year.
4. ・ ××× is very big.
5.That is a ××× tree.
・She keeps her room warm.
・He can speak English well.
・I usually go to school at 8:00.
Luckily,I was able to catch the train.
1.I went to a book store to buy some books.
2.She was happy to see you.
3.I sleep early when I feel tired.
正解：Certainly, Ken always makes us surprisingly delicious sandwiches quickly.
別解：Certainly, Ken always makes us delicious sandwiches surprisingly quickly.
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0.925592 |
Isn't it easier to initiate and complete difficult tasks when someone you trust is working by your side? That's what I do. I'm your first step, the person you call when you need that extra support to take care of something looming and important to you.
My career has spanned social service, business consulting, mental health, counseling, childcare, organization and much more. Some examples of client requests/support include starting a business, admin overflow, getting someone back into the dating scene, establishing a health and/or exercise regimen, end of life vigils humans/pets, celebrant (organizing end of life commemorations), getting in contact with loved ones who've lost touch, helping people complete their GED's, getting into rehab, shopping for a new wardrobe, simplifying/ downsizing home/stuff, creating more joy, hobbies and recreation etc, etc. Note: I don't do house cleaning.
I'm happy to telecommute or travel to you. And I'm up for one time gigs or something part time long term.
There are so many things in life that we were never meant to tackle alone. If you're facing into one of those lets talk.
I have excellent references. My rates are negotiable depending on the request.
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Polarization-dependent periodic nanostructures inside various materials are successfully photoinduced by ultrafast laser pulses. These periodic nanostructures in various materials can be empirically classified into the following three types: (1) structural deficiency, (2) strained structure, (3) partial phase separation. Such self-assembled nanostructures exhibit not only optical anisotropy but also intriguing electric, thermal, and magnetic properties. We demonstrate new possibilities for functionalization of common materials ranging from an eternal 5D optical storage, a polarization imaging, to a thermoelectric conversion, based on the indicated phenomena.
We have successfully observed self-assembled periodic nanostructures inside Si single crystal and GaP crystal, by the femtosecond double-pulse irradiation. These results experimentally indicate that the self-assembly of the periodic nanostructures inside semiconductors triggered by ultrashort pulses irradiation are possibly associated with a direct or an indirect band gap. More recently we have also empirically classified the photoinduced bulk nanogratings into the following three types: (1) structural deficiency, (2) compressed structure, (3) partial crystallization. We have still a big question about what material properties are involved in the bulk nanograting structure formation. In this study, to expand the selectivity of the material for bulk nanograting formation, we have employed β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crystals (indirect bandgap Eg ~ 4.8 eV) as a sample for femtosecond laser irradiation. The nanograting structure inside β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crystal was aligned perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. Such phenomenon is similar to the nanograting in SiO<sub>2</sub> glass (Eg ~ 9 eV). Moreover, to clarify the band structure, we have also investigate the photoinduced structure in Sn doped β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crystals, which exhibit direct bandgap according to the first principle calculation.
The polarization-dependent periodic nanostructures inside various materials are successfully induced by ultrafast laser pulses. The periodic nanostructures in various materials can be empirically classified into the following three types: (1) structural deficiency, (2) expanded structure, (3) partial phase separation. Such periodic nanostructures exhibited not only optical anisotropy but also intriguing electric, thermal, and magnetic properties. The formation mechanisms of the periodic nanostructure was interpreted in terms of the interaction between incident light field and the generated electron plasma. Furthermore, the fact that the periodic nanostructures in semiconductors could be formed empirically only if it is indirect bandgap semiconductor materials indicates the stress-dependence of bandgap structure and/or the recombination of the excited electrons are also involved to the nanostructure formation. More recently we have also confirmed that the periodic nanostructures in glass are related to whether a large amount of non-bridged oxygen is present. In the presentation, we demonstrate new possibilities for functionalization of common materials ranging from an eternal 5D optical storage, a polarization imaging, to a thermoelectric conversion, based on the indicated phenomena.
Diamond’s nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers show great promise in sensing applications and quantum computing due to their long electron spin coherence time and their ability to be located, manipulated and read out using light. The electrons of the NV center, largely localized at the vacancy site, combine to form a spin triplet, which can be polarized with 532- nm laser light, even at room temperature. The NV's states are isolated from environmental perturbations making their spin coherence comparable to trapped ions. An important breakthrough would be in connecting, using waveguides, multiple diamond NVs together optically. However, the inertness of diamond is a significant hurdle for the fabrication of integrated optics similar to those that revolutionized silicon photonics. In this work we show the possibility of buried waveguide fabrication in diamond, enabled by focused femtosecond high repetition rate laser pulses. We use μRaman spectroscopy to gain better insight into the structure and refractive index profile of the optical waveguides.
Meanwhile, by the convention wire-saw technique, it is difficult to slice off a thin wafer from bulk SiC crystal without the reserving space for cutting. In this study, we have achieved exfoliation of 4H-SiC single crystal by femtosecond laser induced slicing method. By using this, the exfoliated surface with the root-mean-square roughness of 3 μm and the cutting-loss thickness smaller than 30 μm was successfully demonstrated. We have also observed the nanostructure on the exfoliated surface in SiC crystal.
Fluorescent Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with tunable emission are successfully synthesized from the water suspension of graphene oxide by the femtosecond laser irradiation. The luminescence properties were controllable by doping nitrogen into CNPs in the presence of an ammonia molecule. We have also confirmed that CNPs with diamond structure were directly precipitated from the solvent molecules such as cyclohexane.
Several applications of glass nanofibers have been proposed for the past years. We found a new method for production of nanofibers with a diameter of 100 nm order from thin glass plates by irradiation with nanoseconds pulsed UV laser (wavelength is 355 nm). Although the generation of nanofibers from the back surface of a glass plate is convenient for continuous laser irradiation and collection of fibers, the details of the mechanism have not been elucidated yet. In this paper, we focused on the dynamics of ejection of glass melts that results in the formation of nanofibers, and investigated the mechanism of nanofiber generation. Based on the observation by a high-speed camera, we found that voids inside of the glass plate propagated in the laser propagation direction shot by shot, then, the void pushed the molten glass near the back surface. We also confirmed that the molten glass was ejected from the back surface of plates at a speed of 10-100 m/s. We assumed that the driving force is "recoil pressure", and compared the estimated pressure value from this experiment with that shown in the references. The value estimated by the relationship between pressure and momentum was 1.3 MPa, which was close to that reported in the past.
Glass nanofibers are prospective material, because they have the potential to function as biomedical tissues, optical components, or catalysts. Now, precise control of synthesis method is necessary for a variety of glass nanofiber applications. We found that glass nanofibers were generated from the back surface of a substrate during a drilling experiment using a nanosecond pulsed UV laser. In this report, we investigated the generation process. To understand the process, we set up an optical system for generating nanofibers, which is capable of moving a sample linearly using an XY stage, and monitored around the laser spot using a CCD camera. A non-alkaline, thin glass substrate was irradiated with a laser beam of wavelength 355 nm and pulse width 40 ns. As a result, when the scanning speed and focusing position were favorable, glass nanofibers were generated. According to the in situ observation, microparticles were found on the tip of the nanofibers. Also, the glass substrate was modified in a wider range compared with the laser spot size. Thus, we considered that glass nanofibers were generated when the particles were ejected resulting from local heating. Additionally, glass nanofibers could be generated in combination with a galvano scanning system. The generation of glass nanofibers from the back surface of a substrate is advantageous in terms of their collection owing to the reduced interaction with the laser beam.
Real-time acquisition of polarization distribution of light will enable us to treat new image information and give us new application of image acquisition. A polarization imaging filter, which is used to obtain a polarization distribution in realtime, is consist of two-dimensionally arrayed polarizers or waveplates of different orientations. A polarization imaging filter of waveplate-type can be fabricated by inscribing birefringent structure inside a silica glass by focused ultrashort laser pulses. Larger retardance and higher transmittance of a filter are required to acquire the polarization with a higher sensitivity. However, transmittance through inscribed birefringent structures decreases with increasing retardance. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the laser processing conditions to obtain larger retardance with maintaining transmittance as possible. In this study, we investigated processing characteristics such as retardance and transmittance which determine the performance of a polarization filter.
Local melting can be induced inside a glass by focusing femtosecond (fs) laser pulses at high repetition rate (>100kH). As the results, the spatial distributions of glass elements are modified in the molten region. Because various propertied of glasses depends on the composition of elements, the modification of spatial distribution of glass elements using fs laser will make it possible to control glass properties in three dimensional manner. The important point of the control of elemental distribution is how to control the flow of glass melt during laser irradiation. In this study, to elucidate how parallel laser irradiation affects the flow of glass melt during laser irradiation, we investigated the relationship between the flow of glass melt and various irradiation parameters by in-sites observation of flow of glass melt inside a sodalime glass during repetitive photoexcitation by 1 kHz and 250 kHz fs laser pulses at multiple spots.
When a femtosecond laser pulse is focused tightly inside a LiF single crystal, cracks are generated in the <100< directions from the photoexcited region. Previously, we found that cracks of different lengths are formed by simultaneous fs laser irradiation at multiple spots. To elucidate the mechanism of modulation in crack lengths, we observed the transient stress distributions after simultaneous fs laser irradiation at multiple spots inside a LiF single crystal. First, we found that stress amplitude can be doubled by the interference of fs laser induced stress waves. Next, we observed the dynamics of crack formation as well as the transient birefringence distribution. In the case in which one crack became shorter than other cracks, the observation of the crack dynamics showed that the compressive stress by a constrictive interference of stress waves at a crack tip prevented the crack from propagating further. However, In the case in which the elongation of one crack occurred, we could not find any relationship between the elongation of a crack and the interference of stress waves by the observed stress distribution. Based on the time-resolved observation, we discussed the mechanism of the modulation of the laser induced cracks by interference of stress waves.
A holographic laser machining can improve the processing efficiency. In the method, multiple light spots are generated at the processing positions by focusing a spatially phase modulated laser beam with a spatial light modulator. When this method is applied to bulk-laser machining, the accuracy of focusing positions is sometimes reduced because of the distortion of light focusing. In this paper, we present two calculation method of a phase hologram for reducing the distortion of light focusing. One method is based on the iterative Fourier transform method. In this method, the distortion of light focusing was reduced by fixing phase in light spots in the iterative process. The other is based on the optimal rotation angle method. In this method, the evaluation function was modified to make the light intensity at the positions of phase jump zero. In both two methods, we succeed to improve the quality of light spots. In addition, we show the application of these methods to writing of optical waveguides inside glasses.
Laser-induced deformation depends on the atomic structure of the material. In amorphous materials, the deformation is random or isotropic. On the other hand, in single crystals, anisotropic deformations occur in the specific directions, which is because of their regularly-arranged atomic structures. For example, when a fs laser pulse is focused inside rock-salt type crystalline materials (MgO, LiF, etc.) normal to the (001) plane, a void is formed in the photoexcited region and highly concentrated dislocation bands and cleavages are formed in the <110> and <100> directions, respectively. The directions of the dislocation bands and cleavages are often explained by the slip and cleavage planes of the crystals, however, stresses that induce these modifications have not been elucidated. In this study, we observed the dynamics of transient stress distributions after photoexcitation inside various single crystals by a pump-probe polarization microscope. After a femtosecond laser pulse was focused inside a MgO single crystal normal to the (001) plane, a void appeared in the photoexcited region and two stress waves (primary and secondary stress waves) were generated. In the primary stress wave, which propagated faster than the secondary one, the direction of the strain was identical to the propagation direction and the stress direction depended on the direction from the photoexcited region. In the secondary stress wave, there were tensile stresses normal to the (100) planes, which were identical to the cleavage planes.
Element migration in multicomponent glass is a phenomenon induced by high-repetition femtosecond laser irradiation and enables spatially selective modification of glass composition. Since the composition of a glass affects its material properties such as refractive index, luminescence, etching rate, viscosity, crystallization temperature, and phase-separation property, element migration is of great interest for practical applications. However, the mechanisms underlying migration have not been elucidated. In this study, we succeeded in identifying its driving force. In an experimental study, we simultaneously focused two beams of femtosecond laser pulses into two spatially-separated spots inside silicate glass. We observed the formation of characteristically shaped element distributions by electron probe microanalysis. In addition, we performed numerical simulations in which we considered concentration- and temperature-gradient-driven diffusions. The simulation results were in excellent qualitative agreement with the experimental results, indicating that element migration can be explained by thermodiffusion and that the driving force is the temperature gradient. These results constitute an important advance for three-dimensional control of glass properties.
Applications of the parallel fs laser processing system to spatial control of material properties are presented. In the parallel laser processing system, multiple light spots are generated by modulating the spatial phase distribution of a laser beam with a spatial light modulator. When the light spots are sufficiently separated from each other or the energies of the excitation laser pulses are weak, there is little interaction between photoexcited regions. In many cases, no interaction between each photoexcited regions is preferable, because thermal energies and stresses from each photoexcited regions could influence the processing accuracy. On the other hand, we found that the interaction of thermal energies and transient stresses in a parallel laser processing inside transparent materials can be used for controlling the spatial distributions of material properties. In this paper, we show two applications of the interactions between multiple photoexcited regions. One is the control of the shape of the heat modification and distributions of elements inside glasses. Another is the modification of dislocation bands inside rock-salt crystals by the interference of stress waves generated at multiple spots.
In this paper, micromachining inside of direct and indirect semiconductor, such as zinc oxide crystal (ZnO) and single-crystalline silicon(c-Si) using femtosecond laser pulses is successfully demonstrated. In the case of ZnO, oxygen vacancy or interstitial zinc was three-dimensionally induced by the near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. The threshold energy for oxygen defect formation increased with increasing in a pulse width. The mechanism of the pulsewidth dependence of the damage threshold inside ZnO could be interpreted in terms of the excitonic Mott transition to the electron-hole plasma which depends on the electron plasma density induced by the laser irradiation. We have also successfully micromachined inside c-Si using infrared ultrashort laser pulses (<i>λ</i> = 1.24 μm). Optical microscope observation under an infrared lamp illumination indicates low density material or scattering structure was formed in the vicinity of the focal spot.
When femtosecond laser pulses are focused inside a single crystal, anisotropic structural changes such as dislocation and cleavage occur along specific orientations. It can be interpreted that the anisotropic structural changes should be induced by transient stress after photoexcitation, such as a thermal stress and stress wave. To elucidate the mechanism of the laser induced structural changes inside crystals, we developed a novel time-resolved polarization imaging system, in which circularly polarized laser pulse was used as a probe light. The system enabled us to observe laser-induced transient stress distribution as well as the orientation after focusing fs laser pulses inside MgO and LiF single crystals. Based on the observation, we elucidated the relation between laser-induced transient stress distribution and anisotropic structural change inside the crystals.
Localized phase separation was induced inside a glass, the composition of which is not immiscible, by femtosecond laser-induced compositional modification. The glass composition was changed locally from a miscible composition to an immiscible one with high-repetition femtosecond laser irradiation. The phase separation was confirmed by analyzing the composition of the irradiated area with confocal Raman spectroscopy and by observing the co-continuous structure due to phase separation with scanning electron microscopy. The compositional change seems to be related to thermomigration, which is the migration of atoms or ions by the temperature gradient, because the sharp temperature gradient is caused with a high-repetition femtosecond laser. With this method, we can obtain nanoscale co-continuous structure, which would have high surface area, on a glass surface. Moreover, we can control the morphology of the structure by heat treatment while avoiding phase separation in the entire glass because the composition of the non-modified region is not immiscible.
A femtosecond laser processing system with a spatial light modulator (SLM) and its application are presented. Three-dimensional refractive index structures can be fabricated inside glasses by focusing femtosecond laser pulses. When a three-dimensional structure is created, number of processing time is necessary. In addition, fast scanning cannot be applied to shorten the processing time, because long exposure time of laser pulses is necessary to avoid a formation of cracks in the photoexcited region. Therefore, fabrication efficiency is a critical problem. Our laser processing system with an SLM can improve the fabrication efficiency, because multiple light spots can be generated by modulating the spatial phase distribution of laser beam with an SLM. In this paper, we will present the principle of the laser machining system as well as the applications for parallel writing of 3D optical waveguides, diffractive gratings, and optical data storage.
In its standard version, our BioPhotonics Workstation (BWS) can generate multiple controllable counter-propagating beams to create real-time user-programmable optical traps for stable three-dimensional control and manipulation of a plurality of particles. The combination of the platform with microstructures fabricated by two-photon polymerization (2PP) can lead to completely new methods to communicate with micro- and nano-sized objects in 3D and potentially open enormous possibilities in nano-biophotonics applications. In this work, we demonstrate that the structures can be used as microsensors on the BWS platform by functionalizing them with silica-based sol-gel materials inside which dyes can be entrapped.
A femtosecond laser machining has been utilized to fabricate various optical devices inside transparent material. To elucidate the mechanism of the femtosecond laser induced structural change inside a glass, we have observed the dynamics of the structural change and detected pressure wave propagation by a Transient Lens (TrL) method. Although the pressure wave generation has been already observed in our previous study, the analysis to obtain the temporal evolution of the refractive index distribution change was rather complex. In this study, we show alternative analysis method for TrL signals of bulk modification inside glass by femtosecond laser. From the analysis, the dynamics of the structural change including refractive index change at the center and shape of pressure wave becomes clear.
Various structures can be produced at the focal point inside a transparent material by using pulsed laser operating at the non-resonant wavelength with pulse widths of the order of femtoseconds. We have succeeded in the three-dimensional structural-phase transformation from diamond to amorphous structures which have high electrically conductive properties by the femtosecond laser pulses irradiation. The spatially periodic conductive structures indicate photonic crystal properties in terahertz region. We have also demonstrated the three-dimensional nanostructuring inside a glass material by the single femtosecond laser beam irradiation. The self-organized sub-wavelength periodic nanostructures are created by a pattern of interference between the incident light field and the electric field of the bulk electron plasma wave excited via two plasmon parametric decay. More recently, we have observed metallic Cu nanowires with a length of 1.0 μm and a diameter of 85 nm which were successfully photo-converted from commercial scale-like Cu particles, dispersed in a methanol solution, by using femtosecond laser irradiation. The growth mechanism of Cu nanowires under laser irradiation was suggested to be a nucleation growth process.
Femtosecond laser has been widely used in a light source for materials processing when high accuracy and small structure size are required. When a transparent material e.g. glass is irradiated by a tightly focused femtosecond laser, the photo-induced reaction is expected to occur only near the focused part of the laser beam inside the glass due to the multiphoton processes based on the ultrashort interaction time and the ultrahigh light intensity. We proposed a research idea of "induced structure" which means spatially modified micro- and nanostructures in a transparent material by the femtosecond laser irradiation. In this paper, we review our recent investigations on the three-dimensional nanostructure self-organization composed of oxygen deficiencies inside fused silica, the space-selective silicon structures formation in silicate glass based on thermite reaction triggered by femtosecond laser pulses, and diffusion of elements constituting glass based on thermal accumulation by high repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses. We also discuss the mechanisms and possible applications of the observed phenomena.
We show a novel method of fabricating a periodic nanovoid structure inside commercial borosilicate glass using femtosecond laser irradiation. The aligned voids are formed spontaneously with a period of micrometer length along the propagation direction of the fs laser beam. In addition, structure parameters of the void array, i.e., the period between voids, the number of voids, and the entire length of the aligned structure, can be controlled by adjusting the laser irradiation conditions. In addition, cross-shaped pattern due to local dislocations can be formed spontaneously inside MgO single crystal using fs laser irradiation. The ability to easily fabricate such controllable periodic void or crossshaped pattern guarantees applicability in optoelectronics areas, such as 3D photonic crystals and polarizer.
We have fabricated silicon structure in silicate glass prepared with metallic aluminum in the starting material, using femtosecond laser irradiation and subsequent annealing. Small Si-rich structures such as oxygen-deficiency (O-deficiency) defects or Si clusters transform into nano-sized Si particles by the focusing irradiation of the laser. Then the Si-rich structures grow into micro-size particles due to the thermite reaction promoted by heat treatment. We determine the effect of focused laser pulse on the Si deposition process by using a time-resolved transient lens method with a sub-picosecond laser pulse. Localized high-temperature, high-pressure, and the generation of shock waves appear to be very important in forming the Si-rich structures that ultimately grow into Si particles. The diffusion of oxygen by shock waves and the existence of Al-rich structures help form Si-rich structures as Si-O bonds continuously break under high temperature. The focusing irradiation of femtosecond lasers is very useful for fabricating Si structures inside glass.
Femtosecond laser has been widely used in materials micro-processing when high accuracy and small structure size are required. When a transparent material like glass is irradiated by a tightly focused femtosecond laser, the photoinduced reaction is expected to occur only near the focused part of the laser beam due to the multiphoton processes. We observed various induced structures e.g. color center defects, refractive index change, micro-void and micro-crack, in glasses after the femtosecond laser irradiation. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of various micro-optical components, e.g. optical waveguide, microgating, microlens, fiber attenuator, 3-dimensional optical memory by using the femtosecond laser-induced structures. The femtosecond laser direct writing technique is very promising in the fabrication of micro-optical components with various optical functions.
Femtosecond laser is a perfect laser source for materials processing when high accuracy and small structure size are required. Due to the ultra short interaction time and the high peak power, the process is generally characterized by the absence of heat diffusion and, consequently molten layers. Various induced structures have been observed in glasses after the femtosecond laser irradiation. Here, we report on space-selective valence state manipulation of active ions, long-lasting phosphorescence and photostimulated long-lasting phosphorescence phenomena in the femtosecond laser-irradiated glasses, and recent development of direct writing of optical waveguide in glasses with femtosecond laser pulses.
We examined the feasibility of making various microscopic modifications in glasses by ultra-short pulses. It was confirmed that permanent refractive index changes, photo- reduction of samarium ions, the phenomenon of long-lasting phosphorescence, and creation of microcrystals with second- order nonlinear optical functions can be produced with a femtosecond pulse laser only in selective internal areas in glasses. By using a femtosecond laser with a high repetition rate, permanent optical waveguides can be successfully written in various glasses, where refractive index changes are continuously induced along a path traversed by focal point. We also confirmed that only rare earth ions of the core region in the waveguides are reduced by the laser irradiation.
We report on the observations of novel phenomena in rare- earth-doped glasses induced by an 800 nm femtosecond pulsed laser. 3D long-lasting phosphorescence in various colors was observed in calcium aluminosilicate glasses doped with Ce<SUP>3+</SUP>, Tb<SUP>3+</SUP>, and Pr<SUP>3+</SUP>. After irradiation by the femtosecond laser, the focused part of the laser in the glasses emits bright and long-lasting phosphorescence able to be clearly seen with the naked eye in the dark even one hour after the removal of the activating laser. We also observed permanent photoreduction of Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> to Sm<SUP>2+</SUP> inside a transparent and colorless Sm<SUP>3+</SUP>- doped sodium aluminoborate glass. After irradiation by the femtosecond laser, the focused part of the laser in the glass became orange in color. Absorption and confocal photoluminescence spectra showed that a part of Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> was reduced to Sm<SUP>2+</SUP> after the laser irradiation. Photochemical hole burning phenomenon has also been confirmed in the femtosecond laser photoreduced part after the further irradiation by a DCM dye laser. Electron spin resonance spectra of the glasses before and after the laser irradiation have been measured to clarify the mechanisms of these phenomena. Microscopic modifications using a femtosecond pulsed laser is promising to open new field in science and technology of rare-earth-doped materials.
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Hundreds of soldiers appeared across the West today to mark the 100th anniversary of the Battle of the Somme.
The sobering living tribute saw the soldiers - dressed in full World War One uniform - throughout our cities.
Commuters, and shoppers were stopped in their tracks as the soldiers silently appeared, before disappearing back into the crowds.
At points they sang "we're here because we're here" - a song sung by World War One soldiers in the trenches to the tune of Auld Lang Syne.
Many snapped photos of the occasion, remarking on the poignant tribute.
When members of the public approached the soldiers they were handed cards -carrying the name of a soldier who died on this day, 100-years-ago.
People have gathered to remember the thousands of men lost on the first day of the Battle of the Somme.
How can I commemorate the Battle of the Somme?
There are a number of different events happening across our region to commemorate the Battle of the Somme.
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What was it like to live and fight during World War II? This series uses a variety of illustrations and historical resources, such as newspaper extracts to provide a perspective of World War II. It also includes timelines and 'In the News' features.
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