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Medium format needs a lot more light?
While reading about larger camera format, this article The Light Eater: The Biggest Challenge of Large Format Portraiture | Fstoppers caught my attention. I though of getting some clarification and feedback from people having experience with medium format: how practical is the use of a medium format format compared to 24x36 ? Is it truly difficult to use for common use cases? Thank for sharing your thought from experience. I'd be very interested.
I found the article a bit muddled. I use a Pentax 645z, A K-1, and sometimes a 645Nii or Hasselblad. I also have a Cambo 4x5" film camera.
It's all about the lens and area of film / sensor you are trying to illuminate. The 645z is trivial to step up to from a FF 35mm Pentax - the faster lenses tend to be f/2.8 instead of f/1.4, so that means you need to respect the light meter ;-) and probably add more light. I use the same 540FGZII on both the K1 and 645Z, as well as Godox AD400 and AD600Pro.
Larger lens diameter = more light gathering power = usually heavier. Plus ts harder to get a flat field on the film plane corner-to-corner.
The old 4x5 and 8x10 flim cameras tended to have smaller, slower lenses than the optical wonders we have today. Plus you are trying to cover a heck of a lot more surface area with photons at the focal plane.
Yes and no. In the KB-World 2.8 an higher is normal. In the medium format only some optics have 2.8 most of them are 4.0 ore less. Therefore you need more light fully open.
If you come down to the same aperture, there isn't any difference in the light.
I wonder which question I should answer first - let's start with amount of light. MF lenses do have longer focal lengths in order to preserve proper field of view, for instance 'standard' for 6x7 is either 90 or 127 mm. Using 1/f rule, it means slowest shutter speed of 1/90 or 1/120 s. Moreover. these lenses are slow - f/1.8 for Mamiya 645 is the fastest one, the rest for this system offers something like f/2.4 at best. Lenses for 67 are even slower, typically around 3.5 or 4. When you take bellows into account, like in Mamiya RB/RZ, additional 0.5 or 1 stop of light can be lost. Is MF practical? Well, it depends on how you are going to use it, and which MF we talk about. In general 645 SLR can be considered heavy and beefed up version of 24x36. Mamiya RB 67 is like a heavy shoebox but it is capable camera. 6x9 rangefinder (i.e. Fuji GSW) is large, but light. I haven't had Pentax 67 so I cannot tell anything about it.
MF lenses do have longer focal lengths in order to preserve proper field of view, for instance 'standard' for 6x7 is either 90 or 127 mm. Using 1/f rule, it means slowest shutter speed of 1/90 or 1/120 s.
It's good that you mention about the shutter speed and reciprocity because I was asking myself the question whether I could use a slower shutter speed to compensate for the smaller aperture needed for the depth of field. I remember when I used apsc (Pentax K3) , some people had issues with the pixel density and we agreed that on apsc we should use a shutter speed = 1.5 x 1 / FL (for example: FL = 70mm on apsc, the minimum shutter speed would be around 1/100th sec. for apsc). So if I use the same idea for medium format, it would need that I can use a shutter speed slower than the 1/FL reciprocity used for full frame. For example, for full frame the shutter speed would be 1/100th s. for 100mm FL lens on full frame, and the shutter speed would still be 1/100th sec. with a 130mm FL lens on medium format 645z. But I don't know to what extent that would still work.
So, to be short, I don't know if the slower lens can be compensated by a slower shutter speed when using the 35mm equivalent focal length for the reciprocity rule.
FWIW, I use the same light meter for my meterless 35mm cameras as for 4x5 large format. Any concerns about "total light" and light gathering ability of available lenses are baseless unless one is doing astrophotography.
That aside, there is the matter of DOF being more precious with the larger format such that f/5.6 is a fast lens on 4x5 and even that may be hard to manage without using the camera's movements. Medium format is not a whole lot better. Consider the traditional Pentax lineup of lenses for 645 and 6x7; yes, f/2.8 is the norm for a "fast" lens of moderate focal length and it is not a matter of physical size. Faster apertures are unusable. It might be noted that ISO 400 films are very popular for natural light photography with larger format due to the freedom to use shorter exposure times and the happy coincidence that the larger format "eats" grain due to less magnification being needed for enlargements.
I noted the use of camera movements. They exist, at least partially, to allow for adjustment of the focus plane to help compensate for low DOF. The article mentions bellows extension. Yes, that reduces effective lens speed, but the case is overstated for all but tight head shots and table-top work. The rule of thumb is no compensation at less than 50% extension (~1/2 stop, 1:2 "macro") from infinity.
Chamonix 045N-2 (view camera), 6x7, 150mm, unknown aperture, hand-held meter with no bellows compensation or movements used, Ektar 100.
Chamonix 045N-2 (view camera), 6x7, 150mm, unknown aperture, hand-held meter with no bellows compensation, significant use of swing and tilt to adjust focus plane, Ektar 100.
It is unlikely that this shot could have been made without use of camera movements.
Chamonix 045N-2 (view camera), 6x7, 150mm, unknown aperture, hand-held meter with no bellows compensation or movements used, Acros 100.
Chamonix 045N-2 (view camera), Token 4x5" for comparison, 150mm, unknown aperture, hand-held meter with no bellows compensation, swing and tilt used to adjust focus plane, Arista.EDU Ultra 100.
Yes, movements were required for this shot. IIRC, I was using f/22 or thereabouts. Note that the trees in the background are OOF.
Chamonix 045N-2 (view camera), Another token 4x5" for comparison, 90mm, unknown aperture, hand-held meter with no bellows compensation, swing and tilt used to adjust focus plane, Arista.EDU Ultra 100.
Yes, even with a wide angle, DOF is an issue at moderate distances (the near foreground was about 4' distant). I was able to use a longer exposure here (~2s) and due to dim light, I was probably no wider than f/22, but still had to use both swings and tilts (front and back) to provide adequate near-far focus.
Yes, even with a wide angle, DOF is an issue at moderate distances (the near foreground was about 4' distant. I was able to use a longer exposure here (~2s) and due to dim light, I was probably no wider than f/22, but still had to use both swings and tilts (front and back) to provide adequate near-far focus.
So in all of these cases presented here, you had to use a tripod either to allow tilt/shift or simply cope with the slow shutter speed?
My bad...all were done with my Chamonix 4x5 view camera, a tripod-dependent thing. The examples were chosen to show where the limits might be for common shooting. There are better examples on this site and on Flickr. Since the linked article in the original post was specific to large format, these might be pertinent.
Using tilt and shift for Scheimpflug is an on-tripod experience regardless of camera used.* Walk-around hand-held use for general shooting is possible and common with medium format cameras made for that purpose, but requires good technique. With any luck, user @Rense might check in. He does street photography with a Pentax 6x7 using the waist-level finder !
* Rough adjustment is eyeballed on the ground-glass followed by fine adjustment with a magnifying loupe.
Last edited by stevebrot; 02-26-2019 at 01:22 PM.
Medium format isn't much harder than 24x36 (full frame), unless you simply must have f/1.4 or f/1.2 lenses. FStoppers use such lenses since they're the only cool things to use and you simply must be cool (long sigh.) The point of the article is large format has noticeably smaller working apertures than cool full frame kit so in the same situation you'll need more powerful lights when shooting under artificial light. That's all.
2. 1/f rule with crop factor - this is the scenario where you could use slower shutter. Basically it means that 1/50s should be fine for every 'standard' lens regardless the format.
To shed a light on the latter: 1/50s should (on average) yield sharp images in following configurations: 35mm / APS-C, 50mm / Full Frame, and 90mm / 6x7, in short with 'standard' lens for given format. In reality, it depends on photographer and equipment used - I use option 1, but this is my personal choice, and of course YMMV. Weight of the camera may affect minimal shutter speed, but again this is matter of personal preference, albeit most people claim that heavier cameras are more stable. The weight may differ significantly even within same class of MF - for example Mamiya RB 67 is around 50% heavier than Pentax 67.
Nice setup you show here!~!!!!!
The short answer is yes. Use a tripod or add light, or be prepared to push the ISO. Don't forget the 645Z doesn't have IBIS either.
I though of getting some clarification and feedback from people having experience with medium format: how practical is the use of a medium format format compared to 24x36 ? Is it truly difficult to use for common use cases?
With 645 film, my default ISO is usually 400 unless I am with a tripod or want shallow depth-of-field using something like Ektar 100 or Delta 100. But I also prefer shooting wide to normal, and usually not movement unless I want to blur it, so again, it's not that big of an impediment for me as I can shoot with slower shutter speeds and larger apertures.
With digital medium format, I think it's less of an issue because of the quality at much higher ISO ratings.
If you're used to FF or APS-C or even 35mm film, then yes, it does feel limiting, but the tradeoff is worth it for what I shoot and how I display/exhibit my work.
Also note: There is a big difference between the large format 4x5+ in the article and medium format.
Last edited by Alex645; 02-26-2019 at 03:28 PM.
Dont forget that the Fuji G(S)W series has leaf shutters. I managed to handhold a GW690 III down to 1/15 without blur, although usually 1/30 was the slowest I used IIRC.
Medium format often requires more skill to use successfully, such as with hand-held metering, of which being just knowledgeable in one method will not carry you through all situations. Also, MF cameras are viewed more as the craftsman's tools with their inherent lack of automation and gimmicky floss (e.g. Hasselblad 500CM and varients, then look at other marques which can often be seen to have more automation but still allowing complete control) which for many decades went hand-in-hand with the creative vision of the person using the camera, driven by the mind's eye, rather than what the camera wants to do, and how! For a lot of work, to get the very best quality from MF, a tripod is preferred over handheld, together with refined technique (handling and lenswork).
My use of 35mm spanned the period 1977 to 2009, continuously producing work from transparency to the Ilfochrome Classic media (of which I am a Master Printer, for some time allied with ChromaColour in Adelaide/South Australia). I would not bother going back to 35mm and producing IC prints when vastly better quality baseline imaging and printing is achieved far easier with MF, and also large format. It is much easier to meter precisely with MF and LF than the at times clumsiness of 35mm, but I will say modern meters are more than capable, but not a substitute for astute judgement and observation.
Chamonix 4x5 view camera, a tripod-dependent thing.
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Show me a Raptors fan who doesn’t appreciate a Jack called game. He’s a national treasure along with maple syrup and hockey pucks. True Raps fans know!
Yeah, the termites would definitely love Jack and his personality. They go hand and hand. Both are extremely annoying. Lol I’m just saying it like it is.. the man legit is the biggest homer of life.
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What is a potentially unwanted application or potentially unwanted content?
A potentially unwanted application (PUA) is a program that contains adware, installs toolbars or has other unclear objectives. There are some situations where a user may feel that the benefits of a potentially unwanted application outweigh the risks.
Disconnect/Clean: This option ends the action and prevents the PUA from entering your system.
You will see the Disconnect option for PUA notifications during download from a website and the Clean option for notifications for a file on disk.
Ignore: This option allows a PUA to enter your system.
Exclude from detection: To allow the detected file that is already on the computer to run in the future without interruption, click Advanced options, select the check box next to Exclude from detection and click Ignore.
Exclude signature from detection: To allow all files identified by a specific detection name (signature) to run on your computer in the future without interruption (from existing files or web download), click Advanced Options, select the check box next to Exclude signature from detection and click Ignore.
If additional detection windows with an identical detection name are displayed immediately afterward, click Ignore to close them (any additional windows are related to a detection that occurred before you excluded signature from detection).
A software wrapper is a special type of application modification that is used by some file-hosting websites. It is a third-party tool that installs the program you intended to download but adds additional software, such as toolbars or adware. The additional software may also make changes to your web browser’s homepage and search settings. File-hosting websites often do not notify the software vendor or download recipient that modifications have been made and often hide options to opt out. For these reasons, ESET classifies software wrappers as a type of PUA to allow users to accept the download or not.
Registry cleaners are programs that may suggest that the Windows registry database requires regular maintenance or cleaning. Using a registry cleaner might introduce some risks to your computer system. Additionally, some registry cleaners make unqualified, unverifiable or otherwise unsupportable claims about their benefits and/or generate misleading reports about a computer system based on the results of a "free scan". These misleading claims and reports seek to persuade you to purchase a full version or subscription, usually without allowing you to evaluate the registry cleaner before payment. For these reasons, ESET classifies such programs as PUA and provides you the option to allow or to block them.
If PUA detection is enabled in your ESET product, websites that have a reputation for promoting PUAs or that have a reputation for misleading users into performing actions that might have negative implications on their system or browsing experience will be blocked as potentially unwanted content. If you receive a notification that a website you are attempting to visit is categorized as potentially unwanted content, you can click Go Back to navigate away from the blocked web page or click Ignore and continue to allow the site to load.
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Key words: Joy, - freedom, - ecstasy, - harmony. Description: There are countless kinds of songbirds who honour the mother earth with the beauty of her plumage and her songs. These mostly small birds help the flowers to increase, hold the insect increase under control, show the food for bigger birds and smaller 4 legs, and are often those animals who direct the interest of the people again upon the nature. There are songbirds in the country as well as in the towns. Many people who hardly seem to perceive, otherwise, the nature put up bird house to attract songbirds, so that they can sing for them and deliver her message of the unity with the nature and hope for the life. Several trunks close to the earth hold songbirds for messenger. If you meet in the wood a small bird, should follow you him, because he could lead you in the right direction. Should you hit in a dream on a songbird, also connects you to him, because the animal can lead you on the right path. General meaning: Beauty, - joy, - nature. Association: "Sing" - let out something. Transcendent meaning: In the dream a message can be hidden in the song of the bird, so well listens. Pay attention also to the colour of the songbird.
see or hear: laughing future, - you forget all worries and are happy.
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0.999735 |
Your mobile phone carrier. Required for text message notifications.
Your 10 digit mobile phone number. Please do not include any spaces or punctuation. Required for text message notifications.
Select which notifications you would like to receive via e-mail.
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0.999997 |
Attack in France – State Sponsored Terror, But Which State?
How Did France’s Expanding Surveillance State Miss This?
Despite having allegedly lacked these capabilities before the “Charlie Hebo attack,” it would be revealed shortly after that indeed, French security agencies were extensively familiar with the attackers years beforehand – letting the suspects “drop from their radars” just 6 months before the attack occurred, precisely the amount of time generally required for planning and executing such an attack.
It is abundantly clear that the “Charlie Hebo attack” suspects were dangerous terrorists, tracked by the government because of this fact, but inexplicably allowed to continue on with their activities until they inevitably carried out a deadly act of terrorism on French soil – an act of terrorism quickly exploited to ramrod through unpopular security bills and further perpetuate France’s unpopular role in America’s various extraterritorial military adventures abroad, including the West’s proxy war in Syria.Those involved in this most recent attack will also likely be revealed to have been tracked by French security agencies long before the attacks – this is because the attacks will, by necessity, need to be linked to the Syrian conflict to justify the recent appearance of France’s largest warship, the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, the Charles de Gaulle, off the coast of Syria, and the much larger Western military intervention needed in order to save a proxy war that has been all but lost by the West.
All that was left to complete the equation was an incredible act of galvanizing violence that would create the long-absent public support the West needed to justify further meddling in Syria – public support that the narratives of “helping freedom fighters,” recycled lies regarding “weapons of mass destruction,” and tales of “barrel bombs” failed to generate.
Among the targets in this most recent attack was a football stadium hosting a French-German match attended by French President François Hollande himself – which is particularly important to note since foreknowledge of Hollande’s location would have required significant planning and preparations. The choice of attacking a football stadium is also significant, considering that undoubtedly the primary demographic attending the football match would have been those most vocally opposed to the expanding refugee crisis. In other words, it was an attack designed specifically to provoke French public opinion into supporting action.
The scale of the attack is that of a military operation. It would have required a large group of well trained militants, well armed and funded, with experience in planning and executing coordinated military operations, moving large amounts of weapons clandestinely, experts in the use of weapons and explosives, as well as possessing intelligence capabilities used to somehow circumvent France’s increasingly colossal surveillance capabilities.
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WATCH: Is 50 the new 40 for motherhood?
Kelly Wallace | 4/7/2016, 9 a.m.
(CNN) Janet Jackson might soon become the new symbol of the rise of the 50-year-old mom.
The 49-year-old singer/songwriter, who turns 50 next month, announced to fans in a video on Twitter on Wednesday that she would be delaying the second leg of her "Unbreakable" world tour because she and her husband are focused on family planning.
"I thought it was important that you be the first to know. My husband and I are planning our family, so I'm going to have to delay the tour," she said with a smile. "Please, if you can try and understand that it's important that I do this now. I have to rest up, doctor's orders. But I have not forgotten about you. I will continue the tour as soon as I possibly can."
There's no word on how Jackson and her husband, 41-year-old Qatari billionaire Wissam Al Mana, hope to build a family, whether through natural means, fertility treatments, surrogacy or adoption.
If Jackson has or adopts a child, she would be following in the footsteps of other mothers, such as singer Sophie B. Hawkins, who already had a young son, and decided to have another baby at 50. She admitted her age made her think more than twice about the humongous and life-changing step.
"I went through waking up crying and saying, 'Am I too old? Will I suddenly at 51 have my knees give out?' " Hawkins, who used a sperm donor and was implanted with her own frozen embryo, told People magazine in 2015.
"Now I don't have any of those fears because I feel healthy and strong. I'm also setting up a good net of support, and that's the key to anybody having a child."
Jackson and Hawkins are part of a small but growing trend of women doing what was unthinkable only a few decades ago: becoming moms at 50 and beyond, according to a recent story in AARP The Magazine.
In 2013, an average of 13 children were born every week to mothers 50 years and older, the magazine reported. In 2012, women 50 and older had 600 babies, up from 144 births in 1997, based on numbers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
And those numbers don't take into account the women who become mothers through adoption or surrogacy, women like Deborah, who had a child "close to 50," she says. She used a surrogate after she learned through in vitro fertilization that she could get pregnant but could not carry a child to term.
A few years later, Deborah, who wanted to use only her first name for this article, had another child after her surrogate offered to carry and deliver a second baby for her and her husband.
"That was the best decision we made, or she helped us make ... because I do think that it's a bit of a burden on an only child to have an older parent," she said.
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Is it possible to prevent type 1 diabetes by avoiding cows milk?
The long-awaited result of the TRIGR Study, published in JAMA, shows that baby formula in which the cow’s milk proteins have been split does not prevent type 1 diabetes in children with genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.
Previous studies have indicated that early exposure to complex foreign proteins, such as cow’s milk proteins, increases the risk of type 1 diabetes in individuals with genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. “In 2002, we therefore embarked on a large-scale study on 2159 infants with a family member affected by type 1 diabetes and with genetic risk for type 1 diabetes to find an answer to the question whether delaying the exposure to complex foreign proteins will decrease the risk of diabetes”, says Professor Mikael Knip from the University of Helsinki, the leader of the international TRIGR Study.
The results show that in this large international randomized trial weaning to an extensively hydrolyzed casein formula during infancy did not result in a reduction in the incidence of type 1 diabetes compared to regular intact cow’s-milk-based formula after about 11.5 years of follow up. Accordingly there is no evidence to revise the current dietary recommendations for infants at high risk for type 1 diabetes.
Article: Effect of Hydrolyzed Infant Formula vs Conventional Formula on Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: The TRIGR Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2018; 319: Jan 2, 2018. Writing Group for the TRIGR Study Group: Knip M, Åkerblom HK, Al Taji E, Becker D, Bruining J, Castano L, Danne T, de Beaufort C, Dosch H-M, Dupre J, Fraser WD, Howard N, Ilonen J, Konrad D, Kordonouri O, Krischer JP, Lawson ML, Ludvigsson J, Madacsy L, Mahon JL, Ormisson A, Palmer JP, Pozzilli P, Savilahti E, Serrano-Rios M, Songini M, Taback S, Vaarala O, White NH, Virtanen SM, Wasikowa R.
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Why does the civil war in Syria receive so much attention compared to the wars happening in Central Africa?
It appears to me that the multiple civil wars currently taking place in Central Africa mainly the Central African Republic and the Congo receive almost no attention in terms of media compared to the war in syria. Does anyone know why? It can't be just plainly because of the casualties because the wars are far more deadly and far more complex than the war in syria.
Remoteness, both in distance and in culture?
Possibly but I have become of the opinion it is "western" civilizations inability to care unless it feels threatened. No one actually cares about the casualties otherwise they would care about Africa it is about the possibility that Islamic extremists could gain power after overthrowing AL-Assad.
It's an easy coverage and there are plenty of photo opportunities for people to fire off their AK47s etc., at non-existent enemies.
Makes good TV news and the uncritical and uneducated (in warfare) can digest it and have a feeling of awe at both the firepower and the bravery of those firing at nothing.
Africa, on the other hand, (in parts) is difficult to get to, doesn't have decent hotels near the fighting, is uncomfortably humid in a lot of places and, to be brutally frank, not many people are interested anyway.
You've got to think this is changing at least a little. After all, there has been consistent coverage of the situation in Mali now for the last month.
So? 'News' will always be dictated by what are seen as our interests.
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0.999965 |
I oppose higher taxes under any circumstances because higher taxes allow the government to expand and, in the process of expanding, to retard economic growth and curtail individual freedom. We are all aware of how dysfunctional and wasteful the US government is.
In some European countries, the situation is not much better or is even worse.
Does anyone really want to give the government more money with which to wage additional senseless and extremely costly wars, and to distribute even more food stamps, and to allow even more people to receive disability benefits ?
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Lightweight long sleeves and a leopard print all lead to one thing: a must-have blouse for warm-weather style.
Choose a sizeTrue to size. XS=2, S=4-6, M=8-10, L=12-14, XL=16, XXL=18. XXSP=00P, XSP=0P, SP=2-4P, MP=6-8P, LP=10-12P, XLP=14-16P.
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0.934416 |
X-out golf balls are sold in some golf shops and retail stores in boxes with dull or plain packaging, and usually at steep discounts to "regular" golf balls. That's because an X-out ball is the result of a mistake in the manufacturing process: a cosmetic imperfection. The golf ball is sound, but because of the (often imperceptible) mistake in the cosmetics, the manufacturer removes the ball from its normal packaging.
In "the old days," the name brand on the ball was typically stamped over with a row of X's, hence the term "x-out."
Today, that is sometimes still the case, but alternately, several X's may be stamped near (but not over) the brand name.
Or the term "x-out" might be printed on the golf ball.
The term "x-out" usually appears on the packaging of x-out golf balls, or the packaging might describe the balls as something like "cosmetically blemished."
Today, some manufacturers package the x-outs themselves, often into 24-count boxes, and sell them under the brand name, while making sure consumers know the balls inside are x-outs.
As noted, the reason a ball is designated an x-out is almost always cosmetic; regardless, recreational golfers will not be able to tell any difference in ball performance compared to "regular" golf balls.
Let's use Titleist for the sake of illustration. If during the manufacturing process some tiny little error occurs and the resulting balls are not up to Titleist standards, the company will not package those balls and try to pass them off as Titleist golf balls.
But since the error is almost certainly just cosmetic, Titleist doesn't want to toss them out with the garbage either, because that would be a complete loss of money. So instead, Titleist stamps a row of X's across the "Titleist" name (or otherwise designates the ball an x-out), packages such balls in generic packaging and puts a cheaper price on them. Titleist still makes money, and many golfers get practice balls or play balls on the cheap.
Are X-Outs Legal Under the Rules?
The USGA and R&A maintain a list of conforming golf balls, and, according to the rules, only balls that appear on that list are "legal" in tournaments or at clubs where the Conforming Ball condition is in effect.
Needless to say, x-out balls are not submitted by their manufacturers to the USGA or R&A for approval, and so they do not appear on the list of conforming balls.
Therefore, if you are competing in a tournament or at a club where the Conforming Ball condition is in effect, x-outs are illegal for play.
Does that mean that you can't use an x-out when it's just you and your buddies having a good time? No, it doesn't. And not all competition committees enforce the Conforming Ball condition, so it's possible that you might even be able to use x-outs in competition (if you're willing to be laughed at by the other competitors).
X-outs are played mostly by beginners or by golfers on a strict budget. Better golfers never use x-outs for play but might buy them as practice balls.
Do You Know What the Numbers on a Golf Ball Mean?
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What pass should I get? Want to ski Park and Pow.
breakdown below. I go for snoqualmie/alpental because it is the closest to me i'd rather go 3-4 nights a week than 1-2. Also if you haven't skiied in the PNW before you should know that our pow is very different than Colorado pow, it's heavy.
Stevens = 1.5 hours good pow and they have a good park. However, there night skiing is a bit lacking and doesn't include the park.
Snoqualmie = 1 hour, lower elevation but easy to get to and always has parking. Also the park is open at night. Alpental (same pass) has some good terrain as well as back country access.
Crystal mountain = 2 hours best pow & big terrain. They don't have any big jumps though. just rails and boxes.
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I’m an RA and I was recently notified that one of my freshman residents called home to her parents saying she wanted to commute next semester instead of live on campus. They called my supervisor, who said she’d have me talk to her, but how do I do that without my resident knowing that her parents called?
Starting at a new school while living away from your parents for the first time can be tough, as I’m sure you remember from your days as a freshman. While living close enough to your parents that you can go back and forth to and from campus can be a good thing, (can you say free laundry?) it can also make it somewhat difficult to sever ties when you’re living away at school.
Keeping this in mind, my suggestion is to speak to all of your residents, whether you know they’re having a hard time or not, and just check in to see how they’re adjusting. That way, the resident(s) about whom you’re most concerned won’t feel like they’re being called out, and you also have an opportunity to put at ease others who feel similarly but are too nervous to speak up. Best of luck to you and your residents!
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When you hear the word “mentoring,” what comes to mind? Most people think of a one-on-one interaction with a senior level individual teaching a junior level individual without the use of technology. If this is the case, you’re thinking of traditional mentoring.
As the workforce continues to become more diverse, traditional mentoring is evolving. Individuals are continuing to learn new skills and receive guidance, but this is being done using new perspectives and technology. These changes have led to organizations considering more modern types of mentoring.
Traditional mentoring and modern mentoring have the same goals, but they promote different ways to reach those goals. It’s important to understand the benefits of each when identifying the needs of the organization and its individuals.
More individuals are able to participant in the mentoring program, especially when virtual and group mentoring are implemented.
Modern mentoring types like flash mentoring focus on teaching an individual hard skills.
Networking opportunities outside of the organization are possible after a round of speed mentoring.
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More of a style than a genre, Anime games are inspired by Japanese animation and video games. Anime settings tend to have outlandish aspects to them, and characters are often over the top. These games may take place in almost any timeframe, from distant past to far future, and may focus on anything from teenage high school drama to giant robots battling in outer space.
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Some people prefer to get advice from doctors while others prefer internet for medical recommendations? Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Now that you can find almost everything on the internet, some people prefer to simply search searching for medical remedies whenever illness symptoms start to appear instead of visiting a real doctor (X instead of Y: X, Y should be parallel. searching, visiting). I strongly disagree with this action because it may cause negative reaction due to a wrong diagnosis by the person himself.
In conclusion, nobody should play luck games when it comes to their health by trying various advices from the internet. Health is the most valuable thing in a human’s life, and losing it means losing everything you own.
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ENGLISH: POWER OF ATTORNEY - A power of attorney (POA) or letter of attorney in common law systems or mandate in civil law systems is an authorization to act on someone else's behalf in a legal or business matter. The person authorizing the other to act is the principal, granter or donor (of the power), and the one authorized to act is the agent or attorney-in-fact or, in many common law jurisdictions, simply the attorney.
A power of attorney may be oral and whether witnessed or not, will hold up in court, the same as if it were in writing. For some purposes, the law requires a power of attorney to be in writing. Many institutions, such as hospitals, banks and, in the United States, the Internal Revenue Service, require a power of attorney to be in writing before they will honor it, and they will usually keep an original copy for their records. In some countries and situations, an Electronic Power of Attorney can also be considered valid.
FRENCH (FRANÇAIS) - CONTRAT DE MANDAT (PROCURATION - DÉLÉGATION DE POUVOIR): Document donnant à un tiers le pouvoir d'agir au nom d'une autre personne, soit à des fins particulières, soit à des fins générales.
Le mandat est un contrat par lequel une personne, le mandant, donne à une autre personne, le mandataire, le pouvoir de faire un ou des actes juridiques en son nom et pour son compte. La principale caractéristique du contrat de mandat est que le mandataire doit exercer sa mission en toute indépendance.
SPANISH (ESPAÑOL) - PROCURACIÓN JURADA: Instrumento que autoriza a una persona para actuar en representación de otra, bien sea en general o para algún fin especificado.
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Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 20 years old when The Beatles make their first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, performing before a "record-busting" audience of 73 million viewers across the USA. The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band in history. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. In 1963, their enormous popularity first emerged as "Beatlemania"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 3 years old when India gains Independence from British rule after near 190 years of Crown rule and joins the Commonwealth of Nations. India, also called the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. India gains Independence from British rule after near 190 years of Crown rule and joins the Commonwealth of Nations. India, also called the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 4 years old when Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist. Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 in the compound of Birla House, a large mansion. His assassin was Nathuram Vinayak Godse, a right-wing advocate of Hindu nationalism, a member of the political party the Hindu Mahasabha, and a past member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which he left in 1940 to form an armed organization. Godse had planned the assassination. Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist. Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 in the compound of Birla House, a large mansion. His assassin was Nathuram Vinayak Godse, a right-wing advocate of Hindu nationalism, a member of the political party the Hindu Mahasabha, and a past member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which he left in 1940 to form an armed organization. Godse had planned the assassination.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 10 years old when The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, outlawing racial segregation in public schools because "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and therefore unconstitutional. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States. Established pursuant to Article Three of the United States Constitution in 1789, it has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and state court cases, involving issues of federal law plus original jurisdiction over a small range of cases. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court is generally the final interpreter of federal law including the United States Constitution, but it may act only within the context of a case in which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones, but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions, and its enforcement arm is in the executive rather than judicial branch of government. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, outlawing racial segregation in public schools because "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and therefore unconstitutional. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States. Established pursuant to Article Three of the United States Constitution in 1789, it has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and state court cases, involving issues of federal law plus original jurisdiction over a small range of cases. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court is generally the final interpreter of federal law including the United States Constitution, but it may act only within the context of a case in which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones, but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions, and its enforcement arm is in the executive rather than judicial branch of government.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 11 years old when Disneyland Hotel opens to the public in Anaheim, California. The Disneyland Hotel is a resort hotel located at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, owned by the Walt Disney Company and operated through its Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products division. Opened on October 5, 1955, as a motor inn owned and operated by Jack Wrather under an agreement with Walt Disney, the hotel was the first to officially bear the Disney name. Under Wrather's ownership, the hotel underwent several expansions and renovations over the years before being acquired by Disney in 1988. The hotel was downsized to its present capacity in 1999 as part of the Disneyland Resort expansion. Disneyland Hotel opens to the public in Anaheim, California. The Disneyland Hotel is a resort hotel located at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, owned by the Walt Disney Company and operated through its Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products division. Opened on October 5, 1955, as a motor inn owned and operated by Jack Wrather under an agreement with Walt Disney, the hotel was the first to officially bear the Disney name. Under Wrather's ownership, the hotel underwent several expansions and renovations over the years before being acquired by Disney in 1988. The hotel was downsized to its present capacity in 1999 as part of the Disneyland Resort expansion.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 13 years old when Space Race: Launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. The Space Race refers to the 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for dominance in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, aided by captured German missile technology and personnel from the Aggregat program. The technological superiority required for such dominance was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, uncrewed space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon. Space Race: Launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. The Space Race refers to the 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for dominance in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, aided by captured German missile technology and personnel from the Aggregat program. The technological superiority required for such dominance was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, uncrewed space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 19 years old when John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas; hours later, Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in aboard Air Force One as the 36th President of the United States. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. He served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his presidency dealt with managing relations with the Soviet Union. As a member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented the state of Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate prior to becoming president. John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas; hours later, Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in aboard Air Force One as the 36th President of the United States. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. He served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his presidency dealt with managing relations with the Soviet Union. As a member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented the state of Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate prior to becoming president.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 20 years old when Martin Luther King Jr. received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. Born in Atlanta, King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi helped inspire. Martin Luther King Jr. received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. Born in Atlanta, King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi helped inspire.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 21 years old when Thirty-five hundred United States Marines are the first American land combat forces committed during the Vietnam War. The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. Thirty-five hundred United States Marines are the first American land combat forces committed during the Vietnam War. The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 28 years old when Munich massacre: Nine Israeli athletes die (along with a German policeman) at the hands of the Palestinian "Black September" terrorist group after being taken hostage at the Munich Olympic Games. Two other Israeli athletes were slain in the initial attack the previous day. The Munich massacre was an attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, in which the Palestinian terrorist group Black September took eleven Israeli Olympic team members hostage and killed them along with a West German police officer. Munich massacre: Nine Israeli athletes die (along with a German policeman) at the hands of the Palestinian "Black September" terrorist group after being taken hostage at the Munich Olympic Games. Two other Israeli athletes were slain in the initial attack the previous day. The Munich massacre was an attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, in which the Palestinian terrorist group Black September took eleven Israeli Olympic team members hostage and killed them along with a West German police officer.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 29 years old when Vietnam War: The last United States combat soldiers leave South Vietnam. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies; the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, Australia, Thailand and other anti-communist allies. The war is considered a Cold War-era proxy war by some US perspectives. The majority of Americans believe the war was unjustified. The war would last roughly 19 years and would also form the Laotian Civil War as well as the Cambodian Civil War, which also saw all three countries become communist states in 1975. Vietnam War: The last United States combat soldiers leave South Vietnam. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies; the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, Australia, Thailand and other anti-communist allies. The war is considered a Cold War-era proxy war by some US perspectives. The majority of Americans believe the war was unjustified. The war would last roughly 19 years and would also form the Laotian Civil War as well as the Cambodian Civil War, which also saw all three countries become communist states in 1975.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 31 years old when India's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar, Russia. India, also called the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. India's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar, Russia. India, also called the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 33 years old when Star Wars is released in theaters. Star Wars is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the first film in the original Star Wars trilogy and the beginning of the Star Wars franchise. Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star. Star Wars is released in theaters. Star Wars is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the first film in the original Star Wars trilogy and the beginning of the Star Wars franchise. Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 34 years old when Jim Jones led more than 900 members of the Peoples Temple to mass murder/suicide in Jonestown, Guyana, hours after some of its members assassinated U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan (pictured). James Warren Jones was an American religious cult leader who initiated and was responsible for a mass suicide and mass murder in Jonestown, Guyana. He considered Jesus Christ as being in compliance with an overarching belief in socialism as the correct social order. Jones was ordained as a Disciples of Christ pastor, and he achieved notoriety as the founder and leader of the Peoples Temple cult. Jim Jones led more than 900 members of the Peoples Temple to mass murder/suicide in Jonestown, Guyana, hours after some of its members assassinated U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan (pictured). James Warren Jones was an American religious cult leader who initiated and was responsible for a mass suicide and mass murder in Jonestown, Guyana. He considered Jesus Christ as being in compliance with an overarching belief in socialism as the correct social order. Jones was ordained as a Disciples of Christ pastor, and he achieved notoriety as the founder and leader of the Peoples Temple cult.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 42 years old when Space Shuttle program: STS-51-L mission: Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrates after liftoff, killing all seven astronauts on board. The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its official name, Space Transportation System (STS), was taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. Space Shuttle program: STS-51-L mission: Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrates after liftoff, killing all seven astronauts on board. The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its official name, Space Transportation System (STS), was taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 46 years old when Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison outside Cape Town, South Africa after 27 years as a political prisoner. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997. Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison outside Cape Town, South Africa after 27 years as a political prisoner. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 50 years old when The Rwandan genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down. The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government. An estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 Rwandans were killed during the 100-day period from 7 April to mid-July 1994, constituting as many as 70% of the Tutsi population. Additionally, 30% of the Pygmy Batwa were killed. The genocide and widespread slaughter of Rwandans ended when the Tutsi-backed and heavily armed Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) led by Paul Kagame took control of the country. An estimated 2,000,000 Rwandans, mostly Hutus, were displaced and became refugees. The Rwandan genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down. The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government. An estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 Rwandans were killed during the 100-day period from 7 April to mid-July 1994, constituting as many as 70% of the Tutsi population. Additionally, 30% of the Pygmy Batwa were killed. The genocide and widespread slaughter of Rwandans ended when the Tutsi-backed and heavily armed Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) led by Paul Kagame took control of the country. An estimated 2,000,000 Rwandans, mostly Hutus, were displaced and became refugees.
Stephen Frederick Paulsen was 55 years old when Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 13 people and injured 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado. The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Columbine, an unincorporated area of Jefferson County, Colorado, United States, in the Denver metropolitan area. In addition to the shootings, the complex and highly planned attack involved a fire bomb to divert firefighters, propane tanks converted to bombs placed in the cafeteria, 99 explosive devices, and car bombs. The perpetrators, senior students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher. They injured 21 additional people, and three more were injured while attempting to escape the school. The pair subsequently committed suicide. Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 13 people and injured 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado. The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Columbine, an unincorporated area of Jefferson County, Colorado, United States, in the Denver metropolitan area. In addition to the shootings, the complex and highly planned attack involved a fire bomb to divert firefighters, propane tanks converted to bombs placed in the cafeteria, 99 explosive devices, and car bombs. The perpetrators, senior students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher. They injured 21 additional people, and three more were injured while attempting to escape the school. The pair subsequently committed suicide.
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What causes the wild or gamey taste in venison?
Venison refers to the meat of antlered animals such as deer, moose, elk and caribou. The 'wild' flavor of venison is directly related to what the animal eats. Corn fed deer will have a milder flavor than those that eat acorns or sage. The 'gamey' flavor is more noticeable in the fat. Removing the fat, connective tissue, silver skin, bone and hair during processing lessens the 'gamey' taste. However, undesirable strong flavors are due to inadequate bleeding, delay in field dressing or failure to cool the carcass promptly.
The "wild" flavor of venison is directly related to what the animal eats.
There are many different methods that help improve the “gamey” taste of venison.
Removing hair reduces undesirable, gamey flavors.
Use a vinegar-soaked cloth to remove hairs.
Pound meat with a tenderizing tool.
Make several small cuts in the meat with a knife.
Spices may be used to cover up the 'gamey' flavors in venison.
Experiment with herbs like rosemary, marjoram, thyme and sage.
Add other fats to keep game meat from becoming too dry.
Rub a roast with oil, butter, margarine, bacon fat, sweet cream or sour cream to add moisture, richness and flavor.
Marinade may be used to cover up the 'gamey' flavors in venison.
Marinades tenderize (soften muscle fibers) and enhance the flavor of venison.
Marinades can add fat and calories to this lean cut of meat.
Always be marinate meats in the refrigerator.
Always include a high-acid liquid like lemon or tomato juice, vinegar or wine to soften the muscle fibers.
No time to marinate? Cover the meat with vinegar water (2 tablespoons vinegar to a quart of water) and place in the refrigerator for about an hour before cooking.
Marinades can tenderize, enhance and disguise game flavors.
Cover meat with one of the following marinades.
2 cups vinegar, 2 cups water and ½ cup sugar.
Tomato sauce or undiluted tomato soup.
Fruit juice (such as lemon, pineapple or a mixture of many juices).
¼ cup vinegar, ½ cup cooking oil, ½ teaspoon pepper and ¼ teaspoon garlic salt.
2 cups water, 2 cups vinegar, 1-2 tablespoons sugar, 4 bay leaves, 1 teaspoon salt, 12 whole cloves, 1 teaspoon allspice and 3 medium sized onions, sliced.
2 tablespoons vinegar, 1 ½ teaspoon ground ginger, 1 clove garlic, minced, 2 tablespoons brown sugar, ½ cup soy sauce and ¾ cup vegetable oil.
Broil, roast, or braise the marinated meat.
Big games animals tend to exercise more than domestic animals. Their muscles are relatively lean so venison tends to be drier and less tender than beef. Meat high on the upper hind legs and along the backbone is the tenderest. It's important to use cooking methods that add juiciness and flavor.
Braising (simmering in a small amount of liquid in a covered pot).
Can use dry cooking method. Pan frying, broiling or grilling.
Retain more juice if the cuts are no thicker than 3/4 inch.
Cook steaks and chops quickly. Do not crowd pan. Water seeps out if the heat is too low or pieces are crowded.
Don't overcook or cook at temperatures above 375 F. The short fibers in wild game meat will get tough.
Baste very lean cuts with additional fat to improve flavor. Covering roast with bacon strips will provide self-basting.
Completely thaw and cut venison into medium to small uniform pieces before placing in the slow cooker. This helps venison cook evenly and prevents bacteria from growing.
Heat on high for 1 hour to maintain proper temperature.
Do not lift the cover of the slow cooker during the cooking process. It takes 20 minutes for the slow cooker to recover the heat.
Cooking venison to the proper temperature is the last chance you have to destroy any harmful bacteria or parasites.
Once the internal temperature of venison is confirmed with a food thermometer and has reached the minimum internal temperature, it is safe to eat, regardless of the color of the meat, which may still have a pinkish color. The pink color can be from the cooking method used like smoking or adding ingredients like celery or onions in meatloaf.
Cook to a minimum internal temperature of 145 F (medium rare).
Cook to a minimum of 160 F.
When you grind meat, you spread any bacteria present throughout the entire batch.
Cook to an internal temperature of 165 F.
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How well do your favorite stars match the characters they're portraying?
Everyone loves a good biopic. Between the familiar storylines and characters with real depth (because the figures they're based on have real depth), people can relate to them.
Of course, these films are a double challenge for the actors who play their protagonists because not only do they have to embody their characters' personalities, they also have to physically resemble those characters.
Luckily, many actors pass with flying colors and convincingly depict their subjects. Here are some impressive portrayals for your enjoyment; in some, it's hard to tell the two stars apart!
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In order to fully tackle Disney’s California Adventure Park in ONE day, you need to plan ahead. Sit down with the family or friends and create an itinerary of what food, rides, and shows you want to experience. With a plan in motion, it makes it much easier to tackle the park in one day without missing out on a favorite attraction or opportunity.
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Are you successfully using LinkedIn to it's full capacity to help you build your brand, drive new business, or find that dream job that you're seeking? I've successfully completed 250+ LinkedIn profile revamps for independent professions, small business owners, and C-Level executives, and help them generate $2.3M in new business. I'd be happy to answer your questions and help you start using LinkedIn more effectively to drive results.
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I’ve now spent several months preparing for our road trip to Texas and have learned it is not as easy as just jumping in a car and heading south. Here are a few things to consider when taking cross border roadtrips.
Snacks: Bread, cookies, crackers, granola bars, and cereal are generally admissible especially if they are a purchased processed food. Candy and chocolate are also okay.
Cheese: Solid cheese (cheddar) and things like Feta Cheese and Mozzarella are generally allowed as long as they don’t contain meat. Don’t bring anything unpasteurized or cheese that pours like heavy cream.
Dried and canned fruit: Canned food besides meat is generally admissible and so are dried fruits.
Milk: Milk for an infant for a few days is admissible. Don’t be expected to be allowed to bring more than a 2 day supply.
Formula: If you are bringing in formula, it must be sealed and in original containers. I would only attempt to bring formula from Canada. I have done so in the past and have had no issues.
Nuts: Any cooked or processed nuts are generally allowed.
Fruits and vegetables: Pay attention. You must declare every fruit and vegetable you are bringing in. Both need to be cleaned by you before entry into U.S. will be granted. Any fruit or veggie with a label from Canada will generally be let in. They have to be grown in Canada and not just bought there. I would seriously advise just buying fruit when you cross the border.
Meat: Honestly don’t bother. If you really want to bring meat, you need a receipt from the store as well as labels of where it was packaged. Trust me, there are grocery stores in America. Big ones.
We try very hard to eat organically so part of my road trip planning has been dedicated to locating stores close to where we are traveling. I highly suggest avoiding bringing food over the border based on the sheer hassle of it all. If you do go ahead and do it, make sure to declare your food. Otherwise, you may face heavy fines or have your food taken from you without compensation.
These rules tend to apply exactly the same for U.S. visitors to Canada.
The word “roaming” induces fear in anyone who has traveled with their own cellphones. The laws about roaming with Canadian companies are slowly changing but you can still rack up quite a large cell phone bill in a short amount of time. My original plan, as we are spending more than a month in the U.S., was to simply buy a pre-paid phone or try very hard to find free wi-fi. The issue with that is that as a blogger, I must to do real-time updates.
Luckily, I was recently contacted by a company that had a solution to my roaming woes. Telaway offers SIM cards to Canadians and Europeans traveling through the U.S. to insert into their cellphones. Your phone actually needs to be unlocked but the cost of doing that will be much smaller than the cost of roaming.
Telaway offered me free data and calls while I am in the U.S. in exchange for an honest review of their product. I am under no obligation to tell you it’s great if it isn’t. I am excited to test the SIM card and will let you know what I think.
For 60 days of unlimited cell phone and data use in the U.S., the SIM card from Telaway costs $110. Frankly, I spent more than that on roaming when I was in Detroit for four days and needed to use the GPS on my iPhone a few too many times.
I’ve discussed this before but it is important to bring up again. You cannot cross the border without both of your children’s parents without a letter of consent. If taking a solo road trip like we are, you need permission from the other parent. The letters are quite easy to draft and only really require where you are going and for how long. You are not required to have the letter notarized but I highly recommend it. If doing so, make sure the lawyer uses a notary stamp. I recently got into a little bit of trouble at a border because the lawyer had signed the letter and not stamped it. We were admitted to the U.S. but given a stern warning.
Right now, kids under 15 can cross into the U.S. and Canada without a passport but will require parental consent and a birth certificate. Your kids need passports anyway. Get them now. Don’t even think about leaving yours at home.
Cross-border road trips are definitely worth it so don’t let the above scare you away. Check the regulations for the country you are entering and plan to follow their rules. It will be a much easier and more enjoyable crossing if you do.
Disclaimer: I was offered a free SIM card with unlimited data and calling while in the U.S. from Telaway.
Great post! One that I could have used for our US/Canada crossings a few weeks ago between Montreal and Vermont! 😉 We had some pre-packaged snacks and formula in the car with us on both crossings (Canada to US and then US back to Canada) with no issues. It frankly didn’t even occur to me to consider. It’s a huge border… it’s not like pathogens can’t cross it already just because of the geographical proximity. But rules are rules I suppose.
As for cell phones, it amazes me that the US and Canadian companies can’t make this easy. Texting in Canada was free for us (we have Sprint in the US) and phone calls were reasonable at 59 cents per minute, but data was INSANE. I opted for hotel WiFi for the few days we were in Montreal and that worked fine.
Looking forward to hearing all about your road trip.
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0.930428 |
If you're having trouble remembering to get your cholesterol checked, maybe there's a reason - a study finds that memory loss is associated with low levels of HDL, the "good cholesterol." Researchers believe this memory loss may lead to dementia later in life.
The study, published in July 2008 in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Journal of the American Heart Association, found that, by the age of 60, men and women with low levels of HDL were 53% more likely to have memory loss than those with higher levels.
The use of statin drugs to raise HDL levels or to lower levels of LDL, the "bad cholesterol," was not found to have any association with memory loss in the study.
And this isn't the first time researchers have found a link between cholesterol and memory problems. A study in 2002, published in the Archives of Neurology, found that women with high levels of LDL had increased degrees of cognitive impairment, including memory loss. Four years later, study subjects who lowered their LDL levels also lowered their chances of suffering from cognitive impairment.
In 2004, a study from the Netherlands found that a diet high in cholesterol and saturated fat was linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline among middle-aged study subjects. That study, published in the journal Neurology, also concluded that consumption of fish and fish oil was associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline; the reputation of fish as "brain food" appears to be intact.
How does cholesterol affect memory and cognitive function? The precise answer to that question remains a mystery. Researchers speculate that HDL may improve memory in a number of ways. HDL has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may improve brain function. HDL may also prevent the formation of beta-amyloid, associated with the plaques that form in the brain tissue of Alzheimer's patients.
Other researchers, like William Connor, M.D., professor of medicine at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland, Oregon, believe that cholesterol affects brain functioning primarily through the link between LDL and strokes, which are caused by plaque formation in the blood vessels of the brain.
"High cholesterol levels in the blood can predispose the deposition of plaque in the blood vessels," says Connor, a specialist in atherosclerosis (the process by which deposits build up in arteries). And, he adds, "stroke can result in memory loss."
A review of studies in 2011 noted that "cholesterol seems to be intimately linked with the generation of amyloid plaques," which develop in Alzheimer's disease. The majority of the studies they looked at found an association between cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease.
While researchers continue to piece together the puzzle of cholesterol and memory loss, there's much that you can do now if you're concerned about your cholesterol levels.
According to the American Heart Association, getting regular exercise and avoiding tobacco smoke can all help to moderate cholesterol levels. Cholesterol-lowering drugs can also help patients achieve their cholesterol goals.
And, of course, eating a heart-healthy diet is strongly recommended. In addition to avoiding saturated fats and cholesterol, Dr. Connor and other experts encourage people to get plenty of fiber, eat fruits and vegetables regularly and have one or two servings of fish per week.
Connor, William. Telephone interview. 5 Jul. 2008.
Mathew A, Yoshida Y, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. "Alzheimer's disease: cholesterol a menace?" Brain Res Bull. 2011 Aug 10;86(1-2):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.06.006. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
"Low Levels of Good Cholesterol Linked to Memory Loss, Dementia Risk." americanheart.org. 1 Jul. 2008. American Heart Association. 3 Sep. 2008.
Kalmijn, Sandra, et al. "Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids and Fish in Relation to Cognitive Performance at Middle Age." Neurology 62 (2004): 275-80. 6 Sep. 2008.
Singh-Manoux, Archana, et al. "Low HDL Cholesterol Is a Risk Factor for Deficit and Decline in Memory in Midlife: The Whitehall II Study." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 28 (2008): 1556-62.
Yaffe, Kristine, "Serum Lipoprotein Levels, Statin Use, and Cognitive Function in Older Women." Archives of Neurology. 59:3 (2002): 378-84. 3 Sep. 2008.
Can Drinking Tea Help Lower Your Cholesterol?
How Can You Add Pecans to Your Diet for a Healthy Heart?
Do Statins Cause Memory Loss?
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0.953041 |
Can an ulcer kill you?
Whether internal or external, ulcers can be life threatening.
Elaine knows there will be consequences for what she's about to do, but she can't help herself. She's waited weeks — months, really — for the satisfaction. She pauses before drawing a rich forkful of deep-dish Chicago-style pizza to her mouth, knowing all too well what she's about to savor: a vivid mixture of sauce and cheese, punctuated by bits of spicy Italian sausage, green peppers and onions. It's a heavenly moment that, unfortunately, will be followed by hours of hellish stomach pains.
Elaine has a peptic ulcer, which is characterized by a gnawing and painful lesion in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine. Peptic ulcers are caused by a breakdown of digestive tract tissue and pose a painful problem — especially for people who enjoy eating many things that exacerbate ulcers, such as spicy foods, tomato sauce and full-fat cheeses.
Peptic ulcers aren't the only kind of ulcers plaguing people. The word "ulcer" refers to any type of sore that forms when the skin or mucous membrane has been stripped away from tissue. An ulcer can crop up in the stomach, mouth or intestines, or it can form wherever skin breaks down. This is the case with pressure ulcers (also known as bedsores), which form when circulation to an area is inhibited and tissue dies.
Both interior and exterior ulcers can prove deadly. A number of conditions can arise from pressure ulcers, including sepsis and cellulitis. Sepsis occurs after a pressure ulcer allows infection to enter the bloodstream, causing widespread organ failure. Cellulitis refers to an infection localized in the skin and connective tissue around the sore; it's a painful and potentially fatal condition. In addition, a pressure ulcer that becomes infected can lead to infections of the bones and joints. It also can encourage a strain of squamous cell carcinoma, or cancer, that presents itself with aggressive wounds that defy treatment [source: Mayo Clinic].
Peptic ulcers can be killers, too. About 1 in 10,000 people with peptic ulcers will die because of them; in fact, about 5 percent of peptic ulcer deaths are caused by uncontrollable bleeding at wound sites [source: Stratemeier].
Ulcers – even small ones – can cause serious health concerns. And those concerns are probably worth forgoing your favorite deep-dish with sausage every now and then. For your long-term health, talking to your doctor matters even more than skipping that slice of pizza.
Are stomach ulcers caused by stress?
What does it mean when you're vomiting bile?
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0.993165 |
TCP port 2603 and service "servicemeter"
I am running AVG Firewall on WinXP Pro. AVG is asking me to allow/deny Application "System" outbound access to localhost port 2603 (TCP). Destination is 207.46.245.33 port 80.
I searched for applications named "system" and don't find any. I have no applications running that should be accessing the Internet at that time. The destination IP resolves to MSNBCENESPANOL.COM. As far as I know, I've not accessed that website before.
From what I can gather, port 2603 is assigned to a service called "servicemeter".
I have denied access. Full A/V, spyware, adware, malware scans come up empty (using AVG, ad-aware, spybot, spywareblaster).
Can anyone tell me about "servicemeter", port 2603, and why an application named "System" might be trying to use that port/service?
I suspect the application "System" is probably referring to some system-level process. That doesn't seem good.
Also, I did not run netstat to check my port connections prior to denying access, so I wasn't able to glean more insight there. I should have looked, but forgot about netstat until it was too late. I don't know. If the firewall was waiting for permission to allow/deny the connection, would netstat even show relevent information at that time, or would I have had to approve it first through the FW?
Ok, I think that's all I have to update for now.
First make sure that all your AV & Spy ware Apps are up to date and then reboot into Safe Mode and run both AV & Spy Ware Scans in there. If there is some infection involved here it will be picked up and possible removed while in Safe Mode where it can not be removed or even show up when you are running in Normal Mode.
So either you are looking at the wrong service running or you have picked up some kind of infection. A System application is a basic Windows service that is attempting to run but it can also be some form of Spy Ware or Virus as well as these embed themselves deep in Windows and act like a normal service that should be running.
But just for further reference whenever you do a system scan for Spy Ware or AV you should always be in Safe Mode as you pick up far more and can remove what you pick up without doing any damage.
I got this message for the second time today. I updated everything again this evening (updates came down for the antivirus and spybot). Ran a/v, spybot and ad-aware in Safe Mode. All still came up empty.
I checked out http://tinyurl.com/rhto2, but that didn't seem to provide me any useful information as to what may be going on.
Well as the system is showing up as clean and you already have confirmed that the correct software is installed enable the transfer from that port. It appears to be something critical to windows.
It wouldn't hurt to check any transmissions from that Port either after you enable it but by the sounds of things it's something to do with a necessary running service in Windows.
Of course hiding the thing behind a router wouldn't hurt any just to make sure that nothing important is leaving via that Port.
Thanks for your help. I gathered some interesting information over night. There were a total of 6 attempts yesterday/last night. Each was to a different URL. These attempts occured over a 11-hour period. They only occurred yesterday, and then seem to have stopped. Also, there is more activity than I initially thought. Reviewing my FW logs shows that this application attempted to access each of the six IP Addresses using my outgoing ports 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2607, 2608, 2614, 2616, 2617, 2621, 2626. 11 different outgoing ports! Each attempt tried to hit the destination IP on port 80. All were blocked.
No activity since 12:00AM today.
I can't imagine what critical system resource would operate in this manner.
I've blocked communication from my machine, and will continue to monitor. I am behind a router, and have it locked down pretty well. I'll attempt to get more information and will update this site as I get any pertinent info. I'll close it in a week if I/we don't make any good progress.
There were 6 unique IP Addresses used. Contact was attempted to each IP from 11 of my ports, for a total of 11 unique calls to each IP (66 total attempts).
The application would attempt IP1 from all ports. Then a while later tried IP2 from all ports, and so on.
Hope I've not made anything even more confusing.
Have a look here it might shed some light.
Found some more info it might be worth checking. Particularly the info on netstat. You can get a lot of info when you follow the steps.
According to IANA, some ports have been given names of the facility that is intended to use them, so port 2603 is expected to be used by servicemeter.
But other things can use it as well.
I came across this while searching for it myself as I discovered it in my wireshark trace on my computer.
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0.999991 |
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) represent a powerful tool for classical machine learning: a generator tries to create statistics for data that mimics those of a true data set, while a discriminator tries to discriminate between the true and fake data.
We introduce Strawberry Fields, an open-source quantum programming architecture for light-based quantum computers.
Boson sampling devices are a prime candidate for exhibiting quantum supremacy, yet their application for solving problems of practical interest is less well understood. Here we show that Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) can be used for dense subgraph identification.
Hard optimization problems are often approached by finding approximate solutions. Here, we highlight the concept of proportional sampling and discuss how it can be used to improve the performance of stochastic algorithms for optimization.
for quantum Hebbian learning through a batched version of quantum state exponentiation.
The basic idea of quantum computing is surprisingly similar to that of kernel methods in machine learning, namely to efficiently perform computations in an intractably large Hilbert space.
In this work, we decompose the time-evolution of the Bose-Hubbard model into a sequence of logic gates that can be implemented on a continuous-variable photonic quantum computer.
We introduce an efficient scheme to correct errors due to the finite squeezing effects in continuous-variable cluster states. Specifically, we consider the typical situation where the class of algorithms consists of input states that are known.
A famously hard graph problem with a broad range of applications is computing the number of perfect matchings, that is the number of unique and complete pairings of the vertices of a graph.
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0.94252 |
제2차 세계 대전 플러스 버전 입니다.
9월 1일, 2차 세계 대전이 시작되었습니다!
우리 게임에서는 이러한 어려운 시기를 겪어야 합니다. 게임에서 Dubno를위한 전투에서 시작하여 실제 전투에 기반한 많은 임무를 발견 할 수 있으며 베를린 점령으로 끝납니다!
독일의 전격전을 막아야 합니다. 스탈린 그라드 (Stalingrad) 거리와 쿠르스크 전투 (Battle of Kursk) 아레나에서 싸워보세요.
우리 게임의 핵심 기능은 2000년대 초 클래식 전략에서 처럼 실시간으로 군대를 통제 할 수 있는 능력입니다.
이 게임에는 전설적인 T-34 탱크를 시작으로 독일 무거운 탱크 호랑이로 끝나는 군용 장비 100 가지가 있습니다. 이 경우 각 단위마다 고유 한 특성이 있습니다.
우리의 WW2 RTS 게임에 대한 다음 업데이트에서 예상되는 바는 다음과 같습니다.
독일 캠페인: 덩케르크 전투, 바바 로사 작전, 로멜 군단, 토브룩 공격, 엘 알라 메인 전투, 영국 전투, 소비에트 러시아에서의 전격전!
대영 제국을 위한 캠페인: 영국 전투, D 데이, 프랑스 전투, 노르망디, 서유럽에서 벌지 전투 및 기타 전투!
탱크: T-26, T-34, KV 1, IS-1, Panther, Tiger, Stormier을 포함한 150 개 이상의 고유 단위. 포병: ZIS 3, 대공 총, 곡사포 및 유명한 Katyusha. 보병, 수류탄 발사기, 스나이퍼 등.
실제 사건을 바탕으로 한 100개 이상의 고유한 임무.
기술의 실시간 관리, 임무 통과를 위한 많은 시나리오.
전투 중에 지도에 있는 유닛 수는 매우 많습니다.
A key feature of our game is the ability to control troops in real time, as clubvaio in the classic strategies of the early 2000s.
Campaign for Germany: battle of dunkirk, operation barbarossa, romel corps, siege of Tobruk, battle of El Alamein, the battle for Britain, the blitzkrieg in Soviet Russia!
Campaign for the Great Britan: Battle of Britain, D Day, Battle for France, Normandy, Battle of the Bulge and other battles in Western Europe!
More than 150 unique units, including tanks: T-26, T-34, KV 1, IS-1, Panther, Tiger, Stormtigr. Artillery: ZIS 3, anti-aircraft guns, howitzers and the famous Katyusha. Infantrymen, grenade launchers, snipers and much more.
More than 100 unique missions based on real events.
Management of technology in real time, many scenarios for the passage of missions.
Huge number of units on the map during the battle.
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0.998374 |
Apple’s iPhone has long been one of the most popular smartphone franchises in the marketplace, and the latest flagship offerings, the iPhone 6 and 6+, are intended as the next evolution of the iconic device. Both the iPhone 6 and 6+ feature a larger screen, faster processor and other upgrades to the previous generation iPhone, making both excellent options for users looking for the latest iteration of the iOS experience. The iPhone 6 does have a few premium features to set it apart from the standard model, but are they enough to justify the differences in price tag?
The most obvious difference between the iPhone 6 and last generation’s iPhone 5 is the larger size, caused chiefly by the upgraded screen. The screen of the iPhone 6 brings 326 pixels per square inch to its 4.7 inch display to create a high-definition look while still making the phone slimmer than ever at a mere 6.9mm thick.
The iPhone 6 also features a faster processor and more bandwidth for 4GLTE support, creating more powerful voice and data connections in more areas. It also includes a new service, Apple Pay, standard to allow users to integrate their credit cards with their smartphone and make mobile payments with fingerprint verification for maximum security.
Another improved feature of the iPhone 6 is the camera, which has been made to function better in low light and has more accurate facial detection for self-portraits. Battery life is another beneficiary in this generation, delivering up to 10 consecutive hours of Internet time. As for the internal memory sizes, the iPhone 6 comes in a 16GB model, a 64 GB model and a 128GB version for high-capacity users.
Where the iPhone 6 is an improvement on its predecessor, the iPhone 6+ is intended as an even more ambitious statement about what a smartphone can be, introducing a 5.5inch display that makes the smartphone more like a small tablet. The iPhone 6 is obviously larger than the standard model because of its focus on the panoramic screen, which also makes the device slightly thicker than the iPhone 6. The display is also more powerful than that of the iPhone 6, showing 401 pixels per square inch for the ultimate in sharpness and clarity.
The iPhone 6+ camera benefits from an upgrade, featuring gyroscopic image stabilization along with the standard improvements from last generation. The larger size of the iPhone 6 is also due in part to the larger high capacity battery, which delivers 24 hours of talk time and 12 hours of Internet time on a full charge.
The iPhone 6 line is a clear step up from the previous incarnation, but the most dramatic improvements are made with the iPhone 6+, which gives users industry leading screen size, battery life and a range of other features distinguishing it as the finest device on the market. Those who choose the standard iPhone 6 will no doubt get a high-caliber device, but for those who want the most comprehensive version of the current iPhone experience, the 6+ is the only way to go.
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0.956253 |
A line graph, also known as a line chart, is a type of chart used to visualize the value of something over time. For example, a finance department may plot the change in the amount of cash the company has on hand over time.
The line graph consists of a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis. Most line graphs only deal with positive number values, so these axes typically intersect near the bottom of the y-axis and the left end of the x-axis. The point at which the axes intersect is always (0, 0). Each axis is labeled with a data type. For example, the x-axis could be days, weeks, quarters, or years, while the y-axis shows revenue in dollars.
Data points are plotted and connected by a line in a "dot-to-dot" fashion.
The x-axis is also called the independent axis because its values do not depend on anything. For example, time is always placed on the x-axis since it continues to move forward regardless of anything else. The y-axis is also called the dependent axis because its values depend on those of the x-axis: at this time, the company had this much money. The result is that the line of the graph always progresses in a horizontal fashion and each x value only has one y value (the company cannot have two amounts of money at the same time).
The line graph is a powerful visual tool for marketing, finance, and other areas. It is also useful in laboratory research, weather monitoring, or any other function involving a correlation between two numerical values. If two or more lines are on the chart, it can be used as a comparison between them.
Making a line graph is not too hard.
Create a table. Draw the x- and y-axes on the page. On the top of the page, place a title that briefly describes the purpose of the chart.
Label each axis. If time is one of the factors, it should go along the horizontal (x) axis. The other numeric values measured should be placed along the vertical (y) axis. Each axis should be labeled with the name of the numeric system as well as the measurements being used. For example, you may label the x axis with "Time (Days)", indicating that each number written on the axis is a number of days. Divide each axis evenly into applicable increments.
Add data. Data for a line graph is usually contained in a two-column table corresponding to the x- and y-axes. With SmartDraw you can also import data from Excel. Once you've added your data, your line graph will automatically reflect its values. If you want to call attention to any particular value, you can add a label with an arrow pointing to it.
Create a key. If you are comparing multiple items, you'll want to create a key that identifies what each line is by its color.
The best way to understand line graphs is to look at some examples of line graphs.
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0.953284 |
What are memes, demotivators and avengers happy birthday meme?
A avengers happy birthday meme reproduce and spread on social networks, like viruses. Particularly successful memes are becoming so popular that they are transmitted from user to user in a matter of seconds. In this regard, the avengers happy birthday meme can be compared, for example, with the popular jokes. After all, the main purpose of a meme, as well as a joke, is a laugh, or a last resort, a smile.
The content of memes and avengers happy birthday meme is closely connected with events in the country and the world, with the fashion and life of the vast majority of people on the planet. The popularity of the meme and the avengers happy birthday meme depends on how accurately its content will reveal the essence of the above-mentioned spheres of human activity. So in connection with the fashion for cats, today the largest number of likes are recruiting memes about these animals. When the national football team loses the next match, on the Internet, memes immediately scatter, ridiculing the failure of the players. For many years, memes on eternal themes remain popular: relations between representatives of different sexes, friendship, loneliness.
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0.9995 |
Jaddah Park Beach & Resort - Villa - Beach Front - .
Jeddah Park Beach & Resort - Families Only is located in Jeddah Park Beach, Dorrah Al Arouss, 49 km away from Jeddah. The nearest airport is King Abdulaziz International Airport, 35 km from the property. With its unique location, the resort own a wonderful design and a comfortable furniture. Jeddah Park Beach & Resort - Families offers room service. A private beach area is available on site. Free WiFi is available in all areas, and free private parking is possible on site to enjoy a comfortable stay.
When would you like to stay at Jaddah Park Beach & Resort?
The villa includes five bedroom, the first bedroom offers two single beds, the second bedroom offers one extra large double, and the third bedroom also offers one extra large double, the fourth bedroom offers two single beds, and the fifth bedroom offers one single bed, and this villa also offers refrigerator, seating area, washing machine, electric kettle, fully equipped kitchen with an oven, stovetop, and a fridge, dining area, dining table, and there is a private bathroom. It featuring a sea view and a lake view, and it is with an area of 400 square meters to enjoy a wonderful stay.
Jaddah Park Beach & Resort - Villa - Beach Front - Jaddah Park Beach & Resort - Villa - Beach Front - Jaddah Park Beach & Resort - Villa - Beach Front - .
Jeddah Park Beach & Resort - Families Only contains a convenient units, feature a simple decor, and fully equipped with all sort of services and amenities such as: wardrobe, air conditioning, telephone, flat screen TV with satellite channels, refrigerator, seating area, washing machine, electric kettle, and there is a private bathroom with a bath and a shower, and free toiletries in all units. Moreover, there is a fully equipped kitchen with an oven, stovetop, and a fridge. There is a seating and/or dining area in some units. The units have this type and size: Villa - Beach Front.
Jeddah Park Beach & Resort - Families Only includes an indoor swimming pool and there is a garden with a terrace to spend the best times ever.
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0.927404 |
(CNN) -- A Chinese official accused "Tibetan independence forces" Tuesday of planning suicide attacks, an allegation that the Tibetan government-in-exile immediately denied.
"To our knowledge the next plan of the Tibet Independence forces is to organize suicide squads to launch violent attacks," Wu Heping, spokesman for China's Ministry of Public Security, said at a news conference, according to a translation of his remarks by The Associated Press.
"They claim they fear neither bloodshed nor sacrifice," he said.
He did not provide details or evidence, and Samdhong Rinpoche, prime minister of Tibet's exiled government, dismissed the accusation.
"We never heard (of) Tibetan independence force, such a group or people. Now, our suspicion is that the PRC (People's Republic of China) might be staging such a violent act in the name of Tibetan people to mislead the world community," he said in Dharamsala, India.
Dharamsala is the center of the Tibetan community in India, where many Tibetans fled after a failed uprising against Chinese rule in 1959 and where the government-in-exile led by the Dalai Lama is based.
"It is our ... suspicion, otherwise there is no ground to claim that some Tibetan people or group is planning to (use) suicide bombers or something like that," the Tibetan prime minister said.
There was no immediate response from the Chinese government to Rinpoche's suspicion.
In the U.S. State Department briefing on Tuesday, department spokesman Tom Casey said the United States did not share China's concern that supporters of the Dalai Lama were plotting suicide attacks.
The Dalai Lama is a "man of peace, there is absolutely no indication that he wants to do anything other than have a dialogue with China to discuss how to deal with some of the serious issues there," Casey said.
Beijing blames the Dalai Lama and his followers for violence that erupted amid protests for Tibetan independence last month. China has drawn international criticism for its crackdown on the demonstrations, which began peacefully on the 49th anniversary of a failed Tibetan uprising.
The protests have threatened to throw a shadow on the Summer Olympic Games, being staged in Beijing in August.
Tibet's government-in-exile puts the death toll from the protests at about 140, but the Chinese government restrictions make it difficult to confirm that number. Chinese authorities have reported a death toll of 19, and say most of those killed were "innocent victims" -- Han Chinese targeted by Tibetans.
Also on Tuesday, China's official Xinhua news agency reported that the country's foreign ministry urged the Dalai Lama to "stop all separatist and sabotage activities if he really wants to contact and consult with the central government."
Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu spoke in response to a March 28 statement from Dalai Lama.
In that statement, the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists said he does not seek the separation of Tibet and has no desire to "sabotage" the Olympic Games.
"Chinese brothers and sisters, I assure you I have no desire to seek Tibet's separation. Nor do I have any wish to drive a wedge between the Tibetan and Chinese peoples," he wrote.
Instead, he said, the protesters seek "meaningful self-rule" while remaining a part of China. "Despite my repeated support for the Beijing Olympics, the Chinese authorities, with the intention of creating a rift between the Chinese people and myself, the Chinese authorities assert that I am trying to sabotage the games."
He called on China to called "to exercise wisdom and to initiate a meaningful dialogue with the Tibetan people."
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0.9661 |
Have you been trying to fit an exercise session around your busy schedule and failing miserably? Did you know you can exercise at any time of the day? While most people tout mornings as the best time to exercise, there are many times when you can choose to exercise each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
A lunchtime exercise is a great idea as you are alert and your muscles have already sufficiently warmed up such that the risk of injury is really low. It can be quite easy to form a regular habit of exercising during your lunch hour rather than carving out some free time away from your desk during the rest of the day. This is especially if you find your time in the morning being rather limited due to a commute and preparation and the evenings due to the same reasons not to mention trying to squeeze in some quality family time.
A workout in the middle of the day is also great at relieving stress and also making you sharper and more alert and therefore best suited in tackling your afternoon tasks. It is also a great way to ensure you eat a healthy lunch and look forward to a filling and healthy early dinner. It is also early enough not to interfere with your bedtime as a workout close to bedtime can keep you too alert and hence disrupt your sleeping patterns.
Working out in the afternoon boosts performance. Not only are afternoons exercisers more suited at complex exercises but also, they are more adept at nailing resistance training and reaping its benefits.
Due to the warmed up muscles, you will be less prone to injuries as your core body temperature is higher and your blood pressure lower making your reaction time quicker. The afternoon is therefore a great time to do speed and strength training workouts such as the high intensity interval training (HIIT).
Unfortunately, working out during your lunch hour can be time limiting and it is hard to get a full workout in and still have time to get lunch or relax before getting your groove back on for your afternoon duties.
According to a study at Appalachian State University, a morning workout is best for better quality sleep. If you want longer, deeper and more restful sleep, working out in the morning is your best bet. Rest is of vital importance to your physical and mental health. Better sleep has many benefits such as better cardio health, decreased anxiety and stress, easier maintenance of weight hence making it harder for your weight to fluctuate, lowered blood pressure and more quality time for your body to replenish, rejuvenate and repair itself.
Morning workouts also help reduce blood pressure both during the day and at night. It is easy to stick to your workout if it is the first thing you do in the morning, just try it out.
According to the study, people who work out in the morning usually have a day of increased physicals activity that builds on their activity-filled morning. They also reap the benefits of an increased metabolism where your body tends to burn calories better as you consume them during the day instead of burning them at night while you are asleep.
Another argument in support of morning workouts is that exercising on an empty stomach burns more fat according to studies. Besides, the next meals you have during your day are dedicated to muscle repair and recovery and used to build new muscle tissue hence reducing the chances for fat storage in the body as the nutrients are utilized effectively.
If you prefer working out at your local gym, the morning hours can be a great time to hit the gym as at this time, most gyms are less crowded and hence you can make use of the machine you want or join a class you want when there aren’t many people to compete for these amenities.
Since your blood pressure is at its highest during the morning hours, people with heart problems should exercise later in the day.
You should not do a high intensity workout in the morning as you do not have the energy from at least two prior meals and you are exercising on an empty stomach.
Morning workouts require more time to warm up when compared to evening or lunchtime workouts.
Think of an evening jog or a stroll as you enjoy the last rays of sunshine. It sounds nice doesn’t it? Evening workouts are the most popular not only because the evening is free from work. After dealing with the daily stresses you can leave work or school feeling stressed and with no energy to dedicate to a hobby, second job, dinner preparation or any other form of unwinding. An evening workout changes that by uplifting your mood, relieving your stress and reenergizing you allowing you to be able to tackle the rest of your free time before you retire for the night.
According to research studies, the evening is also the best time to exercise when your goal is to gain strength and build muscle mass. It is a great time to do resistance training because your muscles are warmer. The evening also helps in ensuring you regulate the amount of calories that you consume for dinner.
Evening workouts are also great in terms of accountability. Not only is it easier to find a friend or colleague to exercise with but also, it is easier to find a personal trainer to help you through your sessions than one who is available in the early morning. In addition, most gyms offer a wider variety of classes in the evening than during the morning hours allowing you to try more diverse exercises if you go to the gym after work.
There is a catch however for working out in the evening can disrupt your sleep especially if you do it so close to your bedtime. The recommended time should be at least two to three hours before bedtime to avoid increasing your hormone activity and raising your body temperature in a way that interferes with your sleep.
Unprecedented events can also interfere with your planned workout interrupting your consistency.
While different times of the day offer different advantages with regard to the type of exercise, how fast you can attain various specific goals and risk of injury, the best time to exercise is now. Start exercising now if you want to take up exercise as a habit. Never say you will start tomorrow or after you sign up for a gym membership as this is just procrastinating and can waste valuable time that you could instead be using to get in shape. However if you are already into the habit of exercising and wondering which time of the day is most suitable for you, then you should go with your gut and fitness goals.
If interested in strength training, the afternoon or evening is the best time as it is when your body is at its peak strength and pain tolerance which allows you to lift harder. If instead you would like to burn fat then a morning workout is your best bet. You may also find that being fatigued from a long day at work and coming home to family commitments in the evening can lead to your abandoning your evening or afternoon workout or skipping sessions and training less hard. In this case, switching to a morning workout routine will be better for you as it eliminates the expectation you have of yourself to train in the evening and the guilt or disappointment you can feel whenever you skip sessions or train halfheartedly.
The importance of exercising consistently in the long run trumps the importance of exercising at a certain time of the day. It is not the time of the day that matters most but rather, it is the consistency. Any time you can schedule a workout session into your day is the best suited time for you. Whether it is the morning, afternoon or evening, as long as you are regularly exercising, your health will improve greatly.
So, are you ready to give it a try?
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0.998401 |
Music movies represent an important part of the music trade. Some music labels are ” impartial ,” whereas others are subsidiaries of larger corporate entities or worldwide media groups In the 2000s, the growing recognition of listening to music as digital music files on MP3 gamers , iPods, or computers, and of buying and selling music on file sharing websites or shopping for it online in the form of digital files had a significant impact on the traditional music enterprise.
It consists of songwriters and composers who create new songs and musical items, music producers and sound engineers who document songs and pieces, record labels and publishers that distribute recorded music merchandise and sheet music internationally and that usually management the rights to these merchandise.
Women have performed a serious position in music all through historical past, as composers , songwriters , instrumental performers , singers , conductors , music scholars , music educators , music critics / music journalists and other musical professions.
In Europe and North America, there may be usually a divide between what varieties of music are viewed as a ” high tradition ” and ” low culture” “Excessive culture” forms of music usually embrace Western art music similar to Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and modern-period symphonies, concertos, and solo works, and are usually heard in formal live shows in concert halls and church buildings, with the audience sitting quietly in seats.
On the university degree, students in most arts and humanities packages can receive credit score for taking a number of music programs, which typically take the form of an summary course on the history of music , or a music appreciation course that focuses on listening to music and studying about completely different musical types.
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0.964305 |
What is crest factor?
The crest factor refers to the ratio of the peak value of the waveform to the effective value (RMS) in an AC circuit. Under the condition that the transmission power is constant, as the peak value increases, the effective value (RMS) also increases. Therefore, the power consumption also increases. The crest factor is sometimes used to account for the stress of the current in the AC power line.
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0.998994 |
You see a Twitter or Instagram post by a celebrity mentioning a popular beauty product, but is it paid? A star athlete on Facebook talks about recovering post-game with a favorite sports drink, but there are no hashtags; so, is it a promotion? Federal Trade Commission (FTC) endorsement is on the rise following debacles like the 2017 Fyre Festival and influencers touting everything from vodka, to cryptocurrency, to stealthy business schemes. Influencer marketing can generate more than twice the sales of paid advertising; making the allure of engaging influencers and the potential for harm to consumers a formula for social media influencers and companies to get in #trouble.
This program will provide best practices for counseling brand or social media influencer clients to disclose paid promotions, discounts, coupons, sweepstakes, affiliate links, free products or anything of value in exchange for a review, post, or endorsement.
How digital media platforms are making it easier to comply with the FTC's Endorsement Guides, and how circumventing the guidelines harms everyone.
Best practices for corporate compliance programs monitoring influencer disclosures, adherence to brand guidelines, and uses of copyrights, trademarks, public images, etc.
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0.99999 |
Danny Boyle had never been to India before shooting "Slumdog Millionaire"
Boyle on shooting in Mumbai: "It's pretty mad. Everything is extreme."
LONDON, England (CNN) -- It was the stench. That was what really hit Danny Boyle the first time he went into a slum in India.
In "Slumdog" a poor man wins a place on India's version of "Who wants to be a Millionaire?"
"There's this smell you get first of all," recalls the British director. "This incredible mixture of our excrement -- it belongs to all of us -- and then saffron. It's just this mixture of sweet and sour."
Boyle's experiences shooting in the teeming, chaotic port city of Mumbai could also be described as sweet and sour.
The director, who is renown for films like "Trainspotting" and "28 Days Later," had never even been to India before he and his crew traveled there to make the critically acclaimed Oscar contender "Slumdog Millionaire."
"It's pretty mad," admits Boyle. "Everything is extreme. It's too hot, the tea is too sweet; everything is kind of too much." But, he adds: "That's wonderful for drama, absolutely wonderful."
He and his crew threw themselves into shooting their drama in the streets and landmarks of India's "city of dreams" using passers-by as extras. They also shot in the Dharavi -- Asia's largest slum -- and Juhu slum which can be seen from the city's airport.
"Slumdog" is a classic rags-to-riches story about a young boy from the slums, Jamal Malik (played by British actor Dev Patel), who beats millions of other Indians to bag a coveted place on the country's version of TV game show "Who Wants to be a Millionaire?"
Through the timely story of the young "slumdog," Boyle illuminates the contradictions of present day India -- the nuclear power that does not provide public sanitation for its population -- and Mumbai was the ideal city in which to do it.
"Mumbai is a city of extremes," Boyle explains, "Life is raw. It's incredibly powerful and rich because their economy is expanding, the richest men in the world are there ... but then there is also this enormous poverty as well." Do you think Danny Boyle has captured India in "Slumdog Millionaire"? Tell us below in the SoundOff box.
Boyle's film shows these extremes with great realism. He takes the audience from the cheerfully money-grubbing micro-commerce of the slums where young boys charge slum dwellers to use filthy latrines, to Jamal's job as a "chaiwallah" (tea boy) in one of India's much-publicized call centers, and later, to the Indian game show phenomenon, "Kaun Banega Crorepati."
Boyle achieved this realism by immersing himself, his crew and actors in the Mumbai sprawl, and shooting as much as possible in real locations.
"I wanted to feel really involved in the city. I didn't want to be looking at it, examining it. I wanted to be thrown into the chaos as much as possible.
"There's a period of time between about 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. where it all stops and just the dogs move around, but other than that, the place is just a tide of humanity."
With limited time in India, Boyle made the decision to travel to the places he intended to shoot and film the cast's rehearsals there. This was something the film's star, Patel, found challenging at first.
"It's daunting at first doing these scenes outdoors with loads of people watching, but they just warm to it and everybody is, like, laughing and they start clapping at the end of the scenes," Patel laughs.
His co-star Frieda Pinto, who plays love interest Latika, was born and brought up in Mumbai and knows the city well. Watch Dev Patel and Frieda Pinto talking about the making of "Slumdog Millionaire."
"You can't stop the bystanders in Bombay," she explains, "It is something that you attract anyway, especially if you have a camera out there and a foreign crew and a song and dance.
"You are definitely going to attract a huge crowd and you can't do anything about it. The only thing you can do is enjoy it."
For Boyle and the crew, on the other side of the camera, the energy and chaos was a pretty intense experience.
"You just don't have any control in India," he explains. "If you seek it, it will drive you insane. You've got to go with it really and just see what happens."
But they did have some tricks up their collective sleeve. Boyle and veteran cinematographer Anthony Dod Mantle shot crowd scenes, like the chase through Juhu slum at the beginning of the film, using the people who happened to be passing by on the street for added realism.
They wanted to draw as little attention to themselves as possible to keep the crowds looking natural.
To achieve this feeling of being right in the middle of everything without disturbing the local communities too much, they used a variety of small digital cameras and digital stills camera.
"[We used] a Canon stills camera, which takes 12 frames per second. If people see a stills camera, they don't think it's recording live action," he explains.
For Boyle, who believes his first film, "Shallow Grave" (1995) is still his best, because "you haven't a clue what you are doing" and "you haven't learnt the tricks yet," he says, shooting in Mumbai was a way of recapturing that early originality.
"You arrive and you feel a bit vulnerable and naked again, and that's a really good thing, because you are not tempted to just step in your own footsteps all the time."
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0.999992 |
I live in a neighborhood called Barboncitos. It is in Miraflores, which is a nice district in Lima, Peru. Living here has both good and bad things.
The best thing about my neighborhood is it is very convenient. For example, there is both a supermarket and a market in the area. This is good when I run some of my errands like going grocery shopping because when groceries get too expensive in the supermarket, I can go to the market nearby and find really good prices. And if I need to go out to pay bills, mail a package, or go downtown, there is a lot of public transportation available. For instance, a block away from home, there is a bus station. If you want to go north or south in the city, you can catch a bus there every five minutes. If you are running late, you can take a taxi pretty easily. My neighborhood also has a park where my mother walks Kissy, our dog. The park is not really big, but it has a lot of trees, and free WiFi! It is a place where you can relax, especially at night, and even work online.
On the other hand, Barboncitos has a very serious problem. There is too much traffic at rush hour. This happens because there is a bridge that crosses the highway in the area. People get stuck in traffic there for a very long time, both in the morning at around 9:00 and in the evening after 6:00; and when they do, there is a lot of noise and pollution. This happens because many people in my city have really long commutes. It takes them more than an hour to go to work or study. Since Barboncitos is in the middle of the city, a lot of buses pass through my neighborhood, so it gets very busy and noisy at rush hour.
Finally, it is true that my neighborhood has things that I do not like. However, it is a good place where to live because it is very convenient.
¿Qué se puede comentar del modelo?
The best thing about my neighborhood is it is very convenient.
When groceries get too expensive in the supermarket, I can go to the market nearby and find really good prices.
If you are running late, you can take a taxi pretty easily.
The park is not really big, but it has a lot of trees, and free WiFi!
On the other hand, Barboncitos has a very serious problem.
There is too much traffic at rush hour.
People get stuck in traffic there for a very long time.
Many people in my city have really long commutes.
It gets very busy and noisy at rush hour.
It is a good place where to live because it is very convenient.
For instance, a block away from home, there is a bus station. / Por ejemplo, a una cuadra de mi casa, hay una estación de buses.
If you are running late, you can take a taxi pretty easily. / Si se te está haciendo tarde, tú puedes tomar un taxi con bastante facilidad (fácilmente).
People get stuck in traffic there for a very long time. / La gente se queda atorada en el tráfico allí por un largo rato.
This happens because many people in my city have really long commutes. / Esto pasa porque muchas personas en mi ciudad hacen viajes bien largos.
It takes them more than an hour to go to work or study. / Les toma más de una hora ir a trabajar o estudiar.
Since Barboncitos is in the middle of the city, a lot of buses pass through my neighborhood. / Debido a que Barboncitos está en la mitad de la ciudad, muchos buses cruzan mi vecindario.
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0.961919 |
Explain in the exact first sentence of this individual anatomy of the correspondence why you’re producing it. Just as crucial as things you need to include in the cover letter are the things which should never be about your cover letter. Making certain it is specific to the market and also standing is vital. The resume cover letter must not merely look professional, it also should be readily readable. Your resume cover letter ought to demonstrate you are aware of what the task calls for and also what the business is currently hunting for. You ought to become effective at composing letters. Thus the correspondence is like any proper small business letter. Sooner or later, bear in your mind your resume cover letter may be a great tool to help you have the proper business advisor occupation. Sometimes you might be asked to send your cover letter as a message as an alternative to distinct document. All letters ought to function as business letter arrangement also you also ought to be about three paragraphs. Basically, the employment cover letter is your own advertisement collateral. A strong cover letter has the capability to produce your program stand out by the crowd. Finding out more of a company is just another excellent means to work the way to tailor your cover letter. The pay letter, even for one, is actually a excellent evidence of the simple fact which he would like a certain job. You may have the capacity to adapt one pay letter to fit several similar tasks, however, also you ought to aim to write different letters for tasks in various areas or various businesses. When it could look tedious, you always will need to personalize each letter to match with the particular job for which you’re employing. Furthermore, protect letters complement the restart, and so they’re either attached to one another. You possess your own cover correspondence. Protect letters typically comprise information regarding some body, the job connection with someone, the work , and the livelihood aims of somebody else. A resume cover letter is some thing you send with your own resume, to an aide, outlining the reason you imagine you are the perfect man to take up the occupation which the business is offering. As an example, it is a good place to chat of a livelihood change or to spell out a long gap in employment. It’s a brief debut, maybe not the whole history and thus don’t try to cover it all. The exact way it can force you to seem well-qualified for one position, it can force you to appear to be overqualified to get the next. It is basically a brief summary of one’s skills and experience. It should prove to the reader you have read the job ad carefully and which you’re truly interested in that special job. Firstly, it really is really a less formal type of correspondence writing compared to the traditional cover letter. Your correspondence should incorporate an succinct summary that fits with your own skills and experiences into this project description. Your cover letter needs to be typed professionally. It’s an opportunity for you to tell your likely employers explicitly how your experiences and skills match up to the job you’re applying forand a opportunity to spell out any strange background you might have. The most efficient cover letters are lent to each and every possible employer for optimum results.
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0.958973 |
The mission: Take a mini vacation to NYC with my wife for the weekend. Go see Jersey Boys on Broadway and take in the sights.
The result: Got to see United Airlines at their worst and no vacation.
Flight was supposed to leave at 2:55pm on Friday Mar 1. Knowing how airports work, the rule is try to be there 90 minutes before. We did our best to get there with time to spare, but arrived an hour before. While driving to the airport we learned that it was delayed and now leaving at 3:45. At check-in we were met by someone who was likely on her first day and learning the system. No problem.. we all have to start somewhere. Where our journey with United starts is here, as the supervisor who was obviously having a long day started on me about not being there on time and her attitude was showing but I brushed it off because we've all had a bad day. There was confusion at check-in about what time the flight was closing and nobody seemed to know (incuding the supervisor) but again, I'm about to start vacation so no big deal.
After going through security and waiting for our flight, we learned it's now been delayed until 4:30 with some confusion on where the flight is and what's wrong with it. I approached the gate to inquire more, but was met by an agent who was clearly frustrated (I'll call her Miss United, cause there was no name tag) and given the amount of connection flights she was now try to re-book I went back to my seat. The flight has now been delayed again and the last update was another delay, now leaving Ottawa at 6:30pm.
By this point, it's a frustrating situation but it's part of air travel. That's fine.. it's how you treat your customers is where this story prompted me to tweet at United and when my patience started to run thin. As we start boarding the plane, Miss United calls us back. She's not sure why and no information is given. There's already about 15 passengers on the plane and she tells us the flight has been cancelled (but no reason) and intructs everyone to follow another agent down through security to claim our baggage. Miss United and the other agents didn't know how to get back to security and led us down hallways and there wasn't any real plan in place.
I'd hate to see what would have happened in a real emergency..
Now waiting by the carousel to get our bags for our cancelled flight (still no reason given) and Miss United is doing her best to answer questions from tired and confused travellers. One lady asks where to get her luggage and that's when Miss United snapped at her. "Maam, did you not hear me say it four times?. That's when I opened up with "Dial it back a little please. We're all tired, and since nobody seems to know what they're doing you could be a little more professional with your passengers". Well Miss United didn't like that "sir I've had to re-schedule 3 flights today, I don't have time for this" and she walks away throwing her hands in the air.
Now waiting for our luggage and an employee of YOW (Ottawa International Airport) comes over and says "apparently the flight is a go and you have to go back upstairs and get checked in again". He was nice and professional. (Young, tall kid... didn't get a chance to get his name).
Back at check-in and being told by United to hurry up because the plane is going to take off soon. Back through security and rushing through the gate, Miss United is there again. She's had a long day and rushing us back on the plane. Once on the plane the flight attendant says "I've been working since 5am so hurry folks, find your seat so we can quickly take off". It's now about 7pm and about 10 minutes into sitting on the tarmac the pilot comes on to tell us that the plane must be de-iced and shouldn't take more than 20 minutes.
Now here's the part that really pissed everyone off. While waiting I was listening to the flight attendant (flight #4439) answer questions from passengers and one answer stood out. "Look, I'm just a little employee and they won't listen to my suggestions. It's up to you to go online and voice your concerns or complaints because passengers are money and once they see no money then they (United) will listen". Its now 8pm and the plane has been de-iced and ready to go.
"Due to FAA regulations I've worked a 16 hour day and not legally allowed to fly, so we're sorry but the flight is cancelled tonight. You may call our 1-800 number, visit our website and get re-booked at the check in but I can't fly...sorry".
Now remember, this flight was supposed to leave at 6:30... not 8pm. The lack of compassion, professionalism and courtesy I witnessed wonders why anyone would fly United again. I've heard similar stories from other airlines and have friends who work in the industry, but you have to treat passengers with respect and not like cattle.
I tried to send a copy of this to United on their website, but the comment section only allows for 2500 characters. I will call them on Monday morning and request an email where I can send this.
UPDATE: March 4 - Well there is power in social media and I heard from United today and it wasn't the standard "we're sorry letter". Fingers crossed all will be worked out. They were not happy to hear what happened and are looking into it. Hopefully that means improved customer service in the future.
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0.999999 |
Imagine we are in Germany in the 1930s. The political far right is getting stronger because people are angry about the depression (unemployment) and the unfair treaty of Versailles. In their search for scapegoats, they find "the Jews", who as a group was no more responsible for either problem than any other group (such as for example "the Christians"). The popularity and rise to power of the Nazis is being driven by nationalism and antisemitism - both clearly irrational. The process will end with the Holocaust.
Switch to modern Europe. Far-right political parties are again getting steadily stronger, and the main reason is again that people are angry about their economic situation - unemployment, or the feeling of working hard for no return. The main cause of this economic problem is evidently the rising gap between rich and poor, which in turn is a consequence of neoliberalism, globalisation, and technology. Again, people are searching for scapegoats and finding them in the form of innocent minority groups (immigrants, muslims, asylum seekers). Riding on a wave of xenophobia, the popularitiy of the far right is slowly but surely increasing.
The Holocaust really happened, and it can happen again. Here is a possible scenario: In coming decades, global warming will produce hundreds of millions of refugees, who will try to enter the rich countries. In their mortal desperation, they resort to violent means. The rich countries, ruled by the far right, will see no alternative but to kill them. This is one way in which the Holocaust can happen again, and there are others. What they have in common is a gradual increase in xenophobia, leading to a gradual increase in willingness to tolerate violence as a "solution" to the "problem". The process has already begun: many people already do not seem to care about hundreds of refugees drowning in the Mediterranean.
In every country with a rising far-right party, there is a strong left-wing backlash. Thousands of people who care about their children, their country, and their world, are devoting their lives to stop xenophobia and racism. In countless public events, the public is educated about the benefits of intercultural openness and the dangers of the opposite.
We have made a lot of progress in this direction, but the progress of the far right is generally faster. That is because the far right takes advantage of human nature. We know about human nature from the academic discipline of evolutionary psychology. Researchers have demonstrated that it is human nature to try to identify "free riders" who are taking from society more than they are giving; to identify them on the basis of unreliable sources of information (e.g. gossip); and to admire and support strong leaders even if they are obviously corrupt. Far-right politicians know instinctively how to take advantage of these unfortunately aspects of our nature. They set themselves up as authorities and explain to people that specific minority groups are the cause of their problems. People tend to believe them, even if those politicians evidently have no qualification to make such judgments.
There are many such qualified people, of course. They explain that the politicians are wrong and for example that the ultimate cause of economic problems is the widening gap between rich and poor, including the failure of the rich to pay their fair share of income tax. People listen to these explanations and seem to understand, then go back to their old instinctive response, which is to put their faith in rich or powerful leaders, and identify and reject powerless "free riders". The average far-right voter is aware of the sins of the rich, but does not take them seriously. Instead, they admire the rich for their ability to beat the system. If someone suggests that tax evasion is the ultimate source of our economic problems, given that a large proportion of all money in the world is parked in tax havens, people quietly understand and agree - but being mere human beings, they return in the direction of familiar, irrational, instinctive, nationalist-xenophobic obsequiousness.
And when people find themselves in the voting booth, they vote for the far right, even if they know it is wrong, and even though when asked during a telephone poll who they would vote for they gave a quite different answer. Like naughty children, they know that we have secret voting, so no-one will find out whom they voted for. At least as long as there is no dictatorship.
A Martian observing this situation from afar would have noticed long ago that humanity is on the road toward another Holocaust. The signs are clear. The probability that the humanity's worst-ever crime will be repeated in some way is gradually rising, as public displays of xenophobia and racism become more familiar, and hence more accepted. Clearly, those humans need a strategy to stop this development before it is too late. Clearly, public education is not enough.
The solution that I would like to propose is a ban on xenophobic advertising. By xenophobic advertising I mean any kind of advertising that is likely to increase the incidence or intensity of xenophobia among the general population (examples). I especially mean advertising whose intention is to promote xenophobia.
The political far right has been using xenophobic advertising for decades to woo voters, and time and again political commentators have observed that their strategy was successful. Clearly, that has to stop. But a ban on xenophobic advertising should be more general than that. It should apply to any xenophobic advertising for any purpose, whether political or not. Within the category of political advertising, such a ban would apply to all political parties equally. If the far right wanted to accuse another party of xenophobic advertising and take them to court, they would be free to do so.
The immediate objection, that one hears time and again, is that it is not possible to decide whether a particular piece of advertising is xenophobic. The question is too subjective, so the argument goes, so how can a judge make a decision? The truth is that judges in courts of law are constantly making subjective decisions. I am no expert on this topic, but I do know that very time a judge tries to interpret a legal text when addressing a new case, the final decision has an important subjective element. Judges try to reduce that subjectivity by asking experts for their opinion and by consulting previous similar cases (precedents), but the subjectivity can never be eliminated. In this regard, a ban on xenophobic advertising would be no different from any other law.
When considering a specific piece of advertising and asking whether it is xenophobic or not, the important question is whether it might increase the rate or intensity of xenophobia among the general population. This question can be answered in two ways. One is to ask experts on xenophobia from both academic and practice. Academia includes humanities (history, cultural studies, ethnology) and sciences (psychology, sociology). Practice includes NGOs and governmental organisations. The other way is to ask people who might in the future become victims of that xenophobia. A judge striving for an objective decision would gather information from such sources and also consider precedents by comparing the results of similar court cases.
A related question is whether those who are financing or promoting the advertisement might benefit from a corresponding increase in xenophobia. In the case of far-right parties, the answer is usually yes: the number of people voting for the far right tends to rise when the public becomes more afraid of foreigners (e.g. following a terrorist attack, or an immigration crisis). In such cases, a court of law may be able to establish a motive for using advertising to increase xenophobia, which in turn might justify a ban that particular advertisement.
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0.999143 |
Google trends is a tool that analyzes Google web searches and that can visualize search trends over time using so called "search-volume graphs". These graphs usually provide a good mechanism to compare the popularity of two or more products.
That said, you can see that Joomla is more popular than Drupal, and that Joomla has been growing a lot faster. Why? The general consensus is that Joomla has a more appealing balance between functionality, flexibility, performance, quality of code, ease of use, documentation, user interface design, support and product marketing.
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0.916817 |
How about making a profit while protecting the environment? Electric cars, passive houses, cleaner fuels, items from recyclable materials and a number of other solutions are continuing to gain more acceptance and success in playing their role of cutting down greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although there are many companies out there whose business models indirectly save the environment from GHG emissions or offer sustainable solutions, there are others whose products and services are directly addressing an environmental issue. Recycling, renewable energy, reusing and even using innovative ideas to leverage the internet of things are examples of such products and services.
Some entrepreneurs recycle different materials for a high amount of money. Others use waste to produce energy for electricity. Some make mobile apps that help us save the environment directly or indirectly. Other more conventional ways are simply turning the solar heat or wind into energy. All these pro-environment ways protect the environment from a number of things; reduced GHG emissions earned by not expending a lot of energy in extracting, transporting and manufacturing new resources to produce the items. This also means a stop to continuous depletion of new natural resources. Diversion of wastes from landfills is a big merit considering less land will be lost to a pile of rubbish.
This post discusses two popular profitable solutions that help protect the environment. I hope they will inspire to venture on such ideas with your friends, family, company or business associates.
At the top of the perk and most popular is a recycling business. Papers, plastics, metals and glasses are some of the most popular items being recycled. Electronic waste (printer cartridges, computers, etc.) recycling is also on the rise in a number of cities across the world. For the environment in Nigeria, there are enormous quantities of PET bottles that get used and thrown to the landfills, unfortunately denying the opportunity to use those sites for more productive purposes. Cities where recycling is promoted normally have a proper waste management system in place, where each type of waste, be it perishable, paper, plastic, glass or metal, are collected separately. This makes it a lot easier for waste haulers to collect each waste and pass it to the respective recycling facilities.
Manufacturers of plastic bottles in some developed countries often put the price value of returning a used bottle, as a part of a law referred to as Container Deposit Legislation. Depending on the size, they come in different values, with the most common price being 0.25 euros in Germany. Special places are kept in the supermarkets where people can return the bottle and get the price written on the bottle. This strategy motivates people to gather used PET bottles for a period of time and return them to get some cash back. This idea, therefore, shows that recycling is not only left for individuals or recycling companies to start something, but also PET bottles manufacturing company and supermarkets can start their own businesses of collecting used bottles, enabling and helping them save energy in producing bottles from virgin materials and costing cheaper as well.
Our living ways are continuously increasing waste, meaning more disposal effort will have to be put in place. One good way of doing this is to transform it to energy. Converting waste to energy (popularly referred to with the acronym WtE or EfW (energy from waste)) is a good alternative for power generation. The simple convention is that the process tries to compress waste by turning it into heat or electricity, using thermal and non-thermal technologies. There are many ways this is possible; incineration, depolymerization, anaerobic digestion and a lot others. WtE is an emerging solution, gathering momentum even at small scales. An example of a big company working on WtE is Covanta, a company based in the United States with over 50 facilities across the globe, working with companies and communities to ensure no waste goes to waste.
A multitude of other ways, people and companies are utilizing to ensure that waste does not end up as rubbish, harming our environment and denying us other vital uses of other resources. What direct or indirect way are you using in protecting the environment at your business? I would love to hear more.
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Cookies in a jar recipe are a delicious, versatile, and inexpensive gift idea. They are quick to prepare, and you can make large batches to prepare several gifts at the same time. So if you are short on time, look no further than these layered recipes!
One of the most guaranteed-to-please cookie recipes in a jar! Its certainly a real winner with my family. Make sure you cook a batch up for yourself too. They are nice and crunchy at the edges, and soft in the middle - yum!
To fill 1 quart (1 L) jar. Makes approx 3 dozen cookies.
Variations: Reduce the quantity of chocolate chips by half, and add 3/4 cup (roughly 120g) of chopped walnuts, macadamias, or hazelnuts.
Mix together flour, baking soda, salt, and white sugar (I'll call this the flour mix).
Add ingredients to your jar in the following order: flour mix, brown sugar, flour mix, chocolate chips. Gently tap down your jar after the addition of each layer to flatten the layer out.
Decorate your jar with a scrap of fabric (you can trace a circle of fabric out neatly by using an upturned breakfast bowl), a pretty ribbon, and attach the instructions below.
Storage: so long as the jar is air-tight, the cookie mix will last as long as any of the individual ingredients (just look on the packaging), which is normally a couple of months.
Put these instructions on the jar or in the accompanying card.
You could write out the instructions on a nice gift card, or print out my printable label , pictured below.
Empty jar contents into a large bowl and mix ingredients together.
In a separate bowl, beat together ⅔ cup (150g) butter (softened at room temperature), one egg, and 1 tsp (5 mL) vanilla essence, until creamy.
Combine with dry ingredients and mix together thoroughly.
Shape heaped teaspoons of dough into small balls. Place on a parchment-lined tray 2 inches (5 cm) apart.
Bake at 350 °F (180 °C) for 8-10 minutes, or until edges are lightly browned. Cool for 5 or so minutes on the cookie tray, then move the cookies to a rack to finish cooling.
Or check out my full list of recipes. Yum!
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Book Toss-Up is an occasional feature in which two of us each choose a book that we've read and swap the selections to see what the other person thinks of the book recommendation that has been given to her.
Lee's Thoughts on This Book: Infinity mixes paranormal with a bit of mythology and lots of humor, thanks primarily to the snarky commentary provided by its teenage protagonist, Nick Gautier. I loved Nick's narration; he just says whatever is on his mind. There were also some really cool characters, such as Nick's zombie-hunting pals, Bubba and Mark, and barbecue-sauce-loving demon Simi.
Why I Wanted Ally to Read This: Like me, Ally's a big fan of sarcastic male characters, so I thought that she'd really appreciate Nick's wit. She also loves anything to do with zombies, and you've got zombies in this book. Ally is a mythology buff, too; I figured that she'd go for the mythological element in Infinity.
Ally Says: My reading parabatai did not fail me! I enjoyed Infinity a great deal, and that was mainly due to the characters. I loved how the whole zombie apocalypse thing was the center of the story. There is something huge going on, and I won't stop reading until I figure every last thing out!
Ally's Thoughts on This Book: The Lightning Thief was my first introduction to mythology in a work of fiction, and I absolutely adored it! I was already quite fond of Greek legends and had a little fangirl moment when I learned about Rick Riordan's books. The characters are just amazing, and I love how the old myths are polished to have a more modern theme.
Why I Wanted Lee to Read This: I knew Lee was going to love this book. You kind of just know things when you have cousin telepathy. The book had three factors that would draw Lee in: 1) the NYC setting- we native New Yorkers are very proud people, 2) mythology- which everyone finds fascinating, and 3) the dry sarcasm that erupts from the book like a fountain. Plus, I like gushing about books with people, and I needed my reading parabatai on board.
Lee Says: Once again, Ally's cousin telepathy was spot-on. I couldn't help but squee a little when The Lightning Thief began with Percy going on a class trip to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. I absolutely loved how Mount Olympus was located in the Empire State Building. Percy is an awesome hero, and I can't wait to continue reading about his adventures.
I love mythology, and I still haven't read the 'Lightning Thief' books! I need to fix that, and pronto. 'Infinity' sounds really good, too. I love reading sarcasm in books (it's my native language).
It's our native language, too. :) The books that we love the most tend to have the snarkiest characters in them. The Lightning Thief was awesome! It took me forever to get around to reading it, and now I'm hooked on the series!
This is a wonderful review exercise guys! Glad you two liked both book, I love Nick and Lee, I suggest you read Dark-Hunters on the side. I can't recommend it to your cousins yet because it's PNR and some scenes are not suitable for them. But really, read DH, you'll see how Nick morphs into Ambrose and it's heartbreaking. I hope Acheron can save him in the end.
I've actually read the first DH book- loved it! I've got to get caught up with the series, although I'm kind of dreading reading about Nick turning into Ambrose.
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This spectral data base includes several types of artificial lighting: public, domestic and light therapy. It contains data such as : Lamp Spectral Power Distribution (see data sheet), amount of blue in the spectrum of the lamp (%Blue), the correlated color temperature (CCT), the lumens / watt (Lum / W) and 3 new indices to characterize lamp spectrum : Melatonin Suppression Index (MSI), Star Light index (SLI) and Induced photosynthesis Index (IPI).
Where do the indices come from?
MSI, IPI & SLI indices were defined in a paper by Martin Aubé, Johanne Roby and Miroslav Kocifaj in 2013. To learn more about these indices, have a look at the article.
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3) April 2015 SIMPLYSTATED action is a computationally intensive exercise. One of the simplifications Simon describes is “satisficing,” more modestly requiring only that the benefit exceed some threshold. Thanks to Kahneman, Smith, Lo, and many others, our understanding of the ways investors think and markets function is richer and more sensible than it was when the best minds of the time constructed the standard investment model. But these theoretical advances still don’t solve the active investor’s conundrum: when to buy and sell in strongly trending markets. Blue Sky Solutions So, where will the solution come from? Let’s think blue sky. Among the unfettered solutions that come to mind, one approach might be modeling the actions and reactions of distinct groups (Lo’s “species”) whose members generally employ specifiable decision rules, but are subject to social influences and cognitive biases. Alternately, the industry might train its immense technological firepower on the markets themselves in a search for deep structures or path-dependent vectors that signal a change in direction: technical analysis with Cray supercomputers. In either case, the analytical techniques that ultimately crack the code of market timing may originate in fields far removed from finance and economics—information theory, for example, or the study of complex networks. Recall that “Brownian Motion in the Stock Market,” an article written by the physicist M.F.M. Osborne (1959) and published in a nonfinancial journal, contributed to Endnotes 1. According to the SPIVA Scorecard compiled by S&P Dow Jones Indices, for periods ended December 31, 2014, 76.25% of actively managed U.S. large-cap equity funds underperformed the S&P 500 for 3 years, 88.65% for 5 years, and 82.07% for 10 years. 2. For an approach to performance attribution analysis that isolates the impact of tactical asset allocation in factor investing (i.e., timing the cyclicality of risk premiums), see Hsu, Kalesnik, and Myers (2010) and Hsu and Shakernia (2013). 3. Cornell and Hsu (2015) hold that the investment professionals to whom end investors delegate decisionmaking authority use DCF analysis so prevalently that their discount models are likely both to drive prices and to determine the cross-section of expected returns. © Research Affiliates, LLC the random walk theory of prices (Bernstein 2005, p. 103, and Fox, 2009, pp. 64–67). And Back to Earth The stock market’s turning points, as well as the valuation peaks and troughs of individual stocks, increasingly appear to be driven more by mass psychology than by sober professional judgment based on disciplined valuation techniques. In fact, the active investor’s conundrum is such a challenge that many investors have chosen passive investing—simply removing timing decisions from their purview. But there is strong evidence that the popularity of passive investing tied to prominent cap-weighted indices is actually associated with higher return correlations among stocks and, therefore, higher systematic equity market risk (Sullivan and Xiong, 2012). At this juncture, we must acknowledge that financial theory does not provide clear and timely trading signals. Calling the turns is hard because we don’t have a mechanics of mean reversion. Our best theories— including behavioral finance, neuroeconomics, experimental economics, and evolutionary psychology— do not enable us to foresee the sudden exogenous shock that will trigger a reversal, or to sense when a gradual change in investors’ attitudes will reach the tipping point. Not even the most skilled and experienced asset allocators can pinpoint in advance the onset of a reversal. Most of us are well advised not to attempt market timing. The soundest plan is to choose a strategy that suits our investment objectives and risk tolerance— potentially including a disciplined smart beta strategy that systematically rebalances over time—and to stick with that choice for the long term. 4. 5. 6. Nor does the standard model account for the sheer volume of non-algorithmic stock market trades. The novelist Italo Svevo satirized the illusion of control when he described a fictional character’s apparently successful effort to regulate the stock exchange on behalf of a late friend’s family: “I don’t know anyone who has ever been able to tolerate similar exertion for fifty hours. Every shift in price I recorded, brooded over, and then (why not say it?) mentally urged shares forward, or held them back, as best suited me, or rather my poor friend. Even my nights were sleepless.” (Svevo 2003, p. 388.) Lo (2004) gives examples of “species” in the economy, including pension funds, retail investors, market makers, and hedge fund managers.
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Llanvair Discoed (Welsh: Llanfair Is Coed) is a small village in Monmouthshire, south-east Wales, 6 miles west of Chepstow and 10 miles east of Newport.
The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as 'Lamecare'. The name means Mary's (Mair > Fair) church (llan) under (is) the wood (coed). The 'd' at the start of Discoed only appears in more recent versions of the name. The correct Welsh language name is Llanfair Is Coed or Llanfair-iscoed. The wood refers to Wentwood, which at the time of the Kingdom of Gwent separated the cantref of Gwent Is Coed ("this side of the wood", as envisaged from Caerwent), from that of Gwent Uwch Coed ("beyond the wood").
The village contains a small ruined castle, believed to have been built by the FitzPayn family, as lords of Llanvair Discoed, in the 13th century.
There is an Iron Age hill fort at Llanmelin, about one mile east of the village overlooking the Castrogi Brook and with distant views of the Severn estuary. The fort covers an area of 2.2 hectares (5.4 acres), with a small outpost enclosure to the north-east. It is believed to have been first built around the 4th century BC, and rebuilt and extended in the 1st century BC. Earthworks adjoining the fort to the south-east have been interpreted as funerary enclosures, suggesting to some that the fort was used as an oppidum or small town by the Silures. Finds of later Romano-British pottery have also been made at Llanmelin.
The site is one of a number which have been suggested as the true site of King Arthur's court at Celliwig or Camelot, following the Roman withdrawal from the nearby town of Venta Silurum or Caerwent. However, others have suggested that Llanmelin is not an especially impressive hillfort, and archaeological evidence so far is that it was primarily a defended enclosure for livestock with a few associated roundhouses.
The village is nestled at the bottom of Gray Hill, an important archaeological site with earthworks and standing stones dating from the Neolithic period up to the Bronze Age.
It is on the road between Caerwent and Usk via Wentwood. It currently has 67 houses, one pub (The Woodlands Tavern), and one parish church, namely St. Mary's Church in Wales church.
To the north lies Pehhein, a "large, two storeyed villa of a standard Regency type." The house was designed for Samuel Brookes and took John Nash's villa at Cronkhill, Shropshire, as its inspiration. The villa is a Grade II listed building.
This page was last edited on 29 January 2019, at 07:44 (UTC).
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Should I have the owner of the property sign new commercial lease or the Management company for owner sign?
if the manangement company is the listing agency, then go through them, if not then go through the owner.
I would ask your attorney this question. If the management company has the authority by the landlord to sign the lease, it's my opinion that is sufficient. However, this is something you should be advised by your attorney.
It comes down to who has signature authority. First of all, who owns the property? LLC, Corp, LP, etc. Did that entity properly assign that authority on the property to sign on the entities behalf. If a corporation owns the property, did they have a board meeting to assign that authority? You need to follow the authority. An attorney can assist on this matter.
It depends on who you want to be on the hook for it, and if legally, they can be on the hook for it. For example, if you have the management company sign the lease, but they are not allowed to, then the signature may be worthless, but you may have claims against the management company.
Additionally, no reason it has to be an either/or situation. If there is something you want the management company and the owner to acknowledge, have them both sign. Of course, you should talk to your lawyer for advice specific for your situation.
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Should I clean my car before fitting a cover?
This is especially important if you're planning on keeping your car under cover for extended periods of time, or if you're planning on putting your car into storage.
Also be especially careful to ensure that bird mess or tree sap is cleaned from your car before storage, as this can damage the paintwork.
To give your car the perfect clean, we recommend the Perfect Bodywork, Wheels & Interiors collection from Autoglym which you can also purchase from our website by clicking here.
If you're going to be storing your vehicle for a long period of time, be sure to keep the battery charged with our car battery charger.
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Portfolio optimization is the process of selecting the best portfolio (asset distribution), out of the set of all portfolios being considered, according to some objective. The objective typically maximizes factors such as expected return, and minimizes costs like financial risk. Factors being considered may range from tangible (such as assets, liabilities, earnings or other fundamentals) to intangible (such as selective divestment).
Modern portfolio theory was introduced in a 1952 essay by Harry Markowitz. It assumes that an investor wants to maximize a portfolio's expected return contingent on any given amount of risk. For portfolios that meet this criterion, known as efficient portfolios, achieving a higher expected return requires taking on more risk, so investors are faced with a trade-off between risk and expected return. This risk-expected return relationship of efficient portfolios is graphically represented by a curve known as the efficient frontier. All efficient portfolios, each represented by a point on the efficient frontier, are well-diversified. While ignoring higher moments can lead to significant over-investment in risky securities, especially when volatility is high, the optimization of portfolios when return distributions are non-Gaussian is mathematically challenging.
The portfolio optimization problem is specified as a constrained utility-maximization problem. Common formulations of portfolio utility functions define it as the expected portfolio return (net of transaction and financing costs) minus a cost of risk. The latter component, the cost of risk, is defined as the portfolio risk multiplied by a risk aversion parameter (or unit price of risk). Practitioners often add additional constraints to improve diversification and further limit risk. Examples of such constraints are asset, sector, and region portfolio weight limits.
Portfolio optimization often takes place in two stages: optimizing weights of asset classes to hold, and optimizing weights of assets within the same asset class. An example of the former would be choosing the proportions placed in equities versus bonds, while an example of the latter would be choosing the proportions of the stock sub-portfolio placed in stocks X, Y, and Z. Equities and bonds have fundamentally different financial characteristics and have different systematic risk and hence can be viewed as separate asset classes; holding some of the portfolio in each class provides some diversification, and holding various specific assets within each class affords further diversification. By using such a two-step procedure one eliminates non-systematic risks both on the individual asset and the asset class level.
One approach to portfolio optimization is to specify a von Neumann–Morgenstern utility function defined over final portfolio wealth; the expected value of utility is to be maximized. To reflect a preference for higher rather than lower returns, this objective function is increasing in wealth, and to reflect risk aversion it is concave. For realistic utility functions in the presence of many assets that can be held, this approach, while theoretically the most defensible, can be computationally intensive.
Harry Markowitz developed the "critical line method", a general procedure for quadratic programming that can handle additional linear constraints and upper and lower bounds on holdings. Moreover, the approach provides a method for determining the entire set of efficient portfolios. It was later explicated by William Sharpe.
For the specific formulas for efficient portfolios, see Portfolio separation in mean-variance analysis.
The complexity and scale of optimizing portfolios over many assets means that the work is generally done by computer. Central to this optimization is the construction of the covariance matrix for the rates of return on the assets in the portfolio.
Portfolio optimization is usually done subject to constraints, such as regulatory constraints, or illiquidity. These constraints can lead to portfolio weights that focus on a small sub-sample of assets within the portfolio. When the portfolio optimization process is subject to other constraints such as taxes, transaction costs, and management fees, the optimization process may result in an under-diversified portfolio.
Investors may be forbidden by law to hold some assets. In some cases, unconstrained portfolio optimization would lead to short-selling of some assets. However short-selling can be forbidden. Sometimes it is impractical to hold an asset because the associated tax cost is too high. In such cases appropriate constraints must be imposed on the optimization process.
Transaction costs are the costs of trading in order to change the portfolio weights. Since the optimal portfolio changes with time, there is an incentive to re-optimize frequently. However, too frequent trading would incur too-frequent transactions costs; so the optimal strategy is to find the frequency of re-optimization and trading that appropriately trades off the avoidance of transaction costs with the avoidance of sticking with an out-of-date set of portfolio proportions. This is related to the topic of tracking error, by which stock proportions deviate over time from some benchmark in the absence of re-balancing.
Different approaches to portfolio optimization measure risk differently. In addition to the traditional measure, standard deviation, or its square (variance), which are not robust risk measures, other measures include the Sortino ratio, CVaR (Conditional Value at Risk), and statistical dispersion.
Investment is a forward-looking activity, and thus the covariances of returns must be forecast rather than observed. Some recent studies explore information other than price history, such as market sentiment and business classification to enable the forecast. Portfolio optimization assumes the investor may have some risk aversion and the stock prices may exhibit significant differences between their historical or forecast values and what is experienced. In particular, financial crises are characterized by a significant increase in correlation of stock price movements which may seriously degrade the benefits of diversification.
In a mean-variance optimization framework, accurate estimation of the variance-covariance matrix is paramount. Quantitative techniques that use Monte-Carlo simulation with the Gaussian copula and well-specified marginal distributions are effective. Allowing the modeling process to allow for empirical characteristics in stock returns such as autoregression, asymmetric volatility, skewness, and kurtosis is important. Not accounting for these attributes can lead to severe estimation error in the correlations, variances and covariances that have negative biases (as much as 70% of the true values). Other optimization strategies that focus on minimizing tail-risk (e.g., value at risk, conditional value at risk) in investment portfolios are popular amongst risk averse investors. To minimize exposure to tail risk, forecasts of asset returns using Monte-Carlo simulation with vine copulas to allow for lower (left) tail dependence (e.g., Clayton, Rotated Gumbel) across large portfolios of assets are most suitable.
More recently, hedge fund managers have been applying "full-scale optimization" whereby any investor utility function can be used to optimize a portfolio. It is purported that such a methodology is more practical and suitable for modern investors whose risk preferences involve reducing tail risk, minimizing negative skewness and fat tails in the returns distribution of the investment portfolio. Where such methodologies involve the use of higher-moment utility functions, it is necessary to use a methodology that allows for forecasting of a joint distribution that accounts for asymmetric dependence. More specifically, the equities asset class is known to exhibit asymmetric dependence (i.e., lower tail dependence). A suitable methodology that allows for the joint distribution to incorporate asymmetric dependence is the Clayton Canonical Vine Copula. See Copula (probability theory)#Quantitative finance.
A group of investors, instead of investing individually, may choose to invest their total capital into the joint portfolio, and then divide the (uncertain) investment profit in a way which suits best their utility/risk preferences. It turns out that, at least in the expected utility model, and mean-deviation model, each investor can usually get a share which he/she values strictly more than his/her optimal portfolio from the individual investment.
^ Cvitanić, Jakša; Polimenis, Vassilis; Zapatero, Fernando (2008-01-01). "Optimal portfolio allocation with higher moments". Annals of Finance. 4 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1007/s10436-007-0071-5. ISSN 1614-2446.
^ Kim, Young Shin; Giacometti, Rosella; Rachev, Svetlozar; Fabozzi, Frank J.; Mignacca, Domenico (2012-11-21). "Measuring financial risk and portfolio optimization with a non-Gaussian multivariate model". Annals of Operations Research. 201 (1): 325–343. doi:10.1007/s10479-012-1229-8.
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^ Merton, Robert. September 1972. "An analytic derivation of the efficient portfolio frontier," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 7, 1851–1872.
^ Talebi, Arash; Molaei, Sheikh (17 September 2010). M.A., M.J. Proceeding of 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering. p. 430. doi:10.1109/icife.2010.5609394. ISBN 978-1-4244-6927-7.
^ Shapiro, Alexander; Dentcheva, Darinka; Ruszczyński, Andrzej (2009). Lectures on stochastic programming: Modeling and theory (PDF). MPS/SIAM Series on Optimization. 9. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). Mathematical Programming Society (MPS). pp. xvi+436. ISBN 978-0-89871-687-0. MR 2562798.
^ Zhu, Zhe; Welsch, Roy E. (2018). "Robust dependence modeling for high-dimensional covariance matrices with financial applications". Ann. Appl. Stat. 12 (2): 1228–1249. doi:10.1214/17-AOAS1087.
^ Xing, Frank Z.; Cambria, Erik; Welsch, Roy E. (2019). "Growing Semantic Vines for Robust Asset Allocation". Knowledge-Based Systems. 165: 297–305. doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2018.11.035.
^ Humphrey, J.; Benson, K.; Low, R.K.Y.; Lee, W.L. (2015). "Is diversification always optimal?". Pacific Basin Finance Journal. 35 (B): B. doi:10.1016/j.pacfin.2015.09.003.
^ Xing, Frank Z.; Cambria, Erik; Welsch, Roy E. (2018-10-15). "Intelligent Asset Allocation via Market Sentiment Views". IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine. 13 (4): 25–34. doi:10.1109/MCI.2018.2866727.
^ Chua, D.; Krizman, M.; Page, S. (2009). "The Myth of Diversification". Journal of Portfolio Management. 36 (1): 26–35. doi:10.3905/JPM.2009.36.1.026.
^ Low, R.K.Y.; Faff, R.; Aas, K. (2016). "Enhancing mean–variance portfolio selection by modeling distributional asymmetries" (PDF). Journal of Economics and Business. 85: 49–72. doi:10.1016/j.jeconbus.2016.01.003.
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^ Low, R.K.Y.; Alcock, J.; Faff, R.; Brailsford, T. (2013). "Canonical vine copulas in the context of modern portfolio management: Are they worth it?". Journal of Banking & Finance. 37 (8): 3085. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.02.036.
^ Chua, David; Kritzman, Mark; Page, Sebastien (2009). "The Myth of Diversification". Journal of Portfolio Management. 36 (1): 26–35. doi:10.3905/JPM.2009.36.1.026.
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The English band Skyclad was formed in 1990 after vocalist Martin Walkyier left his previous band, Sabbat. Skyclad began as a thrash metal band but added violins from session musician Mike Evans on several tracks from their debut album, The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth, an effort described by Eduardo Rivadavia of AllMusic as "ambitious" and "groundbreaking." The song "The Widdershins Jig" from the debut album has been acclaimed as "particularly significant" and "a certain first in the realms of Metal". With a full-time fiddler in their lineup, the band's second album feature a "now legendary folky jig style" and "more prominent inclusion of the fiddle playing lead lines and melodies normally associated with the lead guitar parts of most other rock bands."
Cruachan were formed in 1992 in Dublin, Ireland. From the outset their intention was to mix the native Irish folk music of their home country with the more extreme side of metal music. Their debut album Tuatha Na Gael was released in 1995 and was a full folk metal album from start to finish. In the Italian book “FOLK METAL, Dalle Origini Al Ragnarok”, a comprehensive history of the genre, Author Fabrizio Giosue credits Cruachan as being the very first real Folk Metal band. He acknowledges that Skyclad did have some folk parts in some songs before Cruachan however he goes on to say Cruachan used folk music as much as they used heavy metal music. Cruachan also used arrangements of known folk songs and melodies, Skyclad wrote folk "sounding" parts.
Spanish band Mägo de Oz was among early Folk Metal artists that were influenced by the Celtic folk music. The band introduced folk elements and instruments in their power metal-based music from their 1994 debut album. Another early contributor to folk metal is the Finnish group Amorphis. They formed in 1990 with their debut album, The Karelian Isthmus, following two years later. Their sophomore effort Tales from the Thousand Lakes was released in 1994 with "plenty of fascinating melodies and song structures that drew heavily from the traditional folk music of their native country." The album received a favorable reception from fans with "its content quickly being exalted across the Metal underground as perhaps the very pinnacle of atmospheric Death Metal achievement."
Parallel to Cruachan, the black metal act Primordial also released a demo recording in 1993 and "found themselves heralded as frontrunners in the burgeoning second-wave black metal movement." Irish music plays "a very big role" in Primordial but in "a dark and subtle way" through the chords and timings. The band has since "established themselves as one of the most unique sounding bands in the folk-meets-black metal field." Other early representatives of Celtic metal include the bands Geasa, Mägo de Oz and Waylander with both groups releasing a demo recording in 1995.
The year 1996 also saw the debut album of the "one-man black metal project of multi-instrumentalist Vratyas Vakyas" from Germany known as Falkenbach. Even though Falkenbach was formed as early as 1989, the band didn't get much attention until the debut, that includes epic music that is "rife with keyboards, Viking themes, and folk music tendencies," Falkenbach was effectively a merge of Viking metal with folk metal. They were joined in the next two years by other bands combining the two genres including Windir, Månegarm and Thyrfing.
Predating most folk metal groups, the Spanish band Mägo de Oz was formed as far back as 1989 with a self-titled debut album, released in 1994. With nine members in their lineup, including a violinist and flutist, the band has evolved over the years into a combination of power metal and Celtic flavored folk metal. They have experienced strong chart success in their native Spain as well as in South America and Mexico.
“ During the nineties and even at the end of the nineties, there were very few bands. We had Waylander from Ireland. And one or two in Europe, but it was very rare to get a real folk metal band. Nowadays it is a bit of an explosion all over the place.
Finntroll's second album Jaktens tid was released in 2001 and became a chart success in their native Finland. Some of the songs on the album feature vocals performed by Jonne Järvelä of Korpiklaani, another band from Finland. While other folk metal bands began with metal before adding folk music, Korpiklaani started with folk music before turning metal. The roots of Korpiklaani can be traced back to a Sami folk music group under the name of Shamaani Duo, an "in house restaurant band" created in 1993. An album of folk music was released under this name before Jonne Järvelä relocated and formed a new band Shaman. The folk metal act Shaman was based on the folk music of Shamaani Duo. Two albums were released in 1999 and 2001 before Shaman changed their name to Korpiklaani. The change in name was accompanied by a change in the music. The traditional yoik vocals and the use of the Sámi language were dropped while the synthesizer was replaced with real folk instruments. Jonne Järvelä credits his work with Finntroll as the catalyst for the shift in emphasis from folk to metal.
Jonne Järvelä of Korpiklaani played acoustic folk music for five years before turning his attention to folk metal.
While Korpiklaani used an assortment of traditional instruments to deliver their folk metal, Finntroll relies on keyboards for Finnish folk melodies played in the humppa style. The keyboards in Finntroll are performed by Henri Sorvali who also performs in Moonsorrow, another folk metal band from Finland that he formed with his cousin Ville Sorvali in 1995. They released two demos, the first in 1997 and another in 1999, before the 2001 debut album Suden Uni. Moonsorrow blends folk metal with Viking metal by incorporating "Finland's traditional folk music forms into elaborate symphonic arrangements typical of Viking metal outfits such as Bathory and Enslaved." The adoption of folk elements was "becoming all the rage" in Finland by this point and other folk metal bands from Finland that began to emerge in the early 2000s included Cadacross, Ensiferum and later on Turisas and Wintersun. Ensiferum notably found themselves at the top of the Finnish charts with their 2007 single "One More Magic Potion". Finntroll, Korpiklaani, Moonsorrow and Turisas have all experienced chart success in their native Finland as well.
There are also folk metal acts from the other Scandinavian countries. Icelandic group Skalmold is a notable example. The Norwegian act Glittertind was A-listed and played with the highest playing frequency on Norway's most popular radio channel NRK P1 with the song "Kvilelaus" (eng. Restless)" and performed the song on Lindmo, the Norwegian answer to Oprah Winfrey show when they released their first full-length as a full band. Other Norwegian acts include the aforementioned Storm and Windir as well as more recent groups such as Kampfar, Lumsk, Ásmegin and Trollfest. Bands from Sweden include the aforementioned Thyrfing and Månegarm along with other acts such as Otyg and Vintersorg. Folk metal bands from Denmark include Wuthering Heights, Svartsot, Huldre and the Faroe Islanders Týr.
Outside Scandinavia, other European nations have contributed to the growing genre. Groups from the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania includes Metsatöll, Raud-Ants, and Skyforger while representatives from Russia include Alkonost, Arkona and Butterfly Temple. More isolated examples across Europe include Dimmi Argus and Balkandji from Bulgaria, Equilibrium and Finsterforst from Germany, Dalriada from Hungary, Ithilien from Belgium, Cruadalach from the Czech Republic, Litvintroll from Belarus, Nightcreepers from France, Zaria from Slovenia, Mägo de Oz and Saurom from Spain, Elvenking from Italy and Eluveitie from Switzerland.
Beyond the European continent, folk metal is relatively rare with only a few known acts including the aforementioned The Lord Weird Slough Feg and their fellow Americans Agalloch. The latter's music "made for a stark geographical anomaly, since its eclectic, avant-garde folk-metal was the sort of thing one would expect to emerge from Scandinavia -- not Portland, Oregon." Tuatha de Danann is another geographical anomaly with their Celtic metal from Brazil. Moreover there is also Skiltron who play Scottish Celtic metal who hail from Argentina, Conrad a folk metal band from Barbados, Nine Treasures from China, Orphaned Land from Israel, Myrath from Tunisia, Tengger Cavalry and The Hu from Mongolia.
With influences that include Dream Theater, the Faroe Islanders Týr blend progressive metal with folk music.
The music of folk metal is a diverse collection with bands pursuing different subgenres of heavy metal music. While bands like Primordial and Finntroll perform black metal, other groups such as The Lord Weird Slough Feg ply their trade with a more traditional or power metal base. The German-Norwegian group Midnattsol blends the genre with gothic metal. Progressive tendencies can be found among some bands including Elvenking, Lumsk and Týr. Some bands are known to adopt more than one different styles of heavy metal. Orphaned Land combines folk metal with progressive and doom/death metal. The band formed in 1991, also combining Jewish, Arabic, and other West Asian influences while Ensiferum mix folk music on top of a power and death metal hybrid. A few groups are also known to incorporate the styles of other music genres outside of heavy metal. Examples include the punk rock in the music of Glittertind and the neofolk and post-rock tendencies of Agalloch.
The folk elements in the genre often reflect the ethnic background of the musicians as is the case for the Finnic folk music in Finntroll, Korpiklaani, and Metsatöll, the Baltic folk music in Skyforger, East Asian influences such as Chthonic's use of Taiwanese folk music or Tengger Cavalry's incorporation of Mongolian throat singing, or the Middle Eastern background of Orphaned Land. However, some bands defy the geographical and ethnical background, like Ymyrgar, who hail from Tunisia but chose to focus on Norse mythology.
Celtic music can be found among such Irish groups as Cruachan and Waylander as well as bands outside Ireland like Ithilien from Belgium, Eluveitie (although Switzerland can be considered a country with a Celtic history), and Tuatha de Danann (from Brazil, a country that has no cultural ties with the Celts whatsoever, despite the similarity of the country's name to an island in Irish myth). Folk music from multiple regions are employed by some groups like Elvenking, Ithilien and Ensiferum. Other brazilian acts, such as Sepultura and Overdose (from Belo Horizonte), mixed thrash with tribal sounds, ethnic voices and amazonian instruments. Max Cavalera of Sepultura formed Soulfly which later incorporated this "tribal metal" and latin metal sounds in nu metal and groove metal, inspiring acts like Ill Niño, Puya or Tren Loco.
An epic atmosphere is characteristic of some folk metal bands like Primordial, Moonsorrow, Turisas and the music project Folkearth. Groups like Ensiferum and Wintersun are known to have a melodious side while bands that favor a more blistering or brutal approach can be found in groups like Finntroll and Månegarm.
Folk metal feature the same typical instruments found in heavy metal music: guitars, bass, drums and vocalist. While a few folk metal groups like Tharaphita discard "any notion of utilising folk instrumentation" and "rely solely on traditional metal instruments," bands in the genre generally rely on folk instruments that range from the common to the exotic. Numerous folk metal acts include a dedicated violinist in their line up. This includes Skyclad, Subway to Sally, Schandmaul, Mägo de Oz, Ithilien, Silent Stream of Godless Elegy, Korpiklaani, Lumsk, Elvenking, Eluveitie and Tuatha de Danann. The tin whistle and flute can be found in such Celtic metal bands as Cruachan, Waylander, Ithilien and Eluveitie. The flute can also be found in other bands such as Metsatöll, Schandmaul and Morgenstern. Medieval bagpipes are used in bands like Folkstone and In Extremo. Some bands are also known to highlight more exotic instruments from their ethnic background or country, including Skyforger's use of the Latvian kokles, Metsatöll's use of the Estonian torupill, Korpiklaani's use of the Finnish kantele, Eluveitie and Ithilien's use of the hurdy-gurdy, and Orphaned Land's use of the oud and saz.
In the absence of folk instruments, other bands in the genre resort to using keyboards to replicate the sound of folk instruments. This includes the aforementioned Storm, Empyrium and Finntroll as well as other acts like Midnattsol. Bands that supplement a folk instrument like the violin with keyboards include Skyclad, Mägo de Oz, and Tuatha de Danann.
The large number of instruments that some bands rely on in recording their studio albums can be a hindrance for live performances. While Orphaned Land are able to perform onstage with twenty musicians in their homeland of Israel, they have to rely on a computer to replicate the roles of the guest musicians for concerts elsewhere. Some folk metal acts confine themselves to studio recordings and are not known to perform any live concerts. This includes Folkearth, and Falkenbach. Other folk metal bands expand their regular roster to include more musicians and consequently, it is not uncommon to find bands in the genre featuring six or more members in their line-up. Some of the sextets in the genre are Schandmaul, Cruachan, Korpiklaani, Turisas, and Midnattsol, while septets include Ithilien, Subway to Sally, In Extremo, and Lumsk. Both Silent Stream of Godless Elegy and Eluveitie boast eight members each while the line up of Mägo de Oz totals nine performers. Even when a band includes members dedicated to folk instruments, they might still rely on guest musicians to further enhance their sound. As an example, Lumsk added thirteen guest musicians to the band's seven members on their debut album Åsmund Frægdegjevar. At times, guest musicians are known to become full-fledged members of the band, as was the case in Skyforger and Turisas.
Regular heavy metal singing is followed by traditional yoik vocals in this 21 second sample from Shaman's second album Shamániac.
The diverse range of music styles and instruments is matched by a variety of vocal styles in the genre. From the "spine-chilling death shrieks" in Finntroll to the black metal rasps of Skyforger or Moonsorrow, there is no shortage of extreme vocals in folk metal. Other bands to feature extreme vocals include Cadacross, Ensiferum, Ithilien and Equilibrium. In contrast, bands like Mägo de Oz and Metsatöll are known to feature "clean" singing in line with their more traditional metal approach. Numerous other bands in the genre are known to feature both extreme vocals and clean singing. This includes Primordial, Turisas, Windir and Wintersun.
Traditional folk singing can also be found among some folk metal bands. The yoik vocals of Jonne Järvelä have been featured in varying degrees in the music of Shaman, Finntroll and Korpiklaani. Folk singing or folk-inspired singing can also be heard in the music of Equilibrium, Metsatöll, Skyforger and Orphaned Land. The music of Orphaned Land also features the use of chants and choirs, commonly encountered in the genre of folk metal. Bands that are known to use a choir include Arkona, Turisas, Lumsk and Eluveitie, while chants can be found in the music of Týr and Windir. Some bands like Falconer and Thyrfing are also known to feature "yo-ho-ho folk melodies" in their vocals to suit their Viking metal style.
Orphaned Land mostly uses English lyrics, but they are known to feature other languages as they "go well with the music and also sound more exotic and unique." Týr has also been known to use multiple languages in their music. Other bands in the genre are known to sing exclusively or almost entirely in their native language, including Mägo de Oz in Spanish, Moonsorrow in Finnish, Metsatöll in Estonian and Lumsk in Norwegian. Bands in the medieval metal subgenre also tend to sing largely or entirely in their German language, including Subway to Sally, Morgenstern and Letzte Instanz.
Folk metal has been associated with paganism ever since its inception, when Martin Walkyier left his former band Sabbat to form Skyclad, in part because the band "wasn't going to go far enough down the pagan, British way that we wanted to do it." Consequently, the lyrics of Skyclad have been known to deal with pagan matters. The band Cruachan was also founded by a self-described pagan, Keith Fay. For Ville Sorvali of Moonsorrow, the label "pagan metal" is preferred "because that describes the ideological points in the music, but doesn’t say anything about the music itself." Other bands that also prefer to use the term "pagan metal" as a self-description include Cruachan, Eluveitie, Obtest and Skyforger. In contrast to bands with pagan themes, some folk metal bands such as Orphaned Land have themes of Abrahamic religion.
The Celtic metal subgenre is known to feature lyrics based on Celtic mythology. The history of the Celts is another popular source for the lyrics of Celtic metal bands like Cruachan, Eluveitie, Primordial and Mael Mórdha. Norse mythology can be found in the lyrics of such Scandinavian bands as Falkenbach, Týr, Finntroll and Mithotyn. Skyforger is known for featuring lyrics based on both the history and mythology of their Latvian culture. Other bands that have treated history to song include Falconer and Slechtvalk.
Some bands, like Torbjørn Sandvik in Glittertind, have uttered socialist sentiments in statements explaining album concepts. Picture from Borgund Stave Church in Sogn og Fjordane (2009).
Many National Socialist black metal (NSBM) bands like Nokturnal Mortum, or Russia's Temnozor and Kroda have been known to cross over into folk metal, a circumstance that Ciaran O'Hagan, the vocalist of Waylander, views as "an insult to people like myself who don’t hold with fascist ideals at all." He further suggests that the NSBM bands are playing folk metal "for all the wrong reasons." Due to the misappropriation of pagan symbols by Neo-Nazism, several folk metal bands have also been mistaken for being part of the NSBM scene. Consequently, such bands as Cruachan, Skyforger, Moonsorrow, Månegarm and Týr have had to disassociate themselves with Nazism, fascism or racism. Skyforger went as far as to add the words 'No Nazi Stuff Here!' on the back of their album covers. In April 2008, performers on the folk metal festival Paganfest were subject to accusations of being Nazis, racists and fascists from the German Antifa. Ville Sorvali of Moonsorrow and Heri Joensen of Týr issued a joint video statement to refute these accusations, noting that "one of the biggest issues seems to be that we use ancient Scandinavian symbols in our imagery like the S in the Moonsorrow logo and the T in the Týr logo [even though] that is how the S and the T runes have been written for thousands of years." Moonsorrow has also issued a written statement in response to the controversy while Týr notes on their official website that they "got the idea for the rune logo" from the Black Sabbath album of the same name. On the other side of the political landscape, some folk metal bands have uttered explicit socialist sentiments. For example the aforementioned Glittertind made a leftist statement against neoliberalism in their album booklet when re-releasing the record Til Dovre Faller on Napalm Records in May 2009.
The original folk metal band Skyclad was also known to deal with serious political subjects but through lyrics that were littered with puns and humor. Other bands have continued to feature fun and humorous lyrics. This includes Finntroll with their obsession on trolls. The lyrics of Korpiklaani also "focused on having a good time, drinking [and] partying." In a review of Turisas' The Varangian Way album, James Christopher Monger of Allmusic commented that some listeners might be put off by "the concept of grown men in pelts" singing such lyrics as "come with us to the south, write your name on our roll." Heri Joensen of Týr contends that a listener needs to be confident in his masculinity to listen to such traditional Faeroese lyrics as his own "young lads, happy lads, step upon the floor, dance merrily."
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Owners of C-bodies either have had, do have or will have problems with their headlight switch. This is a challenge for those with switches which are no longer available, '67 - '70 toggle/rocker switches in particular. Here is what I have found to be the culprit and how to avoid going down the "NOS Road" to repair it in such cases.
Ever had your C-body's headlights intermittently go out or flicker on-and-off for no apparent reason? The tail and parking lights still work as they should, so you check all of the grounds and connections in the headlight circuit and you replace your dimmer switch, but to no avail -- your headlights still flicker and/or go out. What could be causing this problem?
It is most likely the headlight switch itself since most switches also incorporate a circuit breaker system. The breaker's "points" have a tendancy to build up resistance over the years and overheat, distorting their bi-metal "arms" and eventually causing failure even though there may not be any system overload to which the breaker is responding.
"Now that I know that, I'll simply replace the headlight switch", you say. Not so simple, though, if you own a C-body for which the headlight switch has gone obsolete from all sources. This applies especially to those cars built from '67 - '70 which use a toggle- or rocker-type switch: all such switches are discontinued and have been for years. I suspect that many of us will encounter the same situation with some push-pull-type switches in the not-too-distant future. Your choices are to try to locate an NOS (New Old Stock) switch which can be time-consuming and costly, obtain a used one which may soon fail also, or do what I do: fix the old one yourself!
This repair should only be attempted by those who are already somewhat familiar with Mopar electrical systems and are comfortable disassembling electrical components which were never designed for disassembly. After you have disconnected the plug and removed the switch from behind the instrumant panel (an adventure in itself), you can usually disassemble the switch by CAREFULLY prying the piened-over pot metal "indents" away from the bakelite insulator on the back of the switch. If you chip the insulator, don't panic: it can usually be epoxied. As you separate the insulator from the body, pay careful attention to where all of the springs, detent balls and contacts go because NO ILLUSTRATION of this exists anywhere (that I am aware of). Now locate the breaker's "points", straighten the bi-meal arms if necessary, clean the contact faces and solder them together with silver solder. When you reassemble the switch, put it back together with a little dielectric grease on all of the moving parts and contact surfaces. If the pot-metal pein-over areas were snapped off during disassembly, drill through the metal case and into the insulator with a #89 drill bit and tap the holes for tiny #4-40 brass screws. Obviously, DO NOT let these scews come into contact with any of the contacts inside the insulator.
"Now wait a minute!" you say. "What if the system DOES get overloaded someday? Won't my car turn into flambe' a la Mopar?" It most surely will if you don't follow the next step. You MUST now mount an in-line breaker which matches your car's circuit load capacity (ususally 20 amps, but CHECK YOUR SERVICE MANUAL). I recommend using a modern push-in fuse holder in conjunction with a push-in circuit breaker (available from any decent auto parts store). You may have to modify the fuse holder slightly to fit the breaker into it, but be sure that the breaker's blades are completely insulated from the grouded metal of the dash. Now locate the battery (hot) wire in the plug (it is black on my '70 but, again, check your service manual). Remove it from its socket by depressing the small tab which retains it inside the plastic plug (don't cut the wire instead!). You can buy female terminals such as this one (P/N 784491) and corresponding male terminals (P/N 784490) at NAPA and crimp or solder one of each onto either end of the fuse holder' wire. Push the fuse holder's female terminal into the headlight plug. Then use a male insulator on the male terminal (P/N 784530) and a also slide afemale insulator (P/N 784531) onto the original female hot terminal, and connect them. Reassemble your system; you are now done and you haven't cut a single wire in your harness.
If you must buy several of the terminals and insulators just to get the few pieces you need, do not be upset. You have Mopars; you will use them sooner rather than later for other repair/update projects. And, of course, you can share them with your Mopar buddies, too!
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Kogon's chief collaborators were the Socialist writer Ferdinand Romhild; Heinz Baumeister of Dortmund, a Social Democrat; and Stefan Heymann, an orthodox Communist editor with whom Kogon was on excellent terms, although Heymann had been detailed by the Communist leadership in camp to serve as a check on him, Kogon consulted further with Dr. Werner Hilpert, former leader of the Catholic Action in Saxony and chairman of the Catholic Center party in Saxony, as well as with The radical leftist writer Franz Hackct.
"The organisation is thus still predominantly committed to orthodox/communist "anti-fascism", which argues that right-wing extremism is inherently linked to market economy systems and that state institutions in western democracies are thus more likely to support right-wing extremist activity than fight it."
that in this view, "a socialist/communist dictatorship is the only logical alternative to "fascist" threats".
The report acknowledged that the VVN-BdA had, since 1989, stopped describing ultra-left violence and injustice as commendable; nevertheless, Communist crimes were consistently qualified, ignored and even denied.
Needless to say that they considerably shaped the narrative about concentration camps and National Socialism after the war as well. Those ranting about "evil Nazis" in most cases do have some Communist or Marxist affiliation, even if that was just them being in some student group during their university days. They are also quick to defend (or deny) when Communists are accused to something.
Maybe they'd admit that Stalin was a bad guy, but Lenin wasn't as bad. Mass death in the Soviet Union are "due to famine", as if the policies didn't have anything to do with that. It just happened.
The Holocaust is a convenient decoy for Communists to distract from their crimes and disastrous policies.
At the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial a lot of the "witnesses" were provided by the Eastern Bloc countries (I assume documentation came from their as well). The Polish witnesses actually weren't that bad at times, the ones from the GDR were hilarious. Their testimonies are riddled with absurdities and actually underline the falsehood of the Holocaust narrative. They were in Auschwitz because they were Communist, but were also counted as Jews, weren't gassed once, and even received medical treatment to keep them alive. Should I quote from the testimonies to demonstrate what I mean?
Were the BBC biased towards Communist Russia?
The Jews and the English had a common enemy. In the 40's, was the Germans' turn. But previously, it used to be the Russians who the Jews were complaining about to England.
Jews apparently had a tendency to lie and exaggerate things in order to whip up other people to help them get what they want. A lie for a greater good.
Werd wrote: The Jews and the English had a common enemy. In the 40's, was the Germans' turn. But previously, it used to be the Russians who the Jews were complaining about to England.
The debate within the resistance focused on the key question of where to fight. Generally speaking, it was the Communists who favoured getting as many of the youth as possible into the forests as partisans, whereas the young Zionists called for last stands in the ghettos. The Communists had always been the most ethnically integrated party in the country and, now that the Soviet Union had itself been attacked, they were wholly committed to the struggle against Hitler. The Soviets had parachuted Pincus Kartin, a Spanish Civil War veteran, into Poland to organise the Jewish underground. The Communists argued that the ghettos could not be defended and the fighters would be killed for nothing. In the woods they might not only survive, but be able to start attacking the Germans. The Zionist youth raised real questions about retreating to the forests. The Red Army was still a long way off and the Polish Communist Gwardia Ludowa (People’s Guard) was viewed with great suspicion by the Polish masses, because of their previous support for the Hitler-Stalin pact which had led directly to the destruction of the Polish state. As a result the Gwardia had very few weapons and the countryside was full of anti-Semitic partisans, often Naras, who had no hesitation about killing Jews. However, there was an additional sectarian element in much of the young Zionists’ thinking. Mordechai Tanenbaum-Tamaroff of Bialystok was the most vehement opponent of the partisan conception, yet the town was in an immense primeval forest.
Atrocity propaganda was seen as a useful tool to mobilize other Jews to join the partisans.
I think that what we have here can be split into time frames; at first the wild rumors about "gas chambers" that went viral within the camps population ( therefore and in fact if not all of "eyewitness testimonies" stop at the entrance of the "gas chambers" or see Abraham Bomba's haircut story ); the Soviets "liberate" Auschwitz and lays the ground for the "gas chambers" narrative; then the Buchenwald table with its preposterous props and Billy Wilder/Jewish led American Psychological Warfare unit staging the rest; the Nuremberg Trials and all the subsequent ones were filled with "certified copies" of the most unbelievable testimonies ( see Carlos Porter's Not Guilty At Nuremberg and Made In Russia: The Holocaust ).
The Soviets, and the Allies in general had to make the German look worst than their Hiroshimas, Gulags and the senseless firebombing of nothing but innocent civilians..but that's just the tip of the iceberg.
I'd like to thank you for the vast amount of documentation and references and sources that you guys posts all the time on this forum, it really is a goldmine for the interested reader.
"Then one day I realized that a false picture of the German camps had been created and that the problem of the concentration camps was a universal one, not just one that could be disposed of by placing it on the doorstep of the national socialists. The deportees, many of whom were communists, had been largely responsible for leading international political thinking to such an erroneous conclusion. I suddenly felt that by remaining silent I was an accomplice to a dangerous influence."
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Did you ever notice that the Star of David is actually made up of two triangles that are superimposed on each other, resulting in a total of nine geometric figures! The Star of David has a very strong symbolism, specifically with reference to the Jewish faith.
Just like the Cross symbolizes Christianity, the Om sign symbolizes Hinduism, and the Crescent moon represents Islam, in the same manner the Star of David is a symbol of Judaism.
The six-pointed star is known as the Star of David. It is also known as "Magen David", meaning 'Shield of David' in Hebrew. The 9 geometric figures mentioned previously, that compose the Star are actually 8 triangles (6 small ones that form the corners and the two main triangles that are superimposed upon each other) and 1 hexagon (the inner shape, flanked on all sides by the 6 small, outer triangles). It is mainly associated with the Israelis and Judaism. It is also seen on the Israeli flag and symbolizes unity.
It is a symbol of unity and hope for Jews and a form of identification for the followers of Judaism.
The Star of David has all its triangles intertwined. This shows that our soul is linked to the Lord Almighty in each and every aspect.
This sacred symbol was seen on the round metal shield of King David and is believed to have brought him many glorious victories, not by his own might but because of the protection he received from the Almighty.
One thing is for sure, the star represents the hundreds and thousands of years of struggle, that the Israeli wanderers had been through.
The overlapping triangles forming a star are the two dimensions that represent the relationship between God and Humanity. The upward facing triangle represents God's laws and scriptures, whereas the downward facing triangle represents Jews studying and applying their teachings.
The triangle pointing upwards symbolizes the good deeds that reach heaven and the triangle pointing downwards symbolizes the abundant blessings poured on the earth.
Some Kabbalists say that the six points represent the absolute rule of God over the universe in all directions. The north, south, east, west, zenith and nadir are all under one God's rule. It may also symbolize the dual nature of good and evil, and is used to protect one against the evil spirit.
Adolf Hitler during the World War II forced the Jews to wear a yellow Star of David as a 'badge of shame'. The star was yellow, as the color was associated with the supposedly negative and stigmatizing way of the Jews.
Today, the blue Star of David is looked upon as a symbol of unity, honor, and respect. The six sides and the center describe the six working days. Also on the sixth day, God created man and woman, and the hexagon in the center represents the Sabbath.
The Magen David - also known as the Shield of King David - is a well-known Jewish symbol, seen distinctively on the Israeli national flag as a sign of hope and protection for every Jew.
The origin of the Star of David is kind of vague. It was also used by Christians, Hindus, and Muslims at some point of time. It had never been mentioned in the Rabbinic literature till the middle ages. After the middle ages, a deeper spiritual meaning was associated with the star by Kabbalists.
The Magen David was first used as a Jewish symbol in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1354. Jews were given the right to have a flag by Emperor Charles IV. The Jews chose the double triangle star as their symbol. When the Emperor was welcomed to the city in the 1500s, they displayed the star on their banners. In the 1600s, Emperor Ferdinand II ruled over Prague and the city was attacked by Swedish forces. The Jews defended the city for the emperor, and as an appreciation they were given the right to adopt a coat of arms. This was an exceptional honor, as it was only bestowed upon the people from the noble families.
The Star of David still dicey as to why the six-sided star was chosen as the Jewish symbol as the 'Menorah' - a seven-flame candle stand - was also commonly associated with the Jews. But it was the Star of David that gained maximum popularity. There are certain theories regarding the Star of David symbol, like one that says Alexander the Great had conquered Jerusalem. The Jews had to fight for their religious freedom and the shields designed for the soldier had the six-pointed star.
One of the triangles stood for King David and the other triangle symbolized the Messiah. Soon, it became a symbol of the Jews and was used as an architectural decoration for many Jewish buildings.
The Zionists assigned national significance to the star during the founding of Israel and gave it a place in the center of the white banner between the two horizontal blue lines.
The yellow Star of David is a reminder for all to never forget the holocaust. Six million Jews were persecuted by the Nazis. During the era of the Holocaust, Jews in France, Holland, Belgium, Croatia, Slovakia, and Romania were discriminated against and ordered to wear the yellow Star of David. Their passports were also stamped with a prominent 'J' marking in red. Jews were burned, gassed, machine-gunned and also sent to extermination camps as Hitler believed that it was the Jews that caused Germany's defeat in World War I. He also considered them to be racially inferior and wanted to completely annihilate the entire Jewish race in Europe. This devastated and eliminated many Jewish communities in Europe. However, this yellow star of shame was later converted into a blue star of honor, and is also seen fluttering on the Israeli national flag as a sign of hope and protection for every Jew.
Jerusalem (Yerushalayim) is the capital city of Israel. The blue Star of David is prominently seen in the center of the Israeli flag with a white background and placed in between two horizontal blue stripes. It was officially established in the year 1948, after the independence. The Jews struggled and wandered a lot, and finally have a homeland to call their own. The white background stands for peace, light, struggle and honesty whereas the blue background stands for faith, trust, unity and heaven. The Israeli emblem was adopted in the year 1949, which is a seven-flame candle stand, called the Menorah, surrounded by an olive branch on each side. There are different color variations to the Menorah, but the blue Menorah is the commonly used emblem by government officials.
The Star of David is a symbol that is also seen among other religious architectures, coins, on tombs, swords and shields.
Christians have Jewish roots and consider the Star of David with the cross set in the center as uniting the Old and the New Testament. The Star of David is also seen on stained glass windows of very old churches. The cross represents the sacrifice that Jesus Christ made for mankind, and the Star of David honors his inheritance.
The Star of David is identical to the Hindu symbol 'The Shatkona' or the Star of Goloka, the eternal home of the Hindu deity Krishna. The upward-facing triangle stands for Shiva - the masculine side of the divine cosmic entity - and the downward-facing triangle stands for Shakti - the feminine side of the divine cosmic entity. The union of the two trikonas or triangles represents the supreme being unified as one.
King David along with his son Solomon are highly notable prophets among the Muslims. Many religious Islamic monuments, prayer towers, mosque domes, artifacts, coins and flags have displayed the Star of David. It is more often associated with King Solomon (the Seal of Solomon), than with King David. This concludes that the hexagram or the Star of David was used by many religions including Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam.
Some people also consider the Star of David to be a pagan symbol - a symbol of witches and occult practitioners - because there is no written evidence of the symbol being mentioned in any of the religious doctrines. Many scholars also debate that this hexagram has sexual connotations and is just another ancient pagan symbol. This may sound offensive to many. The two principles may either be right or wrong. Hence, it is totally up to an individual to decide whether to consider this symbol as a sign of protection or destruction.
The Star of David is believed to protect one from the evil eye. It represents rich religious history and is considered as a symbol of pride among the Jews and others alike. You would also find a Red Star of David on all the Israeli ambulances. It is believed to bring good health and protection. Therefore, decide for yourself if you want to wear it to pay tribute to the people who fought and shed their blood for their religion, to feel the positive vibes of this auspicious symbol, or just as a fashion statement.
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0.998488 |
The IAAF World Championships, commonly referred to as the World Championships in Athletics, is a biennial athletics event organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). The World Championships was started in 1976 in response to the International Olympic Committee dropping the men's 50 km walk from the Olympic athletics programme for the 1976 Montreal Olympics, despite its constant presence at the games since 1932. The IAAF chose to host its own world championship event instead, a month and a half after the Olympics. It was the first World Championships that the IAAF had hosted separate from the Olympic Games. A second limited event was held in 1980, and a major expansion in 1983 is considered the official start of the event. It was then held every four years until 1991, when it switched to a two year cycle.
The Abbott World Marathon Majors (AWMM), originally known as the World Marathon Majors (WMM), is a championship-style competition for marathon runners that started in 2006. It comprises six annual races for the cities of Tokyo, Boston, London, Berlin, Chicago and New York City, a biennial race, the IAAF World Championships Marathon, and a quadrennial race, the Olympic Games Marathon.
The men's 100 metres event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place between 13–14 August at the Olympic Stadium.
The Men's decathlon competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, was held at the Olympic Stadium on 29–30 July.
The men's 100 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom was held at the Olympic Stadium on 4–5 August 2012. The competition comprised four rounds: a preliminary round for entrants without the minimum qualifying standard, a heats round, followed by three semi-finals of eight athletes each, which then reduced to eight athletes for the final.
IAAF Road Race Label Events are races that the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) designates as one of the "leading road races around the world." The classification was first introduced for the 2008 running season, upon the suggestion of the IAAF Road Running Commission. In that first year, only Gold and Silver Labels were awarded, and 49 races were recognised. A third tier was introduced in 2010, entitled the Bronze Label, and in 2015, 88 races were listed in total. The races are split into three categories: marathons, half marathons and other. Within the "other" category are traditional road race distances, over which IAAF world records can be set, along with some "Classical races," which span unusual distances.
At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, 41 events in athletics were contested, 24 events by men and 17 by women. There were a total number of 1273 participating athletes from 124 countries.
The men's 100 metres was of one of 23 track events of the athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics, in Athens. It was contested at the Athens Olympic Stadium, from August 21 to 22, by a total of 84 sprinters from 63 nations.
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0.971124 |
Calamba City is a city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. It is the regional center of Calabarzon, after Lucena City, Calamba is a component city in the placed, first is San Pablo City, The City of Calamba, is one of the fastest growth city in region 4A, and it growth population, which divided into barangays, because of its economic some, commercials, entertainment, factory companies and others, are served in city, Calamba City is 54 kilometres (34 mi) south of Manila. Calamba City is a popular tourist destination. It has several hot spring resorts. Most of these are in Barangay Pansol. There are 651 resorts and hot springs in the city. The Canlubang Golf and Country Club has been the host of many Philippine Opens. Calamba is also an important modern industrial center in the CALABARZON region. This is shown by the large number of industrial parks and business estates in the city. 454,486 people live in the city (2015). There are in 58,466 households. Calamba City is the most populated city in Laguna province. San Pedro, Santa Rosa City, Biñan City, and San Pablo City follow it as the top 5 municipalities and cities by number of people in the province.
Calamba City is the birthplace of José Rizal. He is a national hero in the Philippines.
The name of the city comes from a legend. The legend says that during the early time of the Spanish period in the country, two "guardias civil" or Spanish soldiers were lost. As they moved through the area that is now Calamba, they met a young woman. She came from a river carrying a jar of water and a wooden stove. The soldiers asked the lady what the name of the place was. They asked this in Spanish and used an angry tone to hide the fact that they were lost. She did not speak Spanish and thought she was being questioned about what she was carrying. She answered "kalan-banga", meaning "clay stove" (kalan) and "water jar" (banga). Because they could not pronounce it correctly, the city has been called Calamba since then. This legend is immortalized with a large concrete water jar built in the city plaza with the names of the city's barangays written on it. It is said to be the World's Biggest "Claypot". This same jar is also in the city's seal. The idea to build the plaza came from Dr. Agapito Alzona. He was a town councilor at the time. It was built on an unused area that was at one time the old town market. The plaza was built in 1939.
Before it became a separate city, Calamba was a part of Tabuco. Tabuco is now known as Cabuyao, Laguna. Calamba became an independent pueblo on August 28, 1742.
While the area was under the control of the Japanese in World War II, the city was the site of a massacre. The Imperial Japanese Army killed at least 2,000 civilians.
With the passage of Republic Acts of the Philippines-Republic Act,No. 9024 on April 7, 2001 and the approval of the people on April 21, Calamba went from being a municipality into being Laguna's second component city. San Pablo City was the other component city at the time. Calamba is seen as a major growth center.
On October 28, 2003, Calamba City became the regional center of Region IV-A CALABARZON.
Calamba has been the home to five national heroes: Dr. Jose Rizal, General Paciano Rizal, Teodora Alonzo, General Vicente Lim, and Lt. Geronimo Aclan.
The main church in Calamba City is the St. John the Baptist Church. It was built in 1859. The church was burned by the Japanese during World War II. It was rebuilt by Fr. Eliseo Dimaculangan. It was the christening site of Jose Rizal. The original baptismal font has been is still there.
↑ Jintaro Ishida, The Remains of War, 2001, p.238, citing the Barangay Real Memorial.
This page was last changed on 29 December 2018, at 01:21.
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0.994169 |
Which of the following statements cannot be true, given the current state of knowledge?
Some NP-complete problems are polynomial-time solvable, and some NP-complete problems are not polynomial-time solvable.
There is an NP-complete problem that is polynomial-time solvable.
There is an NP-complete problem that can be solved in time, where is the size of the input.
There is no NP-complete problem that can be solved in time, where is the size of the input.
polynomial time: An algorithm is said to be of polynomial time if its running time is upper bounded by a polynomial expression in the size of the input for the algorithm, i.e., for some positive constant .
exponential time: An algorithm is said to be exponential time, if is upper bounded by , where is some polynomial in . More formally, an algorithm is exponential time if is bounded by for some constant .
We don’t know if P = NP, so option 2 can’t be ruled out.
For all we know, the running time required to solve NP-complete problems could be anywhere between polynomial and exponential (note that is more than polynomial but less than exponential). Thus, options 3 and 4 can’t be ruled out.
That only leaves option 1. The claim in option 1 is incorrect because if there’s a polynomial-time algorithm for any NP-complete problem X, then every other NP problem has a polynomial-time algorithm by reduction to X.
Choose the strongest true statement.
If the minimum-size vertex cover problem can be solved in time in bipartite graphs, then the maximum-size independent set problem can be solved in time in bipartite graphs.
If the maximum-size vertex cover problem can be solved in time in general graphs, then the minimum-size independent set problem can be solved in time in general graphs.
If the minimum-size vertex cover problem can be solved in time in general graphs, then the maximum-size independent set problem can be solved in time in general graphs.
All three of the other assertions are true.
ANSWER: Option 4 is correct. Vertex covers and independent sets are complements (take the complement of one and you get the other). Thus solving one problem allows you to solve the other with postprocessing, where is the number of vertices.
Consider a TSP instance in which every edge cost is either 1 or 2. Then an optimal tour can be computed in polynomial time.
Consider a TSP instance in which every edge cost is negative. The dynamic programming algorithm covered in the video lectures might not correctly compute the optimal (i.e., minimum sum of edge lengths) tour of this instance.
Consider a TSP instance in which every edge cost is negative. Deleting a vertex and all of its incident edges cannot increase the cost of the optimal (i.e., minimum sum of edge lengths) tour.
Consider a TSP instance in which every edge cost is the Euclidean distance between two points in the place (just like in Programming Assignment #5). Deleting a vertex and all of its incident edges cannot increase the cost of the optimal (i.e., minimum sum of edge lengths) tour.
ANSWER: Papadimitriou and Yannakakis have shown that it is possible to approximate the TSP problem 1 in polynomial time within accuracy . This guarantee has been further improved by Bläser and Shankar Ram to . However, no matter how good those results are, they are still approximations, and not an optimal solution. Thus, option 1 is incorrect.
The DP algorithm doesn’t make any assumptions on the edge costs, so option 2 is incorrect.
If all edge weights are negative, then deleting a vertex and all of its incident edges can certainly increase the minimum sum because in effect, that edge weight is now added to the previous minimum. Thus, option 3 is incorrect.
Take the optimal tour in the original instance. Now, instead of visiting the deleted vertex , skip straight from ‘s predecessor to its successor on the tour. Because Euclidean distance satisfies the Triangle Inequality, this shortcut only decreases the overall distance traveled. The best tour can of course only be better. Thus, option 4 is correct.
Let TSP1 denote the following problem: given a TSP instance in which all edge costs are positive integers, compute the value of an optimal TSP tour. Let TSP2 denote: given a TSP instance in which all edge costs are positive integers, and a positive integer T, decide whether or not there is a TSP tour with total length at most T. Let HAM1 denote: given an undirected graph, either return the edges of a Hamiltonian cycle (a cycle that visits every vertex exactly once), or correctly decide that the graph has no such cycle. Let HAM2 denote: given an undirected graph, decide whether or not the graph contains at least one Hamiltonian cycle.
If TSP2 is polynomial-time solvable, then so is TSP1. If HAM2 is polynomial-time solvable, then so is HAM1.
Polynomial-time solvability of TSP2 does not necessarily imply polynomial-time solvability of TSP1. Polynomial-time solvability of HAM2 does not necessarily imply polynomial-time solvability of HAM1.
If TSP2 is polynomial-time solvable, then so is TSP1. But, polynomial-time solvability of HAM2 does not necessarily imply polynomial-time solvability of HAM1.
Polynomial-time solvability of TSP2 does not necessarily imply polynomial-time solvability of TSP1. But, if HAM2 is polynomial-time solvable, then so is HAM1.
ANSWER: The decision problems are at least no harder than the corresponding optimization problems. For TSP2, we can increment T by one and check whether it’s “Yes” or “No” using the algorithm for TSP2. Another method is to double T every iteration initially and then do binary search once a boundary is found.
HAM2 can be reduced to TSA2 as follows: Construct a complete graph and can be done in polynomial-time.
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0.999983 |
How often do nets need to be replaced?
Nets need to be replaced depending upon multiple factors such as frequency of rain events and regulatory requirements. The main determining factor is how much debris accumulates in each occurrence. It is recommended that the system be inspected during the first year of operation to determine an accurate maintenance schedule. Manual monitoring and inspection can be circumvented by installing a Telnet monitoring system.
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0.962826 |
How to make a 3D print file from a paper working drawing.
I am wanting to make a print of a model steam locomotive wheel that I can use as a pattern for making sand castings for iron.
I have no experience at all of 3D printing but I do understand that it can be used very successfully for this type of process.
I need the attached drawings made into a print to enable me to pattern this is sand casting iron. Where do I start as I have no idea of the software required.
Thankyou all for your help in advance.
I don't see the attachment. If you put them up, I can make you a CAD file easily.
You could try to search thingiverse.com and other sites for a locomotive wheel .stl file to see if someone already created a suitable model to work off of. You can modify/resize the model in Tinkercad - a free online modeling software to use. You can then send the model to any of the many 3D print services to get made. Good luck.
Your going to need a 3D CAD drawing nso you can produce an STL file can be output for the 3 D printer.
Assuming your not going to buy a printer for one job, you should look at your selected print shop for information as to what files format they can handle.
For something as simple as a wheel you could make a pattern from wood or even stacked card.
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0.998859 |
In the Universe? I doubt it. The odds are there are other planets with life and probably even technology.
It's unclear to me how the title of the article relates to its content.
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0.998937 |
They ship quick and ship right stuff. No need to mess around calling about your order asking where it is, etc like if buy from many other companies. Send you tracking via email. Send email when they charge you cc. They did everything right with my 2 orders with them.
Did everything right. Easy Order. Quick Ship. Correct Items. Good Price.
Smooth ordering process and they shipped the right equipment.
Good Website nd easy to find right product and to order it. Good emails for status. Shipped fast.
Ordered a video card from a different online store. Packing of the product was awful. Was all shifting around in the box. Packing is NOT handled by the shipping company. The shipping company ships, not packs. This is why I will stick with Newegg.com Never had had a problem. Pay for quality, not for quantity.
Been using Newegg.com for years. Never have had a problem or issue with them. Wide variety of products. One can find any computer component. Products are shipped from locations nationwide. Multiple payment and shipping options. I will be using them for years to come.
I'm not sure what problems the two previous reviewers had specifically with Newegg. Keep in mind that Pricewatch is a web scraper, meaning they do their best to interpret items on other websites and translate it into their searchable index across all their vendors. Things often aren't what they seem on Pricewatch after clicking through to a vendor's website -- that's to say, it's not the vendor's fault. That said, I've been nothing but happy with everything I have ever bought through Newegg over the last 7 years -- two whole PC builds and a tablet or camera or two. I once complained to them about a company not honoring a rebate after sending everything in correctly; Newegg immediately credited me the rebate directly. Not their problem at all. So, because of that and the quality of their review system and sales, I keep coming back. TL;DR - Newegg is great and don't give much credit to the previous negative reviews.
Bait and switch! listed for 12.99 + 299 shipping = 15.98 But even the link totals out to $21 (1599 for the product 499 shipping!!!) Cheaters!
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0.999589 |
Skateboarding is one of the most exciting, fun and enjoyable recreational activities today. Aside from these, some people even consider it a method of transportation, a form of art and even an occupation. Today, even young individuals involved in the game earn millions through sponsorships. Based on the reports released by American Sports Data in 2002, the number of skateboarders from all parts of the world is approximately 18.5 million. Aside from these things, it is nice to look back at the history of this widely popular activity including who invented skateboarding.
Who invented skateboarding? This recreational activity started sometime in between the latter years of the 1940s and the early parts of the 1950s. Surfers from California decided to invent something fun, challenging and exciting to do especially when the waves were not that good. The early forms of skateboard were made from boards and wooden boxes. Underneath, they attached roller skate wheels. From boxes, early skateboarders tried to use planks. Thereafter, they manufacturers started to create pressed layers of wood, which were very similar to the decks of modern-day skateboards.
In the early parts of the 1970s, Frank Nasworthy developed polyurethane skateboard wheels. Released sometime in 1972, these wheels offered superior performance and better traction compared to the earlier forms of the skateboard. The 1980s were focused on vert ramp skateboarding. Skaters started to perform on vertical ramps, where they executed moves like the grabbed aerial developed by Tony Alva and George Orton. Likewise, they were able to do the no-hands aerial, which was developed by Alan Gelfrand in 1976 and later became known as the Ollie.
In the 1990s, the focus shifted to street skateboarding. The average size of skateboards during this time was 30 to 32 inches long and 7¼ to 8 inches wide. Tricks were easier to perform, thanks to major advancements like lighter boards and smaller wheels. In 2004, skateboarding companies instituted the Go Skateboarding Day, which is held annually every 21st day of June. This event helped promote the game even more.
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0.999818 |
The character of garden vegetables has been altered since the early 1800's due to the technology of commercial production, the tastes of the consumer public, and even the function of the vegetable itself. Some of the variations that distinguish modern varieties from their nineteenth-century parents include insect and disease resistance, a fruit suitable for shipping, compact plants, more consistent harvesting dates, and more cosmetically pleasing fruits.
Most vegetable species are annuals and thus are lost easily if seed collection is neglected. Names have been changed for commercial purposes. Jefferson often listed varieties according to the person from whom he received the seed ("Leitch's pea"), its place of origin ("Tuscan bean"), or else he noted a physical characteristic such as color ("yellow carrot") or season of harvest ("Forward pea"). "Leitch's pea" is not only unavailable from commercial sources today, but there is no description of its qualities in the garden literature of the last two centuries. The collection of Jefferson's 250 vegetable varieties is a complex challenge. In many cases, the varieties planted in the garden today were known in the nineteenth century, and serve as substitutes for the originals grown by Jefferson.
A major influence on Jefferson's gardening practices was Bernard McMahon, a Philadelphia nurseryman and author of The American Gardener's Calendar, the most complete American work on horticulture in the first half of the nineteenth century. McMahon's book provides directions for manuring the garden, interplanting lettuce and radishes, cultivating unusual vegetables such as tomatoes and sea kale, and planting cucumbers in hogsheads. These practices were duplicated carefully in the garden at Monticello. McMahon also sent Jefferson important vegetable varieties such as the Leadman's Dwarf pea, the Egyptian onion, Early York and Sugarloaf cabbage, red celery, and red globe artichoke.
"We will try this winter to cover our garden with a heavy coating of manure. When earth is rich it bids defiance to droughts, yields in abundance, and of the best quality. I suspect that the insects which have harassed you have been encouraged by the feebleness of your plants; and that has been produced by the lean state of the soil. We will attack them another year with joint efforts."
How much manure Jefferson spread himself is a matter of speculation; however, in his daily attention to details in the garden as evidenced by the "Garden Kalendar" suggests that he was at hand, perhaps directing the work. Jefferson's slave Isaac recalled that "For amusement he [Jefferson] would work sometimes in the garden for half an hour in right good earnest in the cool of the evening."
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0.969106 |
Best places to visit in Great Britain and Scotland, you start in London (or mybe in Edinburgh, touring vice versa) going via Stonehenge and Bath through the Cotswolds up to Straford-upon-Avon. Heading north through the Lake District up to Glasgow, exploring Oban and the Isle of Skye, discover Inverness and the Scottish Highlands ending up in wonderful Edinburgh. Experience the most famous places in the UK on these road trips in England and Scotland.
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument, usually of religious significance. Woodhenge, the neolithic precursor of Stonehenge, had six concentric rings of timber posts, surrounded by a ditch. The holes marking the site are now marked by concrete posts. At Stonehenge huge stones 15 to 20 feet (4.5 to 6m) high have been the subject of enormous speculation. Is it a temple for Romans or Druids? How were 26-ton stones brought here? One thing is certain - the axis is aligned with the midwinter and midsummer sun; perhaps this revered monument is a giant calendar.
Chipping Campden, wool made this town rich, and it retains a wealth of beautiful architecture. The Jacobean Market Hall in the High Street was built 1627, and the Woolstaplers' Hall is now the town museum. The Church of St James is one of the most splendid Cotswold churches. Stratford-upon-Avon has retained its role as a market town despite being one of the world's most famous tourist centers. Shakespeare's Birthplace in Henley Street is now a museum and contains exhibits about the poet's life. Stratford is full of interesting places to visit, including the Royal Shakespeare Company Gallery and the World of Shakespeare.
The Lake District, called a "miniature Switzerland", is actually quite small, measuring about 35 miles wide. Most of the district is in Cumbria, although it begins in the northern part of Lancashire. Driving in the wilds of this picturesque shire is fine for a start, but the best way to take in its beauty is by walking - an art best practiced here with a crooked stick. Windermere is the best center for exploring the Lake District. Not only will you be located beside one of Britain's most beautiful lakes, you can use it as a base for excursions, including Rydal Mount, former home of William Wordsworth, and Brantwood, home of John Ruskin, that towering figure of the Victorian Age.
Glasgow, the grand country houses designed in Scots baronial style and the distinctive cottages of farmer and fisherman all display a very Scottish flavor.
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0.999997 |
When a recursively-indexed directory contains any of the files specified by /org/freedesktop/tracker/miner/files/ignored-directories-with-content (such as .trackerignoreor .git), any files & directories created in that directory will still get recursively indexed. However, when hard-resetting Tracker and restarting it, those files do not get indexed, as expected.
In other words, the issue is that when files/folders are created in a location below a recursively-indexed directory, those items will be indexed even if that location had been marked as one to not index via the presence of a ignored-directories-with-content file.
I encountered this bug earlier today when my computer spent 100% CPU on Tracker after compiling a project that I cloned from Github. By default, .git is one of the files that should stop Tracker from indexing a directory, so the project folder should not have been indexed, but it was anyways. This means that the common scenario of cloning a large git repo may make Tracker work very hard (if the project is large enough, or if compiled files are placed in the project directory), even though Tracker shouldn't do anything at all.
Make sure that ~/Documents is a recursively-indexed folder (it is by default).
In that folder, create a file named .trackerignore.
In that same folder, create a text file named cant_find_me.txt.
After a few seconds, run tracker info cant_find_me.txt.
Actual results: tracker info will return information for that file, indicating that it was indexed.
Expected results: tracker info should return no information, indicating that the file was not indexed.
When a recursively-indexed directory contains any of the files specified by `/org/freedesktop/tracker/miner/files/ignored-directories-with-content` (such as `.trackerignore `or `.git`), any files & directories created in that directory will still get recursively indexed. However, when hard-resetting Tracker and restarting it, those files do not get indexed, as expected. In other words, the issue is that when files/folders are created in a location below a recursively-indexed directory, those items will be indexed even if that location had been marked as one to not index via the presence of a `ignored-directories-with-content` file. I encountered this bug earlier today when my computer spent 100% CPU on Tracker after compiling a project that I cloned from Github. By default, `.git` is one of the files that should stop Tracker from indexing a directory, so the project folder should not have been indexed, but it was anyways. This means that the common scenario of cloning a large git repo may make Tracker work very hard (if the project is large enough, or if compiled files are placed in the project directory), even though Tracker shouldn't do anything at all. Steps to reproduce: * Make sure that `~/Documents` is a recursively-indexed folder (it is by default). * Create a folder `~/Documents/extra`. * In that folder, create a file named `.trackerignore`. * In that same folder, create a text file named `cant_find_me.txt`. * After a few seconds, run `tracker info cant_find_me.txt`. Actual results: `tracker info` will return information for that file, indicating that it was indexed. Expected results: `tracker info` should return no information, indicating that the file was not indexed.
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0.99863 |
Tom Steyer spent $87 million on the 2016 elections, and all he got was a Trump administration full of nominees he opposes.
The liberal billionaire, who funded Democratic campaigns across the country and ballot measures in his home state of California, said in an interview he intends to remain involved in politics now that President Donald Trump Donald John TrumpButtigieg on Mueller report: 'Politically, I'm not sure it will change much' Sarah Sanders addresses false statements detailed in Mueller report: 'A slip of the tongue' Trump to visit Japan in May to meet with Abe, new emperor MORE has taken office.
He said he still believes most voters agree with Democratic ideals, though the party didn’t effectively convey them in November.
“I think there’s no doubt that we reflect the will of the people to an overwhelming extent. I don’t think we were successful in conveying the spirit behind those policies, and I don’t think we were successful in transmitting the urgency behind those policies,” Steyer told The Hill.
While the economy added millions of jobs under former President Barack Obama Barack Hussein ObamaAir Force Academy will no longer allow transgender students to enroll The very early, boring Democratic primary: Biden v. Bernie Senate needs to stand up to Trump's Nixonian view of the Fed MORE, the recovery from the worst recession since the Great Depression brought with it stagnant wage growth. Steyer said that drove voters away from Democrats, who shepherded the slow-growth economy during Obama’s eight years in office.
“This election was not about jobs, in my opinion. It was about pay,” Steyer said.
Now, as Trump gets comfortable in the West Wing, Steyer is considering how best to use his money and the nascent political organization he has built.
Many Democrats in California expected Steyer to launch his own bid for elected office after November’s election, most likely by running to replace term-limited Gov. Jerry Brown (D). But Steyer, who is close to several other candidates already running for governor or contemplating bids behind the scenes, said the election results made him think twice.
He had expected to make a decision about whether to run for governor, he said, in a world in which Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham ClintonClinton campaign chief: Mueller report 'lays out a devastating case' against Trump Hillicon Valley: Cyber, tech takeaways from Mueller report | Millions of Instagram passwords exposed internally by Facebook | DHS unrolling facial recognition tech in airports | Uber unveils new safety measures after student's killing Heavily redacted Mueller report leaves major questions unanswered MORE had taken the presidential oath of office, not Trump.
Those actions, most notably a focus on combating climate change, will come through Steyer’s NextGen Climate Action group, which has funded advertisements and built a field team since 2012. The group says it knocked on ten million doors and established presences on 370 college campuses last year.
“We’re going to continue that effort,” Steyer said of NextGen.
Steyer said climate change issues can appeal to middle-class Americans, but only if those issues are cast as an economic appeal.
Steyer also helped bankroll a ballot measure raising taxes on cigarettes in California, and appeared in television advertisements touting the measure — a signal most observers interpreted as a way to raise his profile ahead of a gubernatorial bid.
But after voters spurned Democrats in 2016, the gubernatorial bid looks less likely — or at least less certain.
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0.999706 |
As you may know, we will be appearing at 7pm Chicago time, on the primary local PBS station, WTTW on the program "Chicago Tonight". In a bid to get some research together before our appearance, I've started looking into some of the statistics behind Darfur, with mixed success.
Gathering statistics about Darfur has been a very difficult problem, owing to poor record keeping, lack of civil society, and ongoing insecurity problems. To some extent, this vagueness has made it a bit more difficult to provide a meaningful basis for discussion of the effectiveness of the government of Sudan in their ethnic cleansing campaign in Darfur over the last four years. These numbers are most certainly approximate, and are intended to be illustrative.
Thus, in the interests of trying to give a sense of scale to the situation in Darfur, I have put together some rough comparisons of the Chicago metro area and the populations affected by the Darfur conflict. For a baseline, the Chicago urban area (more properly called Chicago-Aurora-Elgin-Joliet-Waukegan, IL-IN area) had a total 2000 census population of 8,307,904, versus an estimated population in Darfur of 7.4 million.
To date, the campaigns undertaken by the Sudanese government have accounted for about one in five of the world's "Internally Displaced Persons" - those who have been driven from their homes, most often due to conflict, but have not been able to escape to other countries. Of the roughly 5.5 million people driven from their homes in Sudan, a bit more than half are refugees directly associated with the ethnic cleansing campaign in Darfur. The approximately 3 million people who have had their homes destroyed or have been forced in to relocation camps due to ongoing violence compares with the entire population of Chicago at 2,842,518.
The total number of people killed in the genocide thus far has been estimated at 400,000 to 450,000. However, these numbers date back to about April of 2006. As 10,000-15,000 people are killed each month, current totals may range from 480,000 to a worst-case scenario of 570,000. These numbers are roughly comparable to the population of New Orleans (454,863) or Washington DC (550,521).
Below the fold is a place-by-place comparison of the population of the Chicago metro area and those who have been directly affected by the actions of the Sudanese government in Darfur.
who have fled Darfur, seeking refuge, following the destruction of their homes or other calamities. The population of Chadian ARPs has not been included, as I have not been able to find pertinent statistics. A good map of camp locations in Sudan can be found here.
In the interests of space and relevance, locations with less than 3,000 people are not listed. For sake of comparison, U.S. fatalities in Iraq have just reached 3,000, while 2,819 perished in the attacks of 9/11.
Locations in Africa are listed in bold.
Good to see you made it back in one piece!
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0.999981 |
Can using a credit card work to purchase one or multiple homes? I assume you have to work on the the cash flow analysis to reveal the answer. But i am pretty sure you have done this allready.
The 20 % down eats up a persons ability to purchase almost immediately.
I have a lot of room on credit cards, thus posing the question.
The Canadian Banks will usually want to see where you're getting your down payment money from. So you need to prove that you have the money somewhere other than your credit cards.
Your best be is working with a mortgage broker because they'll outline all the requirements for you. The banks are constantly changing their mortgage requirements so a good broker can you tell you which bank is request what.
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Chemtrail impact in California Chemtrail impact in California Do you want to know about the impact that chemtrails are having? I highly recommend this four part series about a part of California. Here is my quick summary.
1) Solar panel electricity output is down by 50-60 percent.
2) 48 rainwater tests showing aluminum content went from 7 parts per billion to 3450 parts per billion. An increase of 49,186 percent.
3) Fir tree die off.
4) Salmon spawning down from 160,000 in the local tributaries, to 8,000 a 95 percent crash.
5) 80 percent of amphibians gone.
6) Forest floor soil PH went from 5.5 – where it keeps various things harmful to trees in check, to 7.0 neutral.
7) White nose syndrome Has killed off 90-100 percent of the bats in at least 10 states. Oxidized aluminum is white, just like the fake clouds.
9) Local potato harvest down 80 percent.
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Does missing my plane mean that I got my risk assessment wrong?
I smiled but did not respond. However, as he was saying this (and indeed well before in anticipation), the following thoughts went through my head: First, the reason that I planned to take the last plane was that the client was particularly unwilling to pay my normal charge out rate, and after protracted negotiations we had just about come to a satisfactory solution. As a result to make the whole situation worthwhile, I had to do a full day’s chargeable work on the day before visiting the client. Second, in any case the only way of guaranteeing with close to 100% certainty that I would have been at the meeting would have been to take a flight two days earlier, and lose even more productive work time. Third, the client and I had prepared well for the meeting in advance, and he was well able to represent our joint project to his colleagues without my presence.
In other words, risk management is not really about risk elimination at all costs, but rather about balancing the costs of risk mitigation (e.g. high cost associated with travelling to a meeting two days early) with the consequences if risks materialise (costs associated with my not being at the meeting). Effective risk management is about finding the optimal balance between these. Even if all risks could be eliminated, generally doing so would be too costly.
In many everyday situations, we already optimise our actions to reflect this balance. When crossing the road, we look both ways, perhaps several times (an action which costs little but reduces the probability of an accident), but we do not build a bridge (an action that could eliminate the risk, but only at great cost). We intuitively find the optimum point and accept residual risk. More formally one can approach optimisation problems by building quantitative risk models (e.g. using Monte Carlo simulation or decision tree analysis). Often such analysis is most easily implemented by the use of risk software such as @RISK, PrecisionTree or RISKOptimizer (which uses a genetic algorithm to optimise within the context of a Monte Carlo simulation).
The topic of residual risk (and optimisation) is an interesting one, as it does pose challenges from a communication perspective. Management may wish rather to hear that all risks have been eliminated (rather than their being a residual which is too costly to eliminate). In addition, the notion of an optimum does open the discussion of which criteria are used to assess that (e.g. maximising the total average profit after including the cost of risk mitigation measures, or minimising the losses in the worst 10% of cases etc.). In more complex cases (such as in some agricultural, veterinary, or environmental risk analysis situations), the costs of risk mitigation and the benefits associated with this are borne by different parties. Such externalities can make an appropriate assessment even more complex; perhaps there will be more on this in a later blog.
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The BASES conference 2018 took place on 27-28 November at Harrogate Convention Centre.
Thanks to my supervisors Professor McConnell, Dr Gavin and Professor Wainwright and with the support from Bournemouth University I had the possibility to present my research titled: The effects of 8 weeks of inspiratory muscle training on the balance of healthy older people: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Figure 1.
You can now read what happened and look at the media from the conference clicking the twitter button right below.
Personally, I found extremely interesting the talk of Professor Steven N Blair, Professor Ken Fox and Professor John Buckley (Figure 2).
They explained, thought direct experiences, how sports science has evolved and what we (including physiologists, kinesiologists, strength and conditioning coaches) should consider when developing research proposals. One of the many take-home points was that sports science is today considered science for/of health and that is crucial to seek collaboration between researchers and the community. Paraphrasing a famous quote from J.R.R. Tolkien, it is from the ordinary folks that research questions arise.
Professor Steven N Blair, Professor Ken Fox and Professor John Buckley discussing the past, the present and the future of sports science.
Concluding, it was a motivating experience, and I was pleased to receive many questions about my research. Definitely, a conference worth to consider also for the next year.
Follow up with the oral presentations and free communications. I found particular interest in the research of Mr Chynkiamis on the effect of VitaBREATHE on exercise tolerance in COPD patients and in the feasibility study of Miss Thomas on the effect of 10 weeks postural stability exercise on balance in elderly care homes residents. I am glad that I had the chance to discuss with Miss Thomas part of the outcomes and the methods she used for my undergoing research on falls prevention.
Later in the afternoon, I had the opportunity to talk more about inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with Mr Hopkins and Mr Gibb who are looking at the effect of IMT on time trial performance in trained cyclists.
After, the workshop “psychological challenges for physical activity uptake” by Dr Melissa Fothergill intrigued me as I believe it is a crucial matter of discussion, especially if working with frail populations.
The final motivational lecture titled “creating your future” by Dr Steve Ingham closed the 2018 BASES student conference with tips and advice on how to progress in the sport science carriers.
Concluding, it was a great experience as not only I had the chance to improve my network and meet peers with a similar background as mine but most important because in these two days I had increased my awareness and motivations.
A special thanks go to my supervisors Professor Alison McConnell, Dr James Gavin and Professor Tom Wainwright who pointed me at this event.
The conference is now over, and by the time you read this post, I will be already on my way back to Bournemouth.
I would like to thank Davon, Sacha and all the BU staff for this interview, it was great, and I really hope that helps to have more people involved in public engagement activities.
Following the full script of the interview.
My name is Francesco Ferraro, and I am a PhD Student here at Bournemouth University. Currently, I am working on a project which aims to understand the effects of inspiratory muscles training on balance and functional mobility for healthy older adults. The goal is to develop an innovative and effective training for falls prevention.
Before arriving here at BU, I obtained a Bachelor Degree in sports science from University of Rome Foro Italico while in the meantime I was working as a football coach and after I moved to Naples for complete my Master Degree in sports science prevention and wellness. There I worked on motion analysis in young adults, while in the meantime I was a trainer of the Italian Federation of Weightlifting.
Could you tell us your favourite public engagement opportunity at BU?
It is hard to tell, I have enjoyed all the events in which I took part including Pint of Science, Café Scientific, The Festival of Learning, lecturing at University of Third Age and others.I gained something from each of them, and I gave something at each of them. But if I have to pick one, and only one I would say the Festival of Learning. Among all the events FOL is the one who gives you the opportunity to meet all kind of people.
You have the opportunity to explain your research to a very young audience, as well as people with excellent knowledge in your field, while surrounded by members of the BU Staff, BU students and colleagues that are there to help you and motived you.
Why do you find public engagement a good asset to both your research and the community?
My study aims to understand the effect of inspiratory muscle training on balance and functional mobility. My final purpose is to develop a strategy to prevent falls accidents in people over 65.
Therefore it is a research for the community as any other research, especially in health and social science, is done for the people. Hence what would be the point to work for the community and do not explain to them what you are doing? As researchers we have the opportunity to share with others much more than a picture on Twitter, or Instagram, we have the opportunity to share knowledge, ideas and instead of likes, we will have more questions, more curiosity and the chance to give to the audience our ideas.
At Café Scientifique, the public was really engaging in the fact your research was trying to better the wellbeing of the older generation. Why do you think people are so engaged in your research?
At Café Scientifique I was able to give to them my idea. Instead of explaining right away what my research does I told them the idea behind it and why is important to research on it. The reason why we had a great respond must be sought in my past years of work in the public engagement.
Any research is fascinating in is way, but is crucial to share it with others, not only peers and experts but also with the people for which the research is done.
You use your public engagement to advertise the need for participants in your current research, is this an effective way of getting the participants you need?
Yes, it is. But it is not the reason why I do public engagement. I have been introduced to public engagement by my supervisors: Alison McConnell, James Gavin and Thomas Wainwright with the aim to share what learned and discuss it with others.
If you were to advice new researchers about public engagement, what would you say to them?
Do it if you want to do it.
Public engagement is not easy especially if you do it because you “have to”. Do it if you want to share your research if you want to challenge yourself, if you want to meet the community then you will make a great event. You must have the right motivation if you do it just to “hunting” participants it won’t be neither correct or fun, and people will understand, with the result that you and your research will lose trust.
What do you gain most from public engagement?
Motivation – to work more for the community, to help people to learn and understand what we are doing here at the BU and how it helps their wellbeing.
Confidence – have the opportunity to talk to 50, 100 or even 200 people at each event, has grown my confidence inside and outside the University.
Knowledge – I do believe that everyone has a story to tell and you can learn a lot from it. I am always surprised at the questions that I receive.
People curiosity drives my curiosity as well and helps me to think and re-think at my research.
I do have a couple of projects going on, but I will take part in the next Festival of Learning (third year in a row), and I will see what other opportunities the public engagement team will give to us.
Increasing publication impact – Using social media, e.g. Twitter, blogs, YouTube, social networking, etc.
Twitter – Twitter is a micro-blogging service that enables its users to send and read messages known as ‘tweets’. Academics are increasingly promoting their research papers via Twitter, which are then picked up by other researchers and practitioners. Senders can restrict delivery to those in their circle of friends or, by default, allow open access. Twitter allows you to set up search terms to enable you to monitor what is being talked about in your areas of interest. You can then comment on the relevant conversations. The more you engage, the more people will follow you to listen to your comments and recommendations. As followers come to you, rather than you approaching them, Twitter is an ideal way to reach new audiences.
Research indicates that highly tweeted articles were 11 times more likely to be highly cited than less-tweeted articles. Top-cited articles can be predicted from top-tweeted articles, with 93% specificity and 75% sensitivity (Eysenbach, 2011).
Blogs – Academics who blog about their research regularly report positive outcomes, such as networking and collaboration, finding new audiences and opportunities, disseminating research more widely, increasing citations and downloads, and building reputation. Bloggers argue that far from diluting scholarly success (as has been suggested by some academics), online writing can be a serious tool for academic practice. Blogging should be seen as part of a programme of dissemination and collaboration, and is best used alongside traditional academic outlets (such as journals) as a means of amplifying the reach, and potentially the significance and future direction, of the research. Research indicates that blogging about a research paper causes a large increase in the number of abstract views and downloads in the same month (McKenzie and Ozler, 2011).
Your area of research and papers that you have published – and/or other related papers in your field of research. Link to the full-text article/DOI for maximum impact.
Conferences and training events that you’re due to speak at.
Your last conference – were there any interesting questions that came up?
Your opinions about any recent press coverage of your subject area.
You can also ask your colleagues and co-researchers to add posts to the Blog and comment on your own posts to stimulate debate.
All staff at BU can have access to add their own posts to the Research Blog. Just email me and I will set you up with access.
Join academic social networking sites – Academics are increasingly using social networking sites to meet and converse with people who share similar research interests. Examples include: MyNetResearch, Academia and Academici. On these sites you can see what other people are discussing and what issues are pertinent in your field of research. If you have undertaken research in these areas then you can contribute and share your research findings, which in turn should increase the citations/downloads of your work.
Sharing research with the world is becoming ever-more important with the new criteria in REF. When trying to reach large audiences, Twitter is a must-use tool – a shared (“retweeted”) message in Twitter reaches an average audience of over 1,000 people.
To help you share and develop your research using Twitter, BU is hosting workshops on how to use and make the most of the tool.
Even if you’ve never used Twitter before, attend one of these sessions to learn how to create your account with an enticing profile, compose engaging messages (“tweets”), interact with academics, businesses and organisations in your field and sow the seeds of impact for REF assessment using Twitter.
Register for your place on one of the workshops here.
Master the art of using Twitter to enhance your research profile, impact and visibility!
Those of you who are regular visitors to the Blog will be aware that we regularly promote the benefits to academics of using social media channels, such as Twitter (read our previous Twitter posts here).
The Training Gateway are hosting a ‘Twitter Made Simple’ workshop in London on 14 June to help those new to Twitter to master the art!
The Research Development Unit has funding available if you would like to attend. Please contact Julie Northam if you are interested.
It’s a long way in place and time from October 2010 in the Media School to March 2012 at the International Public Relations Research Conference at the University of Miami in sunny Florida. That’s the journey that BAPR graduate Lauren Willmott has taken from first thoughts on her dissertation to presenting the results at the conference, along with academics and practitioners from 24 countries and over 100 other papers.
Lauren’s research on the use of Twitter as a crisis communication tactic was supervised by Prof Tom Watson. It reviewed two transport crises in 2009 and 2010 and investigated the role and usage of the 140-character medium in keeping passengers, their families and the media abreast of the news.
The investigation won her the Wessex CIPR award for the best public relations dissertation and also helped Lauren gain a position at the leading international PR consultancy A&REdelman in London where she works on Olympics-linked accounts. The firm also sponsored her attendance at the conference.
“Lauren’s achievement in presenting her paper at this high international level shows that BU students, with supportive supervision, can share the stage with the best researchers. It’s been a rewarding experience for everyone involved,” said Prof Watson.
Twitter has a lot to offer academics!
We’ve previously added posts about the benefits of using Twitter in academia (you can read theme here: Twitter posts). A recent post by Mark Carrigan on the LSE’s Impact of Social Sciences Blog outlines what academics can get out of using Twitter and why the academic twittersphere is no different from presenting to an audience.
Academics all over the world are turning to Twitter to support their research and are finding the service extremely useful. Read Mark’s full story and our previous Twitter posts to find out how to start using Twitter, meeting new people, estblishing / joining networks, promoting your research and increasing its visibility, and keeping ahead of the game.
If any of you are already using Twitter to enhance your research and knowledge exchange activities, we’d love you to share your experiences with your colleagues via the Blog!
Back in August, Susan added a post to the Blog on using Twitter (Get tweeing: how to make an impact with Twitter) which listed a number of excellent tips for using Twitter to make an impact in academia. Following on from this, the LSE’s Impact of Social Sciences Blog has listed a number of things you can do when using Twitter to promote your research.
1. Tweet about each new publication, website update or new blog that the project completes. To gauge feedback, you could send a tweet that links to your research blog and ask your followers for their feedback and comments.
2. For tweeting to work well, always make sure that an open-web full version or summary of every publication, conference presentation or talk at an event is available online. Summarize every article published in closed-web journal on a blog, or lodge a full-text version or an extended summary on BURO, our institutional repository. In addition, sites like www.scribd.com are useful for depositing open web versions.
3. Tweet about new developments of interest from the project’s point of view, for instance, relevant government policy changes, think tank reports, or journal articles.
4. Use hashtags (#) to make your materials more visible – e.g. #phdchat. Don’t be afraid to start your own.
5. Use your tweets to cover developments at other related research sites, retweeting interesting new material that they produce. This may appear to some as ‘helping the competition’, but in most research areas the key problem is to get more attention for the area as a whole. Building up a Twitter network of reciprocating research projects can help everyone to keep up to date more easily, improve the standard and pace of debate, and so attract more attention (and funding) into the research area.
6. Twitter provides many opportunities for ‘crowd sourcing’ research activities across the sciences, social sciences, history and literature – by getting people to help with gathering information, making observations, undertaking data analysis, transcribing and editing documents – all done just for the love of it. Some researchers have also used Twitter to help ‘crowdsource’ research funding from interested public bodies.
7. Reaching out to external audiences is something that Twitter is exceptionally good for. Making links with practitioners in business, government, and public policy can happen easily. Twitter’s brevity, accessibility and immediacy are all very appealing to non-academics. At the end of each month, Twitter can be used as a painless metric to assess how your tweeting is working for you and your project.
Share posts from the Blog!
If you’d like to share any of the posts on the Blog with colleagues, friends, the public, you can do this quickly and easily via Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, email (plus many more!) using the Share This function at the end of each Blog post.
Sharing posts this way helps to promote the excellent work going on at BU and can also help you to establish networks with likeminded people.
Researchers, Mark Reed and Anna Evely from one of the LWEC accredited Rural Economy and Land Use projects have produced a clear “top tips” guide to twitter for academic staff. Although based on their own experiences on the Sustainable Learning and Uplands Project and intended to help other academics to disseminate their work, the “Twitter Tips” guide could be used by anyone.
A Twitter account set up for specific research projects can be an excellent way to disseminate your research findings further afield than just the academic community, however using twitter well is a skill that needs to be developed. This is a really simple 12 page guide to using Twitter in an effective way.
Every time you do a conference/workshop/seminar presentation, put your slides online (e.g. using SlideShare) and tweet them.
Contact relevant people with large followings to ask if they can re-tweet key messages you’ve sent – tweet or Direct Message them via Twitter.
If someone gave you the information credit him or her with it, either by using @person1 (if they are a twitter user) or as a quote in text.
Get to know when your followers are most likely to read your tweets – most academics who use Twitter for work purposes only tweet 8-5 pm Monday-Friday.
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Translation:The handsome boy is Russian.
Because it has other conotations.
Handsome and beautiful do not mean the same thing. This sentence should be accepted as "The beautiful boy is Russian."
Handsome would be better translated into Romanian by "chipeș "
Beautiful is feminine grammatically, handsome is masculine.
In English there are no "gramatically feminine or masculine" words.
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To subtract a monomial from another of the same variables just subtract the coefficients. Only two like monomials can be subtracted from each other.
By subtracting 3x from 4x, we get (4-3)x=x.
By subtracting 3xy from 2xy, we get (2-3)xy=-xy.
By subtracting bx from ax, we get ax-bx=(a-b)x.
Monomials can be subtracted only if they have the same variables with identical powers.
If there are n choices for one type and m choices for second type, then number of combinations for both types is the product of choices:n*m.
If there are 3 kinds of breads to choose from and 4 kinds of meats, then we can make 3*4=12 different sandwiches.
If an alphabet has 26 letters, then the number of possible 2 letter word is 26*26=676.All of them may not be vaild words.
Do not add the choices to get the total combinations.
The product rule can be applied to more than two types of choices: if there are 3 kinds of breads, 4 kinds of meats, and 6 kinds of cheeses, then we can make 3*4*6=72 different sandwiches.
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Helene Mayer was Germany's only known Jewish member of its Olympic national team in the 1936 Summer Games in Berlin. The fencer competed in what derisively came to be called "Hitler's Games," for German chancellor Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party commandeered this particular Olympiad and refashioned it into a blatant display of nationalist propaganda. Germany had recently stripped its large Jewish population of citizenship, and Mayer was initially one of several talented Jewish athletes ejected from official sporting organizations. International pressure forced Germany Olympic officials to allow Mayer, who had won a gold medal in her sport eight years earlier, to compete.
Mayer was born in 1910 in Offenbach, a town near Frankfurt am Main in central Germany. Only one parent—her father, Dr. Ludwig Mayer—was Jewish, but this later classified Mayer as a "Mischling," or person of mixed blood, when Nazi Germany began enacting and enforcing anti-Semitic statutes in 1935. Mayer's father headed the sanitation department in Offenbach, where she grew up with two brothers. Her fencing career began at an early age and she soon proved to be a formidable opponent in this sport, which is known for its blend of athletic skill and nerve. She began competing in the women's foil class at the age of just 13 and proved a tremendous talent, winning the German national title in 1925. At 17, she took the gold medal at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam.
A celebrity in Germany, Mayer was regularly feted as one of the most impressive feminine competitors in the history of fencing. She continued to hold the women's national title in Germany, and in both 1929 and 1931 she took the women's world title in foil as well. She was deemed by the Times of London "admittedly the finest amateur swordswoman in the world." Mayer arrived in the United States in 1932 to compete in the Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, but fenced poorly and placed only fifth. Liking the area, however, she decided to stay. She enrolled in Scripps College in Claremont, California, and later entered the University of Southern California, where she took postgraduate courses in international law. By 1934, she had returned to top form and took the U.S. indoor women's title in foil.
During Mayer's absence, the fascist Nazi Party gained full political control of Germany, and the party's anti-Semitic political rhetoric quickly evolved into a series of repressive laws. The Nazis blamed Germany's Jewish population—many of whom were successful professionals, entrepreneurs, or artisans—for the economic woes that plagued the country after its defeat in World War I. In November of 1933 it was announced that Mayer had been expelled from her Offenbach Fencing Club. As its most famous member, the ejection was unusual, but even odder was the second official announcement that followed, which noted that Mayer would be allowed to keep her spot on the national federation.
In September of 1935, Germany enacted the Nuremberg Law, which revoked German citizenship for Jews and those with one Jewish parent, like Mayer. She remained in the United States, eventually finding a permanent job as a German instructor and fencing coach at an elite women's college, Mills College, in Oakland. As preparations were underway for Germany's first hosting of the Olympic Games in 1936, International Olympic Committee (IOC) members resisted Nazi-ordered attempts to turn the peacetime contest into a belligerent display of German superiority. At one point, Germany even tried to bar all Jewish athletes from competing; others protested so vehemently that there was a threat to remove the Games from Berlin altogether.
Pressured to allow Jewish athletes on their own national team, the Germans granted Mayer and a top women's track star, Gretel Bergmann, a place. Mayer was the sole Jewish athlete, however, to march in the opening ceremonies on August 1, 1936, at Berlin's new Olympic Stadium. Bergmann, who qualified for the high jump in trials, was told just days before the Games were to begin that Germany would use only two of its three allotted spots for the event and that she was being dropped from the team. The president of the Germany Olympic Committee, Captain Hans von Tschammer und Osten, claimed she Mayer was actually "Aryan," and with her blond hair, green eyes, and lithe height, she ironically exemplified a Nordic physique that the Nazis idealized.
In this era, women's Olympic fencing had just one event: the individual foil, and Mayer emerged as a frontrunner along with Ilona Schacherer-Elek of Hungary, who was also half-Jewish, and Austria's Ellen Preis, who had won the gold medal at the 1932 Games. The Berlin meets featured a new electronic-touch scoring apparatus, and in the trials Schacherer-Elek beat Mayer. Facing Preis in what Richard D. Mandell's The Nazi Olympics deemed "a contest that perhaps was the most dramatic fencing match of the age," Mayer parried and thrust into a three-draw score. Schacherer-Elek was awarded the gold medal, and Mayer's points earned her the silver. On the victory podium, she delivered the obligatory "Heil, Hitler" salute to the Fuehrer with her right arm, as the German athletes were compelled to do.
Mayer returned to California, joined the Los Angeles Fencing Club, and became a U.S. citizen. She won the U.S. women's national fencing title in 1937, and bested Schacherer-Elek that same year at the women's world championships in Paris. Mayer won the U.S. women's title five more times between 1939 and 1946. In 1952, she returned to Germany to become Baroness von Sonnenburg after her marriage to an engineer from Stuttgart. She died of cancer in October of 1953, and it was revealed that she had requested full German citizenship in exchange for competing for Germany in the 1936 Olympics.
Mayer endured some criticism for her participation in the "Nazi Olympics" from the American Jewish community, who felt that she served as Germany's token Jew. Her performance and silver medal—along with that of the first-place Schacherer-Elek, another "Mischling"—did serve to debunk Nazi claims of Aryan athletic superiority. Several other impressive feats during the Berlin Games also made a mockery of the racist atmosphere, most notably those of a black American, Jesse Owens, who set world records in the broad jump and 200-meter race. Other African Americans also had medal finishes, as did Jews and a slew of "non-Aryans" from around the globe. "The Olympics and sporting competitions," observed Mandell, "exist partly for this purpose."
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What do you do to relieve stress when you're on the road?
I take out my camera and begin shooting, looking for mountains and water whenever possible. Once the film is finished, I pop it in a prepaid mailer and send it off.
Nothing calms me down as effectively as tai chi exercises, which require little space, no special clothing, and zero equipment.
Aside from practicing deep breathing and yoga, there are three things that work for me. I buy all the local newspapers I can find, then bury my face and read. Second, I go to the nearest ice cream store, get a giant cone with everything on it, and window-shop. Third, if I'm near the ocean, I just walk and watch the waves.
Being in the music business, I always have a wide selection of CD's within arm's reach in my car. In lieu of scream therapy (which also has its benefits), I sing along to my favorite tracks at the top of my lungs, and any road-induced turmoil quickly ebbs.
I meditate, finding at least 15 minutes every day to sit quietly and get balanced through creative visualization and positive affirmations. It changes my perspective instantly and soothes my mind.
This holistic remedy for stress has worked for me for years: Locate the muscle in the web of skin between the thumb and index finger with the thumb and index finger of the other hand and firmly squeeze for ten seconds. Alternate between hands three times.
I always keep crossword puzzles with me. They've saved my sanity during many a road construction block and airport delay, and they're good exercise for the mind.
I do not let my husband drive.
What's the best beach in Europe?
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Here today, I had the opportunity to talk to on the phone.Wieters homered to back Roark, who went seven innings to win his third straight start, and the Nationals defeated the Cincinnati Reds 2 on .WASHINGTON – The Washington Nationals need starting pitchers beyond Scherzer to excel if they’re going to make a run at the Phillies and Braves the NL East.It’s been a big year for the Bryzzo Souvenir Co., who turn 20 a week after the draft, measured at 6-foot-9 barefoot at ‘s draft combine Chicago.
Trubisky now has 585 passing yards the last two after combining for 428 the previous three.We have both Dancer and Ambassador positions to fill on our Cody Latimer Womens Jersey team for the upcoming 2018 .With a quest for a national championship, likely participation the 2018 Olympics and a college degree serving as legitimate grounds for a return to Notre Dame, the issue was doubt for several months.– Cousins is about to become the highest-paid player NFL history, and we should know his decision days.
5 sacks for the defense.In this case, we fix spelling and punctuation.STALLINGS SALUTED Texas A&M honored Gene Stallings on the field the second quarter on Saturday as the Aggies celebrated the 50th anniversary of his 1967 team which won the Southwest Conference.
has missed 14 over the past two seasons, ending the year on injured reserve both times.They went into the match knowing the odds were stacked against them if they were to progress, but from the outset they looked fired up and ready to seize the chance should it come their way.The Bears led the league with 14 fumble recoveries.NEW ORLEANS — Grambling running back Martez was knocked out of the Bayou on Saturday night after suffering bruised ribs the second half.McLaren that Austria and Silverstone, the second two legs of F1’s unprecedented triple header, start to put the MCL33 back on the right path.
Those days are gone.Obviously selecting the official roster of 12 players for the Olympics 2016 be a very, very difficult process, said Colangelo.Despite his inconsistent postseason performance, Bogdanovic undeniably made strides his first Pacers , posting a career-high 14 points a game on a career-best 47 percent success rate from http://www.authenticavalanchejerseys.com/Authentic-Gabriel-Landeskog-Jersey the field, including 40 percent from three-point range.Before you can run, you have to first rebound, ‘s rebounds were key, said.
Obviously this was a one-year fix for the Broncos, who never intended on paying Okung the term without asking him to re-work the remaining stages of the deal.Clermont near their best win this one but who knows if the mountain men are ready to even make it past base camp?Oladipo hit a 3 at the horn and was immediately embraced by , who had never played a first-round Game 7 and was jeopardy of seeing eighth trip Gabriel Landeskog Authentic Jersey to the Finals end quickly.
For the second race a row, neither car start ‘s Chinese GP – underway at 7am, http://www.broncosauthenticsofficial.com/cody-latimer-jersey_c-496.html exclusively live on Sky Sports F1 – on the front row after losing out to rivals Vettel and Raikkonen Shanghai.
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I know Lisp and Haskell are logic and functional programming languages respectively, but what exactly does this mean? How do they differ from other languages? I've heard that learning these will make you a better programmer and improve your logic. Is this true, and if I go learning Lisp or Haskell to a competent level will my programming improve and will I be better at handling any problem in any language? I just wanted to know to see if they are worth the effort of learning. Also are these languages useful in areas such as GUI and graphics or are they just useful for console applications?
It is very much like learning math will improve your analytic skills and learning latin/classic literature will improve your writing skills.
People who designed those languages have thought hard about what does writing a program means. And those languages are the results of those researches.
That said, learning Java will also make you a better programmer. And learning C. The real benefits comes from learning languages with different philosophy. Then you can have your own opinion about the way a program should be written.
Lisp believes that syntax should be minimal, and that everything should be either a list or a primitive (Lisp stands for List Processing). Even programs are mainly list containing other lists and symbols. Lisp allows you to manipulate programs as list, and to generate new programs on the fly. Hence the whole code is data and data is code motto.
As you can see, the result is as terse as in DSL like mustache, but allows you to use the language features such as (for [x (range 1 4)] block). Even nicer, you have all the tools to abstract and structure your code.
In other languages, the syntax is more complex. You cannot read a Java program as a bunch of lists. But by using Lisp, you get a better idea about what an ideal interface should look like, and what in your code can be abstracted away as data. It also helps you to see your favorite language as a big data structure, and to better understand its semantics.
Haskell believes in strong static typing and purity. Pure functions are like mathematical functions: they are defined on a set of values, and map them on another set. Function don't have side effects, and values are immutable. Purity is interesting because it is not something a multi-paradigm language can have. A language is either pure or not.
One consequence is that you cannot perform IO action whenever you want (haskellers believes that this is a good thing). IO actions are defined as transactions, which are themselves pure values. The main value of a haskell program is a IO transaction executed when you run the program.
You have to deal explicitly with the data flow in your program. You cannot make two component communicate by writing & reading stuff in a global variable. You have to build and pass values.
The nice thing is that I don't need to explain what those function actually do: you already understand their behavior. What's more, functions with those signatures cannot really anything but compute the length of a list and map a transformation over a list.
In other typed languages, class hierarchies combined with the mutability make dealing with those types a nightmare. You have to understand things like covariance and contravariance, which are impossible to get right from a language perspective (ie simple, powerful and safe).
Either you take the safe path (like scala) and end up with a really complex language, or you take the simple path and get something which is either limited (google go generics limited to list and maps) or unsafe (dart generics which are always covariant).
By using haskell, you mainly learn about the benefits of purity, and how to write pure code.
tl;dr Learning new stuff can only make you a better programmer, but being a better programmer is not about the languages you can write code in.
What are the advantages of using LISP and Haskell?
Homoiconic code. This allows structured self-modifying code.
Syntax-aware macros. They allow rewriting of boilerplate code.
Pragmatism. CL is designed to get stuff done by working professionals. Most functional languages aren't, as a rule.
Flexibility. It can do a lot of different things, all at reasonable speeds.
Wartiness. The real world is messy. Pragmatic coding winds up having to either use or invent messy constructs. Common Lisp has sufficient wartiness that it can get stuff done.
Arguably the only real reasons to choose against CL is that the standard libraries are dated.
I will go out on a limb and say that in the general case, syntax should not be an issue to a professional software worker.
From: Why is Lisp useful?
Will they make me a better programmer?
There is not a single tool, a single book, a single programming paradigm that will make you a better programmer.
Learning different programming languages with different paradigms definitely help you to be a better programmer, learning to solve problems with different aproaches also benefit your logical thinking greatly.
Being a good programmer is not much about the language, but about having the ability to solve any problem in any language. And when you don't know the language, the ability to learn that language quickly and use it effectively.
I think, that the more global your thinking is, the better developer you are.
For example, you may add useful comments to your code, care about the readability of your code, the maintainability. Pay attention to the little details. Think before typing!. Learn about desing patterns. Follow good practices.
Disclosure: This is shameless advertising of the worst kind, because it is from my blog.
When you learn languages that are outside of the paradigm that you usually operate, it will open your mind to alternative solutions in your day to day and may even help you understand some features in your language of choice better. Just knowing those languages aren't going to make you a better programmer unless you can take the lessons you learned from those languages and apply it to situations you see everyday.
That being said, it isn't limited to languages. When you read up on various data structures that you haven't seen or used before, it can help broaden the scope of you knowledge so the next time you encounter a problem you have one more possible solution.
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It will be hard not to stay fit, meet people or have leisure time if you live in a residential hall wrapped around a 91,000 square-foot campus recreation center. The "Res/Rec Center", combines a residence hall with a recreation center to preserve valuable green space on campus. The building houses approximately 400 sophomore, junior and senior students on the south end of campus. Res/Rec Center has been particularly attractive to students interested in an active lifestyle and environmentally conscious living.
Inside, the residence areas on the second, third, and fourth floors are configured in "neighborhoods". Student rooms, common areas, study lounges, bathroom/showers and laundry rooms are grouped together around living spaces furnished with comfy chairs and sofas and flat screen TVs.
The recreation center features an NCAA-regulation 200-meter indoor running track, an elevated walking track, four multipurpose athletics courts, training room and fitness center that are open to all students on campus.
The building is also nationally renowned for its environmentally conscious design, earning it a LEED certification. But what does that mean for residents? In a nutshell, it means that they will use less energy for heating, lighting and water, reducing their carbon footprint on the world.
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The use of colors to differentiate liturgical seasons became a common practice in the Western church in about the fourth century. At first, usages varied considerably but by the 12th century Pope Innocent III systematized the use of five colors: Violet, White, Black, Red and Green. The Lutheran and Anglican churches that emerged from the Reformation retained the traditional colors but they disappeared entirely (along with most other ritual) from the worship of the Reformed churches. During the 20th century, the ecumenical Liturgical Movement prompted the rediscovery of ancient Christian ritual—including the traditional colors of the Western church. To these have been added Blue and Gold—colors that were used in some Western rites before the 12th century.
Briefly, the colors express emotions and ideas that are associated with each of the seasons of the liturgical year. Violet is the ancient royal color and therefore a symbol of the sovereignty of Christ. Violet is also associated with repentance from sin. White and Gold symbolize the brightness of day. Black is the traditional color of mourning in some cultures. Red evokes the color of blood, and therefore is the color of martyrs and of Christ's death on the Cross. Red also symbolizes fire, and therefore is the color of the Holy Spirit. Green is the color of growth. Blue is the color of the sky and in some rites honors Mary.
Congregations in the United Church of Christ have the freedom to use any combination of colors (or no particular colors) as seems best to them. The use of traditional colors, however, connects us to the wider Body of Christ and provides worship planners with visual aids that mark the transition from one season to another. Colors can be used in altar and pulpit decorations, vestments, banners and tapestries.
This longest season of the liturgical year is a continuation of the "Time of the Church" that began on the Sunday after Epiphany. It explores the mission of the church and uses the color of Green, symbolizing growth. During this season, the Lectionary offers two options for readings from Hebrew Scripture: the first, topical option selects readings thematically related to the Epistle or Gospel texts. The second, sequential option reads through an entire book of Hebrew Scripture in sequence.
Is the season of spiritual preparation for the celebration of the birth of Christ (Christmas) and looks forward to the future reign of Christ. Eschatological expectation rather than personal penitence is the central theme of the season. Advent is a preparation for rather than a celebration of Christmas, so Advent hymns should be sung instead of Christmas carols. The first Sunday of Advent is not the beginning of the Christmas season. The Christmas celebration begins on Christmas Eve and continues for the next "twelve days of Christmas."
Purple is normally Advent's liturgical color, associated both with the sovereignty of Christ and with penitence. Deep Blue is also sometimes used to distinguish the season from Lent. As the color of the night sky, Blue symbolizes Christ who in one ancient Advent song is called the "Dayspring" or source of day. As the color associated with Mary, Blue also reminds us that during Advent the church waits with Mary for the birth of Jesus.
The Lectionary readings for Christmas and the following twelve days (culminating in the feast of the Epiphany) invite the church to reflect on the Incarnation (or embodiment) of God as a human being: "The Word became a human being and lived among us, and we have seen his glory...." (John 1:14). In Christ, God enters human history and identifies fully with the human condition.
The traditional colors of the season are White or Gold, symbolizing joy in the light of day.
The season following Epiphany continues the theme established on Epiphany Day: the spread of the Good News of Christ from its source in the Jewish community to all nations on earth. The Lectionary therefore explores the mission of the church in the world. The theme of this season (along with the sequence of readings from the Gospel) continues in the season after Pentecost, so both seasons together can be called the "Time of the Church." The traditional liturgical color for both seasons, Green, is the color of growth.
The traditions of Lent are derived from the season's origin as a time when the church prepared candidates, or "catechumens," for their baptism into the Body of Christ. It eventually became a season of preparation not only for catechumens but also for the whole congregation. Self-examination, study, fasting, prayer and works of love are disciplines historically associated with Lent. Conversion—literally, the "turning around" or reorientation of our lives towards God—is the theme of Lent. Both as individuals and as a community, we look inward and reflect on our readiness to follow Jesus in his journey towards the cross. The forty days of Lent correspond to the forty-day temptation of Jesus in the wilderness and the forty-year journey of Israel from slavery to a new community.
On Ash Wednesday, ashes are placed on the foreheads of the congregation as a symbol that we have come from dust and one day will return to dust. It is one of many Lenten and Easter customs that remind us of our historical connection with Jewish tradition. With this sobering reminder of life's fragility, we begin a spiritual quest that continues until the Easter Vigil, when new members of the church are often baptized and the entire congregation joins in a reaffirmation of baptismal vows. Most of this time of preparation is symbolized by the color Violet, though the season is bracketed by the mourning Black of Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. As an alternative to Violet, some churches have begun to use brown, beige or gray (the colors of rough unbleached cloth like burlap) to reflect the season's mood of penitence and simplicity. The somber colors are a reminder of the unbleached "sackcloth" worn by mourners and penitents in the Jewish tradition.
During Holy Week, the congregation follows the footsteps of Jesus from his entry into Jerusalem (Palm/Passion Sunday) through the Last Supper (Maundy Thursday) to his death on the Cross (Good Friday). Red, the color of blood and therefore of martyrs, is the traditional color for Palm/Passion Sunday and the next three days of Holy Week. On Maundy Thursday, White or Gold symbolizes the church's rejoicing in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. But at the end of the Maundy Thursday celebration, the mood changes abruptly: all decorations are removed and the Holy Table is stripped bare. The church becomes as empty as a tomb. On Good Friday, either Black or Red is customary—although the use of no color at all is also appropriate. The Red of Holy Week is sometimes a deeper red than the brighter scarlet color associated with Pentecost.
Instead of finding a sealed tomb, the women who had come at dawn on Sunday are surprised by an angel who announces astonishing news: "Jesus has been raised from the dead" (Matt. 28:7). The heavenly messenger invites the mourners to see the empty tomb and then go and tell the disciples that the Crucified One is alive!
The season from Easter to Pentecost is also called the Great Fifty Days, a tradition inspired by the Jewish season of fifty days between Passover and Shavuot—the feast celebrating the giving of the Torah to Moses.
The liturgical color for this season is celebratory White or Gold. When the season ends on Pentecost Sunday, White is replaced with Red. This color reminds the congregation of fire—the symbol of the Holy Spirit. On Pentecost the Holy Spirit overpowered the barriers of culture and race. The first Sunday after Pentecost celebrates the Trinity, and the color again is White or Gold.
Other Holy Days and observances Pentecostal Red is also the traditional color for Reformation Day on October 31. White or Gold is the color for All Saints Day on November 1 and is also an alternative to Green on the last Sunday after Pentecost—the feast of the Reign of Christ. During other observances, the tradition is to use Red on commemorations of martyrs and other saints. As the color of the Holy Spirit, it is appropriate for ordinations. The colors of Christmas, White or Gold, are also customary on other feast days that celebrate the Incarnation or Resurrection of Christ (Holy Name, Baptism, Presentation, Annunciation, Visitation, Ascension and Transfiguration). Black for centuries was the traditional color for funerals, but in the past fifty years many liturgical churches have preferred to use White or Gold—the colors of Easter and therefore of Resurrection hope.
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Jacques Offenbach (French pronunciation: [ʒak ɔfɛnbak]; German: [ˈɔfn̩bax]; 20 June 1819 – 5 October 1880) was a German-French composer, cellist and impresario of the romantic period. He is remembered for his nearly 100 operettas of the 1850s–1870s and his uncompleted opera The Tales of Hoffmann. He was a powerful influence on later composers of the operetta genre, particularly Johann Strauss, Jr. and Arthur Sullivan. His best-known works were continually revived during the 20th century, and many of his operettas continue to be staged in the 21st. The Tales of Hoffmann remains part of the standard opera repertory.
Born in Cologne, the son of a synagogue cantor, Offenbach showed early musical talent. At the age of 14, he was accepted as a student at the Paris Conservatoire but found academic study unfulfilling and left after a year. From 1835 to 1855 he earned his living as a cellist, achieving international fame, and as a conductor. His ambition, however, was to compose comic pieces for the musical theatre. Finding the management of Paris' Opéra-Comique company uninterested in staging his works, in 1855 he leased a small theatre in the Champs-Élysées. There he presented a series of his own small-scale pieces, many of which became popular.
In 1858, Offenbach produced his first full-length operetta, Orphée aux enfers ("Orpheus in the Underworld"), which was exceptionally well received and has remained one of his most played works. During the 1860s, he produced at least 18 full-length operettas, as well as more one-act pieces. His works from this period included La belle Hélène (1864), La Vie parisienne (1866), La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein (1867) and La Périchole (1868). The risqué humour (often about sexual intrigue) and mostly gentle satiric barbs in these pieces, together with Offenbach's facility for melody, made them internationally known, and translated versions were successful in Vienna, London and elsewhere in Europe.
Offenbach became associated with the Second French Empire of Napoleon III; the emperor and his court were genially satirised in many of Offenbach's operettas. Napoleon III personally granted him French citizenship and the Légion d'Honneur. With the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, Offenbach found himself out of favour in Paris because of his imperial connections and his German birth. He remained successful in Vienna and London, however. He re-established himself in Paris during the 1870s, with revivals of some of his earlier favourites and a series of new works, and undertook a popular U.S. tour. In his last years he strove to finish The Tales of Hoffmann, but died before the premiere of the opera, which has entered the standard repertory in versions completed or edited by other musicians.
Offenbach was born Jacob or Jakob Offenbach[n 1] to a Jewish family, in the German city of Cologne, which was then a part of Prussia.[n 2] His birthplace in the Großen Griechenmarkt was a short distance from the square that is now named after him, the Offenbachplatz. He was the second son and the seventh of ten children of Isaac Juda Offenbach né Eberst (1779–1850) and his wife Marianne, née Rindskopf (c. 1783–1840). Isaac, who came from a musical family, had abandoned his original trade as a bookbinder and earned an itinerant living as a cantor in synagogues and playing the violin in cafés. He was generally known as "der Offenbacher", after his native town, Offenbach am Main, and in 1808 he officially adopted Offenbach as a surname.[n 3] In 1816 he settled in Cologne, where he became established as a teacher, giving lessons in singing, violin, flute and guitar, and composing both religious and secular music.
When Jacob was six years old, his father taught him to play the violin; within two years the boy was composing songs and dances, and at the age of nine he took up the cello. As he was by then the permanent cantor of the local synagogue, Isaac could afford to pay for his son to take lessons from the well-known cellist Bernhard Breuer. Three years later, the biographer Gabriel Grovlez records, the boy was giving performances of his own compositions, "the technical difficulties of which terrified his master", Breuer. Together with his brother Julius (violin) and sister Isabella (piano), Jacob played in a trio at local dance halls, inns and cafés, performing popular dance music and operatic arrangements.[n 4] In 1833, Isaac decided that the two most musically talented of his children, Julius (then aged 18) and Jacob (14) needed to leave the provincial musical scene of Cologne to study in Paris. With generous support from local music lovers and the municipal orchestra, with whom they gave a farewell concert on 9 October, the two young musicians, accompanied by their father, made the four-day journey to Paris in November 1833.
Isaac had been given letters of introduction to the director of the Paris Conservatoire, Luigi Cherubini, but he needed all his eloquence to persuade Cherubini even to give Jacob an audition. The boy's age and nationality were both obstacles to admission.[n 5] Cherubini had several years earlier refused the 12-year-old Franz Liszt admission on similar grounds, but he eventually agreed to hear the young Offenbach play. He listened to his playing and stopped him, saying, "Enough, young man, you are now a pupil of this Conservatoire." Julius was also admitted. Both brothers adopted French forms of their names, Julius becoming Jules and Jacob becoming Jacques.
Having left the conservatoire, Offenbach was free from the stern academicism of Cherubini's curriculum, but as the biographer James Harding writes, "he was free, also, to starve." He secured a few temporary jobs in theatre orchestras before gaining a permanent appointment in 1835 as a cellist at the Opéra-Comique. He was no more serious there than he had been at the conservatoire, and regularly had his pay docked for playing pranks during performances; on one occasion, he and the principal cellist played alternate notes of the printed score, and on another they sabotaged some of their colleagues' music stands to make them collapse in mid-performance. Nevertheless, his earnings from his orchestral work enabled him to take lessons with the celebrated cellist Louis-Pierre Norblin. He made a favourable impression on the composer and conductor Fromental Halévy, who gave him lessons in composition and orchestration and wrote to Isaac Offenbach in Cologne that the young man was going to be a great composer. Some of Offenbach's early compositions were programmed by the fashionable conductor Louis Antoine Jullien. Offenbach and another young composer Friedrich von Flotow collaborated on a series of works for cello and piano. Although Offenbach's ambition was to compose for the stage, he could not gain an entrée to Parisian theatre at this point in his career; with Flotow's help, he built a reputation composing for and playing in the fashionable salons of Paris.
Among the salons at which Offenbach most frequently appeared was that of the comtesse de Vaux. There he met Hérminie d'Alcain (1827–1887), the daughter of a Carlist general. They fell in love, but he was not yet in a financial position to propose marriage. To extend his fame and earning power beyond Paris, he undertook tours of France and Germany. Among those with whom he performed were Anton Rubinstein and, in a concert in Offenbach's native Cologne, Liszt. In 1844, probably through English family connections of Hérminie, he embarked on a tour of England. There, he was immediately engaged to appear with some of the most famous musicians of the day, including Mendelssohn, Joseph Joachim, Michael Costa and Julius Benedict. The Era wrote of his debut performance in London, "His execution and taste excited both wonder and pleasure, the genius he exhibited amounting to absolute inspiration." The British press reported a triumphant royal command performance; The Illustrated London News wrote, "Herr Jacques Offenbach, the astonishing Violoncellist, performed on Thursday evening at Windsor before the Emperor of Russia, the King of Saxony, Queen Victoria, and Prince Albert with great success."[n 7] The use of "Herr" rather than "Monsieur", reflecting the fact that Offenbach remained a Prussian citizen, was common to all the British press coverage of Offenbach's 1844 tour. The ambiguity of his nationality sometimes caused him difficulty in later life.
Offenbach returned to Paris with his reputation and his bank balance both much enhanced. The last remaining obstacle to his marriage to Hérminie was the difference in their professed religions; he converted to Roman Catholicism, with the comtesse de Vaux acting as his sponsor. Isaac Offenbach's views on his son's conversion from Judaism are unknown. The wedding took place on 14 August 1844; the bride was 17 years old, and the bridegroom was 25. The marriage was lifelong, and happy, despite some extramarital dalliances on Offenbach's part.[n 8] After Offenbach's death, a friend said that Hérminie "gave him courage, shared his ordeals and comforted him always with tenderness and devotion".
Returning to the familiar Paris salons, Offenbach quietly shifted the emphasis of his work from being a cellist who also composed to being a composer who played the cello. He had already published many compositions, and some of them had sold well, but now he began to write, perform and produce musical burlesques as part of his salon presentations. He amused the comtesse de Vaux's 200 guests with a parody of Félicien David's currently fashionable Le désert, and in April 1846 gave a concert at which seven operatic items of his own composition were premiered before an audience that included leading music critics. After some encouragement and some temporary setbacks, he seemed on the verge of breaking into theatrical composition when Paris was convulsed by the 1848 revolution, which swept Louis Philippe from the throne and led to serious bloodshed in the streets of the capital. Offenbach hastily took Hérminie and their recently born daughter to join his family in Cologne. He thought it politic to revert temporarily to the name Jacob.
Returning to Paris in February 1849, Offenbach found the grand salons closed down. He went back to working as a cellist, and occasional conductor, at the Opéra-Comique, but was not encouraged in his aspirations to compose. His talents had been noted by the director of the Comédie Française, Arsène Houssaye, who appointed him musical director of the theatre, with a brief to enlarge and improve the orchestra. Offenbach composed songs and incidental music for eleven classical and modern dramas for the Comédie Française in the early 1850s. Some of his songs became very popular, and he gained valuable experience in writing for the theatre. Houssaye later wrote that Offenbach had done wonders for his theatre. The management of the Opéra-Comique, however, remained uninterested in commissioning him to compose for its stage. The composer Debussy later wrote that the musical establishment could not cope with Offenbach's irony, which exposed the "false, overblown quality" of the operas they favoured – "the great art at which one was not allowed to smile".
In the Champs-Élysées, there was a little theatre to let, built for [the magician] Lacaze but closed for many years. I knew that the Exhibition of 1855 would bring many people into this locality. By May, I had found twenty supporters and on 15 June I secured the lease. Twenty days later, I gathered my librettists and I opened the "Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens".
The description of the theatre as "little" was accurate: it could only hold an audience of at most 300.[n 12] It was therefore well suited to the tiny casts permitted under the prevailing licensing laws: Offenbach was limited to three speaking (or singing) characters in any piece.[n 13] With such small forces, full-length works were out of the question, and Offenbach, like Hervé, presented evenings of several one-act pieces. The opening of the theatre was a frantic rush, with less than a month between the issue of the licence and the opening night on 5 July 1855. During this period Offenbach had to "equip the theatre, recruit actors, orchestra and staff, find authors to write material for the opening programme – and compose the music." Among those he recruited at short notice was Ludovic Halévy, the nephew of Offenbach's early mentor Fromental Halévy. Ludovic was a respectable civil servant with a passion for the theatre and a gift for dialogue and verse. While maintaining his civil service career he went on to collaborate (sometimes under discreet pseudonyms) with Offenbach in 21 works over the next 24 years.
Halévy wrote the libretto for one of the pieces in the opening programme, but the most popular work of the evening had words by Moinaux. Les deux aveugles, "The Two Blind Men" is a comedy about two beggars feigning blindness. During rehearsals there had been some concern that the public might judge it to be in poor taste, but it was not only the hit of the season in Paris: it was soon playing successfully in Vienna, London and elsewhere. Another success that summer was Le violoneux, which made a star of Hortense Schneider in her first role for Offenbach. Aged 22, when she auditioned for him, she was engaged on the spot. From 1855 she was a key member of his companies through much of his career.
The Champs-Élysées in 1855 were not yet the grand avenue laid out by Baron Haussmann in the 1860s, but an unpaved allée. The public who were flocking to Offenbach's theatre in the summer and autumn of 1855 could not be expected to venture there in the depths of a Parisian winter. He cast about for a suitable venue and found the Théâtre des Jeunes Élèves, known also as the Salle Choiseul or Théâtre Comte, in central Paris. He entered into partnership with its proprietor and moved the Bouffes-Parisiens there for the winter season. The company returned to the Salle Lacaze for the 1856, 1857, and 1859 summer seasons, performing at the Salle Choiseul in the winter. Legislation enacted in March 1861 prevented the company from using both theatres, and appearances at the Salle Lacaze were discontinued.
Under Offenbach's management, the Bouffes-Parisiens staged works by many composers. These included new pieces by Leon Gastinel and Léo Delibes. When Offenbach asked Rossini's permission to revive his comedy Il signor Bruschino, Rossini replied that he was pleased to be able to do anything for "the Mozart of the Champs-Élysées".[n 14] Offenbach revered Mozart above all other composers. He had an ambition to present Mozart's neglected one-act comic opera Der Schauspieldirektor at the Bouffes-Parisiens, and he acquired the score from Vienna. With a text translated and adapted by Léon Battu and Ludovic Halévy, he presented it during the Mozart centenary celebrations in May 1856 as L'impresario; it was popular with the public and also greatly enhanced the critical and social standing of the Bouffes-Parisiens. By command of the emperor, Napoleon III, the company performed at the Tuileries palace shortly after the first performance of the Mozart piece.
In a long article in Le Figaro in July 1856, Offenbach traced the history of comic opera. He declared that the first work worthy to be called opéra-comique was Philidor's 1759 Blaise le savetier, and he described the gradual divergence of Italian and French notions of comic opera, with verve, imagination and gaiety from Italian composers, and cleverness, common sense, good taste and wit from the French composers.[n 15] He concluded that comic opera had become too grand and inflated. His disquisition was a preliminary to the announcement of an open competition for aspiring composers. A jury of French composers and playwrights including Daniel Auber, Fromental Halévy, Ambroise Thomas, Charles Gounod and Eugène Scribe considered 78 entries; the five short-listed entrants were all asked to set a libretto, Le docteur miracle, written by Ludovic Halévy and Léon Battu. The joint winners were Georges Bizet and Charles Lecocq. Bizet became, and remained, a devoted friend of Offenbach. Lecocq and Offenbach took a dislike to one another, and their subsequent rivalry was not altogether friendly.
Although the Bouffes-Parisiens played to full houses, the theatre was constantly on the verge of running out of money, principally because of what his biographer Alexander Faris calls "Offenbach's incorrigible extravagance as a manager". An earlier biographer, André Martinet, wrote, "Jacques spent money without counting. Whole lengths of velvet were swallowed up in the auditorium; costumes devoured width after width of satin."[n 16] Moreover, Offenbach was personally generous and liberally hospitable. To boost the company's finances, a London season was organised in 1857, with half the company remaining in Paris to play at the Salle Choiseul and the other half performing at the St James's Theatre in the West End of London. The visit was a success, but did not cause the sensation that Offenbach's later works did in London.
In 1858, the government lifted the licensing restrictions on the number of performers, and Offenbach was able to present more ambitious works. His first full-length operetta, Orphée aux enfers ("Orpheus in the Underworld"), was presented in October 1858. Offenbach, as usual, spent freely on the production, with scenery by Gustave Doré, lavish costumes, a cast of twenty principals, and a large chorus and orchestra.
As the company was particularly short of money following an abortive season in Berlin, a big success was urgently needed. At first the production seemed merely to be a modest success. It soon benefited from an outraged review by Jules Janin, the critic of the Journal des Débats; he condemned the piece for profanity and irreverence (ostensibly to Roman mythology but in reality to Napoleon and his government, generally seen as the targets of its satire). Offenbach and his librettist Hector Crémieux seized on this free publicity, and joined in a lively public debate in the columns of the Parisian daily newspaper Le Figaro. Janin's indignation made the public agog to see the work, and the box office takings were prodigious. Among those who wanted to see the satire of the emperor was the emperor himself, who commanded a performance in April 1860. Despite many great successes during the rest of Offenbach's career, Orphée aux enfers remained his most popular. Gammond lists among the reasons for its success, "the sweeping waltzes" reminiscent of Vienna but with a new French flavour, the patter songs, and "above all else, of course, the can-can which had led a naughty life in low places since the 1830s or thereabouts and now became a polite fashion, as uninhibited as ever."
In the 1859 season, the Bouffes-Parisiens presented new works by composers including Flotow, Jules Erlanger, Alphonse Varney, Léo Delibes, and Offenbach himself. Of Offenbach's new pieces, Geneviève de Brabant though initially only a mild success, was later revised and gained much popularity where the duet of the two gendarmes became a favourite number in England and France and the basis for the Marines' Hymn in the U.S.
The 1860s were Offenbach's most successful decade. At the beginning of 1860, he was granted French citizenship by the personal command of Napoleon III, and the following year he was appointed a Chevalier of the Légion d’Honneur; this appointment scandalised those haughty and exclusive members of the musical establishment who resented such an honour for a composer of popular light opera. Offenbach began the decade with his only stand-alone ballet, Le papillon ("The Butterfly"), produced at the Opéra in 1860. It achieved what was then a successful run of 42 performances, without, as the biographer Andrew Lamb says, "giving him any greater acceptance in more respectable circles." Among other operettas in the same year, he finally had a piece presented by the Opéra-Comique, the three-act Barkouf. It was not a success; its plot revolved around a dog, and Offenbach attempted canine imitations in his music. Neither the public nor the critics were impressed, and the piece survived for only seven performances.
In 1862, Offenbach's only son, Auguste (died 1883), was born, the last of five children. In the same year, Offenbach resigned as director of the Bouffes-Parisiens, handing the post over to Alphonse Varney. He continued to write most of his works for the company, with the exception of occasional pieces for the summer season at Bad Ems.[n 18] Despite problems with the libretto, Offenbach completed a serious opera in 1864, Die Rheinnixen, a hotchpotch of romantic and mythological themes. The opera was presented with substantial cuts at the Vienna Court Opera and in Cologne in 1865. It was not given again until 2002, when it was finally performed in its entirety. Since then it has been given several productions. It contained one number, the "Elfenchor", described by the critic Eduard Hanslick as "lovely, luring and sensuous", which Ernest Guiraud later adapted as the Barcarolle in The Tales of Hoffmann. After December 1864, Offenbach wrote less frequently for the Bouffes-Parisiens, and many of his new works premiered at larger theatres.
For La belle Hélène, Offenbach secured Hortense Schneider to play the title role. Since her early success in his short operas, she had become a leading star of the French musical stage. She now commanded large fees and was notoriously temperamental, but Offenbach was adamant that no other singer could match her as Hélène. Rehearsals for the premiere at the Théâtre des Variétés were tempestuous, with Schneider and the principal mezzo-soprano feuding, the censor fretting about the satire of the imperial court, and the manager of the theatre attempting to rein in Offenbach's extravagance with production expenses. Once again the success of the piece was inadvertently assured by the critic Janin; his scandalised notice was strongly countered by liberal critics and the ensuing publicity again brought the public flocking.
Barbe-bleue was a success in early 1866 and was quickly reproduced elsewhere. La Vie parisienne later in the same year was a new departure for Offenbach and his librettists; for the first time in a large-scale piece they chose a modern setting, instead of disguising their satire under a classical cloak. It needed no accidental boost from Janin but was an instant and prolonged success with Parisian audiences, although its very Parisian themes made it less popular abroad. Gammond describes the libretto as "almost worthy of [W.S.] Gilbert", and Offenbach's score as "certainly his best so far". The piece starred Zulma Bouffar, who began an affair with the composer that lasted until at least 1875.
In 1867, Offenbach had his greatest success. The premiere of La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein, a satire on militarism, took place two days after the opening of the Paris Exhibition, an even greater international draw than the 1855 exhibition which had helped him launch his composing career. The Parisian public and the foreign visitors flocked to the new operetta. The foreign royalty who saw the piece included the King of Prussia accompanied by his chief minister, Otto von Bismarck. Halévy, with his experience as a senior civil servant, saw more clearly than most the looming threat from Prussia; he wrote in his diary, "Bismarck is helping to double our takings. This time it's war we're laughing at, and war is at our gates." La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein was followed quickly by a series of successful pieces: Robinson Crusoé, Geneviève de Brabant (revised version; both 1867), Le château à Toto, Le pont des soupirs (revised version) and L'île de Tulipatan (all in 1868).
In October 1868, La Périchole marked a transition in Offenbach's style, with less exuberant satire and more human romantic interest. Lamb calls it Offenbach's "most charming" score. There was some critical grumbling at the change, but the piece, with Schneider in the lead, did good business. It was quickly produced in Europe and both North and South America. Of the pieces that followed it at the end of the decade, Les brigands (1869) was another work that leaned more to romantic comic opera than to opéra bouffe. It was well received, but has not subsequently been revived as often as Offenbach's best-known operettas.
Offenbach returned hurriedly from Ems and Wiesbaden before the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. He then went to his home in Étretat and arranged for his family to move to the safety of San Sebastián in northern Spain, joining them shortly afterwards. Having risen to fame under Napoleon III, satirised him, and been rewarded by him, Offenbach was universally associated with the old régime: he was known as "the mocking-bird of the Second Empire". When the empire fell in the wake of Prussia's crushing victory at Sedan (1870), Offenbach's music was suddenly out of favour. France was swept by violently anti-German sentiments, and despite his French citizenship and Légion d'honneur, his birth and upbringing in Cologne made him suspect. His operettas were now frequently vilified as the embodiment of everything superficial and worthless in Napoleon III's régime. La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein was banned in France because of its antimilitarist satire.
Although his Parisian audience deserted him, Offenbach had by now become highly popular in England. John Hollingshead of the Gaiety Theatre presented Offenbach's operettas to large and enthusiastic audiences. Between 1870 and 1872, the Gaiety produced 15 of his works. At the Royalty Theatre, Richard D'Oyly Carte presented La Périchole in 1875. In Vienna, too, Offenbach works were regularly produced. While the war and its aftermath ravaged Paris, the composer supervised Viennese productions and travelled to England as the guest of the Prince of Wales.
By the end of 1871 life in Paris had returned to normal, and Offenbach ended his voluntary exile. His new works Le roi Carotte (1872) and La jolie parfumeuse (1873) were modestly profitable, but lavish revivals of his earlier successes did better business. He decided to go back into theatre management and took over the Théâtre de la Gaîté in July 1873. His spectacular revival of Orphée aux enfers there was highly profitable; an attempt to repeat that success with a new, lavish version of Geneviève de Brabant proved less popular. Along with the costs of extravagant productions, collaboration with the dramatist Victorien Sardou culminated in financial disaster. An expensive production of Sardou's La haine in 1874, with incidental music by Offenbach, failed to attract the public to the Gaîté, and Offenbach was forced to sell his interests in the Gaîté and to mortgage future royalties.
In 1876 a successful tour of the United States in connection with its Centennial Exhibition enabled Offenbach to recover some of his losses and pay his debts. Beginning with a concert at Gilmore's Garden before a crowd of 8,000 people, he gave a series of more than 40 concerts in New York and Philadelphia. To circumvent a Philadelphia law forbidding entertainments on Sundays, he disguised his operetta numbers as liturgical pieces and advertised a "Grand Sacred Concert by M. Offenbach". "Dis-moi, Vénus" from La belle Hélène became a "Litanie", and other equally secular numbers were billed as "Prière" or "Hymne". The local authorities were not deceived, and the concert did not take place. At Booth's Theatre, New York, Offenbach conducted La vie parisienne and his recent (1873) La jolie parfumeuse. He returned to France in July 1876, with profits that were handsome but not spectacular.
Offenbach's later operettas enjoyed renewed popularity in France, especially Madame Favart (1878), which featured a fantasy plot about the real-life French actress Marie Justine Favart, and La fille du tambour-major (1879), which was the most successful of his operettas of the 1870s.
Profitable though La fille du tambour-major was, composing it left Offenbach less time to work on his cherished project, the creation of a successful serious opera. Since the beginning of 1877, he had been working when he could on a piece based on a stage play, Les contes fantastiques d'Hoffmann, by Jules Barbier and Michel Carré. Offenbach had suffered from gout since the 1860s, often being carried into the theatre in a chair. Now in failing health, he was conscious of his own mortality and wished passionately to live long enough to complete the opera Les contes d'Hoffmann ("The Tales of Hoffmann"). He was heard saying to Kleinzach, his dog, "I would give everything I have to be at the première". However, Offenbach did not live to finish the piece. He left the vocal score substantially complete and had made a start on the orchestration. Ernest Guiraud, a family friend, assisted by Offenbach's 18-year-old son Auguste, completed the orchestration, making significant changes as well as the substantial cuts demanded by the Opéra-Comique's director, Carvalho.[n 20] The opera was first seen at the Opéra-Comique on 10 February 1881; Guiraud added recitatives for the Vienna premiere, in December 1881, and other versions were made later.
Offenbach died in Paris in 1880 at the age of 61. His cause of death was certified as heart failure brought on by acute gout. He was given a state funeral; The Times wrote, "The crowd of distinguished men that accompanied him on his last journey amid the general sympathy of the public shows that the late composer was reckoned among the masters of his art." He is buried in the Montmartre Cemetery.
By his own reckoning, Offenbach composed more than 100 operas.[n 22] Both the number and the noun are open to question: some works were so extensively revised that he evidently counted the revised versions as new, and commentators generally refer to all but a few of his stage works as operettas, rather than operas. Offenbach reserved the term opérette (English: operetta)[n 23] or opérette bouffe for some of his one-act works, more often using the term opéra bouffe for his full-length ones (though there are a number of one- and two-act examples of this type). It was only with the further development of the Operette genre in Vienna after 1870 that the French term opérette began to be used for works longer than one act. Offenbach also used the term opéra-comique for at least 24 of his works in either one, two or three acts.
Offenbach's earliest operettas were one-act pieces for small casts. More than 30 of these were presented before his first full-scale "opéra bouffon", Orphée aux enfers, in 1858, and he composed over 20 more of them during the rest of his career. Lamb, following the precedent of Henseler's 1930 study of the composer, divides the one-act pieces into five categories: "(i) country idylls; (ii) urban operettas; (iii) military operettas; (iv) farces; and (v) burlesques or parodies." Offenbach enjoyed his greatest success in the 1860s. His most popular operettas from the decade have remained among his best known.
In his early pieces for the Bouffes-Parisiens, the size of the orchestra pit had restricted Offenbach to an orchestra of 16 players. He composed for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, two horns, piston, trombone, timpani and percussion and a small string section of seven players. After moving to the Salle Choiseul he had an orchestra of 30 players. The musicologist and Offenbach specialist Jean-Christophe Keck notes that when larger orchestras were available, either in bigger Paris theatres or in Vienna or elsewhere, Offenbach would compose, or rearrange existing music, accordingly. Surviving scores show his instrumentation for additional wind and brass, and even extra percussion. When they were available he wrote for cor anglais, harp, and, exceptionally, Keck records, an ophicleide (Le Papillon), tubular bells (Le carnaval des revues), and a wind machine (Le voyage dans la lune).
Hughes describes Offenbach's orchestration as "always skilful, often delicate, and occasionally subtle." He instances Pluton's song in Orphée aux enfers,[n 25] introduced by a three-bar phrase for solo clarinet and solo bassoon in octaves immediately repeated on solo flute and solo bassoon an octave higher. In Keck's view, "Offenbach's orchestral scoring is full of details, elaborate counter-voices, minute interactions coloured by interjections of the woodwinds or brass, all of which establish a dialogue with the voices. His refinement of design equals that of Mozart or Rossini."
Offenbach often composed amidst noise and distractions. According to Keck, Offenbach would first make a note of melodies a libretto suggested to him in a notebook or straight onto the librettist’s manuscript. Next using full score manuscript paper he wrote down vocal parts in the centre, then a piano accompaniment at the bottom possibly with notes on orchestration. When Offenbach felt sure the work would be performed, he began full orchestration, often employing a codified system.
In general, Offenbach's parodistic technique was simply to play the original music in unexpected and incongruous circumstances. He slipped the banned revolutionary anthem La Marseillaise into the chorus of rebellious gods in Orphée aux enfers, and quoted the aria "Che farò" from Gluck's Orfeo in the same work; in La belle Hélène he quoted the patriotic trio from Rossini's Guillaume Tell and parodied himself in the ensemble for the kings of Greece, in which the accompaniment quotes the rondeau from Orphée aux enfers. In his one act pieces, Offenbach parodied Rossini's "Largo al factotum" and familiar arias by Bellini. In Croquefer (1857), one duet consists of quotations from Halévy's La Juive and Meyerbeer's Robert le Diable and Les Huguenots. Even in his later, less satirical period, he included a parodic quotation from Donizetti's La fille du régiment in La fille du tambour-major.
Other examples of Offenbach's use of incongruity are noted by the critic Paul Taylor: "In La belle Hélène, the kings of Greece denounce Paris as 'un vil séducteur' to a waltz tempo that is itself unsuitably seductive … the potty-sounding phrase 'L'homme à la pomme' becomes the absurd nucleus of a big cod-ensemble." Another lyric set to absurdly ceremonious music is "Votre habit a craqué dans le dos" ("Your coat has split down the back") in La vie parisienne. The Grand Duchess of Gérolstein's rondo "Ah! Que j'aime les militaires" is rhythmically and melodically similar to the finale of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, but it is not clear whether the similarity is parodic or coincidental.
In Offenbach's last decade, he took note of a change in public taste: a simpler, more romantic style was now preferred. Harding writes that Lecocq had successfully moved away from satire and parody, returning to "the genuine spirit of opéra-comique and its peculiarly French gaiety." Offenbach followed suit in a series of 20 operettas; the conductor and musicologist Antonio de Almeida names the finest of these as La fille du tambour-major (1879).
Of Offenbach's two serious operas, Die Rheinnixen, a failure, was not revived until the 21st century. His second attempt, The Tales of Hoffmann, was originally intended as a grand opera. When the work was accepted by Léon Carvalho for production at the Opéra-Comique, Offenbach agreed to make it an opéra comique with spoken dialogue. It was incomplete when he died; Faris speculates that, but for Georges Bizet's premature death, Bizet rather than Guiraud would have been asked to complete the piece and would have done so more satisfactorily. The critic Tim Ashley writes, "Stylistically, the opera reveals a remarkable amalgam of French and German influences … Weberian chorales preface Hoffmann's narrative. Olympia delivers a big coloratura aria straight out of French grand opera, while Antonia sings herself to death to music reminiscent of Schubert."
Offenbach composed more than 50 non-operatic songs between 1838 and 1854, most of them to French texts, by authors including Alfred de Musset, Théophile Gautier and Jean de La Fontaine, and also ten to German texts. Among the most popular of these songs was "À toi" (1843), dedicated to the young Hérminie d'Alcain as an early token of his love.
In 1938, Manuel Rosenthal assembled the popular ballet Gaîté Parisienne from his own orchestral arrangements of melodies from Offenbach's stage works, and in 1953 the same composer assembled a symphonic suite, Offenbachiana, also from music by Offenbach. Jean-Christophe Keck regards the 1938 work as "no more than a vulgarly orchestrated pastiche"; in Gammond's view, however, it does "full justice" to Offenbach.
The musician and author Fritz Spiegl wrote in 1980, "Without Offenbach there would have been no Savoy Opera … no Die Fledermaus or Merry Widow. The two creators of the Savoy operas, the librettist, Gilbert, and the composer, Sullivan, were both indebted to Offenbach and his partners for their satiric and musical styles, even borrowing plot components. For example, Faris argues that the mock-oriental Ba-ta-clan influenced The Mikado, including its character names: Offenbach's Ko-ko-ri-ko and Gilbert's Ko-Ko; Faris also compares Le pont des soupirs (1861) and The Gondoliers (1889): "in both works there are choruses à la barcarolle for gondoliers and contadini [in] thirds and sixths; Offenbach has a Venetian admiral telling of his cowardice in battle; Gilbert and Sullivan have their Duke of Plaza-Toro who led his regiment from behind." Offenbach's Les Géorgiennes (1864), like Gilbert and Sullivan's Princess Ida (1884), depicts a female stronghold challenged by males in disguise.[n 26] The best-known instance in which a Savoy opera draws on Offenbach's work is The Pirates of Penzance (1879), where both Gilbert and Sullivan follow the lead of Les brigands (1869) in their treatment of the police, plodding along ineffectually in heavy march-time. Les brigands was presented in London in 1871, 1873 and 1875; for the first of these, Gilbert made an English translation of Meilhac and Halévy's libretto.
However much the young Sullivan was influenced by Offenbach,[n 27] the influence was evidently not in only one direction. Hughes observes that two numbers in Offenbach's Maitre Péronilla (1878) bear "an astonishing resemblance" to "My name is John Wellington Wells" from Gilbert and Sullivan's The Sorcerer (1877).
It is not clear how directly Offenbach influenced Johann Strauss. He had encouraged Strauss to turn to operetta when they met in Vienna in 1864, but it was not until seven years later that Strauss did so. However, Offenbach's operettas were well established in Vienna, and Strauss worked on the lines established by his French colleague; in 1870s Vienna, an operetta composer who did not do so was quickly called to order by the press. In Gammond's view, the Viennese composer most influenced by Offenbach was Franz von Suppé, who studied Offenbach's works carefully and wrote many successful operettas using them as a model.
In his 1957 article, Lubbock wrote, "Offenbach is undoubtedly the most significant figure in the history of the 'musical'," and traced the development of musical theatre from Offenbach to Irving Berlin and Rodgers and Hammerstein, via Franz Lehár, André Messager, Sullivan and Lionel Monckton.
During Offenbach's lifetime, and in the obituary notices in 1880, fastidious critics (dubbed "Musical Snobs Ltd" by Gammond) showed themselves at odds with public appreciation. In a 1980 article in The Musical Times, George Hauger commented that those critics not only underrated Offenbach, but wrongly supposed that his music would soon be forgotten. Although most critics of the time made that erroneous assumption, a few perceived Offenbach's unusual quality; in The Times, Francis Hueffer wrote, "none of his numerous Parisian imitators has ever been able to rival Offenbach at his best." Nevertheless, the paper joined in the general prediction: "It is very doubtful whether any of his works will survive." The New York Times shared this view: "That he had the gift of melody in a very extraordinary degree is not to be denied, but he wrote currente calamo,[n 28] and the lack of development of his choicest inspirations will, it is to be feared, keep them from reaching even the next generation". After the posthumous production of The Tales of Hoffmann, The Times partially reconsidered its judgment, writing, "Les Contes de Hoffmann [will] confirm the opinion of those who regard him as a great composer in every sense of the word". It then lapsed into what Gammond calls "Victorian sanctimoniousness" by taking it for granted that the opera "will uphold Offenbach's fame long after his lighter compositions have passed out of memory."
The critic Sacheverell Sitwell compared Offenbach's lyrical and comic gifts to those of Mozart and Rossini. Friedrich Nietzsche called Offenbach both an "artistic genius" and a "clown", but wrote that "nearly every one" of Offenbach's works achieves half a dozen "moments of wanton perfection". Émile Zola commented on Offenbach and his work in a novel (Nana) and an essay, "La féerie et l'opérette IV/V". While granting that Offenbach's best operettas are full of grace, charm and wit, Zola blames Offenbach for what others have made out of the genre. Zola calls operetta a "public enemy" and a "monstrous beast". While some critics saw the satire in Offenbach's works as a social protest, an attack against the establishment, Zola saw the works as a homage to the social system in the Second Empire.
^ Other British publications including The Times and The Manchester Guardian reported on this command performance, but the biographer Peter Gammond was told by the royal archivist that no reference to a performance by Offenbach on the date in question could be found in the official archives.
^ In addition to a long affair with Zulma Bouffar, Offenbach was known to have had shorter affairs with the singers Marie Cico and Louise Valtesse.
^ The Bad Ems pieces were, Les bavards (1862), Il signor Fagotto (1863), Lischen et Fritzchen (1863), Le fifre enchanté, ou Le soldat (1864), Jeanne qui pleure et Jean qui rit (1864), Coscoletto, ou Le lazzarone (1865), and La permission de dix heures (1867). Most of them were played at the Bouffes-Parisiens in the winter season after their premieres.
^ Literally, "No doubt I am the Father; each of the two others is at once my Son and Full of Verve" – "esprit" meaning both "[Holy] Spirit" and "wit", and "Plein d'Esprit" rhyming with "Saint Esprit".
^ In 1911, The Musical Times cited Offenbach as the seventh most prolific operatic composer, with 103 operas (one more than Sir Henry Bishop and six fewer than Baldassare Galuppi). The most prolific was said to be Wenzel Müller with 166.
^ Gilbert's plot line, unlike that of Offenbach's librettist Jules Moinaux, was based on an 1847 Tennyson poem, "The Princess".
^ In 1875, two of Sullivan's short operettas, The Zoo and Trial by Jury were playing in London as companion pieces to longer Offenbach works, Les Géorgiennes and La Périchole. Trial by Jury was written specifically as an afterpiece for that production of La Périchole.
^ Debussy wrote this in 1903, when The Tales of Hoffmann, after initial success, with 101 performances in its first year, had become neglected. A production by Thomas Beecham at His Majesty's Theatre, London, in 1910 restored the work to the mainstream operatic repertoire, where it has remained.
^ Lamb, Andrew. "La Périchole" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Macmillan, London & New York, 1997.
^ Milnes R. "One Long Hymn to Pacifism", Opera, October 2009, pp. 1202–1206.
^ "Der Krimi geht weiter" Archived 25 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Opernwelt Mai 2012, p. 68, cited in full on Operetta Research Center Archived 25 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Boris Kehrmann. Gehört Offenbach nicht allen? Auch Jean-Christophe Kecks Offenbach-Edition lässt Fragen offen. 30 January 2013), accessed 25 May 2014.
^ "Collapsed Cologne Archives Show Challenge of Preserving History" Archived 25 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Deutsche Welle, accessed 25 May 2014.
Almeida, Antonio de (1976). Offenbach's songs from the great operettas. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-23341-3.
Faris, Alexander (1980). Jacques Offenbach. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-11147-3.
Gammond, Peter (1980). Offenbach. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-0257-2.
Harding, James (1980). Jacques Offenbach: A Biography. London: John Calder. ISBN 978-0-7145-3835-8.
Horne, Alistair (2003). Seven Ages of Paris. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-72577-1.
Kracauer, Siegfried (2002) . Orpheus in Paris: Offenbach and the Paris of his time. New York: Zone Books. ISBN 978-1-890951-30-6.
Hughes, Gervase (1962). Composers of Operetta. London: Macmillan. OCLC 460660877.
Martinet, André (1887). Offenbach: Sa vie et son oeuvre (in French). Paris: Dentu. OCLC 3574954.
Traubner, Richard (2001). "Offenbach, Jacques". In Holden, Amanda. The New Penguin Opera Guide. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-051475-9.
Young, Percy M. (1971). Sir Arthur Sullivan. London: J. M. Dent. ISBN 978-0-460-03934-5.
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To ensure the integrity of the backup data, MySQL Enterprise Backup provides a validate subcommand for validating a backup by the checksum values of its data pages after the backup is created or transferred to another system.
If any .ibd or .frm files are missing from a backup directory during a backup or have been deleted from a backup directory after the backup was made, the validate operation will not be able to detect the problem.
If a backup directory has been corrupted by removing or truncating pages from any of the .ibd files inside , the validate operation will not be able to detect the problem.
140219 11:22:45 mysqlbackup: INFO: Validate operation completed successfully.
140219 11:22:45 mysqlbackup: INFO: Backup Image validation successful.
Computed checksum: ### Checksum in image: ### mysqlbackup: ERROR: Problem verifying checksum of initial header of backup image.
mysqlbackup: ERROR: Backup image validation failed.
140219 11:22:45 mysqlbackup: INFO: Validate backup directory operation completed successfully.
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Although many lines of evidence indicate that birds evolved from ground-dwelling theropod dinosaurs, some scientists remain unconvinced. They argue that theropods appeared too late to have given rise to birds, noting that Archaeopteryx lithographica – the oldest known bird – appears in the fossil record about 150 million years ago, whereas the fossil remains of various nonavian maniraptor theropods – the closest known relatives of birds – date only to about 115 million years ago. But investigators have now uncovered bones that evidently belong to nonavian maniraptors dating to the time of Archaeopteryx. In any case, failure to find fossils of a predicted kind does not rule out their existence in an undiscovered deposit. Skeptics also argue that the fused clavicles (the “wishbone”) of birds differ from the unfused clavicles of theropods. This objection was reasonable when only early theropod clavicles had been discovered, but fossilized theropod clavicles that look just like the wishbone of Archaeopteryx have now been unearthed. Finally, some scientists argue that the complex lungs of birds could not have evolved from theropod lungs, an assertion that cannot be supported or falsified at the moment, because no fossil lungs are preserved in the paleontological record.
Q2. In the context of the passage, the phrase “fossils of a predicted kind”(line 16) most likely refers to which of the following?
Q3. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as an argument made by scientists who are unconvinced that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs?
A. There are no known theropod dinosaur fossils dating from a period after the time of Archaeopteryx.
B. There are no known theropod dinosaur fossils that indicate the structure of those dinosaurs’ lungs.
C. Theropod dinosaurs appear in the fossil record about 150 million years ago.
D. Theropod dinosaurs did not have fused clavicles.
E. Theropod dinosaurs had certain bones that look just like those of Archaeopteryx.
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How do you ever talk through a review about a book you love? This was my first time re-reading this book since the first time I came upon the book series some ten years ago. I was overwhelmed with sentiment just seeing its title in the library, and it was the first book I picked out of a pile of seventeen I eventually brought home that day, but I held it close to my chest and cradled it--because just holding it felt like I was holding one of my dreams in my arms again.
I always grew up dreaming about animals and friendships with them. To this day I still love books that have a focal point of a human and an animal's friendship. ([a:Robin McKinley|5339|Robin McKinley|http://d.gr-assets.com/authors/1314406026p2/5339.jpg] is a good author for those types of stories, especially if you're looking for more horse-related material. Check out [b:Pegasus|7507951|Pegasus (Pegasus, #1)|Robin McKinley|http://d.gr-assets.com/books/1265406037s/7507951.jpg|7147745] or [b:The Hero and the Crown|77366|The Hero and the Crown (Damar, #2)|Robin McKinley|http://d.gr-assets.com/books/1348790397s/77366.jpg|2321243] for a couple good ones.) Being able to come back to read this book again, after a decade apart, it feels like I never left. The awe is still there. The joy is there. The thrill! The excitement! All my heart's elation in the freedom of a horse's stride is in this! Awe and respect and admiration for an animal as beautiful and impossibly real to my heart as the Black. *Shakes head and smiles* There's nothing quite like it in all this world: the beauty of an animal who, in all its magnificence and power, became friends with a human, and together, who changed everything.
It's what I've been dreaming of all my life, and even now-- way past middle school age when I first read this story-- I come to life reading this book again. It's simple, it's short, but it doesn't take away the least from it. It's fulfilling in a way that I've found only books with relationships between animals and humans have ever been for me. It's every bit as inspiring and exciting as I first thought it was, and I would be horrible if I didn't recommend anyone who has a love for animals in general or horses especially to check out this book.
It's fantastic. It's wonderful. It stirs that spirit inside you to life. It reminds you that you can fly.
Maybe if you're not a horse lover or animal lover like me, you might be afraid you won't enjoy this story. But I'm telling you, it's a book that has enough thrill and excitement to entertain anyone who will give it a shot. No matter what you're used to, give it a chance and read it. You might be surprised by what you find.
To everyone else, too: give this book a shot. Like I said, it's not a long read and it's simply written. It won't be a problem to read. And my sincere hope is that you'll find it as much a joy and pleasure as I have, and millions have before me.
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Can you tell me exactly what my closing costs will be?
First note that 'closing costs' can be different from law firm to law firm. Some law firms call the excise tax a closing cost. While others call it a tax. The next guy could call it something entirely different, so, it's very hard to compare closing costs from one place to another, because everyone has a different definition. For example, are past-due property taxes a closing cost?
Long story short: it's impossible for a lawyer to tell you exactly how much the closing could cost, until he has done 80% of the closing. That is why attorneys send over a 'fee schedule' so that you can (ideally), compare oranges to oranges (how much an attorney charges for a title search, etc). Everything else (property taxes, recording fees should be the same (or close) between law firms).
That is how it should work (compare fee sheets), but many Attorneys purposely make their fee sheets difficult to understand, so it's hard to compare one Attorney to another. I know one attorney that says he charges a flat $750 to do a closing. He neglects to mention that wire transfers are $90 each, and that a title search is a separate $350 fee that isn't on that sheet. Or that he charges 3 wire transfers in every closing, unless the buyer is paying attention and tells him to remove the 2 that they didn't use.
Another attorney that looks cheap on paper, but charges $350/hour for any work that they consider outside the scope of a basic closing. They make up that extra $ (and more), that way. You might be charged $100 to ask them to calculate your closing costs. I've very rarely charge anyone additional money by the hour. Some closings are easier than others and they balance out, eventually.
Title insurance is regulated by the state of NC. Every policy should be very similar in price, if it's similar in scope and coverage. One thing to note: It can make a significant difference as to whether your title company has searched for the previous policy and 'tacked onto' that policy, or if they've used a 30 year search to issue the policy. If the previous owner of the house had title insurance from his purchase, two years ago: you can 'tack onto' that policy and buy a new policy from that point forward (only two years). Some law firms refuse to do this and have agreement with title companies to give them 30 year searches (full search) so everyone can make a few bucks more (some attorneys also own their own title company, to make more $). We always spend a week or so looking for a prior policy (they are often hard to find).
If you're looking for an attorney, it might be worth asking if they own their own title company, or if they're willing to use prior policies.
Title insurance is usually around $100k for an $80k or so property. Maybe $500 for a $300k property (for example).
After you understand all of this, there's also the distinction between 'Buyer' closing costs and 'Seller' Closing costs. Attorneys in NC often prepare both sides, and earn both sides of this coin. However, fees from different Attorneys vary wildly between the Buyer side and the Seller side.
Long story short: The entirety of costs for our firm is around $750 in costs for a cash closing, and $975 for a financed closing. I think we're one of the cheapest firms in town (if not the cheapest). We do our own title searches, so we don't have to hire abstractors to do the title searches for us (just about everyone else hires a title abstractor to do the title search, and they pay $200 for that - which ends up getting passed to you in one way or another). We cut this cost out and pass the savings to you. It's our competitive advantage.
Even so, there are a number of other costs that you may encounter, which are not attorneys fees associated with the closing, but still fall under 'closing costs'.
For example: recording a deed is $26.00.
HOAs often have monies that need paid to them to transfer title, etc etc. An HOA transfer fee could be $350 alone.
Property taxes are usually made current at the time of closing. If the bill is not out yet, we give the seller a debit for the amount of the bill that they owe. If it's July, for example...seller has lived in the property for 6 months out of the year and should have to pay for 6 months worth of property taxes. We reduce the $$$ they get at closing by that amount. This could be called a closing cost and can surprise a lot of sellers.
All of this aside, we'll ignore the even more complicated world of title defects, and how Attorneys might charge you to 'fix' 'issues' that they find. As you can imagine, some Attorneys seem to want to find issues, so they can charge additional costs.
So, without being a few weeks into your closing, it's impossible for us to give you an exact quote. If I were able to make my own .02 cents known, I'd relate that it might be far more important to research reviews about the firm you choose and see which has fewer delays or problems than others. In the long-run, choosing someone to get it done efficiently may save you more $ than having selected the Attorney that is $100 cheaper but ends up being the root of a closing delay, that costs you substantially more.....or ends up charging you twice what you expected due to unnecessary 'title defect' or 'curative' costs that Attorneys like me rarely charge.
We'll help however we can to help you understand this process better, we've got a sample HUD that you can look at, to see how Buyer versus Seller costs are distributed.
For an example, please see our Sample HUD to understand Closing Costs document. Download here.
Why do I need two title policies on a double close?
We get this question often, and I think a lot of Attorneys (or other states) give people poor advice about this. I 100% say to get that 2nd title policy.
Here's how a title claim works, if there's a problem in title insurance.
Your end buyer has his policy with lets say, American Insurance. They sue the old owner (you) to fix the claim (and the people behind the issue) .
If you have a title policy for your purchase, you send that Insurance claim to your company, and they take care of everything.
They'll turn around and sue the people that you bought this from. You'll lose nothing but maybe a small deductible for all the attorneys fees.
If you close without title insurance, your buyer is suing you and you have no one to cover the Attorneys fees/costs. You'll have to pay and attorney (Probably $5k to start, $20k for any decent case, up to $40k for a long one) to defend you and sue the person you bought the house from.
So, I think it's worth the $150 or whatever for that 2nd title policy.
Are real estate transaction/closing documents public record?
In the state of North Carolina, closing documents are made available to the public by request to the register of deeds. The buyer, seller, and final sale price are disclosed.
Who/what is a real estate closing agent?
Commonly referred to as a settlement agent or real estate closing attorney the role is to represent the buyer or seller and handle the legal transfer of title/deed and ownership from the seller to the buyer.
What exactly does a real estate attorney do during a standard, residential closing?
Recording the appropriate documents as required under law.
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What better way to assess an applicants job potential than to actually have them complete a portion of the work they will be doing? In addition to more traditional testing methods (e.g., cognitive tests, personality questionnaires, etc.), many organizations include work samples or simulations in their decision-making processes.
Such exercises are carefully constructed to simulate on-the-job situations. This type of exercise can range from something as simple as having the candidate design and deliver a presentation (to assess presentation skills for a training position) to having candidates complete an elaborate, highly structured computerized simulation (to be used to assess ones ability to operate expensive, potentially dangerous equipment). Two common simulations are the In-Basket exercise and the Role-Play.
In-Basket exercises are typically designed to simulate the administrative tasks of a job. In the typical In-Basket, the test taker is given background information on either the actual organization or a fictitious company and is asked to assume a specific role in the organization. The test taker is often asked to respond to letters, memos, e-mails, requests, personnel issues, and so forth, in a given amount of time. A time limit may be imposed in order to simulate the time pressure experienced in many jobs. In-Basket exercises are usually designed to assess the candidates ability to manage multiple tasks, prioritize and delegate work, and analyze information quickly. In-Basket exercises may be administered via paper-and-pencil methods or via computer. Scoring of In-Baskets varies considerably, with some more easily scored via computerized templates and others requiring careful review by a trained evaluator.
Role-Play exercises are designed to simulate the interpersonal challenges faced when working with others. In the typical role-play, the candidate is given background information regarding the scenario and asked to play a particular role (e.g., team leader, customer service representative). During the exercise, he or she interacts directly with a trained role-player (actor). This actor often plays the role of a subordinate, coworker, or customer and responds to the candidate according to a script. Role-Play exercises are usually designed to assess the candidates communication and interpersonal skills. Performance may be observed by a trained evaluator, or may be videotaped and evaluated at a later time.
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Information about United States National Parks in California.
Five of the eight Channel Islands off the coast of Southern California were designated a United States National Monument in 1938, a National Biosphere Reserve in 1976, and they were promoted from a national monument to a national park in 1980. The five islands included in the park are San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island, Anacapa Island, Santa Barbara Island, and Santa Cruz Island. Channel Islands National Park is located in both Santa Barbara County and Ventura County.
Death Valley was declared a United States National Monument in 1933 and it was redesignated a National Park in 1994. When the area was declared a national park it was expanded to include the Saline Valley and the Eureka Valley, making its total size about 5,260 square miles. Death Valley National Park is located in both Inyo County and San Bernardino County and small parts of it are also in Nevada's Nye County and Esmeralda County.
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Rosa was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, as well as a printmaker, poet and author of satires. He was active in Naples, Rome and Florence, and best known for his unconventional and romantic landscapes, as well as his rebellious nature. Rosa was indisputably a leader in that tendency towards the romantic and picturesque, called a proto-romantic. His landscapes avoided the idyllic and pastoral calm in the landscapes of Claude Lorrain (1600 – 1682) and Paul Bril (1554 – 1626), and created brooding, melancholic fantasies, awash in ruins and brigands. As a writer, Rosa was equally romantic in his descriptions and rebellious in his attitude towards convention.
Rosa began his training in Naples, notably with his future brother-in-law, Francesco Francanzano (1612 – 1657), who trained under the influential Spanish painter, Jusepe de Ribera (1591 – 1652), who Rosa may have trained with as well. It is also said that Rosa may have trained with the Naples painter, Aniello Falcone (1600 – 1665), who was also an apprentice to Ribera. After a brief trip to Rome, he returned to Naples and began painting his wildly romantic landscapes, eventually returning to Rome after 1638 painting one of his only altarpieces, Incredulity of Thomas.
Something of a Baroque polymath, Rosa pursued his talents in music, poetry, writing, etching and acting. He wrote and often acted in his own Satires, which in turn gained him the reputation of a rebel, pitting him against powerful people, such as the prominent Roman sculptor, Bernini (1598 – 1680). This partially drove him away from Rome to sanctuary in Florence, patronized by a Medici Cardinal; he started his Accademia dei Percossi, or Academy of the Stricken, were artists, playwrights and poets gathered, among them the poet-painter, Lorenzo Lippi (1606 – 1664). He then returned to Naples, where it is said he engaged in the Spanish revolt of Masaniello (1622 – 1647), with some works produced showing this influence.
He finally returned to Rome around 1649, painting historical works such as, Democritus amid Tombs, Death of Socrates, Regulus in the Spiked Cask, Justice Quitting the Earth and the Wheel of Fortune. The latter satirical work raised a storm of controversy, from which Rosa, endeavoring at conciliation, published a description of its meaning, but was nearly arrested. It was about this time that Rosa wrote his satire named Babylon, under which name Rome was of course his target. Among the pictures of his last years were the admired Battlepiece and Saul and the Witch of Endor, a work painted in 40 days, full of longdrawn carnage, with ships burning in the offing; Pythagoras and the Fishermen; and the Oath of Catiline.
His output in painting and satirical writing was large, and both respected and contested in its time. Rosa, the man, is romanticized in several fictional works, including novels and fully scored ballets.
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Make a puppet out of a party hat, a stick, a styrofoam ball, some material, and hot glue. This craft is best for attentive campers and a small group.
MATERIALS: -party hat -long stick(diameter no bigger than that of a nickel) -styrofoam ball(golf ball size) -scissors -material(~50cm x 50cm) -lots of hot glue DIRECTIONS: 1. Take styrofoam ball and push stick halfway through the ball. This is the head. If it falls off, add a dab of hot glue in the hole to keep it in place. 2.Set stick aside and remove elastic string from party hat. Hot glue the material around the party hat and cut off excess material. 3. Glue more material on the inside of the large opening of the party hat. 4. Slide the party hat onto the stick with the open side facing up. 5. Glue the loose ends of the extra material at the base of the styrofoam ball and glue any holes in the fabric shut. 6. Cut off any extra material at the base of the styrofoam ball or leave it on if you prefer. 7. At this point, you should be able to slide your cone up and down over the puppet. 8. Decorate! **To make a hat for your puppet, take some leftover material and place a pompom in the center of it. Take the ends of the fabric together and tie a string right under the pompom to make a bundle-type object. Then you can hot glue it onto your puppet's head.
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Technology is becoming increasingly popular and dominant, and individuals and businesses now rely on email as a main form of communication. However, can an email be a valid method of serving a notice under a legal contract? This issue was recently considered by the Supreme Court of NSW in Kegran Pty Ltd v Warrik Pty Ltd NSWSC 1357.
This case relates to the exercise of an option to renew a commercial lease. The lease relevantly granted the tenant an option to renew for an additional 5 year period subject to the tenant giving the landlord notice no less than six months before the expiration of the initial term.
However, the lease also provided that any notice must be addressed to the landlord and would be "sufficiently served if it was served personally, sent to the lessor's facsimile number or sent by prepaid post". Importantly, this section did not allow for notices to be served by email.
Approximately 7 months before the expiration of the lease, the tenant purported to exercise an option to renew a commercial lease by way of an email to the sole director of the landlord. On this basis, the landlord disputed that the notice was not validly served under the lease on the basis that, amongst other things, the contract did not allow notices to be served via an email.
The tenant subsequently commenced proceedings in the Supreme Court of NSW seeking specific performance of the option to renew provision of the lease.
The Court found that the language of the notice provision was 'facultative', but not 'mandatory', and therefore it did not prescribe an exhaustive list of the available methods of service. On this basis, the Court held that an email was a satisfactory method of service in the circumstances and, that the option to renew was validly exercised as it was addressed to the sole director of the landlord and served within the prescribed timeframe.
This significance of this case is that it highlights that the valid exercise of notice depends on the interpretation of the terms of the lease, or indeed any other contract, as a whole.
It is important to note that although the use of technology and electronic communication is becoming increasingly popular, it is imperative to carefully review the terms of the agreement when determining how notice can be served and whether or not it can be validly served by way of email to avoid the risk of losing the benefit of a contractual rights, such as an option to renew.
This article was written by Associate David Addinall.
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As AI becomes increasingly pervasive in healthcare companies need to be aware that a new simple attack on their AI imaging and diagnostic systems could cause untold chaos, and even result in deaths.
Recently we’ve seen how a duelling AI that adjusted a pixel or two in a selfie defeated state of the art facial recognition systems. While on the one hand these type of hacks could be used to let terrorists potentially evade border security, in another industry, healthcare, these same hacks, it turns out can turn the same powerful Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that are meant to analyze medical images like X-Rays into worthless binary scrap. And there may be enormous incentives to carry out such attacks for healthcare fraud and other nefarious ends, say the researchers who just successfully carried the attack out.
AI systems known as deep learning neural networks are increasingly helping analyse medical images. For example, recently AI became better at diagnosing lung diseases than doctors, as well as skin cancer and other diseases.
Then, in April, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the approval of the first AI system that can be used for medical diagnosis without the input of a human clinician. Given the costs of healthcare in the US, one might imagine that AI could help make medical imaging cheaper by taking humans out of the loop, say Finlayson, Beam, and their colleagues in the study.
The researchers examined how difficult it was to fool medical image analysis software. Computer scientists regularly test deep learning systems with so-called “adversarial examples” crafted to make the AIs misclassify them in order to find out the possible limitations of current deep learning methods.
The scientists note there may be major incentives to attack medical image analysis software. The healthcare economy is huge, with the US alone spending roughly $3.3 trillion, or 17.8 percent of GDP, on healthcare in 2016, and medical fraud is already routine. One 2014 study estimated medical fraud cost as much as $272 billion in 2011.
In the new study, the researchers tested deep learning systems with adversarial examples on three popular medical imaging tasks, classifying diabetic retinopathy from retinal images, pneumothorax from chest X-rays, and melanoma from skin photos. In such attacks, pixels within images are modified in a way that might seem like a minimal amount of noise to humans, but could trick these systems into classifying all these pictures incorrectly.
There are many possible reasons that deep learning systems might be attacked for medical fraud, the researchers say. With eye images, they note insurers might want to reduce the rate of surgeries they have to pay for. With chest X-rays, they note companies running clinical trials might want to get the results they want, given that one 2017 study estimated the median revenues across individual cancer drugs was as high as $1.67 billion four years after approval. With skin photos, the researchers note that dermatology in the US operates under a model wherein a physician or practice is paid for the procedures they perform, causing some dermatologists to perform a huge number of unnecessary procedures to boost revenue.
Such attacks might also be carried out to sabotage the test results of patients so they do not get the treatment they need.
Another way to defend against these kinds of attacks is to shore up medical infrastructure.
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During the Olympics many big brands invested huge dollars in sponsorship — but which sports fans represent the greatest revenue opportunity? A recent report by Hitwise found that UK tennis fans are more inclined to be shopping on fashion retailers such as Oasis, Urban Outfitters and Nike Store compared to the average online population.
In light of the US Open, interest and searches related to tennis remain high. Retailers have the opportunity to align their brand with the tennis audience in particular, since they tend to engage more heavily with apparel sites than the average consumer does.
There are also a number of affiliate and voucher code sites that over-index for sports audiences, such as Quidco and HotUKDeals, showing that these audiences tend to seek product discounts and deals.
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Recommend I wonder if it works.
Netural written by mobile I received a week or so about goods.
I think it's about two hours after taking it.
Netural written by mobile I screamed for my sickness.
Highly Recommend written by mobile I received the product today.
Recommend written by mobile I think there's definitely an effect.
It is good to prepare the sanitary napkins for two days after taking the medicine.
It was delivered in a good condition. I hope that it works really well.
Good shipping is fast! I hope you succeed with this diet.
I've been thinking about advertising and I like it, but I also like it. I do not know. It is an exaggerated advertisement. ㅜㅜ ..... !!!
Good luck with your diet. Please eat this, please.
First of all, delivery is very fast ~ ^^ ;; This alone is satisfactory.
It is well received and shipping is fast and cheap.
Well, I'm eating it a little better.
I am satisfied with fast delivery. If it works, I'll have to order another one.
I have been eating for about a month. It's okay to eat while exercising.
The contents of the advertisement are said to drink medicine.
In Japan, I write it as medicine to drink even medicine.
I translate it directly as it is, so I drink it and it is translated.
- ー ー 일이 에서는 약 에 대해 서는 입자 의 약 주 도 마시 라고 표기 합니다.
일로어 그대로 관사 해 라기 때문에 마시면 베역 되어 와습니다.
[복부지방 전용 다이어트 서플리 모음] 2개세트 구성 / 무료배송 / 와칸센 / 신와칸센 / 나이시토루Z / 나이시토루G / 다이어트의 계절!
쿨~쿨~ 자는 동안 충격의 다이어트!다이어트는 이제는 자는동안간단히!
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In this era of globalization, the world has become a global village and with the advancement of science and technology, the world has been unified. The major sector which has greatly influenced and benefitted by the globalisation is – Tourism. In this essay, there would be discussion on one such tourism destination region – France, and there would also be discussion and comparison with the theories and there would also be an attempt to find out in what way it is similar or different to a model tourist destination region, the factors responsible for it and the exceptions. The main reason for the choice of France as a tourist destination region for the essay is because France is one of the most visited tourist region and has a beautiful amalgamation of medieval and modern architects. It is home to 43 world heritage sites, has scenic and mesmerising geographical features, a rich culture, excellent connectivity, stable political condition to back it for being a dream destination.
iscussion on one such tourism destination region – France, and there would also be discussion and comparison with the theories and there would also be an attempt to find out in what way it is similar or different to a model tourist destination region, the factors responsible for it and the exceptions. The main reason for the choice of France as a tourist destination region for the essay is because France is one of the most visited tourist region and has a beautiful amalgamation of medieval and modern architects. It is home to 43 world heritage sites, has scenic and mesmerising geographical features, a rich culture, excellent connectivity, stable political condition to back it for being a dream destination.
Since 1990s, the country of France is considered to be world's hottest or we can say the one of the most favourite tourist destination internationally considering tourist arrivals. According to World Trade Organisation (WTO) reports in 2012, there was tourist arrival estimated to 83 million in France, which was more than United States (67 million). The estimate was 57.7 million in Spain and China. France is one of the most attractive destinations, if not the most, with large quantity of tourist attraction area such as monuments, museums, coastal areas and festivals. Apart from the leading position, there is less generation of tourism expenditure in France than many other countries. It also ranks third in tourism expenditure globally (Corne, 2015). This is the so-called “French tourism paradox”. Moreover, tourism has contribution of $54 billion in French economy. This is lesser to United States (126 billion) and also Spain (56 billion). It can also be added that tourism is a strategic global market, that had generated $1040 bn in the year 2012 globally, that according to WTO represents 9% of GDP globally.
Tourist travel to France for a number of reasons which will be discussed later, but one of the major reason which contributes to its tourism is the Fashion industry. Often described as the fashion capital (or Fashion Mecca) of the world, Paris is home to some of the most famous brands of the fashion world. Thus the fashion industry has been very instrumental in making France a tourist destination region as a considerable amount of tourist visit France and especially Paris for shopping. Hence, shopping is one prime motivational factor for tourist to consider and visit France. Also, as per Crompton’s model of Motivation, Shopping acts as a pull factor on the tourists, as they have to travel to France for things they won’t get at any other place of the world.
We will briefly discuss the main factors which has been responsible for helping France become one of the most visited places in the World. The first factor is the natural attraction. Places like Eiffel Tower, Bordeaux, Historic site of Lyon, Bourses Cathedral and many more are known to attract tourists who are looking for aesthetic experience and want to escape from the mundane life cycle (UNESCO, 2017). In all there are 43 world heritage sites that France has to offer to the world and is a major pull factor (Corne, 2015). The second reason consist of accessibility. France is well connected with all the major cities of the world by air and is connected with the European countries through Euro rail and it is accessible round the year which is one of the main reason for high tourist turnout. The third reason consists the local culture and people. French citizens are known for their rich culture, hospitality and warmth and are very welcoming to the tourists, this is another significant factor that has led to the region being a most sought after destination. Moreover the French cuisine also has an impact on the tourism as the preference for local specialties ranks third in the factors for taking any trip (19%). It comes after attraction of the landscapes (55%), and cultural heritage (26%). The three given factors form the criteria for various tourist campaigns and advertisements, as they are closely related in the minds of the travelers. Furthermore, two major stances as observed in regard to tourists' interest are the local food and the culture in the trip (Bessiere and Tibere 2013). Also the people are tolerant and the society is a cosmopolitan society. The one factor which has been a matter of concern these days is related to security. The security situation in the country has been has been deteriorated and because of a series of unfortunate terror attacks the tourism sector has witnessed a major dip, as discussed in the later parts of this essay.
The Asian regions like China, India, Sri Lanka as well as South American regions like Brazil, Argentina and even the Australian market is hot favorite for generating tourism for France and a considerable amount of people from the above mentioned regions travel to France for holidays and vacations (Bessiere and Tibere 2013). Thanks to the improved economic condition of Asian countries and increase in the per capita income of people, which has been an advantage to French tourism industry. In the figure given below (figure 1), there has been given, the estimated earnings of France from tourism that shows growing trend.
The hospitality industry is often referred to as the backbone of the tourism industry and it is so in the case of France. The tourism and travel industry in France contains revenues from the passenger airlines, restaurants, leisure attractions, hotels, gaming; and casinos (UNESCO, 2017). The leisure places include revenue generation from attractions for recreation like historical sites, museums, and historical institutions; arcades and amusement parks. Thus we can say that the French tourism is an example of open system (whole system) as it interacts with its environment.
In this essay we also tried to analyze the travel and tourism market by considering and evaluating following factors- providers in tourism and travel services, encompassing restaurants, hotels, airlines, and railway operators, gaming establishments as well as leisure attractions. The main buyers comprise of tourism and travel services related consumers, including corporate and public customers, as well as individual end users, and a wide variety of suppliers to the various segments of the travel and tourism industry, for example fuel providers to airlines, and food providers to hotels and restaurants as the key suppliers Bessiere and Tibere 2013)..
It has been found that there exists a strong rivalry between competitors in the tourism and travel in France as there is great competition across all sectors and segments in this industry. The competition arises from the fact there is great amount of buyers in this industry and that the air travels; restaurants; hotels; are often considered to be non essential and expensive, relatively. This makes the service to be overreaching for common public. The services in the restaurant and hotel sector are very differentiated and there is also great importance of branding for the competitors. The major suppliers in the supply chain include aircraft manufacturers; fuel companies; suppliers of food, drinks in hotels and restaurants. The supply chain also includes employees that are low paid in the hotel and restaurant industry. There is high market entry barrier in the railway and airline segment where the regulations and high capital investment create market barriers. On the other hand, the hotel and restaurant industry is within the reach of small businesses and self catering service in transport system such as cycle or car are cheaper and affordable for the small businesses though there is greater threat of substitutes. In the airline industry, where there is difficulty in maintaining profitability, there exists high level of rivalry.
Tourism and environment goes hand in hand, and in this era of global warming, where the natural resources are squeezed out and irresponsibly exploited, the practice sustainable tourism is the need of the hour. France has taken serious steps towards it by making better involvement of the stakeholders such as the tour agents, tourists; economic operators and the decision makers in the central and local administration. The stakeholders also include research and education institutions and associations such as NGOs and others. This is necessary for promotion of solidarity and cooperation values so that there can be positive impact on the public that would include the international tourists as well as regional; inhabitants. This would also have positive impact on the employees, providing them effective working conditions, professional training and facilities of accommodation for the temporary or permanent employees. The effort is also to provide support to the tourist offices such as the Office de tourism de Doué la Fontaine and other unions such as Coimnunauté de Coimnunes de la Région de Doué la Fontaine or Communauté de Coimnunes de la Région de Chemillé in France. Thèse union bodies or communes have signifiant role in the regional development as they look after development of tourism Pascariu and Tiganasu, 2014).
There has been a significant decline in the number of tourist visiting France in the recent years. There are a number of reasons responsible for it. The first one is related to the security. The recent brutal terrorist attacks have badly hit the tourism sector as tourists are concerned about their safety and security. France has been the center of various violent attacks and the worst affected area has been the tourism industry in France that is considered that stands as the second best valuable industry in global tourism and employs about 2 million people. There have been about 14 assaults in the last 2 years, most centered on Belgium and that has worsened the conditions for tourism. Another factor which has contributed to the decline of tourism is the Eurozone turmoil. Moreover, the government’s decision to increase the VAT (including a 2014 VAT increase from 7% to 10%) for restaurant food and similar services has added woes for the tourism in the region and thus has squeezed the French restaurants industry. Then there are other factors like, slowing growth of Asian economies like China and India (the two most populous countries in the world) has caused serious concerns for the French tourism industry, as they contribute greatly to its tourism and are its important market (Not all shows must go on; terror and tourism in France, 2016).
It is believed that the government will take strict actions for addressing issues in the tourism industry. Measures are also needed also for improving the security condition in the tourism sector so that the country can regain its lost pride and trust.
The assignment has been a great learning experience for me as I had been able to understand my potential. Moreover, I was able identify my strength as well as the areas where I need to put some extra efforts to improve and better my literacy skills. I was able to improve my critical and creative thinking skills. In the beginning I was facing some challenges with the referencing of articles and journals and moreover I also struggled to find the content for research but by the end of the assignment I have been able to successfully learn these valuable skills which will go a long way in my life. This assignment has been very fruitful for me as I was able to inculcate the skill of locating, filtering, evaluating and effectively using the right information from an ocean of information. The assignment also helped me in improving my vocabulary and boosted my overall confidence and morale.
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The organ (from Greek όργανον organon, "organ, instrument, tool"), is a keyboard instrument of one or more divisions, each played with its own keyboard operated either with the hands or with the feet. The organ is a relatively old musical instrument in the Western musical tradition, dating from the time of Ctesibius of Alexandria who is credited with the invention of the hydraulis. By around the 8th century it had overcome early associations with gladiatorial combat and gradually assumed a prominent place in the liturgy of the Catholic Church; subsequently it has re-emerged as a secular and recital instrument.
Pipe organs use wind moving through pipes to produce sounds. Since the 16th century, pipe organs have used various materials of pipes, which can vary widely in timbre and volume. The pipes are divided into ranks and controlled by the use of hand stops and/or combination pistons. Although the keyboard is not expressive as on a piano and does not affect dynamics (pressing a key only turns the sound on or off), some divisions may be enclosed in a swell box, allowing the dynamics to be controlled by shutters. Some special registers with free reed pipes are expressive. These instruments vary greatly in size, ranging from a cubic yard to a height reaching five floors, and are built in churches, synagogues, concert halls, and homes. Small organs are called positive (i. e. easily placed in different locations) or portative (small enough to carry while playing). Increasingly hybrid organs are appearing in which pipes are augmented with electronic additions. Great economies of space as well as cost are possible especially when the lowest (and largest) of the pipes can be replaced.
Non-piped organs include the reed organ or harmonium, which like the accordion, harmonica or mouth organ use air to excite free reeds.
Electronic organs or digital organs generate electronically produced sound through one or more loudspeakers. .
The pipe organ is the grandest musical instrument in size and scope, and has existed in its current form since the 14th century (though other designs, such as the hydraulic organ, were already used in Antiquity). Along with the clock, it was considered one of the most complex human-made creations before the Industrial Revolution. Pipe organs range in size from a single short keyboard to huge instruments with over 10,000 pipes. A large modern organ typically has three or four keyboards (manuals) with five octaves (61 notes) each, and a two-and-a-half octave (32-note) pedal board.
The Baroque Leżajsk organ, built by Stanisław Studziński and Jan Głowiński in 1693, has mechanical controls (tracker system) and 75 voices. It consists in fact of three separate instruments, this is why three organists can play simultaneously.
Most organs in North America, South America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand can be seen in Christian churches or Jewish synagogues. Therefore is generally called a church organ. The introduction of church organs is traditionally attributed to Pope Vitalian in the 7th century. Due to its ability to simultaneously provide a musical foundation below the vocal register, support in the vocal register, and increased brightness above the vocal register, the organ is ideally suited to accompany human voices, whether a congregation, a choir or a cantor or soloist. Most services also include solo organ repertoire for independent performance rather than by way of accompaniment, often as a prelude at the beginning the service and a postlude at the conclusion of the service.
Today this organ may be a pipe organ (see above), a digital or electronic organ that generates the sound with Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chips or a combination of pipes and electronics. It may be called a church organ or classical organ to differentiate it from the theater organ, which is a different style of instrument. However, as classical organ repertoire was developed for the pipe organ and in turn influenced its development, the line between a church and a concert organ is hard to draw.
Organs are also used to give recital concerts, called organ recitals. In the early 20th century, symphonic organs flourished in secular venues in the United States and UK, designed to replace symphony orchestras by playing transcriptions of orchestral pieces. Symphonic and orchestral organs largely fell out of favor as the Orgelbewegung (Organ Reform Movement) took hold in the middle of the 20th century and organ builders began to look to historical models for inspiration in constructing new instruments. Today, modern builders construct organs in a variety of styles and for both secular and sacred applications.
Unification gives a smaller instrument the capability of a much larger one, and works well for monophonic styles of playing (chordal, or chords with solo voice). The sound is, however, thicker and more homogeneous than a classically designed organ, and is very often reliant on the use of tremulant, which has a depth greater than that usually found on a classical organ. Unification also allows pipe ranks to be played from more than one manual and the pedals.
A chord organ with array of chord buttons on left side.
The Hammond organ was the first successful electric organ, released in the 1930s. It used mechanical, rotating tonewheels to produce the sound waveforms. Its system of drawbars allowed for setting volumes for specific sounds, and it provided vibrato-like effects. The drawbars allow the player to choose volume levels of 0-8 for each of the members of the harmonic series starting from 16'. By emphasizing certain harmonics from the overtone series, desired sounds (such as 'brass' or 'string') can be imitated. Generally, the older Hammond drawbar organs had only preamplifiers and were connected to an external, amplified speaker. The Leslie speaker became the most popular, which is a rotating type speaker. The three most popular models of Hammond organs were the consoles: the B-3, C-3, and A-100. Inside all three models, the tone generators, drawbars, and keyboards were identical. The B-3 cabinet stood on 4 legs, the C-3 was an enclosed "church" model, and the A100 series had built in amplifiers and speakers.
In addition to these console models, Hammond also produced spinet models, which differed from the consoles in the size of keyboard (44 keys per keyboard versus 61 for the consoles, and 12 or 13 pedals instead of 25) and the absence of foldback and scaling in the keyboards making them cheaper to manufacture. Other features of the console organs such as vibrato or percussion were included in the spinets; all the spinet models featured a built in amplifier and speaker; when used with the external amplified speaker (e.g.: Leslie) they sound similar to the console models. These smaller all-in-one organs were intended primarily for use in homes or very small churches.
Conn-Selmer and Rodgers, dominant in more larger instrument market, also made electronic organs that used separate oscillators for each note, giving them a richer sound, closer to a pipe organ, due to the slight imperfections in tuning, by not using precise division.
Also available are hybrids, starting from early 20th century, which incorporating a few ranks of pipes to produce some sounds, and using electronic circuits or digital samples for other sounds and to resolve borrowing collisions. Major manufacturers include Allen, Walker, Compton, Wicks, Marshall & Ogletree, Phoenix, Makin Organs, Wyvern Organs and Rodgers.
Virtual Pipe Organs, played via MIDI, access samples of real pipe organs stored on a computer, as opposed to digital organs that use DSP and processor hardware inside a console to produce sounds or deliver sound samples. They have high polyphony (up to about 40,000 pipes/1PC), which is necessary as there is a sample for every single pipe on the organ, plus samples and modeling effects such as mechanical action noise and pipe wind fluctuations. Addition of touch screen monitors or custom midi controllers allows the user to control the virtual organ console (drawing stops, operating couplers etc.) In its basic form, without a traditional wooden console, a Virtual Organ can be obtained at a much lower cost than other digital classical organs. With Stereo or mulitple channel audio systems, virtual organs can approach the acoustic realism of a real pipe organ. For example, for most Virtual Organs with a pedal division containing 16 ft or 32 ft pipes, a subwoofer arrangement is required to reproduce the powerful movement of air at frequencies around 32 Hz or lower. For personal purpose, typically small studio quality near-field monitors with subwoofer are used.
After Bach, the organ's prominence gradually lost ground to the piano. Felix Mendelssohn, A.P.F. Boëly, and César Franck led a resurgence in the mid-19th century, leading a Romantic movement that would be carried further by Max Reger, Charles-Marie Widor, Louis Vierne, and others. In the 20th century, composers such as Marcel Dupré, Kaikhosru Sorabji and Olivier Messiaen added significant contributions to the organ repertoire.
Church-style pipe organs are occasionally used in popular music. In some cases, groups have sought out the sound of the pipe organ, such as Tangerine Dream, and Arrogant Worms, which combined the distinctive sounds of electronic synthesizers and pipe organs when it recorded both music albums and videos in several cathedrals in Europe. Rick Wakeman of British progressive rock group Yes also used pipe organ to excellent effect in a number of the group's albums (including Close to the Edge and Going for the One). Wakeman has also used pipe organ in his solo pieces such as "Jane Seymour" from The Six Wives Of Henry VIII and "Judas Iscariot" from Criminal Record. Even more recently, he has recorded an entire album of organ pieces – Rick Wakeman at Lincoln Cathedral. Likewise, Keith Emerson used a pipe organ with The Nice and progressive rock group Emerson, Lake and Palmer on their earlier albums on the songs "The Three Fates," "The Only Way" and "Promenade." George Duke employed the pipe organ in a flamboyant manner in the piece "50/50" on the Frank Zappa album Over-Nite Sensation. Dennis DeYoung of American rock group Styx used the pipe organ at Chicago's St. James Cathedral on the song "I'm O.K." on the group's 1978 album Pieces of Eight. In 2000 Radiohead frontman Thom Yorke played the organ on the Kid A album to great effect, most notably in "Motion Picture Soundtrack". More recently, Arcade Fire have used a church organ on the songs "Intervention" and "My Body Is a Cage" on their second album Neon Bible. Muse have also used a church organ on their album Origin of Symmetry in the form of "Megalomania", played by their frontman Matt Bellamy. It has been performed live only once on a pipe organ, at the Royal Albert Hall. Roger Hodgson (formerly of Supertramp) used a pipe organ for the songs Say Goodbye, Open the Door and Danielle in 2000 for the album Open the Door.
On the other hand, electronic organs and electromechanical organs such as the Hammond organ have an established role in a number of non-"Classical" genres, such as blues, jazz, gospel, and 1960s and 1970s rock music. Electronic and electromechanical organs were originally designed as lower-cost substitutes for pipe organs. Despite this intended role as a sacred music instrument, electronic and electromechanical organs' distinctive tone-often modified with electronic effects such as vibrato, rotating Leslie speakers, and overdrive-became an important part of the sound of popular music. Billy Preston and Iron Butterfly's Doug Ingle have featured organ on popular recordings such as "Let it Be" and "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida", respectively. Well-known rock artists using the Hammond organ include Bob Dylan, Counting Crows, Pink Floyd, Hootie & the Blowfish, Sheryl Crow, and Deep Purple.
Recent performers of Popular organ music include William Rowland of Broken Arrow, Oklahoma who is noted for his compositions of "Piano Rags," which he plays on a Wurlitzer theatre organ in Miami, Oklahoma; George Wright (1920–1998) whose "Jealousie" and "Puttin on the Ritz" are some of the finest performances of this genre and Virgil Fox (1912–1980), who bridged both the classical and religious areas of music with pop and so-called Heavy Organ concerts that he played on an electronic organ accompanied by a light show similar to those created in the 1960s for rock concerts. Jimmy Smith was a famous jazz organist of the 20th century.
The American Theatre Organ Society ATOS has been instrumental in programs to preserve the instruments originally installed in theatres for accompaniment of silent movies. In addition to local chapter events they hold an annual convention each year, highlighting performers and instruments in a specific locale. These instruments feature the Tibia pipe family as their foundation stops and regular use of tremulants. They were usually equipped with mechanical percussion accessories, pianos, and other imitative sounds useful in creating movie sound accompaniments such as auto horns, doorbells, and bird whistles.
Nancy Faust playing at the Chicago White Sox.
In the United States and Canada, organ music is commonly associated with several sports, most notably baseball and ice hockey.
The baseball organ has been referred to as "an accessory to the overall auditory experience of the ballpark." The first team to introduce an organ during breaks of play (before and after games, in between innings, and during longer stoppages) was the Chicago Cubs, who put an organ in Wrigley Field as an experiment in 1941 for two games. Ebbets Field, home of the Brooklyn Dodgers, hired baseball's first full-time organist, Gladys Goodding, the following year. Over the years, many ballparks caught on to the trend, and many organists became well-known and associated with their parks or signature tunes: Eddie Layton playing at Yankee Stadium for over 50 years, Jane Jarvis greeting the New York Mets at Shea Stadium with their club song "Meet the Mets", Ernie Hays serenading a Busch Memorial Stadium crowd with "Here Comes the King", Nancy Bea as the organist for the Dodgers, Chicago favorite Nancy Faust urging Chicago White Sox fans to tell an opposing pitcher or a Pale Hose home run to "Na Na Hey Hey (Kiss Him Goodbye)" or Rick DePiro playing for Cleveland Indians games and known for his youth and controversy with songs like "If I Only Had A Brain" played often for the Umpires. During the 1990s, several teams fired their organists and replaced them entirely with recorded music and sound effects. However, many fans support organs at ballparks, believing it to be a traditional aspect of the game. As a result, several teams (notably the St. Louis Cardinals and Pittsburgh Pirates) have begun to feature organ music more prominently, and in 2009 the Atlanta Braves re-introduced an organist at Turner Field, even going so far as to promote his Twitter feed to take requests from fans.
Regal, a small portable late-medieval instrument with reed pipes and two bellows.
16th century - useless resonance pipes were removed, and regal became a beating-reed organ.
Recorder, a kind of fipple flute that uses the same mechanism for sound production as the pipe organ.
Asian free reed instruments, such as the Chinese Sheng, Lusheng, Hulusi, Yu, Bawu, and Hulusheng, plus the Japanese Shō, Thai Khene, and Korean Saenghwang are known to be the inspiration for the western reed organ.
^ Organ is considered to have been invented from more old musical instrument like a panpipes, therefore it is not the oldest musical instrument, naturally.
^ (English) Mirosław Gieroń. "The Bernardine Monastery in Leżajsk". www.wrota.podkarpackie.pl. http://www.wrota.podkarpackie.pl/en/culture/relics/monuments/bernardine_monastery. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
^ "Hans van Koolwijk homepage". http://www.hansvankoolwijk.nl.
^ Magnus Organ Homepage - In the 1960s, Magnus introduced their famous Electric Chord Organs to compete with Hammond.
^ Greek and Roman Pipe Organs, Bellum Catiline - two items from "The Story of the Organ" by C.F. Abdy Williams, published in 1903 by Walter Scott Publishing.
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Can an assessee with no tax liability also file return on line?
My understanding is that on line return is only for assessee with tax liability so that they can pay tax online.
a clause in a lease agreement says rent inclusive of all taxes. is it inclusive of service tax also?
the tenant argues that the rent is inclusive of service tax also, and is refusing to pay service tax. does the wordings inclusive of all taxes include service tax also?
Income tax Rebate on interest paid on education loan is applicable to higher education in india or abroad also?
Income tax rebate on higher education loan is applicable or on interest paid on education loan ? Is it applicable only in India or abroad also.
Whether a charitable trust also is entitled for threshold income tax limit?
A charitable trust earns income from interest on fixed deposits in banks totalling below maximum limit not liable for income tax. Does the trust also is entitled for basic exemption under income tax? Are there any conditions?
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0.965187 |
"Gabrielle Douglas is an American artistic gymnast. She was a member of the United States women's national gymnastics team, dubbed the Fierce Five by the media, at the 2012 Summer Olympics, where she won gold medals in the individual all-around and team competitions. She was also a member of the gold-winning American team at the 2011 and the 2015 World Championships, and the all-around silver medalist at the 2015 World Championships. She was part of the Final Five at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where she won gold in the team competition.
Douglas is the first African American or the first of African descent of any nationality in Olympic history to become the individual all-around champions, and the first U.S. gymnast to win gold in both the individual all-around and team competitions at the same Olympics. She and Simone Biles are the only two American all-around champions to win multiple gold medals in a single Olympic Games. Douglas is the first female reigning Olympic all-around champion to return to the World Championships and medal in the all-around since Elena Davydova in 1981. Gabby Douglas was also the 2016 AT&T American Cup all-around champion.
At the 2012 Olympic Trials held in San Jose, California on July 1, Douglas placed first in the all-around rankings, securing the only guaranteed spot on the women's Olympic gymnastic team.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics gymnastics event at the O2 Arena (North Greenwich Arena) in London, Douglas and her teammates - Weiber, McKayla Maroney, captain Aly Raisman and Kyla Ross (collectively nicknamed the "Fierce Five"), won the team event gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics - the first since the "Magnificent Seven", including Shannon Miller, Dominique Moceanu, Kerri Strug and Dominique Dawes, did so as hosts in Atlanta in 1996. Douglas was the only gymnast on the team to compete on all four apparatus (vault, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise) during the qualifying round and during the finals of the team competition. She then won the gold medal in the individual all-around, becoming the first African-American woman, as well as the first woman of color of any nationality, to win the event. She also became the fourth American woman to win Olympic all-around gold as well as the third straight to do so (after Mary Lou Retton in Los Angeles in 1984, Carly Patterson in Athens in 2004 and Nastia Liukin in Beijing in 2008, all of whom were at the venue and watched Douglas equal their feat.) She also became the first American gymnast ever to win both the team and individual all-around gold at the same Olympics.
On August 7, Douglas competed in the Women's Qualification at the 2016 Summer Olympics at the HSBC Arena (Arena Olimpica de Rio) in Rio de Janeiro. She scored a 15.166 on the vault, a 15.766 on the uneven bars, a 14.833 on the balance beam, and a 14.366 on the floor exercise. Along with the team final, she individually qualified into the uneven bars final. Douglas narrowly missed advancing to the all-around final to defend her title despite tallying the third-highest score in the preliminaries, since she was outscored by teammates Biles and Raisman and rules only allow two competitors from one NOC, similar to Wieber four years ago in London. Gabby also changed coaches during the competition, but kept her assistant coach.
Douglas helped the United States win a second consecutive gold medal in the team event, which was also her third Olympic gold medal. When the team final scores were announced, Douglas and her teammates called themselves the "Final Five" in honor of coach Marta Karolyi's retirement and the team size being reduced to four beginning in 2020. During the podium ceremony when the national anthem was played, Douglas received criticism on social media for not placing her hand on her heart, which was seen by some as controversial since her role in the 2016 team had diminished compared to the 2012 squad.
Douglas finished seventh in the uneven bars event final.
In December 2012, the Associated Press named Douglas the Female Athlete of the Year. She became the fourth gymnast to receive the honor.
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I could actually write a book on the great service that you provide to our customers and us. You always act on a request in the shortest possible time, attend promptly and carry out the work in an appropriate time frame and deliver great customer care and professionalism to all our customers. You always keep us updated and informed on the progress. I give you 10 out of 10.
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