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10050158
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etzelwang
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Etzelwang
|
Etzelwang is a municipality in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach in Bavaria in Germany.
History
Etzelwang has existed as a parish since the second half of the 11th century. However, the present municipality of Etzelwang was not created until the Bavarian administrative reforms of 1972 to 1975. It was created from the political units of Neidstein, Kirchenreinbach, and Schmidtstadt.
Name
Etzel comes from the same root as Heinrich or English Henry. It is not certain which Heinrich gave his name to the parish and subsequently to the municipality. It is possible that it refers to Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich II, who founded the bishopric of Bamberg, to which the parish belonged.
Sights
Places of interest in Etzelwang include the following:
Schloss Neidstein, a castle once owned by actor Nicolas Cage.
St. Nikolaus church
The church was originally dedicated in 1059, but subsequently destroyed. The present church was built from 1721 to the completion of the tower in 1763.
Ruins of Burg Hauseck
Neutras cliffs
Burg Rupprechtstein
Hofmark of Kirchenreinbach
Church of St. Ulrich in Kirchereinbach
References
Amberg-Sulzbach
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49743394
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand%20Trade%20and%20Economic%20Office
|
Thailand Trade and Economic Office
|
The Thailand Trade and Economic Office (Thai: สำนักงานการค้าและเศรษฐกิจไทย S̄ảnạkngān Kār Kĥā Læa Ṣ̄ers̄ʹṭ̄hkic Thịy) () is the representative office of Thailand in Taiwan, functioning as a de facto embassy in the absence of diplomatic relations.
It was first established in February 1976 as the Thai Airways International Ltd. Office, before adopting its present name in September 1992. Prior to the establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, Thailand was represented by the Royal Thai Embassy in Taipei.
Its counterpart body in Thailand is the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Thailand in Bangkok.
See also
List of diplomatic missions in Taiwan
List of diplomatic missions of Thailand
References
External links
Thailand Trade and Economic Office
1976 establishments in Taiwan
Thailand
Diplomatic missions of Thailand
Foreign trade of Thailand
Taiwan–Thailand relations
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33998211
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory%20Shvedov
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Gregory Shvedov
|
Grigory Sergeyevich Shvedov (Григорий Сергеевич Шведов, born 14 October 1976) is a Russian human rights activist and journalist, known for his efforts in promoting human rights in Russia, most notably in the Caucasus region. He is currently the editor-in-chief of the Caucasian Knot (Кавказский узел), an online news medium established to provide unbiased information regarding political oppression, human rights violations, and the ongoing violent conflict throughout the region. In 2012, he received the Geuzenpenning for his efforts.
Career
Memorial International
Initially, before the creation of the Caucasian Knot, Shvedov worked with the international society Memorial, a group that focuses on researching and educating people on past political oppression, the consequences, and how it relates to their world today. The group initially started in 1989 in Moscow by initiating protests against human rights violations. Ten years later Shvedov began his work with Memorial. From 2001-2004 he conducted regional and inter-regional projects that focused on educating and informing the people on regional issues. From 2002-2006 he was a supervisor of 70 regional branches across Russia and other FSU countries. He still serves as a board member, and is the Director of the MEMO.RU Information Agency.
Caucasian Knot
Currently Shvedov is the Editor-in-Chief of the Caucasian Knot, an independent information medium that was initially under the auspices of Memorial International. The site was initially founded in 2001 by Memorial, the English version came into operation beginning in August 2003, and in 2007 it became an independent site. Initially, Memorial founded the site as an information resource dedicated to the Caucasus states, since then they have transformed themselves into a professional news source. Shvedov has a simple goal for the site:
Caucasian Knot is more than a news broadcasting company. In Russia and the surrounding regions, reporting on crime and corruption can be dangerous to those involved. However, through the use of free Google applications that allow the 50 or so journalists to stay connected and report remotely from anywhere, the government cannot come knocking on the door, "We don't have a door, he explained. We don't have a newsroom at all."
This freedom not only allows the site to illuminate issues that officials may wish to keep in the dark, it also serves as a platform for discussion to those on the ground level, readers are encouraged to share and report on events going on in their location as well as interact with others on the site. Shvedov states that:
References
Living people
1976 births
Russian human rights activists
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42456327
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saphenista%20leuconigra
|
Saphenista leuconigra
|
Saphenista leuconigra is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Carchi Province, Ecuador.
The wingspan is about 26 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is cream white, the costa suffused with brownish and the dorsum and postmedian surface with grey. The hindwings are cream, in the apical part slightly mixed with ochreous.
Etymology
The species name refers to the colouration of the forewings and is derived from Greek/Latin leucos
(meaning white) and niger (meaning black).
References
Moths described in 2008
Saphenista
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13237232
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Florida%20State%20University%20athletes
|
List of Florida State University athletes
|
Florida State University has graduated a large number of athletes. This includes graduates, non-graduate former students and current students of Florida State who are notable for their achievements within athletics, sometimes before or after their time at Florida State. Other alumni can be found in the list of Florida State University alumni; notable administration, faculty, and staff can be found on the list of Florida State University faculty. Intercollegiate sports teams at Florida State are called "Seminoles", and are run by the Florida State Athletics. The Athletics program runs Florida State's Hall of Fame, which has inducted many of FSU's greatest players throughout the program's history.
As a major competitor in college athletics, Florida State University has many notable alumni including student athletes, coaches and staff members. Many of the most notable members are listed in FSU's Hall of Fame and represent all major collegiate sports. A number of FSU alumni have found success in professional sports, with 123 active alumni competing in sports including basketball, football, baseball and golf. In addition, FSU has produced three Heisman Trophy winners in Chris Weinke, Charlie Ward, and Jameis Winston. Notable Seminoles in professional golf include Brooks Koepka, back to back U.S. Open champion (2017, 2018), Jeff Sluman, and Hubert Green, and Paul Azinger, PGA Championship(1993) and Ryder Cup Captain(2008).
American football
Heisman Trophy winners
Baseball
Basketball (men's)
Basketball (women's)
Golf
PGA
LPGA
Gymnastics
Soccer
Softball
Swimming and diving
Tennis
Track and field
Volleyball
See also
Atlantic Coast Conference
Osceola and Renegade
"FSU Fight Song"
List of Florida State University people
References
External links
Official Florida State athletics site
Florida State University
Florida State University athletes
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30767532
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Princess%20with%20the%20Golden%20Star
|
The Princess with the Golden Star
|
The Princess with the Golden Star () is a 1959 Czech fairy tale fantasy film written and directed by Martin Frič.
Plot
A beautiful princess Lada was born with a golden star on her forehead. Her father the king Hostivít wants her to marry an evil and wealthy king Kazisvět VI, but Lada refuses. The princess dresses up in a fur coat made of mouse fur and runs away.
Cast
Marie Kyselková as Princess Lada
František Smolík as King Hostivít
Martin Růžek as King Kazisvět VI
Stanislav Neumann as Chef
Theodor Pištěk as Counsellor
Josef Vinklář as Cook Janek
Josef Zíma as Prince Radovan
Jarmila Kurandová as Nanny
References
External links
1959 films
1950s fantasy films
Czech films
Czechoslovak films
Czech-language films
Films directed by Martin Frič
Films based on fairy tales
Plays adapted into films
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54836052
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano%20Castrovilli
|
Gaetano Castrovilli
|
Gaetano Castrovilli (born 17 February 1997) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as midfielder for club Fiorentina and the Italy national team.
Club career
Castrovilli initially started playing football with the Minervino football school. At the age of 11, he joined the Bari youth system. He went on to make his debut for the first team in Serie B in 2015, and later broke into the starting line-up under manager Roberto Stellone during the 2016–17 season, making 11 appearances for the club in total.
His performances caught the attention of Fiorentina, and he was later sent on loan to join the Florentine youth side in order to take part in the Torneo di Viareggio in 2016, during which he scored a goal in a 1–1 draw against Argentine side Belgrano; the senior side eventually acquired him from Bari on a permanent basis that year for €400,000. After six months with the primavera side, in 2017 he was then sent on loan to Cremonese in Serie B for two seasons in 2017, where he made 53 appearances in total, scoring 5 goals.
In 2019, he returned to Fiorentina, and was included in Vincenzo Montella's first team plans; he went on to make his Serie A debut against Napoli later that year.
International career
Castrovilli made his senior debut for Italy under manager Roberto Mancini, on 15 November 2019, coming on as a late substitute for Lorenzo Insigne in a 3–0 away win over Bosnia and Herzegovina, in a Euro 2020 qualifier.
Following an injury to Lorenzo Pellegrini, Castrovilli was called-up in June 2021 by Mancini for Italy's UEFA Euro 2020 squad. He made his first and only appearance of the tournament in Italy's final group match, a 1–0 victory against Wales in Rome on 20 June, coming on as a late second-half substitute for Matteo Pessina; the result allowed them to top their group. On 11 July, Castrovilli won the European Championship with Italy following a 3–2 penalty shoot-out victory over England at Wembley Stadium in the final, after a 1–1 draw in extra-time.
Style of play
Castrovilli is a talented and versatile offensive–minded midfielder, with an eye for goal, who is capable of playing as an attacking midfielder or as an offensive–minded central midfielder, known as the mezzala role in Italian football jargon; he has also been deployed as a left winger, a position which allows him to cut onto his stronger right foot and shoot on goal. A fast, elegant, and dynamic player, despite not having a particularly low centre of gravity, he is capable of changing direction quickly, and is also known for his technique, dribbling skills, and use of feints, as well as his ability to exploit spaces and create a numerical advantage for his team when attacking with his late runs from deep. Due to his vision and intelligence, he is often involved in the build-up of attacking plays, although he is also known for his defensive work-rate, tackling, and ability to cover ground.
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
International
Italy
UEFA European Championship: 2020
Orders
5th Class / Knight: Cavaliere Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2021
References
External links
Lega Serie A Profile
FIGC Profile
1997 births
Living people
People from the Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani
Sportspeople from Apulia
Italian footballers
Italy youth international footballers
Italy under-21 international footballers
Italy international footballers
Association football midfielders
S.S.C. Bari players
ACF Fiorentina players
U.S. Cremonese players
Serie B players
Serie A players
UEFA Euro 2020 players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
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43466771
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhagium%20quadricostatus
|
Rhagium quadricostatus
|
Rhagium quadricostatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Podany in 1964.
References
Lepturinae
Beetles described in 1964
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34805092
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Brunswick%20Route%20490
|
New Brunswick Route 490
|
Route 490 is a north–south provincial highway in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The road runs from Route 116 intersection in Bass River. The road has a length of approximately 57.6 kilometres, and services small, otherwise isolated rural communities. In these areas, the highway is often unofficially referred to as "Main Street". When the highway enters Moncton it is known as McLaughlin Drive.
History
Intersecting routes
New Brunswick Route 116 in Bass River
New Brunswick Route 510 in Browns Yard
New Brunswick Route 470 in Pine Ridge
New Brunswick Route 515 in McLean Settlement
New Brunswick Route 485 in Sweeneyville
New Brunswick Route 515 in Hebert
New Brunswick Route 2 in Moncton
New Brunswick Route 115 in Moncton
River crossings
Richibucto River - Browns Yard
Richibucto River - Pine Ridge (2 crossings)
Bouctouche River - McLean Settlement
Bouctouche River - Gladside
Communities along Route
Bass River
Browns Yard
Pine Ridge
McLean Settlement
Gladeside
Dundas
McQuade
Ammon
Moncton
See also
List of New Brunswick provincial highways
References
490
490
490
490
Transport in Moncton
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37265844
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurab%2C%20Izeh
|
Gurab, Izeh
|
Gurab (, also Romanized as Gūrāb; also known as Gūrāb-e Nāshelīl) is a village in Holayjan Rural District, in the Central District of Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 283, in 52 families.
References
Populated places in Izeh County
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28195324
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubyeongsan
|
Gubyeongsan
|
Gubyeongsan is a mountain of Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea. It has an elevation of 876 metres.
See also
List of mountains of Korea
References
Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of North Chungcheong Province
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24666606
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetair-
|
Hetair-
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Hetair- or latinicized Hetaer- is a Greek linguistic root bearing the meaning of companion (cf. Latin Socii and societas). It is used in the following terms:
Ancient Greece
Hetairoi (sing. Hetairos), the name of the Macedonian aristocracy and later Companion cavalry
Hetaira (plural Hetairai), female sophisticated companions, courtesans
Hetairideia, a festival of Magnesians and Macedonians
Hetairiai or Ancient Greek clubs, associations of ancient Greeks who were united by a common interest or goal
Hetairia or Andreia, the Cretan terms for Doric Syssitia (common meals)
Hetaireios, an epithet of Zeus
Modern Greece
Filiki Eteria, a secret 19th century organization whose purpose was to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece and to establish an independent Greek state
The Greek term for company, found in many business names such as Jumbo Anonymi Etairia
Entomology
Hetaeria, or hairy jewel orchids, a genus in the family Orchidaceae
Hetaerina: a genus of damselfly
Hetaira (insect): a genus of bush crickets
Other uses
Hetaireia, a Byzantine imperial guard
Hetaerism, a theoretical early state of human society that practiced a polyamorous and communistic lifestyle; see Matriarchal religion
Words
Ancient Greece
Greek language
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34212671
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuantZ%20%28video%20game%29
|
QuantZ (video game)
|
QuantZ is a puzzle and strategy game released by publisher and developer Gamerizon, a small company out of Montreal, on September 3, 2009. The object of the game is to shoot differently colored marbles one at a time at a cube with other colored marbles on it. If a combination of three marbles of the same color or more is formed, those marbles will disappear, similar to Collapse.
Gameplay
QuantZ has three game modes, Strategy, Action, and Puzzle.
Reception
QuantZ received an 8.2 from GameZebo, which told players-to-be to "prepare for many hours of marble-bursting fun."
Testfreaks gave QuantZ a score of 9.0 out of 10.0
Metacritic assigned a metascore of 67 to QuantZ, based on different reviews.
References
External links
testfreaks.com
Gamerizon Quantz Plug
Strategy video games
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43247490
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochester%20Transit%20Corporation
|
Rochester Transit Corporation
|
Rochester Transit Corporation (RTC) was a privately owned, for-profit transit company that operated streetcar, rail, and bus transit in the city of Rochester and surrounding suburban areas from 1938 until 1968. The city-owned Rochester Subway was operated by RTC on a contract basis from 1938 until 1957. John F. Uffert and William A. Lang served as presidents during the course of operation.
History
The majority of streetcar and bus transit lines in Rochester were operated by the Rochester Railway Company, which was acquired by the New York State Railways in 1905. When New York State Railways entered receivership in 1929, stockholders campaigned to maintain their investment and reorganize Rochester Railway Company. A committee of investors led by attorney Howard M. Woods proposed a reorganization that would return the company to local control. After several years of negotiation, the plan was approved by the Public Service Commission in 1937.
Rail to bus conversion
The new Rochester Transit Corporation assumed operation of the old Rochester Lines of the New York State Railways on August 2, 1938. The Genesee Street line was closed on March 28, 1939, with the Lyell Avenue route following on April 23. Four more lines closed on May 23, including South Avenue, St. Paul, Seneca Park, and Summerville. In an effort to eliminate the costly rail transit lines, the company quickly put together a plan to replace the remaining streetcars with bus operation.
Bus/Trolley routes
1 Lake/Park
2 Thurston/Parsells
3 Lyell/Bay
4 Genesee/University
5 St.Paul/South
6 Jefferson/Webster
7 Monroe/N. Clinton
8 E.Main/Chili
9 Hudson/Mt. Read
10 Dewey/Portland
11 Joseph/S.Clinton
12 Goodman/West
13 Culver
14 Ridge
15 Norton/Britton
16 Emerson
17 East Avenue
19 S. Plymouth/Clifford
23 Titus
25 Subway
Following approval by the Public Service Commission in 1940, RTC carried out its plan to replace all trolleys with buses. The Thurston and Parsells routes were closed on December 24, 1940. On February 18, 1941, the Monroe Avenue and North Clinton lines were shut down. The Portland and Dewey lines followed a month later on March 11. The last day for streetcar service in Rochester was March 31 when the Main East and Lake Avenue lines were closed. The only rail operation which remained was the Rochester Subway, which was operated by RTC on a contract basis with the city.
Postwar era
In 1943 the board of directors rallied support to buy out the remainder of shares to put RTC back in local control. General manager John F. Uffert was elected president and kept the system running through the difficult war years. Postwar prosperity would bring labor unrest, and transit workers walked out in May 1952 in a disagreement over wages. After 23 days, the matter was sent to arbitration and operations resumed. Unfortunately, this incident would set the tone for labor relations throughout the rest of the company's history.
Ridership on the Rochester Subway sharply declined through the end of the 1940s, and RTC requested additional subsidy to continue operation. A new contract signed in 1951 eliminated all subsidy from the city in exchange for all subway passenger and freight revenues going directly to RTC. Losses continued to mount, and in 1952 Sunday and holiday service was eliminated. The city council voted in 1954 to end all subway service at the end of 1955 so the Subway roadbed could be offered to the state as a route for a new expressway connecting to the New York State Thruway at Victor. The Subway was operated on a month-to-month contract through 1955. With New York State committed to building the Eastern Expressway, the city council set June 30, 1956, as the last day of passenger operation. Rochester Transit continued to operate freight trains in the Subway until that responsibility was passed on to the connecting railroads at the end of August 1957.
The acquisition of new buses, the opening of the Eastern Expressway, and the adoption of a one-way street plan for downtown to alleviate congestion helped grow ridership in the 1960s. While stockholders were pleased on the return on their investment, transit workers remained unhappy. A two-day strike in 1965 helped gain some modest increases for workers, but unrest continued. A dispute over job listings and seniority led to a sudden walkout in May 1967. An agreement was reached after only a week, however contract renewal negotiations were on the horizon. Both sides broke down and transit workers once again went on strike on November 30.
From private to public
When workers walked out on November 30, 1968, it set into motion a series of events that would bring about the end of the privately owned transit company. Due to the extreme bitterness and distrust on both sides, the strike dragged on through the holiday season. The city appealed to the union and to RTC for resolution with little effect. As a last resort, the city council drew up plans for the condemnation and purchase of the transit lines from RTC. The union agreed to the city's terms and the strike was broken on January 25, 1969. Above the objections of RTC president William Lang, the city of Rochester selected National City Management Company of Houston, Texas, to operate the transit system. The new Rochester Transit Service began operations on May 23. Later that year, the RTS bus operations were acquired by the new Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority.
Preserved equipment
The New York Museum of Transportation (NYMT) is home to several pieces of equipment once operated by Rochester Transit Corp. RTC L-2, a Plymouth ML8 locomotive used to switch non-electrified freight customers. Disassembled and awaiting future restoration. RTC "Casey Jones" Inspection Car, fully restored and operated on occasion for special events.
RTC 233, a General Motors model TDH 5304 diesel bus is also in the collection of NYMT. The only surviving "Peter Witt" street car, RTC 1213, is currently residing at the Seashore Trolley Museum undergoing a multi-year restoration. Rochester Subway Car 60 (RTC 60) is currently partially disassembled at the Rochester and Genesee Valley Railroad Museum and is undergoing an active restoration.
References
Bus transportation in New York (state)
Streetcars in New York (state)
Transportation in Rochester, New York
Defunct public transport operators in the United States
Railway companies established in 1938
Standard gauge railways in the United States
American companies established in 1938
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40455517
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novashnaq
|
Novashnaq
|
Novashnaq or Noashnagh () is a village in Gerdeh Rural District, in the Central District of Namin County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 371, in 96 families.
It is located in the central part of Namin County, at a distance of 8 km from Namin, Ardabil.
References
Towns and villages in Namin County
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3926696
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gizmo%20Williams
|
Gizmo Williams
|
Henry Lee "Gizmo" Williams (born May 31, 1962) is a former American and Canadian football kick returner and wide receiver. After his retirement at the end of the 2000 CFL season, Williams worked as a motivational speaker.
Born into an impoverished family, Williams was raised by his brother Edgar after the death of both his parents as a child, and, after Edgar's death, by an aunt. Despite his background, Williams was able to be a successful high school football player, and was able to enroll at East Carolina University. After graduating from East Carolina, Williams was signed by the Memphis Showboats of the United States Football League. While playing in Memphis, future Professional Football Hall of Famer Reggie White gave the shifty Williams the nickname "Gizmo", which would stick with him through his professional career.
Williams was released by the Showboats after one season in the USFL in 1985, and signed with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League. With the exception of a half-season with the Philadelphia Eagles in 1989, Williams would play with the Eskimos for every CFL season from 1986 to 2000.
Standing a diminutive , Williams was in many ways a prototypical Canadian football kick returner. He saw some success as a receiver, breaking 900 yards receiving on two occasions, but was best known for his work as a returner. Williams soon developed a trademark of doing a flip in the air after every score, which quickly became associated with Williams in the eyes of the fans. During his career with the Eskimos, Williams set more than 20 CFL records, and is still the league's all-time leader in both punt and kickoff return yardage, and holds the record for most kick return touchdowns with 31 (26 on punt returns, two on kickoff returns and three on missed field goal returns). Perhaps his most memorable was a 115-yard missed-field-goal return for a touchdown in the 1987 Grey Cup.
In 2002, Williams's #2 was put on the Edmonton Eskimos Wall of Honour. Four years later, Williams was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame with a class that included former teammate and quarterback Matt Dunigan. In November 2006 he was voted one of the CFL's Top 50 players (#25) of the league's modern era by Canadian sports network The Sports Network/TSN.
Williams has a family history of multiple sclerosis, which killed his mother in December 1969 when Williams was six, as well as seven of his ten siblings. Williams's father died in a house fire at Christmas of 1970.
See also
List of NCAA major college yearly punt and kickoff return leaders
References
External links
MCP Talent page
Bio on CFL.ca
1962 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
African-American players of Canadian football
American football return specialists
American football wide receivers
Calgary Stampeders players
Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Canadian football return specialists
Canadian football wide receivers
East Carolina Pirates football players
Edmonton Elks players
Memphis Showboats players
Northwest Mississippi Rangers football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Players of American football from Memphis, Tennessee
Players of Canadian football from Memphis, Tennessee
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
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42762042
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20the%20Varangian%20and%20his%20son%20John
|
Theodore the Varangian and his son John
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Theodore the Varangian and his son John (10th century) were the first known Christian martyrs in Rus'.
Biography
Born in the 10th century, Theodore served in Byzantium for a long time, where he took holy baptism. He then moved to live in the city of Kiev. He had a son John, who also professed Christianity. He was one of the best prince combatants.
In ancient manuscripts are the following writing pagan named of Theodore: Tur (Scandinavian Thor) or Utor (Scandinavian Ottar).
St Nestor the Chronicler in his Primary Chronicle reports "And the elders and boyars said: 'let us cast lots upon the boys and girls. Upon whichever one it falls, that one we shall slaughter in sacrifice to the gods. The lots thrown by the pagan priests, evidently not by chance, fell upon the Christian John. When the messengers told Theodore that his son "had been chosen by the gods themselves to be sacrificed to them", the old warrior decisively answered: “This is not a god, but wood. Today it is, and tomorrow it rots. They do not eat, nor drink nor speak, but are crafted by human hands from wood. God however is One, and the Greeks serve and worship Him. He created heaven and earth, the stars and the moon, the sun and man, and foreordained him to live upon the earth. But these gods, what have they created? They themselves are made. I shall not give my son over to devils.”
The exact date of the death of Theodore and John is unknown. According to the basic version, their demise came July 12, 978, the day after the first period pagan celebrations in Kiev, associated with a campaign Vladimir of Kiev and its succession to the throne July 11, 978, accompanied by the ascension of thanksgiving to the gods and committing human sacrifices. His march to Kiev in the year in addition to military and political objectives pursued also religious problem: it was an attempt to Variagian-Russian paganism to suppress nascent Christianity in Kiev. It is also believed that this event could happen later - in the summer of the year 983, during the revolt of the Gentiles throughout the Slavic-Germanic world.
It is believed that the events associated with the death of Theodore and John to some extent influenced the decision of Vladimir to become a Christian. It shocked him what had happened, namely the courage with which the Theodore alone stand against the crowd of angry pagan people, which could be revealed only in the protection of the right things.
References
Sources
Martyr Theodore and his son of Kiev
The Holy Martyrs Theodore (Feodor) the Varangian and his son John
Russian saints
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46663751
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth%20Assembly%20of%20Tamil%20Nadu
|
Fifth Assembly of Tamil Nadu
|
The fifth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held in March 1971. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam was re-elected, after its first victory under the leadership of C N Annadurai in 1967. This was the first time M. Karunanidhi, contested as the leader of DMK party won the election, since he assumed Chief Ministership for the first time, after the death of C N Annadurai. Karunanidhi had emerged successfully in the leadership crisis with other party leaders M. G. Ramachandran, and Nedunchezhiyan, which ensued after the death of C. N. Annadurai. The main opposition party in the election was Indian National Congress (Organisation) led by K. Kamaraj, whereas the Indian National Congress (Indira) faction aligned with Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. This was the last election that had only 2 major parties in Tamilnadu. After the election, MGR was slowly cornered out of DMK, and finally he formed AIADMK, which has since then been the close equal of DMK.
Background
The opposition party, Indian National Congress was heavily weakened due to a split that occurred in 1969. This led to the formation of Indian National Congress (Organisation) under K. Kamaraj, which was the major opposition in this election, while the Indian National Congress, supported the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.
Indira Gandhi continued as Prime Minister with the support of Communist parties and DMK which had 25 seats in the Lok Sabha. It was during this time, the long-awaited Salem steel mill was approved. The ruling Congress party decided to dissolve the Lok Sabha and conduct early elections and Karunanidhi also decided to dissolve the state assembly and face the elections in alliance with Indira's Congress one year before the end of his term.
Parties and alliances
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam formed a seven party alliance called Left and Democratic Front (Progressive Front). The front was led by the DMK and comprised Indian National Congress (Indira), Communist Party of India (CPI), the Praja Socialist Party, the Forward Block, the Muslim League and M. P. Sivagnanam's Tamil National Party. The Congress party dependent on DMK votes in the Lok Sabha for survival had no influence in the seating arrangements. The Indira Congress contested in 9 out of 39 parliamentary constituencies but not in legislative assembly constituencies. Indira Gandhi instructed the leader of the Tamil Nadu Congress, Subramaniam to accept the arrangement in a sign indicative of writing off Tamil Nadu as a Congress territory.
The opposition front was a coalition of Kamaraj led Indian National Congress (Organisation) (Congress (O)), Rajaji's Swatantara Party, Samyukta Socialist Party, the Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party, the Republican Party and the Coimbatore District Agriculturist Association.
Voting and results
Results
Source: Election Commission of India
Karunanidhi's Cabinet
The council of ministers in M. Karunanidhi's cabinet (in 1971).
List of elected members
See also
Elections in Tamil Nadu
Legislature of Tamil Nadu
Government of Tamil Nadu
Footnotes
External links
Election Commission of India
State Assembly elections in Tamil Nadu
1971 elections in India
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41567484
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo%20Lalo
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Eduardo Lalo
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Eduardo Lalo (born 1960) is a Puerto Rican novelist, best known for his novel Simone, who won the Rómulo Gallegos Prize.
Biography
Although born in Cuba, he identifies himself as Puerto Rican and is involved in the island's affairs. He lives in San Juan, Puerto Rico since the age of two. He studied at the Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola, where he graduated in 1977. He then went on to study at Columbia University and later at the University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle.
Lalo's works are difficult to define generically. His books are hybrids of essay and fiction, as demonstrated in his first book, En el Burger King de la calle San Francisco (In the San Francisco Street Burger King), published in 1986. Since then he has insisted on mixing art, essay and fiction in his publications. As he has stated: "First of all, I'm a writer. I started to draw late, at age 21, when I had just finished studying in New York and visited museums and galleries. I went to live in Paris and without any training I requested admissions to a school of fine arts."
His international recognition came in 2013, when he won the Rómulo Gallegos Prize for his novel Simone, an English-language translation of which was published in 2015 by the University of Chicago Press. Also in 2013, he led the Puerto Rican delegation to the XVIII International Book Fair in Lima, where Puerto Rico was the guest of honor.
He is a professor at the Río Piedras campus of the University of Puerto Rico, and publishes columns of literary criticism is publications such as 80 Grados. He has directed two medium-length films: donde (Where) and La ciudad perdida (The Lost City). In addition, he has shown his work as a photographer in more than a dozen exhibits.<ref>"Eduardo Lalo, ganador del Rómulo Gallegos, escritor de la ciudad de San Juan" , Agencia EFE reprinted in El Diario Vasco, 06.06.2013; accessed 07.07.2013.</ref>
Works
En el Burger King de la calle San Francisco, with eight drawings by the author; Ediciones Astrolabio, San Juan (Puerto Rico), 1986.
Libro de textos, two monologues, fourteen stories and several poems; Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, San Juan, 1992.
Ciudades e islas, Publicaciones Yuquiyú, San Juan, 1995.
La isla silente, reedition of three earlier books; Isla Negra Editores, San Juan, 2002.
Los pies de San Juan, photographic essay; Centro de Investigación y Política Pública, Fundación Biblioteca Rafael Hernández Colón, 2002.
La inutilidad, novel, Ediciones Callejón, San Juan, 2004.
donde, hybrid book: essay and photography Editorial Tal Cual, San Juan, 2005.
San Juan de Puerto Rico, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, colección Debats 88, Valencia, 2005.
Leyendas sobre secretos: La hija del verdugo; La mancha de sangre, Puerto Rican legends adapted by Lalo and illustrated by Walter Gastaldo; Alfaguara Infantil y Juvenil, Guaynabo, 2005.
Los países invisibles, essay, Editorial Tal Cual, San Juan, 2008.
El deseo del lápiz: castigo, urbanismo, escritura, essay, Editorial Tal Cual, San Juan, 2010.
Simone, novel, Ediciones Corregidor, Buenos Aires, 2012.
Simone'', novel in English-language translation, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 2015.
References
External links
"Simone" English-language translation book page at the University of Chicago Press.
Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola alumni
Puerto Rican novelists
Puerto Rican male writers
1960 births
Living people
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24767051
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne%20Clemson
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Jeanne Clemson
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Jeanne Clemson (1922 – September 12, 2009) was an American artistic director, theater director, actress, educator and preservationist. Clemson was considered instrumental in the efforts to save the Fulton Opera House, located in downtown Lancaster, Pennsylvania, from demolition during the 1950s and 1960s. She is also credited with restoring live theater productions to the Fulton.
The Fulton Opera House is now a National Historic Landmark, designated in 1964.
Biography
Early life
Clemson was born Jeanne Hershberger in 1922 in Bedford County, Pennsylvania to parents, Fred L. and Olive Bussard Hershberger. She was raised in Everett, Pennsylvania.
She received her bachelor's degree in drama, with a minor in applied music, from Penn State University. She also obtained her teaching certification from Penn State. Clemson further earned her master's degree from the School of Speech at Northwestern University on a scholarship.
She met her future husband, Charles R. Clemson, during her freshman year at Penn State University. The couple married in 1945. They had two children, Cheryl Jeanne and John Alfred.
Career
Clemson began her career by teaching music at the National Cathedral School in Washington D.C. The family next relocated to Western Pennsylvania before permanently moving to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, during the mid-1950s.
Clemson, who was a fan of theater, quickly became involved in the local Lancaster theater community and appeared at the Green Room Theatre, which was affiliated with Franklin and Marshall College. Until Clemson joined, the Green Room Theatre had been a male-only theater school. Local theater companies launched one or two theater productions a year at the time.
In the late 1950s, local activists, including Clemson, began to work for the preservation of the Fulton Opera House, a Lancaster Victorian structure constructed in 1870. The Fulton Opera House was in danger of demolition at the time. Clemson and others advocated not just preserving the Fulton Opera House, but also restoring it into a full-time theater again.
Efforts to save the Fulton Opera House and stage productions began to pay off. The 1959 production of Our Town, starring Jeanne Clemson, marked that first time that a live theater production had been staged at the Fulton Opera House in thirty years. In 1964, the Fulton Opera House was added to the list of National Historic Landmarks and further placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. Much of the credit in preserving the opera house went to Clemson. In a 2009 interview with the Intelligencer Journal, Rob Brock, head of the Lancaster Hole-in-the-Wall Puppet Theatre, noted, "I think there is a very good chance the Fulton would not be here without her involvement."
In 1968, Jeanne Clemson and Emily Pat Hoffman founded the Actors Company of Pennsylvania. The Actors Company grew considerable over the next three decades, further fueling local theater in Lancaster and other parts of Pennsylvania. The company expanded the local audience for local theater, as well as the pool of actors and other talent. Clemson, who served as the company's artistic director until 1996, carried out many of the tasks needed for the Actors Company's productions, including local casting, directing and costume design. Clemson's establishment of the Actors Company is also credited with laying the foundation for the establishment of other theater companies within Lancaster County, including the Ephrata Performing Arts Center, Theater of the Seventh Sister and the Independent Eye.
Clemson negotiated and oversaw the merger of the Actors Company of Pennsylvania and the Fulton Theatre Company in 1996. Following the merger, she continued to work with the Fulton Academy, which worked to introduce children to theater and acting. She remained on the Fulton Opera House's board of directors until her death in 2009.
Additionally, Clemson taught and headed the drama department at Lancaster Country Day School. She joined the faculty of Lancaster Country Day in 1962, and remained at the school for 29 years, until her retirement from the school in 1991.
Death
Jeanne Clemson died from Parkinson's disease on September 12, 2009, at the Homestead Village retirement community in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, at the age of 87. Her husband, Charles Clemson, died in 2006 after 61 years of marriage.
A memorial service was held for Clemson on September 27, 2009, at the Unitarian Universalist Church, followed by a reception at the Fulton Opera House, the Lancaster landmark in which she is credited with preserving.
References
External links
Intelligencer Journal: Saying goodbye to a pillar of local theater
1922 births
2009 deaths
People from Bedford County, Pennsylvania
American theatre managers and producers
American theatre directors
Women theatre directors
Drama teachers
American stage actresses
Actresses from Pennsylvania
Penn State College of Education alumni
Northwestern University School of Communication alumni
Artists from Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Actors from Lancaster, Pennsylvania
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American people
21st-century American women
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49394994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus%20at%20the%202016%20Winter%20Youth%20Olympics
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Belarus at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
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Belarus competed at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway from 12 to 21 February 2016.
Alpine skiing
Boys
Biathlon
Boys
Girls
Mixed
Cross-country skiing
Boys
Girls
Figure skating
Couples
Mixed NOC team trophy
Ice hockey
Snowboarding
Slopestyle
Speed skating
Boys
Girls
Mixed team sprint
See also
Belarus at the 2016 Summer Olympics
References
2016 in Belarusian sport
Nations at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
Belarus at the Youth Olympics
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43693665
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haimbachia%20prestonella
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Haimbachia prestonella
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Haimbachia prestonella is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1922. It is found in Mexico.
References
Haimbachiini
Moths described in 1922
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8072614
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky%20du%20Mont
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Sky du Mont
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Sky du Mont (born Cayetano Neven du Mont; 20 May 1947) is a German-Argentine actor.
Early life
Sky du Mont's family, who are related to the famous publishers DuMont Schauberg, fled the Nazis in the 1930s to South America. He was born in Argentina as the son of a German and the British Chiquita Neven du Mont (1921–2018). He grew up in England, but came to Germany in 1969, where he studied acting between 1969 and 1972 in Munich.
Career
In Germany, he is well known for playing suave and urbane, sometimes villainous or shady upper class characters since the 1970s. He appeared in three of the commercially most successful German film comedies of all time: In Otto – Der Film (1985) as an aristrocratic-looking swindler, as the villain "Santa Maria" in the Western comedy Der Schuh des Manitu (2001) and in Traumschiff Surprise – Periode 1 (2003), where he reprised his role as "Santa Maria" and played a second role as "William der Letzte" (William the Last), an English duke in the Middle Ages.
In international cinema, Sky du Mont portrayed the Hungarian businessman Sandor Szavost in Stanley Kubrick's Eyes Wide Shut (1999) and played one of the Nazi killers in The Boys from Brazil (1978). Other international roles include the US-miniseries War and Remembrance as Claus von Stauffenberg and a recurring role in the soap opera General Hospital in the 1980s. Du Mont also made an uncredited appearance in Das Boot as the officer aboard the resupply ship Weser to whom the U-96 Second Watch Officer demonstrates Depth-Charging. While he only appears in the background in the theatrical and director's cut, his full appearance is featured in the uncut mini-series.
Du Mont also serves as the German narrator of the children series Thomas & Friends. He is also known for his voiceover work for commercials.
Personal life
Sky du Mont lives in Hamburg and has been married four times. In 2016, he separated from his wife Mirja Du Mont, who is also the mother of two of his three children, Tara Neven du Mont and Fayn Neven du Mont. His third and oldest son is named Clemens Neven du Mont.
He was a member of the Free Democratic Party and supported them in campaigns, but left them in early 2018.
Selected filmography
Film
1976 Silence in the Forest
1978 The Boys From Brazil (credited as "Guy Dumont")
1979 Avalanche Express
1979 Goetz von Berlichingen of the Iron Hand
1981 Lion of the Desert
1982 Night Crossing
1985 Otto – Der Film
1999 Eyes Wide Shut as Sandor Szavost
2000 Manila
2001 Der Schuh des Manitu
2004 Traumschiff Surprise – Periode 1
2017 Bullyparade – Der Film
Television
1976 Derrick - Season 3, Episode 2: "Tod des Trompeters"
1978 Derrick - Season 5, Episode 6: "Klavierkonzert"
1980 Derrick - Season 7, Episode 6: "Die Entscheidung"
1982 Derrick - Season 9, Episode 7: "Hausmusik"
1982 Inside the Third Reich (TV miniseries)
1983 The Winds of War (TV miniseries)
1984 Derrick - Season 11, Episode 4: "Drei atemlose Tage"
Scarecrow and Mrs. King - Season 2, Episode 2: "The Times They Are a Changin" (1984)
1985 Derrick - Season 12, Episode 1: "Der Mann aus Antibes"
1986 Love with the Perfect Stranger
1986 Derrick - "Der Augenzeuge"
1987 Franza
1988 Derrick - "Die Stimme"
1988 Derrick - "Die Mordsache Druse"
1988-1989 War and Remembrance (TV miniseries)
1989 General Hospital (TV series) as Claudio Maldonado
1992 Derrick - "Mord im Treppenhaus"
1992 Judith Krantz's Secrets (TV miniseries)
1993 Derrick - "Ein Objekt der Begierde"
1994 Derrick - "Der Schlüssel"
1995 Derrick - "Ein Mord und lauter nette Leute"
1996 Derrick - "Zeuge Karuhn"
2005 Arme Millionäre
External links
ZBF Agency Munich
References
1947 births
Living people
German male television actors
German male film actors
20th-century German male actors
21st-century German male actors
People from Buenos Aires
Argentine emigrants to Germany
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42750074
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Kruse
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John Kruse
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John Kruse (1921–2004) was an English film and television screenwriter, director and novelist. He is mostly remembered for his work on ITC classic TV series The Saint, as well as several films of the franchise, and as the author of the best-selling novel Red Omega.
Life
John Kruse was born in England and educated at Harrow. His father, Jack Frederick Conrad Kruse, was a captain in the Royal Navy and close associate of tycoon Lord Rothermere, founder of the Daily Mail. A wealthy couple, Kruse's parents lived between London and the French Riviera, but the 1929 Crash greatly damaged their fortune. During World War II, John served as a liaison officer in India, the Middle East and Italy. After the war, he returned to England to find his home bombed, his parents dead, and no family business. At the age of twenty-six, he began a new career from scratch.
He joined Pinewood Film Studios as a clapper boy and, during the next seven years, progressed to become cameraman, at the same time working nights to perfect his writing. His short stories began to appear in magazines in Britain and the United States in the early fifties; some of these stories were later developed into screenplays. Hell Drivers (1957) was his first credited film, based on his own short story and co-scripted with director Cy Endfield. By 1954 Kruse had switched to full-time scriptwriting, working in over a dozen of films. Starting in the 1960s, he also wrote many hundreds of episodes for British and international TV shows, including The Avengers, Shoestring, Colditz, The Persuaders!, and most famously The Saint, starring Roger Moore.
In 1981, Kruse abandoned screenwriting and moved to Almuñécar, in Granada, Spain, where he began a new career as a novelist. He published three novels. The first one, Red Omega (1981), became a best-seller—a cold war spy thriller involving a CIA plot to murder Stalin using a rogue agent from Extremadura who survived the gulags. It was later followed by a sequel, Long Live the Dead, and Hour of the Lily, an epic story of love and war in Russian-occupied Afghanistan.
After these three novels, Kruse took up painting. He died in Almuñécar in 2004.
Work
Television credits
ITV Television Playhouse
Lilli Palmer Theatre
Assignment Foreign Legion
Armchair Theatre
William Tell
Knight Errand Limited
Interpol Calling
Adventures in Paradise
The Avengers
Top Secret
Zero One
The Human Jungle
No Hiding Place
Undermind
The Third Man
The Man in Room 17
The Saint
Strange Report
Colditz
The Persuaders!
The Protectors
The Zoo Gang
Return of the Saint
Shoestring
The Professionals
Film credits
Hell Drivers (1957)
Sea Fury (1958)
October Moth (also director; 1960)
Echo of Barbara (1961)
The Fiction Makers (1968)
Crossplot (1969)
Vendetta for the Saint (1970)
Assault (1971)
Revenge (1971)
Mission: Monte Carlo (1974)
The Saint and the Brave Goose (1979)
Novels
Red Omega (1981)
Long Live the Dead
Hour of the Lily (1984)
References
Sources
John Kruse, Red Omega. Pocket Books, 1981.
Biography on Amazon
External links
20th-century British novelists
British television writers
British male screenwriters
1921 births
2004 deaths
People educated at Harrow School
British mystery writers
British male novelists
20th-century British male writers
British male television writers
20th-century British screenwriters
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21610083
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956%20Alabama%20Crimson%20Tide%20football%20team
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1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
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The 1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 62nd overall and 23rd season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Jennings B. Whitworth, in his second year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham and at Ladd Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. They finished with a record of two wins, seven losses and one tie (2–7–1 overall, 2–5 in the SEC).
In 1956 the Crimson Tide improved somewhat from the year before—but not much. Alabama opened the season with four straight losses by a combined score of 99–26 to Rice, Vanderbilt, TCU and Tennessee. At this point, the all-time school record losing streak ran to 17 consecutive games, and the winless streak reached 20 games back to the 1954 season. Then against Mississippi State, Alabama won a game for the first time since October 16, 1954. The Tide scored with 2½ minutes to go and kicked the extra point to beat Maroons 13–12. After a loss to Georgia Alabama managed a 13–7 victory over Tulane. They then closed the season with a 13–13 tie with between losses to Georgia Tech and Auburn.
Schedule
Source: Rolltide.com: 1956 Alabama football schedule
Game summaries
Rice
Source:
The Crimson Tide opened the 1956 season with their 14th consecutive loss, while their opponent, the Rice Owls, ended their own seven-game losing streak with their 20–13 victory at Houston. The Owls scored the first touchdown of the game on their opening drive when Frank Ryan threw a 12-yard pass to Buddy Dial. Alabama responded in the final minute of the quarter with a one-yard Clay Walls touchdown run to tie the game at 7–7. Rice then took a 14–7 halftime lead after King Hill threw a 30-yard touchdown pass to Bobby Williams in the second quarter. After a 17-yard Donald Comstock touchdown run brought the Crimson Tide within a point of the Owls lead, Rice closed the game with an 18-yard Ryan touchdown pass to Dial in the fourth to win 20–13. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Rice to 0–3.
Vanderbilt
Sources:
In their annual home game at Ladd Stadium, the Crimson Tide were defeated by the Vanderbilt Commodores 32–7 to open conference play. After a scoreless first quarter, the Commodores took a 13–0 halftime lead with second-quarter touchdowns scored on a short pass from Donald Orr to Gerald Hudson and later on a three-yard Danny McCall run. Hudson extended the Vandy lead to 19–0 with his three-yard touchdown run before the Crimson Tide scored their only points of the game on a one-yard Donald Comstock touchdown run that made the score 19–7. Vanderbilt then closed the game with a pair of touchdowns on runs of 25-yards by Phil King and three-yards by William Smith to win 32–7. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 18–16–1.
TCU
Sources:
For the second consecutive season, Alabama played host to the Texas Christian University (TCU) Horned Frogs of the Southwest Conference, and for the second time in as many years lost 23–6. TCU took a 7–0 first quarter lead on a 46-yard Ken Wineburg touchdown run that capped an 81-yard drive. In the second quarter, the Frogs scored on an 11-yard Buddy Dike touchdown run and on a 21-yard Vernon Hallbeck field goal and took a 16–0 halftime lead. After a 41-yard Wineburg run in the third gave TCU a 23–0 lead, Alabama scored their lone points in the fourth on a 10-yard James Loftin touchdown run that made the final score 23–6. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against TCU to 0–2.
Tennessee
Sources:
In their annual rivalry game against Tennessee, Alabama was shut out for the second consecutive year by the Volunteers in a 24–0 loss in Knoxville. In the game, Tennessee scored a touchdown in all four quarters. The Vols took a 12–0 halftime lead after Tommy Bronson scored on a three-yard run in the first and Al Carter scored on a 44-yard run in the second. After Johnny Majors scored on a short run to open the third quarter, Carter scored the final touchdown of the game in the fourth quarter on a one-yard run that made the final score 24–0. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 18–15–5.
Mississippi State
Sources:
On homecoming in Tuscaloosa, the Crimson Tide upset the Mississippi State Maroons 13–12 at Denny Stadium that ended both a 17-game losing streak that stretched back to the 1954 season and gave Whitworth his first victory as Crimson Tide head coach. The Maroons took a 12–0 first quarter lead on touchdown runs of two-yards by Frank Sabbatini and 22-yards by Billy Stacy. The Crimson Tide responded in the second quarter on a 46-yard Clay Walls touchdown pass to Jimmy Bowdoin that made the halftime score 12–6. After a scoreless third quarter, Walls tied the game 12–12 with his one-yard touchdown run in the fourth. The Pete Reeves extra point that followed gave Alabama the 13–12 victory and ended their 17-game losing streak. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 29–9–3.
Georgia
Sources:
One week after they won their first game in nearly two years, the Crimson Tide lost to the Georgia Bulldogs 16–13 at Legion Field. Alabama took a 7–0 lead into halftime after Charles Nelson scored on a one-yard touchdown run in the first quarter. After Georgia tied the game 7–7 in the third quarter on an 80-yard J. B. Davis punt return, they took a 10–7 lead early in the fourth quarter after Clenton Cooper kicked a 29-yard field goal. They extended their lead further to 16–7 after a short William Hearn touchdown run, before Alabama scored their final points on a 24-yard Marshall Brown touchdown run that made the final score 16–13. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 21–17–4.
Tulane
Sources:
On the road in New Orleans, the Crimson Tide won their second game of the season with this 13–7 victory over the Tulane Green Wave. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama scored both of their touchdowns in the second quarter. Both were scored on one-yard runs, first from Donald Comstock and second from George Salem. After a scoreless third, Tulane made the final score 13–7 on a 29-yard Fred Wilcox touchdown pass to T. Eugene Newton. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 17–8–2.
Georgia Tech
Sources:
Against Georgia Tech, Alabama was shut out, 27–0, by the Yellow Jackets at Grant Field. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 18–17–3.
Mississippi Southern
Sources:
In their final non-conference game of the season, Alabama tied the Mississippi Southern Southerners 13–13 at Denny Stadium. After a scoreless first quarter, Bo Dickinson scored on a 38-yard touchdown run for Southern and then Bobby Smith threw a 52-yard touchdown pass to Donald Comstock for Alabama to tie the game 7–7 at halftime. In the third quarter, Smith threw a 15-yard touchdown pass to Comstock for the Crimson Tide and the Dickinson scored on a 37-yard touchdown run to again tie the game 13–13, which stood as the final score after a scoreless fourth quarter. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi Southern to 6–2–1.
Auburn
Sources:
Against the rival Auburn Tigers, Alabama lost 34–7 at Legion Field in the season finale. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 9–11–1.
Personnel
Varsity letter winners
Coaching staff
References
General
Specific
Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons
Alabama Crimson Tide football
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31737935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bender%20%28gridiron%20football%29
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John Bender (gridiron football)
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John Bender (born March 9, 1987) is a professional Canadian football offensive lineman who is currently a free agent. He most recently played for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted 17th overall by the Stampeders in the 2010 CFL Draft and signed a contract with the team on May 10, 2011 after finishing his college eligibility. He played college football for the Nevada Wolf Pack.
References
1987 births
Living people
Calgary Stampeders players
Canadian football offensive linemen
Nevada Wolf Pack football players
People from Kneehill County
Players of Canadian football from Alberta
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40765394
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Anthony%20Parsons
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John Anthony Parsons
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John Anthony Parsons (20 February 1938 – 26 April 2004) was a British sports journalist and author.
Life
John was born the son of Les Parsons and his wife Marion in Oxford on 20 February 1938. His father had been president of the Lawn Tennis Association for the Oxford area.
As a schoolboy at Magdalen College School, Parsons was a member of the tennis team. At the age of 14, he began writing football match reports for the Oxford Mail. After leaving school in 1956, he took a job as a reporter on general topics at the paper. In 1964 he moved to the Daily Mail.
In January 1981, Parsons came to the Daily Telegraph and succeeded Lance Tingay as tennis correspondent. In 2001, he retired from full-time work but continued to cover major events for the paper. Beside his journalistic work, he published numerous books including The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Tennis (1998) and the Official Wimbledon Annual every year.
Parsons was born with only one functioning kidney. He received a kidney transplant in 1982 after his only kidney had been injured by a soldier during a military coup in Nigeria in 1975. While reporting from the NASDAQ-100 Open at Miami in March 2004, he suffered an acute kidney failure and was brought to Mercy Hospital. He died there a month later. He was unmarried and survived by his parents and his sister Heather Nason.
External links
Obituary from the Daily Telegraph, 28 April 2004
1938 births
2004 deaths
British sports journalists
Tennis writers
Kidney transplant recipients
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43034922
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong%20Siew%20Te
|
Wong Siew Te
|
Wong Siew Te (born 16 May 1969) is a Malaysian wildlife biologist known for his studies on the Malayan sun bear and the foundation of the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre in Sandakan, Sabah.
Biography
Wong Siew Te was born in Bukit Mertajam, Penang on 16 May 1969 as the youngest son of the tailor Wong Soon Kew, who operated the business "Soon Kew Tailor" in Bukit Mertajam from the 1950s to the mid 1980s. He grew up with eight other siblings – four elder brothers and four elder sisters. From 1976 to 1982 he joined Kim Sen Primary School in Bukit Mertajam and from 1982 to 1987 the Jit Sin High School, also in Bukit Mertajam.
He continued his studies 1989 at Taiwan's National Pingtung University of Science and Technology and received his diploma in Animal Science & Veterinary in 1992.
In 1994, he studied Wildlife Biology at the University of Montana where he graduated as a Bachelor of Science in 1997. In 2002, he graduated as a Master of Science with the thesis The ecology of Malayan sun bear in the lowland tropical rainforest of Sabah, Borneo.
From 2002 to 2005 he co-chaired the Sun Bear Expert Team for the IUCN/SSC Bear Specialist Group, a science-based network of voluntary experts within the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
From 2002 to 2011, he pursued his doctorate in Fish and Wildlife Biology at the University of Montana, and conducted his dissertation entitled The effects of selective logging on bearded pigs (Sus barbatus) in lowland tropical rainforest of Borneo.
In 2008, he founded the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre (BSBCC) in Sepilok, a zoological centre for protection and conservation of the Malayan sun bear. Founded together with the organisation Land Empowerment Animals People (LEAP), the Sabah Wildlife Department (SWD) and the Sabah Forestry Department (SFD), it is a holistic approach to conserve the endangered species.
He was also a fellow of the Flying Elephants Foundation, which awards individuals from a broad range of disciplines within the arts and sciences.
Wong Siew Te now manages the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre as CEO.
Recognitions
Wong was recognised as a wildlife hero featured in the book Wildlife Heroes: 40 Leading Conservationists and the Animals They Are Committed to Saving.
In conjunction with the Penang State Governor 76th birthday in 2014, Wong Siew Te was conferred Darjah Johan Negeri (D.J.N.; Member- Order of the Defender of State) to recognize his contribution to the society and the environment. This Order was instituted in 1969 and conferred on individuals who have contributed outstanding services in any field. This award is limited to one thousand one hundred and fifty living persons, excluding non-Malaysians who may be conferred this award on an honorary basis.
In the same year, Wong also being awarded the 2014 Outstanding Alumni Award by National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, for his outstanding achievement in wildlife conservation.
On September 2016, Wong received an Honorary Doctorate from University of Sunshine Coast, Australia, in recognition of his lifelong contribution on sun bear conservation in Southeast Asia.
Wong's recognitions continue in 2017 when he first was named a "Wira Negaraku" or “My Country Hero” by the Malaysian Prime Minister Office, Federal Government of Malaysia. On July 29, 2017, Wong was name a CNN Hero by global television network CNN.
Selected works
Veron G., M‐L Patou, R. Debruyne, A. Couloux, D. Antonette, P. Fernandez, Siew Te Wong, J. Fuchs, A. P. Jennings. 2014. Systematics of the Southeast Asian mongooses (Herpestidae, Carnivora): solving the mystery of the elusive collared mongoose and Palawan mongoose. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 01/2015.
Veron, G., M. Willsch, V. Dacosta, M-L Patou, A. Seymour, C. Bonillo, A. Couloux, S.T. Wong, A.P. Jennings, J. Fickel, and A. Wilting: The distribution of the Malay civet Viverra tangalunga (Carnivora:Viverridae) across Southeast Asia: natural or human-mediated dispersal in: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 170: 917–932. [SCI], 2014
Gitzen, R.A., J.L. Belant, J.J.Millspaugh, S.T. Wong, A.J. Hearn, J. Ross: Effective use of radiolelemetry for studying tropical carnivores. in: The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology: 28: 67–83. 2014
Hanya, G., Stevenson, P., Noordwijk, M.v., Wong, S.T., Kanamori, T., Kuze, N., Aiba. S., Chapman, C., van Schaik, C.: Seasonality in fruit availability affects primate biomass and species richness. in: Ecography. 34: 1009–1017. [SCI], 2011
Chen, C.C, Pei, K.J.C., Kuo, M.D., Yang, C.M., Wong, S.T., Lin, F.G., & Kuo, S.C.: A possible case of hantavirus infection in Borneo orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) and its conservation implication. in: Journal of Medical Primatology. 40(1): 2–5. [SCI], 2010
Fredriksson, G., Steinmetz, R., Wong, S.T. & Garshelis, D.L.: Helarctos malayanus. in: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1.
Wong, S.T. 2006: The status of Malayan sun bear in Malaysia, S. 66–72 in: Japan Bear Network (compiler). 2006. Understanding Asian bears to secure their future, Japan Bear Network, Ibakari, Japan 145 pp., 2006
Wong, S.T., C. Servheen, L. Ambu, and Norhayati A.: Impacts of fruit production cycle Malayan sun bears and bearded pigs in lowland tropical forests of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. in: Journal of Tropical Ecology. 21:627–639. [SCI], 2005
Norhayati, A., I Mila, L., Juliana, S., Wong, S.T. & Shukor, M.N.: Amphibian fauna of Danum Valley Conservation Area. in: Laily B. Din, Muhammad Yahya, Norhayati, A., Nizam, M.S., Waidi Sinun & A. Latiff (eds.): Danum Valley Conservation Area: Physical, Biological and Social Environments., Yayasan Sabah and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi. p. 281–298.
Norhayati, A., Wong, S.T., Juliana, S. & Shukor, M.N.: An annotated checklist of reptiles in Danum Valley Conservation Area. in: Laily B. Din, Muhammad Yahya, Norhayati, A., Nizam, M.S., Waidi Sinun & A. Latiff (eds.): Danum Valley Conservation Area: Physical, Biological and Social Environments. Yayasan Sabah and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi. p. 299–312, 2005
Wong, S. T., Servheen, C. & Ambu, L.: Home range, movement and activity patterns, and bedding sites of Malayan Sun Bears Helarctos malayanus in the Rainforest of Borneo. in: Biological Conservation. 119:169–181. [SCI], 2004
Wong, S.T., C. Servheen, and L. Ambu: Food habits of Malayan sun bears in lowland tropical forest of Borneo. in: Ursus. 13:127–136. [SCI], 2002
Lin, Y.R., S.T. Wong, C. J. Pei.: Variations in skull morphology of Formosan Reeve's muntjac in Little Ghost Lake Forest Reserve, Pingtung, Taiwan. in: Notes of Wildlifers and Newsletter of Wildlifers (NOW). 1(4): 8–11. (in Chinese), 1993
Sorenson, J.: Interview with Siew Te Wong. The Brock Review. 12(1): 182–186., 2011
Wong, S. T.: Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre in Malaysia Borneo. in: International Bear News. 19(1):18–19, 2010.
Wong, S. T.: Sun Bear: The Forgotten Bear. in: Society & Environment. A monthly magazine published by Zayed International Prize for the Environment. July 2009: 40–42.
The Emerging Wildlife Conservation Leaders, Wong S.T. & Gabriella Fredriksson. in: Sun Bear Adventure Journals. EWCL. 34 pp., 2006
Wong, S.T. & C. Servheen: The Bornean Sun Bear and Bearded Pig Research and Conservation Project- a new field project to study the effects of selective logging on Malayan sun bears and bearded pigs in Borneo. in: International Bear News. 14(4):24, 2005
Wong, S.T. & C. Servheen: New field project to study the effects of selective logging on bearded pigs and sun bears in Borneo. in: Suiform Soundings. Peccaries, Pigs, and Hippos Specialists Group Newsletter. 5(1):30, 2005.
Wong, S.T.: Dances with sun bears. in: Malayan Naturalist. 56(3): 20–25., 2003.
Wong, S.T.: Sun bear research on the web. in: International Bear News. 12(2):9., 2003.
Wong, S. T. and C. Servheen: Malaysia Malayan Sun bear Ecology. in: International Bear News. 8(3):11–12., 1999.
References
External links
Wong Siew Te: Siew Te Wong's sun bear journal
wildlifedirect.org: About Siew Te Wong
mesym.com: Wong Siew Te, on Conserving Sun Bears in Borneo
20th-century zoologists
Malaysian biologists
1969 births
Living people
People from Penang
Malaysian people of Chinese descent
21st-century zoologists
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52668101
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Avery
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Thomas Avery
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Thomas Avery (1813–1894) was a scale or weighing machine manufacturer and local politician. He was mayor of Birmingham in 1868 and 1881.
W & T Avery
When a mercer and draper, Thomas's father, William Avery who died in 1843, inherited from within his own and his wife's family a long established weighing machine business which had begun in the early 18th century with the manufacture of steelyards.
With his brother, another Thomas who died in 1824, William Avery continued the business under their own names, W & T Avery.
In 1843 two of William's sons Thomas (1813–1894) with his elder brother William Henry Avery (1812–1874) took over the business. Avery's business expanded and became a substantial employer.
Administration of Birmingham
Thomas withdrew his capital from the business in 1866 and devoted his energies to improving the then poor quality local government. He was elected a councillor for the ward containing the Avery businesses as a leading citizen determined to bring some efficiency to council administration and was elected alderman and mayor in 1868 and was mayor again in 1881.
He achieved the provision of sewage works and he was largely responsible for the council acquiring a formerly private water supply which brought potable water to the people of Birmingham. The sewage works was given a sewage farm and sewage no longer contaminated the water of the River Tame.
Public service
Avery was a magistrate for Birmingham, Warwickshire and Worcestershire. He was governor, trustee or treasurer for institutions such as the Birmingham and Midland Institute, Mason College etc.
He died in Edgbaston a few months after his wife —born Mary Ann Beilby— on 17 February 1894. There were no surviving children, his extensive property went to his Avery nephews.
References
Avery, Thomas
Avery, Thomas
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
Mayors of Birmingham, West Midlands
19th-century British businesspeople
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37769343
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20Italy
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Free Italy
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Free Italy (Italia Libera, IL) was a liberal political party in Italy, led by Isabella Bertolini.
It was founded on 22 November 2012 by a group of splinters from The People of Freedom (PdL), all members of the Chamber of Deputies: Isabella Bertolini, Gaetano Pecorella, Giorgio Stracquadanio (who had left earlier), Franco Stradella and Roberto Tortoli. According to Bertolini, the reason for the split was the attitude of the PdL towards the Monti government, as the party approved all government measures but at the same time bitterly contested them in public communication.
In December 2012 IL joined forces with the Liberals for Italy, another splinter group from the PdL, and formed a 10-strong section within the Mixed Group.
References
2012 establishments in Italy
Liberal parties in Italy
Political parties established in 2012
Defunct political parties in Italy
2013 disestablishments in Italy
Political parties disestablished in 2013
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56285804
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20A.%20Fisher%20Jr.
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George A. Fisher Jr.
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George A. Fisher Jr. (born July 1, 1942) is a retired United States Army officer. He attained the rank of lieutenant general during his career, and is a veteran of Operation Powerpack, the United States action in the Dominican Republic and the Vietnam War. Among his senior command assignments were the Joint Readiness Training Center (1991–1993), 25th Infantry Division (1993–1995), Multi-National Force – Haiti (1995), and First United States Army (1997–1999).
Early life
George Alexander Fisher Jr. was born in Arkansas on July 1, 1942, and raised in North Carolina. He graduated from Millbrook High School in Millbrook (now part of Raleigh) in 1960. Fisher attended the United States Military Academy, and graduated in 1964 with a commission as a second lieutenant of Infantry.
Early career
Fisher completed his initial post-commissioning training in 1964 and 1965, and was assigned to the 508th Infantry Regiment, a unit of the 82nd Airborne Division. He served with the 508th during its participation in Operation Powerpack, the United States action in the Dominican Republic during that country's 1965–1966 civil war.
During 1967–1968, Fisher served in the Vietnam War as a member of Military Assistance Command, Vietnam. Fisher attended the Naval Postgraduate School from 1970 to 1972, and earned a master's degree in systems analysis. In 1973, he graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College.
Continued career
Fisher served as assistant professor of mathematics at West Point from 1973 to 1975, and was assigned to the Berlin Brigade in West Germany from 1976 to 1979. From 1981 to 1983, he commanded 3rd Battalion, 32nd Infantry, a 7th Infantry Division unit based at Fort Ord.
From 1983 to 1984, Fisher was a student at the Naval War College. After his graduation, he served as assistant chief of staff for plans, operations, and training (G-3) for the 7th Infantry Division. He commanded the 3rd Brigade, 7th Infantry Division from 1986 to 1988. From 1988 to 1990, Fisher served at the Pentagon as chief of technical management for the Army staff.
General officer
Fisher was promoted to brigadier general in 1990, and served as assistant division commander of the 25th Infantry Division from 1990 to 1991. From 1991 to 1993, he commanded the Joint Readiness Training Center. During his command, the JRTC relocated from Little Rock Air Force Base and Fort Chaffee, Arkansas to a permanent location at Fort Polk, Louisiana.
In 1993, Fisher was promoted to major general and commanded of the 25th Infantry Division from 1993 to 1995. In 1995, he served as commander of Multi-National Force – Haiti during Operation Uphold Democracy.
From 1995 to 1997, Fisher served as chief of staff for the Army's Forces Command. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1997, and he served as commander of First United States Army from 1997 until his 1999 retirement.
Awards
Fisher's awards included the Army Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster, Bronze Star Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal, Army Commendation Medal, and Army Achievement Medal. He was also a recipient of the Combat Infantryman Badge and Senior Parachutist Badge.
Post-military career
From 1999 to 2012, Fisher was employed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee as director of advanced technologies (eastern region) for Lockheed Martin Energy Systems and director of Department of Defense programs.
Family
In 1972, Fisher married Brenda Sue Perry of North Carolina. They are the parents of a daughter, Tara, whose career has included serving as associate provost for planning, assessment, and evaluation and dean of enrollment management at The Citadel.
References
Sources
Books
Internet
Magazines
Newspapers
1942 births
Living people
People from Raleigh, North Carolina
United States Military Academy alumni
Naval Postgraduate School alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
Naval War College alumni
United States Army generals
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
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23622862
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milionia
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Milionia
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Milionia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Francis Walker in 1854.
Species
Milionia aetheria (Turner, 1947)
Milionia aroensis Rothschild
Milionia basalis Walker, 1854
Milionia brevipennis Jordan & Rothschild, 1895
Milionia callima Rothschild & Jordan, 1905
Milionia callimorpha Oberthür, 1894
Milionia celebensis Jordan & Rothschild, 1895
Milionia clarissima (Walker 1865)
Milionia cyanifera (Walker, [1865])
Milionia diva Rothschild
Milionia drucei Butler, 1883
Milionia dulitana Rothschild, 1897
Milionia elegans (Jordan & Rothschild, 1895)
Milionia exultans Rothschild, 1926
Milionia fulgida Vollenhoven, 1863
Milionia glaucans (Stoll, [1782])
Milionia isodoxa Prout
Milionia lepida Jordan, 1915
Milionia luculenta Swinhoe, 1889
Milionia macrospila Jordan, 1903
Milionia meeki Jordan & Rothschild, 1895
Milionia paradisea Jordan, 1903
Milionia pendleburyi Prout, 1932
Milionia philippinensis Rothschild, 1895
Milionia pulchrinervis Felder, 1874
Milionia queenslandica Jordan & Rothschild, 1895
Milionia rawakensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Milionia snelleni Butler, 1883
References
Boarmiini
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29870008
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classified%20United%20States%20website
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Classified United States website
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A variety of networks operating in special security domains handle classified information in the United States or sensitive but unclassified information, while other specialized networks are reserved specifically for unclassified use by the same agencies. Some sites accessed from these networks have been referred to as "classified websites" in official communications, such as the American embassy "Amman's Classified Web Site at http://www.state.sgov.gov/pinea/amman/" and "Mexico City's Classified Web Site at http://www.state.sgov.gov/p/wha/mexicocity" Some of these trace back to the Defense Data Network which split from the Internet in 1983.
Networks
NIPRNet
NIPRNet is a low-security network reserved for unclassified information, such as regular Internet websites and firewalled but unclassified military websites.
OpenNet
According to the U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual, "OpenNet is a physical and logical Internet Protocol (IP)-based global network that links the Department of State's Local Area Networks (LANs) domestically and abroad. The physical aspect of the network uses DTS circuits for posts abroad, FTS-2001-provided circuits, leased lines, and dial-up public switch networks. This includes interconnected hubs, routers, bridges, switches, and cables. The logical aspect of the network uses Integrated Enterprise Management System (NMS) and TCP/IP software, and other operational network applications. OpenNet is a Sensitive But Unclassified (SBU) network, which supports e-mail and data applications."
OpenNet+
OpenNet+ is described for State Department use as using standard .state.gov domain names, which must be requested through a State Department intranet site at http://intranet.state.gov/ds3081 . Web site development cannot be done on machines directly connected to this network. The "www" prefix is not to be used on OpenNet+, as it is reserved for use on the Internet.
DNI-U (OSIS)
OSIS was the name of an "unclassified network serving the intelligence community with open-source intelligence". Originally used to refer both to the network and to the content it provided, it has since been decoupled, with the content named "Intelink-U", while the network continues as DNI-U. The network is maintained by the DNI-CIO Intelligence Community Enterprise Services office (ICES).
ClassNet
ClassNet domain names for the State Department take the form ".state.sgov.gov". Web pages for ClassNet may be developed on a "classified workstation". "Any workstation used for development purposes may not serve as the operational repository of images, files, or other information associated with a Web site." ClassNet is used for telecommunications, and its use is promoted by the Business Center Division. Two versions of the State Messaging and Archival Retrieval Toolset (SMART) database were created, one with a maximum rating of Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU) for OpenNet+, and one with a top rating of Secret for ClassNet.
SIPRNet (DSNET1)
SIPRNet is a medium-security network for handling information that is classified as Secret or below. It may be used to access classified websites run by the Defense Intelligence Agency. SIPRNet replaced the Defense Data Network DSNET1 component.
NSANet
NSANet handles information rated Top Secret or Sensitive Compartmented Information.
JWICS
The Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) is a secure TCP/IP network providing services such as hypertext and e-mail rated up to Top Secret and SCI. JWICS replaced the Defense Data Network DSNET2 (Top Secret) and DSNET3 (SCI) networks.
Note
SI = Special / Secret Intelligence
TK is a codeword classification, standing for Talent Keyhole, meaning IMINT.
TS/SI/TK is often used as a blanket "entry level clearance" for conferences,
etc., as it is one of the most carefully controlled and restricted.
B = BYEMAN (National Reconnaissance Office)
References
Military-themed websites
United States government secrecy
Military intelligence agencies
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39585774
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ale%C5%A1%20Kohout
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Aleš Kohout
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Aleš Kohout (born 3 January 1972) is a Czech former footballer who played as a forward.
Career
He played in the Gambrinus liga for FK Jablonec, scoring twice in 15 appearances. He scored the decisive goal in the final of the 1997–98 Czech Cup as Jablonec beat Drnovice. Kohout played in the second division for Mladá Boleslav in the 1998–99 season. He subsequently played in the lower divisions in Germany.
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Czech footballers
Czech First League players
FK Jablonec players
FK Mladá Boleslav players
Wuppertaler SV players
SSVg Velbert players
KFC Uerdingen 05 players
Czech expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Czech expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Association football forwards
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293040
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20Brown%20%28naval%20officer%29
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Isaac Brown (naval officer)
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Isaac Newton Brown (May 27, 1817 – September 1, 1889) was a naval officer in both the United States Navy and the Confederate States Navy.
Isaac N. Brown was born in Caldwell County, Kentucky, but spent part of his later youth in western Tennessee. In March 1834, shortly after his father died, he joined the United States Navy as a midshipman. He received a commission as a lieutenant in 1846 and later participated in the Mexican–American War. He married, owned property on the Mississippi Delta, and had three sons. He remained in the Navy and made several trips around the world on various ships.
Shortly after the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, he resigned his commission. In June, he accepted a commission as a lieutenant in the fledgling Confederate States Navy. Brown was assigned to the Mississippi River region by the Confederate Naval Department. In May 1862 he was ordered to Yazoo City, Mississippi, to take command of the unfinished ironclad CSS Arkansas and complete her construction in the worst of conditions. After successfully accomplishing this difficult task, Brown commanded her dramatic breaking of the Union blockade of Vicksburg, Mississippi, on July 15, 1862.
Brown was promoted to commander in August 1862 in recognition of his bold and audacious actions at Vicksburg. Commander Brown served as captain of the ironclad CSS Charleston, which operated in defense of Charleston, South Carolina, during 1863–1865.
At the end of the Civil War, Brown took up farming in Mississippi and later moved to Texas. He died at Corsicana, Texas, and is buried in Oakwood Cemetery.
The Sons of Confederate Veterans awarded their Confederate Medal of Honor, started in 1977, to Brown for his distinguished service.
References
Isaac Newton Brown biography
"Saturday ceremony to honor Confederate Officer" Corsicana Daily Sun, July 13, 2012
1817 births
1889 deaths
Confederate States Navy commanders
Confederate States Navy captains
People of Kentucky in the American Civil War
People from Caldwell County, Kentucky
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43418463
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreodera%20omissa
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Oreodera omissa
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Oreodera omissa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1932.
References
Oreodera
Beetles described in 1932
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18290644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilogy%20of%20Terror%20%281968%20film%29
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Trilogy of Terror (1968 film)
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Trilogy of Terror () is a 1968 Brazilian horror film directed by José Mojica Marins, Luís Sérgio Person and Ozualdo Candeias. The film consists of 3 stories adapted from the Brazilian TV series Além, Muito Além do Além (Beyond, Much Beyond the Beyond): O Acordo (The Agreement), A Procissão dos Mortos (Procession of Dead), and Pesadelo Macabro (Macabre Nightmare).
Plot
The Agreement (O Acordo)
A mother becomes involved with black magic and offers a virgin woman to the devil in exchange for curing the illness of her only son. (40 minutes)
Cast: Lucy Rangel, Regina Célia, Durvalino de Souza, Luis Humberto, Alex Ronay, Henrique Borgens, Ugarte, Nádia Tell, Éddio Smani, Eucaris de Morais.
Procession of Dead (A Procissão dos Mortos)
A poor laborer is the only man in one village with courage to face a group of guerrilheiros ("guerrilla ghosts") that haunt the minds of the local villagers. (28 minutes)
Cast: Lima Duarte, Cassilda Lanuza, Waldir Guedes, Carlos Alberto Romano, Roberto Ferreira (Zé Coió), Lenoir Bittencourt, Pontes Santos, Wilson Júnior, Francisco Ribeiro.
Macabre Nightmare (Pesadelo Macabro)
A young man named Claudio (Mário Lima) is obsessed by fear of reptiles and spiders and the fear of being buried alive. When he undergoes a shocking event, he becomes unresponsive and is mistakenly buried, only to revive in the coffin after burial. His screams of terror from underground go unheard by the villagers (31 minutes)
Cast: Mário Lima, Vany Miller, Nelson Gasparini, Ingrid Holt, Walter C. Portella, Kátia Dumont, Francis Mary, Milene Drumont, Sebastião Grandin, Paula Ramos.
References
External links
Official film site
Trilogy of Terror on Portal Heco de Cinema
1968 films
1968 horror films
Brazilian films
Brazilian horror films
Films directed by José Mojica Marins
1960s Portuguese-language films
Films directed by Luis Sérgio Person
Brazilian anthology films
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21559947
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielawy%2C%20Byt%C3%B3w%20County
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Bielawy, Bytów County
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Bielawy is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Studzienice within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland. It lies approximately east of Studzienice, east of Bytów, and southwest of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
References
Villages in Bytów County
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6562453
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amitayurdhyana%20Sutra
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Amitayurdhyana Sutra
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The Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra (Sanskrit; ) is a Mahayana sutra in Pure Land Buddhism, a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism. It is one of the three principle Pure Land sutras along with the Infinite Life Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra. Amitāyus is another name for the Buddha Amitābha, the preeminent figure in Pure Land Buddhism, and this sūtra focuses mainly on meditations involving complex visualization. This is reflected in the name of the sūtra, which translates to the "Amitāyus Meditation Sūtra." It is believed to have first been composed in Chinese in the 5th century.
Title
The name of the sūtra translates to the "Amitāyus Meditation Sūtra." According to Paul Williams, a more accurate Sanskrit title for this text would be Amitāyurbuddhānusmṛti Sūtra, meaning "Amitāyus Buddha-mindfulness Sūtra."
History
According to tradition, it was translated into Chinese by a monk named Kalayashas between 424 and 442 AD. However, it is generally considered by modern scholarship to be apocryphal, a composition originally written in Chinese. No Sanskrit original has been discovered and the Sanskrit name and Sanskrit versions would thus be reverse translations.
Basic Outline of the Sutra
Preliminary matters
The text begins with a story where a prince named Ajatashatru was enticed by the villain Devadatta to murder his father, King Bimbisara, in order to ascend the throne. Ajatashatru kills his father, and nearly kills his mother, Queen Vaidehi, but after advice from his other ministers, he relented and threw his mother in prison.
Lamenting her fate, Queen Vaidehi prays to Gautama Buddha for help, and he is able to visit her. Vaidehi expresses her wish to be born in Amitābha's pure land. Shakyamuni smiles, emitting light from his mouth, and goes on to tell Vaidehi how to be reborn in the Pure Land. The Buddha tells her that although she is in prison, she could still obtain liberation through the practices of Amitābha. The Buddha goes on to describe Amitābha and how one could obtain rebirth in his land of Sukhavati.
This tale references historical incidents of the Haryanka dynasty of Magadha, India, and the religious tension between Gautama Buddha and his brother-in-law, Devadatta.
Attaining birth in the Pure Land
Shakyamuni explains the importance of performing certain meritorious acts in order to be reborn in the Pure Land. He then goes on to teach Vaidehi how to visualize the Pure Land, to further her efforts in attaining rebirth there. Shakyamuni describes thirteen "contemplations," or mental visualization exercises, that are to be followed in order. By deeply contemplating various aspects of the Pure Land and attempting to visualize them in detail, the aspirant draws closer to the Pure Land.
The thirteen contemplations are described in order as follows:
Contemplation of the setting sun
Contemplation of an expanse of water
Contemplation of the ground in the pure land
Contemplation of trees in the pure land
Contemplation of ponds in the pure land
Contemplation of various objects in the pure land
Contemplation of the lotus throne of the Buddha
Contemplation of the image of Amitābha
Contemplation of Amitābha himself
Contemplation of Avalokiteśvara
Contemplation of Mahasthamaprapta
Contemplation of the aspirants to the pure land
Contemplation of Amitābha and the two bodhisattvas
Nine levels of birth
In the final part of the sutra, Gautama Buddha discusses the nine levels into which those born into the Pure Land are categorized. The levels are ranked from highest to lowest as follows:
The highest level of the highest grade
The middle level of the highest grade
The lowest level of the highest grade
The highest level of the middle grade
The middle level of the middle grade
The lowest level of the middle grade
The highest level of the lowest grade
The middle level of the lowest grade
The lowest level of the lowest grade
According to the Buddha, all nine grades of human beings can achieve rebirth into the Pure Land if they contemplate Amitābha or at least call on his name. This is similar to the 48 vows made by Amitābha, according to the Infinite Life Sutra, which includes the Primal Vow.
Conclusion
The sutra ends with a short section describing the benefits gained by those who listened to these words of the Buddha. Vaidehi experienced "great awakening with clarity of mind and reached the insight into the non-arising of all dharmas," while her five hundred female attendants and "innumerable devas" also awakened aspiration for the highest enlightenment. Shakyamuni names the sutra, mentions benefits connected with the name of Amitabha Buddha, and exhorts all to hold the words of the sutra in their minds. Shakyamuni then returns through the air to Vulture Peak.
See also
Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra (Infinite Life Sutra)
Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra (Amitabha Sutra)
Pure Land Buddhism
Sukhavati
Amitābha
Jōdo-shū
Jōdo Shinshū
Sutra
Chinese Buddhism
Notes
Further reading
Hisao Inagaki, Harold Stewart (transl.): The Three Pure Land Sutras, Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research 2003. PDF retrieved 2013/07/28
Pas, Julian F. (1974). Shan-tao's Interpretation of the Meditative Vision of Buddha Amitāyus, History of Religions 14 (2), 96-116
Takakusu, J. (trans.), Friedrich Max Müller, ed.: Amitayurdhyana Sutra. In: The Sacred Books of the East, Volume XLIX: Buddhist Mahāyāna Texts, Part II. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1894 Internet Archive
Tanaka, Kenneth K. 1990. The Dawn of Chinese Pure Land Buddhist Doctrine: Jìngyǐng Huìyuán's Commentary on the Visualization Sūtra. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Johnson, Peter, trans. (2020). The Land of Pure Bliss, On the Nature of Faith & Practice in Greater Vehicle (Mahāyāna) Buddhism, Including a Full Translation of Shàndǎo’s Commentary in Four Parts Explaining The Scripture About Meditation on the Buddha ‘Of Infinite Life’ (Amitāyur Buddha Dhyāna Sūtra, 觀無量壽佛經), An Lac Publications,
External links
The Contemplation Sutra, translated into English by J. Takakusu
English translation of the Contemplation Sutra
The Taima Mandala Image of the Pure Land from a medieval Japanese scroll, based on the descriptions found in the Contemplation Sutra. This site offers explanations in English of the various motifs of the scroll.
The Scripture on the Buddha’s Teaching About Meditation On the Enlightened Being ‘Of Infinite Life’ , from The Land of Pure Bliss, On the Nature of Faith & Practice in Greater Vehicle (Mahāyāna) Buddhism, translated by Peter Johnson,
Pure Land Buddhism
Mahayana sutras
Post-canonical Buddhist texts
Chinese Buddhist texts
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1932041
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testimonial%20match
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Testimonial match
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A testimonial match or testimonial game, often referred to simply as a testimonial, is a practice in some sports, particularly in association football in the United Kingdom and South America, where a club has a match to honour a player for service to the club. These matches are always non-competitive.
History
The practice started at a time when player compensation, even those at top professional clubs, was at a level that made it difficult to maintain it as a primary form of employment therefore retirement savings might not exist. These matches are generally well-attended and the gesture by the club can give the honoree income that enables a retirement income base or enable the honoree an opportunity to establish themselves in other employment when they finished playing. This is still the main objective of testimonials in Australia, Ireland and some other countries.
Clubs typically grant testimonials to players upon reaching ten years of service with a club, although in recent years they have been given to players for particular circumstances such as approaching retirement. Typically, the club invites (depending on the career of the honoree) current or retired teammates (typically the honoree's club and national team) to participate in the match or with the associated festivities. All proceeds from the match go to the player which depending on the applicable country laws may be tax-free.
These matches have become less frequent as changes have occurred in football that make the original purpose less needed or appreciated. Wages have increased, players may not stay with a club as long as they had formerly and those top players that have the esteem of the public and in the past had financial need for such assistance make it less likely for the public to support the purpose of these matches. However, testimonial matches for players who have given many years of service to the club (i.e. one-club men) and are popular with fans have a higher turnout.
Testimonials in top-level football have continued to honour a player but have increasingly become charitable affairs, in which the player gives part or all of the proceeds to charitable activities. For example, longtime Sunderland and Republic of Ireland star Niall Quinn, in a "friendly" in 2002 at the Stadium of Light, donated all of the nearly-£1-million proceeds of the match to the charitable foundation he started that go to the support of children's hospitals in Tyne and Wear, Ireland, and India. Another high-profile charitable testimonial was that of England rugby player Martin Johnson, held at Twickenham on 4 June 2005. This event, which featured many rugby union stars, benefited children's and cancer charities. On 4 September 2010, a crowd of 35,682 attended Jamie Carragher's testimonial match at Anfield, after fifteen years of service to Liverpool, and helped to raise more than £1 million for the defender's "23 Foundation" charity.
Examples in association football
Uruguayan Enzo Francescoli from Argentina's River Plate (1983–1986; 1994–1997) on 1 August 1997 between River Plate and Uruguay's Peñarol at River Plate's stadium Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti.
Argentinian Ariel Ortega from Argentina's River Plate (1991–1996; 2000–2002; 2006–2012) on 13 July 2013 between River Plate and Ariel Ortega's friends XI at River Plate's stadium Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti.
Argentinian Fernando Cavenaghi from Argentina's River Plate (2001–2004; 2011–2012) on 1 July 2017 between two River Plate legends XI named "White" and "Red" (clubs official colours) at River Plate's stadium Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti.
Uruguayan Carlos Alberto Aguilera from Uruguay's Peñarol (1987–1988; 1994–1999) on 24 June 2000 between Peñarol and a stars team of notable players linked with Aguilera at the Estadio Centenario.
Uruguayan Antonio Pacheco from Uruguay's Peñarol (1994–2000; 2003; 2007–2011; 2012–2015) on 30 July 2016 between Peñarol and an Antonio Pacheco's friends XI at Peñarol's stadium Estadio Campeón del Siglo.
Uruguayan Rodrigo Nicanor Mora from Argentina's River Plate (2012–2013; 2014–2019) on 13 July 2019 between River Plate and a Rodrigo Mora's friends XI at River Plate's stadium Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti.
Argentinian Sebastián Battaglia from Argentina's Boca Juniors (1998–2003; 2005–2013) on 8 July 2015 between two Boca Juniors legends XI named "Blue" and "Yellow" (clubs official colours) at Boca Juniors stadium Estadio La Bombonera Alberto J. Armando.
Argentinian Ángel Clemente Rojas from Argentina's Boca Juniors (1963–1971) on 27 May 2002 between a Boca Juniors legends XI and an Argentinian league's old glories IX at Boca Juniors stadium Estadio La Bombonera Alberto J. Armando.
Argentinian Diego Milito from Argentina's Racing Club de Avellaneda (1999–2003; 2014–2016) on 12 November 2016 between Racing Club and a Diego Milito's friends XI at Racing Club stadium Estadio El Cilindro Presidente Juan Domingo Perón.
Argentinian Gabriel Milito from Argentina's Independiente de Avellaneda (1997–2003; 2011–2012) on 26 December 2013 between Independiente and a Gabriel Milito's friends XI at Independiente's stadium Estadio Libertadores de América.
Brazilian Zico from Japan's Kashima Antlers (1991–1994) on 10 October 1994 between Kashima Antlers and a J-League XI at in a match named "Zico's final Carnival".
Brazilian Zé Roberto from Brazil's Palmeiras (2015–2017) on 13 January 2019 between Palmeiras and a Zé Roberto's friends XI at Palmeiras Allianz Parque.
Brazilian Rogério Ceni from Brazil's São Paulo F.C. (1992–2015) on 12 December 2015 between São Paulo F.C.'s 1992–1994 XI and São Paulo's 2005 IX (the two São Paulo F.C. 's teams which won the Copa Libertadores at that time being Rogério Ceni part of both) at São Paulo F.C.'s stadium Estádio do Morumbí.
Brazilian-Qatari Émerson Sheik from Brazil's Corinthians Paulista (2011–2015; 2018) between Corinthians Paulista's 2012 Libertadores champions XI and an Émerson Sheik's friends XI on 7 December 2018.
Similar events
In addition to many exhibition matches which have been organised to raise funds for good causes, often in the style of an all-star game (such as annual Soccer Aid and Match Against Poverty events), some similar matches have been arranged to honour a particular player at the end of their career, with the proceeds going to charity – examples being Gheorghe Hagi and Tomáš Rosický – but these are not testimonials as they are not organised by a club. There are some other cases of matches to honour dead players as a mourning as Liam Miller's case.
See also
Benefit (sports)
Benefit season, a similar concept in cricket.
Len Cantello Testimonial Match
References
Association football terminology
Rugby league terminology
Rugby union terminology
Association football culture
Australian rules football culture
Gaelic games culture
Rugby football culture
fr:Jubilé#Dans le monde du sport
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4146882
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renegadepress.com
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Renegadepress.com
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renegadepress.com is a Canadian teen drama television series, produced by Vérité Films for the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network.
Plot
The storyline follows the lives of a group of teenagers running an e-zine about their daily experiences. The main characters are Zoey (Ksenia Solo), an average upper middle-class girl who thinks of herself as a bit of a nerd, and Jack (Bronson Pelletier), a boy of First Nations origin. The series deals with teenage topics, including relationships, sex and drugs. Every season, two to three new characters are introduced, who join in writing the e-zine. These characters are usually added to explore new areas of teen life and problems.
The show is no longer in production, although reruns continue to air on APTN. In 2008, the Global Television Network also began airing the show's first season. TFO, the French language educational broadcaster in Ontario, has also aired a French dubbed version of the program. In 2012, renegadepress.com made its American debut on the Starz channel Starz Kids & Family.
Cast
Bronson Pelletier as Jack Sinclair
Ksenia Solo as Zoey Jones
Ishan Davé as Sandi Bhutella
Shawn Erker as Oscar Cherniak
Rachel Colwell as Crystal Sinclair
Ingrid Nilson as Patti
Magda Apanowicz as Alex Young
Nolan Gerard Funk as Ben Lalonde
Ephraim Ellis as Dylan
Katlin Long-Wright as Heath Stevenson
Matthew Strongeagle as Michael
Wendy Anderson as Linda Jones, Zoey's mother
David Neale as Brian Jones, Zoey's father
Lorne Cardinal as Wayne Sinclair, Jack and Crystal's father
Curtis Lum as Connor
Nikki Elek as Suzie
References
External links
renegadepress.com
2000s Canadian teen drama television series
2004 Canadian television series debuts
2008 Canadian television series endings
Aboriginal Peoples Television Network original programming
CTV 2 original programming
Global Television Network original programming
Citytv original programming
TFO original programming
TVOntario original programming
Starz original programming
English-language television shows
Television series by Bell Media
Television series by Corus Entertainment
Canadian television soap operas
Television series about teenagers
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70024
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine%20Coon
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Maine Coon
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The Maine Coon is a large domesticated cat breed. It has a distinctive physical appearance and valuable hunting skills. It is one of the oldest natural breeds in North America. The breed originated in the U.S. state of Maine, where it is the official state cat.
No records of the Maine Coon's exact origins and date of introduction to the United States exist, so several competing hypotheses have been suggested, the most credible suggestion being that it is closely related to the Norwegian Forest cat and the Siberian. The breed was popular in cat shows in the late 19th century, but its existence became threatened when long-haired breeds from overseas were introduced in the early 20th century. The Maine Coon has since made a comeback and is now the third most popular pedigreed cat breed in the world.
The Maine Coon is a large and sociable cat, hence its nickname, "the gentle giant." It is characterized by a prominent ruff along its chest, robust bone structure, rectangular body shape, an uneven two-layered coat with longer guard hairs over a silky satin undercoat, and a long, bushy tail. The breed's colors vary widely, with only lilac and chocolate disallowed for pedigree. Prized for its intelligence and playful, gentle personality, the Maine Coon is often cited as having "dog-like" characteristics. Professionals notice certain health problems recurring in the breed, including feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hip dysplasia, but reputable breeders use modern screening methods to minimize the frequency of these problems.
A Maine Coon Polydactyl is a Maine Coon polydactyl cat. This variation is acceptable within general judging standards for the breed and is separately certified by some organizations, like The International Cat Association (TICA).
History
The Maine Coon is the largest domesticated cat. It has a distinctive physical appearance and valuable hunting skills. The breed was popular in cat shows in the late 19th century, but its existence became threatened when long-haired breeds from overseas were introduced in the early 20th century.
Origin
The ancestral origins of the Maine Coon are unknown—there are only speculation and folk tales. One story involves Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France who was executed in 1793. The story goes that before her death, Antoinette attempted to escape France with the help of Captain Samuel Clough. She loaded Clough's ship with her most prized possessions, including six of her favorite Turkish Angora or possibly Siberian cats. Although she did not make it to the United States, all of her pets managed to reach the shore of Wiscasset, Maine, safely, where they bred with other short-haired breeds and developed into the modern breed of the Maine Coon.
Cat shows and popularity
The first mention of Maine Coon cats in a literary work was in 1861, in Frances Simpson's The Book of the Cat (1903). F.R. Pierce, who owned several Maine Coons, wrote a chapter about the breed. During the late 1860s, farmers located in Maine told stories about their cats and held the "Maine State Champion Coon Cat" contest at the local Skowhegan Fair.
In 1895, a dozen Maine Coons were entered into a show in Boston. On 8 May 1895, the first North American cat show was hosted at Madison Square Garden in New York City. A female Maine Coon brown tabby, named Cosey, was entered into the show. Owned by Mrs. Fred Brown, Cosey won the silver collar and medal and was named Best in Show. The silver collar was purchased by the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) Foundation with the help of a donation from the National Capital Cat Show. The collar is housed at the CFA Central Office in the Jean Baker Rose Memorial Library.
In the early 20th century, the Maine Coon's popularity began to decline with the introduction of other long-haired breeds, such as the Persian, which originated in the Middle East. The last recorded win by a Maine Coon in a national cat show for over 40 years was in 1911 at a show in Portland, Oregon. The breed was rarely seen after that. The decline was so severe that the breed was declared extinct in the 1950s, although this declaration was considered to be exaggerated and reported prematurely at the time. The Central Maine Cat Club (CMCC) was created in the early 1950s by Ethylin Whittemore, Alta Smith, and Ruby Dyer in an attempt to increase the popularity of the Maine Coon. For 11 years, the CMCC held cat shows and hosted exhibitions of photographs of the breed and is noted for creating the first written breed standards for the Maine Coon.
The Maine Coon was denied provisional breed status—one of the three steps required for a breed not yet recognized by the CFA to be able to compete in championship competitions—by the CFA three times, which led to the formation of the Maine Coon Cat Club in 1973. The breed was accepted by the CFA under provisional status on May 1st, 1975, and was approved for championship status on May 1st, 1976. The next couple of decades saw a rise in popularity of the Maine Coon, with championship victories and an increase in national rankings. In 1985, the state of Maine announced that the breed would be named the official state cat. Today the Maine Coon is the third most popular cat breed, according to the number of kittens registered with the CFA.
Description
The Maine Coon is a large and sociable cat, hence its nickname, "the gentle giant." It is characterized by a prominent ruff along its chest, robust bone structure, rectangular body shape, an uneven two-layered coat with longer guard hairs over a silky satin undercoat, and a long, bushy tail.
Markings
The Maine Coon is a long- or medium-haired cat. The coat is soft and silky, although texture may vary with coat color. The length is shorter on the head and shoulders and longer on the stomach and flanks, with some cats having a leonine ruff around their neck. Minimal grooming is required for the breed compared to other long-haired breeds, as their coat is mostly self-maintaining owing to a light-density undercoat. The coat is subject to seasonal variation, with the fur being thicker in the winter and thinner during the summer.
Maine Coons can have any colors that other cats have. Colors indicating crossbreeding, such as chocolate, lavender, the Siamese pointed patterns or the "ticked" patterns, are not accepted by some breed standards. This is not universal; the ticked pattern, for example, is accepted by TICA and CFA. The most common pattern seen in the breed is brown tabby. All eye colors are accepted under breed standards, with the exception of blue or odd-eyes, i.e. heterochromia iridium, or two eyes of different colors, in cats possessing coat colors other than white.
Habits
Maine Coons have several physical adaptations for survival in harsh winter climates. Their dense water-resistant fur is longer and shaggier on their underside and rear for extra protection when they are walking or sitting on top of wet surfaces of snow or ice. Their long and bushy raccoon-like tail is resistant to sinking in snow, and can be curled around their face and shoulders for warmth and protection from wind and blowing snow. It can even be curled around their backside like an insulated seat cushion when sitting down on a frozen surface. Large paws, and especially the extra-large paws of polydactyl Maine Coons, facilitate walking on snow and are often compared to snowshoes. Long tufts of fur growing between their toes help keep the toes warm and further aid walking on snow by giving the paws additional structure without significant extra weight. Heavily furred ears with extra long tufts of fur growing from inside can keep warm more easily.
Personality
Maine Coons are known as the "gentle giants" and possess above-average intelligence, making them relatively easy to train. They are known for being loyal to their family and cautious—but not mean—around strangers, but are independent and not clingy. The Maine Coon is generally not known for being a "lap cat," but their gentle disposition makes the breed relaxed around dogs, other cats, and children. Many Maine Coons have a fascination with water and some speculate that this personality trait comes from their ancestors, who were aboard ships for much of their lives. Maine Coons are also well known for being very vocal cats. They are known for their frequent yowling or howling, trilling, chirping, and making other loud vocalizations.
Size
The Maine Coon was considered the largest breed of domestic cat until the introduction of the Savannah cat in the mid 1980s, and is still the largest non-hybrid breed. On average, males weigh from , with females weighing from . The height of adults can vary between and they can reach a length of up to , including the tail, which can reach a length of and is long, tapering, and heavily furred, almost resembling a raccoon's tail. The body is solid and muscular, which is necessary for supporting their weight, and the chest is broad. Maine Coons possess a rectangular body shape and are slow to physically mature; their full size is normally not reached until they are three to five years old, while other cats take about one year.
In 2010, the Guinness World Records accepted a male purebred Maine Coon named "Stewie" as the "Longest Cat", measuring from the tip of his nose to the tip of his tail. Stewie died ;February 4th, 2013, from cancer at his home in Reno, Nevada, at age 8. As of 2015 the living record-holder for "Longest Cat" is "Ludo", measuring 3 ft 10.59 in (118.33 cm). He lives in Wakefield, England, in the United Kingdom. In May 2018 the Maine Coon "Barivel" measured 120 cm (3 ft 11.2 in), making him the current holder of the Guinness World Records. This was verified on 22 May 2018 by Guinness Book Of World Records.
Large Maine Coons can overlap in length with Eurasian lynxes, although with a much lighter build and lower height.
Diet
Maine Coon cats generally can eat the same food as other types of cats, although their high energy expenditure can mean that they need a larger-than-average diet.
Health
Pet insurance data obtained from a study during years 2003–2006 in Sweden puts the median lifespan of the Maine Coon at > 12.5 years. 74% lived to 10 years or more and 54% lived to 12.5 years or more. Maine Coons are generally a healthy and hardy breed that is adapted to survive the challenging climate of New England. The most severe threat is feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common heart disease seen in cats, whether purebred or not. In Maine Coons, it is thought to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Middle-aged to older cats and males are thought to be predisposed to the disease. HCM is a progressive disease and can result in heart failure, paralysis of the hind legs due to clot embolization originating in the heart, and sudden death.
A specific mutation that causes HCM, for which testing services are offered, is seen in Maine Coons. Of all the Maine Coons tested for the MyBPC mutation at the Veterinary Cardiac Genetics Lab at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Washington State University, approximately one-third tested positive. Not all cats that test positive will have clinical signs of the disease, and some Maine Coon cats with clinical evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy test negative for this mutation, strongly suggesting that a second mutation exists in the breed. The HCM prevalence was found to be 10.1% (95% CI 5.8 -14.3% ) in this study. Early growth and nutrition, larger body size, and obesity may be environmental modifiers of genetic predisposition to HCM.
Another potential health problem is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), another genetically inherited disease that causes the loss of the spinal-cord neurons which activate the skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs. Symptoms are normally seen within 3–4 months of age and result in muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, and a shortened lifespan. A test is offered to detect the genes responsible for SMA.
Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint which can cause crippling lameness and arthritis. The cats most commonly affected with hip dysplasia tend to be males of the larger, big-boned breeds such as Persians and Maine Coons. The relatively smaller size and weight of cats frequently results in symptoms that are less pronounced. X-rays submitted to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) between 1974 and 2011 indicates that 24.3% of Maine Coons in the database were dysplastic. The Maine Coon is the only cat breed listed in the database. The hip dysplasia registry (public and private) collected by OFA through April 2015 also showed that there were 2,732 cats that suffered from hip dysplasia, of which 2,708 (99.1%) were Maine Coons. Dysplasia was more severe in bilateral than unilateral cases and with increasing age.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited condition in cats that causes multiple cysts (pockets of fluid) to form in the kidneys. These cysts are present from birth. Initially, they are very small, but they grow larger over time and may eventually disrupt kidney function, resulting in kidney failure. While renal cysts are observed with a low incidence in Maine Coons, PKD appears to be a misnomer in this particular breed. In a recent study spanning 8 years, renal cysts were documented by ultrasound in 7 of 187 healthy Maine Coons enrolled in a pre-breeding screening programme. The cysts were mostly single and unilateral (6/7, 85.7%) small (mean 3.6 mm in diameter) and located at the corticomedullary junction (4/6, 66.7%), thus different in size, number, and location from those observed in Persian-related breeds. In the same study, not only did all six Maine Coon cats with renal cysts test negative for the PKD1 mutation, proving the disease in these cats to be unrelated to the PKD observed in Persians and related breeds, but gene sequencing of these cats failed to demonstrate any common genetic sequences. 'Maine Coon PKD' thus appears to represent a form of juvenile nephropathy other than AD-PKD.
Many of the original Maine Coon cats that inhabited the New England area possessed a trait known as polydactylism (having one or more extra toes on a paw). Polydactylism is rarely, if ever, seen in Maine Coons in the show ring, since it is not allowed by competition standards. The gene for polydactylism is a simple autosomal dominant gene, which has shown to pose no threat to the cat's health. Polydactyly in Maine Coon cats is characterised by broad phenotypic diversity. Polydactyly not only affects digit number and conformation, but also carpus and tarsus conformation. The trait was almost eradicated from the breed due to the fact that it was an automatic disqualifier in show rings. Private organizations and breeders were created in order to preserve polydactylism in Maine Coon cats.
See also
References
Further reading
Cat breeds
Cat breeds originating in the United States
Linebred animals
Maine culture
Natural cat breeds
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43097410
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SA%27s%20Got%20Talent%20%28season%204%29
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SA's Got Talent (season 4)
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SA's Got Talent was renewed for a fourth season. There were no major changes this season.
Auditions
References
Got Talent
2013 South African television seasons
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61882788
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk%20Thermal%20Power%20Plant%203
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Novosibirsk Thermal Power Plant 3
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Novosibirsk Thermal Power Plant 3 () is a coal-fired power plant located in the Leninsky City District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It started operating in 1942.
History
In 1939, the construction of the power station began at the Sibselmash Plant.
The thermal power plant started operating on 2 October 1942.
References
Leninsky District, Novosibirsk
Economy of Novosibirsk
Coal-fired power stations in Russia
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36686550
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginebis
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Ginebis
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Ginebis is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Eucyclidae.
Species
Species within the genus Ginebis include:
Ginebis argenteonitens (Lischke, 1872)
Ginebis corolla Habe & Kosuge, 1970
Ginebis crumpii (Pilsbry, 1893)
Ginebis hamadai Kosuge, 1980
Ginebis japonica (Dall, 1925)
Species brought into synonymy
Ginebis convexiuscula (Yokoyama, 1920): synonym of Ginebis argenteonitens (Lischke, 1872)
Ginebis kirai Sakurai, 1983: synonym of Ginebis argenteonitens (Lischke, 1872)
Ginebis nakamigawai Sakurai, 1983: synonym of Ginebis argenteonitens (Lischke, 1872)
References
Eucyclidae
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55595872
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%20Comoros%20Premier%20League
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2016 Comoros Premier League
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The 2016 Comoros Premier League was the top level football competition in the Comoros. It was played from 31 October to 20 November 2016.
Teams
The champions of the three regional leagues of each island will take part in the final tournament to determinate the overall champions.
Champions of Mwali: Fomboni FC (Fomboni)
Champions of Ndzuwani: Steal Nouvel FC de Sima (Sima)
Champions of Ngazidja: Ngaya Club de Mdé (Mdé)
Standings
References
Football leagues in the Comoros
Premier League
Comoros
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3896823
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane%20Earl%20%281998%29
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Hurricane Earl (1998)
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Hurricane Earl was an atypical, disorganized, and short-lived Category 2 hurricane that caused moderate damage throughout the Southeast United States. It formed out of a poorly organized tropical disturbance over the southwest Gulf of Mexico late on August 31, 1998. Tracking towards the northeast, the storm quickly intensified into a hurricane on September 2 and made landfall early the next day near Panama City, Florida. Rapidly tracking towards Atlantic Canada, the extratropical remnants of Earl significantly intensified before passing over Newfoundland on September 6. The remnants were absorbed by former Hurricane Danielle two days later.
Moderate beach erosion occurred along the coasts of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida as waves reached . Throughout Florida, nearly 2,000 homes were damaged and a few were destroyed. Severe flooding caused by storm surge and heavy rains was the main cause of damage in the state. Offshore, two men drowned after their boat capsized during the storm. A minor tornado outbreak took place in relation to Earl in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. A tornado in South Carolina killed one person after completely destroying the occupant's home. In all, three people were killed by Earl and damages were $79 million (1998 USD; $104.4 million 2009 USD).
Meteorological history
Hurricane Earl originated out of a strong tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa on August 17. By August 23, a weak area of low pressure developed within the wave and well-developed convective activity was present as it tracked through the Lesser Antilles. Once in the Caribbean, strong wind shear produced by the outflow of Hurricane Bonnie inhibited further development of the system. As it remained well-defined, satellites easily followed the low pressure into the Gulf of Mexico. By August 31, the storm had become sufficiently organized for the National Hurricane Center (NHC) to classify it as Tropical Depression Five. At this time, the depression was located roughly halfway between Mérida and Tampico, Mexico.
Operationally, the NHC immediately classified the system as Tropical Storm Earl based on a Hurricane Hunter Reconnaissance mission that found flight-level winds of 49 mph (79 km/h), corresponding to surface winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). Due to the existence of multiple circulation centers, the initial movement of the storm was uncertain, but forecasters anticipated a general northward movement. In post-season analysis, it was determined that the system intensified into Tropical Storm Earl while located about 575 miles (925 km) south-southwest of New Orleans. Initial advisories on Earl relocated the center of circulation several times before focusing on the true circulation center.
By September 1, the storm began to consolidate, with reconnaissance flights finding an elongated center and surface winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). Moderate wind shear inhibited convective development in the western portion; however, outflow in other areas of the storm improved, leading to further development. A northwest track, fully identified by this time as a mid-tropospheric ridge located over Florida, strengthened. Remaining disorganized, Earl continued to intensify as the center of circulation was located close to deep convection. The NHC stated in their fifth advisory on the storm that Earl did not appear to be fully tropical due to the lack of organization. Around 1200 UTC on September 2, Earl intensified into a hurricane despite having an atypical structure; the wind field of the storm was asymmetric and the strongest winds were located well to the southeast of the center.
Several hours after becoming a hurricane, Earl further intensified into a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale; this observation was based on a flight-level winds of 119 mph (192 km/h), which corresponded to surface winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). The storm did not feature an eye or partial eyewall. The central barometric pressure continued to fall despite the fact that the storm was beginning to weaken. Around 0000 UTC on September 3, the central pressure decreased to 985 mbar (hPa; 29.09 inHg); however, winds also decreased to 90 mph (150 km/h). As Earl neared landfall, cloud tops significantly warmed, indicating weakening, and the overall structure of the storm became less organized.
Around 0600 UTC (1:00 am EDT) on September 3, Hurricane Earl made landfall near Panama City, Florida with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). Shortly after landfall, the storm weakened to a tropical storm and rapidly accelerated as it quickly underwent an extratropical transition. By this time the NHC issued their final advisory on Earl. Several hours later, Earl finished its transition and continued to rapidly track through the Southeast United States. After entering the Atlantic Ocean, the remnants of Earl began re-intensify due to the effects of a baroclinic zone. Relatively cool sea surface temperatures near Atlantic Canada prevented tropical development; however, during a 36-hour span, Earl rapidly intensified, as the central barometric pressure decreased by 40 mbar (hPa; ) to 957 mbar (hPa; ). By the time the system made landfall over eastern Newfoundland, sustained winds had intensified to 65 mph (100 km/h). On September 8, the remnants of Earl significantly weakened and were soon absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone associated with the remnants of Hurricane Danielle.
Preparations
As Earl tracked towards the northeastern Gulf of Mexico on September 1, a hurricane warning was issued for coastal areas between Pascagoula, Mississippi and Cameron, Louisiana. Additionally, hurricane watches extended out to Destin, Florida and High Island, Texas from the edges of the warning respectively. Early the next day, a tropical storm warning was issued for areas between Pascagoula, Mississippi and Destin, Florida. In response to the eastward movement of the hurricane, the hurricane watch and warning was discontinued for areas west of Morgan City, Louisiana. Additionally, the hurricane warning was extended eastward to Destin, Florida, a tropical storm warning was issued east of Destin to Apalachicola, Florida, and a tropical storm watch was declared for areas between Morgan City and Cameron, Louisiana. Several hours later, the hurricane warning was again extended eastward to the mouth of the Suwannee River. All watches and warnings were discontinued for areas west of Pascagoula, Mississippi and due to the asymmetrical structure of Hurricane Earl, a tropical storm warning was issued as far south as the Florida Keys. Continuing uncertainty in the track of Earl prompted the issuance of a hurricane watch and tropical storm warning for areas between Pascagoula, Mississippi and Grand Isle, Louisiana, including the city of New Orleans. After Earl made landfall in Florida, all watches and warnings were discontinued in relation to the storm.
Offshore, several oil and natural gas rigs were evacuated due to the proximity of Earl. An estimated 10,000 workers were evacuated from both onshore and offshore rigs. The storm forced many Florida residences to evacuate, especially people living in the barrier islands along the Florida Gulf Coast. About 30 Air Force jets from Eglin Air Force Base were sent to Oklahoma to protect them from the storm. A mandatory evacuation was issued for 20,000 residents in Leon County as well as all barrier islands along the Florida coast due to the risk of substantial flooding. Franklin County was briefly under a mandatory evacuation order on September 2, the reasons for the lifting of the order are unknown. State parks along the Florida Panhandle were also closed and highways became congested with thousands of residents and tourists evacuating the barrier islands.
Along the Louisiana coastline, voluntary evacuation orders were given out. A state of emergency was declared for portions of southeast Louisiana as tides in relation to the storm were forecast to reach . Emergency shelters were opened throughout Plaquemines Parish, schools were closed in many areas, and the floodgates around New Orleans were shut. An estimated 5,000 people evacuated to inland areas throughout Louisiana. In Nueces County, Texas, work crews worked quickly to clear garbage along the streets and picked up trash cans to avoid possible problems with clogged drains. Throughout the Alabama and Mississippi coasts, schools were closed due to the storm.
Impact
Throughout the Southeast United States, Hurricane Earl killed three people and caused $79 million (1998 USD; $104.4 million 2009 USD) in damages.
Florida
Ahead of Hurricane Earl's landfall in Florida, several tornadoes were spawned along the outer bands of the storm. The first tornado to touch down was a brief F0 that caused no known damage. The second tornado, rated F1, caused moderate damage to three homes and two buildings that were under-construction along its path. During a 15-minute span, three brief F0 tornadoes touched down in unpopulated areas, causing minor tree damage. Several hours later, a strong F1 tornado touched down in Port Canaveral. The tornado damaged 14 cars, eight condominiums, four businesses, a mobile home, and a fire station. In all, the tornado caused $6 million in damages and injured one person. On St. George Island, an F1 tornado damaged six homes, leaving $150,000 in damages. High waves, estimated at caused a boat to capsize off the coast of Panama City, drowning both occupants.
Upon making landfall in Florida early on September 3, Earl produced a storm surge up to in the Big Bend, inundating coastal communities. Torrential rains, peaking at around Panama City, fell throughout the Florida Panhandle. Significant beach erosion was recorded in Walton County, Carrabelle Beach and Alligator Point. The most extensive damage occurred in Bay County where 1,112 structures damaged by flooding and three were destroyed. In Panama City, upwards of of water flooded homes. An estimated 7,100 residents in Bay County lost power during the storm. Florida officials temporarily shut down numerous major roadways, including State Road 77 due to high water. Portions of two roads in coastal Liberty County were destroyed due to beach erosion. In Gulf County, 300 homes were damaged by high winds and floodwaters. An estimated 8,700 people lost power in the county during the storm. At Port St. Joe, Earl's storm surge inundated 14 businesses and caused a water main break in the Lighthouse Utilities facility. In Franklin County, storm surge damaged 136 homes and 15 businesses and led to a temporary closure of the St. George Causeway. A lighthouse on St. George Island was also destroyed by the storm.
At least 50 people were stranded in Alligator Point after floodwaters washed out the main access route to the town. In Wakulla County, 216 homes and businesses were damaged by high winds and flooding. Severe flooding in coastal Taylor County caused significant damage in nine communities. County officials reported that 66 structures were damaged by Earl. Five homes were destroyed and 39 others were damaged by flooding in Dixie County. In Highlands County, one person was injured after being struck by lightning. On September 3, the strongest tornado spawned by Earl in Florida touched down in Citrus County. Rated F2, the tornado tracked for , destroying eight homes and damaging 24 others. Several trees and power lines were also downed. Two people were injured in one of the destroyed homes and damages from the tornado amounted to $500,000. In all, Hurricane Earl killed two people and caused $73 million (1998 USD; $96.5 million 2009 USD) in Florida.
Southeastern U.S.
In Louisiana, moderate beach erosion occurred as tides reached above mean sea level. Rainfall was relatively light, peaking around in Morgan City, as only the outer bands of Earl affected the state. The highest winds occurred along the coast, with sustained winds reaching 30 mph (45 km/h) and gusts reaching in Venice, Louisiana. Only minimal damage resulted from the storm in Louisiana, with monetary losses amounting to $32,000. However, losses due to the large-scale evacuation of oil and natural gas rigs was estimated to be several million dollars. Earl had limited impacts in Mississippi, with only areas along the immediate coast recording tropical storm-force wind gusts. In Alabama, Earl produced moderate rainfall, with areas along the Georgia state line receiving more than . Despite the center of Earl passing close to the state, winds were only recorded up to 40 mph (65 km/h), resulting in scattered power outages and downed trees. Portions of Alabama State Route 28 were temporarily shut down due to debris covering the road. In all, damages in the state amounted to $120,000.
Ahead of Earl, an onshore flow related to the storm produced swells along the Georgia coast, causing significant damage to marinas. The Mar Lin Marina sustained the most damage from this event; all the docks were destroyed, 30 boats were damaged and six were destroyed. Damages to the marina and boats amounted to $1.3 million. Heavy rains fell throughout central areas of the state, with the highest amounts nearing . Because Earl rapidly weakened upon landfall, the highest winds in Georgia only reached . Numerous trees and power lines were downed, resulting in scattered power outages. Throughout Georgia, an estimated 10,400 people lost power due to Earl. Several streets were flooded due to the rains, resulting in traffic accidents. One tornado was spawned by Earl in Georgia; rated F2 on the Fujita scale, the tornado tracked for in Screven County. Estimated at in width, the tornado destroyed five mobile homes and a business, severely damaged 15 additional mobile homes and caused some damage to five others. Seven people were injured by the tornado and damages amounted to $435,000. Several major highways were temporarily closed due to high water or debris covering the road. Numerous homes sustained damage from fallen trees in several counties. In all, damages from Earl amounted to $2.3 million in Georgia.
The extratropical remnants continued through the Southern United States, tracking through the Carolinas late on September 3. Sustained winds in South Carolina reached 50 mph (85 km/h) and gusted up to 70 mph (110 km/h). Widespread rainfall, generally amounting between , fell in areas previously saturated by Hurricane Bonnie, this triggered minor flooding along roads. Inland, isolated amounts of of rain fell. The first tornado related to Earl touched down in Choppee, located in Georgetown County. The tornado was rated F0 and was only briefly on the ground before it dissipated. The second tornado to touch down in the state was also the strongest in relation to Earl. Rated F2, the tornado tracked for through Beaufort and Colleton Counties, destroying 13 homes and damaging 13 others. One mobile home was flipped in the air and was completely destroyed once it hit the ground, instantly killing the occupant of the home. Numerous trees were uprooted and snapped along its path. In all, the tornado killed one person, injured four others and caused $360,000 in damages. A brief F1 tornado touched down several hours later, damaging the roof of a barn and uprooting several trees before dissipating. The most damaging tornado spawned by Earl was a wide, F2 tornado that struck the Fairlawn subdivision near Moncks Corner. Along the tornado's track, 21 homes were destroyed and 73 others were damaged. Nine people sustained injuries due to the tornado and damages amounted to $2.8 million.
Still recovering from Hurricane Bonnie, the remnants of Earl produced widespread rain over North Carolina, triggering flooding. Upwards of fell in localized areas, causing small streams to overflow their banks. In Union County, up to 15 roads were shut down due to flooding, a few cars were also washed off roads at the height of the floods. In Charlotte, several roads were flooded. The Carteret Community College, which was severely damaged by Bonnie, was again damaged by Earl. High winds from the storm damaged temporary protective measures, allowing rain to flood the interior of the building, causing water damage to the structure and materials inside. In front of the Crystal Coast Civic Center, fabriform, installed to stabilize the beach, was damaged by the storm, resulting in significant beach erosion. Two short lived tornadoes touched down in North Carolina from Earl. The first, an F0, damaged at least 15 mobile homes, overturned sheds, destroyed a porch and two campers. No injuries resulted from the tornado and damage amounted to $50,000. The second and stronger of the two tornadoes, rated F1, only touched down for a few seconds; however, it destroyed one home and severely damaged a neighboring home. According to eye-witness reports, the tornado lifted the home off the ground before the home broke apart and fell to the ground.
Elsewhere
The initial tropical disturbance passed through the Yucatán Peninsula on August 29 and inflow bands to the south of Earl continued rainfall across southeast Mexico until early September 2. The highest rainfall total was reported from Belizario Dominguez/Moto, where of precipitation fell.
The extratropical remnants of Earl produced strong winds and heavy rains throughout Newfoundland and Nova Scotia on September 6. Sustained winds were recorded up to and rains totaled between throughout Newfoundland. On Nova Scotia, rainfall peaked at on Cape Breton Island. The highest recorded total on Newfoundland reached in northwestern areas of the island.
Aftermath
On September 4, President Bill Clinton approved disaster declarations for six counties in Florida. Bay, Dixie, Franklin, Gulf, Taylor, and Wakulla counties were approved for Individual Assistance. Residents in the designated counties were eligible to receive federal funding for three months following the storm. By September 8, State Farm had received 200 auto and 720 homeowners claims from the affected region, most of which were partial damage claims. Allstate had received 80 auto and 587 homeowners claims from Florida and 540 claims from Georgia. Additionally, Nationwide reported that up to 1,000 claims had been filed from Florida.
Following the impacts of Hurricane Opal in 1995, Earl and later Hurricane Georges, the state of Florida undertook a recovery project to restore the eroded beaches along the Panhandle coast. In October United States Department of Transportation provided $2 million in funds to repair damaged and destroyed roads in Florida. On December 3, an additional $1.7 million was provided to repair funds. The United States Military allocated $2.2 million to repair damage from Hurricane Earl to training academies and naval ports. The Florida Senate provided $25,740 in emergency funds to Hurricane Earl victims. By the end of the disaster declaration, the Federal Emergency Management Agency provided $1 million in public assistance and $600,000 in disaster mitigation.
See also
Hurricane Gordon (2000)
Other storms of the same name
References
External links
The National Hurricane Center's Preliminary Report on Hurricane Earl
Earl
Earl 1998
Earl 1998
1998 natural disasters in the United States
Earl 1998
Earl 1998
Earl 1998
1998 in Florida
1998 in Georgia (U.S. state)
1998 in North Carolina
1998 in South Carolina
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937786
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile%20Moreux
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Théophile Moreux
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Théophile Moreux (20 November 1867 – 13 July 1954) was a French astronomer and meteorologist.
Life
Moreux was born at Argent-sur-Sauldre, Cher on 20 November 1867.
He initiated the Bourges Observatory at the seminary St Célestin at Bourges, where he was a professor of science and mathematics.
He observed surface features of the Moon and Mars. He published star maps and investigated the possibility of life on other planets and moons. He was critical of Percival Lowell's theory of intelligent life on Mars. During 1922 he published a review of astronomical theories and techniques (La Revue Du Ciel).
Moreux died at Bourges on 13 July 1954.
The Moreux crater on Mars was named in his honor.
Works
External links
biographie and books
Discussion of Moreux's work with a picture
Publication Les Autres Mondes sont-ils habités? with a Mars map
1867 births
1954 deaths
People from Cher (department)
20th-century French astronomers
19th-century French astronomers
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66583661
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodenia%20goodeniacea
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Goodenia goodeniacea
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Goodenia goodeniacea is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to northern, inland Australia. It a prostrate herb with toothed, elliptic to egg-shaped leaves at the base of the plant, and thyrses of yellow flowers with purplish lines.
Description
Goodenia goodeniacea is a prostrate herb with stems up to long. The leaves at the base of the plant are elliptic to egg-shaped, long and wide with toothed edges. The leaves on the stem are similar but smaller. The flowers are arranged in thyrses up to long on peduncles long with leaf-like bracts at the base. The individual flowers are on pedicels long with linear bracteoles up to long. The sepals are linear, about long, the corolla yellow with purplish lines, long. The lower lobes are long with wings about wide. Flowering occurs from May to August and the fruit is a more or less spherical capsule about in diameter.
Taxonomy and naming
This species was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Scaevola goodeniacea in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. In 1990 Roger Charles Carolin changed the name to Goodenia goodeniacea in the journal Telopea.
Distribution and habitat
This goodenia grows on plains and sand dunes in scattered populations between Tennant Creek and Sturt Creek in the Northern Territory, and in Queensland.
Conservation status
Goodenia goodeniacea is classified as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992 and the Northern Territory Government Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1976.
References
goodeniacea
Flora of the Northern Territory
Flora of Queensland
Plants described in 1990
Taxa named by Roger Charles Carolin
Endemic flora of Australia
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62172389
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cox-Shoemaker-Parry%20House
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Cox-Shoemaker-Parry House
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The Cox-Shoemaker-Parry House is a historic two-story house in Manti, Utah. It was built in 1858 by Orville Southerland Cox, who converted to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Illinois, where he was baptized by Joseph Smith in 1839. Cox later served as the bishop of Bountiful, Utah, and he settled in Sanpete County in 1849. He became a counselor to Bishop John Lowery, Sr., in Manti, and he lived in this house with his three wives: Elvira Mills, Mary Allen, and Eliza J. Losee.
The house, designed by Cox, is constructed of coursed ashlar cream-colored limestone. It has a plain entablature, and, on the west front of the house it has pedimented returns, which are suggestive of Greek Revival Style.
The house was later purchased by Jezreel Shoemaker, a convert to the LDS Church who served as the mayor of Manti. It was later acquired by Edward L. Parry, a stonemason and immigrant from Wales who converted to the LDS Church and helped build the Salt Lake Temple, the St. George Tabernacle, and the Manti Utah Temple. Parry remodeled and expanded the house around 1880. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 4, 1982.
The house displayed a Maple Leaf flag along with a U.S. one, in September 2012.
References
National Register of Historic Places in Sanpete County, Utah
Greek Revival architecture in Utah
Houses completed in 1858
1858 establishments in Utah Territory
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57268392
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalacrotophora%20epeirae
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Phalacrotophora epeirae
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Phalacrotophora epeirae is a species of scuttle flies (insects in the family Phoridae).
References
Further reading
Phoridae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1902
Diptera of North America
Taxa named by Charles Thomas Brues
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41732862
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen%20Metro
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Xiamen Metro
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Xiamen Metro, officially branded as AMTR (Amoy Transit Rail, formerly Across Mass Transit Railway), is a rapid transit system serving Xiamen, Fujian, China. Line 1 began operation on 31 December 2017. Line 2 began operation on 25 December 2019. Line 3 began operation on 25 June 2021.
Background
Planning for a metro system began in the early 2000s in the meantime the mostly elevated Xiamen BRT opened in 2008. The initial phase of construction of the metro system was compiled as the Xiamen Urban Rail Transit Construction Plan (2011–2020) on 24 December 2010 and was approved by the National Development and Reform Commission on 11 May 2012. The construction started on 13 November 2013. Xiamen Urban Rail Transit Group was founded for the purpose of construction and operation. On 8 October 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission approved phase II of the Xiamen Urban Rail Transit Construction Plan (2016–2022).
The approved phase I of system development includes three lines (1, 2, 3) with 62 stations, in length. The construction cost is projected to be 50.37 billion yuan.
The approved phase II of system development includes four lines (2 Phase II, 3 Phase II, 4, 6) with 67 stations, in length. The construction cost is projected to be 100.092 billion yuan.
The approved phase II of system adjustment includes Lines 3 Phase III, which will be extended further south by 4 stations, in length. The construction cost is projected to be 5.769 billion yuan.
In addition, an intercity railway system consisting of two lines (Quanzhou–Xiamen–Zhangzhou and Zhangzhou–Gangwei–Xiamen) and in length was also approved.
Network
Line 1
Line 1, with 24 stations, length, 50 min duration of trip and 20.39 billion yuan cost of construction, was opened on 31 December 2017. The line goes from south to north. The depot is situated at the northern end and is Xiamen Metro's principal depot. The line goes through Xiamen North railway station and connects the island (with 9 stations) and mainland (with 14 stations) parts of the city through a dam (with 1 station). Route: Lundu Ferry Terminal, Old Town, Jimei New Town, Xiamen North Railway Station. Line 1's color is orange. Line 1 uses six car CRRC Tangshan rolling stock.
Line 2
Line 2 is in length with 32 stations. It was opened on 25 December 2019. It runs from east to west through Xiamen Island and then through Haicang channel to the mainland.
Line 3
Line 3 will be in length with 31 stations, and in length with 16 stations was opened on 25 June 2021. It serves the Xiamen Island from southwest to northeast then cross to the mainland and head towards Xiamen's new Xiang'an Airport.
Under Construction
Line 4
Line 4 will be in length with 18 stations and is scheduled to be complete by 2020. Unlike other lines, which are radial lines that connect Xiamen island to the mainland, this line is a tangential express line running strictly on the mainland around Xiamen Island. It will connect Xiamen's new Xiang'an Airport to Xiamen North railway station.
Line 6
Line 6 will be in length with 27 stations and is scheduled to be complete by 2022. Like Line 4, it is a tangential line running strictly on the mainland north of Xiamen Island.
Future plans
Xiamen city government plans to build an urban-suburban metro network comprising twelve lines, in length, with 188 stations. Lines 3 and Line 6 will be extended further south by 4 stations, length and further north by 7 stations, length. Line 10 with 31 stations and length will be reconstructed mainly from the BRT line. Line 5 will have 27 stations and length. Line 5 counts 29 stations and length. Like Line 1, Line 4 and Line 10 will intersect at the new main Xiamen North railway station in Jimei District. In addition, there are plans to connect the Xiamen Metro with neighboring cities of Zhangzhou and Quanzhou using a new express subway Line R1. The plans were approved in 2015 by the NDRC
Network Map
See also
References
External links
Official website
Official website
News about Xiamen Metro construction.
, Maps of first line.
, Maps of approved phase with 3 lines.
Map of total planned system.
厦门轨道交通建设预计2011年启动 BRT或升级
厦重启"将BRT升级为轻轨"计划 方案将报国家发改委
《厦门低碳交通规划》出炉
Rail transport in Xiamen
Rapid transit in China
Transport in Xiamen
Railway lines opened in 2017
2017 establishments in China
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44802593
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Kallas
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Joseph Kallas
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Joseph Kallas, SMSP (born on September 24, 1931 in Fakiha, Lebanon) is Emeritus Melkite Archbishop of the Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Beirut and Byblos.
Biography
Joseph Kallas was ordained a priest on 13 August 1958 by the White Fathers, and joined to the Melkite congregation Missionary Society of St. Paul, where he was Superior General from 1987 to 1993. On 15 January 2000 Kallas was appointed Archbishop of Beirut and Byblos of the Melkites. The ordination took place on 19 February 2000 and was performed by Jean Mansour SMSP, Titular Archbishop "pro hac vice" of Apamea in Syria of Greek Melkites and Auxiliary Bishop of Antioch. André Haddad BS, Archbishop of Zahle and Furzol, and Jean Assaad Haddad, Archbishop of Tyre were his co-consecrators. On May 25, 2010 Kallas resigned from his office of bishop.
Inter-religious dialogue
The archbishop Kallas encouraged inter-religious dialogue between Islam and the Christians, and participated in many events. This included participation in the series "People in Europe" where in 2004 participated beside him Archbishop Louis Sako (Archbishop of the Chaldean Catholic Church in Kirkuk, Iraq), Bishop Antoine Audo, SJ (Bishop of the Chaldean Catholic Church in Aleppo, Syria) and the Catholic theologian Theodore Khoury.
From October 10 to October 24, 2010, he participated in the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for the Middle East and intervened to understanding the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. Basically, Kallas underlined the serious and historical development in the Eastern Churches and their apostolic understanding within the meaning of Apostle Paul of Tarsus.
Under the direction of Gregory III Laham, he participated at the Synod of the Melkite Greek Catholic bishops.
Archbishop Kallas was consecrator of Joseph Absi, SMSP, Titular Bishop of Tarsus of Greek Melkites and Auxiliary Bishop of Antioch, Georges Bacouni, Archbishop of Tyre, Michel Abrass, BA, Titular Archbishop of Myra of Greek Melkites and Auxiliary Bishop of Antioch, and Elie Bechara Haddad, BS, Archbishop of Sidon.
References
External links
http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkallasj.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20170702013321/http://www.apostolische-nachfolge.de/asien2.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20081118180119/http://www.opuslibani.org.lb/members/234.html
Melkite Greek Catholic bishops
1931 births
Lebanese Melkite Greek Catholics
Living people
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6124239
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pono%20%28word%29
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Pono (word)
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Pono () is a Hawaiian word commonly rendered as "righteousness". For instance, the Hawaii state motto: Ua Mau ke Ea o ka Āina i ka Pono or "The sovereignty of the land is perpetuated in righteousness".
Pono is a notably polysemous term. Mary Kawena Pukui's and Samuel Hoyt Elbert's Hawaiian dictionary gives six meanings and 83 English translation equivalents.
nvs. Goodness, uprightness, morality, moral qualities, correct or proper procedure, excellence, well-being, prosperity, welfare, benefit, behalf, equity, sake, true condition or nature, duty; moral, fitting, proper, righteous, right, upright, just, virtuous, fair, beneficial, successful, in perfect order, accurate, correct, eased, relieved; should, ought, must, necessary.
vs. Completely, properly, rightly, well, exactly, carefully, satisfactorily, much (an intensifier).
n. Property, resources, assets, fortune, belongings, equipment, household goods, furniture, gear of any kind, possessions, accessories, necessities.
n. Use, purpose, plan.
n. Hope.
vs. Careless, informal, improper, any kind of (preceding a stem).
The word has strong cultural and spiritual connotations of "a state of harmony or balance", and is the aim of the Hoʻoponopono practice. Pono is often used as in affirmative prayers, especially within Kanaka Maoli healing arts and the Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement.
Footnotes
References
Chun, Malcolm Naea. 2006. Pono: The Way of Living. University of Hawaii.
Fuchs, Lawrence H. 1961. Hawaii Pono: A Social History. Harcourt, Brace & World.
Hawaiiana
Hawaiian words and phrases
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8000994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgenrot
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Morgenrot
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Morgenrot () can mean:
Morgenrot (film), a 1933 German submarine film set during World War I
:de:Morgenrot (Band), a 1970-80s German band
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61107493
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley%20Simms
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Shirley Simms
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Shirley Simms is an American singer and songwriter known for her work as a member of indie pop band the Magnetic Fields. She has been singing on the band's albums since her first appearance on 2008's Distortion, with her and Stephin Merritt alternating between singing lead vocals throughout the album. Previously, she sang on several tracks on the Magnetic Fields' 1999 album 69 Love Songs. In addition to her vocal work with the Magnetic Fields, she also sometimes plays ukulele for them. In the late 1980s, before he started the Magnetic Fields, Merritt and Simms started the short-lived musical project Buffalo Rome; the group self-released a cassette during their existence. Also during the 1980s, she was also a member of the Boston-based band Lazy Susan, along with Claudia Gonson and Therese Bellino. As members of Lazy Susan, Simms and Gonson wrote the song "Plant White Roses", which was later included on Merritt's 2011 album Obscurities.
In a 1999 interview, Merritt described Simms as "the best living female vocalist other than Doris Day".
References
Living people
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women singers
The Magnetic Fields members
American women pop singers
American women songwriters
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
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66468315
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96rencik%2C%20Yenice
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Örencik, Yenice
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Örencik is a village in the Yenice district of Çanakkale Province in Turkey.
References
Villages in Yenice District
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532245
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozy%20and%20Millie
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Ozy and Millie
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Ozy and Millie is a daily comic strip that ran from 1998 to 2008, created by Dana Simpson (originally published under D.C. Simpson) and syndicated by North America Syndicate and Andrews McMeel Syndication. It follows the adventures of assorted anthropomorphized animals, centering on Ozy and Millie, two young foxes attending North Harbordale Elementary School in Seattle, contending with everyday elementary school issues such as tests and bullies, as well as more surreal situations.
The strip concentrates on character interaction, but sometimes veers into commentary based on author Simpson's own political views.
Publication history
Ozy and Millie originally started as a print comic strip in a Washington college newspaper, the Copper Point Journal, in 1997, with Simpson using ink and brush as drawing implements. When the strip began, Simpson's artistic style was similar to that in Calvin and Hobbes — Simpson claims to have been influenced by comics and cartoons such as Bloom County, Calvin and Hobbes, The Simpsons, and Pogo.
It became an irregular webcomic in early 1998. In June 1998, it became a Monday-Friday daily strip. In the same year, Simpson won a newspaper syndicate's college cartoonist award.
In 2000, the strip went on hiatus and returned with a new, unique style. The strip also went on hiatus several times. It was once on hiatus for five months, between August 23, 2003, and January 22, 2004. Between January 30, 2004, and January 12, 2009, Simpson also ran another strip, I Drew This, a webcomic specifically about her political views (which are also expressed in Ozy and Millie).
The comic was part of Keenspot from 2001 to 2003, going independent for several years before returning to Keenspot in November 2006. New strips were released on most weekdays, though the strip's run ended in 2008. Since then, it has been re-run intermittently on GoComics.
Editorial cartoonist Ted Rall included six pages of interview illustrated with Ozy and Millie strips in Attitude 3: The New Subversive Online Cartoonists.
Collected editions
Most of the strips have been reprinted in book form. There is:
An incomplete five volume collection from Plan Nine Publishing, now out of print.
A complete seven volume collection from Lulu.com, in paperback, that replaces the discontinued Plan Nine collection. It covers the entire run of the strip from 1997 to 2008.
A complete two volume collection from Lulu.com, in paperback and hardcover: an alternative to the seven volume collection that also covers the entire run of the strip.
A best-of book from Andrews McMeel Publishing, in paperback and hardcover, with strips in full color for the first time.
‡ This book appears to have been published with the same ISBN as another (a publication error).
Characters
Ozy
Ozymandias Justin Llewellyn is a ten-year-old anthropomorphic fox of an unidentified species (also called an "Adolescent Gray Zen Fox") who attends North Harbordale Elementary School in Seattle, together with his friend Millie. He was originally supposed to be a wolf, until a fan showed Simpson a photo of Arctic fox cubs, that Simpson claimed were "absolute ringers" for Ozy. However, Ozy retained his whisker marks. Ozy's full name, Ozymandias Justin Llewellyn, is a reference to the poem Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Ozy is recognised by his large top hat, which he got from his father Llewellyn when he adopted Ozy. The only other clothing he wears is a vest, which makes him the target of some of Millie's practical jokes. He is adept at letting Millie's pranks pass by without effect, but he does suffer bullying at the hands of the school jock, Jeremy, who likes to stuff Ozy into trash cans. Ozy also suffers from annual baldness, usually through either a freak accident or because of Millie. Although it is caused by a gypsy curse (later revealed by Llewellyn to be a myth) which has passed on through Ozy's adoptive father's heritage largely unnoticed, it does affect Ozy badly since he is the first Llewellyn with any hair to lose. Ozy is also quiet and serene, usually playing the "straight person". Under Llewellyn's guidance, Ozy also practices Zen; or rather a humorous version of it.
Ozy is told by Llewellyn that his birth mother's name was Shelley and that she disappeared after discovering perfection when she created the "perfect" ice cream flavor, but since absolute perfection is incompatible with the world, she ascended to a higher plane of existence (Noting that Llewellyn also told him she was an ice cream machine).
Ozy's father left before he was born and became a monk. The pair met when the monk came to town for a visit, though Ozy decided to stay with Llewellyn, whom he considered his "true" dad.
Millie
Millicent Mehitabel Mudd, better known as Millie, is a ten-year-old red fox girl who is Ozy's best friend. Millie is usually seen wearing a set of blue denim overalls. Unlike Ozy, who is calm, Millie is chaotic and manic, both in the destruction she leaves behind and the ways she devises of avoiding work. She is a rebel and is opposed to any form of authority, which regularly leads to confrontations with both her teacher, Ms. Sorkowitz, and her mother, Mililani Mudd. Her destructive and rebellious habits not only get herself into trouble, but Ozy too.
Her most infamous antic was giving Ozy a haircut only to accidentally shave off all his fur. Although she is normally manic, she also has a strong sense of justice, facing the inexplicable wrongs of life and the world she sees. However, her rebellions are mostly limited to annoying her mother, playing jokes on Ozy and disrupting the peace at school. None of which matters any less to her, as long as she has fun doing it. Millie says aloud what others think, and does what others, for fear of reaction from the people around them, would not dare. She, like Ozy, often tries to answer the most important questions in life, but her method of finding the answers makes her unique.
Llewellyn
Ozy's adoptive father, known only as Llewellyn, is a red dragon. Llewellyn and other members of his dragon family have been responsible for running several secret conspiracies. He also lends both Ozy and Millie advice, although his advice tends to be nonsense. He has also tried to run for U.S. president – first under the "Rainbow Peace Party" in 1968, the "People With Nothing Better To Do" Party in 2000, then under the "Zen Party" in 2004 and 2008. He also runs his house as a separate nation: Greater Llewellynlland. His favourite pastime is playing the "House Rules Parcheesi", a game which has many, very complicated rules, that is claimed to be rather opposite to Calvinball. Llewellyn married Millie's Mother at the end of the Daily Strip. Of all the characters in Ozy and Millie, Simpson has claimed that Llewellyn is her favorite.
Ms. Mudd
Ms. Mililani Minerva Mudd, Millie's mother, is a lawyer, who is as an older, wiser, more temperate version of Millie. She was like Millie in her childhood, and as a result knows how to deal with any trouble caused by her, much to Millie's annoyance. While Ms. Mudd knows how to deal with Millie, she is also the first to lend her support if there is anything amiss. She married Llewellyn at the end of the strip's run in a storyarc from November–December 2008. Her full name was revealed on October 1, 2008.
Other characters
Other characters in Ozy and Millie include Avery, a raccoon friend who constantly tries to be "cool," even ditching his "uncool" friends such as Ozy. Ironically, his friend Stephan the aardvark is the nerdiest character in the strip. Avery's younger brother, Timulty, constantly undermines his coolness. The two major antagonists are Felicia the sheep, a "popular girl" who teases Millie for being too individualistic, and Jeremy the jock rabbit who bullies Ozy.
Other minor characters include Ms. Sorkowitz, Ozy and Millie's kangaroo teacher and Principal Beau Vine, the bull principal of the school who allows bullying believing that, "Repeated exposure to unprovoked assault squelches unhealthy nonconformist tendencies." Dr. I. Wahnsinnig (German for insane or mad), is a ring-tailed lemur psychiatrist of the school who fights with Vine over school issues. Ozy's dragon cousin Isolde is another character who, like Llewellyn, is in charge of various conspiracies. Another character is Pirate Captain Locke, a child pirate from an alternate dimension on the other side of Llewellyn's couch, in which people age backwards. Locke, currently the same age as Millie, is also her biological father.
Reception
Critic Fred Patten is one of the main supporters of the strip. In 2001, he wrote that the strip was, "a gently humorous fantasy with a liberal political philosophy." In 2006, Patten still claimed that, "Ozy and Millie is one of the top anthropomorphic cartoon strips on the Internet," although he did also comment negatively about the loss of colour in between changes of printed editions of books. The comic is also popular because of its relatively inoffensive content, with one person writing that it was, "Suitable for readers of all ages, really."
In 2002, the strip won the Web Cartoonist's Choice Awards for "Best Anthropomorphic Comic". Ozy and Millie also won the 2006 and 2007 Ursa Major Awards for "Best Anthropomorphic Comic Strip".
See also
I Drew This
Phoebe and Her Unicorn (a/k/a Heavenly Nostrils)
References
External links
Official site of Ozy and Millie
Define "Cynical" – Fan site and discussion board
American comedy webcomics
Keenspot
Anthropomorphic foxes
1990s webcomics
2000s webcomics
1998 webcomic debuts
2008 webcomic endings
Comics characters introduced in 1997
Comic strip duos
Webcomics in print
Furry webcomics
Web Cartoonists' Choice Award winners
Comics about foxes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%20Stewart
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Leon Stewart
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Leon Stewart may refer to:
Leon Stewart (cricketer)
Leon Stewart (baseball)
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14023
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20or%20Not
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Hot or Not
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Hot or Not, currently rebranded as Chat & Date, is a rating site that allowed users to rate the attractiveness of photos submitted voluntarily by others. The site offered a matchmaking engine called 'Meet Me' and an extended profile feature called "Hotlists". The domain hotornot.com is currently owned by Hot Or Not Limited, and was previously owned by Avid Life Media. 'Hot or Not' was a significant influence on the people who went on to create the social media sites Facebook and YouTube.
Description
Users would submit photographs of themselves to the site for the purpose of other users to rate said person's attractiveness on a scale of 1 - 10, with the cumulative average acting as the overall score for a given photograph.
History
The site was founded in October 2000 by James Hong and Jim Young, two friends and Silicon Valley-based engineers. Both graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in electrical engineering, with Young pursuing a Ph.D at the time. It was inspired by some other developers' ideas.
The site was a technical solution to a disagreement the founders had one day over a passing woman's attractiveness. The site was originally called "Am I Hot or Not". Within a week of launching, it had reached almost two million page views per day. Within a few months, the site was immediately behind CNET and NBCi on NetNielsen Rating's Top 25 advertising domains. To keep up with rising costs Hong and Young added a matchmaking component to their website called "Meet Me at Hot or Not", i.e. a system of range voting. The matchmaking service has been especially successful and the site continues to generate most of its revenue through subscriptions. In the December 2006 issue of Time magazine, the founders of YouTube stated that they originally set out to make a version of Hot or Not with Video before developing their more inclusive site. Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook similarly got his start by creating a Hot or Not type site called FaceMash, where he posted photos from Harvard's Facebook for the university's community to rate.
Hot or Not was sold for a rumored $20 million on February 8, 2008, to Avid Life Media, owners of Ashley Madison. Annual revenue reached $7.5 million, with net profits of $5.5 million. They initially started off $60,000 in debt due to tuition fees James paid for his MBA. On July 31, 2008, Hot or Not launched Hot or Not Gossip and a Baresi rate box (a "hot meter") – a subdivision to expand their market, run by former radio DJ turned celebrity blogger Zack Taylor.
In 2012, Hot or Not was purchased by Badoo, which is owned by Bumble Inc. The app is currently rebranded as Chat & Date which uses a similar user interface to Badoo and shares user accounts between both sites.
Predecessors and spin-offs
Hot or Not was preceded by the rating sites, like RateMyFace, which was registered a year earlier in the summer of 1999, and AmIHot.com, which was registered in January 2000 by MIT freshman Daniel Roy. Regardless, despite any head starts of its predecessors, Hot or Not quickly became the most popular. Since AmIHotOrNot.com's launch, the concept has spawned many imitators. The concept always remained the same, but the subject matter varied greatly. The concept has also been integrated with a wide variety of dating and matchmaking systems. In 2007 BecauseImHot.com launched and deleted anyone with a rating below 7 after a voting audit or the first 50 votes (whichever is first).
Research
In 2005, as an example of using image morphing methods to study the effects of averageness, imaging researcher Pierre Tourigny created a composite of about 30 faces to find out the current standard of good looks on the Internet. On the Hot or Not web site, people rate others' attractiveness on a scale of 1 to 10. An average score based on hundreds or even thousands of individual ratings takes only a few days to emerge. To make this hot or not palette of morphed images, photos from the site were sorted by rank and used SquirlzMorph to create multi-morph composites from them. Unlike projects like Face of Tomorrow, where the subjects are posed for the purpose, the portraits are blurry because the source images are of low resolution with differences in variables such as posture, hair styles and glasses, so that in this instance images could use only 36 control points for the morphs. A similar study was done with Miss Universe contestants, as shown in the averageness article, as well as one for age, as shown in youthfulness article.
A 2006 "hot" or "not" style study, involving 264 women and 18 men, at the Washington University School of Medicine, as published online in the journal Brain Research, indicates that a person's brain determines whether an image is erotically appealing long before the viewer is even aware they are seeing the picture. Moreover, according to these researchers, one of the basic functions of the brain is to classify images into a hot or not type categorization. The study's researchers also discovered that sexy shots induce a uniquely powerful reaction in the brain, equal in effect for both men and women, and that erotic images produced a strong reaction in the hypothalamus.
See also
Tinder
Badoo
Notes
References
External links
The Hotornot website
Canadian entertainment websites
Internet properties established in 2000
Review websites
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24753156
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik%20Rietschoof
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Hendrik Rietschoof
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Hendrik Rietschoof (bapt. 2 August 1678, Hoorn – 1746, Koog aan de Zaan), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.
Biography
According to Houbraken he was the son of Jan Claesz Rietschoof who became just as good as he had been in marine painting.
According to the RKD his father was Jan Claesz. Rietschoof and was known for marines. His earliest dated work was made when he was 15 years old.
References
Hendrik Rietschoof on Artnet
1678 births
1746 deaths
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Dutch marine artists
People from Hoorn
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438916
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1871%20in%20science
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1871 in science
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The year 1871 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Exploration
June 8–October 2 – Hayden Geological Survey of 1871 in the United States, including what will next year become the Yellowstone National Park. Between July 21–August 26, the first ever photographs of this region are taken by William Henry Jackson.
Physics
November 17 – George Biddell Airy presents his discovery that astronomical aberration is independent of the local medium.
James Clerk Maxwell makes public the thought experiment which will become known as Maxwell's demon in the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, in his book Theory of Heat and establishes Maxwell relations, statements of equality among the second derivatives of the thermodynamic potentials with respect to different thermodynamic variables.
John Strutt publishes his first papers on the theory of acoustic resonance and on the phenomenon now called Rayleigh scattering, explaining why the sky is blue.
Physiology and medicine
Porphyria is first explained biochemically by Felix Hoppe-Seyler.
Friedrich Trendelenburg describes the first successful elective human tracheotomy to be performed for the purpose of administering general anaesthesia.
Friedrich Miescher publishes his 1869 isolation of what will subsequently be called nucleic acid.
Technology
Institution of Electrical Engineers established in the United Kingdom as the Society of Telegraph Engineers.
Souter Lighthouse in England is the first to use alternating current electricity.
Ralph Hart Tweddell invents the portable hydraulic riveter, manufactured by Fielding & Platt of Gloucester in England.
Publications
Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe by Alexander von Humboldt, covering a large number of topics in scientific exploration and invention.
The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex by Charles Darwin, outlining his theory for man's origins and his theory of sexual selection, and including his first published use of the term evolution (published by John Murray in London, February 24).
A History of the Birds of Europe by Henry Eeles Dresser (publication begins).
Awards
Copley Medal: Julius Robert von Mayer
Wollaston Medal for Geology: Andrew Ramsay
Births
January 7 – Émile Borel (died 1956), French mathematician.
February 15 – Martin Knudsen (died 1949), Danish physicist.
May 19
Walter Russell (died 1963), American polymath.
Inez Whipple Wilder (died 1929), American herpetologist and anatomist.
August 15 – Arthur Tansley (died 1955), English botanist and ecologist.
August 19 – Orville Wright (died 1948), American pioneer aviator.
August 30 – Ernest Rutherford (died 1937), New Zealand-born British physicist and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
September 17 – Eivind Astrup (died 1895), Norwegian Arctic explorer.
October 19 – Walter Bradford Cannon (died 1945), American physiologist.
October 26 – Albert Stewart Meek (died 1943), English-born ornithologist.
Deaths
January 25 – Jeanne Villepreux-Power (born 1794), French marine biologist.
March 18 – Augustus De Morgan (born 1806), British logician.
April 8 – Francisco Javier Muñiz (born 1795), Argentine physician and paleontologist.
April 16 – Johann Ritter von Oppolzer (born 1808), Austrian physician.
June 9 – Anna Atkins (b. 1799), British botanist.
May 11 – John Herschel (born 1792), English mathematician and astronomer.
October 18 – Charles Babbage (born 1791), English mathematician and inventor of computing machines.
December 8 – James Murray (born 1788), Irish physician.
References
19th century in science
1870s in science
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25985795
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter%20Place
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Winter Place
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Winter Place is a historic complex of two conjoined houses and three outbuildings in Montgomery, Alabama.
The buildings were constructed from the 1850s through the 1870s. The Italianate style North House was built in the 1850s and was the home of the Joseph S. Winter family. The Second Empire style South House was built in the 1870s and was the home of Winter's daughter, Sally Gindrat Winter Thorington, and her husband, Robert D. Thorington. Joseph S. Winter's first house in Montgomery was designed by Samuel Sloan in 1851 and it is believed by architectural historians that Sloan designed Winter Place as well. Following several decades of neglect, the property was placed on the Alabama Historical Commission's Places in Peril list in 2004. It was purchased in 2006 by Craig Drescher, who attempted to stabilize and restore the structures. The complex was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on September 29, 2005, and to the National Register of Historic Places on May 31, 2006.
In 2018 the homes were sold to real-estate tycoon and bachelor philanthropist, Benjamin Blanchard who saw the property renovation, not only as an investment in restoring the luster of its historical significance, but as a deep contribution to the narrative of restoration and unity the Five Points neighborhood (home to Winter Place) is now undergoing. After decades of neglect and failed attempts by others to restore the home, Blanchard will successfully fully renovate the South House as his personal residence (pictured above) in the fall of 2020, and progressively renovate the North House in successive years to come.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, Alabama
Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in Montgomery County, Alabama
References
External links
Historic Winter Place (Official website)
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
Second Empire architecture in Alabama
Italianate architecture in Alabama
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery, Alabama
Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage
Houses in Montgomery, Alabama
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17450150
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris%20D.%20Rosenbaum
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Morris D. Rosenbaum
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Morris David Rosenbaum (July 11, 1831 – August 10, 1885) was a prominent businessman in early Utah and one of the few Jewish people to join The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) during the 19th century.
Rosenbaum was born in Fordon which was then part of the Grand Duchy of Posen.
In 1850 Rosenbaum emigrated to the United States. Although he originally landed at New York City, he then traveled to San Francisco. From San Francisco, he traveled to Carson River Valley in what is now Nevada. He associated with Mormons there and then moved to Salt Lake City in 1856. There he associated with Alexander Neibaur, from whom he learned more of the Mormon faith. He read the entire Book of Mormon before making up his mind about the church. He was baptized in March 1858 by John Tingey. In April 1858, Rosenbaum married Alice Breakell Neibaur, the daughter of Alexander Neibaur. They had thirteen children.
Rosenbaum owned and operated Hotel Brigham City in Brigham City, Utah Territory, to house, among others, railroad workers constructing the intercontinental railway. He also owned and operated a store. His wife Alice did much of the running of the hotel and was assisted in this by her sister Rebecca. From about 1865, Charles W. Nibley had worked as a clerk for Rosenbaum in Rosenbaum's mercantile establishment, and it was as a result of this employment that Nibley met Rosenbaum's sister-in-law Rebecca Neibauer, whom Nibley latter married.
In 1868, Rosenbaum married Abigail H. Snow, a daughter of Lorenzo Snow and Harriet Amelia Squires. They had at least seven children.
In 1880, Rosenbaum was a missionary for the LDS Church in (Germany). He was made president of the North German District, and preached Mormonism in Berlin. From August 19–21, 1880, Rosenbaum was imprisoned for preaching. After his release, he preached in Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg and Hanover.
Rosenbaum died at Mink Creek, in present-day Franklin County, Idaho and was buried in Brigham City.
Notes
References
Further reading
.
1831 births
1885 deaths
19th-century Mormon missionaries
Converts to Mormonism from Judaism
German emigrants to the United States
19th-century German Jews
German Latter Day Saints
German Mormon missionaries
Mormon missionaries in Germany
People from Brigham City, Utah
People from Bydgoszcz
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41169012
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Wright%20%28cricketer%2C%20born%201903%29
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Richard Wright (cricketer, born 1903)
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Richard Leslie Wright was an English cricketer active from 1923 to 1926 who played for Northamptonshire. He appeared in 54 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm medium pace. One of four brothers who played cricket, Wright was born in Kettering on 28 October 1903 and died in Bournemouth on 31 July 1991. He scored 1,507 runs with a highest score of 112, one of two centuries, and took five wickets with a best performance of one for 11.
Notes
1903 births
1991 deaths
English cricketers
Northamptonshire cricketers
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4220699
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne%20Cryer
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Suzanne Cryer
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Suzanne Rossell Cryer (born January 13, 1967) is an American actress known for her roles as Ashley on the ABC sitcom Two Guys and a Girl and as Laurie Bream on the HBO original series Silicon Valley. Cryer has also performed on Broadway.
Early life
Cryer was born in Rochester, New York. She graduated from Greenwich High School in Greenwich, Connecticut in 1984 and then attended Yale University, where she attained a degree in English literature. She then went on to study for a master's degree from the Yale School of Drama. During this time she spent a summer performing at the Utah Shakespeare Festival where her roles included Rosalind in As You Like It, and Anne in Richard III.
Career
After graduation, she appeared at Hartford Stage in The Rivals, Baltimore Center Stage in "Don Juan" and began making guest appearances on television series. She won critical acclaim for her performance in the premiere of Donald Margulies' two-person play Collected Stories at Southcoast Repertory Theater. She then went on to film Wag the Dog while simultaneously performing in the West coast premiere of Arcadia at the Mark Taper Forum. Her next major role was that of Josie in Neil Simon's Proposals which began at the Ahmanson Theater in Los Angeles and then toured the country before arriving on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theater. In 1997, Cryer made a guest appearance on an episode of Seinfeld in the episode "The Yada Yada." She played George's girlfriend Marcy, who frequently made use of the term "yada yada yada." In 1999, she joined the cast of the ABC sitcom Two Guys and a Girl (the show's second season) as Ashley Walker, a love interest for Berg (Ryan Reynolds). She became a series regular and remained with the show until it ended in 2001. She made two appearances on Frasier as Roz's sister, Denise, in the episodes "The Guilt Trippers" and "Sea Bee Jeebies." In recent years, she returned to theater to play Tracy Lord in The Philadelphia Story at Hartford Stage and appeared in Chris Shin's play What Didn't Happen at Playwright's Horizon. She made appearances in the television series Dexter, CSI: Miami, Shark, Bones, Grey's Anatomy and Desperate Housewives.
Personal life
She has been married to Gregory Luke since September 23, 2000, and they have three children.
Filmography
References
External links
1967 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from Rochester, New York
Yale School of Drama alumni
Greenwich High School alumni
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66241452
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruokolahti%20Church
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Ruokolahti Church
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Ruokolahti Church (, ) is the Lutheran church in the town centre of Ruokolahti, in south-eastern Finland, and the main church of the Ruokolahti parish.
The church was designed in 1852 by a leading architect of the mid-19th century in Finland, Ernst Lohrmann, constructed of timber, and completed in 1854. The belfry predates the current church by 100 years, having been built in 1752 for the previous church in the same spot. The church and belfry have been designated and protected by the Finnish Heritage Agency as a nationally important built cultural environment (Valtakunnallisesti merkittävä rakennettu kulttuuriympäristö).
The current altarpiece is a 1915 painting by Alexandra Frosterus-Såltin, titled Kristus ristillä ('Christ on the cross'). It is her 50th and final altarpiece.
Ruokolahti Church is featured in a famous 1887 painting by Albert Edelfelt, Ruokolahden eukkoja kirkonmäellä ( 'Women outside the Church at Ruokolahti'), housed in the Ateneum art museum of the Finnish National Gallery in Helsinki.
References
Buildings and structures in South Karelia
Ernst Lohrmann buildings
Lutheran churches in Finland
19th-century Lutheran churches
Churches completed in 1854
19th-century churches in Finland
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5545511
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manakanchara%20Nayanar
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Manakanchara Nayanar
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Manakanchara Nayanar, also known as Manakkanychaara Nayanar, Manakkancharar, Manakanjara Nayanar, Mankkanjara Nayanar and Manakkanjarar, was a Nayanar saint, venerated in the Hindu sect of Shaivism. He is generally counted as the twelfth in the list of 63 Nayanars. Like other Nayanars, he was a fervent devotee of the god Shiva. Manakanchara Nayanar is dated to the 8th century and was a contemporary of Eyarkon Kalikkama Nayanar, a Nayanar saint and his son-in-law as well as Sundarar. He is described to have cut his daughter's hair and given it to Shiva disguised as a Shaiva ascetic, on her wedding day.
Life
The life of Manakanchara Nayanar is described in the Periya Puranam by Sekkizhar (12th century), which is a hagiography of the 63 Nayanars. Manakanchara Nayanar is dated to the 8th century and was a contemporary of Eyarkon Kalikkama Nayanar, a Nayanar saint and his son-in-law as well as Sundarar, one of the most prominent Nayanars.
Manakanchara Nayanar was born in Kancharur, a fertile place in the Chola kingdom. Kancharur is now in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was a Vellalar, a caste of agricultural land owners. He was a great devotee of Shiva, the patron god of Shaivism. He was the commander-in-chief of the Chola army. Manakanchara became a powerful and wealthy commander. He served devotees of Shiva and generously donated gifts to them.
However, Manakanchara did not have a child. He prayed to Shiva for a child and was blessed with a daughter. He distributed many gifts to devotees, while celebrating the birth of his daughter with great pomp. The daughter is called Punniya Vardhini. She was instilled with values of devotion to Shiva by her father from childhood. She grew up to become a beautiful maiden, with long and beautiful locks of hair. The family elders arranged her marriage to Eyarkon Kalikkama Nayanar, who was a Vellalar commander-in-chief of the Chola kingdom. The prospective groom also shared the devotion and love for Shiva with Manakanchara Nayanar. It was said that Manakanchara Nayanar had gained two boons from Shiva: a pious daughter as well as a devout and illustrious son-in-law.
On day of the wedding (in some versions, a day prior to the wedding), while the bridegroom was on the way to the marriage venue at Manakanchara Nayanar's house, Shiva disguised himself as a Mahavrata Shaiva yogi (an ascetic who has kept a great vow), with sacred ash smeared over his body, matted hair and wearing garlands of bones and skulls and a yagnopavita (sacred thread worn across the chest) made of human hair called a panchavati. Manakanchara Nayanar welcomed and honoured the ascetic. The ascetic enquired about the festivities and in response, Manakanchara Nayanar informed him of his daughter's wedding. When she arrived and sought the blessings of the ascetic, he commented that her long hair would have been ideal for making his panchavati. Without giving it a second thought, taking the statement as a command by the yogi, Manakanchara Nayanar chopped off the hair of his daughter and gifted them to the ascetic, in an act of supreme devotion to Shiva's devotees. Cutting of the hair of a young maiden - especially of a bride - is considered inauspicious and thus a taboo. The daughter of Manakanchara Nayanar had lost her hair, the reason of her beauty, and faced the risk of rejection by the bridegroom. The ascetic disappeared immediately, as soon as he accepted the hair. Shiva along with his consort Parvati gave a divine vision to the family of Manakanchara Nayanar, pleased with their service. The divine couple blessed the family and disappeared.
The bride's beautiful hair were also restored. Eyarkon Kalikkama Nayanar and his wedding party arrived at the place and got to know what had happened. Kalikkama regretted that he missed an opportunity to see his patron god Shiva. He felt that if he had married the bride when Shiva asked for the hair, he would have had the honour of gifting Shiva.
Remembrance
Sundarar venerates Manakanchara Nayanar (called Manakkancaran) in the Tiruthonda Thogai, a hymn to Nayanar saints. He is described as generous and having hill like shoulders. The temple of Sri Panchavateeswarar temple, dedicated to Shiva, marks the vision of Shiva to Manakanchara Nayanar. It is located Anandathandavapuram, Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu. An image of Shiva called Jata Nathar (the Lord of the hair) depicts Shiva with a lock of hair - alluding to the hair of Manakanchara Nayanar's daughter - in his hands.
Manakanchara Nayanar is worshipped in the Tamil month of Margazhi, when the moon enters the Svati nakshatra (lunar mansion). He is depicted with folded hands (see Anjali mudra). He receives collective worship as part of the 63 Nayanars. Their icons and brief accounts of his deeds are found in many Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu. Their images are taken out in procession in festivals.
References
Nayanars
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50538657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeh%20Jiunn-rong
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Yeh Jiunn-rong
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Yeh Jiunn-rong (; born October 1958) is a Taiwanese academic and politician.
Early life
Yeh received his bachelor's and master's degrees in law from National Taiwan University (NTU) in 1981 and 1985, respectively. He went on to study at Yale University in the United States, earning master's and doctoral degrees in law in 1986 and 1988, respectively.
Early career
Yeh was an associate professor on the Faculty of Law of NTU from 1988 to 1993 and served as professor from 1993 onward. He was also a visiting professor and scholar to Columbia University, Duke University, Hong Kong University and University of Toronto during 1995–2000. He was also a visiting lecturer to the Law School of Zhejiang University in 2011–2012.
Political career
Yeh led the Research, Development and Evaluation Commission from 2004 to 2006. He returned to public service in 2016, taking office as Minister of the Interior on 20 May. He was named Minister of Education in July 2018. Yeh resigned as education minister on 25 December 2018, a day after announcing that the ministry confirmed Kuan Chung-ming's selection as president of National Taiwan University, outstanding since January 2018.
References
1958 births
Taiwanese Ministers of the Interior
Living people
National Taiwan University alumni
Yale University alumni
National Taiwan University faculty
Politicians of the Republic of China on Taiwan from Taipei
Taiwanese Ministers of Education
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40241447
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanli
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Qanli
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Qanli (, also Romanized as Qānlī; also known as Kanlu, Khānlū, Qaflu, and Qānlū) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Khodabandeh County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 324, in 58 families.
References
Populated places in Khodabandeh County
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11918804
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Cole%20National%20Historic%20Site
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Thomas Cole National Historic Site
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The Thomas Cole National Historic Site, also known as Cedar Grove, is a National Historic Landmark that includes the home and the studio of painter Thomas Cole, founder of the Hudson River School of American painting. It is located at 218 Spring Street, Catskill, NY, United States. The site provided Thomas Cole with a residence and studio from 1833 through his death in 1848.
The property was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. It was designated a National Historic Site in 1999 and is an affiliated area of the National Park Service.
Site history
Pre-Cole years
In 1684, Gysbert uyt den Bogaert purchased about of land from Native Americans, an area at the mouth of Catskill Creek that was bounded on the east by the Hudson River. After the death of his last descendant the land was subsequently divided and sold by a speculator in the middle of the 18th century. The land was further subdivided during the Revolutionary War, but the development of the area (including the foundations of the town of Catskill) only began in the mid-1790s when growth is described in historical sources as "very rapid."
One of the first landowners was Dr. Thomas Thomson (1750–1805), who arrived in 1787 to practice medicine, speculate in land, and live with his family. After his death and the return of his son Thomas T. Thomson from South America in 1815, the doctor and his family purchased and leased neighboring lots until their property encompassed at its apex. During this period, the family built a Federal-style house as their primary residence, finishing construction in 1816. The first documented references to the property as 'Cedar Grove' date to this time.
In 1821, Thomas T. Thomson died. His brother John A. Thomson, known familiarly as "Uncle Sandy," assumed duties as head of the household. The Cedar Grove property was a working farm, with oxen, cows, beef cattle, hogs, and one horse. Barley, oats, corn, and hay were cultivated, though orchards produced the primary cash crop of the farm. A large extended family lived with Uncle Sandy, including four of his orphaned nieces.
Cole's residency
When Thomas Cole arrived in the early 1830s, Cedar Grove had become "a viable gentleman's farm." Looking to secure a more permanent residence in the Catskill area while maintaining a studio in New York City, Cole rented space from the Thomson family to live and paint. In November 1836 he formally entered the family, marrying John A. Thomson's niece Maria Bartow in the West Parlor of the Cedar Grove house. She was 23 years old to his 35.
Cole painted numerous scenes of the Catskill landscape around Cedar Grove, including such well-known paintings as Lake with Dead Trees, and Kaaterskill Falls. Cedar Grove continues to offer views of the Catskill mountains, and Cole expressed his feelings for the site and its proximity to the wilderness in poetry and letters. In 1834 he wrote,
Cole purchased two and a half acres of land outright from John A. Thomson, intending to construct a separate house for his wife and himself, but never did so. Instead, he lived in the master bedroom formerly occupied by John A. Thomson, and raised his children in the main house.
Late in 1839 Cole moved into a new studio, using part of a barn that John A. Thomson had constructed. The studio still stands today, replete with an extra window built to give the artist more northern light. Here Cole painted a number of important works, most notably The Voyage of Life. After John A. Thomson's death in 1846, Cole erected another studio on the property, which was demolished in the 1970s. In February 1848 Cole caught pneumonia and died in the master bedroom at Cedar Grove, leaving behind his wife and four children.
Post-Cole years
Cole's student Frederic Edwin Church became a close friend of the family and sketched much of Cedar Grove in 1848. Following Cole's death, a number of artists traveled to visit Cedar Grove, with some renting his studio and making paintings and sketches of the houses and grounds. Jasper Francis Cropsey and Charles Herbert Moore were among those who visited, and descriptions of the site began to appear in magazines and newspapers. Cole's privileged position in American art during the mid-19th century ensured constant interest in his place of work by the artistic community until many years after his death.
In the 1880s, however, the family had fallen on hard financial circumstances, with Frederic Church forced to assist them in 1882. The size of the property gradually diminished due to a combination of public works (including a road and reservoir) and sales to help the family's financial situation. In 1933 the construction of the nearby Rip Van Winkle Bridge at first threatened to demolish the house, but after concerted efforts by the Cole family only took a portion of land.
In 1964 the last surviving descendant of Cole held an auction to sell a number of Cole's paintings and furnishings. During the 1960s, the historic flower beds were abandoned, and the old cottage that Cole had initially rented was demolished. After New York State declined to preserve the property, it was purchased by the Catskill Center for Conservation and Development who listed it for sale with restrictive deed covenants in 1981. In 1982 it was purchased by four art enthusiasts who began restoration work. After the National Park Service declined to acquire the site, a grant from the Beecher Trust helped the Greene County Historical Society purchase the site in 1998. Restoration began in earnest and Cedar Grove opened to the public in 2001.
In 2016, the reconstruction of Cole's "New Studio," which was built according to his own design in 1846 and demolished in 1973, opened to the public. The reconstruction was aided by historic photographs, sketches by Frederic Church and Jasper Cropsey, and a painting by Charles Herbert Moore.
In 2019, in partnership with Olana State Historic Site and the New York State Bridge Authority, the Thomas Cole National Historic Site opened the Hudson River Skywalk, a pedestrian walkway across the Rip Van Winkle Bridge aiming to connect the two historic sites.
See also
Historic Artists' Homes and Studios
Olana State Historic Site
References
External links
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1812
Hudson River School sites
National Historic Sites in New York (state)
National Historic Landmarks in New York (state)
Artists' studios in the United States
Historic house museums in New York (state)
Museums in Greene County, New York
Federal architecture in New York (state)
Biographical museums in New York (state)
Houses in Greene County, New York
Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area
Protected areas established in 1999
1999 establishments in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Greene County, New York
Catskill, New York
Cole
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39527457
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centered%20polyhedral%20number
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Centered polyhedral number
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The centered polyhedral numbers are a class of figurate numbers, each formed by a central dot, surrounded by polyhedral layers with a constant number of edges. The length of the edges increases by one in each additional layer.
Examples
Centered tetrahedral numbers
Centered cube numbers
Centered octahedral numbers
Centered dodecahedral numbers
Centered icosahedral numbers
Stella octangula numbers
References
Figurate numbers
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22622185
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Game%20of%20Pool%20%28The%20Twilight%20Zone%2C%201985%29
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A Game of Pool (The Twilight Zone, 1985)
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"A Game of Pool" is the fifty-fifth episode and the twentieth episode of the third season (1988–89) of the revived television series The Twilight Zone. It is a remake of the original series 1961 episode of the same name.
Opening narration
Plot
The owner of a pool hall collects the billiard balls during closing time. As some of the customers leave a couple of guys give the owner a hassle over letting Jesse Cardiff stay. Jesse, who one of the men said "thinks he's the next Fats Brown," slams a double shot on the pool table. Instead of enjoying completing such a difficult shot Jesse complains about being compared to Fats Brown. He offhandedly remarks that if he were alive and in the room he'd show Fats Brown that he could beat him. He turns around to see a portly gentleman sitting in the bar and he says, "At your service."
Fats Brown tells Jesse that he called for him and he did not come on his own. Stuttering and nervous Jesse tries to explain that he didn't really mean it, as he doubts his ability. Fats dresses him down and tells him he's not nearly as good as he claims to be. Jesse gets brazen and says he can beat him, but first they must decide what the stakes will be. Money means nothing to Fats since he's already dead and then reminds Jesse that he said he'd give anything to play with Fats, so he suggests the stakes of the game to be as high as possible for Jesse - his life. If Jesse wins, he can claim that he beat Fats Brown but if Jesse loses he will die. Jesse hesitates but then accepts.
They begin to play but both men are extremely competitive, revealing that the match is fairly even. When Jesse gets excited over sinking a tricky shot and Fats is unmoved, Jesse loses his temper lamenting that no one has ever given him his due. The match gets to be nearly even, then Jesse pulls ahead but Fats is unconcerned and blows Jesse away in the next game. At the end of the game, Jesse needs to only make one shot to win. As he begins to line up his shot, Fats begins to tell him that there is more to life than the pool hall. Jesse retorts that you do not become the best at what you do by sitting around. Fats agrees but he still had a life outside the pool hall and thinks that Jesse is rotting away. Jesse claims that Fats is trying to break his concentration, and when Fats shoots his final shot and misses Jesse gets excited. Jesse must simply sink his last shot ... but he misses.
Fats lines up his shot and sinks it in the pocket, only to look up intensely at Jesse, who is shaking with fear. Fats takes his cue chalk out of his pocket and sets it down. Jesse questions him about the life or death stakes, and Fats laughs. He tells Jesse that he will die in obscurity as all second-raters do in the end. If he had beaten Fats he would've lived forever. Fats says that Jesse's good but not good enough and as Fats disappears Jesse screams that he can do better, that he will practice more, and that he will eventually win.
Closing narration
Alternate ending
This episode was written by Johnson for the original Twilight Zone series. That 1961 version, starring Jack Klugman and Jonathan Winters, featured an ending where Jesse wins and is bound to take up Fats's mantle as the greatest pool player in history. The ending used here was the original ending as intended by writer George Clayton Johnson.
References
Zicree, Marc Scott: The Twilight Zone Companion. Sillman-James Press, 1982 (second edition)
External links
1989 American television episodes
The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series season 3) episodes
Cue sports on television
Television episodes about ghosts
Television episodes written by George Clayton Johnson
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5358549
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial%2C%20Technical%20and%20Allied%20Workers%27%20Union
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Commercial, Technical and Allied Workers' Union
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The Commercial, Technical and Allied Workers' Union (CTAWU) is a trade union in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It has a membership of 2000 and is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.
References
Trade unions in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
International Trade Union Confederation
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48063161
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus%20Sol%20Invictus
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Augustus Sol Invictus
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Augustus Sol Invictus (Latin for 'majestic undefeated sun'; born Austin Mitchell Gillespie; July 31, 1983) is an American far-right political activist, attorney, blogger, and white nationalist. Since January 2020, he has been on trial in Florida for domestic violence and firearms charges.
Invictus was a candidate for the Libertarian Party nomination in the 2016 United States Senate election in Florida. Local party chairman Adrian Wyllie resigned over his candidacy and the unwillingness of the party to disavow it. He lost overwhelmingly in the primary to opponent Paul Stanton, garnering 26.5% of votes cast.
In a press release from 2015, Invictus was accused by the Libertarian Party of Florida of advocating for eugenics and "state-sponsored murder". In April 2017, the Libertarian Party of Florida, following mediation, issued a retraction of the 2015 press release, stating that "it exceeded the mandate of the executive committee", and declaring that "Mr. Invictus has always been a member in good standing, is a past chair of the Libertarian Party of Orange County, a sponsor of the 2016 and 2017 LPF State Conventions, as well as a dedicated volunteer on the Legislative Review Committee." In July 2017, Invictus changed his party affiliation to Republican, announcing his candidacy for the 2018 United States Senate election in Florida.
Invictus was a headline speaker at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, on August 12, 2017, that ended with three deaths. He has represented Marcus Faella, the former head of the white-supremacist group American Front, in court. Invictus is the publisher of The Revolutionary Conservative, a publication which calls for a violent uprising and states that its aim is to restore the American republic and defend Western civilization. He was controversial within the Libertarian Party for his neo-fascist political views and history of racist associations. He has been described by media reports as being associated with the alt-right movement. He has proposed the repeal of several amendments to the US Constitution, stipulating that only white male citizens should be allowed to vote or own real property.
Career
Invictus graduated from the University of South Florida with a BA with honors in philosophy. Following his graduation, he attended DePaul University College of Law and graduated in 2011. While in law school, Invictus earned a fellowship at the International Human Rights Law Institute. His work centered on international criminal law and the laws of armed conflict. He has been admitted to the bar in Florida, New York, Illinois, Massachusetts, and the Middle District of Florida in the US District Court. He was managing partner of Imperium, P.A., a law firm he founded in 2013, until his retirement from the practice of law in 2017. Invictus is currently the publisher of The Revolutionary Conservative, a far-right publication with the stated aim of "restoring the American republic and defending Western Civilization".
Invictus was a headlined speaker at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, on August 12, 2017, where a white supremacist drove his vehicle into a crowd of counter-protesters, killing Heather Heyer. The Miami Herald wrote of Invictus's involvement in the fatal event that "the political fallout over Charlottesville may end whatever hopes for public office [Invictus] had."
2016 U.S. Senate campaign
On May 19, 2015, Invictus announced his campaign for the U.S Senate as a candidate for the Libertarian Party in the 2016 Florida election.
In response to Invictus's campaign, Adrian Wyllie resigned from his position as chairman of the Libertarian Party of Florida, calling Invictus a "violent Fascist and Neo-Nazi" whose ideology was incompatible with libertarianism and saying he did not want to be part of the same party. The chairman also accused Invictus of supporting eugenics and of "sadistically dismembering a goat in a ritualistic sacrifice". Invictus responded by admitting that he once wrote a paper advocating eugenics but saying that he has since changed his mind. He said he had sacrificed the goat and drunk its blood as part of a ritual to give thanks for surviving a pilgrimage in spring 2013, but denied it was "sadistic".
He has also said that he is not a white supremacist, citing the fact that his children are part Hispanic; he acknowledged that some white supremacists support his campaign, while claiming he does not associate with them. In 2014, he acted as attorney for Marcus Faella of the American Front in his legal appeal.
In May 2016, Invictus began the "Possibility of Revolution" tour in Florida, speaking in Orlando, Jacksonville, Tallahassee, Tampa, Fort Myers, and Miami in one continuous circuit. At the end of this tour, Paul Stanton entered the Senate race, creating the first Libertarian primary for the United States Senate in Florida history. Invictus lost the primary election on August 30, 2016, with Stanton receiving 73.5% of the vote.
Views
During his campaign, a letter written by Invictus in 2013 came to light in which he renounced his citizenship and claimed to have plans of venturing out in the woods only to return bringing war:
Invictus has been accused of supporting state-sponsored eugenics for a paper he wrote as a law student. Invictus, however, wrote a disclaimer to the paper stating that although he believes the strong and intelligent should breed and the weak and stupid should not, he does not believe that the government can be trusted to implement such a program.
Invictus has been identified as a Holocaust denier. He has said: "Do I believe that 6 million Jews were killed by evil Hitler? Is that what you’re asking me? ... Okay, then I am still waiting to see those facts."
Invictus has proposed repealing the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Nineteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, insisting that only white male citizens should have the right to vote or own real property.
Invictus believes that the United States should embrace a non-interventionist approach to foreign policy, arguing that an interventionist approach has resulted in the loss of American lives and the accumulation of trillions of dollars in debt. He opposes using the U.S. military to protect US national interests or prevent meddling in US affairs.
Invictus advocates for balancing the budget, shrinking the size of government, ceasing "reckless" government spending and deregulating American business. He is also in favor of repealing the personal income tax, abolishing the IRS and recreating the tax code. He is for an expanded federal role in protecting the environment. According to Invictus, he does not support mass immigration and is against open borders for the United States. However, he supports policies that would streamline the process of immigration and naturalization so that immigrants who wish to integrate and work in the United States can do so with ease. Invictus believes that abortion should be illegal in most circumstances.
Invictus is opposed to the War on Drugs and has labeled it a failure. He supports repealing the Controlled Substances Act and abolishing the DEA. He believes that the United States should find alternative forms of energy so as to reduce U.S dependence on foreign energy. He does not believe there should be a trade-off between economic freedom and the destruction of the environment.
Personal life
He dropped out of college and by 2006 he was married, and a father of four multi-ethnic children. Augustus Invictus was born Austin Gillespie, and in 2006 he legally changed his name to Augustus Sol Invictus. He is a Thelemite, though was expelled from the Thelemic fraternal organization, Ordo Templi Orientis; he also identifies as a pagan.
Legal issues
Invictus has been accused of crimes including domestic violence, stalking, and threats of bodily harm verbally and with a firearm, which have been reported to law enforcement in Florida at least ten times.
The first such allegation which gained public attention was reported in 2017 by his ex-fiancée. The Huffington Post reported that in July 2017, police in Orlando, Florida, "recommended that charges of domestic battery by strangulation and aggravated battery be filed against Invictus." According to the article, charges were never filed due to both a lack of evidence and a lack of cooperation from the alleged victim. The victim stated to police that she hesitated as a result of feeling intimidated by Invictus's connections to white-supremacist organizations and legal expertise in addition to her allegations of serial acts of violence.
Invictus was arrested in Melbourne, Florida, on January 1, 2020, on charges of "kidnapping, 'high and aggravated' domestic violence and possession of a firearm during a crime of violence". Upon his arrest in Melbourne, Invictus was then extradited to Rock Hill, South Carolina, where the alleged crimes, this time against another woman, who is his estranged wife, occurred. He requested a bail hearing which occurred on February 14, 2020, and his accuser made a statement to the court recounting her allegations. Her claims match as a pattern, the description of the acts Invictus's prior accuser had alleged he perpetrated. For example, his wife alleged he had abused her for 6 years via assaults including punching her in the stomach to avoid visible bruises, and locking her in the bedroom for days. Also as in prior allegations by the other victim, Invictus's wife independently reported to law enforcement that he had repeatedly strangled her, threatened her life with a firearm, and used the threat to use his extremist followers to silence her, claiming he would send them to target her and end her life if she escaped. On February 14, 2020, Judge Hall in Rock Hill, South Carolina, ordered that Invictus be held in jail without bond. On February 19, 2020, kidnapping charges were dismissed after the judge asserted that the charge lacked probable cause; however, the charges of "high and aggravated" domestic violence and possession of a firearm in commission of a crime of violence remain.
On March 31, 2020, the court determined that Invictus could be freed on bail after his public defender cited the risk posed to inmates by the coronavirus pandemic.
However, less than three weeks after Invictus's release he was re-arrested in violation of the terms of his bond. Despite her restraining order, Invictus's wife reported that he made threatening and harassing contact with her over twenty times. He allegedly made an implied threat of violence at which point she agreed to meet him in a park with their children. At that time, Invictus allegedly spoke to their child referring to his accuser with derogatory slurs. On July 23, 2020, Invictus was denied a fourth request for bail by a judge in Rock Hill, South Carolina.
Stalking charges in Florida were dropped on August 4, 2020, after prosecutors determined the case was "not suitable for prosecution". On August 25, 2020, Invictus was granted release bail in York County, South Carolina.
Electoral history
References
External links
The Revolutionary Conservative
Invictus for Senate
Invictus for President MMXX
1983 births
Living people
21st-century American lawyers
American Holocaust deniers
American Modern Pagans
American Thelemites
Candidates in the 2016 United States elections
Candidates in the 2018 United States Senate elections
DePaul University alumni
Drug policy reform activists
Florida lawyers
Florida Libertarians
Florida Republicans
Non-interventionism
University of South Florida alumni
American fascists
Candidates in the 2020 United States presidential election
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286275
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZOG%20%28hypertext%29
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ZOG (hypertext)
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ZOG was an early hypertext system developed at Carnegie Mellon University during the 1970s by Donald McCracken and Robert Akscyn. ZOG was first developed by Allen Newell and George G. Robertson to serve as the front end for AI and Cognitive Science programs brought together at CMU for a summer workshop. The ZOG project was as an outgrowth of long-term artificial intelligence research led by Allen Newell and funded by the Office of Naval Research. It was installed as the key interface between users and logistics on the Nimitz class carrier USS Carl Vinson in 1983.
Composition
ZOG consisted of "frames" that contained a title, a description, a line containing ZOG system commands, and selections (menu items) that led to other frames. ZOG pioneered the "frame" or "card" model of hypertext later popularized by HyperCard. In such systems, the frames or cards cannot scroll to show content that is part of the same document but held offscreen. Instead, text that exceeds the capacity of one screen must be placed in another (which then constitutes a separate frame or card)
The ZOG database became fully functional around 1977. Beginning in 1980, ZOG was ported from DEC VAX version (written in an experimental language called "L*") to the Pascal-based Three Rivers PERQ workstation and was used for a shipwide local area network on the American aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson. In 1981, Rob Akscyn and Donald McCracken, two principals from the ZOG project, founded Knowledge Systems to develop and market a commercial follow-on to ZOG called KMS ("Knowledge Management System").
Syntax
An example of syntax from one dialect of ZOG:
This TITLE line summarizes the frame's contents
This TEXT expands the frame's main point of information, but is sometimes omitted.
The OPTIONS below are used to point to subordinate sections or to provide an
enumerated expansion of the main topic. LOCAL PADS do not have the connotation of
leading to deeper detail, but rather to tangential points such as related material
in another document or database. Invoking programs is another function typically
reserved for LOCAL PADS. At the bottom of the frame is a set of general functions
called GLOBAL PADS, which are available in every frame.
1. This OPTION leads to another frame
2. Options are often used like subpoints in an outline
3. -This option leads nowhere (indicated by the minus sign at the front)
References
Hypertext
1970s in the United States
1970s software
Carnegie Mellon University software
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39419252
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20a%20Stripper
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I'm a Stripper
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I'm a Stripper is a 5 part TV documentary mini-series written and directed by Charlie David, and produced by Nickolaos Stagias with David's own Border2Border Entertainment Inc. The show follows the lives of a number of male strippers from various backgrounds in a number of locations in United States and Canada. The full title I'm a Stripper: The Real Life Magic Men refers to the popularity of Steven Soderbergh's film Magic Mike starring Channing Tatum.
The series was launched on 3 April 2013 for television and has been featured in American Logo for its 'WHAT!?' documentary series features and on Canadian OUTtv specialized stations.
Synopsis
The series features a group of friend strippers in Niagara Falls region, a young Asian man stripping in Montreal, and the performers in a Las Vegas show called Thunder from Down Under. The strippers talk about money, sexual turn-on, rivalry on stage, creativity, differences between male and female spectators, personal lives, a typical day on the club floor and away from it, reactions of families and friends.
A number of entertainment experts and psychologists offer their opinions about the profession including Morris Chapdelaine, Scott Bolton and Laurie Betito.
Cast
A number of strippers are featured. The main characters are:
Alexander Biffin
Blake McIver Ewing
Brendan Coates
Brent Everett
Brent Ray Fraser
Clint Scott
Gabriel Clark
Jeremy Smith
Joshua Barilko
Laurie Betito
Morris Chapdelaine
Scott Bolton
Shazad Hai
Steve Pena
Suntory Awiskar
Episodes
Episode 1
Follows 3 male strippers from the North American cities of Montreal, Niagara Falls and Las Vegas. From a group of friends trying to make a living in Niagara, to an Asian man fighting conservative stereotypes, to Las Vegas, the city of sin. The documentary gives an in depth look into the industry and offers a unique view on how society has accepted male strippers, the dangers of stripping, expectations and why men would want to become strippers.
Episode 2
Follows Gabriel's life as a stripper in an open relationship with his fiancé and reveals his dad, Lucas' secrets. Meanwhile, Bronco keeps up with having 3 part-time jobs while stripping and faces criticism as his 30th birthday approaches.
Episode 3
Follows Canada's first all male burlesque group in the city of Toronto. The group consists of diverse men from various ethnicities and sexualities.
Episode 4
Follows male strippers from the Bronx, Baltimore and Jamaica. Features a male Go-Go dancing troupe and explores the similarities and differences between Go-Go dancing and stripping. Meanwhile, Shazad, who struggled with his weight and body image for years is now a Muslim bodybuilding stripper.
Episode 5
Explores the new and risky business of online stripping, with video streaming and enormous credit card tips, and without many rules.
References
External links
I'm a Stripper on Vimeo
2010s television miniseries
Canadian television miniseries
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38374764
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie%20Rea
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Ernie Rea
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Ernie Rea (born Belfast, 1945) is a radio presenter. He is also a freelance writer and consultant on interfaith issues. He graduated from Queen's University, Belfast, with degrees in History and Politics and in Theology. He was ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1971.
In 1978, he joined the religious broadcasting section of the BBC, and eventually rose to become Head of Religious Broadcasting. He presents Beyond Belief, a programme on BBC Radio 4 that discusses religious issues. He is a member of the Three Faiths Forum, an organization which exists to foster understanding between the three faiths of Christianity, Judaism and Islam.
Rea is also a trainer with The Media Training Company, along with producer Geoff Deehan.
References
External links
Rethink2012.com
1945 births
Living people
British radio presenters
People from Northern Ireland
Radio presenters from Northern Ireland
Presbyterian ministers
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59009688
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancho%20Laguna%20%28Alemany%29
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Rancho Laguna (Alemany)
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Rancho Laguna part of the grazing lands granted to Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa in 1844, surrounding Laguna Lake at the head of the Los Osos Valley in the city of San Luis Obispo and San Luis Obispo County, California. With Rancho Cañada de los Pinos Rancho Laguna was one of the two ranchos returned to the Catholic Church. It was returned in 1859, after its confiscation in 1845.
History
Rancho Laguna was part of the grazing lands granted to the Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, founded in 1772 by Father Junípero Serra in San Luis Obispo County, California. These lands were lost to the Catholic Church due to the Mexican secularization act of 1833. With the Secularization act of 1833, the mission pasture and garden lands were sold or granted to Mexican citizens as ranchos over the next thirteen years. On 16 July, 1844, Governor Micheltorena granted to Bishop Francisco García Diego y Moreno the Mission San Luis Obispo a vinyard, garden and a square league of grazing land around the Laguna for the support of worship. In 1845, the buildings of Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa except for the chapel were sold by Governor Pio Pico to John Wilson, everything except the church chapel was sold for a total of $510 (valued at $70,000 in 1845). The Rancho Laguna was also ceded by Pio Pico to Wilson in 1845, under protest by the bishop in September 1845.
On February 19, 1853 Archbishop J.S. Alemany filed petitions for the return of all former mission lands in the state. These cases, 609, 425, N. D., and 388 S. D., for the California Missions and other land was confirmed by the Commission on December 18, 1855. An appeal was dismissed in Northern District Court, on March 16, 1857, and in the Southern District on March 15, 1858. Consequently, the 4,157.02 acres of Rancho Laguna was patented to Bishop J. S. Alemany on February 4, 1859. After reading a letter from Bishop Alemany, President Abraham Lincoln signed a proclamation on March 18, 1865, just three weeks before Lincoln's assassination, that restored ownership of some the mission property to the Roman Catholic Church.
Ownership of (essentially the exact area of land occupied by the original mission buildings, cemeteries, and gardens) was subsequently conveyed to the Church. Included with the Mission San Luis Obispo were the mission orchard and vinyard, and the land of the Rancho La Laguna, southwest of the town, in San Luis Obispo County, consisting of .
The Rancho Laguna was a diamond shaped section of land of surrounding Laguna Lake at the head of the Los Osos Valley. It was bounded by a line through the Irish Hills on the southwest, a line bordering that of the Rancho Cañada de los Osos y Pecho y Islay on the northwest, a line running along the south slope of the Cerro San Luis Obispo to a point at the intersection of Elks Lane and Huigera Street on the northeast, and a line on the southeast to the starting point just south of the common boundary with the Ranchito de Santa Fe.
The Rancho was subsequently owned by W. H. Peterson and others up to 1883.
Today
Most of the lands of the Rancho Laguna and all of the Laguna Lake are enclosed within the boundary of the City of San Luis Obispo, some parts of the land in the Irish Hills and to the east and northwest of the lake toward Bishop Peak are outside the city limits. Laguna Lake Park occupies the easternmost northeast shore of Laguna Lake. With Laguna Lake Park, the Laguna Lake Natural Reserve encloses the most of the shoreline of the lake and the lower reach of Prefumo Creek and its delta on the shore of the lake (following its diversion into the late 1950s), omitting only the northernmost area, called the Northwest Inlets. The reserve also encloses a strip of grasslands to the northeast of the lake to near the crest of the serpentine rock ridgeline.
References
California ranchos
Ranchos of San Luis Obispo County, California
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19888295
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angove%20River
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Angove River
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Angove River or Angove Creek is a river located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia most of the river is found within Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve.
The stream was seen in 1898 by surveyor William Angove and was named after him in 1913 by another surveyor BW Ridley.
The river rises in swamps north of the water supply reserve then enter the reserve where a pipehead dam is located to provide potable water to Albany. It then flows through a gauging weir then enters Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve. It continues through a channel that is still on private land and was constructed to drain nearby farm land. The river eventually discharges into Angove Lake.
The water is of excellent quality and is considered as fresh, potable water. Only 5% of the catchment area has been cleared mostly in the very upper reaches and around the lake.
The catchment area is one of the few areas of Albany Blackbutt Woodland left in Australia and is considered to be an important biological link between Two Peoples Bay and Mount Manypeaks.
The river is used to supply water to the town of Albany which is located West of the river. A total of of water is taken from the river every year.
Fish ladders have been installed in the river in an effort to minimise disruption to fish migration patterns.
References
Rivers of Western Australia
Great Southern (Western Australia)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunmurry
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Dunmurry
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Dunmurry (; ) is an urban townland in Belfast. Dunmurry is in the Collin electoral ward for the local government district of Belfast City Council.
History
Until the end of the 18th century, Dunmurry was largely an agricultural area dominated by wealthy landowners.
In 1817, work began on a new road from Belfast to Dublin through Finaghy and Dunmurry. This replaced the old turnpike road through Upper Malone and Drumbeg to Lambeg, which was linked to the town by Dunmurry Lane.
Throughout the 19th century, Dunmurry became known as one of the many 'linen villages' that were spread across Ulster as many of the local factories and mills were promoted by local entrepreneurs. It remained very much a village until the late 1920s, when developers became keen to seize the greenfield sites for overspill housing and for industry - a phenomenon which became particularly evident after World War II. The largest expansion of the village in this era came with the advent of the Housing Trust, who, in response to a 1951 order for 1500 units of social housing to be built between Belfast and Lisburn, purchased a large amount of land at Suffolk and former demesne land at Seymour Hill and Conway. One third of these housing units were reserved for residents of Lisburn
Politics
Politically, Dunmurry falls into the Collin district electoral area of Belfast City Council. This is composed of the wards of Dunmurry, Seymour Hill, Derriaghy, Colin Glen, Kilwee, Poleglass, Twinbrook and Lagmore.
From 1 April 2015, Dunmurry transferred to Belfast City Council under local government reforms.
In 2008, it was recorded in statute that the Dunmurry ward would transfer in its entirety from Lagan Valley to Belfast West. Furthermore, it was decided that the section of the Derriaghy wards which lay to the north of the Derriaghy and Lagmore townland boundary would also transfer to Belfast West.
The Member of Parliament for the constituency in which most of Dunmurry lies is Paul Maskey, Sinn Féin MP for Belfast West.
Features
Backed by the Colin Mountain, with its Colin Glen, Dunmurry is flanked by the River Lagan which, although canalised, still retains the atmosphere of a quiet rural waterway. All around Dunmurry's housing estates are open landscapes which include the golf course, the Antrim Hills, Moss Side and the Lagan Valley. There are also extensive playing fields in and around Dunmurry.
Dunmurry has its own golf club, originally located in Upper Dunmurry Lane. The course was designed and laid by G.S. Dunn of Newcastle, County Down, in 1805. The course was extended to 14 holes in 1973 and then to 18 holes in 1977. After road improvements were carried out in the area, the club moved to a new course in Dunmurry Lane, approximately 1 mile away from the previous course. The original course is now a 9-hole course and is home to the Colin Valley Golf Club.
Dunmurry is also the home of Dunmurry Cricket Club who play in the Northern Cricket Union. Dunmurry C.C was formed in the 1940s and has had varied success in the N.C.U. Its most important achievement was the winning of three Junior Cups which is represented in the club badge by three stars and the arch in the badge represents one of the many bridges in Dunmurry.
Dunmurry Primary School has served the local community since opening its doors in 1930. It was inspected by the Education and Training Inspectorate in November 2011 and was rated 'outstanding' - the highest rating attainable. The school also has a Nursery Unit which opened its doors in September 2004. More recent additions to the school include an environmental garden, raised bed planting area and wildlife pond. It also provides a breakfast club from 8 am and after school care.
Dunmurry was home to Dunmurry High School (established in 1968 to teach the children's age range - 11 to 16) which closed in 2011, Rathmore Grammar School (consisting of over 1000 pupils and has topped the league tables several times for Best A Level Results), and the Belfast Bible College, one of five Queen's University constituent colleges recognised to teach undergraduate and postgraduate (certificate, diploma and part-time) courses in Theology. The Belfast Bible College does not belong to any single denomination but is a community drawn from 20 different denominations and over 30 different countries. There are currently about 120 full-time students, one third of whom are following degree pathways.
Dunmurry was the location of the DeLorean Motor Company factory where the DeLorean sports car was manufactured from 1981 until 1982. About 8,500 DeLoreans were made before production ended in 1982, and as of 2006, 6,500 are estimated to still exist. The DeLorean was famously featured in the Back to the Future movie trilogy.
Dunmurry tower block fire
A fire broke out in the fourteen-storey Coolmoyne House on the Seymour Hill estate that is operated by the Northern Ireland Housing Executive in Dunmurry at around 17:30 on 15 November 2017. The 56-flat tower block and its sister block Rathmoyne House were built in 1964 by Lisburn City Council. There were no fatal injuries and four minor injuries. The fire broke out on a flat on the ninth floor and the occupant alerted his neighbours. There was great concern as the automatic fire alarms failed to activate and residents had to be individually alerted. The ambulance and fire service were present by 17:35 and the residents were evacuated to the Seymour Hill and Conway Community residents' association community hall. It was explained that the alarms had worked to specification and would only sound when smoke was detected in each individual flat. This failed to placate the residents as the incident was exactly five months after the Grenfell Tower fire.
Sport
Dunmurry Cricket Club plays in the NCU Senior League.
Dunmurry Recreation F.C., more commonly known as Dunmurry Rec.
Dunmurry Young Men F.C.
Iveagh United F.C.
Dunmurry Golf Club
Eire Og Derriaghy
Transport
Dunmurry railway station, located on the main Belfast–Dublin railway line, opened on 12 August 1839. The local train service offers transport to Belfast, Lisburn, Portadown, Newry and Bangor.
Dunmurry village is also regularly serviced by the Metro services:
9A to Conway via Lisburn Road & Finaghy Conway (River Road) and
9C to Conway via Lisburn Road, Balmoral & Finaghy, departing from Donegall Square East, in Central Belfast.
Dunmurry Village is also serviced by Translink Ulsterbus Services to Lisburn, Crumlin, Antrim, Craigavon, Portadown, Newry and Armagh.
The M1 motorway passes through Dunmurry, at Junction 3 (Black's Road) providing a fast route to and from central Belfast.
Notable people
Barry Hobson (1925–2017), cricketer and educator
Catherine McGuinness, Judge of the Irish Supreme Court
References
External links
Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
Dunmurry's Past
Dunmurry Changing
Lisburn History Books
Townlands of County Antrim
Wards of Northern Ireland
Civil parish of Drumbeg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickellia%20viejensis
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Brickellia viejensis
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Brickellia viejensis is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is native to the Sierra Tierra Vieja in Presidio County, western Texas.
Brickellia viejensis is a perennial herb up to 60 cm (24 inches) tall.
References
viejensis
Flora of Texas
Plants described in 1968
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16698938
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20McSweegan
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Edward McSweegan
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Edward McSweegan Ph.D., is an American microbiologist, science writer and fiction author.
Education and early research
McSweegan earned his undergraduate biology degree from Boston College in 1978. He went on to earn two degrees in microbiology, a masters degree from the University of New Hampshire and a Ph.D. from the University of Rhode Island.
In 1984, McSweegan received a resident research associateship from the National Research Council, and he performed postdoctoral research at the Naval Medical Research Institute. He published research on the disease-causing mechanisms of the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
Career
From 1986-1988, McSweegan was stationed at the State Department as an American Association for the Advancement of Science diplomacy fellow. At the State Department, he was involved in developing a science and technology pact between the United States and Poland. He helped negotiate additional agreements with Hungary and the former Soviet Union.
In 1988, McSweegan joined the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and eventually became program officer for Lyme disease. McSweegan was among a number of Lyme disease experts who were worried about the influence that an advocacy group was having over the NIH, some politicians, and the general public. The group, called Lyme Disease Foundation, promoted the belief in "chronic Lyme disease" and claimed that it required long-term, expensive, and unproven antibiotic treatments. The group was operated by two accountants, received funding from companies that sold intravenous antibiotics, and made claims that lacked scientific support. It also referred people with indeterminate symptoms to chronic Lyme disease-believing doctors who would diagnose them, even though evidence indicated most did not have Lyme disease.
Beginning in 1995, McSweegan denounced the Lyme Disease Foundation in his personal time and continued to speak out against the group's influence on the NIH. The NIH eventually removed him from responsibilities, both related and unrelated to Lyme disease. The media characterized the NIH's actions as retaliation for McSweegan blowing the whistle on NIH mismanagement. In 1997, after noticing that his personal web site characterized the Lyme Disease Foundation as "whacko", the NIH suspended him for two weeks. However, the NIH's own lawyers felt there was no basis for firing him. The Lyme Disease Foundation later sued McSweegan for slander, but lost. McSweegan won a countersuit against them. Through the process, he continued to receive positive job reviews.
The NIH said it reassigned him to a post as director of the U.S.-Indo Vaccine Action Program. McSweegan told The Washington Post in 2003 that he didn't know he was director of that program, and was instead assigned tasks better suited for an intern.
Reports by the Post and CBS News led Senator Chuck Grassley, then the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, to demand that the NIH give McSweegan work. In a letter to Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson, Grassley questioned the NIH's uses of taxpayer money, saying it was unacceptable for the NIH to "come rattling a tin cup asking for more money" when it was forcing taxpayers to "pay for full-time novelists." The NIH promised to investigate the allegations.
McSweegan has commented on diverse issues related to infectious disease. In 2004, McSweegan hypothesized that the mysterious "English sweating sickness" may have been an outbreak of anthrax poisoning. He speculated that the victims could have been infected with anthrax spores present in raw wool or infected animal carcasses, and he suggested exhuming the victims for testing. He has also criticized the Centers for Disease Control for investigating Morgellons, a proposed infectious condition whose existence is disputed by current scientific consensus.
Mcsweegan was detailed by the NIH to the Global Virus Network, where he became a program manager. There, he reported on a number of pathogens, including Zika, chikungunya, and Hepatitis C. He worked at the Global Virus Network until 2018.
References
External links
Archive of McSweegan's site
Living people
American science writers
American microbiologists
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreplaceable
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Irreplaceable
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"Irreplaceable" is a song by American singer Beyoncé for her second studio album, B'Day (2006). The song was written by Shaffer "Ne-Yo" Smith, Tor Erik Hermansen, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Espen Lind, Amund Bjørklund, Beyoncé and produced by Stargate and Beyoncé. "Irreplaceable" was originally a country record; it was re-arranged as a mid-tempo ballad with pop and R&B influences by modifying the vocal arrangements and instrumentation. During the production and recording sessions, Beyoncé and Ne-Yo wanted to create a record which people of either gender could relate to. The song's lyrics are about the breakdown of a relationship with an unfaithful man and the song contains a message about female empowerment.
Following the moderate chart performances of "Déjà Vu" and "Ring the Alarm", "Irreplaceable" was released internationally on October 13, 2006, as the album's second single, and the third in the United States on December 5, 2006. The single was released through Columbia Records. Pitchfork Media and Rolling Stone placed it on their lists of Best Songs of the 2000s. "Irreplaceable" won several awards, including Best R&B/Soul Single at the 2007 Soul Train Music Awards. It was nominated for the Record of the Year award at the 50th Grammy Awards.
The single became Beyoncé's fourth number-one in the U.S., was B'Days most successful release, and remained at the top of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for ten consecutive weeks. "Irreplaceable" was the twenty-fifth most successful song of the 2000s (decade) in the U.S., and was certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It became Beyoncé's second single to achieve 200 million audience impressions in 2006. She is the second singer to achieve this feat in the U.S., the first having been Mariah Carey in 2005. "Irreplaceable" also peaked at number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, and New Zealand, at number four in the United Kingdom, and reached the top twenty in several other European countries. "Irreplaceable" was the most successful song of 2007 in the US and 2007's tenth best-selling digital single with over 4.6 million copies sold worldwide. It also was the most downloaded female ringtone of the 2000s decade in the US.
The single's accompanying music video was directed by Anthony Mandler and served as the debut performance of Beyoncé's all-female band, Suga Mama. The video was included on the 2007 B'Day Anthology Video Album, and a video edit was produced for "Irreemplazable", the Spanish version of the song. It won the Video of the Year award at the 2007 Black Entertainment Television (BET) Awards, and was nominated for the MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year at the 2007 Awards. "Irreplaceable" has regularly featured in Beyoncé's tours and live performances since 2006. The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) recognized the song as one of the most performed of 2007 at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards.
Production
"Irreplaceable" was written for Chrisette Michele. Production team Stargate and singer-songwriter Ne-Yo had written for Beyoncé's second album B'Day, but Tor Erik Hermansen of Stargate said that they might not have gone in the direction they did on the song. The tune did not suit Beyoncé's voice, and Ne-Yo wrote the lyrics from a male perspective, although it was not based upon his personal experiences. Ne-Yo wrote the song in the country style, thinking of country singers Shania Twain and Faith Hill during the sessions. When Ne-Yo heard them playing the song with a guitar, he thought it sounded like country music. But when the drums were incorporated into the music, it was brought to an R&B vibe, and Ne-Yo considered making an R&B-country western music song instead.
When the team worked with Ne-Yo, they recorded the song with a male vocalist. However, they thought a female vocalist would be more suitable, and Ne-Yo also thought that it was empowering for a woman to sing it. Eriksen of Stargate said it was an A&R person who suggested that the song would work better when sung by a woman. Two labels wanted the song. While Beyoncé worked on material for B'Day, she was pleased with the demo of the "Irreplaceable" that was presented to her. However, "Irreplaceable" did not seem to fit on B'Day, which was supposed to be "a hard-hitting club album". Swizz Beatz, who was working on the album, declared that Beyoncé would be crazy not to include the song on the record. Beyoncé asked for changes to the song, including the addition of drums, vocal arrangements, and singing in a higher register than the demo. Espen Lind and Amund Bjørklund, from the Norwegian production team Espionage, wrote the chord structure and the guitar part. In an interview with MTV, Ne-Yo said, "Beyoncé had some stuff that she wanted to get off her chest", while aiming to make a record that women could relate to, in keeping with the theme of the album.
The recording was engineered by Jim Caruana and mixed by Jason Goldstein at Sony Music Studios in New York City. Goldstein was hired to mix B'Day. He said: "This song was really simple to mix. It was produced by Stargate and the sounds are really good and they all made sense, and there was lots of room for all the instruments." Goldstein used a board equalizer for the drums' treatment. For the acoustic guitars, he used the analogue flanger of a TC 1210 spatial expander "to sweeten the sound" and to give them "a little bit more spread". Goldstein thought "Irreplaceable" sounded "a bit old-school"; an eighth note delay echo was placed on the song's lead vocal at 341ms, using the Echo Farm plug-in software. For the backing vocals, Goldstein used Echo Farm with a quarter note delay at 682ms and Sony's Oxford Dynamics compressor/limiter in dual-mono mode.
The compressor was placed in Classic setting, to emulate the LA-2A leveling amplifier, and the Warmth button used to add harmonics. Oxford Dynamics was used for the bass in a different setting. Goldstein passed the final mix through the Oxford EQ and Inflator plug-ins. Pro Tools software was used to print the aux track into a 44.1kHz/24-bit CD and then into a 24-bit CD master. After the sessions for "Irreplaceable" ended, Hermansen said that "everyone felt they had captured something special and that Beyoncé had done the track justice", but there were still concerns that urban radio might not play the song as it featured acoustic guitars and had more of a pop appeal. "But then it became the biggest urban record ... ever," [Hermansen] said.
Songwriting controversy
A controversy arose over the writing credits on "Irreplaceable". Ne-Yo told MTV: "Apparently Beyoncé was at a show somewhere and right before the song came on she said, 'I wrote this for all my ladies' and then the song came on ... The song is a co-write. I wrote the lyrics, I wrote all the lyrics. Beyoncé helped me with the melodies and the harmonies and the vocal arrangement and that makes it a co-write. Meaning my contribution and her contribution made that song what it is." In 2011, Ne-Yo said that he wrote the song for himself, but thought that it would be better suited for Beyoncé. Some of Beyoncé's fans read Ne-Yo's remark as disrespectful towards her. However, he clarified his comment later through Twitter, writing, "I said I originally wrote the song for me. ... Once I realized how the song comes across if sung by a guy, that's when I decided to give it away."
Composition
"Irreplaceable" is a mid-tempo ballad with pop and R&B influences. Written in the key of B major, the beat is set in common time and moves at a moderate 88 beats per minute. Beyoncé's vocal range in the song spans nearly two and a half octaves, from B2 to E5. While most of the songs on the album are aggressive and uptempo, her voice on "Irreplaceable" is toned down. "Irreplaceable" uses a gently strummed acoustic guitar, following the B5–F5–Cm7–E6/9 chord series. Hermansen and Eriksen combined the classic chord progression on an acoustic guitar, a modern-sounding 808 drum beat and cellos. Al Shipley of Stylus Magazine noted that the guitar strum can be found in Rihanna's 2007 single "Hate That I Love You", a song co-produced by Stargate and Ne-Yo. Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone wrote that Chris Brown's 2007 single "With You", another Stargate-produced song, also features the same element. He wrote, "'With You' is the convincer, even if you can instantly tell that producer Stargate was just trying to roll out 'Irreplaceable' one more time." while Billboard magazine wrote that it "leans a bit too heavily" to the song.
Jim DeRogatis of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote that "Irreplaceable" resembles ballads sung by Whitney Houston. Spence D. of IGN wrote that the song was inspired by Aretha Franklin's work since "Irreplaceable" consists of several variations in gutturals and octave range. The lyrics of "Irreplaceable" concern the breakdown of a woman's relationship with her boyfriend after she discovers his infidelity, and the song "sounds a lot like a statement of independence". Sarah Rodman of The Boston Globe wrote, "With a heretofore unknown grasp of nuance, Beyonce combines heartache, bravado, and anger as she tells a cad he's far from irreplaceable—and that, in fact, her new man will be arriving momentarily." Hermansen said that "Irreplaceable" is a song that "people from all walks of life can enjoy". Beyoncé said that the song is "a little honest", and, "... basically we can't forget our power and our worth. And sometimes you're so in love, you forget that. And sometimes you feel like you're not being appreciated. And sometimes they forget that they can be replaced."
The song's lyrics are constructed in the verse-pre-chorus-chorus form. It begins with guitar strumming, and Beyoncé sings the hook-intro, "To the left, to the left: everything you own in a box to the left". In bar seven, she sings the first verse, arguing with her boyfriend about the indifference of their relationship, and tells him to walk away. The pre-chorus and chorus follow, "You must not know 'bout me ... I can have another you by tomorrow / I could have another you in a minute ... Don't you ever for a second get to thinking / You're irreplaceable". In the second verse, Beyoncé recollects the moment she discovered her boyfriend's infidelity. The same pattern leads to the second chorus. Towards the end, Beyoncé sings the bridge, where she tells her lover, "Replacing you is so easy". The song closes with an ad-libbed chorus. The Boston Globe noted that Beyoncé sings some parts of it in a higher register "that complements the lyrics' wounded sensibility".
Release
During the production of "Irreplaceable", Hermansen thought that the track would not receive radio play because of the acoustic guitars, and deemed the song too pop-oriented. Hermansen did not expect "Irreplaceable" to conform to any genre. Despite his prediction, the song became successful on urban charts. It was played in New York and on country radio stations. Shortly after the release of "Irreplaceable", Beyoncé told MTV: "I love 'Irreplaceable'. I think it's important to have those songs. I've had so many people come up to me in tears, saying, 'I experienced my first breakup. If it wasn't for the song, I wouldn't be strong enough to not call. I wouldn't know how much I'm worth.' I'm happy to be a part of that."
"Irreplaceable" was released in the United Kingdom on October 23, 2006, as the second single there. In the US, "Irreplaceable" was the third single from B'Day', and followed "Ring the Alarm". The single was released on December 5, 2006, and featured the album and instrumental versions of the track. "Irreplaceable" was the second single released from B'Day in international markets on Columbia Records. Two versions of the single were released in the UK on October 26, 2006. A CD single, which featured the album version of "Irreplaceable", and the Freemasons club mix radio edit of "Ring the Alarm", was released. An enhanced CD, which included the album version, three remixes of "Ring the Alarm", and the "Ring the Alarm" music video, was also released. A 12-inch single was released in the UK the following week. In Australia, a maxi single, which featured the album version and two remixes of "Déjà Vu", was released on December 5, 2006. A Maurice Joshua remix edit of the song was released in Australia two weeks later.
Beyoncé recorded a Spanish version of the song, called "Irreemplazable", with additional lyrical contributions from Rudy Pérez and was included on the second disc of the deluxe edition of B'Day released on June 12, 2007. An Irreemplazable EP was released in the US on August 28, 2007, and on September 10, 2007, in the UK. The EP includes "Irreemplazable", the Norteña Remix of "Irreplaceable", "Amor Gitano", three versions of "Beautiful Liar", the Timbaland remix of "Get Me Bodied" featuring Voltio, and "Oye", the Spanish version of "Listen".
As a fundraiser for the victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan, a compilation album that included "Irreplaceable", called Songs for Japan, was released on March 25, 2011.
Critical reception
Jody Rosen of Entertainment Weekly noted "Irreplaceable" to be "a lilting tune unlike anything Beyoncé has ever performed". Sarah Rodman of The Boston Globe wrote that the song is "gentle but maddeningly hook-y". Spence Abbott of IGN wrote that "Irreplaceable" and "Resentment" go for "a much more traditional contemporary R&B vibe" than any of the previous tracks on B'Day, making them stand out as if they were recorded separately from the rest of the album.
Roger Friedman of Fox News Channel wrote that "Irreplaceable" is a "clever ballad" and the most memorable track on B'Day. He added that it has the most potential of catching on with fans quickly, and that it is the only song on the album that "you might actually want to sing along to". Mike Joseph of PopMatters commented that "'Irreplaceable' tellingly, was co-written by Ne-Yo, who may not be the powerhouse vocalist Beyonce is, but has significantly stronger songwriting skills. It's the best song on the album—perhaps Ms. Knowles should take a hint." Tim Finney of Pitchfork Media, called "Irreplaceable" the best song on B'Day and praised its overall production, writing:
Before, Beyoncé's approach to heartbreak was always literal, her voice and her words declaiming her feelings with a studied earnestness that at times was difficult to believe, let alone connect with. 'Irreplaceable' is the first song in which Beyoncé lies to herself, and the way her voice perfectly betrays that lie (revealing a giveaway tremble in the stiff upper lip of the lyrics) simultaneously renders it her most sophisticated and her most honest performance to date.
Recognition and accolades
Mark Edward Nero ranked it as the ninth best R&B song of 2006, and wrote, "This song has modern-day classic written all over it." The Village Voice listed it 18 on their list of best songs of 2006. Staff members of Pitchfork Media ranked the song on their list of The Top 100 Tracks of 2006 at number 45. Shaheem Reid, Jayson Rodriguez and Rahman Dukes of MTV News placed the song at number 3 on their year-end list of 27 Essential R&B Songs of 2007.
In 2009, Ryan Schreiber ranked "Irreplaceable" at number 183 on his list of Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s (decade). Barry Schwartz of Stylus Magazine wrote that "Irreplaceable" recaptured Beyoncé's 2003 debut single "Crazy in Love"'s near-perfection, describing it as "gentle but defiant", and further wrote, "Through some breezy strums and a sweet plaintive melody Beyonce delivers her most genuinely emotional vocal to date, equal parts vulnerable, upset, pissed off, vindictive, resigned, and apathetic." Rolling Stone ranked the song at number 60 on its list of 100 Best Songs of the 2000s. The RIAA recognized the song as the "Highest-certified Master Ringtone by a Female Artist" of the decade achieving three times multiplatinum certification
"Irreplaceable" won the award for Best R&B/Soul Single, Female, at the 2007 Soul Train Music Award, and the 'Favorite Song' award at the 2007 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in the 2008 Grammy Awards, and Song of the Year at the VH1 Soul Vibe awards. "Irreplaceable" was recognized as one of the five most-performed songs of 2007 by the ASCAP Pop Music Awards.
Commercial performance
"Irreplaceable" entered various charts worldwide, and became the most successful single released from B'Day. The single debuted on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart on November 4, 2006, at number eighty-seven. It climbed the charts rapidly because of its radio airplay, and it was the "Greatest Airplay Gainer" for six consecutive weeks by early December 2006. Three weeks after the release of "Irreplaceable", B'Day re-entered the top ten on the US Billboard 200. "Irreplaceable" reached number one on December 16, becoming Beyoncé's fourth number one single as a solo artist, and her second in 2006, following "Check on It" (2005). The single spent ten consecutive weeks at number one and was replaced by Nelly Furtado's "Say It Right" (2006) on February 24, 2007. "Irreplaceable" outperformed "Baby Boy"'s nine weeks at number one. Beyoncé's former group Destiny's Child's single "Independent Women Part I" (2000) remained at number one for eleven weeks in late 2000 and early 2001. "Irreplaceable" remained on the chart for thirty weeks, and as of December 2017, and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It was additionally certified triple platinum in July 2007, denoting sales of three million master ringtones. "Irreplaceable" peaked atop the US Radio Songs, staying atop the chart for eleven consecutive weeks.
According to Mediabase, "Irreplaceable" passed the two hundred million audience impressions mark on December 11, 2006. Another Beyoncé's single "Check on It" previously passed this mark on January 31, 2006. Consequently, Beyoncé became the second singer to achieve this in the United States, the first having been Mariah Carey whose two singles, "We Belong Together" (2005) and "Shake It Off" (2005), passed the same audience impressions mark in 2005. "Irreplaceable" was the best-performing single in the United States of 2007, topping the Billboard Top Hot 100 Hits. "Irreplaceable" installed Beyoncé at third place for most number one singles by a female songwriter, overtaking Janet Jackson and Carole King and tying Diane Warren for nine number-one singles. Beyoncé received three songwriting credits in one year, the only woman to achieve this since King in 1971 and Carey in 1991. In February 2010, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed "Irreplaceable" as the highest certified master ringtone by a female solo artist of the 2000s. By August 2011, the single had sold over three million digital downloads in the United States. Spanish version of the song "Irreemplazable" charted equally well, peaking at number four on the Hot Latin Songs. The extended play (EP) of the same title appeared on the US Latin Pop Albums at number two, Top Latin Albums at number three, Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums at number forty-one and on the Billboard 200 at number one-hundred-and-five.
"Irreplaceable" debuted at number eight on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number one, staying atop the chart for three consecutive weeks, becoming Beyoncé's first and so far only number-one single in Australia. It was certified quintuple-platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of 350,000 copies. "Irreplaceable" appeared twice on the ARIA year-end charts, reaching number twenty-three in 2006, and number forty-two in 2007. "Irreplaceable" debuted at number three on the New Zealand Singles Chart on November 6, 2006, the song's highest debut on any chart. It peaked at number one, and remained on the chart for eighteen weeks. It was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). "Irreplaceable" peaked atop the charts in Hungary and Ireland, as well; it also entered the top ten in Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Venezuela. In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart, spending twelve weeks in the top twenty and twenty-five weeks on the chart in total. It was Beyoncé's fifth longest-charting single in the United Kingdom, and spent more weeks on the chart than her number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Déjà Vu" but slightly less than more recent hit singles "If I Were a Boy", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", "Halo" and "Sweet Dreams". Due to Beyoncé's performance of "Irreplaceable" at the Glastonbury Festival 2011 on June 26, 2011, the song re-entered the top forty of the UK Singles Chart at number thirty-three, and the live version appeared at number twenty-six on the UK Singles Chart Update. According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), "Irreplaceable" was 2007's tenth best-selling digital single with over 4.6 million copies sold worldwide;
Music video
"Irreplaceable" was directed by Anthony Mandler, who co-directed the video of "Get Me Bodied". The video features the debut performance of Beyoncé's all-female band, Suga Mama, who also appeared in the "Green Light" music video. Her acting-then-ex-boyfriend in the video is model Bobby Roache, who played police officer for the "Ring the Alarm" music video and warrior during Jay-Z and Beyoncé's live performance at the 2006 Fashion Rocks show. The video was included on the 2007 B'Day Anthology Video Album, and a video edit was produced for "Irreemplazable". Part of the video which shows Beyoncé dancing in silhouette in front of a glass door is inspired by a James Bond movie. Late in January 2008, "Irreemplazable" premiered on the MiTRL, a video countdown show on the bilingual channel MTV Tr3s.
The music video follows the storyline of the song's lyrics. "She told me to pack up all my stuff, I'm getting kicked out—the video starts off like that", said Roache. It opens with Beyoncé filing her nails in silence, as her ex-partner packs up his property, as Beyoncé orders him to leave. Mid-way in the video, Beyoncé follows her then-ex-boyfriend outside the house and leans on a 2007 Jaguar XK. She appears to be pretentiously caressing him; only for the audience to find out that she is repossessing things she bought for him. He leaves her and the car, about to ride off in a taxi. Between cuts, Beyoncé manages herself in front of a mirror; putting on a lipstick, wearing huge curlers and a high-waisted skirt. There are additional beats mixed to the arrangement for the video version that can be heard, when Beyoncé sings with her all-female band, Suga Mama, towards the end. It ends with Beyoncé greeting her new boyfriend at the front door.
At the 2007 Black Entertainment Television (BET) Awards, Beyoncé won Video of the Year Award for "Irreplaceable", an award for which "Beautiful Liar" was also nominated. It was nominated for Video of the Year during the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards, but it lost to Rihanna's single, "Umbrella" (2007). At the 2007 Soul Train Music Awards, the video was nominated for the Michael Jackson Award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video, but lost to rapper (and husband) Jay-Z's "Show Me What You Got" video. The video received two nominations for Best Female Artist and Video of the Year at the 2007 MTV Australia Video Music Awards.
Live performances
Beyoncé performed "Irreplaceable" during various public appearances, including the 2006 American Music Awards, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, the Today Show.
The song was a part of Beyoncé's set list for her tour The Beyoncé Experience and I Am... World Tour. "Irreplaceable" was the closing song during her 2007 The Beyoncé Experience world tour. It was performed late in the set on earlier tour dates, but when Beyoncé embarked on the US leg, it was performed earlier in the show. Beyoncé performed "Irreplaceable" during her Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live revue.
Beyoncé has performed "Irreplaceable" without backup dancers or live instrumentation, or in another case, Beyoncé was accompanied by two drummers, two keyboardists, a percussionist, a horn section, three backup vocalists called the Mamas, and the lead guitarist, Bibi McGill. Footage of Beyoncé's performance at the Staples Center, Los Angeles was included on The Beyoncé Experience Live! DVD (2007), and the deluxe edition of I Am... World Tour (2010). According to NME, "'Irreplaceable' [at the Glastonbury Festival] sparked a mass singalong, with the crowd taking the lead on the entire first verse." Following the performance of "Irreplaceable" at the Glastonbury Festival, the song was digitally released in the UK and the US on June 27, 2011, as charity single to raise funds for Oxfam, WaterAid and Greenpeace. This version charted at number twenty-six on the UK Singles Chart Update.
Cover versions and usage in media
American band Sleigh Bells recorded an acoustic cover of the song during their Maida Vale sessions and released it Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show on March 6, 2012. A writer of Billboard magazine commented that their cover was "ethereal". Ray Rahman of Entertainment Weekly described the cover as "really good!... Krauss also has a teen-pop background thanks to her Rubyblue days, so it's actually not that surprising that she can find her away around a Top 40 single so well." However, Maura Johnston of The Village Voice gave a negative review for the cover, saying: "Krauss sighs her way through the song, turning her voice into a mew that sounds like she was trying to sing along with the radio while not being heard by her roommates or anyone else outside of a six-inch radius... Also, some of the guitar chords are a bit off.... it's sorta disappointing."
In 2007, Gregory and the Hawk and Taylor Swift each covered the song. US country band Sugarland, who performed some of Beyoncé's songs during their live shows, performed a country version of "Irreplaceable" with Beyoncé at the 2007 American Music Awards, held on November 18. Kate Nash covered "Irreplaceable" in January 2008. In November 2009, Damon Thomas of The Underdogs sang the song. Kidz Bop covered "Irreplaceable" on their eleventh studio album Kidz Bop 11 (2007). A group named Faith, consisting of Michelle Delamor, Ashley Rodriguez and Charity Vance, sang "Irreplaceable" on the 'group night' episode of ninth season of American Idol on February 10, 2010, In 2011, Canadian singer Maria Aragon, and South Korean singer G.NA, covered the song. Andy Grammer performed "Irreplaceable" on the radio station The Mix Lounge 104.1 and posted the video of his performance on his YouTube page in June 2011. During the finale of the tenth season of American Idol on May 25, 2011, the lady contestants joined together onstage to perform "Irreplaceable" along with a medley of Beyoncé's other singles. On August 26, 2013, singer Barry Southgate covered the song during the fifth season of The X Factor Australia. Giles Hardie of The Sydney Morning Herald rated his performance eight out of ten and wrote it was "a very clever song choice". In September 2013, Lily Allen covered "Irreplaceable" at a celebration party in Italy, and on June 30, 2014, Anja Nissen covered the song on the third series of The Voice Australia. In May 2007, "Irreplaceable" was used in the final scene of "When the Chickens Come Home to Roost", the final episode of the first season of the television series The Game. The series also used the song in the opening moments of its premiere episode for the second season. In 2017, Woman2Woman group from Cape Town, South Africa, did a parody on the breakfast show Expresso. Felicity Kiran, Anray Amansure and Lauren-Lee Bock originally did it as promotional video. It went viral with around 40 million views worldwide.
Track listings and formats
US Remixes – EP
"Irreplaceable" (Ralphi Rosario & Craig J Radio Mix) – 4:08
"Irreplaceable" (Ralphi Rosario & Craig J Club Mix) – 8:51
"Irreplaceable" (Ralphi Rosario Dub) – 9:27
"Irreplaceable" (Maurice Joshua Radio Mix) – 4:05
"Irreplaceable" (Maurice Joshua Club Mix) – 7:06
"Irreplaceable" (Featuring Ghostface Killah) – 4:45
"Irreplaceable" (DJ Speedy Remix) – 4:20
Australian EP "Irreplaceable" (Album Version) – 3:47
"Déjà Vu" (Freemasons Club Mix) – 8:05
"Déjà Vu" (The Remix) – 3:54
German Basic single "Irreplaceable" (Album Version) – 3:47
"Ring the Alarm" (Freemasons Club Mix Radio Edit) – 3:27
German Premium CD-single' "Irreplaceable" (Album Version) – 3:48
"Ring the Alarm" (Freemasons Club Mix Radio Edit) – 3:26
"Ring the Alarm" (Karmatronic Remix) – 3:10
"Ring the Alarm" (Tranzformas Remix featuring Collie Buddz) – 4:12
"Ring the Alarm" (Enhanced Music Video)
Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from B'Day'' liner notes.
Vocals by Beyoncé Knowles
Written and composed by Ne-Yo, Beyoncé (melodies and harmonies), Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Espen Lind and Amund Bjorklund
Produced by Stargate and Beyoncé
Co-Produced by Ne-Yo
A&R: Max Gousse (Music World Productions Inc.)
Recording by Jim Caruana
Assistant: Rob Kinelski
Mixing by Jason Goldstein
Guitars: Espen Lind
All other instruments: Eriksen and Hermansen
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
All-time charts
Certifications
Release history
See also
List of number-one singles in Australia in 2006
List of number-one singles of 2006 (Ireland)
List of number-one singles from the 2000s (New Zealand)
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2006
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007
List of number-one R&B singles of 2006 (U.S.)
List of number-one R&B singles of 2007 (U.S.)
List of number-one dance singles of 2007 (U.S.)
References
External links
2006 singles
2007 singles
Beyoncé songs
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
Music videos directed by Anthony Mandler
Number-one singles in Australia
Number-one singles in New Zealand
Number-one singles in Turkey
Song recordings produced by Stargate (record producers)
Songs written by Beyoncé
Songs written by Espen Lind
Songs written by Amund Bjørklund
Songs written by Ne-Yo
Songs written by Tor Erik Hermansen
Songs written by Mikkel Storleer Eriksen
2000s ballads
Pop ballads
Contemporary R&B ballads
Song recordings produced by Beyoncé
Songs about infidelity
2006 songs
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34044658
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Louis%20Gateway%20Film%20Critics%20Association%20Awards%202011
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St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards 2011
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8th SLGFCA Awards
December 12, 2011
Best Film:
The Artist
Best Director:
Michel Hazanavicius
The Artist
The nominees for the 8th St. Louis Film Critics Association Awards were announced on December 12, 2011.
Winners and nominees
Best Actor
George Clooney – The Descendants as Matt King
Jean Dujardin – The Artist as George Valentin
Michael Fassbender – Shame as Brandon Sullivan
Ryan Gosling – Drive as The Driver (Runner-up)
Gary Oldman – Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy as George Smiley
Brad Pitt – Moneyball as Billy Beane
Best Actress
Rooney Mara – The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Lisbeth Salander
Viola Davis – The Help as Aibileen Clarke
Elizabeth Olsen – Martha Marcy May Marlene as Martha
Saoirse Ronan – Hanna as Hanna
Meryl Streep – The Iron Lady as Margaret Thatcher (Runners-up)
Michelle Williams – My Week with Marilyn as Marilyn Monroe (Runners-up)
Best Animated Film
The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn
Kung Fu Panda 2
Puss in Boots
Rango (Runner-up)
Rio
Best Cinematography
The Artist – Guillaume Schiffman
Drive – Newton Thomas Sigel
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo – Jeff Cronenweth (Runners-up)
The Tree of Life – Emmanuel LubezkiWar Horse – Janusz Kamiński (Runners-up)
Best DirectorMichel Hazanavicius – The Artist
David Fincher – The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
Terrence Malick – The Tree of Life (Runner-up)
Alexander Payne – The Descendants
Nicolas Winding Refn – Drive
Best Documentary Film
Being Elmo: A Puppeteer's Journey
Buck
Conan O'Brien Can't Stop
The Interrupters
Tabloid (Runner-up)
Best Film
The Artist
The Descendants (Runner-up)
Drive
My Week with Marilyn
The Tree of Life
Best Comedy
Bridesmaids
Crazy, Stupid, Love
Midnight in Paris (Runner-up)
The Muppets
Paul
Rango
Best Foreign Language Film
13 Assassins (Jūsannin no Shikaku) • JapanI Saw the Devil (Akmareul boattda) • South Korea
Point Blank (À bout portant) • France
Trollhunter (Trolljegeren) • Norway
Winter in Wartime (Oorlogswinter) • Netherlands (Runner-up)
Best MusicThe Artist
Drive (Runner-up)
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
The Muppets
The Tree of Life
Best Original Screenplay
The Artist – Michel Hazanavicius50/50 – Will Reiser (Runner-up)
Hanna – Seth Lochhead and David Farr
Midnight in Paris – Woody Allen
The Tree of Life – Terrence Malick
Win Win – Tom McCarthy and Joe Tiboni
Best Adapted ScreenplayThe Descendants – Nat Faxon, Jim Rash and Alexander PayneDrive – Hossein Amini
The Help – Tate Taylor
Moneyball – Steven Zaillian and Aaron Sorkin (Runner-up)
The Muppets – Jason Segel and Nicholas Stoller
Best Supporting ActorAlbert Brooks – Drive as Bernie RoseJohn Goodman – The Artist as Al Zimmer
John Hawkes – Martha Marcy May Marlene as Patrick
Jonah Hill – Moneyball as Peter Brand
Alan Rickman – Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 as Severus Snape (Runner-up)
Best Supporting ActressBérénice Bejo – The Artist as Peppy MillerCate Blanchett – Hanna as Marissa
Jessica Chastain – The Tree of Life as Mrs. O'Brien
Octavia Spencer – The Help as Minny Jackson (Runners-up)
Shailene Woodley – The Descendants as Alexandra King (Runners-up)
Best Visual Effects
Captain America: The First AvengerHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (Runner-up)
Super 8
The Tree of Life
Best Art-House or Festival Film
Beginners
Martha Marcy May Marlene
Tucker & Dale vs Evil
We Need to Talk About Kevin
Win Win (Runner-up)
Best Scene (favorite movie scene or sequence)
The Artist: dance scene finale (Runner-up)
Drive: the elevator beating scene
Drive: opening get-away scene
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo: opening credits
Hanna: Hanna’s escape from captivity sequence
Melancholia: the last scene
References
St Louis Film Critics AwardsDaily
External links
Official website
2011
2011 film awards
2011 in Missouri
December 2011 events in the United States
St Louis
fr:7e cérémonie des St. Louis Film Critics Association Awards
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ittihad%20SC%20Aleppo%20%28men%27s%20basketball%29
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Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo (men's basketball)
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Al-Ittihad () is a major professional basketball club. It is a part of the Al-Ittihad Sports Club, which is based in Aleppo, Syria. Al-Ittihad is the second most titled basketball club with 19 Syrian League titles and 21 Syrian Cups one of the most successful basketball clubs in Syria. Al-Ahli was founded in 1951, two years after the founding of the multi-sport club and the football team.
History
The club, which was founded in 1951, is one of the most famous and popular basketball clubs in Syria. The club changed its name in 1972, its previous one, Al Ahli, being used as a club nickname.
The club's Great Era began in 1978 with the victory of the Syrian Cup and the defeat of Al Jalaa SC in the SBL final of the following 1979 season.
Al Ittihad has twice been invited to take part in the FIBA European Champions Cup (EuroLeague). The first participation was in the 1979-80 season, during which the club, led by coach Munther Shalaby, faced in Group E the KK Partizan, BC Partizani Tirana and Budapest Honvéd SE. The club was supposed to take part in the 1981–82 FIBA European Champions Cup as well, but after its beginning they withdrew from the competition.
During the 1980s, Al-Ittihad was the Syrian League's hegemon as they won every domestic competition. The club's first major success on the international stage was third place at the 1991 Arab Basketball Championships. In the following season, the club won both home titles, advanced to the finals of the Arab Championship and defeated EO La Goulette Kram. The Great Era of domestic domination ended in the 1994 season with a loss in the SBL final with the Al-Wahda.
In the 2000 season, they won their last long title in the Syrian Cup, the penultimate title in the SBL and advanced to the WABA Champions Cup. In the 2001 season, however, they finished third behind Al-Wahda and Orthodox BC.
In the 2006 season, they won their last domestic SBL title, finishing ahead of Al Jalaa SC, Al-Jaish and Al Wahda in the Final Four. In the 2007 and 2008 seasons, they participated in the WABA Cup, but without significant success.
After the outbreak of the conflict in Syria and the Battle of Aleppo, the club's operations were limited and its survival uncertain. Fortunately, the sports club managed to survive and the first big success under coach Bassel al Hamwi was the Syrian Cup victory in the 2020 season.
In the 2022 season, Al-Ittihad won the Syrian Super Cup when they defeated Al-Wahda 60:52 in the final of the competition.
Home arena
Al-Assad Sports Arena: 1978–present
Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena: 2021–present
For many years, Ittihad has used the Al-Assad Sports Arena, with a seating capacity of 3,500, to host its home games. Currently, Ittihad uses the 7,964 seat Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena for its home games.
Club rivalries
Al-Ittihad SC plays the Aleppo city derby "El Clásico" with its main rival Al-Jalaa SC.
Other urban rivals of the club are Al-Hurriya SC, Al-Yarmouk SC (Homenetmen) and Ouroube SC.
Honours
Domestic
Syrian Basketball League
Winners (19): 1979 - 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 - 1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987 - 1988 - 1989 - 1990 - 1991 - 1992 - 1993 - 1995 - 1996 - 2000 - 2006
Syrian Basketball Cup
Winners (21): 1978 - 1979 - 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 - 1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987 - 1988 - 1990 - 1991 - 1992 - 1993 - 1994 - 1995 - 1997 - 1998 - 2000 - 2020
Syrian Basketball Super Cup
Winners (1): 2021
International
WABA Champions Cup
Third place (1): 2001
Sixth place (2): 2007 - 2008
Arab Club Basketball Championship
Winners (1): 1992
Third place (1): 1991
EuroLeague
Quarter-finals: 1979
Dubai International Tournament
Third place (1): 2005
International record
Sponsorship
As of 2022:
Current roster
Squad for the 2021–2022 Syrian Basketball League season:
Notable players
Fadi El Khatib
Micheal Madanly
Head coaches
Ghassan Sarkis
Bassel Hamwi (2005–2010, 2010–2021)
Sharif Azmi (2010)
Vinko Bakić (2020–2021)
Dejan Tomić (2021–present)
Season by season
All-time records
Most Syrian Basketball Cup champions (21 championships)
References
External links
basketball.asia, Al-Ittihad
Unofficial Fan Site and Forum
Men Basketball European Champions Cup 1982
Ittihad
Sport in Aleppo
Basketball teams established in 1951
1951 establishments in Syria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Hockey%20Stadium%20%28Milton%20Keynes%29
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National Hockey Stadium (Milton Keynes)
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The National Hockey Stadium was a sports stadium in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, with a nominal capacity of around 4,000 seats: this was temporarily increased to 9,000 between 2003 and 2007. The stadium no longer exists, having been demolished and replaced by a new headquarters building for Network Rail.
The Stadium was used by England Hockey as their national stadium from 1995 to 2003 and then as a professional football stadium, first for Wimbledon F.C., then its successor club Milton Keynes Dons F.C.
In summer 2007, the Dons relocated to the Stadium mk, their new stadium near Bletchley leaving the hockey stadium without a tenant. From then until late 2009 (when demolition began in preparation for the site to be redeveloped), the ground remained unused. In July 2012, the new Network Rail headquarters on the site became operational.
Hockey
The stadium was built in 1995 as a new national field hockey stadium, with a synthetic pitch. The ground was used for national and international (field) hockey until 2003. It had a covered main stand running the full length of one side of the pitch, opposite which was an unroofed stand running about one third of the length of the pitch, straddling the halfway line.
In 1997, the stadium was used as the venue for the sixth edition of the FIH Men's Junior World Cup. It was also the venue, in 2000, for the FIH Women's Qualifying Tournament for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.
In 2003, when the ground was leased to Wimbledon F.C., a grass pitch was laid, meaning that the stadium was out of commission for hockey. Temporary stands were added at either end of the pitch. Hockey internationals and playoff matches were reallocated to various leading club grounds around the country. In May 2007, at the end of the lease, the temporary stands were removed.
On 2 April 2007 the trustees of the National Hockey Foundation, which owned the lease of the stadium, announced that they had arranged to hand the lease back to English Partnerships since a detailed study had shown that the stadium would no longer be viable as a hockey venue particularly in light of the building of another hockey facility in Stratford, London, as part of the 2012 Olympics facilities.
Football
The stadium was the home of Wimbledon Football Club from September 2003 until June 2004 and, after the club's rebranding, of Milton Keynes Dons until May 2007. The club moved in during 2003, converted the synthetic pitch to grass and added additional stands and seating (with up to 9,000 seats). In July 2007 the club moved to its new Stadium mk at Denbigh North, near Bletchley, prior to the start of the 2007–08 season.
Record attendance at the National Hockey Stadium:
8,306 v Tottenham Hotspur
League Cup 3rd Round, 25 October 2006.
Average Attendance
At the National Hockey Stadium:
2006–2007: 6,034 (League Two)
2005–2006: 5,776 (League One)
2004–2005: 4,896 (League One)
Demolition
After the Dons left for Denbigh, the supplementary seating was disassembled, returning the capacity to 4,000. However, the venue was not used notably thereafter.
At end of October 2008, English Partnerships (owners of the site) announced agreement with Network Rail to make the site available for a new headquarters building, which meant that the stadium would be demolished.
On 17 December 2009, demolition of the stadium began and the site was cleared by March 2010. Quadrant:MK opened in June 2012.
Location
The stadium was just beside railway station, near the A509 exit from the A5.
Coordinates: /
References
Buildings and structures in Milton Keynes
Sport in Milton Keynes
Sports venues in Buckinghamshire
Wimbledon F.C.
Milton Keynes Dons F.C.
Defunct football venues in England
Field hockey venues in England
Sports venues completed in 1995
Sports venues demolished in 2010
English Football League venues
Demolished sports venues in the United Kingdom
1995 establishments in England
2010 disestablishments in England
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56368995
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/86th%20Rifle%20Corps
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86th Rifle Corps
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The 86th Rifle Corps () was a rifle corps of the Red Army and later the Soviet Army.
Formed in 1943 as part of the 36th Army of the Transbaikal Front, the corps spent the next two years as a garrison unit.
World War II
In recognition of its crossing of the Greater Khingan mountains, the corps received the honorific Khingan in late 1945.
Postwar
After the end of the war, the corps became part of the Transbaikal–Amur Military District along with the rest of the 36th Army. It was headquartered at Tsugol, Chita Oblast from late 1945 with Military Unit Number 68613 and included the 36th Motor Rifle and 94th Rifle Divisions. The 36th Division became a regular rifle division in June 1946. On 10 July 1947, the military district was reorganized into the Transbaikal Military District with its headquarters formed from the 36th Army headquarters. The 86th Corps headquarters was used to form a new headquarters for the 36th Army in Tsugol. On 2 July 1955, the corps was renumbered as the 26th Rifle Corps before being disbanded on 18 May 1956. Both the 36th and 94th Divisions were disbanded around the same time.
Commanders
The following officers are known to have commanded the corps:
Major General Vasily Viktorov (1 August 1943–3 April 1944)
Major General Vladimir Akimov (4 April–6 December 1944)
Major General Vasily Burmasov (7 December 1944–3 April 1945)
Major General Grigory Revunenkov (4 April 1945–March 1947)
Lieutenant General Ivan Kravtsov (March 1947–July 1950)
Major General Mikhail Yagodin (July 1950–6 May 1952)
Major General (promoted to Lieutenant General 8 August 1955) Ivan Kalyuzhny (6 May 1952–18 May 1956)
References
Citations
Bibliography
Rifle corps of the Soviet Union
Military units and formations established in 1943
Military units and formations disestablished in 1955
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide%20Fire%20Station
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Adelaide Fire Station
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Adelaide Fire Station is a fire station located in Adelaide, the state capital of South Australia.
It was designed by architects Rod Roach and Woodhead Australia, it is notable "for its innovative design is an outstanding example of postmodern architecture", it was designed and built during 1976 to 1983.
The complex includes auxiliary buildings and a concrete training tower.
It was listed on the South Australian Heritage Register on 16 September 2015.
See also
List of fire stations
Timeline of Adelaide history, which mentions large fires, including one across from a predecessor fire station
References
External links
Official webpage
Fire stations in South Australia
Buildings and structures in Adelaide
Government buildings in South Australia
South Australian Heritage Register
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62752220
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201989%20Summer%20Universiade%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20400%20metres
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Athletics at the 1989 Summer Universiade – Women's 400 metres
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The women's 400 metres event at the 1989 Summer Universiade was held at the Wedaustadion in Duisburg with the final on 25, 26, and 27 August 1989.
Medalists
Results
Heats
Semifinals
Final
References
Athletics at the 1989 Summer Universiade
1989
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56723541
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20Hong%20Kong%20Masters
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1984 Hong Kong Masters
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The 1984 Camus Hong Kong Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament held in Hong Kong in September 1984.
Steve Davis won the tournament, defeating Doug Mountjoy 4–2 in the final.
Main draw
References
Hong Kong Masters
Hong Kong Masters
Hong Kong Masters
Hong Kong Masters
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49364097
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarillo%20%28Better%20Call%20Saul%29
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Amarillo (Better Call Saul)
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"Amarillo" is the third episode of the second season of the AMC television series Better Call Saul, the spinoff series of Breaking Bad. The episode aired on February 29, 2016 on AMC in the United States. Outside of the United States, the episode premiered on streaming service Netflix in several countries.
Plot
Opening
In Amarillo, Texas, Jimmy bribes a Sandpiper bus driver to fake a breakdown, which allows Jimmy to sign up residents as plaintiffs for the lawsuit while technically complying with bar association rules against direct solicitation.
Main story
Jimmy presents his outreach report at a Hamlin, Hamlin & McGill-Davis & Main strategy conference and announces he has obtained 24 more plaintiffs. Chuck expresses suspicion, pointing out there were few responses to the notices the attorneys mailed to Sandpiper residents. Jimmy claims that in retirement homes news spreads quickly by word of mouth, which satisfies everyone but Kim. She warns Jimmy to operate ethically, since she recommended him to D&M and his actions reflect on her.
Jimmy finds that mailed notices to Sandpiper residents are not successful because residents ignore them or Sandpiper staff intercepts their mail, so he suggests filming a television ad. Cliff is intrigued and promises to discuss it after returning from a business trip. Jimmy views an ad previously used by D&M and finds it lacks "showmanship."
Jimmy hires the camera crew he previously used and films an ad of his own. He decides to run it without the firm's approval and contacts a station in Colorado Springs, where only two Sandpiper residents responded to the mailings. The commercial is a success, and D&M gains over a hundred new plaintiffs in a single day. Cliff is furious to discover that Jimmy ran the ad without permission.
Stacey voices concern to Mike about gunshots she heard in her neighborhood over the past two nights. Mike does overnight surveillance without Stacey's knowledge and finds the "gunshots" were apparently the sound of early morning newspaper deliveries hitting the sidewalk. Stacey calls Mike later in the morning and says there were more gunshots the night before. He visits her house and she points out a chip in an outside wall which she insists is from a bullet. Rather than argue, Mike tells Stacey he will help her move out of the neighborhood.
Dr. Caldera offers Mike a lucrative job as a loan shark’s enforcer, which he declines. Caldera points out that if Mike wants "next level pay", he must be willing to do "next level work." Mike later receives a call from Caldera, who tells him about a job offer with a client who specifically requested Mike. Mike meets the client, who is revealed to be Nacho.
Reception
Ratings
Upon airing, the episode received 2.20 million American viewers, and an 18–49 rating of 1.0.
Critical reception
Terri Schwartz of IGN gave the episode an 8.5 rating, writing "Better Call Saul is right for leaning into the sense of dread its existence creates, and it does a great job of using that to its advantage in 'Amarillo'." Nicholas Parco of the New York Daily News wrote, "'Amarillo' sets up two important scenarios moving forward: McGill will deal with the fallout of his cleverness, for the first time at Davis & Main, while Ehrmantraut is about to enter the underworld of Albuquerque, on Nacho's behalf."
Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club gave the episode an A- rating, writing, "as season 2 hits its stride, Gilligan and Gould are doubling down on their radical narrative strategy of simplicity. Characters pause before they make decisions. The small and finite set of contexts and causes impinging on them is clearly delineated. Consequences proceed directly from actions. And at the end of every episode, Jimmy and Mike, the protagonists of the only two plotlines, have moved a few spaces along a game board whose finish line is already set, and we know exactly what to anticipate the next time we see them."
Notes
References
External links
"Amarillo" at AMC
Better Call Saul (season 2) episodes
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17580366
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20House
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High House
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High House may refer to:
in England
Ancient High House, Stafford
High House, Purfleet
in the United States
High House (Denver, Colorado), a Denver Landmark
High House (Delaware, Ohio), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Delaware County
High House (Paris, Texas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Lamar County
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6036925
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Dshi%20Ryokan
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Hōshi Ryokan
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is a ryokan (Japanese traditional inn) founded in 718 in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It has been owned and managed by the Hoshi family for forty-six generations and was thought to be the oldest operating hotel in the world until Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan, founded in 705, claimed that title.
See also
Three Ancient Springs
List of oldest companies
References
External links
Official website in English
Official website in Japanese
Short documentary about Houshi from 2014
Buildings and structures completed in 718
Hotels in Japan
Tourist attractions in Ishikawa Prefecture
Buildings and structures in Ishikawa Prefecture
Henokiens companies
8th-century establishments in Japan
Komatsu, Ishikawa
Companies established in the 8th century
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38390763
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.O.A.D.%20Entertainment
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R.O.A.D. Entertainment
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R.O.A.D. Entertainment is a British multinational entertainment company headquartered in London, UK with operations specialising in the Entertainment and Training sectors of music, television, publishing, telecommunications / Internet and video games industries.
History
2006, Chocolate Label an independent recording company was founded by Teriy Keys. In 2009 co-chief executive officer; Teriy Keys signed a joint venture incorporating global entertainment company, R.O.A.D. Group Global. (see acronym: Righteous Organised Always Determined)
R.O.A.D. Group is primarily made up of three core subsidiaries – R.O.A.D. Music & Management, R.O.A.D. Media Television and R.O.A.D. Academy CIC.
R.O.A.D. Academy is a registered CIC Community Interest Company which works with NEETs which is a government acronym for people currently "not in education, employment, or training" targeting people aged between 16 and 24. He also currently serves as the Academic administration of R.O.A.D. Academy CIC PLC.
R.O.A.D. Academy win award for 'Outstanding Contribution to Arts and the Community' at Greater London Authority event present but the Mayor of Haringey Mayor Councillor Kaushika Amin
Artists
Signed artists
Releases
Studio album
References
British record labels
American record labels
Music publishing companies of the United Kingdom
Record labels established in 2009
Sony Music
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4119091
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concours%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral
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Concours général
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In France, the Concours Général is the most prestigious academic competition held every year between students of Première (11th grade) and Terminale (12th and final grade) in almost all subjects taught in both general, technological and professional high schools. Exams usually take place in March, and their results are known in June or July. Students who show great ability in one field are selected to participate by their teachers and their school principal. Most of the time, no more than one student per high school is allowed to participate in the competition, which requires strong knowledge of college level topics (Some "elite" high schools sometimes depart from this rule, presenting dozens of students, such as the Lycée Louis-Le-Grand, or the Lycée Henri IV in Paris). In the humanities and social sciences, the exams involve one or more essays and last 6 hours. In the sciences, the exams last almost as long and are problem-based.
In a given subject, up to 18 awards can be given:
up to 3 Prizes. A student winning a prize takes part in a ceremony held in the main amphitheatre of the Sorbonne University, where they are given the diploma and congratulated by the Minister of Education and members of the government.
up to 5 Accessits
up to 10 Regional awards
A student who wins any of the above is called a "lauréat du Concours Général". In Mathematics, the "Lauréat" is invited to a series of conferences at the Institute Poincaré and is usually selected to attend the Clay Institute summer school of science.
Current list of subjects
Students of 11th grade only (all series):
French
History
Geography
Latin-French translation (version latine)
French-Latin translation (thème latin)
Greek-French translation (version grecque)
Students of both 11th and 12th grades:
Plastic arts
Music
Students of 12th grade (General High Schools):
In light of the Réforme des lycées, which went into effect with the class of 2021, students now participate in the Concours associated with one or both of their two specialized subjects. Philosophy is open to all, but is no longer separated into two exams for scientific and economic students, and literary students.
Philosophy
Mathematics
Physics and Chemistry
Biology and Geology
Engineering
Economics
Language exams:
Arabic
Chinese (from 2007)
English
German
Hebrew
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish
Russian
Students of technological and professional high schools usually attempt their main subject.
Alumni
The Concours Général was created in 1744, so being a lauréat of the Concours général is a very prestigious award for any high school student. Many well-known French scientists, artists, literary figures and entrepreneurs have won the Concours Général in one or even several subjects. Such names include: Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune, Antoine Lavoisier, Camille Desmoulins, Augustin Louis Cauchy, Émile Littré, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Alfred de Musset, Urbain Le Verrier, Charles Baudelaire, Edmond de Goncourt, Marcelin Berthelot, Hippolyte Taine, Fustel de Coulanges, Émile Boutroux, Paul Bourget, Henri Poincaré, Jean Jaurès, Benoît Van Keer, Paul Painlevé, André Suarès, Léon Blum, Fernand Gregh, Charles Péguy, Jérome Carcopino, André Maurois, Maurice Couve de Murville, Edgar Faure, Maurice Schumann, Roger Nimier, Laurent Schwartz, Charles Alexandre de Calonne, Maximilien de Robespierre, André Chénier, Jules Michelet, Victor Hugo, Auguste Blanqui, Charles Forbes René de Montalembert, Évariste Galois, Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale, Louis Pasteur, Edmond About, Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol, Sadi Carnot, Émile Faguet, Jules Lemaitre, Henri Bergson, Alexandre Millerand, Émile Chartier (Alain), Maurice Denis, Édouard Herriot, Alfred Jarry, André Tardieu, Jean Giraudoux, Jules Romains, René Huyghe, Georges Pompidou, Antoine Blondin, Louis Néel, Valérie Mangin, Yves Meyer, Jean-Pierre Serre, Emmanuel Farhi.
See also
International Science Olympiad
External links
Alumni Association
Education in France
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1954207
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Cook
|
Arthur Cook
|
Arthur Cook may refer to:
Arthur Bernard Cook (1868–1952), British classical scholar
A. J. Cook (trade unionist) (1883–1931), British coal miner and trade union leader
Arthur Cook (sport shooter) (born 1928), U.S. Olympic sport shooter
Arthur Cook (cricketer) (1889-1970), South African cricketer
Arthur Cook (footballer) (1890–?), footballer for Swansea Town and West Bromwich Albion
Arthur Cook (labourer) (1885–1943), New Zealand labourer and trade unionist
Arthur Cook (New Zealand politician) (1886–1943), New Zealand politician
Arthur Cook (Australian politician) (1883–1945), Australian politician
Arthur Leonard Cook (born 1912), Australian boxer
Arthur Cook (Pennsylvania), Speaker of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly in 1689
See also
Arthur Coke Burnell (1840–1882), pronounced Arthur Cook Burnell, English scholar of Sanskrit
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32689823
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temnora%20masungai
|
Temnora masungai
|
Temnora masungai is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known to inhabit the country of Tanzania.
References
Endemic fauna of Tanzania
Temnora
Moths described in 2009
Insects of Tanzania
Moths of Africa
vi:Temnora mirabilis
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46596371
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelastrea%20aspera
|
Coelastrea aspera
|
Coelastrea aspera is a species of stony coral in the family Merulinidae. It is a colonial species native to the Indo-Pacific region where it occurs in shallow water. It was first described by the American zoologist Addison Emery Verrill in 1866 as Goniastrea aspera but it has since been determined that it should be in a different genus and its scientific name has been changed to Coelastrea aspera. This is a common species throughout much of its wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Description
Colonies of Coelastrea aspera are either encrusting or massive. The surface has a honeycomb-like appearance, the corallites being cerioid (several polyps sharing a common wall) in arrangement, deep and angular, with thick, straight walls. The septa are even, with long and short septa alternating in larger corallites. Budding is usually intratentacular (inside the ring of tentacles). The paliform lobes, visible through the tissues, are large and broad in protected environments but much smaller in colonies occupying exposed positions.
On intertidal flat rocks, several colonies in close proximity may form a level expanse several metres across. The general colour of this coral is usually pale brown and the oral discs may be a contrasting colour, often cream.
Distribution
Coelastrea aspera is native to the Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends from Madagascar and the Red Sea, through the Indian Ocean to Australia, Indonesia, Japan and the East China Sea, and the western and central Pacific Ocean. It occurs on reef flats, on reef slopes and in lagoons, at depths down to about .
Ecology
Coelastrea aspera is a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Packets of eggs and sperm are normally released into the water column and, being buoyant, rise to the surface. Here the packets break up and cross-fertilisation can take place with gametes from different colonies intermixing. The larvae remain near the surface for a few days. In a rather different forms of sexual reproduction, it has been found that on some occasions, the eggs and developing larvae are brooded in the maternal polyps. Some individual colonies have even been seen adopting both breeding strategies at the same time in different parts of the colony.
C. aspera is a zooxanthelate coral. In its tissues it contains symbiotic unicellular photosynthetic organisms that provide nutrients and energy for the coral host. The coral in return provides a protective environment and a supply of carbon dioxide for the zooxanthellae. Under conditions of stress, usually high water temperature or excessive solar radiation, the coral expels some or all of these symbionts, a condition known as coral bleaching. In Thailand in 1995, in a reef flat dominated by C. aspera, there was a mass bleaching event caused by high water temperatures. Researchers found that the east side of each coral was bleached while the west side was unaffected. They hypothesized that the corals "remembered" a previous bleaching event caused by solar radiation and had built in some defences on the affected side. In 2000, they detached a number of colonies and rotated them through 180°, and when a further severe bleaching event occurred in 2010, the researchers took samples to assess the number of zooxanthellae present on each side of these corals and in controls. They found that the rotated corals had significantly higher levels (four times as many) of zooxanthellae in the affected areas than unrotated corals. This demonstrated that the previously affected areas had developed coping strategies and had a "memory" of at least ten years.
References
Merulinidae
Corals described in 1866
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
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16965100
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th%20Canadian%20Infantry%20Brigade
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7th Canadian Infantry Brigade
|
The 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the Canadian Army that fought during World War I and World War II. The brigade, along with the 8th Canadian Infantry Brigade and the 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade, formed the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division. The division was formed in late 1915 in France, and served on the Western Front until the armistice in November 1918. Later, during World War II, it arrived in the United Kingdom in 1940 and spent three years in garrison duties and training in preparation for the assault landings on Juno Beach in Normandy on 6 June 1944. After fighting in Normandy, the brigade took part in the Battle of the Scheldt. After the war, it served on occupation duties until being disbanded in June 1946.
Formation
World War I
The Royal Canadian Regiment: December 1915 – 11 November 1918;
Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry: 24 December 1915 – 11 November 1918;
42nd (Royal Highlanders) Battalion Canadian Infantry: December 1915 – 11 November 1918;
49th (Edmonton) Battalion Canadian Infantry: December 1915 – 11 November 1918.
World War II
1st Battalion, Royal Winnipeg Rifles, Lieutenant-Colonel J.M. Meldram
1st Battalion, Regina Rifle Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel F.M. Matheson
1st Battalion, Canadian Scottish Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel F.N. Cabeldu
7th Infantry Brigade Ground Defence Platoon (Lorne Scots)
History
World War I
Formed from excess Canadian soldiers in depots in France, the 7th Brigade was formed as part of the 3rd Canadian Division in late 1915. Its first major action came around Mount Sorrell in June 1916, after which it fought in most of the battles that the Canadians took part in until the armistice in November 1918. The brigade's first commander was Brigadier General Archibald Macdonell. It had four infantry battalions, of which one (Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry) had previous trench warfare experience, while the other three were freshly raised. The brigade was supported by a machine gun company and a trench mortar battery.
World War II
Formed in late 1940, the 7th Brigade was assigned to the 3rd Division. Consisting of three infantry battalions, it embarked for the United Kingdom in August 1941, arriving in September. After this, the brigade spent three years undertaking garrison duties and training. Its first combat assignment would come on 6 June 1944, when it was assigned to carry out the assault on Juno Beach.
Juno Beach, D-Day
Juno Beach was five miles wide and stretched on either side of Courseulles-sur-Mer. The 3rd Canadian Infantry Division was the assault division, along with the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade under command to provide armoured support for the infantry assault brigades. The 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade, commanded by Brigadier Harry Wickwire Foster, had been selected to take part in the initial assault. They would land on the left hand side of the beach, supported by the 6th Armoured Regiment (1st Hussars). During the assault the Regina Rifles would land at Courseulles which had the code name Nan Green beach, the Royal Winnipeg Rifles would land on the western edge of Courseulles, which had the code names Mike Red beach and Mike Green beach.
In the first hour of the assault on Juno Beach, the Canadian forces suffered approximately 50% casualty rates, comparable to those suffered by the Americans at Omaha Beach. Once the Canadians cleared the seawall (about an hour after leaving the landing craft transports) they started to advance quickly inland and had a much easier time subduing the German defences than the Americans at Omaha had. By noon, the entire 3rd Canadian Division was ashore and leading elements had pushed several kilometres inland to seize bridges over the Seulles River. By 6 pm they had captured the town of Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer. By the end of D-Day the elements of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division had penetrated farther into France than any other Allied force, though counter-attacks by two German armoured divisions would stop any further movement for several weeks.
Of the first day, Graves writes: None of the assault divisions, including 3rd Canadian Division, had managed to secure their D-Day objectives, which lay inland, although the Canadians came closer than any other Allied formation. By the end of the next day, the Canadian forces had linked up with the British forces that had landed at Sword Beach.
Battle of Normandy
On 8 June, SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 26 under command of SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer Wilhelm Mohnke arrived on the battlefield. Their orders were to drive over the Canadians and force a deep wedge between them and the British division to the west.
The attack, launched at 03:30 but had little initial success. The various companies in the attacking 12th SS Panzer Division failed to co-ordinate their moves towards the Canadians, and, despite heavy casualties during repeated attempts by the infantry, Canadian artillery and supporting heavy machine guns of the Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa took a heavy toll on each attacking company of SS troops. The Regina Rifle Regiment held their ground and the I Battalion fell back.
On the Canadian right the II Battalion attacked the Royal Winnipeg Rifles defending the village of Putot-en-Bessin. The battalion managed to break into the village and surround several companies, effectively pushing the Winnipegs out of the village, inflicting 256 casualties – of which 175 were taken prisoner. A counter-attack launched at 20:30 by the Canadian Scottish Regiment, however, regained Putot-en-Bessin, and the II Battalion withdrew and dug in south of the village. Following the battle SS-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 12 deployed to the west of Mohnke's regiment and, by the evening of 8 June the division, while having failed in its assignment to drive the Canadians into the sea, had effectively halted the units of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division, in the Allied advance on Caen.
Spending much of the next four weeks in static positions, the division participated in the battles to capture Caen in early July, known as Operation Charnwood, followed by Operation Totalize and Operation Tractable and the battles around Verrières Ridge, during the rest of the month. The brigade then took part in the pursuit across France, and clearing the Channel ports, most notably Boulogne, Calais and Cape Gris Nez.
Battle of the Scheldt: Operation Switchback
The second main operation of the Battle of the Scheldt opened with fierce fighting to reduce the Breskens pocket. Here, the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division encountered tenacious German resistance as they fought to cross the Leopold Canal. It was decided that the best place for an assault would be immediately east of where the two canals divided: a narrow strip of dry ground only a few hundred metres wide at its base beyond the Leopold Canal (described as a long triangle with its base on the Maldegem-Aardenburg road and its apex near the village of Moershoofd some five kilometres east).
A two-pronged assault commenced. 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade made the initial assault across the Leopold Canal, while the 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade mounted an amphibious attack from the northern or coastal side of the pocket. The assault began on October 6, supported by extensive artillery and Canadian-built Wasp Universal Carriers, which were equipped with flamethrowers. The Wasps launched their barrage of flame across the Leopold Canal, allowing the 7th Brigade troops to scramble up over the steep banks and launch their assault boats. Two precarious, separate footholds were established, but the enemy recovered from the shock of the flamethrowers and counter-attacked, though they were unable to move the Canadians from their extremely vulnerable bridgeheads. By October 9, the gap between the bridgeheads was closed, and by early morning on October 12, a position had been gained across the Aardenburg road.
The 3rd Division fought additional actions to clear German troops from the towns of Breskens, Oostburg, Zuidzande and Cadzand, as well as the coastal fortress Fort Frederik Hendrik. Operation Switchback ended on November 3 when the First Canadian Army liberated the Belgian towns of Knokke and Zeebrugge, officially closing the Breskens Pocket and eliminating all German forces south of the Scheldt. After spending three months in static positions in the Nijmegen Salient, the division engaged in fierce combat once more in February. Fighting once again through flooded terrain, the brigade helped clear the last German positions west of the Rhine. The brigade fought on into Germany and were ordered to suspend operations on 4 May 1945.
Occupation duties and disbandment
It was disbanded in November 1945, but duplicated and re-raised for occupation duties in Germany. These came to an end when the brigade was disbanded along with the rest of the 3rd Division in June 1946.
See also
Military history of Canada during the Second World War
Military history of Canada
Canadian Forces
References
Further reading
Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War Volume III, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, Colonel C.P. Stacey. Queen's Printer, Ottawa. 1966.
Juno: Canadians at D-Day June 6, 1944, Ted Barris, National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication, 2004.
Maple Leaf Route: Caen, Terry Copp and Robert Vogel, Maple Leaf Route, 1994.
Six Armies in Normandy, John Keegan, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, 1982.
Bloody Victory: Canadians and the D-Day Campaign, J.L. Granatstein and Desmond Morton, Toronto: Lestor, 1994.
Battle Diary: From D-Day and Normandy to the Zuider Zee and VE, Charles Cromwell Martin, Dundurn Press Toronto & Oxford, 1994.
Ready for the Fray: The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment, R.H. Roy, Evergreen Press, Vancouver, 1958.
Vanguard: The Fort Garry Horse in The Second World War, The Fort Garry Horse Museum and Archives, Hignell Printing Ltd, 1995.
The History of the 1st Battalion Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (MG), Lieutenant Colonel Richard M. Ross, O.B.E., Runge Press Limited, Ottawa 1946.
An Historical Account of the 7th Canadian Reconnaissance Regiment, Capt. Walter G. Pavey, Copyright 1948 by 7th Canadian Reconnaissance Regiment, Montreal, 1995.
The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps, John Marteinson & Micahael McNorgan, Royal Canadian Armoured Corps Assoc, 2000.
The History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers, A.J. Kerry & W.A. McDill, Military Engineers Association of Canada, 1966.
Brigades of the Canadian Army
Canadian World War I brigades
Canadian World War II brigades
Infantry brigades of the Canadian Army
Military units and formations of Canada in World War II
Royal Winnipeg Rifles
The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
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