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4324411
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidjiguiti%20massacre
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Pidjiguiti massacre
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The Pidjiguiti massacre (also spelled Pijiguiti) was an incident that took place on 3 August 1959 at the Port of Bissau's Pijiguiti docks in Bissau, Portuguese Guinea. Dock workers went on strike, seeking higher pay, but a manager called the PIDE, the Portuguese state police, who fired into the crowd, killing at least 25 people. The government blamed the revolutionary group African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), arresting several of its members. The incident caused PAIGC to abandon their campaign of nonviolent resistance, leading to the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence in 1963.
Background
In the 1950s, the Portuguese conglomerate Companhia União Fabril controlled much of the commerce on the Pijiguiti docks through a subsidiary called Casa Gouveia. Although the Portuguese colonial government had enacted a number of reforms in these years to try and quell the growing anti-colonial and pro-independence sentiments in the region, low wages and poor working conditions still served as catalysts for social unrest.
The first major dock-workers' strike by employees of Casa Gouveia occurred on 6 March 1956. On this occasion, the Portuguese security forces and PIDE (political police) were ordered not to use force against the striking workers, presumably to avoid escalating the conflict. The workers, realizing this development, attempted to take the docks by force, and police reinforcements were required. Arrests were eventually made, but the episode left the police humiliated.
The 1956 strike was overall unsuccessful, and wages remained extremely low. The continued growing unrest among the port workers was evident even to high-ranking colonial officials, including Army Under-Secretary of State Francisco da Costa Gomes who remarked in late 1958 that a dock-workers' revolt was likely and advised the governor to grant the wage demands of the workers in the interest of stability. This advice, however, was never acted upon.
Preparations for another strike were organized in late July 1959, with workers meeting under the quay palm trees to discuss the specifics. Indeed, Amílcar Cabral sometimes referred to the incident as "the massacre of Pijiguiti Quay".
Massacre
On the morning of 3 August, the dock-workers were set to meet with Antonio Carreira, the manager of Casa Gouveia, to negotiate their wage increase. They had decided beforehand to stop working altogether at 3 o'clock in the afternoon should their demands not be met. The meeting did not prove fruitful, and the workers ceased their labour as planned. Carreira summoned the PIDE who arrived around 4 o'clock and demanded the workers resume their work. The strikers refused, and proceeded to barricade themselves in by closing the gates to the quay. Brandishing oars and harpoons, the strikers armed themselves in an attempt to deter the police from rushing in.
The police, rather than risk defeat in open combat, opened fire on the striking workers, even throwing grenades. The workers had nowhere to run, and a number were killed within about 5 minutes. A few managed to escape via the water in their own boats, but the majority of them were pursued and arrested, or shot dead in the water. Between 25–50 workers died at the scene, along with many more wounded.
News of the massacre spread quickly, and members of the revolutionary group PAIGC arrived on the scene quickly. The PAIGC were aware of the strike plans, and had endorsed the maneuver as an act of civil resistance against the colonial government. The PIDE quickly arrested PAIGC members, including Carlos Correia. The PAIGC's involvement gave the colonial authorities a convenient scapegoat on which to lay the blame for the unrest.
Aftermath
The authorities blamed the PAIGC of fomenting discontent among the workers, and the party's supporters had to rethink long range strategies for achieving their goals. In September 1959 Cabral and several PAIGC members met in Bissau and decided nonviolent protest in the city would not bring about change. They concluded that the only hope for achieving independence was through armed struggle. This was the initial point in a 11-year armed struggle (1963–1974) in Portuguese Guinea that pitted 10,000 Soviet bloc-supported PAIGC soldiers against 35,000 Portuguese and African troops, and would eventually lead to independence in Cape Verde and all of Portuguese Africa after the Carnation Revolution coup of 1974 in Lisbon.
Commemoration
The day of the massacre, 3 August, is a public day of remembrance in Guinea-Bissau.
Near the docks, there is now a large black fist known as the Hand of Timba which was erected as a memorial to those killed.
References
External links
Luís Cabral: Crónica da Libertação (Lisboa: O Jornal. 1984. 65–73) – excerpts, commented by A. Marques Lopes
Mário Dias: Pidjiguiti: comentando a versão do Luís Cabral — commentaries and historical corrections to Luís Cabral's "Crónica da Libertação"
Efemérides — Pidjiguiti, violenta repressão em Bissau — extracts of a text by Josep Sanchez Cervelló, in "Guerra Colonial" — Aniceto Afonso, Matos Gomes
Mário Dias: Os acontecimentos de Pindjiguit em 1959 (republished, with commentaries by Luís Graça). 21 February 2006
Guerra na Guiné – Os Leões Negros: 1959 – Pidjiguiti
Leopoldo Amado: Simbologia de Pindjiguiti na óptica libertária da Guiné-Bissau (Part I, Part II, Part III) February 2005
See also
Portuguese Colonial War
1959 in Portuguese Guinea
Mass murder in 1959
Conflicts in 1959
August 1959 events
History of Guinea-Bissau
Massacres in Guinea-Bissau
Bissau
Massacres in the 1950s
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64799595
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blagove%C5%A1tenje%20Monastery
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Blagoveštenje Monastery
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Blagoveštenje Monastery () is a Serbian Orthodox monastery in Ovčar-Kablar Gorge in Central Serbia.
Establishment
The date of establishment is subject of dispute because some authors believe it was established in 12th century while some authors point to 13th century. The first written records about the monastery are from 13th century.
The monastery consists of monastic church dedicated to Annunciation and several monastic residences and secondary objects that surrounds the church in elliptical shape, while the monastery is surrounded by tall stone walls on the Western and Southern side. The inscription above Western entrance of the monastic church says that it was built in 1602 by hegumen Nikifor and other members of monastic fraternity.
History
The first book printed in Belgrade, Gundulić's Four Gospels (), is kept in the treasury of the Monastery Blagoveštenje. It was printed in the Belgrade printing house in 1552. The Government of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia planned to evacuate most important manuscripts and old books and journals from former building of the National Library of Serbia to Blagoveštenje and packed all of them into 150 crates, but decision of Minister of Education Miloš Trifunović from 3 April 1941 canceled the evacuation.
During Užice Republic the Communists led by Josip Broz Tito confiscated 200 hectares of land owned by the monastery and gave it to poor people.
In 1948 the former Serbian Patriarch Pavle received monastic vows in the Monastery Blagoveštenje.
See also
List of Serb Orthodox monasteries
References
Sources
Further reading
Serbian Orthodox monasteries in Serbia
Architecture of Serbia
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51727552
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Llu%C3%AFsa%20Borr%C3%A0s%20i%20Gonz%C3%A0lez
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Maria Lluïsa Borràs i Gonzàlez
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Maria Lluïsa Borràs i González (Barcelona, 1 February 1931 – Palafrugell, 23 January 2010), doctorate in Art History from the Universitat de Barcelona, was a writer, critic, exhibition curator and specialist in the avant-garde and Dadaism.
"The critic is not a judge, but a bridge between artist and audience". –Maria Lluïsa Borràs–
Education
She initially received a bachelor's degree in Humanities and Semantics from the Universitat de Barcelona. Several years later, in 1963, a Ford Foundation Award to participate in the Young Artist Project of the International Institute of Education in New York allowed her to reside in the United States and study contemporary art at the New School, as well as become familiar with North American contemporary art. She received her doctorate in art history in 1973 with a dissertation on Francis Picabia.
Professional career
CLUB COBALTO 49
From 1964 on she was in charge of the administration of Club Cobalto 49, and was soon collaborating with its founder, Joan Prats, -stimulating avant-garde art's promoter in Catalonia- in the third stage of visual books Fotoscop (1966-1979), as author of seven volumes of the collection. She made in two occasions also the photos: for the volumes "Domènech i Montaner, arquitecto del modernismo", and "Sert, arquitectura mediterrània".
JOAN MIRÓ
Between 1969 and 1973, she acted as secretary to Joan Miró. Together with Joan Prats i Francesc Vicenç, she was the driving force behind the creation of the Fundació Miró, for which she was the general director from 1971-1975 and on the board of trustees, as well as the executive board, as she would later be at the Fundacó Joan Brossa, both positions of which were designated by the express desire of the artists based on her friendship and commitment.
TEACHING
She taught at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona from 1969 to 1974, where she collaborated in the creation of the first art department, giving classes in contemporary art history, and art theory. She thinks up as well a new course: analysis and criticism of art work. She was also a teacher at Eina school of design.
She directed the art history section at Salvat publishing house, compiling encyclopedias and art histories in collaboration with Francesc Vicenç, Vicente Maestre and Eduard Carbonell between 1967 and 1973.
In 1985 she published and extensive monography on Picabia, fruit of ten years' research, based upon her dissertation, which was translated and published in four languages and received the Premi de la Crítica, so becoming a reference book on the artist.
WRITING, RESEARCH AND NEW TRENDS
Dedicated to the study and promotion of contemporary art, she wrote texts and essays for several foreign, as well as Catalan, publications such as Canigó and Destino from 1968 to 1973, where she stood up for all types of contemporary artistic manifestations, giving special attention to all the happenings celebrated throughout the world. She collaborated in the art page of La Vanguardia for 30 years, from 1977 to 2002, and from 1969 on was correspondent to French magazines like Art Vivant, Opus International and Canal, amongst others. She directed the art magazine El Guía in 1987 and, during the last years of her life, moved to Palafrugell where she created the cultural magazine Vèlit from 2004 to 2007, also collaborating with the Diari de Girona and the Gironese magazine Bonart, fostering new trends, especially video creations and installations.
DOCUMENTARY FILMS
During the 1980s she founded the production company Proviart in order to promote Catalan artists. Working as screenwriter, director and producer, she made the documentary films Antoni Tàpies (1981), Pau Gargallo (1981), and Picasso nostre (1982). She baptised this collection Fotoscop Sonors in memory of and as homage to her mentor Joan Prats. At the present time these documentaries are conserved at the Filmoteca Nacional de Catalunya. The Fundació Tàpies is also in possession of a copy of the film on this artist.
CURATOR
As curator, she organised some 90 exhibitions around the world of artists such as Aristide Maillol, Pau Gargallo, Xavier Corberó, Matisse, Magritte, Joan Miró, Picasso, Wolf Vostell, Joan Ponç, Arranz Bravo, August Puig, Marcel Martí, Viladecans, Frederic Amat, Roberto Matta, Man Ray, Beverly Pepper, De Sucre, Tàpies, Jean Arp, Dennis Oppenheim, Llimós, Cuixart, Olga Sacharoff, Joan Brossa, Enric C. Ricart, Warhol, Benet Rossell, Joan Rabascall, Xifra, Dorothée Selz, or Antoni Miralda, whom Borràs would present at the Venice Biennial in 1990 when she curated the Spanish pavilion. In addition, she was interested in the contemporary art movements of Maghreb and Cuba, as well as current Caribbean art tendencies, to whose artists she dedicated several exhibitions.
WORKS AND MONOGRAPHS
Maria Lluïsa Borràs left a bibliography of more than 30 publications on the subject of art, including her work on the architect Antoni Gaudí (1972) and the opus dedicated to Coleccionistas de arte en Cataluña (1986-1987), as well as diverse monographs on Chillida (1974), Moisès Villèlia (1974), Carles Delclaux (1991), Porta Missé (1995), Wifredo Lam (1996), Ramon Pichot (1997), Andrés Nagel (2003), Floreal (2003), Dalí (2004) and Josep Niebla (2009). Not to mention studies on the work of Alexander Calder and Duchamp, which was especially attractive to her, as was the work of poet and boxer Arthur Cravan to whom she devoted the monograph Cravan, une stratégie du scandale (1996).
LEGACY
In 2004 she moved to Palafrugell, her father's village, where she lived and worked during the last five years of her life. She died there 23 January 2010 due to cardio-respiratory failure.
A small part of her library - a section of over 20,000 volumes - was managed by the Gresol association thanks to funding from the Elsa Peretti Foundation. Finally, in summer 2019, the archive was transferred, always with the support of the Peretti Foundation, to the library of the University of Girona to become part of its Special Funds, which bring together private collections and libraries of relevant people 18
The remainder of Borràs' private library and documentation was conserved by her daughter, Adelaida Frías, until January 2015 when she made a donation of them to MACBA. This private archive is made up of more than 60.000 documents of diverse categories including manuscripts, correspondence, photographs, audio visuals, etc., in addition to 1.500 books and magazines from her personal library.
Borràs sustained that the purpose of the critic was to share with the reader their knowledge as well as to give them keys to help their understanding of the work of art:
"The critic is not a judge, but a bridge between artist and audience". –Maria Lluïsa Borràs–
SELECTED PUBLISHED WORKS
Niebla, pintura 1987–2009 Casavells: Fundació Niebla, 2009. DL: V-2204-2009
Salvador Dalí, vida i obra d'un geni: Barcelona. Columna Idees, 2004.
Andrés Nagel, una década: Madrid. Turner, 2003.
Floreal Barcelona: Polígrafa, 2003.
Ramon Pichot Barcelona: Àmbit, 1997.
Catálogo razonado de Wifredo Lam (1923–1960) (período español), Volumen I, Paris: Acatos, 1996.
Arthur Cravan: une stratégie du scandale Paris : Éditions Jean-Michel Place, 1996.
Porta Missé, Barcelona, Atika, 1995.
Antonio Zaya, Maria LLuisa Borras, (1995). Cuba Siglo XX Modernidad y Sincretismo. Spain: Tabapress, Centro Atlantico de Arte Moderno. p. 422.
Arthur Cravan: una biografía Barcelona: Sirmio, Qüaderns Crema, 1993.
Enric Cristòfol Ricart, de la pintura al gravat. Ed. Museu de Vilanova, 1992.
Delclaux: artista i mestre de Tapís Girona: Col·legi oficial d'aparelladors i arquitectes tècnics, D.L. 1991.
Amèlia Riera, Barcelona, Ambit, 1990.
Porta-Missé, Barcelona: Danés, 1988.
Coleccionistas de arte en Cataluña, Barcelona: Biblioteca de La Vanguardia, 1987. DL: 25081
Picabia: Barcelona: Polígrafa, D.L. 1985. (translated to French by Albin Michel, Paris, to English by Thames y Hudson, London, by Rizzoli, New York, and published in Germany by Prestel-Verlag)
Rencontres de Gabrielle Buffet-Picabia, Paris: Belfond, 1977.
Wolf Vostell. Analogien und Antagonismen. Wolf Vostell. Zyklus Extremadura. Galerie van de Loo, München, 1975.
Sert, arquitectura mediterrània (text and photography) Col·lecció Fotoscop, Barcelona: Polígrafa + Cercle d'Art, Paris, 1974. DL: B.13-626-1974
Escultor Moisés Villèlia, Barcelona: Polígrafa, 1974.
Chillida, Barcelona: Polígrafa, 1974.
Gaudí, Tokio: Edita 1972
Domènech i Montaner: arquitecto del modernismo (text and photography) Col·lecció Fotoscop, Barcelona: Polígrafa, 1971. DL: B.19.110-1971
Arquitectura Contemporánea Japonesa (text) Col·lecció Fotoscop, Barcelona: Polígrafa, 1970. DL: B.44.701-1970
Katsura Daitokuji Col·lecció Fotoscop, Barcelona (text): Polígrafa, 1970. DL: B.10.460-1970
El Mundo de los Juguetes (text) Col·lecció Fotoscop, Barcelona: Polígrafa, 1969. DL: B.13.867-1969
Arte del Objeto Japonés (text) Col·lecció Fotoscop, Barcelona: Polígrafa, 1969.
Arquitectura Finlandesa (text) Col·lecció Fotoscop, Barcelona: Polígrafa, 1967. DL: B.36.522-1967
AWARDS AND RECOGNITION
1987- Premi ACCA (Catalan Association of Art Critics).
2004- "Medalla d'Or" Gold Medal for artistic merit from the Barcelona city council.
2006- induction into the Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi.
REFERENCES
Victòria, Combalia «Maria Lluïsa Borràs, en el record – La tancada a Montserrat i La Fundació Miró.». L’Avenç (cultural magazine) núm 402 -, juny 2014, pp. 36–41.
«Benvinguda a Maria Lluïsa Borràs, acadèmica corresponent per Palafrugell (author Frederic-Pau Verrié)» (in Catalan). Butlletí de la Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi, 16-05-2007.
«Mor Maria Lluïsa Borràs, la lletrista de l'art català (by Ricard Planas)» (in Spanish and Catalan). magazine Bonart nº 124, February 2010.
«Exhibition press dossier "Tàpies. Col·lecció d'artista" - MLL. Borràs biografia, p. 18.» (in Catalan). Fundació Tàpies, 12-06-2015.
«Diccionari d’Historiadors de l’art català - Borràs González, Maria Lluïsa, by Daniel Giralt-Miracle» (in Catalan). Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 22-07-2014.
«Maria Lluïsa Borràs i González». L'Enciclopèdia.cat. Barcelona: Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
Borràs, Maria Lluïsa. Domènech y Montaner: arquitecto del modernismo (in Spanish, French, English and German). Barcelona: Polígrafa, 1971. ISBN DL: B.19.110-1971.
Borràs, Maria Lluïsa. Sert, arquitectura mediterrània (In Spanish, French, English and German). Barcelona: Polígrafa, 1974.
«Maria Lluïssa Borràs, crítica de arte combativa» (in Spanish). El País, 26-01-2010.
«Exhibition press dossier "Tàpies. Col·lecció d'artista" - Film: Antoni Tàpies, pp. 12–14» (in Catalan). Fundació Tàpies, 12-06-2015.
Punyet Miró, Joan. Al voltant de Miró (in Catalan). Palma / Barcelona: Fundació Miró, 2014, p. 70.
Borràs, Maria Lluïsa. exhibition catalogue "Col·leccionistes d’Art a Catalunya" - text MLL Borràs p. 9. lines 14 to 17. (in Spanish). Barcelona: Biblioteca de La Vanguardia, 1987.
«Relació fons Arxiu MACBA -line 11» (in Catalan). MACBA, 31-12-2015.
«Id Ref, Le reférentiel des autorités Sudoc - Borràs, María Lluïsa».
Borràs, Maria Lluïsa. Arthur Cravan: une stratégie du scandale (in French). París: Éditions Jean-Michel Place, 1996.
1931 births
2010 deaths
Autonomous University of Barcelona faculty
Spanish art critics
Spanish curators
Spanish women writers
University of Barcelona alumni
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29840551
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Covered%20Court%20Championships
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World Covered Court Championships
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The World Covered Court Championships were part of a series of three major world championships sanctioned from 1913–1923 by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). The tournament was played indoors on wood floors, and its venue changed from year to year among several countries. While the World Grass Court Championships (Wimbledon) and World Hard Court Championships (WHCC) could justify their "world championship" titles, the WCCC had trouble attracting top players from outside Europe. At an Annual General Meeting (AGM) held on 16 March 1923 in Paris, France the ILTF issued the ‘Rules of Tennis’ that were adopted with public effect on 1 January 1924. USA became an affiliated member of the ILTF. The World Championship title was also dropped at this meeting and a new category of Official Championship was created for events in Great Britain, France, USA and Australia – today’s Grand Slam events. The WCCC tournament was then disbanded by the ILTF.
.
Tournament information
Champions
Men's singles
Women's singles
Men's doubles
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
See also
World Hard Court Championships
World Grass Court Championships (Wimbledon)
References
Major tennis tournaments
Indoor tennis tournaments
Wood court tennis tournaments
Defunct tennis tournaments
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32452477
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albemarle%20Swepstone
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Albemarle Swepstone
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Harry Albemarle Swepstone (14 January 1859 – 7 May 1907) was an English international footballer, who played as a goalkeeper.
Career
Born in Stepney, Swepstone played club football for Clapton, Pilgrims, Ramblers, Corinthian and Swifts.
He earned six caps for England between 1880 and 1883. Nicknamed the 'Little Pilgrim' by the press, Swepstone has the dubious distinction of conceding 18 goals in just six international matches as England goalkeeper, despite keeping two clean sheets, after making his debut in a 5–4 defeat to Scotland at Hampden Park.
Swepstone was a founder-member of the famous amateur team Corinthian, established in 1882, and is credited as suggesting the team's name.
References
1859 births
1907 deaths
English footballers
England international footballers
Clapton F.C. players
Corinthian F.C. players
Swifts F.C. players
Association football goalkeepers
Pilgrims F.C. players
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59089843
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry.K
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Jerry.K
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Kim Jin-il (; born January 26, 1984), better known by his stage name Jerry.K (), is a South Korean rapper and head of the hip hop record label Daze Alive. He was previously a member of the hip hop duo Loquence with rapper Makesense.
Discography
Studio albums
Extended plays
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Jerry.K official website
Daze Alive official website
1984 births
Living people
South Korean male rappers
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3619811
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie%20Carter
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Valerie Carter
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Valerie Carter (born Valerie Gail Zakian Carter; February 5, 1953 – March 4, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter.
Biography
Valerie Carter began her career singing in coffeehouses as a teenager, she eventually became one-third of a country-folk band "Howdy Moon". Though they debuted at the legendary Troubadour in Los Angeles in 1974, their one album is now fairly obscure. It is notable, however, for the Carter-penned song "Cook With Honey", later a hit for Judy Collins, and for the introduction of Carter to Lowell George, who produced the next album. He would be a mentor to her till his death in 1979 and introduced her to Jackson Browne, James Taylor, and many of the artists she would work with throughout her career.
Her first solo album, "Just A Stone's Throw Away" featured an impressive array of guests artists from the 1970's Southern California music scene including Maurice White, Lowell George, Linda Ronstadt, Jackson Browne, and Deniece Williams. The album was well received and garnered favorable reviews and placed her as the opening act for the Eagles in Europe. Two years later she released another album "Wild Child", and began touring with various artists primarily James Taylor, Jackson Browne, and Linda Ronstadt.
Carter then released another solo album "The Way It Is" with guest artists including Phoebe Snow, Lyle Lovett, Edwin McCain, James Taylor, Linda Ronstadt, and Jackson Browne. Japan released a limited edition of this CD with an additional song by Tom Snow.
She followed two years later with EPs "Find a River", Vanilla Grits, and a compilation CD "Midnight Over Honey River".
She died from a heart attack on March 4, 2017. After her passing, her sister and longtime friend, Kathy Kurasch, found tapes of songs Valerie had recorded but were never released. The tapes were largely unfinished and on all different formats from 24 track masters, 1/4" masters, ADATs, and cassette. They featured an array of guest artists, musicians, and composers including Prince, Lowell George, Little Feat members, Linda Ronstadt, Nicolette Larson, Steve Tyrell, David Lasley, Will Jennings, Tom Snow and more. Overdubs, re-mixing, and mastering was done by Kurasch and in December 2018 "The Lost Tapes" was released on Cowboy Angel Records.
Other work
Carter worked as a back-up vocalist for a number of famous recording artists. These included Linda Ronstadt, Don Henley, Christopher Cross, Little Feat, Jackson Browne, the Outlaws and James Taylor.
Carter wrote the song "Cook with Honey" which was a hit for Judy Collins on her 1973 album True Stories and Other Dreams. Carter also co-wrote the Jackson Browne track "Love Needs a Heart" that was featured on his 1977 album Running on Empty. She also co-wrote "It is One" and "Nino" on Browne's Looking East album. She worked as a writer for The Brothers Johnson on the track "Deceiver", Earth, Wind & Fire's "Turn It into Something Good", featured on the band's 1980 album Faces, and Cher's Black Rose band's "Never Should've Started".
In 1978, she performed the singing voice of the character Jan Mouse in the animated Halloween special "The Devil and Daniel Mouse" produced by Canadian animation studio Nelvana. She was credited under the pseudonym Laurel Runn, likely inspired by living in Laurel Canyon at the time. She sang several songs in the special, including a duet with the songwriter John Sebastian of The Lovin' Spoonful fame. The following year, in 1979, her cover of "O-o-h Child" was featured in Matt Dillon's film debut in Over the Edge.
In 2018 her sister Jan Carter and her friend Kathy Kurasch assembled The Lost Tapes; the first posthumous stand-alone album of previously unreleased material by Valerie Carter. It includes unreleased tracks recorded during her career including "I Got Over It", co-written by Prince.
Personal life
In the December 11, 1999, issue of Billboard, a marriage was announced between Carter and Seth Katz, a television executive with Sony, taking place on November 26, 1999, in Montclair, New Jersey.
In August and October 2009, Carter was arrested in St. Petersburg, Florida, for possession of drugs. She completed all of the court's requirements on May 25, 2011. American singer-songwriter James Taylor appeared at her drug court graduation ceremonies in a congratulatory effort on behalf of all of the graduates.
Carter died of a heart attack on March 4, 2017, at the age of 64.
The song "Valerie" recorded by Steve Winwood was reportedly about her, as was Jackson Browne's song "That Girl Could Sing".
Discography
As member of the group Howdy Moon
Howdy Moon — 1974
Solo albums
Just a Stone's Throw Away (single "O-o-h Child") — 1977 Nr 182 Billboard 200.
Wild Child — 1978
The Way It Is — 1996 (reissued in 2006 with different track list)
Find a River — 1998 (5 track EP)
Midnight Over Honey River - 2003
The Lost Tapes – 2018
Valerie Carter with Yoshiyuki Sahashi Live in Tokyo - 2020
Compilations
Ooh Child: The Columbia Years — 2019
Vanilla Grits - 2001
Backing vocal credits (select)
Aaron Neville — Warm Your Heart — (1991)
Al Kooper — Championship Wrestling — (1982)
Anna Vissi — Everything I Am — (2001)
Anne Murray — Anne Murray — (1996)
Arnold McCuller — Circa 1990 — (2003)
Aselin Debison — Sweet Is the Melody — (2002)
Christopher Cross — Christopher Cross — (1980)
Curtis Stigers — Brighter Days — (1999)
Diana Ross — Force Behind the Power — (1991)
Don Grusin — 10k-La — (1980)
Don Henley:
The End of the Innocence — (1989)
Inside Job — (2000)
Eddie Money — Playing for Keeps — (1980)
Eric Carmen — Change of Heart — (1978)
Freebo — End of the Beginning — (1999)
Glenn Frey — Strange Weather — (1992)
Hoyt Axton — Southbound — (1975)
Jackson Browne:
I'm Alive — (1993)
Looking East — (1996)
James Taylor:
Gorilla — (1975)
In the Pocket — (1976)
New Moon Shine — (1991)
(LIVE) — (1993)
(Best LIVE) — (1994)
Hourglass — (1997)
Greatest Hits Volume 2 — (2000)
Jimmy Webb:
Angel Heart — (1982)
Suspending Disbelief — (1993)
Jorge Calderón — City Music — (1975)
Jude Johnstone — Coming of Age — (2002)
Julia Fordham — Swept — (1991)
Julie Miller:
Orphans & Angels — (1993)
Invisible Girl — (1996)
Keiko Matsui — Sapphire — (1995)
Linda Ronstadt:
Winter Light — (1994)
Feels Like Home — (1995)
Dedicated to the One I Love — (1996)
Little Feat — The Last Record Album — (1975)
Lyle Lovett — Road to Ensenada — (1996)
Maureen McCormick — When You Get a Little Lonely — (1995)
Neil Diamond:
Lovescape — (1991)
Up on the Roof: Songs from the Brill Building — (1993)
"Christmas Album, Vol. 2" — (1994)
In My Lifetime — (1996)
Nicolette Larson:
Nicolette — (1978)
All Dressed Up and No Place to Go — (1982)
Ofra Haza — Kirya — (1992)
Jack Wagner — Love Can Take Us All The Way — (1986)
Randy Newman — Born Again — (1979)
Rick Derringer — Free Ride — (2002)
Ringo Starr — Time Takes Time — (1992)
Shawn Colvin — Fat City — (1992)
Tom Jans — Eyes of an Only Child — (1975)
Tom Kell — Dove — (2012)
Vonda Shepard — Songs from Ally McBeal — (1998)
Willie Nelson — Healing Hands of Time — (1994)
Song-writing credits (select)
"Cook With Honey". Recorded by Judy Collins (released on the LP True Stories and Other Dreams, 1973)
"Love Needs a Heart". Recorded by Jackson Browne (released on the LP Running on Empty, 1977)
"Turn It into Something Good". Recorded by Earth, Wind & Fire (released on the LP Faces, 1980)
"Never Should Have Started". Recorded by Black Rose (released on Black Rose, 1980)
"Deceiver". Recorded by The Brothers Johnson (released as B-side of 7" single "You Keep Me Coming Back", 1984)
"It is One". Recorded by Jackson Browne (released on Looking East, 1996)
"Nino". Recorded by Jackson Browne (released on Looking East, 1996)
References
External links
Official website
Archive of old website (archived from September 2013)
1953 births
2017 deaths
American women singers
Songwriters from Florida
People from Winter Haven, Florida
American women songwriters
21st-century American women
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27805212
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Cox%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201920%29
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Sam Cox (footballer, born 1920)
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Samuel Cox (30 October 1920 – May 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League.
References
Sources
1920 births
1985 deaths
People from Mexborough
Footballers from Doncaster
English footballers
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891) players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Denaby United F.C. players
English Football League players
Association football fullbacks
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32978556
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20St%20Michael%20and%20All%20Angels%2C%20Christchurch
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Church of St Michael and All Angels, Christchurch
|
The Church of St Michael and All Angels is an Anglican church in Christchurch, New Zealand. The church building at 84 Oxford Terrace, Christchurch, is registered as Category I by Heritage New Zealand. Its freestanding belfry is registered separately.
History
The structure stands on the site of the first church built by the Canterbury Association settlers in 1851. Henry Jacobs preached the sermon and conducted the service at the opening of the church in July 1851. St Michael & All Angels served as the pro-cathedral until the completion of ChristChurch Cathedral in 1881.
The architect of the current church was William Fitzjohn Crisp (1846–1924). He had come out from England in 1864 as the pupil of Robert Speechly who had been appointed by George Gilbert Scott to supervise the building of ChristChurch Cathedral. The cornerstone of the church was laid in a ceremony on the Feast of St Michael & All Angels, 29 September 1870. However, problems with the construction of the building led to Crisp returning to Britain in 1871 and Frederick Strouts (1834–1919) was appointed as supervising architect in June of that year. The building was completed in 1872. The contractor's name was James Schoolbraid (or Schoolbred) (1840-1924) and according to Strouts, he was a very obliging worker.
The church was opened on 2 May 1872. Because of a lack of money the chancel was not completed until 1875, and the planned bell tower and spire were never constructed. The church is constructed mostly of matai timber on rubble stone foundations. It is one of the largest timber Gothic Revival churches in the Southern Hemisphere. The only alteration to the church structure has been the removal of a tie-beam and secondary arch to give a better view of the east window in 1896.
The separate belfry is a survival of the previous church building. It was designed by Benjamin Mountfort and constructed in 1861. The bell it houses was brought out with the First Four Ships in 1850 and was rung every hour of daylight to indicate time to the first settlers.
Alfred Averill came to New Zealand in 1894 to be vicar of St Michael and All Angels and rose to be Archbishop of New Zealand.
Associated with the church is St Michael's Church School.
Heritage registration
The church was registered by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust as a Category I heritage building on 2 April 1985 with registration number 294. It is significant as it was the first church on the Canterbury Plains and was the pro-cathedral for some years. Architecturally, it is notable as a timber Gothic building. The belfry of the church is also recognised as a Category I structure. It was registered under number 295 on the same day.
Earthquakes
The wooden building survived three major earthquakes in 2010/11 almost unscathed and is the only Anglican church that remained in use in the central city. The plans had been drawn with regard to the threat of tremors. At a meeting of parishioners held on 14 December 1869, the general concept for the new church was agreed on, including the building material: "Owing to the late severe shocks of earthquake the vestry came to the conclusion that it would be useless to attempt building any part of stone. Therefore it was decided that wood should be the material." The earthquake referred to was the one that hit Christchurch on 5 June 1869, with Julius von Haast giving some scientific commentary. St John's Church in Hereford Street, the first Anglican church in Christchurch built of permanent materials in 1864–1865, was damaged in that earthquake. The earthquake, centred under Addington or Spreydon, had an estimated magnitude of 5 and a ground shaking intensity of MMI 7.
In March 2011, a Lenten service at St Michael's and All Angels Church was attended by Victoria Matthews, Bishop of Christchurch, and Kevin Rudd, Australian Minister of Foreign Affairs. As part of the service, Rudd lit a candle in memory of those who died in the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
The organ
The present fine Henry Bevington and Sons pipe organ was installed in 1873. It was enlarged in 1895/6 by Fincham and Hobday.
The organ was damaged in the 22 February 2011 earthquake and subsequently removed for repairs. A temporary replacement was an organ built from parts of instruments damaged during World War II bombing raids on Britain. The church is fund-raising to help meet the last of the NZ$500,000 organ restoration costs. The Bevington organ was reinstalled with improvements by the South Island Organ Company in 2013.
List of vicars
The following vicars have served at St Michael and All Angels:
Octavius Mathias, 1852–1860
Henry Jacobs, 1863–1873
Henry J. Edwards, 1873–1876
Edward Gorton Penny, 1876–1881
Walter Harper, 1882–1893
Alfred Averill, 1894–1910
Harry Darwin Burton, 1910–1915
Charles E. Perry, 1916–1936
Cecil Muschamp, 1937–1951
Cecil Gault, 1951–1963
Tim Raphael 1963–1965
Philip Baker 1965–1986
Ivan Smith 1986–1990
Jonathan Kirkpatrick 1991–1996
Peter Williams, 1997–2013
Andrew Starky, 2013–2017
Christopher Orczy, 2018–present
Notes
References
1870s architecture in New Zealand
19th-century Anglican church buildings
2011 Christchurch earthquake
Anglo-Catholic churches in New Zealand
Benjamin Mountfort church buildings
Christchurch Central City
Churches completed in 1872
Gothic Revival church buildings in New Zealand
Listed churches in New Zealand
Churches in Christchurch
St Michael and All Angels
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53528747
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberea%20subnigrocincta
|
Oberea subnigrocincta
|
Oberea subnigrocincta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1950.
References
Beetles described in 1950
subnigrocincta
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37988437
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Presbyterian%20Church%20%28Birmingham%2C%20Alabama%29
|
Second Presbyterian Church (Birmingham, Alabama)
|
Second Presbyterian Church is a historic church at Tenth Avenue and Twelfth Street South in Birmingham, Alabama. It was built in 1901 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is now used as the University of Alabama at Birmingham honors house.
References
Presbyterian churches in Alabama
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
National Register of Historic Places in Birmingham, Alabama
Romanesque Revival church buildings in Alabama
Churches completed in 1901
Churches in Birmingham, Alabama
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1169288
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli%E2%80%93Leydig%20cell%20tumour
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Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour
|
Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour is a group of tumors composed of variable proportions of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and in the case of intermediate and poorly differentiated neoplasms, primitive gonadal stroma and sometimes heterologous elements.
Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour (a sex-cord stromal tumor), is a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor and is a member of the sex cord-stromal tumour group of ovarian and testicular cancers. The tumour occurs in early adulthood (not seen in newborn), is rare, comprising less than 1% of testicular tumours. While the tumour can occur at any age, it occurs most often in young adults. Recent studies have shown that many cases of Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor of the ovary are caused by germline mutations in the DICER1 gene. These hereditary cases tend to be younger, often have a multinodular thyroid goiter and there may be a personal or family history of other rare tumors such as pleuropulmonary blastoma, Wilms tumor and cervical rhabdomyosarcoma.
Closely related terms include arrhenoblastoma and androblastoma. Both terms are classified under Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour in MeSH.
Signs and symptoms
Due to excess testosterone secreted by the tumour, one-third of adult females present with a recent history of progressive masculinization. Masculinization is preceded by anovulation, oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea and defeminization. Additional signs include acne and hirsutism, voice deepening, clitoromegaly, temporal hair recession, and an increase in musculature. Serum testosterone level is high.
Cause
The exact cause of Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour is not known.
Research studies seem to indicate that certain genetic mutations (in the DICER1 gene) may play a role in many cases.
Diagnosis
Presence of an ovarian tumour plus hormonal disturbances suggests a Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour. However, hormonal disturbance is present in only two-thirds of cases. A conclusive diagnosis is made via histology, as part of a pathology report made during or after surgery. See also sex cord–gonadal stromal tumour.
Classification
The tumour is subdivided into many different subtypes. The most typical is composed of tubules lined by Sertoli cells and interstitial clusters of Leydig cells.
Treatment
The usual treatment is surgery. The surgery usually is a fertility-sparing unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. For malignant tumours, the surgery may be radical and usually is followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, sometimes by radiation therapy. In all cases, initial treatment is followed by surveillance. Because in many cases Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour does not produce elevated tumour markers, the focus of surveillance is on repeated physical examination and imaging. Given that many cases of Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor of the ovary are hereditary, referral to a clinical genetics service should be considered.
The prognosis is generally good as the tumour tends to grow slowly and usually is benign: 25% are malignant. For malignant tumours with undifferentiated histology, prognosis is poor.
See also
Androgen-dependent syndromes
Leydig cell tumour
Sertoli cell tumour
References
External links
Gynaecological cancer
Male genital neoplasia
Rare cancers
Endocrine-related cutaneous conditions
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8966
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Access%20Signalling%20System%201
|
Digital Access Signalling System 1
|
Digital Access Signalling System 1 (DASS1) is a proprietary protocol defined by British Telecom to provide ISDN services in the United Kingdom. It is now obsolete, having been replaced by DASS2. This too will become obsolete over the coming years as Q.931, a European standard, becomes widely adopted in the EU.
BT Group
History of telecommunications in the United Kingdom
Integrated Services Digital Network
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56352543
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella%20Montagu%2C%20Duchess%20of%20Manchester
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Isabella Montagu, Duchess of Manchester
|
Isabella Montagu, Duchess of Manchester ( – 20 December 1786), formerly Lady Isabella Montagu, was the wife of William Montagu, 2nd Duke of Manchester.
She was the daughter of John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, and his wife, the former Lady Mary Churchill. Her sister, Mary, became Countess of Cardigan. Their three brothers all died in childhood.
She married the Duke of Manchester on 16 April 1723, about two years after he had inherited the dukedom. They were childless, and remained married until the Duke's death in 1739.
The Duchess remarried, in 1743, the politician Edward Hussey-Montagu, who was raised to the peerage in 1762 as Baron Beaulieu and in 1784 was created Earl Beaulieu.
There were two children from this second marriage:
John Hussey-Montagu, Lord Montagu (1746-1787), MP for Windsor, who died unmarried and childless
Isabella Hussey-Montagu (1750-1772)
Isabella was one of the twenty-one 'ladies of quality and distinction' who supported Thomas Coram's efforts to establish a Foundling Hospital, who are now credited with making the endeavour a success by lending it respectability and style. She added her name to his petition on 6 January 1730, which was later presented to King George II in 1735.
The Duchess was known as a talented amateur artist, who, according to Horace Walpole, "painted remarkably well in crayons".
It was said that her second husband "lived in the shadow of his proud and wealthy wife: she, the daughter and widow of dukes, was determined that her husband's rank should correspond to her fortune." When the Montagu family title was given to the son of her younger sister, Lady Cardigan, she withdrew from court, and in 1776, when it was decided that the Duke of Montagu was to be created Earl of Montagu with remainder to his daughter, she claimed that had been promised this title for her husband. Lord North confirmed that he had given such a promise in 1772, but the king, George III, would not go back on his word. The Duke of Montagu waived his claim to the earldom, and Beaulieu was created an earl in 1784 but never received the title of Montagu.
References
1700s births
1786 deaths
Manchester
Beaulieu
British philanthropists
18th-century philanthropists
Daughters of British dukes
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58677040
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avonley%20Nguyen
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Avonley Nguyen
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Avonley Claren Nguyen (born November 22, 2002) is an American ice dancer. With her former partner, Vadym Kolesnik, she is the 2020 World Junior champion, the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final silver medalist, and the 2020 U.S. junior national champion. She has also won four medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series, including three golds, and qualified to the 2018–19 Junior Grand Prix Final.
As of September 2021, she competes with Grigory Smirnov.
Personal life
Nguyen was born on November 22, 2002, in Cleveland, Ohio.
Career
Early years
Nguyen began learning to skate in 2009. She began solo ice dance at age 11 and switched from singles to ice dance at the age of 12. With her first partner, Maxwell Gart, she won silver in the intermediate category at the 2016 U.S. Championships.
2016–2017 season
In autumn 2016, Nguyen and Ukrainian ice dancer Vadym Kolesnik had a three-week tryout in Novi, Michigan, following which he returned to Ukraine for a few months. They began their partnership in February 2017.
2017–2018 season
Nguyen/Kolesnik received their first ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) assignments in the 2017–2018 season. They placed fifth at JGP Belarus and sixth at JGP Italy. After taking gold in junior ice dancing at Midwestern Sectionals, they qualified to the 2018 U.S. Championships, where they would finish fifth.
2018–2019 season
Nguyen/Kolesnik won the silver medal at 2018 JGP Lithuania, behind Russia's Arina Ushakova / Maxim Nekrasov, and the gold at 2018 JGP Slovenia to qualify for their first JGP Final. They placed fifth overall at the 2018–19 Junior Grand Prix Final after placing fifth in the rhythm dance and fifth in the free dance.
At the 2019 U.S. Championships they won the silver medal behind Caroline Green / Gordon Green after placing second in the rhythm dance and winning the free dance.
At the 2019 World Junior Championships, Nguyen/Kolesnik placed fifth in the rhythm dance, but moved up to fourth overall after placing third in the free dance. They were awarded a small bronze medal for the free, where they had the highest technical base value of any of the competing teams, and the second-highest technical score overall.
2019–2020 season: Junior World title
Nguyen/Kolesnik began their Junior Grand Prix season at the 2019 JGP United States, where they placed first in both segments with personal best scores and won the gold medal. At 2019 JGP Poland, they again set personal best scores in both segments to take the title and qualify for the 2019–20 ISU Junior Grand Prix Final. Competing at the Final, Nguyen/Kolesnik narrowly lost the gold medal by only 0.16 points behind Maria Kazakova / Georgy Reviya of Georgia at the JGP Final. She commented "we're a little disappointed right now, but we’ll continue to keep on working. All our competitors were really strong. We were only a fourth of a point behind and we felt we could push and get to the next level, but it didn’t work out."
At the 2020 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Nguyen/Kolesnik scored 184.38 total points to take the gold medal by more than 22 points. Their free dance, set to Rachmaninoff's "Piano Concerto No. 2," featured all positive grades of execution and eight Level 4 elements, earning 109.89 points.
At the 2020 Bavarian Open, they placed first in both the rhythm dance and free dance to win the gold medal. They concluded the season at the 2020 World Junior Championships in Tallinn, Estonia, where they entered as one of the favorites for the title. Nguyen/Kolesnik placed third in the rhythm dance, behind Shanaeva/Naryzhnyy and Kazakova/Reviya, after Nguyen stepped out of her twizzle sequence. She remarked that they had "left a few points on the table, but now we'll focus on the free dance." They won the free dance, setting a new junior world record and taking the Junior World title over Kazakova/Reviya. Nguyen said afterward "I've dreamed about this moment for so long and to know that our work finally paid off, it just feels great!" Kolesnik indicated that they had not decided whether to move up to senior competition or remain at the junior level for another season.
At the end of June, Nguyen announced that the two had split. She said she had "many happy memories" of their partnership, and wished him the best as they "pursued different paths." She said she was going to look for a new partner who shared her "passion, dedication and commitment" to the sport. Within minutes, Kolesnik's announcement post followed. He thanked Nguyen "for all you have done for our partnership," expressed his admiration for her, and wished her all the best.
2020–2021 & 2021–2022 seasons
Nguyen did not compete during the 2020–2021 season. In September 2021, it was confirmed that she and Russian ice dancer Grigory Smirnov had teamed up for the United States after Smirnov's former partner, Anastasia Shpilevaya, was forced to retire. They were scheduled to make their U.S. Championship debut in January of 2022, but withdrew after Smirnov suffered a hip injury.
Programs
With Smirnov
With Kolesnik
Records and achievements
Junior world record scores
Nguyen/Kolesnik are the current junior world record holders for the free dance and total scores.
Competitive highlights
JGP: Junior Grand Prix
With Smirnov
With Kolesnik
With Gart
Detailed results
Small medals awarded only at ISU Championships. ISU personal bests highlighted in bold.
With Kolesnik
Junior results
With Gart
Intermediate results
References
External links
! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;" |World Junior Record Holders
2002 births
American female ice dancers
Living people
Sportspeople from Cleveland
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
American dancers of Asian descent
American sportspeople of Vietnamese descent
21st-century American women
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24208010
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studenec%20na%20Blokah
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Studenec na Blokah
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Studenec na Blokah (, ) is a small village east of Nova Vas in the Municipality of Bloke in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
Name
The name of the settlement was changed from Studenec to Studenec na Blokah in 1953.
Church
The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Peter and belongs to the Parish of Bloke.
References
External links
Studenec na Blokah on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Bloke
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286836
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jude%20%28film%29
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Jude (film)
|
Jude is a 1996 British period drama film directed by Michael Winterbottom, and written by Hossein Amini, based on Thomas Hardy's 1895 novel Jude the Obscure. The original music score was composed by Adrian Johnston.
The film was shot in late 1995 in Edinburgh and locations in County Durham including Durham Cathedral, Durham City, Ushaw College, Blanchland village and Beamish museum.
In a 2011 interview for theartsdesk, lead actor Christopher Eccleston commented on the film: "Of all the films I've done, Jude is the one that I'd stand by, the one I'd like people to come back to. The rest is much of a muchness."
Plot
In the Victorian period, Jude Fawley is a bright young lower-class man who dreams of a university education. Circumstances conspire against him, and he is forced into a job as a stonemason and an unhappy marriage to a country girl, Arabella. He remains true to his dream and, months later, after his wife's sudden departure, he heads for the city. He thinks education is available for any man who is willing to work hard. However, he is rejected by the university based primarily on his lower-class status. During this period, he encounters his cousin, Sue Bridehead, who is beautiful and intelligent, and shares his disdain for convention. Whilst Jude is enraptured by Sue, and vice versa, she marries Jude's former school teacher, Phillotson, after Jude tells her he is married to Arabella.
The marriage of Sue and Phillotson is not a success, as she refuses to give herself sexually or romantically to her husband. She leaves Phillotson to join Jude in what turns out to be a rough life, moving from place to place as Jude picks up occasional work as a stonemason. Jude learns that Arabella bore a son, whom she named Jude ("Juey") soon after she left Jude. The boy comes to live with his father Jude, and Sue. Sue gives birth to two children. Agnostic and independent, she refuses to legalise their arrangement by marriage.
Sue and Jude are forbidden a permanent rental lodging because their living arrangement without marriage is considered scandalous. Sue tells Juey that the family cannot stay long at their present lodging because there are too many of them. The next day Sue and Jude return to their lodging to find that Juey has killed his half-siblings and committed suicide, hanging himself. His suicide note says the reason: "Becos we were to menny."
Each of the couple falls into a deep depression after the deaths of their children. Turning to the religion she previously rejected, Sue comes to believe that God has judged and punished the couple for not having married. She decides to return to Phillotson, although she finds him sexually repugnant, as he is her true husband in the eyes of God.
A year after the death of their children, Jude and Sue happen to meet when separately visiting the tombstones of their children. They both look worse for wear. Jude demands that Sue tell him whether she still loves him, to which she replies, "You've always known". After a passionate kiss, she walks away from Jude to return to Phillotson.
As Sue walks away, Jude shouts to her, "We are man and wife, if ever two people were on this earth!"
Cast
Filming locations
The production filmed in a variety of countries including France, New Zealand and the UK. The Kent and East Sussex Railway was used as a film location for the scenes where Jude (Christopher Eccleston) and Sue (Kate Winslet) are on a train which was intercut with scenery from the North of England.
Reception
It holds an 81% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 36 reviews.
References
External links
1996 films
1996 romantic drama films
BBC Film films
British films
British romantic drama films
British independent films
1990s English-language films
Films based on British novels
Films based on romance novels
Films based on works by Thomas Hardy
Films directed by Michael Winterbottom
Films set in Berkshire
Films set in the Victorian era
Films shot in Edinburgh
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films
Films with screenplays by Hossein Amini
1996 independent films
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12483813
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot-billed%20seedeater
|
Parrot-billed seedeater
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The parrot-billed seedeater (Sporophila peruviana) is a small species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in various shrubby habitats in western Ecuador and western Peru. Outside the breeding season, it is quite social and frequently seen in flocks with other small seed-eating birds.
References
External links
Images at ADW
parrot-billed seedeater
Birds of Ecuador
Birds of Peru
Birds of the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena
Western South American coastal birds
parrot-billed seedeater
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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37773353
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamin%20Sang
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Zamin Sang
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Zamin Sang (, also Romanized as Zamīn Sang) is a village in Shamil Rural District, Takht District, Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,551, in 314 families.
References
Populated places in Bandar Abbas County
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59472376
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeways%20%28video%20game%29
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Freeways (video game)
|
Freeways is a simulation video game developed and published by Canadian studio Captain Games. It was released for mobile in September 2017 and for Steam on 1 October 2017.
Gameplay
Freeways simulates real-world traffic management. On each level the player is faced with dead-end roads that need to be connected to each other. The player must create roads and bridges by dragging across the screen to join these up in order to complete the level. If the cars get gridlocked, the word "Jammed!" pops up on the screen and the player must restart the level. Vehicle pathfinding in Freeways is not very advanced, leading to situations where the cars may take alternate routes to what the player intended.
At the end of each level, the level's "efficiency" is calculated from the flow of traffic, the amount of concrete used to make the roads, and the complexity of the system, with a higher score indicating a better-designed road network. The player has nine levels to start off with and more levels (up to 72) are unlocked as the game continues.
Reception
The game's art style was compared to something from the Atari 2600 and was praised for its "rough-and-ready crudeness". The game has been compared to Cities: Skylines and Mini Metro.
References
External links
2017 video games
Android (operating system) games
IOS games
MacOS games
Simulation video games
Video games developed in Canada
Windows games
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55206022
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strangeways%2C%20Manchester
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Strangeways, Manchester
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Strangeways is an area of inner north Manchester, England, around Strangeways Prison just north of the city centre.
History
Until the 19th century, Strangeways was rural, with Strangeways Hall, Park and Gardens. Strangeways was recorded in 1322 as Strangwas, from the Anglo-Saxon Strang and gewæsc meaning "[a place by] a stream with a strong current".
Strangeways Brewery
Strangeways Brewery was famous as the home of Boddingtons Bitter. It closed in 2005 and was demolished in 2007.
Timeline
1459: First known mention of the de Strangeways family in the area.
1544: A settlement document describes widespread property attached to Strangeways Hall, including 24 houses, 20 town properties, 20 cottages, and various land up to several miles away.
1641: Strangeways Hall appears on a map. It was in Elizabethan or Jacobean style.
1624: John Hartley (1609-1655) bought Strangeways Hall. His father Nicholas Hartley and elder brother Richard were wool merchants in Manchester.
Early 18th century: A grey stucco, palladian-style addition to Strangeways Hall was built.
1713: The Reynolds family took over the hall.
1768: Francis Reynolds granted a lease to Robert Norton to build a house and silk dyeing works by the Hall's fish pond.
1777: Strangeways Hall first known to be let to a tenant (Hugh Oldham).
1788: Strangeways Hall was run as a girls' boarding school.
1816: Start of the area being built over with houses.
1838: Land in Strangeways area was sold to the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company; Manchester Victoria station is there now.
1858: Strangeways Hall demolished and its materials sold
1859: A newspaper report that the Hall was "several times rebuilt".
1864: Completion of building of the Assize Courts on the site of Strangeways Hall. (It was destroyed in the 1939-1945 Blitz and its site is now a car park on Great Ducie Street).
1868: Strangeways Prison opened. It was built on the site of Strangeways Hall's fish ponds.
late 19th century: Jewish immigration to the area, fleeing from violence in Russia.
References
External links
Link to part of Pigot's map of Strangeways area in 1813; the blue arrow marks Strangeways Hall.
Development of Strangeways
Image of Strangeways Hall c.1840
Areas of Manchester
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4829384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20Numbering%20System
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Universal Numbering System
|
The Universal Numbering System, sometimes called the "American System", is a dental notation system commonly used in the United States.
Most of the rest of the world uses the FDI World Dental Federation notation, accepted as an international standard by the International Standards Organization as ISO 3950. However, dentists in the United Kingdom commonly still use the older Palmer notation despite the difficulty in representing its graphical components in computerized (non-handwritten) records.
Left and right
Dental charts are normally arranged from the viewpoint of a dental practitioner facing a patient. The patient's right side appears on the left side of the chart, and the patient's left side appears on the right side of the chart.
The labels "right" and "left" on the charts in this article correspond to the patient's right and left, respectively.
Universal numbering system
Although it is named the "universal numbering system", it is also called the "American system" as it is only used in the United States. The uppercase letters A through T are used for primary teeth and the numbers 1 - 32 are used for permanent teeth. The tooth designated "1" is the maxillary right third molar ("wisdom tooth") and the count continues along the upper teeth to the left side. Then the count begins at the mandibular left third molar, designated number 17, and continues along the bottom teeth to the right side. Each tooth has a unique number or letter, allowing for easier use on keyboards.
Tooth numbering
Permanent teeth and their assigned numbers (Universal Tooth Numbering System)
Upper right
Upper left
Lower left
Lower right
See also
Dental notation
FDI World Dental Federation notation
Palmer Notation Method
References
External links
Dr. Bunn page on dental notations.
Video regarding the Universal Numbering System
.
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18299971
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf%20Stadtbahn
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Düsseldorf Stadtbahn
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The Düsseldorf Stadtbahn, together with the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn and the Düsseldorf Straßenbahn (Tram), is the backbone of the public transport system of Düsseldorf, Germany, and is integrated in the Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn network. The Stadtbahn officially opened on 6 August 1988 and is operated by Rheinbahn AG. , the Stadtbahn network currently consists of eleven lines, operating on , and serving 161 stations, 22 of which are underground stations (Duesseldorf: 16, Duisburg: 6 (U79)).
Current lines
U70 is a rush-hour-only express line. It operates the same route as the U76, however does not stop at all stations.
The lines U80-U82 are currently in planning and constructions are set to start in late 2020/early 2021.
Future expansion
Currently there is no construction work for extension in progress. The planning for a new line towards Airport (U81) has started.
Rolling Stock
There are a total of 135 trainsets for the Düsseldorf Stadtbahn. There are 103 six-axle articulated tramsets (B80), which are operated on the lines U70 and U74-U79 as well as 32 eight-axle articulated tramsets (GT8SU)., which are mostly found on the lines U75 and U77. Both the B80 and the GT8SU have a floor at around 90 cm above the tracks. Furthermore, the lines U71-U73 and U83 are operated by eight-axle trainsets of type NF8U, which have a floor height of 30 cm above the tracks.
See also
Trams in Düsseldorf
Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn
Rhein-Ruhr Stadtbahn
Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr
List of rapid transit systems
References
Inline citations
Books
Dieter Höltge: Straßen- und Stadtbahnen in Deutschland Band 4: Ruhrgebiet von Dortmund bis Duisburg, EK-Verlag, 1994, .
Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf Amt für Verkehrsmanagement: Nahverkehrsplan 2002–2007. Veröffentlichung, Düsseldorf 2003
Hans G. Nolden: Die Düsseldorfer Straßenbahn. GeraMond Verlag, München 1998, .
Axel Schild, Dieter Waltking: Die Rheinbahn Stadtverkehr in und um Düsseldorf. alba, Düsseldorf 1996, .
Richard Jacobi, Dieter Zeh: Die Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Straßenbahn Von der Pferdetram zur Stadtbahn. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 1995, .
Friedhelm Blennemann: U-Bahnen und Stadtbahnen in Deutschland Planung Bau Betrieb. alba, Düsseldorf 1975, .
Fritz D. Kegel: U-Bahnen in Deutschland Planung Bau Betrieb. alba, Düsseldorf 1971.
Robert Schwandl: Schnellbahnen in Deutschland. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin 2007, .
External links
Rheinbahn - official site
Rheinbahn - official site
Düsseldorf network map (pdf)
Information from duesseldorf.de
Private homepage at Rhein-Ruhr Stadtbahn
U-Bahn and Stadtbahn in Germany
Metro Bits: Photosession of the Rhein-Ruhr Stadtbahn
Transport in Düsseldorf
Companies based in Düsseldorf
Light rail in Germany
Tram transport in Germany
Underground rapid transit in Germany
1988 establishments in West Germany
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3072364
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotpartiet
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Rotpartiet
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Rotpartiet (a Swedish term which can be translated as "Root Party" or "Grassroots Party") is a local political party in the municipality of Åtvidaberg, Sweden. The party was formed ahead of the 1998 elections, by Åke Hjalmarsson. Hjalmarsson was then dissatisfied with the development of the Åtvidaberg Party. The party won 3 seats in the 1998 elections.
In the 2002 elections the party lost heavily to the newly formed Copper Party (kp). The sole seat that the party won was held by Per Lindqvist. After the elections the party joined a six-party coalition to govern the municipality. At this point Hjalmarsson left the party. The party withdrew from the governing coalition after one year.
The party has declared that it will not run again in 2006. Lindqvist has withdrawn from the political life and there is no-one to carry on the party work. The party currently lacks representation in municipal boards and the party seat in the sessions of the municipal council has been vacant during most of 2005.
Electoral result
Swedish local political parties
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23604707
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokonoe%20Station
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Kokonoe Station
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is a passenger railway station in the city of Kisarazu, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Kokonoe Station is served by the Uchibo Line, and is located 91.7 km from the starting point of the line at Soga Station.
Station layout
The station consists of two opposed side platforms serving two tracks. The station is currently unattended.
Platforms
History
Kokonoe Station was opened on June 1, 1921. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. A new station building was completed in February 2007.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2006, the station was used by an average of 103 passengers daily.
Surrounding area
Awa Regional Medical Center
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East Station information
Railway stations in Chiba Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1921
Uchibō Line
Tateyama, Chiba
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66990763
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fereshteh%20Hosseini
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Fereshteh Hosseini
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Fereshteh Hosseini (; born 26 April 1997) is an Iranian born Afghan actress. She is known for her acting in Parting (2016), Rona, Azim's Mother (2018) and The Frog (2020–2021).
Personal life
In 2020, rumors began circulating about a relationship between Hosseini and Navid Mohammadzadeh. In April 2021, Mohammadzadeh confirmed the rumors by publishing a post on Instagram. The couple married in July 2021.
Filmography
Film
Home video
Theatre
Violence against women
My cinemas
The little prince
Small black fish
I Am an Emotional Creature: The Secret Life of Girls Around the World
A Memory, a Monologue, a Rant, and a Prayer
I'm a salvador
Awards and nominations
References
External links
21st-century Iranian actresses
1997 births
Living people
People from Tehran
Afghan film actresses
Iranian people of Afghan descent
Iranian female models
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26513709
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7ng%20Phong
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Đặng Phong
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Đặng Phong (1937–2010) was a Vietnamese economic historian.
Born in Hà Tây Province, Đặng Phong graduated from Hanoi University in 1960 then National Economics University in 1964. He then worked as researcher at Vietnam Institute of Economics from 1961 to 2000. He also taught at the Hanoi University of Business and Technology from 1996 to 2009 and was a visiting lecturer to various universities outside Vietnam. Throughout his life, he wrote more than 30 academic works, many of which focus on Vietnam's economic history, its centrally planned economy period and its transition to market economy. He is regarded by some to have been "a living dictionary of Vietnam's economy" and a "top economic historian".
Early life
Đặng Phong was born on November 4th, 1937 in Hà Tây. He had a Bachelor of Arts in history at Hanoi University in 1960 and graduated from National Economics University, Planning Faculty in 1964.
Career
Đặng Phong worked as an economist specializing in economic history for Vietnam Institute of Economics. He also served as Vice Editor-in-chief of journal Tạp chí Thị trường & Giá cả (Markets and Prices Review) during 1983–1995, collaborator of French National Centre for Scientific Research, Chairman of the Euro Economic Subcommittee – Viet III, Amsterdam in 1997, consultant of Cuban Academy of Sciences. In 1988, State Committee for Markets and Prices assigned him to compete for a scholarship to France, which he won. He spent some time studying at Institut Agricole Méditerranéen in Montpellier.
Researching economic history
While working on his book Kinh tế thời nguyên thủy ở Việt Nam, his wife sold emptied milk cans to buy champagne, rolls of cotton fabric, chocolate. Đặng Phong then brought these to South Vietnam, selling them to earn living income. Upon Vietnam's reunification in 1975, he conducted research on Vietnam's economic history using the archive left behind by South Vietnam government. This is their researches, plans and strategies on developing agriculture, industry and education which Đặng Phong deemed to be detailed and can serve as part of his own post-war development plan for Vietnam.
His book Lịch sử kinh tế Việt Nam was published in 2000, in a review for Lao Động the newspaper, Y Trang considered Đặng Phong so far has been a non-notable historian, attributing the causes to economic history field not being much appreciated. Throughout his life, Đặng Phong wrote many books and articles on Vietnam's economic history, economy of South Vietnam, the centrally planned economy period and the transition period to market economy. The book Tư duy Kinh tế Việt Nam was published in 2008, in which Đặng Phong presented a systemic arrangement of Vietnam's economic mindset developments during 1975–1989 together with critical documents from the Central Committee. According to Đặng Phong, "economic mindset decides economic policies. Many of Vietnam's ups and downs depend on economic mindset." and the biggest difficulty is lacking research materials. In a review for Lao Động the newspaper, Y Trang described Đặng Phong as a "lively and quite contemporary historian".
Having dedicated more than 40 years for academic researching, Đặng Phong is called "a living dictionary of Vietnam's economy". Trần Phương saw Đặng Phong as someone with "serious scientific manner", "digging diligently to the roots of the events in order to represent historical events faithfully". Nguyễn Gia Kiểng praised the diversity of documents, "accompanied by accurate and sharp judgments". During the preparation process, Đặng Phong collected documents and had access to high-ranking politicians of the state. Economic professor Nguyễn Thị Hiền noted Đặng Phong for having "a rich literary mind and a very sharp synthesis ability".
Researching history and teaching
Đặng Phong's book Chuyện Thăng Long – Hà Nội qua một đường phố was published in 2010. It is a research on Lê Duẩn street in Hanoi, inspired by the book Histoire de Hanoi by French historian Philippe Papin. Writing for Tuổi Trẻ Online, Thu Hà found the familiar "calmness, depth of Đặng Phong's scholarly and commentary style" can still be found in this book, yet in a "softer, more revealing" way. Đặng Phong expressed his wish that the book become an anniversary work for the Millennial Anniversary of Hanoi (which was later fulfilled).
Đặng Phong taught at Đại học Kinh doanh và Công nghệ Hà Nội (HaNoi University of Business and Technology). He was also visiting lecturer at University of Aix-en-Provence (2007), University of Cambridge (2005), University of Macquarie, Sydney (1996, 2000), The Australian National University (1994), University of Irvine California (1994). After being called "professor" by Vietnamese media multiple times, Đặng Phong clarified in 2017 that he is not a professor and has never been granted professor title.
Family and death
Đặng Phong's brother is Đặng Vũ. His daughter is Đặng Lê Chi.
Đặng Phong died of illness on August 20th, 2010. In December 2010, Chuyện Thăng Long – Hà Nội qua một đường phố was launched on 100th day in memoriam of him. Prior to his death, he expressed his desire to write a book series about economic history and economic mindset of Vietnam with other Vietnamese economic historians.
Legacy
One year after his death, Phan Châu Trinh Culture Foundation, Tri Thức Publishing House and Vietnam Institute for Economic & Policy Research co-organized a talk show in memory of Đặng Phong. The talk show affirms his contributions to the economic history research field and confirms that his influence will continue to spread to younger academic generations.
Bibliography
Đặng Phong dedicated more than 40 years of his life on researching. Many of his works are published as physical books, while many other are preserved.
Kinh tế thời nguyên thủy ở Việt Nam (The Primitive Economy in Vietnam), NXB Khoa học Xã hội, 1970
21 năm viện trợ Mỹ ở Việt Nam (Twenty-One Years of American Aid in (South) Vietnam), NXB Thông Tin, 1991
Thị trường và giá cả Việt Nam từ thế kỷ XIX đến nay: Đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học cấp bộ (Markets and prices in Vietnam from nineteenth century to now). Hanoi: Viện Nghiên cứu Khoa học thị trường và giá cả, 1992
Authority relations and economic decision-making in Vietnam: an historical perspective (co-authored with Melanie Beresford), Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 1998
Economic Transition in Vietnam: Aid and Trade in the Demise of a Centrally Planned Economy (co-authored with Melanie Beresford). Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA, USA: Edward Elgar, 2000
Lịch sử kinh tế Việt Nam 1945–2000, tập 1 1945–1954 (Economic History of Vietnam 1945–2000, Vol. 1: 1945-1954). Hanoi: NXB Khoa học Xã hội, 2002
Lịch sử Ngân hàng Ngoại thương Việt Nam 1963–2003 (History of Vietcombank 1963–2003), 2003
So sánh đổi mới kinh tế Việt Nam và cải cách kinh tế Trung Quốc (Comparison of Economic Reform Between China and Vietnam) (co-authored), 2003
Kinh tế miền Nam thời kỳ 1955–1975 (Economy of the South 1955–1975). Hanoi: NXB Khoa học Xã hội, 2004
Lịch sử kinh tế Việt Nam 1945–2000, tập 2 1955–1975 (Economic History of Vietnam, 1945–2000, Vol. 2: 1955-1975). Hanoi: NXB Khoa học Xã hội, 2005
Lịch sử kinh tế Việt Nam 1945–2000, tập 3 1975–2000 (Economic History of Vietnam, 1945–2000, Vol. 3: 1975–2000)
30 năm Vietcombank thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 1976-2006 (30 years of Vietcombank Ho Chi Minh City 1976-2006). Hanoi: NXB Chính trị Quốc gia Sự thật, 2006
Những bước đột phá của An Giang trên con đường đổi mới kinh tế (Break-Through Steps of An Giang on the Way to Reform) (co-authored with Đỗ Hoài Nam), 2006
Long An – mũi đột phá vào kinh tế thị trường (Long An, a Break-Through into Market Economy) (co-authored with Đỗ Hoài Nam). Hanoi: NXB Khoa học Xã hội, 2007
Lịch sử Ngân hàng đầu tư và phát triển Việt Nam, 1957-2012: sơ thảo (History of the Vietnam Investment and Development Bank, 1957–2007: draft) (co-authored with Trần Đình Thiên). Hanoi: NXB Chính trị Quốc gia Sự thật), 2007
Tư duy Kinh tế Việt Nam – Chặng đường gian nan và ngoạn mục 1975–1989 (Vietnam's Economic Mindset: A Daunting and Spectacular Road, 1975–1989), NXB Tri thức, 2008
5 đường mòn Hồ Chí Minh (The Five Ho Chi Minh Trails). NXB Tri thức, 2008
Tư duy kinh tế Việt Nam 1975–1989 – Nhật ký thời bao cấp (Economic mindset of Vietnam 1975–1989 – Diary of Subsidy Economy period). NXB Tri thức, 2009
"Phá rào" trong kinh tế vào đêm trước Đổi mới ('Fence breaking' in the Economic Sphere on the Eve of Đổi mới). Hanoi: NXB Tri thức, 2009
Những mũi đột phá trong kinh tế: thời trước Đổi Mới (Breakthroughs in economy: before Đổi Mới) (co-authored with Đỗ Hoài Nam). Hanoi: NXB Khoa học Xã hội, 2009
Chuyện Thăng Long – Hà Nội qua một đường phố (Stories of Thăng Long – Ha Noi in a single street), NXB Tri thức, 2010
Biên niên các sự kiện kinh tế Việt Nam, 1975-2008 (Chronology of economic events of Vietnam 1975-2008) (co-authored with Trần Đình Thiên). Hanoi: NXB Khoa học Xã hội, 2012
Vietnam: Le moment moderniste (co-authored). Aix-en-Provence: Presses universitaires de Provence, 2017.
Lịch sử Ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần đầu tư và phát triển Việt Nam, 1957–2017 (History of BIDV, 1957–2017) (co-authored with Trần Đình Thiên). Hanoi: NXB Chính trị Quốc gia Sự thật, 2017.
Notes
References
Vietnamese historians
1937 births
Vietnamese economists
2010 deaths
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509081
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidal%20number
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Pyramidal number
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A pyramidal number is a figurate number that represents a pyramid with a polygonal base and a given number of triangular sides. A pyramidal number is the number of points in a pyramid where each layer of the pyramid is an -sided polygon of points. The term often refers to square pyramidal numbers, which have a square base with four sides, but it can also refer to pyramids with three or more sides. The numbers of points in the base (and in parallel layers to the base) are given by polygonal numbers of the given number of sides, while the numbers of points in each triangular side is given by a triangular number. It is possible to extend the pyramidal numbers to higher dimensions.
Formula
The formula for the th -gonal pyramidal number is
where , .
This formula can be factored:
where is the th triangular number.
Sequences
The first few triangular pyramidal numbers (equivalently, tetrahedral numbers) are:
1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 56, 84, 120, 165, 220, ...
The first few square pyramidal numbers are:
1, 5, 14, 30, 55, 91, 140, 204, 285, 385, 506, 650, 819, ... .
The first few pentagonal pyramidal numbers are:
1, 6, 18, 40, 75, 126, 196, 288, 405, 550, 726, 936, 1183, 1470, 1800, 2176, 2601, 3078, 3610, 4200, 4851, 5566, 6348, 7200, 8125, 9126 .
The first few hexagonal pyramidal numbers are:
, , , , , , , 372, 525, 715, 946, 1222, 1547, 1925 .
The first few heptagonal pyramidal numbers are:
1, 8, 26, 60, 115, 196, 308, 456, 645, 880, 1166, 1508, 1911, ...
References
Figurate numbers
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23695373
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichewaug%2C%20Massachusetts
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Nichewaug, Massachusetts
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Nichewaug is a village in Massachusetts. It is part of the town of Petersham. It is close to the Quabbin Reservoir, and close to the former town of Dana, Massachusetts. The village was likely depopulated due to the construction of the nearby reservoir, and has a few houses today. The village has been assigned the zip code of 01366.
References
Villages in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Villages in Massachusetts
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19115960
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slugs%20%28novel%29
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Slugs (novel)
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Slugs is a 1982 UK horror novel written by Shaun Hutson. In 1988, it was adapted as an American/Spanish horror film of the same name. In this book, carnivorous slugs go on a rampage.
Synopsis
Slugs in the cellar of an old house feed on scraps of rotten meat someone is unknowingly throwing down to them.
A very drunk Ron Bell stumbles home, passes out in his front room and wakes to find himself being eaten alive by slugs that have come through the floor. The slugs then retreat back down the cellar.
Mike Brady, an almost-40-year-old council health inspector awakes with wife Kim, 35, and discusses that he has to help evict a council tenant Ron Bell that day. Brady accompanies Archie Reece, bailiff, to serve an eviction notice on Ron Bell. They find Bell's mutilated body. The slugs leave Ron Bell's cellar, crawl up into his garden and then down into the sewers towards a new housing estate.
Mary Forbes, housewife, discovers slug larvae in her hanging baskets. Brady, on a routine check of the houses on the new housing estate finds slime trails.
Bert Crossley, a butcher on the new housing estate enjoys a lunch time drink with friends Danny and Tony. On arriving back at his shop afterwards, he discovers the meat he had left in cabinets has vanished, only a few scraps and dark patches of blood remain.
Julie Jenkins, receptionist for the council offices where Brady works, takes a message from pensioner Mrs. Fortune, complaining about her blocked drain and toilet. Brady and effluent operative Don Palmer from the council sewage department go to investigate. They find the drain blocked and slime trails but when they examine the sewer they find nothing wrong. They do not see two slugs hidden in the darkness.
Carol Wilton leaves her four-year-old son Paul in the garden to buy some bread and milk, while he sits and watches slugs eat his rabbit.
Harold Morris, keen gardener, puts on a garden glove that has slugs in some of the fingers. They eat most of his hand by the time Harold, assisted by his wife Jean manage to cut it off with shears and a trowel.
Mike Brady and his wife Kim are doing some gardening when Brady is attacked by slugs who try to bite his hand. He manages to put three of the slugs into a jar. Mike and Kim take the captured slugs to Merton Museum for advice. Museum curator John Foley examines the slugs but tells them he is no expert. Brady asks Foley if he thinks slugs could kill a man. He puts a pond snail in a tray with a slug and the slug immediately eats the snail.
Brady goes to a garden centre and buys a bottle of slug poison and some slug pellets. He puts them down in his garden.
Kath Green leaves her two-year-old daughter Amanda playing with her dolls in her conservatory to buy the little girl an ice cream. In her mother's absence, Amanda finds a slime trail, puts her hand in it and licks it off. Later that night, Kath rushes into Amanda's bedroom to find her convulsing on the bed. In a wild frenzy, Amanda bites her Mum's neck who then falls downstairs bleeding to death. Ray Green returns home from work to find both his wife and daughter dead.
Brady goes to see if the poison has done its job, but although some of the pellets have gone, the slugs are still there.
Computer firm rep David Watson and his wife Maureen sit down to Sunday lunch. David eats half a slug which was hidden in some lettuce. He goes to bed that night with a terrible stomach ache and awakes with a very bad headache.
At a business lunch that day in the City Hotel, David Watson tries to secure a new contract with Edward Canning and Kenneth Riggs. David is overcome by a terrible headache until finally blood gushes from one of his nostrils and a long white worm slithers out of it. David falls onto a table dying as another slug bursts out of one of his eyes. A waiter from the restaurant calls the Local Health Inspector.
Brady investigates the sickening scene and finds the worms lying dead next to Watson's body. He takes them to the museum for Foley to look at. Foley tells Brady that he has been reading up on the slugs and after dissecting and doing tests, he says that they are a hybrid of the ordinary garden variety. The white worms are "schistosomes," a parasite found in the blood stream of slugs. If ingested by humans they cause the often fatal disease Schistomiasis. Foley tells Brady that he will start work on making a poison.
Bobby Talbot, 18, and Donna Moss, 17, are having sex in Donna's parents' bedroom while they are out. Slugs make their way through the garden, into the drain, up the drain pipe, along the guttering, down onto a window sill and drop onto the floor of the bedroom. Donna is killed first as the slugs crawl inside her. Bobby, also being eaten alive jumps from the bedroom window straight onto a cold frame below and is killed by a shard of glass.
Brady returns home and tells Kim about the days events at the City Hotel. He explains what Foley told him, adding that he thinks slugs killed Ron Bell. Kim goes into the kitchen to find six slugs which have crawled out of a tap. Brady kills them all but realises the slugs are in the water supply and will be all over Merton.
Gravedigger Charlie Barnes digs up a grave during the night to rob the occupants valuables, but is eaten alive by slugs when he falls in.
Brady calls his G.P. Dr. Warwick at his surgery to see if he has had any unusual cases. The doctor tells him he has had nine complaints so far of nausea, headaches, sensitivity to light, diarrhoea, fever and vomiting. Brady explains that he thinks the water is contaminated, and Warwick says that there is a species of snail that spreads a disease called Bilharzia, but that disease is confined to Africa and Asia. Brady goes to see Merton's Water Board Inspector Frank Phillips and explains to him what has happened, asking him to turn the water supply off. Phillips laughs and refuses. Brady spots an article in a local newspaper saying that police are baffled about three mysterious deaths. He returns to his office to find that Foley has left a message with Julie.
Brady goes to see Foley at the museum. He has developed a liquid that kills slugs on contact. However, it explodes when it touches moisture so they talk to Don Palmer about how to get it into the sewer system. The plan is for Brady and Palmer to go down into the sewer by Ron Bell's house and act as bait, luring the slugs into a central chamber, while Foley waits above ground and releases the poison. Brady and Palmer climb into Ron Bell's house through a broken window and go down into the cellar where they find hundreds of slugs on the floor. They empty a can of petrol into the cellar, ignite it then leave the house. Equipped with overalls, masks, oxygen tanks and two-way radios, Brady and Palmer and go down into the sewer via a manhole cover outside the house.
Brady and Palmer test their radios, then begin searching the central chambers of the sewers for the slugs' nest. Foley follows them in above his car. They find the slugs, but become trapped when they cannot remove a grille from a chamber. Brady eventually removes the grille but Palmer is eaten by the slugs in the meantime. Foley drives to the manhole cover where Brady can escape but the cover is jammed shut. Using a rope tied to his car he manages to remove the manhole cover, just before Brady's oxygen supply runs out. Both men tip the 5 gallon drum of poison down into the sewer which sets off a chain reaction sweeping through the entire Merton sewer system.
Farmer George Thomas from Merton, drives to London's Covent Garden to deliver some vegetables to a buyer. The buyer searches through the vegetables, throwing the rotten ones into a pile. In amongst some rotten lettuces are some slugs' eggs...
Sequel
A sequel titled Breeding Ground was published in 1985 and a film for the sequel was considered but was never made.
References
External links
Official Shaun Hutson website
1982 British novels
British horror novels
British novels adapted into films
W. H. Allen & Co. books
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6086508
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20terminal
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Smart terminal
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Smart terminal may refer to:
Block-oriented terminal, which typically offloads form or panel editing from a mainframe computer
A computer terminal with capabilities for cursor positioning, or other display formatting capabilities beyond a text-mode teleprinter
A credit card terminal which supports various payment methods
Thin client computer, with local data processing capacity
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58189374
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape%20of%20Lady%20Justice%20cartoon%20controversy
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Rape of Lady Justice cartoon controversy
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The Rape of Lady Justice cartoon controversy occurred in response to a cartoon drawn by the cartoonist Zapiro and published in the South African newspaper the Sunday Times on 7 September 2008. The cartoon depicts future South African President Jacob Zuma unbuttoning his pants whilst four men representing key Zuma supporters within the African National Congress (ANC) led tripartite alliance hold down a woman representing Lady Justice indicating that Zuma was about to rape Lady Justice with the assistance and encouragement of the other four men depicted.
The four men, from left to right, are Julius Malema (then leader of the African National Congress Youth League), Gwede Mantashe (a senior ANC leader), Blade Nzimande (general secretary of the South African Communist Party), and Zwelinzima Vavi (General Secretary of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)). The cartoon depicts Mantashe encouraging Zuma by stating "Go for it, boss!"
Political context
In March 2008 the director of National Prosecuting Authority announced that Zuma would face 18 charges of corruption, including more than 700 counts of fraud and money laundering. The case appeared before Judge Nicholson on whether the case against Zuma could proceed. In the months leading up to the verdict Zuma's then political allies made numerous public threats and ad hominem attacks against the judiciary. Malema and Vavi stated that they would "kill for Zuma" if the case went ahead whilst Mantashe called the Constitutional Court judges counter-revolutionaries and stated that the anarchy would break out in South Africa. Nzimande stated that the trial would threaten South Africa's political stability.
Prior to the publication of the cartoon Zuma had been controversially acquitted of allegedly raping Ntsukela Kuzwayo.
Judge Nicholson set aside the National Prosecuting Authority's case against Zuma stating that he could not rule out political interference in it.
Aftermath
The cartoon was criticised for a number of different reasons. Some critics argued that the cartoon trivialised rape in country that is believed to have one of the highest incidences of the crime in the world. Others criticised the cartoon as promoting a South African stereotype that depicts black males as a sexual predators. Zuma's supporters argued that it was an assault on his personal dignity and was slanderous. A formal complaint against the cartoon was lodged with the Human Rights Commission.
Shortly after the cartoon's publication Zuma sued the cartoon's author, Zapiro, for R4 million due to the alleged damage it caused his reputation and an additional R1 million for injury to his dignity. Zuma reduced his claims against Zapiro to R100,000 and a public apology. In 2012 Zuma withdrew his lawsuit against Zapiro.
The cartoon was rated as one of the 15 Historic Cartoons That Changed The World by Buzzfeed in 2013 and one of the 5 most controversial works of art depicting Jacob Zuma by the Sunday Times. Zapiro has stated that out of all the cartoons he has drawn in his career that this one is his favourite.
References
Editorial cartoons
2008 controversies
Cartoon controversies
Jacob Zuma
Politics of South Africa
Rape in South Africa
Rape in fiction
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38553677
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC%20Viktoria%20Plze%C5%88%20in%20European%20football
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FC Viktoria Plzeň in European football
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FC Viktoria Plzeň is a Czech association football club from Plzeň. The club has participated in five seasons of UEFA club competitions, including two seasons in the UEFA Champions League, three seasons in the UEFA Cup and UEFA Europa League and one season in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. The club has played 42 UEFA matches, resulting in 24 wins, 6 draws and 12 defeats. The club's first appearance was in the 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's best performance is reaching the round of 16 of the Europa League, which they managed in the 2012–13 season; they later repeated the performance in the 2013–14 and 2017–18 seasons.
The club plays its home matches at Stadion města Plzně, an all-seater stadium in Plzeň. During the 2011–12 season, the club played European matches at Eden Arena in Prague due to the reconstruction of Plzeň's stadium during the play-off round and group stage of the Champions League.
Key
S = Seasons
P = Played
W = Games won
D = Games drawn
L = Games lost
F = Goals for
A = Goals against
aet = Match determined after extra time
ag = Match determined by away goals rule
QF = Quarter-finals
Group = Group stage
Group 2 = Second group stage
PO = Play-off round
R3 = Round 3
R2 = Round 2
R1 = Round 1
Q3 = Third qualification round
Q2 = Second qualification round
Q1 = First qualification round
Q = Qualification round
All-time statistics
The statistics include qualification matches and is up to date as of 15 March 2018.
The following is a list of the all-time statistics from Viktoria Plzeň's matches in the three UEFA tournaments it has participated in, as well as the overall total. The list contains the tournament, the number of seasons (S), games played (P), won (W), drawn (D) and lost (L), as well as goals for (GF), goals against (GA) and goal difference (GD).
Matches
The following is a complete list of matches played by Viktoria Plzeň in UEFA tournaments. It includes the season, tournament, the stage, the opponent club and its country, the date, the venue and the score, with Viktoria Plzeň's score noted first. It is up to date as of 21 February 2019.
References
Europe
Plzen
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21397703
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Cook%20%28cyclist%29
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Steve Cook (cyclist)
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Steve Cook is an American former professional mountain bike racer, from Durango, Colorado. He was an inaugural inductee into the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame, in 1988.
Cook raced from 1980 to 1988, and his first major event was the NORBA Nationals in 1984, at which he took second place. He also rode his custom mountain bike in cyclo-cross races (in which narrow-tired road cycles are more commonly used), and even took a state championship in that discipline.
After retiring from racing, Cook became the operator of a mountain bike rental shop in Crested Butte, Colorado, where he is also well known for trailblazing, credited with the establishment of the "Single-track" trail network in the area's National Forest.
References
American male cyclists
American mountain bikers
People from Gunnison County, Colorado
People from Durango, Colorado
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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9106537
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang%20Saen%20district
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Chiang Saen district
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Chiang Saen (, ) is a district (amphoe) in the northern part of Chiang Rai province, northern Thailand. Chiang Saen is an important entrepôt for Thailand's trade with other countries on the upper part of Mekong River.
History
According to an ancient chronicle, the original city of Chiang Saen (Chiang: 'offshoot', saen: '100,000') was built in 545 CE in an area called Yonok by Tai migrants from the Chinese province of Yunnan, and was an important city (Southeast Asia Mandala-model mueang) of the Lanna ('million paddies') Kingdom. No reliable written history of the city exists until the arrival of King Mengrai in the 13th century. His grandson, Saen Phu, ruler of the Lanna Kingdom, founded Chiang Saen in 1325 or 1328.
The city was sacked by Chao Kawila of Chiangmai during the reign of Rama I, because it had been the Burmese base of operations in the preceding years. The city was deserted, while its inhabitants resettled in other Bangkok-allied Lanna cities such as Lampang and Chiang Mai. Several ancient ruins are found in the old cities. For example, Wat Pa Sak hosts a well-preserved Lanna-style phrathat.
The mueang was converted into a district at the beginning of the 20th century in the Thesaphiban reforms, with an additional branch or minor district (king amphoe) also named Chiang Saen covering the central area. The minor district was abolished in 1925. The minor district was recreated two years later, then named Chiang Saen Luang (เชียงแสนหลวง). In 1939 the minor district was renamed Chiang Saen, while the former district Chiang Saen became Mae Chan. The minor district was upgraded to a full district on 6 April 1957.
Geography
The Mekong River borders the north end of the district, forming the boundary with Laos. Other important rivers are the Kok and the Ruak River, tributaries of the Mekong. The 1,328 m high Doi Luang Pae Mueang massif (ดอยหลวงแปเมือง) of the Phi Pan Nam Range rises at the eastern end of the district.
Neighbouring districts are (from the east clockwise) Chiang Khong, Doi Luang, Mae Chan, and Mae Sai of Chiang Rai Province. To the north is the Shan State of Myanmar and Bokeo province of Laos.
The area around the confluence of the Mekong with the Ruak River is known as the Golden Triangle. This boundary region with Laos and Myanmar is now a popular tourist area, with several casinos on the Burmese side.
Administration
The district is divided into six sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 72 villages (mubans). Wiang Chiang Saen is a township (thesaban tambon) which covers parts of tambon Wiang. There are a further six tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
Economy
Chiang Saen is to be the site of the Trin Nakara Golden Triangle, a 40 billion baht mixed-used project built by the Innovation Group Co Ltd. It will occupy 3,139 rai in three Chiang Saen sub-districts: Wiang, Pa Sak, and Yonok. The site will include zones for luxury holiday facilities, and with what Trin calls a world-class health centre, condominiums, a premium shopping complex, souvenir shops, an international convention centre and community and local product OTOP stores. The project is expected to create over 10,000 jobs, ranging from labourers to service professionals and industry experts.
The Chiang Saen district is to be the site of the world's tallest flagpole when it is completed in 2020. The pole, to be 189 m tall, the equivalent of a 63-story building, will take about a year to complete at a cost of from 250 million baht to two billion baht. The originator of the project, Mr Trin Nilprasert, aims to promote "Thainess" and Thai identity. The flagpole is to be set in a park complete with a museum and a learning centre. It will fly a Thai flag measuring 60 metres wide by 40 metres and will be visible from 20 kilometres away.
References
External links
Chiang Saen data (Thai)
amphoe.com
Birdwatching in Chiang Saen on thaibirding.com
Yonok Wetlands near Chiang Saen
Chiang Saen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20libertarianism
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Christian libertarianism
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Christian libertarianism is the synthesis of Christian beliefs with libertarian political philosophy, with a focus on beliefs about free will, human nature, and God-given inalienable rights.
As with some other forms of libertarianism, Christian libertarianism holds that what is prohibited by law should be limited to various forms of assault, theft and fraud. Other actions that are forbidden by Christianity can only be disciplined by the church, or in the case of children and teens, one's parents or guardians. Likewise, beliefs such as "love your neighbor as yourself" are not imposed on others so long as the non-aggression principle, which Christian libertarians believe to be foundational, has not been violated.
Definition
According to Andrew Sandlin, an American theologian and author, Christian libertarianism is the view that mature individuals are permitted maximum freedom under God's law.
History
The origins of Christian libertarianism in the United States can be traced back to 18th-century classical liberalism and 19th-century individualist anarchism. According to Austrian School economist and anarcho-capitalist and paleolibertarian theorist Murray Rothbard, of the three libertarian experiments during the European colonization of the Americas in the mid-17th century, all three were begun by nonconformist Protestant groups.
Martin Luther, one of the principal figures of the Protestant Reformation, is referred to as "libertarian" in the introduction to Luther and Calvin on Secular Authority, published by the Cambridge University Press. The term used here is something quite different from the ruggedly individualist ideology of American-libertarian type of right-libertarianism. The book's editor Harro Hopfl states that libertarian as well as egalitarian and communal motifs were part of the texture of Luther's theology.
English Catholic historian and Liberal statesman Lord Acton posited that political liberty is the essential condition and guardian of religious liberty. The Acton Institute, an American Christian conservative libertarian think tank, is named after him.
People
Justin Amash (Orthodox)
Nikolai Berdyaev (Orthodox)
John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton (Roman Catholic)
James W. Fifield Jr. (Congregationalist)
Jesus Huerta de Soto (Roman Catholic)
Gary Johnson (Lutheran)
John Locke (Anglican, Unitarian)
Andrew Napolitano (Roman Catholic)
Albert Jay Nock (Episcopalian)
Joseph Pew (J. Howard Pew Freedom Trust)
Rand Paul (Presbyterian)
Ron Paul (Baptist)
Thomas Woods (Roman Catholic)
See also
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
External links
Summa of the Libertarian Catholic
Libertarianism
Libertarianism
Libertarianism by form
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolve%20%28Coldrain%20album%29
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Evolve (Coldrain album)
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Evolve is the second live DVD by Japanese rock band Coldrain, which was released on April 30, 2014.
The Blu-ray contains the making of the album The Revelation. The end credits of the DVD/Blu-ray is the song "Believe" from the second maxi-single "8AM".
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many of Coldrain's gigs were forced to be postponed or cancelled. To entertain fans during the lockdown period, they released Evolve for free on YouTube for a limited amount of time.
Track listing
"Evolve" was released in CD, DVD and Blu-ray formats.
CD
DVD and Blu-Ray
Blu-ray extra features
Personnel
– lead vocals
– lead guitar
– rhythm guitar, backing vocals
– bass guitar, backing vocals
– drums
Charts
References
External links
Coldrain albums
2014 live albums
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19021846
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czernich%C3%B3w%2C%20Proszowice%20County
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Czernichów, Proszowice County
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Czernichów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koniusza, within Proszowice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.
References
Villages in Proszowice County
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50217081
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condemned%20%282015%20film%29
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Condemned (2015 film)
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Condemned is a 2015 American horror comedy film written and directed by Eli Morgan Gesner. It stars Dylan Penn as a rich youth who moves in with her musician boyfriend (Ronen Rubinstein) at a condemned building populated by drug addicts, prostitutes, and shut-ins. After their water supply is tainted, the inhabitants become violently psychotic and attack each other. It premiered at Screamfest in October, had a limited theatrical release on November 13, 2015, and was released on VOD and DVD on January 5, 2016. It is the theatrical debut of both Gesner and Penn.
Plot
Distraught over her parents' constant fighting, Maya moves in with her boyfriend, Dante, a struggling musician in New York City. Maya, who used to live in a wealthy neighborhood, is initially reluctant to even enter the condemned building in which Dante lives, but he convinces her to give it a chance. Dante explains that Shynola, the superintendent, still lives there, so it has basic plumbing and electricity service. Besides Shynola, the inhabitants include Alexa and Loki, Dante's roommates; Roxy and Big Foot, a transgender prostitute and her pimp; Tess and Vince, formerly-hip junkies; Cookie, who operates a meth lab; Gault and Murphy, death metal S&M gay fetishists; and Hoobler, a recluse nobody has met.
Although Maya gets along with most of the residents, she runs afoul of Gault, who threatens her for her naivety, which he says could bring the attention of the police and cause a raid. After Loki showers, his roommates initially believe him to be sick, but his apparent fever becomes worse, driving him to hallucinate and act erratically. Maya attempts to call the authorities for help, but when Gault objects, Dante quickly stops her, accidentally destroying her cell phone. Maya and Dante notice the other inhabitants exhibit bizarre, aggressive behavior. Years of poor plumbing have mixed together toxic chemicals, infected drug paraphernalia, and diseased human refuse, and the building's tap water now causes violent psychosis.
Cookie steps out to deliver a new batch of drugs, bolting the doors closed behind him. Two incompetent NYPD officers accidentally kill him, leaving the building's inhabitants trapped. Dante enlists Vince to help search for Loki, who has disappeared. At the same time, Alexa becomes violent, and Maya knocks out Big Foot when he attacks Roxy. After showing signs of infection, Vince stabs several people, and Tess aggressively rants about gentrification to Maya before being killed by Big Foot. As Vince and Big Foot attack each other, Maya escapes and reunites with Dante. The two search for uninfected people to help them but encounter only more violence and mayhem as their former friends kill each other.
Murphy chases them into a bathroom, but he dies to his lover, Gault. Maya escapes through a small hole in the wall and retrieves a weapon for Dante. After fighting past Gault, Dante becomes stuck in rotted flooring and urges Maya to flee the approaching Gault. Dante falls through the floor, leaving Maya alone to confront Gault, who alternately expresses remorse and threatens to kill her. Hoobler, dressed in a hazmat suit, suddenly appears and kills Gault. As Hoobler urges Maya to contact the authorities, Loki kills him and chases her into the hole to the sewers Dante fell through.
Dante and Maya flee further into the sewers, but Dante's injured foot slows them down. Dante confronts Loki, killing him but becoming infected in the process. As he grows increasingly hostile toward Maya, she runs to a sewer grate and calls for help. The cops who accidentally killed Cookie earlier see her, and she blacks out. When she comes to, she is in a hospital. She cries out for Dante, hallucinating horrific imagery that involves the attending doctors, and they restrain her. While she struggles violently and threatens to kill them, a CDC official orders the entire block to be quarantined. As two earlier cops discuss their own heroism, Dante is seen roaming the sewers.
Cast
Dylan Penn as Maya
Ronen Rubinstein as Dante
Genevieve Hudson-Price as Alexa
Honor Titus as Loki
Kevin Smith Kirkwood as Roxy
Lydia Hearst as Tess
Jon Abrahams as Vince
Perry Yung as Cookie
Johnny Messner as Gault
Jordan Gelber as Big Foot
Anthony Chisholm as Shynola
Michael DeMello as Murphy
Nick Damici as Hoobler
Kea Ho as Herself
Production
The initial concept for the film dates back to 2006, when Gesner was working on an unrelated independent film. During a lull in production, he wrote the basic script for Condemned, then optioned it several times throughout the years. Gesner, a New York native, wanted to set his film in New York but had trouble finding a believable way to isolate his characters and make them difficult for authorities to rescue. Recalling his youth spent exploring condemned buildings, he realized he could use that as a setting. The outbreak was designed to present the characters as having retained their personalities and possibly be capable of saving. Gesner disliked how in traditional zombie films the characters were irrevocably changed into enemies and wanted to make killing loved ones more of a difficult decision. Casting did not intentionally focus on the children of celebrities. Gesner said he and Penn met with each other, unconvinced of each other's skill, but came away impressed. Gesner cited Penn's inexperience as a plus for her character, as Maya is intended to be inexperienced and out of place. Shooting began in April 2014 in New York City's Upper East Side.
In June 2020, the film's costume designer Stacy Berman told The Daily Beast that actor Johnny Messner had exposed himself to her during a costume fitting. Berman and Jack Heller went to the film's lead-producer Dallas Sonnier in an attempt to get Messner fired, to which Sonnier refused to do. Sonnier had previously been accused of downplaying on-set abuses on VFW and Satanic Panic, both films produced by Sonnier's Cinestate. Berman's assistant Samantha Hawkins and five unnamed crew members allege that Sonnier had also made actress Dylan Penn uncomfortable by asking her to remove her bra before filming a scene with Messner. Director Eli Morgan Gesner confirmed Sonnier's poor treatment of the cast and crew. Rayna Savrosa, the film's production designer, claimed her poor experience on set made her leave the film industry.
Release
Condemned world premiere took place at Screamfest on October 18, 2015. Image Entertainment gave it a limited released on November 13, 2015, and it was released on DVD on January 5, 2016.
Reception
Rotten Tomatoes reports that 25% of eight surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 4.4/10. Metacritic rated it 14/100 based on four reviews. Geoff Berkshire of Variety called it a forgettable horror film that squanders an opportunity to make a countercultural exploitation film like the work of Frank Henenlotter or John Waters. Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter called it "one of the most egregiously awful horror films in recent memory", citing the special effects as the only highlight. Noel Murray of the Los Angeles Times called it "a stylish, pointless exercise in sleaze". Chris Coffel of Bloody Disgusting rated it 2/5 stars and compared it negatively to Street Trash, saying that it "just feels gross to be gross and is in general kind of boring".
Matt Boiselle of Dread Central rated it 2.5/5 stars and wrote that it may please gorehounds who are not put off by the overly odd characters. Chris Alexander wrote in Shock Till You Drop that the film's negative reception is unwarranted, as it is an amusing black comedy that is memorable for its disorienting shifts between Troma-style splatter and serious drama.
References
External links
2015 films
2015 black comedy films
2015 comedy horror films
American films
American black comedy films
American comedy horror films
2010s English-language films
Films set in New York City
Films shot in New York City
Gay-related films
LGBT-related comedy horror films
American splatter films
American zombie comedy films
2015 directorial debut films
2015 LGBT-related films
American LGBT-related films
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9984137
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20and%20absolute%20ground%20rent
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Differential and absolute ground rent
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Differential ground rent and absolute ground rent are concepts used by Karl Marx in the third volume of Das Kapital to explain how the capitalist mode of production would operate in agricultural production, under the condition where most agricultural land was owned by a social class of land-owners who obtained rent income from those who farmed the land. The farm work could be done by the landowner himself, the tenant of the landowner, or by hired farm workers. Rent as an economic category is regarded by Marx as one form of surplus value just like net interest income, net production taxes and industrial profits.
Aim of the theory
In good part, Marx's theory is a critique of David Ricardo's Law of rent, and it examines with detailed numerical examples how the relative profitability of capital investments in agriculture is affected by the productivity, fertility, and location of farmland, as well as by capital expenditure on land improvements. Ricardo conceptualized rent income essentially as an "unearnt" income in excess of true production costs, and he analyzed how some farm owners could obtain such an extra profit because of farming conditions which were more favourable than elsewhere.
Marx aims to show that capitalism turns agriculture into a business like any other, operated for purely commercial motives; and that the ground rents appropriated by landowners are a burden for the industrial bourgeoisie both because they imply an additional production-cost and because they raise the prices of agricultural output. More specifically, Marx intended to show how the law of value governed capitalist farming, just like it governed capitalist industry.
The peculiarity of capitalism in agriculture is that commerce has to adapt to physical factors such as climate, altitude and soil quality, the relative inelasticity of agricultural supply, and the impact of bad harvests on international prices for farm products. Eventually, however, the production of farm products is completely reorganized according to the exchange-value of farm output – foodstuffs are then produced mainly according to their expected trading value in the market (this is not always completely true, e.g. because it may be feasible to cultivate only a limited variety of crops, or run a limited variety of cattle on particular lands, or because there is no perfect knowledge about what the market will do in the future, if there is great price volatility, climate uncertainty etc.).
Law of value
According to Marx, the operation of the law of value and the formation of prices of production was modified in capitalist agriculture, because prices for farm output were co-determined by land yields and land ownership-rents quite independently of labor-productivity. For example, a poor harvest in a major agricultural region due to adverse weather conditions, or the monopolization of the supply of farmland, could have a big effect on world market prices for farm products. Marx extends his theory of agricultural rents to building rents and mine rents, and considers the effect of rent income on land prices.
Theoretical significance
This theory is the least known part of Marx's economic writings, and among the more difficult ones, because earnings from farm work can be affected by many different variables, even at a highly abstract level of analysis. However the theory became very important to neo-Marxists such as Ernest Mandel and Cyrus Bina who interpreted late capitalism as a form of increasingly parasitic rentier capitalism in which surplus profits are obtained by capitalists from monopolising the access to resources, assets and technologies under conditions of imperfect competition. Marxist writers such as Cyrus Bina have extended the concept of rents to oil rents.
Sources
Marx's main texts on rent theory can be found in the second (edited) volume of Theories of Surplus Value and in Part 6 of Capital, Volume III. Gibson & Esfahani (1983) comment that:
Rent in macro-economics
Another possible reason for the relative obscurity of the theory is that in modern macro-economic statistics and national accounts, no separate and comprehensive data are provided on the amounts of land rents and subsoil rents charged and earned, because they are not officially regarded as part of value-added, and consequently are not included in the calculation of GDP (except for the value of productive lease contracts). The tax data on land transactions are unreliable because of valuation inconsistencies.
The underlying conceptual argument in national accounts is, simply put, that such rents do not reflect earnings generated by production and are unrelated to production, and consequently that such earnings do not make a net addition to the value of new output. Implicitly, therefore, many land rents are treated as if they are a transfer of income. Typically only the annual value of expenditure on land improvements and the value of leases of productive equipment are recorded as "productive", value-adding earnings.
In Marx's theory, however, land rents do not simply reflect a property income gained from the ownership of an asset, but are a real element of surplus value and consequently of the value product, insofar as those rents are a flow of earnings which must be paid out of the new value created by the current production of primary products on the land. Such rents are according to Marx, part of the total cost-structure of capitalist production, and a component of the value of agricultural output.
Forms of differential ground rent
Suppose for example that the ruling world market price for quality wheat is about US$350 per tonne f.o.b. Even if two investors have the exactly same amount of capital to invest in wheat production, the economics of producing wheat at that price are going to be quite different, depending on the actual yields (the productivity) of the land they use. The same amount of money invested in wheat production on area A yields a bigger crop of wheat and more profit than on area B, if A is more productive, fertile, better situated etc. than B.
But not only that – given a known yield per hectare and a known price per ton of wheat, it may be either economic or uneconomic to produce wheat on particular soils. There exists a “hierarchy of soil types”, and if market demand and prices rise, more of the less productive (or marginal) land may be cultivated; if demand and prices fall, less of the marginal land may be cultivated.
Differential rent I
That situation is the basis of what Marx calls "Differential rent I". It means that the investor who places capital to produce wheat on the more productive lands reaps an extra-profit or rent for his capital, on that land. This rent, of course, varies according to the total supply and demand of wheat and the ruling market price for wheat.
However, the income from wheat production will also depend not just on soil quality but on the number of hectares of each kind of soil being cultivated. Thus the supply of wheat and the wheat price, and consequently the rents obtained from their fluctuation, will also be influenced by e.g. whether the expansion of wheat production in response to growing demand occurs on better or worse soils.
Differential Rent II
In addition, the profitability and productivity of wheat production may also be influenced by the ‘’actual amount of capital invested per acre’’. Marx calls this Differential rent II and he examines what would be the effect of more capital-intensive agriculture when the production price remains stable, and when it falls, while the extra yield from additional capital investments varies.
Summary
The theory of Differential rent I shows how extra profit is transformed into rent by equal quantities of capital being invested on different lands of unequal productivity, while the theory of Differential Rent II refers to the difference in profitability resulting from unequal amounts of capital being invested successively and intensively on different plots of land of the same type. Differential rent II implies the appropriation of surplus profits created by temporary differences in yield, which are due to the application of unequal capitals to the same type of lands.
Absolute ground rent
The absolute ground rent is sometimes explained as the rent which landowners can extract because they monopolise the access to or supply of land, and sometimes as the rent which arises due to the difference between the product-values and prices of production of output in agriculture, because of a lower than average organic composition of capital in agriculture as compared with industry.
According to Marx's own concept, absolute rent cannot exist when the organic composition of capital in agriculture becomes higher than the social average. Marx envisaged that labour productivity would be higher in manufacturing than in agriculture, for the longer term, reflecting the fact that the organic composition of capital (the ratio C/V) was higher in manufacturing than in agriculture. This implied, that in agriculture the value of output produced was persistently higher than the production price of that output.
Physiocratic school
Another definition for ground rent or absolute ground rent originates from the 18th-century French school of political economy called the Physiocrats. They sought to bring logical analysis to bear on governmental questions. They arrived at the conclusion that "ground rents" should be the source of most or all taxes. They defined ground rent as that portion of all rent which is attributable only to the size and location of the parcel. For instance, say you own a parcel of land. If everything you grew or built on that land burned . . . then you could still lease it out for its ground rent (its locational value). The Physiocrats noted that the owner is in no way responsible for any increase in the "locational" value of his parcel. A particular location is only made more valuable because more people come to live around it. Since it is society as a whole which gives ground rent its value . . . they reasoned that society should regain part of that value in tax revenue.
See also
Economic rent
Law of Rent
Superprofit
Surplus value
Value product
Rentier state
Rentier capitalism
References
External links
Capitalist ground rent
Marxian economics
Renting
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52759736
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%20in%20Norway
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2017 in Norway
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Events in the year 2017 in Norway.
Incumbents
Monarch – Harald V
Prime Minister – Erna Solberg (Conservative).
Events
1 January
The Church of Norway was partially disestablished and demoted from state church to national church.
The number of municipalities in Norway decreased from 428 to 426 as Sandefjord municipality incorporated Andebu and Stokke municipalities.
11 January – Norway starts a complete switch-off of national FM radio stations.
11 September – the 2017 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Popular culture
Music
28 January – Presentation of the Spellemannprisen awards
11 March – Selection of the contributor of Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017
Sports
13–15 January – The 2017 Norwegian Figure Skating Championships were held at Hamar.
26 March – Ketil Tømmernes was elected new president of the Norwegian Athletics Association
27 March – the announcement that Inge Andersen was sacked as secretary-general of the Norwegian Confederation of Sports, having served since 2004
Film
15–21 January – Tromsø International Film Festival 2017. Films shown at the festival included Tungeskjærerne, Christine, Neruda, Nowhere To Hide, Fluefangeren, Ishavsblod and La La Land.
Television
Last season of the television series Skam (2015–2017). The series attracted international attention, and the concept has been sold to several countries.
Anniversaries
2 May – 25 years since the EEA Agreement was signed
15 May – 150 years since the birth of polar explorer Hjalmar Johansen.
6 June – 25 years since Fantoft Stave Church was destroyed by arson, sparking a wave of church arsons
14 June – 100 years since the birth of mathematician Atle Selberg.
15 June – 100 years since the death of physicist Kristian Birkeland.
4 August – 150 years since the birth of linguist Olaf Broch, a pioneer researcher of Slavic dialects.
8 August – 200 years since the birth of social researcher Eilert Sundt.
14 October – 200 years since the birth of suffragist Marcus Thrane.
13 December – 150 years since the birth of Kristian Birkeland.
Notable deaths
6 January – Ivar A. Mjør, odontologist (b. 1933).
7 January – Einfrid Perstølen, psychiatrist and language proponent (b. 1917).
7 January – Stein Gauslaa, newspaper editor (b. 1948).
8 January – Svennik Høyer, political scientist (b. 1931).
9 January – Jens Christian Magnus, officer and politician (b. 1920).
10 January – Oddvar Barlie, sports wrestler (b. 1929).
18 January – Bjarne Grevsgard, radio executive (b. 1948).
18 January – Gullow Gjeseth, Army officer (b. 1937).
18 January – Ståle Wikshåland, musicologist (b. 1953).
21 January – Carl-Fredrik Michelet Tidemann, army physician (b. 1932).
22 January – Merete Armand, actress (b. 1955).
22 January – Lisbeth Korsmo, speed skater (b. 1948).
25 January – Arne Asper, businessperson (b. 1923).
27 January – Wanda Hjort Heger, social worker (b. 1921).
29 January – Willy Fossli, footballer (b. 1931).
29 January – Olav Smidsrød, biochemist (b. 1936).
1 February – Oskar A. Munch, businessperson (b. 1928).
7 February – Gunnar Løvhøiden, physicist (b. 1939).
8 February – Kjell Heggelund, literary researcher, poet and translator (b. 1932).
11 February – Knut Kleve, philologist (b. 1926).
11 February – Eivind Hjelmtveit, cultural administrator (b. 1926).
12 February – Åsleik Engmark, comedian (b. 1965).
13 February – Odd Tandberg, painter (b. 1924).
14 February – Anne Aaserud, art historian (b. 1942).
14 February – Gunnar Edvard Gundersen, politician (b. 1927).
16 February – Terje Dahl, jockey (b. 1935).
17 February – Just Faaland, economist (b. 1922).
19 February – Kaci Kullmann Five, politician (b. 1951).
22 February – Dag Østerberg, sociologist and musicologist (b. 1938).
25 February – Jan Hoem, demographer (b. 1939).
28 February – Jarle Høysæter, journalist (b. 1933).
28 February – Eigil Nansen, architect and humanitarian (b. 1931).
3 March – Anne Kristin Sydnes, politician (b. 1956).
3 March – Thor Tjøntveit, aviator (b. 1936).
5 March – Ivar J. Hauge, politician (b. 1936).
7 March – Henning Kramer Dahl, poet (b. 1956).
9 March – Jacqueline Naze Tjøtta, mathematician (b. 1935).
12 March – Sverre Bergh Johansen, diplomat (b. 1939).
16 March – Hans Brattrud, designer (b. 1933).
16 March – Arne Høivik, footballer (b. 1932).
19 March – Martin Mork, oceanographer (b. 1933).
21 March – Arne Herjuaune, speed skater (b. 1945).
23 March – Sølvi Sogner, historian (b. 1932).
23 March – Arnfinn Lund, horse trainer (b. 1935).
25 March – Asbjørn Hansen, footballer (b. 1930).
26 March – Audun Bakke, editor (b. 1933).
3 April – Leif Klette, fencer (b. 1927).
6 April – Rolf Sagen, author (b. 1940).
6 April – Jan Mikkelsen, politician (b. 1933).
7 April – Frans Widerberg, painter (b. 1934).
9 April – Knut Borge, journalist and entertainer (b. 1949).
10 April – Bab Christensen, actress (b. 1928).
10 April – Øyvind Klingberg, pianist and showman (b. 1943).
18 April – Arild Engh, drummer (b. 1946).
22 April – Bjarte Eikeset, judge and politician (b. 1937).
23 April – Kjell Raaheim, psychologist (b. 1930).
25 April – Rolf Fjeldvær, politician (b. 1926).
25 April – Tor Espedal, businessperson (b. 1934).
27 April – Sigurd B. Hennum, journalist (b. 1930).
30 April – Anders Omholt, physicist (b. 1926).
2 May – Ole Meier Kjerkol, politician (b. 1946).
2 May – Harry Herstad, politician (b. 1946).
3 May – John Bjørnebye, diplomat (b. 1941).
7 May – Eivind Eckbo, politician (b. 1927).
7 May – Svend Wam, film director (b. 1946).
8 May – Kåre Opdal, alpine skier (b. 1931).
11 May – Walter Kolstad, trade unionist (b. 1931).
12 May – Eva Lange, painter (b. 1944).
16 May – Ivar S. A. Isaksen, meteorologist (b. 1937).
17 May – Tor Morisse, illustrator and cartoonist (b. 1947).
18 May – Tor Fredrik Rasmussen, geographer (b. 1926).
19 May – Reidar Torp, military officer (b. 1922).
21 May – Anne Nyutstumo, performer (b. 1958).
24 May – William Duborgh Jensen, designer (b. 1935).
1 June – Ludvig Hope Faye, politician (b. 1934).
3 June – Kolbjørn Skaare, numismatician (b. 1931).
6 June – Ragnhild Queseth Haarstad, politician (b. 1939).
7 June – Jan Høiland, singer (b. 1939)
8 June – Morten Ågheim, ski jumper (b. 1980)
9 June – Frank A. Jenssen, journalist, photographer, novelist and musician (b. 1952).
11 June – Ragnar Rommetveit, psychologist (b. 1927).
16 June – Hans Olav Tungesvik, politician (b. 1936).
18 June – Ola Skarholt, orienteer (b. 1939).
18 June – Kristian Tambs, psychologist (b. 1951).
20 June – Frode Larsen, footballer (b. 1949).
20 June – Fredrik Skagen, crime writer (b. 1936)
22 June – Arne Garvang, musician (b. 1949).
24 June – Steinar Mediaas, journalist (b. 1946).
24 June – Hroar Stange, politician (b. 1921).
26 June – Kåre Ellingsgård, politician (b. 1926).
5 July – Peter Pran, architect (b. 1935).
7 July – Egil Monn-Iversen, music leader (b. 1928)
7 July – Elisabeth Armand, writer (b. 1923).
8 July – Siri Austeng, politician (b. 1944).
9 July – Einar Myklebust, architect (b. 1920).
13 July – Egil Kapstad, pianist (b. 1940).
14 July – Lillebet Foss, sculptor and painter (b. 1930).
17 July – Torvild Aakvaag, businessperson (b. 1927).
Wilhelm Blystad, businessperson (b. 1951).
24 July – Jørgen Kosmo, politician (b. 1947).
24 July – Øivind Solheim, ice hockey player (b. 1928).
28 July – Runa Førde, painter and illustrator (b. 1933).
28 July – Stein Mehren, poet (b. 1935).
28 July – Håvard Holm, civil servant (b. 1943).
29 July – Hans-Jakob Brun, museum director (b. 1942).
2 August – Tore Bøgh, diplomat (b. 1924).
7 August – Tor Røste Fossen, football manager (b. 1940).
7 August – Kjellfred Weum, hurdler (b. 1940).
20 August – Karin Bang, novelist (b. 1928).
27 August – Tore Bongo, politician (b. 1952).
28 August – Rikard Olsvik, politician (b. 1930).
3 September – Tom Amundsen, sport rower and physician (b. 1943).
6 September – Hugo Wathne, sculptor (b. 1932).
9 September – Frank Aarebrot, political scientist (b. 1947).
13 September – Per Fugelli, professor of medicine (b. 1943).
13 September – Svein Valla, molecular biologist (b. 1948).
15 September – Frode Granhus, crime writer (b. 1965).
17 September – Sven Oluf Sørensen, physicist (b. 1920).
17 September – Per Kleiva, painter (b. 1933).
19 September – Else Marie Christiansen, speed skater (b. 1921).
19 September – Anker Hagen, sport shooter (b. 1920).
20 September – Arne Solli, Chief of Defence (b. 1938).
23 September – Aline Nistad, trombonist (b. 1954).
24 September – Tharald Brøvig Jr., ship-owner (b. 1942).
25 September – Hans Nylund, footballer (b. 1939).
26 September – Sigmund Vangsnes, educationalist (b. 1926).
29 September – Tore Lindbekk, sociologist (b. 1933).
30 September – Gunnar Thoresen, footballer (b. 1920).
2 October – Øyvin Norborg, editor (b. 1939).
3 October – Carsten Henrik Schanche, businessperson (b. 1922).
7 October – Jan Arvid Johansen, singer (b. 1947).
8 October – Lise Vislie, educationalist (b. 1932).
22 October – Atle Hammer, trumpetist (b. 1932).
28 October – Leif Ottersen, singer (b. 1928).
1 November – Tor Henriksen, politician (b. 1933).
8 November – Bjarne Semb, physician (b. 1939).
9 November – Grete Berget, politician (b. 1954).
10 November – Knut Mørkved, diplomat (b. 1938).
11 November – Baard Owe, actor (b. 1936).
11 November – Lars Oftedal Broch, Supreme Court justice (b. 1939).
11 November – Willy Johan Fredriksen, diplomat (b. 1930).
12 November – Børre Olsen, jewel designer (b. 1964).
17 November – Edvin Helseth, furniture designer (b. 1925).
23 November – Ingrid I. Willoch, politician (b. 1943).
25 November – Stein Robert Ludvigsen, music producer and impresario (b. 1943).
1 December – Åshild Hauan, politician (b. 1941).
2 December – Dag Åkeson Moe, television presenter.
3 December – Kjell Opseth, politician (b. 1936).
3 December – Solveig Høysæter, magazine editor (b. 1932).
5 December – Svein Scharffenberg, actor (b. 1939).
13 December – Noralv Teigen, actor (b. 1932).
17 December – Ingmund Holtås, skier (b. 1933).
18 December – Johan C. Løken, politician (b. 1944).
19 December – Harry Sønsterød, resistance member (b. 1921).
21 December – Halvard Kausland, musician (b. 1945).
29 December – Odd Fossengen, motorcycle speedway rider (b. 1945).
30 December – Ole Fyrand, physician (b. 1937).
See also
2017 in Norwegian music
References
Norway
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25420376
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phunoi%20people
|
Phunoi people
|
The Phunoi (; Lao: ຜູ້ນ້ອຍ; also spelled Phu Noi or Phounoi, and called Côông, Cống, or formerly Khong in Vietnam) are a tribal people of Laos, Northern Thailand, and Vietnam. They are related to the Mpi people and the Bisu people.
Etymology
"Phunoi" means "little man" in various Tai languages and is not this ethnic group's original name, which is probably "Khong".
Distribution
There are approximately 35,600 Phunoi in Laos and 1,300 in Vietnam (the 1960 census indicated that there were approximately 6,500 at that time). In Laos, many Phunoi live in Phongsali Province (around the town of Phongsali), Louang Namtha Province, and Houaphanh Province. Some also live in Luang Phrabang Province and Vientiane Province, the remnant of those serving in the Royal Lao Armed Forces.
Culture
They speak Phunoi, a Tibeto-Burman language that is classified as one of the Loloish languages. The community is divided into several clans, each with its own taboos and customs for ancestor worship. Their primary occupation is slash-and-burn agriculture. They also produce a variety of handicrafts, most notably rattan baskets and mats.
References
Further reading
The Akha and Phu Noi Minorities of Laos in the 1920s. Henri Roux. 2011. White Lotus Press.
External links
Vietnam National Administration of Tourism
Ethnic groups in Laos
Ethnic groups in Vietnam
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27332486
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Prussien
|
Le Prussien
|
Le Prussien is a 1971 French made-for-television film directed by Jean L'Hôte and starring Edmond Beauchamp. It is Isabelle Huppert's film debut.
Cast
Edmond Beauchamp - Le 'Prussien'
Françoise Lugagne - Lucie
Alfred Adam - Victor
Jacques Rispal - Auguste
Denise Bailly - Madeleine
Jeanne Hardeyn - Marguerite
Mélanie Brévan - Marie-Thérèse
Isabelle Huppert - Elisabeth
Freddy Schluck - Jules
Marc Chapiteau - Paul
Max Doria - Alfred
Andrée Tainsy - Yvonne
Alexandre Rignault - Le notaire
Jacques Maginot - Le fossoyeur
See also
Isabelle Huppert on screen and stage
References
External links
1971 films
French films
Films directed by Jean L'Hôte
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10616676
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20hesperiid%20genera%3AI
|
List of hesperiid genera:I
|
The large Lepidoptera family Hesperiidae (skippers) contains the following genera:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hesperiid genera I
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51383886
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saidi%20Makula
|
Saidi Makula
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Saidi Juma Makula (born 1 August 1994) is a Tanzanian long distance runner who specialises in the marathon. He competed in the men's marathon event at the 2016 Summer Olympics where he finished in 43rd place with a time of 2:17:49.
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Tanzanian male long-distance runners
Tanzanian male marathon runners
Place of birth missing (living people)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Tanzania
Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Tanzania
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38718561
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being%20Human%20%28North%20American%20season%203%29
|
Being Human (North American season 3)
|
Being Human is a supernatural drama television series developed for North American television by Jeremy Carver and Anna Fricke, based upon the British series of the same name created by Toby Whithouse. The series premiered on Syfy and Space Channel on January 17, 2011 with a thirteen episode first season and tells the story of Aidan (Sam Witwer) and Josh (Sam Huntington), a vampire and a werewolf respectively, who move into a new apartment only to discover that it is haunted by the ghost of a previous tenant, Sally (Meaghan Rath). Together, the three of them discover that being human is not as easy as it seems.
Season 3 began on January 14, 2013, and features several changes to the core dynamics of the group: Josh is no longer cursed to be a werewolf, Sally is brought back from the dead at the expense of killing her loved ones and slowly rotting away, and Aidan is threatened by a deadly virus that kills vampires. Amy Aquino joins the cast as the witch Donna who is responsible for bringing back Sally, but at a steep price, as does Xander Berkeley as Liam McLean, the father of the purebred twins from season 2 who is looking for his daughter after learning his son has been killed by a vampire.
Cast
Main cast
Sam Witwer as Aidan Waite
Meaghan Rath as Sally Malik
Sam Huntington as Josh Levison
Kristen Hager as Nora Sargeant
Recurring cast
Bobby Campo as Max
Connor Price as Kenny Fisher
Pat Kiely as Nick Fenn
Xander Berkeley as Liam McLean
Deanna Russo as Kat
Susanna Fournier as Zoe Gonzalez
Lydia Doesburg as Erin Shephard
Robert Naylor as Stevie Adkins
Amy Aquino as Donna Gilchrist
Mark Pellegrino as James Bishop
Kyle Schmid as Henry Durham
Alison Louder as Emily Levison
Andreas Apergis as Ray
Erica Deutshman as Beth
Imogen Haworth as Holly
Ellen David as Ilana Myers
Angela Galuppo as Bridget
Dawn Ford as Dutch Woman
Episodes
References
External links
2013 American television seasons
2013 Canadian television seasons
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5307131
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred.%20Olsen%20Cruise%20Lines
|
Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines
|
Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines is a UK-based, Norwegian-owned cruise shipping line with four cruise ships. The company is owned by Bonheur and Ganger Rolf and is headquartered in Ipswich, Suffolk, in the United Kingdom. The company is part of the Fred. Olsen Group.
History
The company originated in Hvitsten, a small town on Oslofjord in Norway, in 1848 by three Olsen brothers, Fredrik Christian, Petter and Andras, who bought their first ships and began an international shipping company. The company is now into the fifth generation of the family and operates various companies skilled within the cruise and passenger shipping trade, as well as aviation, ships' crewing, ship building and offshore industries. The Fred. Olsen group also has business interests in the luxury hotel sector, estate management, property development and electronics companies.
In May 2006 Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines announced the purchase of a new vessel, Norwegian Crown, from Norwegian Cruise Line. Following delivery of the vessel in November 2007, she was dry-docked for refurbishment and lengthening, with a pre-built 30 metre centre section added. She was renamed Balmoral and entered service early in 2008. This was followed by the extension of Braemar in summer 2008. A new centre section was added, with new cabins and public rooms, increasing the size from to (approx).
In 2018 Fred. Olsen announced that a series of 600-passenger-newbuilts is planned and they are in negotiatings with shipyards, but those newbuilts were never ordered.
In July 2020, Fred. Olsen bought the former Holland America Line ships Amsterdam and Rotterdam for $37m and renamed them Bolette and Borealis
respectively, they will be delivered in September 2020. They will replace the Boudicca and the Black Watch, which were retired in August 2020.
Fleet
Current fleet
Former ships
Destinations and cruise holidays
For most of the year, the ships are based in UK ports. A winter Caribbean fly-cruise programme on Braemar operates from Barbados.
Destinations include Northern Europe, the Baltic, the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, the Canary Islands, the Caribbean, Africa, Canada, the United States and South America
Operations
Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines operates smaller scale cruise ships, ranging in size from 24,000 to (approx), currently a fleet of five cruise ships, the ambience on board is traditionally British.
References
External links
Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines official website
Fakta om Fartyg: Fred. Olsen (covers ships of all Fred. Olsen brands, past and present)
Cruisepage.com Review
Photos of Black Watch and other Fred Olsen cruise ships
Photos of the current Fred. Olsen Cruises fleet
Shipping companies of Norway
Cruise lines
Fred. Olsen & Co.
Companies based in Suffolk
Transport companies established in 1848
Norwegian companies established in 1848
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64337173
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Marty
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Frédéric Marty
|
Frédéric Ladislas Joseph Marty (23 June 1911 in Albi, Tarn – 14 June 1940, Gulf of Finland) was a French mathematician.
Frédéric Marty's father was the mathematician Joseph Marty (1885–1914), who taught at the lycée d'Albi and as a French army officer was killed in action in WW I.
Frédéric Marty received his doctorate in 1931 from the École normale supérieure (ENS). After that he was a maître de conférences at Aix-Marseille University. He was a French Air Force lieutenant in WW II and was a victim of the Aero Flight 1631 shootdown when he was a diplomatic courier on board a Finnish plane that was shot down by the Soviet Air Force.
Marty is known in the theory of normal families for Marty's theorem. This theorem from his dissertation states that for any family of meromorphic functions, is normal if and only if 's derived family of spherical derivatives is locally bounded. Marty also founded the theory of hypergroups and hyperstructures. He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematics (ICM) 1936 in Oslo.
References
1911 births
1940 deaths
20th-century French mathematicians
Complex analysts
French military personnel killed in World War II
École Normale Supérieure alumni
Aix-Marseille University faculty
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Finland
Victims of aircraft shootdowns
French Air Force personnel of World War II
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11912999
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20de%20San%20Bernardo
|
Martha de San Bernardo
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Martha de San Bernardo, P.C.C., was a 17th-century Colettine Poor Clare who was first Filipino woman to become a Roman Catholic nun; she served on Macao. The cause for her canonization has been submitted.
Biography
While her birth name is lost, it is recorded that she was a ladina (a Spanish-speaking native of the Philippines who had no Spanish ancestry) who belonged to an affluent and influential family from Pampanga on the island of Luzon, then part of the Spanish East Indies. Inspired by the lives of the Colettine Clares who had arrived from Spain in 1621 under the leadership of Mother Jerónima de la Asunción, P.C.C., and established the Royal Monastery of Santa Clara in Intramuros, she wished to become a nun herself. In this, she was able to secure the support of the monastic community. Due, however, to the colonial regulations of the Spanish Empire which ruled the islands and the existing racial prejudices of the period, she was barred from admission.
Instead, in 1633, with the assistance of the Minister General of the Franciscans, she was sent to a newly opened monastery in the Portuguese colony of Macau. Together with several Spanish postulants, she was formally received into the Colettine Order onboard a ship sailing the South China Sea, at which time she was given the religious name by which she is now known.
The precise details of Mother De San Bernardo's death are unrecorded. The Colettines officially give the years 1639-40, saying that she died in Macau while on mission.
Veneration
The cause for Martha de San Bernardo's canonization has been put forward, but it is still awaiting approval by the Congregation for the Causes of Saints of the Holy See.
See also
San Lorenzo Ruiz, the first Filipino to be canonised
Ignacia del Espiritu Santo
Religious of the Virgin Mary
References
External links
People from Pampanga
17th-century Filipino people
Filipino Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
Colettine Poor Clares
Year of death unknown
Year of birth unknown
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31272345
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate%20at%20the%202009%20World%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20kumite%2075%20kg
|
Karate at the 2009 World Games – Men's kumite 75 kg
|
The men's 75 kg tournament in karate at the 2009 World Games was held on July 25 at the National Sun Yat-Sen University Gymnasium.
Medalists
Round robin
Group A
Group B
Knock-out stage
External links
2009 World Games Info system
Men's kumite 75 kg
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10612427
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Elam
|
Frederick Elam
|
Frederick William Elam (13 September 1871 – 19 March 1943) was an English first-class cricketer, who played two matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club, against Nottinghamshire in 1900 and Worcestershire in 1902. He played for the Yorkshire Second XI as late as 1919.
Born in Hunslet, Leeds, Yorkshire, England, Elam was a right-handed batsman, who scored 48 runs at an average of 24, with a best of 28 at Trent Bridge. His right arm fast medium bowling was not called upon.
Elam died in March 1943 in Headingley, Leeds.
References
External links
Cricinfo Profile
Cricket Archive Statistics
1871 births
1943 deaths
Yorkshire cricketers
People from Hunslet
English cricketers
Cricketers from Yorkshire
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26736040
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking%20Bad%20%28season%202%29
|
Breaking Bad (season 2)
|
The second season of the American television drama series Breaking Bad premiered on March 8, 2009 and concluded on May 31, 2009. It consisted of 13 episodes, each running approximately 47 minutes in length. AMC broadcast the second season on Sundays at 10:00 pm in the United States. The complete second season was released on Region 1 DVD and Region A Blu-ray on March 16, 2010.
Cast
Main
Bryan Cranston as Walter White, a terminally ill high school chemistry teacher in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Walt runs a drug business with his partner Jesse.
Anna Gunn as Skyler White, Walt's pregnant wife and a bookkeeper for the firm Beneke Fabricators.
Aaron Paul as Jesse Pinkman, a laid-back, small-time drug dealer and cooker who is in partnership with Walter White.
Dean Norris as Hank Schrader, Walt and Skyler's brother-in-law and a DEA agent.
Betsy Brandt as Marie Schrader
RJ Mitte as Walter White Jr.
Recurring
Guest
Jonathan Banks as Mike Ehrmantraut
Episodes
The titles of the first, fourth, tenth, and thirteenth episodes form a sentence which reveals an event that takes place in the season finale (Seven Thirty-Seven Down Over ABQ).
Production
The writers of Breaking Bad planned the storyline for the entire season in advance of filming and knew how the season would end right from the beginning. That differed from subsequent seasons, in which the writers did not have a complete plan and developed the storyline as the episodes progressed. Series creator Vince Gilligan said of season two, "That came about through many, many hours of beating our heads against the wall—very laborious work, which is probably why we haven't repeated that formula since."
Music
The original score for Breaking Bad was composed by Dave Porter. The show also uses music from other recording artists with music supervision by Thomas Golubić. Selected songs from Season 2 are featured on the Breaking Bad soundtrack available through iTunes and Amazon.
Home video releases
The second season was released on DVD in Region 1 and Blu-ray in Region A on March 16, 2010. It was released on DVD in Region 2 on July 26, 2010 and in Region 4 on February 8, 2010.
Reception
Reviews
The second season of Breaking Bad received very positive reviews from critics, scoring 85 out of 100 on Metacritic. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the second season has an approval rating of 97% based on 35 reviews, with an average rating of 9.16/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Breaking Bad continues to soar, thanks to its artsy style and suspenseful thrills." Entertainment Weekly critic Ken Tucker stated "Bad is a superlatively fresh metaphor for a middle-age crisis: It took cancer and lawbreaking to jolt Walt out of his suburban stupor, to experience life again—to take chances, risk danger, do things he didn't think himself capable of doing. None of this would work, of course, without Emmy winner Cranston's ferocious, funny selflessness as an actor. For all its bleakness and darkness, there's a glowing exhilaration about this series: It's a feel-good show about feeling really bad." San Francisco Chronicle'''s Tim Goodman claimed "The first three episodes of Season 2 that AMC sent out continue that level of achievement with no evident missteps. In fact, it looks as if Gilligan's bold vision for Breaking Bad, now duly rewarded against all odds, has invigorated everyone involved in the project. You can sense its maturity and rising ambition in each episode." Horror novelist Stephen King lauded the series, comparing it to Twin Peaks and Blue Velvet. Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger praised the season, calling it "brilliant". He lauded the sound design as well as the cinematography, enjoying the "emphasis of beautiful desert vistas and disturbing tableaux". He also compared the series to The Sopranos, more specifically on the similarity of Walter White and Tony Soprano and their respective reactions to similar situations. David Hinckley of the New York Daily News'' praised Cranston's performance of Walter White calling him "one of the best played characters on television".
Awards and nominations
The second season received numerous awards and nominations, including five Primetime Emmy Award nominations with two wins. Bryan Cranston won his second consecutive award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Lynne Willingham won her second consecutive award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series for "ABQ". The series received its first nomination for Outstanding Drama Series, Aaron Paul received his first nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, and Michael Slovis was nominated for Outstanding Cinematography for a One Hour Series for "ABQ".
Cranston won the Television Critics Association Award for Individual Achievement in Drama, with the series being nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Drama. Cranston won his second consecutive Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series, with the series winning the award for Best Drama Series. Aaron Paul won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television, with the series winning the award for Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series. The series received two Writers Guild of America Award nominations, for Best Drama Series, and John Shiban for Best Episodic Drama for "Phoenix".
References
External links
2009 American television seasons
2
Television series set in 2008
Television series set in 2009
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16999974
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glago%27s%20Guest
|
Glago's Guest
|
Glago's Guest is a 2008 Walt Disney Animation Studios computer animated short film directed by Chris Williams. The film premiered at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival in June 2008.
Animated in stereoscopic 3D, the short tells the story of a strange meeting between a Russian soldier guarding a Siberian outpost and an extraterrestrial.
Plot
"Glago's Guest" follows the story of a lonely Russian soldier stationed in a remote Siberian outpost. When the soldier's solitude is interrupted one day by the arrival of a strange new "guest" named Lars, Glago is jolted out of his uneventful daily routine. Soon, though, he comes to realize that things are not always what they appear to be.
Production
John Lasseter was so impressed with director Chris Williams' work on this short that he gave him the job of co-directing (with Byron Howard) the animated film Bolt.
Release
The film premiered at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival in June 2008, and was originally expected to be released theatrically preceding the Disney animated feature film Bolt. The short is believed not to have tested well with audiences, and the spot with Bolt was eventually taken by Pixar's Cars Toons short Tokyo Mater.
It was included in the Animation Show of Shows in 2008.
See also
Animated-news.com (June 23, 2008); "Please welcome Glago's Guest"; Animated News.
Barbara Robertson (February 2009); "Short Subjects, Big Ideas"; Computer Graphics World
References
External links
Official page at Walt Disney Animation Studios archived from the original on February 27, 2012
2000s Disney animated short films
American films
2008 films
2008 computer-animated films
Films directed by Chris Williams
Films scored by Jon Brion
Animated films without speech
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4785706
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Wilhelm%20Wefring
|
Karl Wilhelm Wefring
|
Karl Wilhelm Wefring (11 October 1867 – 28 September 1938) was a Norwegian physician and politician who served as Minister of Defence in the 1920s.
Political career
Wefring was first elected to the Parliament of Norway as an independent for South Hedemark for the period 1916–1818. He was the Norwegian Minister of Defence 1920–1921, 1923-1924 and 1926. He served in the parliament for Oslo, representing the Liberal Left Party in the period 19125-1927 where he held the position as president of the Odelsting.
Professional career
Wefring became attending physician at the national institution with responsibility for the mental ill (Statens sinnssykevesen) in 1919. He was "medisinaldirektør" ("director of health") in Norway from 1927 to 1930, and director for the National Hospital from 1930 to 1937.
References
1867 births
1938 deaths
Defence ministers of Norway
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17697267
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert%20N%C3%A9meth
|
Norbert Németh
|
Norbert Németh (born 5 May 1981 in Budapest) is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for Egri FC .
Career
On 4 March 2009 FC Tom Tomsk bought the Hungarian midfielder Nemeth, who had left Vasas SC in mid-February for a trial period with the Russian club. Currently he's playing in Vasas SC .
International
Németh also has two appearances with the National Hungarian team.
External links
Profile
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Budapest
Hungarian footballers
Association football midfielders
Hungary international footballers
Budapest Honvéd FC players
Marcali VFC footballers
Győri ETO FC players
MTK Budapest FC players
Újpest FC players
Vasas SC players
FC Tom Tomsk players
Egri FC players
Russian Premier League players
Hungarian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
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40683351
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritesh%20Batra
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Ritesh Batra
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Ritesh Batra (born 12 June 1979) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who is known for his short films. His 2013 film, The Lunchbox broke many records at the box office and even received many awards.
Batra is widely known for his debut feature film The Lunchbox starring Irrfan Khan, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, and Nimrat Kaur, which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 2013 and won Rail d’Or (Grand Golden Rail). Batra also won the Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best First Feature Film in 2014. The Lunchbox has been called the highest grossing foreign film in North America, Europe and Australia for the year of 2014 grossing over 25 Million USD/180 Crore INR.
Batra was nominated for a BAFTA Award for The Lunchbox in the category Film Not in the English language in 2015.
He has directed the English-language film The Sense of an Ending, starring Jim Broadbent. The film is an adaptation of Julian Barnes’ Booker Prize-winning novel The Sense of an Ending.
Ritesh has also directed Our Souls at Night starring Jane Fonda and Robert Redford, and Photograph starring Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Sanya Malhotra.
Early life and background
Ritesh grew up in a middle-class family in Mumbai, India. His father Joginder Batra, worked in the Merchant Navy of India and his mother Manju Kapoor Batra, is a house wife. His elder sister Radhika Batra Shah runs a tea business. Ritesh completed his high school from AVM High School in Mumbai and later went to the United States to complete his higher studies.
Ritesh worked as a consultant at Deloitte after graduating from Drake University, Iowa in Economics. But after three years of working he went back to school to chase his childhood dream of filmmaking. He attended New York University but dropped out of the film school.
Career
Batra began his filmmaking career by writing and directing shorts. His Arab language short Café Regular, Cairo, screened at over 40 international film festivals and won over 12 awards including Critics Prize (FIPRESCI) Best Film at International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and Best Film at German Star of India. Batra was part of the Sundance Screenwriters and Directors lab with his project "Story of Ram" in 2009. He subsequently was made the Time Warner Story Telling Fellow at Sundance Film Festival and Annenberg Fellow at Sundance Film Academy. In 2011 Batra returned to India to make a documentary on the lunchbox delivery system in Mumbai. It was this venture of Batra's which conceptualized his first feature film The Lunchbox (2013). He developed this project through the TorinoFilmLab Framework programme in 2012.
The Lunchbox premiered at the Cannes Critics Week 2013 and won Rail d’Or (Grand Golden Rail). At Cannes the movie prompted a bidding war. Sony Pictures Classic acquired the North American rights of the film. The Lunchbox has been nominated for 33 Awards and won 25 so far. In 2014, Batra founded his own production company PoeticLicense Motion Pictures and currently developing a slate of films.
Filmography as director
Awards
Time Warner Storytelling Fellow - Sundance Film Festival
Annenberg Fellow - Sundance Film Institute
The Lunchbox, 2013
(Nominated) "Film not in the English Language" - BAFTA 2015
Rail d’Or (Grand Golden Rail) - Cannes Film Festival
Best First Feature - Toronto Film Critics Association Award
Best Director Award - Odessa International Film Festival
Church of Iceland Award - Reykjavik International Film Festival
Best Screenplay - 7th Asia Pacific Screen Awards
Best Screenplay - Asian Film Academy
Best Screenplay - Asia Pacific Film Festival
Jury Grand Prize - 7th Asia Pacific Screen Awards
Best Screenplay - 7th Asia Pacific Screen Awards
Muhr AsiaAfrica Special Mention - Dubai International Film Festival
Best Film - Amazonas Film Festival, Brazil
Canvas Audience Award - Ghent International Film Festival, Belgium
Audience Award - World Cinema Amsterdam
Best Director - International Festival Young Filmmakers of Saint-Jean-de-Luz
Audience Award - Belfast Film Festival, UK
Best Feature Film - Zagreb Golden Pram Award
Cafe Regular Cairo, 2011
Critics Prize (FIPRESCI) Best Film - International Short Film Festival Oberhausen
Jury Special Mention - Tribeca Film Festival
Jury Special Mention - Chicago International Film Festival
Best Short Film - The Warp
Best Short Film - German Star of India
Clipagem Trophy - Kinoforum - Brazil
Honours
Chief guest at 8th Filmsaaz where he was given lifetime membership of the prestigious University Film Club, Aligarh Muslim University.
References
External links
Film directors from Mumbai
Living people
Hindi-language film directors
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
Indian documentary filmmakers
Filmfare Awards winners
1979 births
21st-century Indian film directors
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39661529
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islando%20Manuel
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Islando Manuel
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Islando Patrício Sebastião Manuel, a.k.a. Papá Ngulo, (born 7 January 1991), is an Angolan professional basketball player. Islando, who stands at , plays as a power forward.
Professional career
Since 2009, Manuel plays for Angolan side Primeiro de Agosto in the Angolan Basketball League.
International career
In May 2013, Islando was summoned for the 2013 Afrobasket preliminary Angolan squad.
References
External links
2009 U-19 FIBA World Cup Stats
2008 U-18 FIBA Africa Championship Stats
JornaldeAngola Interview pt
RealGM Profile
1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Luanda
Angolan men's basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
C.D. Primeiro de Agosto men's basketball players
African Games bronze medalists for Angola
African Games medalists in basketball
2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup players
Competitors at the 2011 All-Africa Games
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8824760
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veltoor
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Veltoor
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Veltoor, often spelled as Velatoor, Velatur, Veltur etc.is a village and gram panchayat in peddamandadi Mandal of wanaparthy district of Telangana state in India.
Geography
It is located just next to Dindi Dam, a tributary of Krishna River. It is exactly in between Hyderabad and Srisailam on the highway. The Nallamalla forests and famous Umamaheswaram Temple are about 10 km and can be seen from the village and the nearest big town is Achampet.
References
Villages in Nagarkurnool district
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2422936
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Jews%20in%20Pennsylvania
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History of the Jews in Pennsylvania
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The history of the Jews in Pennsylvania (although not counting Crypto Jews or their descendants whom are also excluded from being counted as Jews) dates back to Colonial America.
First mention
Pennsylvania, one of the original thirteen states of the American Union was named after William Penn's father, whose son received a grant of the territory from King Charles II in 1681.
When Peter Stuyvesant, in 1655, conquered the Swedish colonies on the Delaware River, three Jews, Abraham de Lucena, Salvator Dandrade, and Jacob Coen, requested permission to trade along the Delaware River (November 29, 1655), claiming that under the act of February 15, 1655, they had received the consent of the directors of the West India Company to travel, reside, trade and enjoy the same privileges as other inhabitants. This petition was refused "for weighty reasons", but they were permitted to send two persons to the South River (subsequently named the Delaware) in order to terminate a trading expedition already entered upon. These were the first Jews of whom there is any record in Pennsylvania.
On June 14, 1656, the directors of the West India Company wrote to Stuyvesant asking that the Jews be permitted to trade along the South River and "carry on their business as beforesaid". From this time on it is evident that the Jews traded with the Indians and Swedes in that territory. In 1657, Isaiah Mesa (also spelled "Masa" and "Mara"), "a Jew", is mentioned in the annals of Jacquet's administration as a participant in several lawsuits. In 1662, a community of Mennonites or Anabaptists proposed to settle at Horekill, in Delaware County, and in their articles of association they determined to exclude all "usurious Jews". When Sir Robert Carr, in 1664, assumed command of the Delaware in the name of the English crown, he received instructions from his government that "all people should enjoy the liberty of their conscience".
Philadelphia
In 1681, when William Penn gained possession of the land that bears his name, there must have been several Jewish settlers in the southeastern portion. The earliest Jewish resident of Philadelphia of whom there is any record was Jonas Aaron, who was living there in 1703.
The most prominent member of the Jewish community in the early history of the colony was Isaac Miranda. The date of his birth is not known; he died in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1733. He arrived in the colony very early in the 18th century, and was one of the earliest Jewish settlers in Philadelphia and the first in Lancaster. In 1723, James Logan, secretary of the province, refers to him as an "apostate Jew or fashionable Christian proselyte," who had gone into the interior of the colony to transact some official business. In 1727, Miranda was appointed "agent to receive and collect the perquisites and rights of Admiralty," and on June 19, 1727, he was appointed "deputy judge of the Court of Vice-Admiralty" — the first judicial office held by a Jew in the provinces. He was a large holder of land, and his name is frequently mentioned in the archives of the colony. In 1730 (or 1720), the Indians of Lancaster made a complaint that he had acted unfairly toward them, but no action is recorded in the matter.
Lancaster
Jews came from the other colonies; some from New York, some even from Georgia, and took up their abode in the province. After Philadelphia, the next city in which they settled was Lancaster. The first Jewish resident was Isaac Miranda (see above), who owned property there before the town and county were organized in 1730. Ten years later, there were several Jewish families in the town; on February 3, 1747, there was recorded a deed to Isaac Nunus Ricus (Henriques) and Joseph Simon, conveying half an acre of land "in trust for the society of Jews settled in and about Lancaster", to be used as a place of burial. Henriques had come from Georgia in 1741. Joseph Simon was perhaps the best-known Jewish merchant in the county, while Dr. Isaac Cohen, one of the first residents of Lancaster, was the earliest Jewish physician in Pennsylvania.
Scranton
Scranton is the sixth-largest city in the state and the county seat of Lackawanna County. Jews settled there when the city was still called Harrison or Slocum's Hollow, the present name having been given to the city about 1850.
The first Jew to hold public office was Joseph Rosenthal, who was Scranton's first, and for a long time its only, policeman. This was in 1860, when the population numbered but 8,500.
The first Jewish congregation was organized in 1858, and was reconstituted in 1860 under the name "Anshe Ḥesed." In 1866, the synagogue on Linden street was built, it was the first building reared exclusively as a Jewish place of worship in Lackawanna County. This edifice, after having been twice rebuilt, was sold to the first Polish congregation in 1902, when the present temple, situated on Madison Avenue near Vine Street, was dedicated. E. K. Fisher was the first rabbi; and his successors were Rabbis-Cohn, Weil, Sohn, Eppstein, Freudenthal, Löwenberg, Feuerlicht, and Chapman; A. S. Anspacher was the Rabbi in 1905. The Rabbi as of 2010 was Rabbi Fine.
As of 1906, there were about 5,000 Jews in Scranton in a total population of 105,000. They supported, in all, five congregations, and two Hebrew schools holding daily sessions. One of the latter, the Montefiore Hebrew School, had a well-equipped corps of teachers and an enrollment of about 200 male pupils. The other school which had higher attendance, possessed its own house in the South Side of the city, and was supported entirely by the large Hungarian community. For a while during the 1920s this community was headed by Rabbi Boruch Greenfeld, the author of the Sefer Ohel Boruch.
The more important charitable organizations were: the Hebrew Ladies' Relief Society, the Ladies' Aid Society, the Deborah Verein, the South Side Relief Society, the Kitchen Garden School, and the Industrial Aid Society, a branch of the New York Removal Office.
Reading
A city in Berks County. A few Jewish immigrants settled here before 1847, when Reading became a city. In 1864, a cemetery plot was acquired in the southern part of the city, and in the same year Congregation Oheb Sholom was founded with about fifteen charter members, most of them South-Germans.
In 1884, a house of worship, located on Chestnut Street near Pearl Street, was bought from the Evangelical Church, and, after being rebuilt, it was dedicated July 31, 1885, by Isaac M. Wise. A rabbi and Sabbath-school teacher was engaged; and Reform service of a moderate type was instituted. In 1897 Rabbi Julius Frank, introduced the Union Prayer Book and full Reform service. In 1898 the congregation bought another cemetery at Shillington, three miles (5 km) from the city, the old one being vacated, and about sixty bodies were removed to the new burial-ground. Connected with the congregation are the Ladies' Hebrew Aid Society and the Ladies' Auxiliary.
Reading's Conservative Jewish synagogue, Kesher Zion, was founded in 1929 from the merger of two other synagogues, and has been located across the street from City Park since 1950.
The Orthodox Jewish element, consisting entirely of Russian and Polish immigrants or their descendants, combined in 1887 and formed Congregation Shomrei Habrith. Their house of worship was located on North 8th street. A Hebrew School, that was situated on Moss street, is connected with this congregation. Today, Shomrei Habrith has moved to a newer, and better location better to serve the communities needs, with its rabbi, Yosef Lipsker, ho also represents the local Chabad Lubavitch movement.
Reading has a population of about 90,000, of whom approximately 800 are Jews. Most of these are engaged in mercantile life, and a few are manufacturers. Ben Austrian, a painter of still life, has gained a reputation in the artistic world. There is also a pastor of Spanish-Jewish (Sephardic) ancestry serving in the city of Reading. Albert Boscov is a member of the Jewish community of Reading, PA. Bootlegger Max Hassel, a Jewish bootlegger during Prohibition, operated from Reading, PA.
Easton
Easton, in Northampton County, was another town that contained pre-Revolutionary Jewish inhabitants.
The first merchant in the town was Myer Hart de Shira (Texeira? See Hart), who is mentioned among the founders of Easton in 1750. He took the oath of allegiance to the colonial government in 1764, and became one of Easton's most wealthy citizens.
Michael Hart (not related to Myer Hart) was an early resident. He was born in 1738 and became very rich, owning much property in the surrounding country. Michael Hart deeded to his son Jacob, on March 25, 1800, ground for a burial-place for the Jews.
Although there were several families residing in Easton, a synagogue was not founded until 1839, when the Congregation Brit Sholom was established. It was chartered on November 25, 1842, and the Rev. Morris Kohn was its first rabbi.
Aaronsburg
Beginning as a post village situated in Haines Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania, founded by Aaron Levy in 1786, and named for him. In June 1779, Levy bought off a Mr. Wetzel a tract in Centre County known as the Alexander Grant warranty. Upon this he laid out and planned the town of Aaronsburg, the town plan being recorded at Sunbury on October 4, 1786. A plot of ground known as Aaron's Square was reserved by the founder for public uses, and one of the streets was named Rachel's Way in honor of his wife. On November 16, 1789, Levy gave to the trustees of the Salem Evangelical Church a lot upon which to erect a church and schoolhouse. Aaronsburg is the first town in Pennsylvania (and probably in the United States) that was laid out by and named after a Jew.
Schaefferstown
Schaefferstown, now in Lebanon County, but originally in Lancaster County, is supposed to have contained Jewish inhabitants. According to tradition a synagogue existed there early in the 18th century, and a cemetery was established about 1732. The early German Pietists assumed many of the old Hebrew customs, and consequently were confounded with the Jews.
Wilkes-Barre
Willkes-Barre is the county-seat and principal city of Luzerne County. Evidence points to 1838 as the date of arrival of the first Jewish settlers, among whom Martin Long, a Bavarian, was the most prominent.
Two years later, a society was organized for occasional worship, and until 1849 the incipient congregation held its services in various rooms. In August of that year it dedicated its first synagogue under the auspices of Moses Strasser, Isaac Leeser of Philadelphia, and Samuel Isaacs of New York. In 1857 the community was incorporated as the Congregation B'nai B'rith. Its earlier pulpit history is practically the record of the service of Herman Rubin, reader and teacher from 1853 to 1882. His successors have been David Stern, Victor Rundbacken, Israel Joseph and Marcus Salzman.
The rise of the younger generation gave a decided impetus to the growing tendency toward Reform, which resulted in the adoption of the Einhorn ritual. This yielded, in its turn, to the Union Prayer Book. B'nai B'rith, the largest congregation in the city, is the only Reform organization.
Until 1871, B'nai B'rith was the only congregation in Wilkes-Barre, but in that year the first efforts were made to unite the Orthodox Jews. The organization, little more than a minyan, became the parent of the congregations B'nai Jacob and Holche Yosher, which were formed in 1881, although their synagogues were not built until 1886 and 1887, respectively. In 1902, a fourth synagogue was dedicated to the use of the youngest congregation, Oheb Zedek (Anshe Ungarn).
The Jewish educational, philanthropic, and social activities of the city at the time were entrusted to the following institutions: the religious and Hebrew schools, the Synagogue Industrial School, branch lodges of the leading Jewish orders, the Young Men's Hebrew Association, the social and literary clubs, four aid societies, a free loan association, and the Executive Committee of Jewish Congregations. The latter organization, after 1901, aided the Industrial Removal Office, working to reduce the number of Jewish immigrants in New York City, thus lessening the attendant reaction of immigration restrictionists, and winning public opinion for continued immigration.
With this equipment, the community became an important center of Jewish activity in northeastern Pennsylvania, reaching out to Hazleton, Plymouth, Pittston and the smaller towns in the vicinity. As of 1905, the Jews of Wilkes-Barre numbered about 1,800, or about three percent of the total population.
Other Early History
Many Jews were connected with the sale and exploitation of land in Pennsylvania. In 1763, owing to the depredations of the Shawnee and Delaware Indians in Bedford County, twelve traders suffered a loss of £80,000, among whom were David Franks, Levy Andrew Levy, and Joseph Simon.
On July 5, 1773, the sale of southern Illinois took place. The Indian nations of the Illinois country conveyed their property to twenty-two residents of Pennsylvania, among whom were Moses Franks, Jacob Franks, Barnard Gratz, Michael Gratz, David Franks, Moses Franks, Jr., Joseph Simon and Levy Andrew Levy. This territory never became the property of those interested in its sale.
The greatest speculator in land in the province was Aaron Levy, who in 1779 purchased land in Haines township, Center county, upon which he laid out the town of Aaronsburg (recorded October 4, 1786), the first town in the United States laid out and named after a Jew. Levy was interested with Robert Morris in the well-known speculation in lands in the western portion of the state which resulted so disastrously to the "financier of the Revolution" (see Levy, Aaron).
It is estimated that there were not more than 800 Jews in Pennsylvania at the close of the War of Independence. The greater portion had taken up their residence after 1765, and many had arrived eleven years later, after New York had been occupied by the British. The Jews enjoyed all the rights of the other inhabitants, except that none could become a member of the General Assembly. There was nothing in the Constitution as established by the General Convention in 1776 that prevented a Jew from becoming a judicial, executive or military officer of the commonwealth.
On December 23, 1783, Rabbi Gershom Mendes Seixas, Simon Nathan ("parnas"), Asher Myers, Barnard Gratz, and Haym Solomon, the "Mahamad" of the Congregation Mickvé Israel, Philadelphia, petitioned the Council of Censors that there be removed from the Constitution the declaration requiring each member of the Assembly to affirm his belief in the divine inspiration of the New Testament. The law was subsequently changed, and all civil disabilities of the Jews were removed.
Successive settlers
The history of the Jews in Pennsylvania after 1825 is the history of their activities in the various cities in which they settled, and which are treated in the respective articles. Although Jews had taken an active interest in the development of the western portion of the state from a time preceding the Revolution, it was more in the way of speculation and investment; it was not until the first quarter of the 19th century that the Jews settled in Pittsburgh and the other western cities. Wilkes-Barre and Harrisburg had few Jewish inhabitants, and Aaronsburg, although founded by a Jew, had only a few Jewish residents.
It was not until after the Spanish and Portuguese Jews had ceased to migrate in numbers to America that the western portion of the state was settled, and this was owing to the arrival of many Jews of German and Polish origin. Yet the early Jewish pioneers, those that had settled in Philadelphia, Lancaster, and Easton long before the Revolution, had come from Germany and Holland, while the first settlers of New York; Newport, Rhode Island; and Savannah, Georgia, had been mostly of Spanish descent.
About 1825 there was a fresh exodus from Germany, and many Jews settled in Philadelphia and became important factors in the community, while others traveled westward and helped in the development of many towns.
Pittsburgh
Although Jews had been living in Pittsburgh ever since it was incorporated in 1804, it was not until 1830 that there was an actual Jewish community there, and this consisted of Jews of German origin. In 1846 the first congregation was organized and named "Etz-Chayim". It met in a small room in Third Street, over an engine-house; its first presiding officer was William Frank. The Congregation Rodef Sholem, one of the most important congregations in the state, was established in 1858. At present Pittsburgh (with Allegheny) contains the second-largest Jewish community in Pennsylvania.
Harrisburg
The first Jewish settlers in Harrisburg arrived from Germany in the early 1840s. The oldest congregation is Ohev Sholom, established in 1853 (present rabbi, Peter Kessler); Chisuk Emmunah and Beth-El were established after 1884. The city possesses also a benevolent society and two other societies.
The present (1904) Jewish population of the city is 1,200 in a total of about 70,000 inhabitants.
Other areas
Other important towns containing many Jewish residents are: Wilkes-Barre, whose first synagogue, B'nai B'rith, was incorporated in 1848; Scranton, which has three synagogues, the earliest, the Anshe Chesed, having been incorporated January 7, 1862; Reading, which has two congregations, one of which, the Oheb Sholom, was founded May 1, 1864. In addition, the following towns contain enough Jewish families to support at least one synagogue: Allentown, Altoona, Beaver Falls, Braddock, Bradford, Butler, Carbondale, Chambersburg, Chester, Connellsville, Danville, DuBois, Dunmore, Duquesne, Erie, Greensburg, Hazleton, Homestead, Honesdale, Indiana, Johnstown, McKeesport, Newcastle, Oil City, Phænixville, Pottsville, Shamokin, Sharon, Shenandoah, South Bethlehem, South Sharon, Titusville, Uniontown, Washington, Williamsport, and York. Jews are settled with some sort of organization in at least fifty towns in the state.
The expulsion of the Jews from Russia was the occasion of many settling in this state. They began to arrive in 1882, and at the present time they constitute the majority of the Jewish population.
1906 statistics
In the state of Pennsylvania there were thirty-four cities and towns with one or more Jewish institutions. Of these, 31 have 92 regularly organized congregations, 2 hold holy-day services, and in 1 no communal religious life exists. There are 59 congregations with a membership of about 7,000 and an income of over $120,000; 8 congregations are affiliated with the Union of American Hebrew Congregations; 38 have together 33 cemeteries, and there are 2 cemeteries independent of organized congregations; 29 congregations report schools with 2,433 pupils; 7 schools are affiliated with the Hebrew Sabbath-School Union of America. Free religious schools are conducted by 2 societies, 1 reporting an income of $3,187, with 2,721 pupils; there are 2 Hebrew Free Schools with an income of $5,660, and instructing 430 pupils.
Exclusive of the schools and classes for religious instruction, there were, chiefly in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Wilkesbarre, the following educational agencies: 1 manual-training school; 4 societies conducting industrial classes; 2 societies conducting evening classes; 2 kindergartens; 1 day-nursery; 2 alumni associations, furthering religious instruction; and 1 college for Hebrew studies. Three of these report an income of $21,316, and 3 others report 499 pupils. There are 41 charitable societies, 23 of which report an income of $219,324, of which $193,396 must be set to the credit of Philadelphia.
The charitable societies include 3 orphan asylums, 1 hospital, 1 home for incurables, 1 maternity hospital, 1 "friendly inn" and home for the aged—all except 1 orphan asylum being in Philadelphia. There are 11 social clubs (5 with an income of $25,620), 4 associations for young men (2 with an income of $4,718), 1 loan-association, 14 mutual-benefit societies—all in Philadelphia. There are also 12 literary clubs (11 in Philadelphia) and 2 musical associations.
In two cities there were branches of the Alliance Israélite Universelle; in four, sections of the Council of Jewish Women; in five, 9 Zionist societies; and in seventeen, 60 lodges. The last-mentioned are distributed among the orders as follows: 25, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; 6, Independent OrderFree Sons of Israel; 17, Independent Order Sons of Benjamin; and 12, Order B'rith Abraham. The present population of Pennsylvania is 6,302,115, including more than 100,000 Jews.
See also
American Jews
List of American Jews
History of the Jews in Colonial America
History of the Jews in the United States
Bibliography
H. P. Rosenbach. History of the Jews of Philadelphia Prior to 1880. Philadelphia. 1883.
Markens. The Hebrews in America. New York. 1888.
Morais. The Jews of Philadelphia. Philadelphia. 1894.
Publications Am. Jew. Hist. Soc.: A. S. W. Rosenbach, Notes on the First Settlement of Jews in Pennsylvania, 1655–1703 (1897, vol. v.).
H. Necarsulmer. The Early Settlement of Lancaster. 1901, vol. ix.
I. H. and A. S. W. Rosenbach. Aaron Levy. 1894, vol. ii.
Morris Jastrow. The Jews of Philadelphia. 1893, vol. i.
Henry Berkowitz. (1901, vol. ix.).
Aaron Levy, by Isabella H. Rosenbach and Abraham S. Wolf Rosenbach, in Publ. Am. Jew. Hist. Soc. No. 2, 1894, pp. 157–163.
Other sources
Daly, Settlement of the Jews in North America; Pennsylvania Colonial Records; Pennsylvania Archives.
Watson, Annals, Philadelphia, 1868.
Westcott's History of Philadelphia.
Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
American Jewish Year Book, 1900–1.
Pennsylvania Archives, First Series, i. 266; Second Series, ix. 738.
American Historical Register, April 1895.
References
Pennsylvania
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21720262
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jab%C5%82onowski
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Jabłonowski
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Jabłonowski (plural: Jabłonowscy) is a Polish surname. Polish adjectives have different forms for the genders, Jabłonowska is the form for a female family member while a male would use Jabłonowski. A lot of but not all Jabłonowski belong to the House of Jabłonowski
Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski (1634–1702), Field and Great Hetman of the Crown
Anna Jabłonowska (1660–1727), mother of King Stanisław I Leszczyński
Marianna Jabłonowska (1708–1765), married to Jan Wielopolski
Aleksander Jan Jabłonowski (d. 1723), Great Chorąży
Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski (1711–1777), Stolnik, voivode
Antoni Barnaba Jabłonowski (1732–1799), voiode, castellan
Dorota Barbara Jabłonowska (1760–1844), married to Józef Klemens Czartoryski
Władysław Franciszek Jabłonowski (1769–1802), Polish and French general.
Leszek Jabłonowski (b. 1954), Polish fencer.
See also
Yablonovsky (disambiguation) Russian spelling of the surname and toponym
Polish-language surnames
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34779019
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Game%20of%20Triangles
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The Game of Triangles
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The Game of Triangles is a studio album by Bobby Bare, Norma Jean and Liz Anderson. It was Bobby Bare's tenth studio album, Norma Jean's fourth and Liz Anderson's second. The title song was a top 5 hit for the trio and they were nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. Only six of the album's songs were performed by all three artists, each of whom also contributed two solo performances to the album. The album was released as a music download on April 3, 2015 by Sony Legacy. On January 1, 2018, the European record label Morello released it as a deluxe cd also featuring the tracks from two Bobby Bare duet albums with Skeeter Davis.
Track listing
"One Among the Three of Us" (Vic McAlpin)
"The Wife of the Party" (Liz Anderson) (Liz Anderson solo)
"Pursuing Happiness" (Harlan Howard) (Norma Jean solo)
"Guess I'll Move on Down the Line" (Ken Sonnenberg, Martin Siegel) (Bobby Bare solo)
"Bye Bye Love" (Boudleaux Bryant, Felice Bryant)
"The Game of Triangles" (Cy Coben)
"Homesick" (Billy C. Cole) (Bobby Bare solo)
"Fairy Tale" (Liz Anderson) (Liz Anderson solo)
"Three Mixed Up Hearts" (Ben Peters)
"Don't Let That Doorknob Hit You" (Vic McAlpin) (Norma Jean solo)
"Which One Is to Blame" (Redd Stewart, Sunny Dull)
Personnel
Bobby Bare - vocals, guitar, (Lead vocals 4 & 7)
Liz Anderson - vocals (Lead vocals 2 & 8)
Norma Jean - vocals (lead vocals 3 & 10)
Chart positions
References
1967 albums
RCA Victor albums
Liz Anderson albums
Bobby Bare albums
Norma Jean (singer) albums
Albums produced by Bob Ferguson (music)
Albums produced by Chet Atkins
Albums produced by Felton Jarvis
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58560754
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson%20Van%20Alden
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Nelson Van Alden
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Nelson Kasper Van Alden (alias George Mueller) is a fictional character in the HBO television series Boardwalk Empire, portrayed by Michael Shannon, who is a puritanical, repressed religious fundamentalist and agent for the Bureau of Prohibition.
Biography
There is not much known about Nelson Van Alden's childhood, but in season 2 he explained that his parents were believers in a second coming of Jesus Christ in 1892, and in preparation for this, they decided to sell the family farm and went poor, at one point even living in a tent for over a year. Later on, his parents did not like to see him because he served as a reminder to them of these experiences.
At the start of the series, Nelson Van Alden acts as Nucky Thompson's (Steve Buscemi) primary antagonist, as he takes the lead to bring the kingpin down. However, in the midst of trying to tackle one of Prohibition's most notorious bootleggers, Van Alden's volatile temper and self-loathing start to blur his ethics; and by the end of Season 1, he has killed his corrupt partner Agent Eric Sebso (Erik Wiener) and violated his religious values through a one-night stand with Nucky Thompson's ex-mistress, who he accidentally impregnates.
Season 2 follows Van Alden's fruitless efforts to conceal his crimes from the previous season. In the second season, Van Alden forces the ex-misstress to stay in his apartment in order to give birth to their child, and also forces them to keep the pregnancy a secret, being highly controlling towards her in the meantime. The season ends with Van Alden discovering he is the prime suspect in Sebso's murder, and he spends Season 3 on the run with his infant daughter and nanny Sigrid (Christiane Seidel) (with whom he later fathers a son), eventually settling in Chicago under the alias George Mueller. There he begins a job as a door-to-door salesman and his co-workers and boss mistreat him. At one point, Nelson snaps and uses an iron to burn his co-worker's face. Later on, a lethal confrontation occurs when the same co-worker and his friends discover Nelson in an alley and threaten him, resulting in Nelson shooting and killing all of them. By the end of Season 3, Van Alden becomes an associate/muscle for Dean O'Banion (Arron Shiver) and eventually Al Capone (Stephen Graham), still going by the name George Mueller to avoid the authorities.
The final season sees Van Alden struggling to keep the lifestyle of associate/muscle George Mueller balanced during his second failing marriage, this time to Sigrid. Van Alden has since been partnered with Thompson's brother Eli (Shea Whigham), who knows Van Alden's true identity. Mike D'Angelo (Louis Cancelmi), an undercover agent in Capone's crew, recognizes Van Alden, and both he and Eli agree to work with D'Angelo to help take Capone down. Van Alden also learns that Eli is having an affair with Sigrid. Eli and Van Alden eventually return to Capone's hotel to steal ledgers as proof of his tax evasion, but Capone's brother Ralph (Domenick Lombardozzi) becomes suspicious of their behavior. The Capone brothers confront them, with D'Angelo present, not knowing he is working undercover. With Van Alden's deteriorating home life and facing death at the hands of the Capones, he snaps and attacks the brothers while Eli and Malone watch in shock. In a rage, Van Alden confesses his true identity while choking Capone, but before he can successfully strangle him, Malone shoots and kills Van Alden in order to ensure that he is not exposed as a federal agent. The Capones then foolishly entrust Malone with the ledgers. Van Alden's death unwittingly leads to Capone going to prison for tax evasion.
Reception
Nelson Van Alden has been frequently cited as a fan-favorite on Boardwalk Empire. The role earned Shannon three nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Awards.
Despite starring on the series for all five seasons, Shannon claims to only have watched a "little bit" of the show.
References
External links
Agent Nelson Van Alden character bio at HBO.com
Boardwalk Empire
Fictional gangsters
Television characters introduced in 2010
Drama television characters
Fictional murderers
Fictional American federal law enforcement officers
American male characters in television
Fictional murdered people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglav%20Lodge%20at%20Kredarica
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Triglav Lodge at Kredarica
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The Triglav Lodge at Kredarica () (2,515 m) is the highest mountain hut in Slovenia and the highest meteorological station in the country. It stands on a small plateau just under the peak of Kredarica, an elevation in the ridge between Rjavina and Triglav. The Valentin Stanič Lodge (Dom Valentina Staniča) stands to the northeast below Begunje Peak (Begunjski vrh, 2,460 m), and the Planika Lodge at Triglav (Dom Planika pod Triglavom) stands to the south. In the vicinity there is also a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of the Snows, and a few metres away there is a small cave named Ivačič Cave.
History
The first hut, named the Triglav Hut (), was built in 1896 at the initiative of Jakob Aljaž. Later it was expanded three times, and it is now one of the largest mountain lodges in Slovenia. It can accommodate 200 hikers or more. In 1909, the Ljubljana Matica Alpine Club expanded the hut and renamed it the Triglav Lodge (). In 1954, it was expanded again due to the increased number of visits after World War II. It was expanded for the last time in 1983.
Operation
The lodge is open to visitors all year round. Most visitors come from the end of June to the end of September. Outside the main season the residential meteorologists handle the visitors. The hut is managed by Ljubljana Matica Alpine Club. There is no cable car, and the hut is supplied by helicopters of the Slovenian Armed Forces.
The Ljubljana Matica Alpine Club's goal is to reduce the environmental impact of the hut. In 1992 they built a photovoltaic power station and in 1998 a small wind turbine. In 1992 they set up a base station and repaired the telephone line.
Starting points
from Aljaž Lodge in the Vrata Valley via the Tominšek Route () 4 h (a very challenging route)
from Aljaž Lodge in the Vrata Valley via the Over the Rock Step () Route 3 h 30 min (challenging)
from the Kot Valley 5 h
from the Krma Valley 3 h 30 min (easy)
from the Rudno Polje Alp () passing Vodnik Lodge at Big Field Pasture (), over Horse Pass () and Calvary Pass () 5 h (challenging)
Mountains
Triglav (2864 m; a challenging secured route) 1 h
See also
Slovenian Mountain Hiking Trail
External links
Routes, Photos & Description. Hiking-trail.net.
Mountain huts in Slovenia
Julian Alps
Triglav
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voytala
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Voytala
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Voytala (also, Voitala and Votala) is a village in the Zaqatala Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Maqov. It is renowned locally for its wheat and stern mothers.
References
External links
Populated places in Zaqatala District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitty%20Ponse
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Kitty Ponse
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Kitty Ponse (5 September 1897 – 10 February 1982) was a Swiss zoologist and endocrinologist. She was a professor at the University of Geneva and received the Swiss Otto Naegeli Prize in 1961.
Life and career
Ponse was born in Sumatra, then part of the Dutch East Indies, to Dutch parents in 1897. At the age of eight she and her family moved to Geneva, Switzerland, where she later studied science at the University of Geneva. She completed a doctoral thesis at the University of Geneva in 1922 that focused on embryological development. While the focus of her earlier research and publications was pure zoology, including tail regeneration in lizards, she later developed a particular interest in sex determination and sexual differentiation in amphibians. In the mid-1920s, she conducted experiments in which she successfully inverted the sex of toads; The New York Times carried a story about Ponse's work in 1926 with the headline "Says she changes the sex of toads". Her work on sexual differentiation in vertebrates was compiled in her 1949 book La différenciation du sexe et l'intersexualité.
Ponse's other publications in the field of endocrinology addressed the function of the thyroid gland, the biochemical pathways in steroid hormone production, the communication between the pituitary gland and the gonads. She also collaborated with French biologist Émile Guyénot on the first purifications of gonadotropin hormones from the pituitary. Ponse taught at the University of Geneva for over forty years and was appointed a professor of experimental endocrinology in 1961. She received the Otto Naegeli Prize in 1961 and the Montyon Prize of the French Academy of Sciences in 1950. She was a cofounder of the journal Acta Endocrinologica in 1948.
References
1897 births
1982 deaths
Swiss zoologists
Swiss endocrinologists
University of Geneva alumni
University of Geneva faculty
People from Sumatra
20th-century Swiss women scientists
Swiss people of Dutch descent
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamidimarru
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Pamidimarru
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Pamidimarru is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Nagaram mandal of Tenali revenue division.
Governance
Pamidimarru gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member.
Education
As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has only one MPP school.
See also
List of villages in Guntur district
References
Villages in Guntur district
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%20Frankl
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Viktor Frankl
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Viktor Emil Frankl (26 March 1905 – 2 September 1997)
was an Austrian neurologist, psychiatrist, philosopher, author, and Holocaust survivor.
He was the founder of logotherapy, a school of psychotherapy that describes a search for a life's meaning as the central human motivational force. Logotherapy is part of existential and humanistic psychology theories.
Logotherapy was recognized as the third school of Viennese Psychotherapy; the first school was created by Sigmund Freud, and the second by Alfred Adler.
Frankl published 39 books. The autobiographical Man's Search for Meaning, a best-selling book, is based on his experiences in various Nazi concentration camps.
Early life
Frankl was born the middle of three children to Gabriel Frankl, a civil servant in the Ministry of Social Service, and Elsa (née Lion). His interest in psychology and the role of meaning developed when he began taking night classes on applied psychology while in junior high school. As a teenager, he began corresponding with Sigmund Freud, when he asked for permission to publish one of his papers. After graduation from high school in 1923, he studied medicine at the University of Vienna. During his studies, he specialized in neurology and psychiatry, with a focus on depression and suicide.
In 1924, Frankl's first scientific paper was published in The International Journal of Psychoanalysis. In the same year, he was president of the , the Social Democratic Party of Austria's youth movement for high school students. During this time, Frankl began questioning the Freudian approach to psychoanalysis. He joined Alfred Adler's circle of students and published his second scientific paper, "Psychotherapy and Worldview" (), in Adler's International Journal of Individual Psychology in 1925. Frankl was expelled from Adler's circle when he insisted that meaning was the central motivational force in human beings. From 1926, he began refining his theory, which he termed logotherapy.
Career
Psychiatry
Between 1928 and 1930, while still a medical student, he organized youth counselling centers to address the high number of teen suicides occurring around the time of end of the year report cards. The program was sponsored by the city of Vienna and free of charge to the students. Frankl recruited other psychologists for the center, including Charlotte Bühler, Erwin Wexberg, and Rudolf Dreikurs. In 1931, not a single Viennese student died by suicide.
After earning his M.D. in 1930, Frankl gained extensive experience at Steinhof Psychiatric Hospital, where he was responsible for the treatment of suicidal women. In 1937, he began a private practice, but the Nazi annexation of Austria in 1938 limited his opportunity to treat patients. In 1940, he joined Rothschild Hospital, the only hospital in Vienna still admitting Jews, as head of the neurology department. Prior to his deportation to the concentration camps, he helped numerous patients avoid the Nazi euthanasia program that targeted the mentally disabled.
In 1942, just nine months after his marriage, Frankl and his family were sent to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. His father died there of starvation and pneumonia. In 1944, Frankl and the surviving members of his family were transported to Auschwitz, where his mother and brother were gassed. His wife died later of typhus in Bergen-Belsen. Frankl spent three years in four concentration camps.
Following the war, he became head of the neurology department of the Vienna Polyclinic Hospital, and established a private practice in his home. He worked with patients until his retirement in 1970.
In 1948, Frankl earned a PhD in philosophy from the University of Vienna. His dissertation, The Unconscious God, examines the relationship between psychology and religion, and advocates for the use of the Socratic dialogue (self-discovery discourse) for clients to get in touch with their spiritual unconscious.
In 1955, Frankl was awarded a professorship of neurology and psychiatry at the University of Vienna, and, as visiting professor, lectured at Harvard University (1961), Southern Methodist University, Dallas (1966), and Duquesne University, Pittsburgh (1972).
Throughout his career, Frankl argued that the reductionist tendencies of early psychotherapeutic approaches dehumanised the patient, and advocated for a rehumanisation of psychotherapy.
The American Psychiatric Association awarded Frankl the 1985 Oskar Pfister Award for his contributions to religion and psychiatry.
Man's Search for Meaning
After his liberation, Frankl returned to Vienna where he became head of the Neurological Department at the general Polyclinic Hospital. He wrote Man’s Search for Meaning over a nine-day period. The book, originally titled A Psychologist Experiences the Concentration Camp, was released in German in 1946. The English translation of Man's Search for Meaning was published in 1959, and became an international bestseller. Frankl saw this success as a symptom of the "mass neurosis of modern times" since the title promised to deal with the question of life's meaningfulness. Millions of copies were sold in dozens of languages. In a 1991 survey conducted for the Library of Congress and the Book of the Month Club, Man's Search for Meaning was named one of the ten most influential books in the US.
Logotherapy and existential analysis
Frankl developed logotherapy and existential analysis, which are based on philosophical and psychological concepts, particularly the desire to find a meaning in life and free will. Frankl identified three main ways of realizing meaning in life: by making a difference in the world, by having particular experiences, or by adopting particular attitudes.
The primary techniques offered by logotherapy and existential analysis are:
Paradoxical intention: clients learn to overcome obsessions or anxieties by self-distancing and humorous exaggeration.
Dereflection: drawing the client's attention away from their symptoms, as hyper-reflection can lead to inaction.
Socratic dialogue and attitude modification: asking questions designed to help a client find and pursue self-defined meaning in life.
His acknowledgement of meaning as a central motivational force and factor in mental health is his lasting contribution to the field of psychology. It provided the foundational principles for the emerging field of positive psychology.
Decorations and awards
1956: Promotion Award for Public Education of the Ministry of Education, Austria
1962: Cardinal Innitzer Prize, Austria
1969: Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class
1976: Prize of the Danubia Foundation
1980: Honorary Ring of Vienna, Austria
1981: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
1985: Oskar Pfister Award, US
1986: Honorary doctorate from the University of Vienna, Austria
1986: Honorary member of the association Bürgervereinigung Landsberg im 20. Jahrhundert
1988: Great Silver Medal with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria
1995: Hans Prinzhorn Medal
1995: Honorary Citizen of the City of Vienna
1995: Great Gold Medal with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria
Personal life
In 1941, Frankl married Tilly Grosser, who was a station nurse at Rothschild Hospital. Soon after they were married, she became pregnant, but they were forced to abort the child. Tilly died in the Bergen Belsen concentration camp.
Frankl's father, Gabriel, originally from Pohořelice, Moravia, died in the Theresienstadt Ghetto concentration camp on 13 February 1943, aged 81, from starvation and pneumonia. His mother and brother, Walter, were both killed in Auschwitz. His sister, Stella, escaped to Australia.
In 1947, Frankl married Eleonore "Elly" Katharina Schwindt. She was a practicing Catholic. The couple respected each other's religious backgrounds, both attending church and synagogue, and celebrating Christmas and Hanukkah. They had one daughter, Gabriele, who went on to become a child psychologist.
Frankl died of heart failure in Vienna on 2 September 1997. He is buried in the Jewish section of the Vienna Central Cemetery.
Bibliography
His books in English are:
Man's Search for Meaning. An Introduction to Logotherapy, Beacon Press, Boston, 2006. (Originally published in 1946)
The Doctor and the Soul, (originally titled Ärztliche Seelsorge), Random House, 1955.
On the Theory and Therapy of Mental Disorders. An Introduction to Logotherapy and Existential Analysis, Translated by James M. DuBois. Brunner-Routledge, London & New York, 2004.
Psychotherapy and Existentialism. Selected Papers on Logotherapy, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1967.
The Will to Meaning. Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy, New American Library, New York, 1988
The Unheard Cry for Meaning. Psychotherapy and Humanism, Simon & Schuster, New York, 2011
Viktor Frankl Recollections: An Autobiography.; Basic Books, Cambridge, MA 2000. .
Man's Search for Ultimate Meaning. (A revised and extended edition of The Unconscious God; with a foreword by Swanee Hunt). Perseus Book Publishing, New York, 1997; . Paperback edition: Perseus Book Group; New York, 2000;
Yes to Life: In Spite of Everything Beacon Press, Boston, 2020.
See also
Existential analysis
List of logotherapy institutes, many named after Frankl
Meaning-making
References
External links
Viktor Frankl Institute Vienna
Viktor Frankl Institute of America
Who Was Viktor Frankl? by Dr. Henry Abramson
1905 births
1997 deaths
People from Leopoldstadt
University of Vienna faculty
Austrian Jews
Austrian neurologists
Austrian psychiatrists
Auschwitz concentration camp survivors
Dachau concentration camp survivors
Theresienstadt Ghetto survivors
Jewish existentialists
Jewish physicians
Jewish psychiatrists
Jewish scientists
Jewish philosophers
Jewish writers
Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
Recipients of the Grand Decoration with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria
Existential therapists
Logotherapy
20th-century Austrian physicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93Singapore%20relations
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India–Singapore relations
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India-Singapore relations (; ; ; ), also known as Indian-Singaporean relations or Indo-Singaporean relations, are the bilateral relations between India and Singapore. Relations between the two countries have traditionally been strong and friendly, with the two nations enjoying extensive cultural and commercial relations. India and Singapore have signed the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) and strategic-relationship agreement in order to increase trade, investments and economic cooperation, and expanded bilateral cooperation on maritime security, training forces, joint naval exercises, developing military technology and fighting terrorism.
According to a 2010 Gallup poll, 40% of Singaporeans approve of India's leadership, with 23% disapproving and 37% uncertain.
Background
India and Singapore share long-standing cultural, commercial and strategic relations, with Singapore being a part of the "Greater India" cultural and commercial region. More than 500,000 people of Indian origin live in Singapore. Following its independence in 1965, Singapore was concerned with China-backed communist threats as well as domination from Malaysia and Indonesia and sought a close strategic relationship with India, which it saw as a counterbalance to Chinese influence and a partner in achieving regional security. Singapore had always been an important strategic trading post, giving India trade access to the Far East. Although the rival positions of both nations over the Vietnam War and the Cold War caused consternation between India and Singapore, their relationship expanded significantly in the 1990s; Singapore was one of the first to respond to India's "Look East" Policy of expanding its economic, cultural and strategic ties in Southeast Asia to strengthen its standing as a regional power.
Development of bilateral relations
Diplomatic relations between India and Singapore were established on 24 August 1965, fifteen days after the latter became independent. Ever since Singapore's independence, both nations have maintained high-level contacts. Between 1966 and 1971 the Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew visited India three times (1966, 1970 and 1971). The then-Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi visited Singapore in 1968, as did Indian leader Morarji Desai. Singapore supported India's bid to become a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council and expand its role and influence in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Singapore also supported India in its war against Pakistan in 1965 and the Kashmir conflict.
Military relations between the two nations had been limited due to foreign policy differences in the Cold War era, as Singapore was allied with Nato, whilst India established itself as a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, and as the only South Asian country to recognise the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
In 2003, India and Singapore signed a bilateral agreement on expanding military cooperation, conducting joint military training, developing military technology and achieving maritime security. The Singaporean Navy and the Indian Navy have conducted joint naval exercises and training since 1993 such as SIMBEX and MILAN near India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. India and Singapore have also expanded their cooperation in fighting terrorism.
Over the last two decades, Singapore has positioned itself as the hub of India's economic, political and strategic relationships in Southeast Asia. When India announced its Look East policy in 1992, Singapore positioned itself as India's de facto regional sponsor. As Indian Defence Minister Pranab Mukherjee commented in 2006, Singapore has become “the hub of its political, economic and security strategy in the whole of East Asia.”
After the death of Lee Kuan Yew in 2015, India followed with a weekend of national mourning in memory of the founding father of Singapore, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Singapore in November 2015 reaffirming fifty years of bilateral relations.
Commerce
Singapore is the 8th largest source of investment in India and the largest amongst ASEAN member nations. It is also India's 9th biggest trading partner as of 2005–06. Its cumulative investment in India totals US$3 billion as of 2006 and is expected to rise to $5 billion by 2010 and $10 billion by 2015. India's economic liberalisation and its "Look East" policy have led to a major expansion in bilateral trade, which grew from US$2.2 billion in 2001 to $9 billion – 10 billion in 2006 – a 400% growth in the span of five years – and to $50 billion by 2010. Singapore accounts for 38% of India's trade with ASEAN member nations and 3.4% of its total foreign trade. India's main exports to
Singapore in 2005 included petroleum, gemstones, jewellery, machinery and its imports from Singapore included electronic goods, organic chemicals and metals. More than half of Singapore's exports to India are "re-exports" – items that had been imported from India.
In 2005, both nations signed the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) and have organised the India-Singapore Parliamentary Forum and the Singapore-India Partnership foundation with active support from the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICC), the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the Singapore Business Federation to promote trade, economic development and partnerships. The CECA eliminated tariff barriers, double taxation, duplicate processes and regulations and provided unhindered access and collaboration between the financial institutions of Singapore and India. The CECA also enhanced bilateral collaboration related to education, science and technology, intellectual property, aviation and relaxed visa regulations for Indian professionals in information technology, medicine, engineering and financial fields to emigrate and work in Singapore. Singapore has invested in projects to upgrade India's ports, airports and developing information technology parks and a Special Economic Zone (SEZ). India has become Singapore's 4th biggest tourist destination and more than 650,000 Indians visited Singapore in 2006. Both nations have worked to collaborate on aviation, aerospace engineering, space programmes, information technology, biotechnology and energy.
Singapore and India successfully concluded the second review of the India-Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) on 1 June 2018 in the presence of India Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.
In September 2018, India and Singapore formally launched the third review of CECA which focuses on trade facilitation, e-commerce and customs.
Military cooperation
In 1994, India and Singapore began their annual naval combat exercise, now called "SIMBEX" Several warships from India and Singapore took part in this interoperable combat exercise.
In 2003, India and Singapore signed a Defence Cooperation Agreement, allowing Singapore army and air force to conduct training on Indian soil.
On 24 November 2015, India and Singapore signed the agreement for the "strategic relationship" across the board including defence and military, security and intelligence cooperation, political exchanges, enhancing trade and investment, improving financial linkages, improving air connectivity and cooperation in multilateral forums.
On 29 November 2017, the two countries signed a naval cooperation agreement aimed at boosting maritime security, joint exercises and mutual logistics support. The agreement also permits ships of either navy to refuel, restock and, rearm at each other military bases. After signing the agreement, Singapore's Defence Minister Dr. Ng Eng Hen stated, "not only would we be more comfortable, we would encourage the Indian Navy to visit Changi Naval base more often".
The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Indian Air Force (IAF) regularly conduct joint military training exercises.
India and Singapore also signed the revised Defence Cooperation Agreement to strengthen the existing defence relationship between Indian military and Singapore Armed Forces on 29 November 2017.
In 2018, "India-Singapore Bilateral Agreement for Navy Cooperation" was signed which gave Indian Navy ships access to Singapore's Changi Naval Base near the disputed South China Sea, mutual logistical support and refuelling rights at the port.
Impact of COVID-19
When the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore was declared in 2019, India and Singapore unilaterally stopped issuing short-term tourist visas from 11 March and 24 March 2020 onwards respectively. Before Singapore stopped releasing individual case details in April 2020, more than 1,600 Indian nationals were diagnosed with COVID-19. In May 2020, India embarked on a repatriation scheme which would have brought back 1,250 Indian nationals from Singapore, while assisted Singapore in repatriating approximately 400 Singaporeans from India. Despite the pandemic, investment flows between the two countries had 'slowed down a little bit' with approximately US$2 billion worth of investments going into India.
As India experienced its second wave of infections beginning March 2021, India faced an oxygen shortage nationwide to treat COVID-19 patients. Four cryogenic oxygen tanks donated by Tata Group, which were being used for transporting oxygen across the nation, were airlifted by the Indian Air Force from Singapore. The Republic of Singapore Air Force also sent two planeloads of oxygen supplies, and Temasek Holdings, one of the two Singaporean government investment companies, donated medical supplies such as ventilators and oxygen concentrators. Various ground-up initiatives had started as well in Singapore to raise funds and gather supplies for those affected in India.
In May, Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal claimed without evidence that a new COVID-19 variant from Singapore was extremely dangerous for children and could result in a third wave in India. Singapore's ministry of health had to clarify there was no Singapore variant nor any evidence of a Covid-19 variant extremely dangerous for kids. It became apparent that the increase in COVID cases came from the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant originating in India.
See also
Indians in Singapore
References
Singapore
Bilateral relations of Singapore
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66463468
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filago%20arvensis
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Filago arvensis
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Filago arvensis is a species of plants belonging to the family Asteraceae.
It is native to Europe to Western Siberia and Western Himalaya, Canary Islands, Morocco.
References
Inuleae
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11391160
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pather%20Panchali%20%28novel%29
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Pather Panchali (novel)
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Pather Panchali (, Pôther Pãchali; ) is a 1929 novel written by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay and was later adapted into a 1955 film of the same name by Satyajit Ray. Considered to be one of the greatest literary works describing rural life, Pather Panchali deals with the life of the Roy family, both in their ancestral village in rural Bengal and later when they move to Varanasi in search of a better life, as well as the anguish and loss they face during their travels.
History
It first appeared as a serial in a Calcutta periodical in 1928 and was published as a book the next year; it was the first published novel written by the author. It was followed in 1932 by a sequel Aparajito, which was adapted into a 1956 film of the same name by Satyajit Ray.
Plot
Horihor Ray, not a very well-to-do Brahmin, lives in the village of Nischindipur. Indir Thakrun, an old widowed woman, who had nobody to look after her, takes shelter in the house of Horihor to whom she is distantly related. But Horihor's wife Shorbojoya, an ill-tempered lady, cannot bear the sight of the old woman. She is therefore given a tumble-down thatched hut to live in. However, Durga, Shorbojoya's six-year-old daughter, is very fond of Indir Thakrun and stays with her for hours to listen to fairy-tales.
After some time a son is born to Shorbojoya. Shorbojoya is jealous of Indir Thakrun as she thinks that Durga is more fond of the old woman than of her mother. So Indir Thakrun is mercilessly turned out of the hut for a trifling reason. The helpless old woman implores for shelter in her dying moments but she is heartlessly refused and so she breathes her last breaths in a rice-barn.
Four or five years later, the boy Apu grows up to be very inquisitive and sensitive to the beauty and mystery of nature. He and his sister Durga are always out for some new adventures like roaming through the forests, taking part in indigenous games and plucking flowers and fruits stealthily. Apu is admitted into the village school where many village elders assemble and talk on diverse subjects. Apu is taken by his father to a client's house. It is the first time that Apu gets a glimpse of the outside world which fills his mind with joy and excitement. The village festivity, the fair, and the Jatra performance, all bring variety and thrill to the monotonous flow of village life. Durga, so restless, yet so innocent, dies suddenly, plunging the whole family into grief and leaving her little brother all alone. Horihor leaves home for a long period and struggles desperately to earn a livelihood. After returning home he decides to leave Nischindipur. They pack up and go to the railway station. As the train steams in, they board the train leaving behind Nischindipur forever with its many sweet and sour memories.
Translations
Pather Panchali was translated first to Telugu under the same name by Maddipatla Suri in 1960 and published. It was translated to Sinhalese under the name Mawathe Geethaya (Sinhala) by Chintha Lakshmi Sinhaarachchi and published in 1986. This was immensely popular in Sri Lanka and was followed by the translations of the other two books of the Apu trilogy by the same translator.
'Pather Panchali' was translated into Malayalam under the name, 'Pather Panchali - Paathayuday Sangeetham' by Mr. M. K. N. Potty, which was first published in April 2009 by Green Books Pvt Ltd., Trichur, Kerala.
An English translation by T.W. Clark and Tarapada Mukherji was published in 1968 by Indiana University Press as part of the UNESCO Collection of Representative Works, and an abridged translation by K. Roy and Margaret Chatterjee followed in 1976.
An adaptation for radio by Tanika Gupta was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 24 February & 3 March 2013 as a "Classic Serial".
References
External links
(Bengali)
(English translation)
1929 novels
Novels set in Varanasi
Novels set in Bengal
20th-century Indian novels
Indian Bengali-language novels
Novels by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
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30281803
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osvaldoginella%20gomezi
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Osvaldoginella gomezi
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Osvaldoginella gomezi is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Cystiscidae.
Description
The shell of this species grows to a length of 3 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea at Cuba, and in the Gulf of Mexico.
References
Citations
Sources
Cossignani T. (2006). Marginellidae & Cystiscidae of the World. L'Informatore Piceno. 408pp
McCleery T. & Wakefield A. (2007). A review of the enigmatic genus Canalispira Jousseaume, 1875 (Gastropoda: Cystiscidae) with the description of three new species from the western Atlantic. Novapex 8(1): 1–10-page(s): 2
Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas
Marginellidae
Gastropods described in 1997
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1545654
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Johnson
|
Carl Johnson
|
Carl Johnson may refer to:
Carl Johnson (American football) (born 1949), American football player
Carl Johnson (soccer) (1892–1970), American soccer player
Carl Johnson (athlete) (1898–1932), American track-and-field athlete
Carl C. Johnson, African American aviator.
Carl J. Johnson (1929–1988), American public health physician who opposed nuclear testing
Carl H. Johnson, American-born biologist
Carl Johnson (Grand Theft Auto) (born April 8, 1968), video game character and protagonist of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
See also
Karl Johnson (disambiguation)
Carl Jonsson (1885–1966), Swedish tug-of-war competitor
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52252437
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Holliday%20%28academic%29
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Fred Holliday (academic)
|
Sir Frederick George Thomas Holliday, (22 September 1935 – 5 September 2016) was a British marine biologist, academic, academic administrator, and businessman. He was Acting Principal of the University of Stirling from 1973 to 1975, Vice-Chancellor and Warden of Durham University from 1980 to 1990, and Chair of Northumbrian Water from 1993 to 2006.
Early life and education
Holliday was born on 22 September 1935 on a council estate in Rubery, Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England. His father, Alfred Holliday, was a technologist at a glass factory that was involved in developing bulletproof glass for the British military during World War II, and his mother, Margaret Holliday, was a cook. He was educated at Bromsgrove County High School, then a grammar school in Bromsgrove. His interest in science was developed as a child: he would "prick the fingers of his sister, Myrtle, and examine her blood under his microscope kit", and his mother once found a "decomposing snake under his bed".
A teacher at Holliday's school encouraged him to study biology at university rather than English literature which he had also been considering. He had been offered a place at the University of Cambridge but turned it down. He instead attended the University of Sheffield where he could study under Sir Hans Krebs, a Nobel Prize-winner. He graduated in 1956 with a first class Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in zoology.
Career
Early career
Following his undergraduate degree, Holliday undertook his National Service between 1956 and 1958. This was spent on defence vessels and at the Marine Research Laboratory in Aberdeen, Scotland. In 1958, he joined the civil service having been appointed a scientific officer at the Marine Research Laboratory. He worked there for the next three years before moving into academia.
Academic career
In 1961, Holliday joined the University of Aberdeen as a lecturer in zoology. In 1967, he joined the newly created University of Stirling as Professor of Biology. He served as Deputy Principal of the university in 1972, and was its Acting Principal from 1973 to 1975; this made him the youngest head of a British university. In 1975, he returned to the University of Aberdeen where he had been appointed Professor of Zoology. However, he soon left Aberdeen for an academic administration position as "the executive bug had taken hold".
In 1980, Holliday became Vice-Chancellor and Warden of Durham University. During his time as its head, he expanded Durham University through the building of the Queen's Campus in Stockton-on-Tees; this would later expand further and now consists of two colleges (John Snow College, Durham and Stephenson College, Durham). In 1990, he stepped down and retired from academia, being succeeded as Vice-Chancellor and Warden by Evelyn Ebsworth.
Later career
Having retired from academia in 1990, Holliday joined the Joint Nature Conservation Committee as its chairman; this is a public body that advises the UK Government on nature conservation. He resigned from the committee in 1991, in protest over the government's "failure to consult the committee before introducing the Natural Heritage (Scotland) Act". This act created the Scottish Natural Heritage but also allowed land-owners to appeal against the creation of a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Holliday joined the board of directors of Northumbrian Water in 1991. He was elected its chairman in 1993. During his leadership, he expanded company's coverage until it provided water for the North East of England. It was also a period of upheaval with the company being bought by Lyonnaise des Eaux, a French company which later merged with another to become Suez; Northumbrian Water was sold in 2003, becoming once more British owned. He stepped down as chairman in 2006.
He was President of the Freshwater Biological Association from 1995 to 2002 when they were renegotiating their relationship with the Natural Environment Research Council.
Later life
At the age of 75, Holliday developed Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a type of blood cancer. He spent the rest of his life in retirement; growing vegetables, reading a large number of books (including Gibbon's lengthy The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire), and rediscovering his interest in histology (including analysing samples of his own blood). He had developed cancer twice in his last few years.
Holliday died on 5 September 2016, a few weeks short of his 81st birthday, at the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. He had had a stroke. On 14 September 2016, his funeral was held at William Black Funeral Director's in Brechin, Angus, Scotland, and he was interred at Parkgrove Crematorium, Friockheim near Brechin.
Personal life
Holliday met his wife Philippa when they both worked at the Marine Research Laboratory in Scotland. They married in 1957, and had two children together. His daughter Helen is a veterinarian and his son Richard is an engineer.
Honours
In 1971, Holliday was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE). In the 1975 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in recognition of his service as Acting Principal of the University of Stirling. On 23 May 1985, he was made a Deputy Lieutenant (DL) to the Lord Lieutenant of Durham. In the 1990 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Knight Bachelor, and therefore granted the title sir, in recognition of his service as Vice-Chancellor and Warden of the University of Durham. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II during a ceremony held at Buckingham Palace on 25 July 1990.
References
1935 births
2016 deaths
British marine biologists
British zoologists
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Members of HM Scientific Civil Service
Academics of the University of Aberdeen
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
Deputy Lieutenants of Durham
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11637387
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moa%20River
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Moa River
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The Moa River (Makona River) is a river in west Africa. It arises in the highlands of Guinea and flows southwest, forming parts of the Guinea–Liberia and the Guinea – Sierra Leone borders. It flows into the Southern Province of Sierra Leone. Yenga, Tiwai Island and Sulima are located on the Moa.
Notes
Rivers of Sierra Leone
Rivers of Guinea
Rivers of Liberia
International rivers of Africa
Guinea–Liberia border
Guinea–Sierra Leone border
Southern Province, Sierra Leone
Border rivers
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69492059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprosma%20ernodeoides
|
Coprosma ernodeoides
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Coprosma ernodeoides, known as black-fruited coprosma in English and or in Hawaiian, is a sprawling shrub occurring only on the islands of Maui and Hawai‘i.
Description
Coprosma ernodeoides is a prostrate shrub with narrow, shiny, tightly packed, dark-green, opposite leaves. The flowers are small, and the most obviously visible features are the 8-20 mm pale style branches. The distinctive shiny black fruit are 8-13 mm in diameter. This is the only species of Coprosma on the Hawaiian islands with black fruit.
Range
This plant is restricted to the alpine areas of Maui and Hawai‘i.
Habitat
Coprosma ernodeoides inhabits a variety of open alpine sites, from lava and cinder fields to forest and shrublands.
Ecology
The fruit are eaten by the .
Human uses
Native Hawaiians used the fruit to make lei, the inner bark to make a yellow dye, and the fruit to make purple to black dye.
Etymology
The Hawaiian name means "nēnē dung" due to the resemblance of the fruit to the feces of the , coincident with the etymology of the name of the genus Coprosma which means "smelling like dung". The Hawaiian name means "food of the nēnē".
Taxonomy
This species was described by Asa Gray in 1860 based on specimens collected by Archibald Menzies.
References
ernodeoides
Taxa named by Asa Gray
Plants described in 1860
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23544862
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelican%20River%20%28Otter%20Tail%20River%20tributary%29
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Pelican River (Otter Tail River tributary)
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The Pelican River is an tributary of the Otter Tail River of Minnesota in the United States.
Pelican River is an English translation of the native Ojibwe language name.
See also
List of rivers of Minnesota
References
Minnesota Watersheds
USGS Hydrologic Unit Map - State of Minnesota (1974)
Rivers of Becker County, Minnesota
Rivers of Otter Tail County, Minnesota
Rivers of Minnesota
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57935356
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20Harbour%2C%20British%20Columbia
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Rose Harbour, British Columbia
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Rose Harbour is an unincorporated settlement on the north coast of Kunghit Island, on the south shore of the Houston Stewart Channel, in Haida Gwaii. It is within the bounds of Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site. It is the only privately-owned property within Gwaii Haanas.
Rose Harbour was established as a whaling station in 1910 by the Queen Charlotte Whaling Company and operated until 1943. A monument survives to Chinese and Japanese people who died in the whaling trade.
Currently, there is a small group of houses at Rose Harbour, which offer lodging and dining services to kayakers and other tourists.
Images
References
Populated places in Haida Gwaii
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20776262
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen%20Oelke
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Jürgen Oelke
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Jürgen Oelke (born 25 November 1940) is a retired German rowing coxswain who had his best achievements in the coxed fours. In this event he won a world title in 1962, a European title in 1963 and a gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1940 births
Living people
Rowers from Berlin
Coxswains (rowing)
Olympic rowers of the United Team of Germany
Rowers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United Team of Germany
Olympic medalists in rowing
West German male rowers
World Rowing Championships medalists for West Germany
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
European Rowing Championships medalists
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55877789
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belyta%20elegans
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Belyta elegans
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Belyta elegans is a species of diapriid wasps found in Europe.
References
Insects described in 1909
Parasitica
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34398413
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/156th%20%28Scottish%20Rifles%29%20Brigade
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156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade
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The 156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army. The brigade saw active service in both the First and the Second World Wars with the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division.
Origins
The Scottish Rifles Brigade was originally a Volunteer Infantry Brigade formed in 1902 when the former Glasgow Brigade of the Volunteer Force was split up. The four Volunteer Battalions of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) constituted one brigade, while the four Volunteer Battalions of the Highland Light Infantry formed the other (the Highland Light Infantry Brigade, later the 157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade of the TF).
From 1902 to 1908 the Scottish Rifles Brigade had the following composition:
1st Lanarkshire Volunteer Rifle Corps at 128 West Princes Street, Glasgow
2nd Volunteer Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) at Hamilton, South Lanarkshire,
3rd Lanarkshire Volunteer Rifle Corps at Victoria Road, Glasgow
4th Volunteer Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) at 138 Stirling Road, Glasgow
Bearer Company, Royal Army Medical Corps, later an Army Service Corps Company
The Brigade Headquarters (HQ) was at 149 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, and the brigade commander from 1 June 1906 was retired Colonel E.C. Browne.
Territorial Force
After the Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908, the Scottish Rifles Brigade formed part of the Lowland Division of the TF with the following composition:
5th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), at Glasgow
6th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), at Muirhall, Hamilton
7th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), at Victoria Road, Glasgow
8th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), at Cathedral Street, Glasgow
First World War
The Lowland Division was mobilised for full-time war service in early August 1914, and most of the men, when asked, volunteered for overseas service. From November 1914 to March 1915, many units of the division were posted elsewhere, mainly to reinforce the Regular Army divisions of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front, most of which had suffered heavy casualties. The 5th and 6th battalions of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) were sent to the Western Front and replaced by the 4th and 7th battalions of the Royal Scots.
In May 1915 the division was numbered as the 52nd (Lowland) Division and the brigades were also numbered, the Scottish Rifles Brigade becoming 156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade and the battalions were redesignated, becoming '1/7th Royal Scots', to distinguish them from their 2nd Line units being formed in the 195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade, part of the 65th (2nd Lowland) Division.
During the war the brigade served with the division in the Middle Eastern theatre, fighting in 1917 in the Battle of Romani, the First Battle of Gaza, Second Battle of Gaza and Third Battle of Gaza during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and, in 1918, served on the Western Front, fighting in the Hundred Days Offensive.
Order of battle
1/5th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (to November 1914)
1/6th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (left March 1915)
1/7th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)
1/8th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (left 28 June 1918)
1/4th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) Battalion, Royal Scots (from April 1915)
1/7th Battalion, Royal Scots (from April 1915)
156th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (formed 16 March 1916, moved to 52nd Battalion, Machine Gun Corps 28 April 1918)
156th Trench Mortar Battery (formed 27 June 1917)
Inter-war period
After the war the brigade and division were disbanded as was the whole of the Territorial Force. The Territorial Force was reformed in the 1920s as the Territorial Army (TA) and the 52nd Division was reconstituted as was the brigade which was redesignated as the 156th (Scottish Rifles) Infantry Brigade with the same unit it had pre-war.
In 1921, the 5th and 8th Battalions of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) were amalgamated as the 5th/8th Battalion and were replaced by the 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers from the 155th (East Scottish) Infantry Brigade. Shortly after, the brigade was redesignated the 156th (West Scottish) Infantry Brigade.
In the late 1930s many of the Territorial Army's infantry battalions were converted into other roles, mainly anti-aircraft and searchlight units. In late 1938, all British infantry brigades were reduced from four to three battalions and the 5th/8th Cameronians was chosen to be converted and became 5th/8th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (56th Searchlight Regiment). In 1939 the brigade was redesignated 156th Infantry Brigade.
Second World War
During the Second World War, the brigade served with the division during Operation Aerial in 1940 in France to cover the withdrawal of troops of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) which was being evacuated from France. From May 1942 to June 1944 the division was trained in mountain warfare yet were never used in the role. They were then trained in airlanding operations but were again never utilised in this role either, due mainly to the disastrous events that occurred during the Battle of Arnhem where the British 1st Airborne Division was virtually destroyed. In October 1944 the 52nd Division was sent to the Western Front to join the 21st Army Group and were attached to the First Canadian Army and fought in the Battle of the Scheldt where the 52nd Division gained an excellent reputation. The 156th Infantry Brigade, with the 52nd, took part in Operation Blackcock in early 1945, later taking part in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, and ended the war by the River Elbe. During Blackcock, Fusilier Dennis Donnini of the 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. At the age of 19, he was the youngest British or Commonwealth soldier to be awarded the VC during the Second World War.
Order of battle
156th Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:
4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers
6th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)
7th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (to 13 March 1945)
156th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (formed 5 December 1939, disbanded 7 January 1941)
1st Battalion, Glasgow Highlanders (from 14 March 1945)
Commanders
The following officers commanded 156 Brigade during the war:
Brigadier F.G. Chalmer (until 16 April 1940)
Brigadier H.J. Simson (from 16 April until 21 May 1940)
Brigadier J.S.N. Fitzgerald (from 21 May until 19 August 1940)
Brigadier I.C. Grant (from 19 August 1940 until 3 December 1941)
Brigadier C.N. Barclay (from 3 December 1941 until 27 August 1943)
Lieutenant-Colonel J. Greenshields (acting, from 27 August to 22 November 1943)
Brigadier C.N. Barclay (from 22 November 1943 until 2 April 1945)
Brigadier G.D. Renny (from 2 April 1945)
Victoria Cross recipients
Fusilier Dennis Donnini, 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers, Second World War
Notes
Bibliography
A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56), London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938.
Edward M. Spiers, The Army and Society 1815–1914, London: Longmans, 1980, .
R.R. Thompson, The Fifty-Second (Lowland) Division 1914–1918, Glasgow: Maclehose, Jackson 1923/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, .
External sources
Mark Conrad, The British Army, 1914 (archive site)
The Long, Long Trail
The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918 (archive site)
Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War I
Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War II
Military units and formations of Scotland
Military units and formations established in 1908
Military units and formations disestablished in 1947
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18226093
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.%20S.%20Mugali
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R. S. Mugali
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Ram Shri Mugali (Ranganatha Srinivasa Mugali) (15 July 1906 – 20 February 1993) was a notable writer in the Kannada language. He was awarded the prestigious central Sahitya Akademi in 1956 for his work "Kannada Sahitya Charitre" in Kannada. Professor Mugali's nickname was Rasika Ranga ("Romantic Ranga"). He was the president of the 44th Kannada Sahitya Sammelana held in Siddganga, in the Tumkur district of Karnataka state, India.
Early life
Mugali was born in a Deshastha Madhva Brahmin family in Hole Alur in the Ron Taluk of Gadag district, Karnataka. In 1933, he was appointed professor of Kannada at Willingdon College, Sangli. Notable among his students at Willingdon were Subbanna Ekkundi and Gangadhar V. Chittal, who themselves would go on to become prominent writers in Kannada. The Jnanpith awardee V. K. Gokak was his peer at Willingdon college. In 1966, Mugali retired as a principal of the Willingdon College. From 1967 to 1970, he worked as the Head of the Kannada Department at the Bangalore University, Bangalore. Mugali died in Bangalore on 20 February 1992.
Works
Kannada Sahitya Charitre
Kannada Sahitya Charitre - Aadhunika Kannada Sahitya Charitre Sahita
Kannada Sahitya Vimarsheya Thatvika Vivechane
Bendre Kavya
Sahityopasane
Sri Sri Aravinda Makaranda
Punarnavodaya Mattu Sahityopasane
Pracheen Kannada Sahitya Roopagalu
Kannada Kavya Sanchaya
Sri Aravindara Savitri
Agnivarna
Nava Manava
Basiga
Apr Karune
Om Shanthi
Kaarana Purasha Mattu Baaluri
Anna
Dhanajaya
Ettida Kai
Rannana Kriti Ratna
Kannadada Kare
Matembudu Jyotirlinga
References
Mugali in kannada literature
Mugali's books
Mugali's books at Bangalore University
Sahitya Akademi Award to Kannada Writers
Bangalore University faculty
1906 births
1992 deaths
Kannada-language writers
People from Gadag district
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Kannada
Writers from Karnataka
20th-century Indian linguists
Indian male writers
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55818626
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninad%20Rathva
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Ninad Rathva
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Ninad Rathva (born 10 March 1999) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Baroda in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy on 17 November 2017, where he scored a century in the first innings. He made his Twenty20 debut for Baroda in the 2017–18 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 21 January 2018. He made his List A debut for Baroda in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 14 February 2018.
References
External links
1999 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Baroda cricketers
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47564867
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baradi
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Baradi
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Baradi is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Talasari taluka.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census of India, Baradi has 697 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 53.78%.
References
Villages in Talasari taluka
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65045897
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlagball
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Schlagball
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Schlagball is a German bat-and-ball game that was popular up until the 1950s in Germany.
Rules
Two teams of 12 players contest the right to bat or field. The batting team tries to score by hitting the ball, which is thrown up by themselves, and running between the batting crease and two touch posts to score runs (unlike cricket, one must make a full trip back-and-forth to score a point, rather than simply going from one of the places to the other). The fielding team may end the batting team's inning by either throwing the ball at one of the batting team's runners (known as "plugging" or "soaking", as in early forms of baseball. This can't happen while a batter is batting, at the batting crease or at the touch posts) or catching the ball one-handed when it is hit in the air.
The batting team scores a point for each time one of their batters successfully runs, or one of their batters hits the ball into a "long-hitting field", which is about 70 meters away from the batting crease. The fielding team scores a point every time the batting team's inning ends (except when the fielding team has pushed one of the batting team's runners off of the field). The team with more points after an hour of play wins.
References
External links
Project Protoball – A translation of the German Wikipedia's article about Schlagball
Johnball
Best Youth Baseball Bat 2016
Ball and bat games
German culture
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1079881
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern%20shield
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Lantern shield
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The lantern shield is a small shield combined with a lantern used during the Italian Renaissance (15th and 16th century Italy) especially for nighttime duels. A number of specimens survive. Their defining feature is a small circular shield – a buckler – combined with a lantern, or a hook from which to hang a lantern, intended to blind the opponent at night or in duels fought at dawn.
Some more elaborate examples might incorporate gauntlets, spikes, sword blades, and also a mechanism to alternatively darken or release the light of the lantern.
The most peculiar example is the one now kept at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, made in the 1540s.
Swordsmen dueling at dawn are reported to have carried lanterns during the 16th and 17th centuries, and fencing manuals of the period integrated the lantern into their lessons, using it to parry blows and blind the opponent. The manuals sometimes show the combatants carrying the lantern in the left hand wrapped behind the back.
It is believed that the lantern shield was never actually used in combat, but rather for patrolling Italian city streets at night.
Lantern halberd and Lantern pistol are other weapons with an integrated lantern. Lantern pistol is 18/19th century flintlock pistol and there are two known versions.
See also
Pata (weapon)
References
External links
"Lantern shield with integrated lantern, sword and spikes." (myarmoury.com)
Shields
Renaissance-era weapons
Types of lamp
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51098741
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiangyang%20Subdistrict%2C%20Weinan
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Xiangyang Subdistrict, Weinan
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Xiangyang Subdistrict () is a subdistrict in Linwei District, Weinan, Shaanxi, China. , it has 26 residential communities under its administration.
See also
List of township-level divisions of Shaanxi
References
Township-level divisions of Shaanxi
Weinan
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23532878
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacant%C3%BAn%20River
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Lacantún River
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The Lacantún River is a river in Chiapas state of southern Mexico. It is a tributuary of the Usumacinta River. The Lacantún originates in the Chiapas Highlands, and runs southeastwards nearly to the Guatemalan border, where it turns norteastwards to join the Usumacinta River. Its main highlands tributary is the Jataté River.
The lower portion of the river runs through the Lacandon Forest. Its tributary the Ixcán River, which originates in the Guatemalan Highlands to the south, joins the Lacantún near where it turns northwards. The Lacantún forms the southern boundary of Montes Azules and Lacan-Tun biosphere reserves before joining the Usumacinta.
See also
List of rivers of Mexico
References
Atlas of Mexico, 1975 (https://web.archive.org/web/20111107163257/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/atlas_mexico/river_basins.jpg).
The Prentice Hall American World Atlas, 1984.
Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
Rivers of Chiapas
Usumacinta River
Petén–Veracruz moist forests
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1459986
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I2O
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I2O
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Intelligent Input/Output (I2O) is a defunct computer input/output (I/O) specification. I2O was originally designed to make use of the Intel i960 microprocessor as the I/O offload engine, bringing channel I/O to the PC. I2O emerged from Intel in the mid 1990s with the publication of the I2O specification in 1996 by the Intelligent I/O Special Interest Group, which dissolved as of 13 October 2000.
I2O's principal architectural components included the I/O processor (IOP) and a split device driver model, with an OSM (OS Module) running in the host operating system and a HDM (Hardware Device Module) running on the I/O processor. This formally separated OS-specific driver functionality from the underlying device, and the two software components used message passing for communications. This split is suggestive of another initiative in which Intel participated at the time, the Uniform Driver Interface (UDI), which sought to establish a common device driver interface spanning multiple software platforms.
I2O was plagued by several problems: the i960 was largely a failure and I2O made systems more expensive in a low cost marketplace. Additionally, the I2O SIG was seen as hostile to open source and insensitive to small players because it charged high fees for participation and was dominated by a few corporate players, notably Microsoft. While it remains unclear which of these factors caused the ultimate failure of I2O, only a few server class machines were ever built with onboard I2O. The I2O-SIG disbanded in October 2000, with a small amount of architectural information being made available via FTP at about the same time.
A number of x86-compatible operating systems provided support (or still do) for I2O, including Windows, Linux (removed in 4.0), Solaris, OpenBSD, and NetWare.
Examples of systems which utilized I2O
Compaq Proliant
HP NetServer LH3000
PERC 4 DC SCSI/i20 on Dell PowerEdge
NEC Express5800
References
External links
sco.com - I20
intel.com - UDI and I2O: Complementary Approaches to Portable, High-performance I/O
intelligent-io.com from the Internet Archive
wired.com - Consortium segregates the bus
Input/output
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20707636
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebat%20Karai%20District
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Tebat Karai District
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Tebat Karai is a district (kecamatan) of Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu.
Subdistricts
Taba Saling
Taba Sating
Tertik
Talang Karet
Tebing Penyamun
Peraduan Binjai
Penanjung Panjang Atas
Penanjung Panjang
Taba Air Pauh
Nanti Agung
Sinar Gunung
Karang Tengah
Tapak Gedung
Districts of Kepahiang Regency
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44303869
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%20Academy
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Ark Academy
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Ark Academy is a mixed all-through school located in Wembley, London, in the London Borough of Brent, England.
The school was established in 2010 by Ark, one of the first new schools to be established under the academies programme. Ark Academy offers primary, secondary and sixth form education to pupils aged 3 to 18. The primary phase of the school is located on Forty Avenue while the secondary phase is located on Bridge Road. The schools most recent addition of its sixth form building was opened in early 2016 on Forty Avenue.
In February 2016 Ark Academy was named as one of the top 100 non-selective state schools in England.
References
External links
Ark Academy official website
Primary schools in the London Borough of Brent
Secondary schools in the London Borough of Brent
Academies in the London Borough of Brent
Ark schools
Educational institutions established in 2008
2008 establishments in England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Dust%20%28novel%29
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Red Dust (novel)
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Red Dust is a 2000 novel written by South African-born Gillian Slovo that is structured around the hearings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in the fictional town Smitsrivier and also addresses the question of truth.
In post-apartheid South Africa, retired anti-apartheid activist and lawyer Ben Hoffman cannot turn down James Sizela's wish to use the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) hearing of local ex-police officer Dirk Hendricks to find out what happened to James's son Steve who has been missing since the mid-1980s confrontation between white state authorities and the black African National Congress (ANC). But Ben knows he cannot accept this case alone as he is ill and his powers are waning. He calls his former student, New York prosecutor Sarah Barcant to return to South Africa to help him with the amnesty hearing.
They hope that the questioning of MP Alex Mpondo, a torture victim of Dirk and comrade of Steve, in connection with the TRC's full disclosure law will enable them to get hold of Pieter Muller, Smitsrivier's former police boss, who they think killed Steve Sizela. Intended to reconcile South Africans with the violent chapter of their country's past the hearings turn out to open up old and create new wounds making the characters face the truth or their ideas of it.
Biographical context
Gillian Slovo's interest in the TRC derives from her family background that is deeply rooted in the struggle against apartheid. In fact, her parents are the only whites buried in Soweto's Avalon Cemetery.
Her father, Joe Slovo, led the South African Communist Party and was also a leading figure of the African National Congress. He is also one of the leaders of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the ANC, founded in the early 1960s. Joe Slovo returned to South Africa in 1990 to take part in the negotiations between ANC and the white government about a peaceful transition towards democracy. He later served as Minister for Housing under Nelson Mandela until his death in 1995.
Ruth First, Gillian's mother, was a determined activist as well. She worked, after having to flee South Africa in 1964, at various English universities before returning to the continent in 1978 to continue her struggle at the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo, Mozambique. On 17 August 1982, she was murdered by a parcel bomb sent by the South African Security Force.
She acknowledges that Red Dust is a direct result of her mother's death. She wrote, "The seeds of it were born out of my grave-side realisation that if the country would not leave me alone, then I would have to face it". Gillian Slovo experienced the workings of the TRC herself when she faced the murderer of her mother, Craig Williamson, in amnesty hearings in South Africa. She described the trial as extremely painful, especially given the result that Williamson received amnesty. Yet, she understood the way they (the Security Police) thought and used her personal experiences of unwanted intimacy in Red Dust. Her attitude towards the TRC is reflected in her assumption that "It helps a whole society reconcile itself to its past, without ignoring or denying it."
In an interview Slovo said:
Characterizations
Alex Mpondo
ANC- activist Alex Mpondo comes back to Smitsrivier, the city he grew up in, to face his former torturer Dirk Hendricks in order to help the Sizela family to find their murdered son Steve, Mpondo's friend as well as comrade in the struggle.
Alex Mpondo was tortured for supplying the ANC with weaponry for the fight against the apartheid regime. He was caught and arrested along with Steve Sizela who he saw the last time being carried out of the prison almost dead. This caused an inner conflict about his responsibility of Steve's death because he isn't sure whether he broke in his interrogation and betrayed him by revealing his identity or not. To escape this struggle he left the town in 1985 and now is a Member of Parliament.
Returning home people portray him as a "charismatic" "ladies man". Sarah Barcant, his lawyer in his amnesty hearing, notices first his strong hands, the blue Jeans and the white T-shirt that hung beautifully from his boxer's shoulders. For her he has "so much of the city about him". The image of the successful MP turns out to be only a facade he puts up to protect himself from his guilty conscience. All this time he has dealt with the problem by repressing his past. He tries to "put Steve out of his mind [and] buried him as surely as Steve himself has been buried". But the question, if he sealed his friend's fate, is still dominating his life: "Steve's death: his fault?"
Alex comes only back on James Sizela's request, who holds him accountable for his son's passing away. "It is all for James's sake, (…), not for his own".
Alex himself is scared to oppose Dirk Hendricks, because his past is going to be excavated. In the beginning of the hearings he tries to keep up his barrier to prevent Dirk Hendricks's narrative, his version of history, becoming his own. Sometimes, when his past gets a grip on him, he is unpredictable and shows hidden facets of his personality, like a "chameleon".
But the urge to know the answer to his question drives him to keep cross-examining Dirk Hendricks, although he in many situations reaches the point, where he simply wants to quit. He can't stand the intimacy between his torturer and himself, knowing that "he'll turn the screws on him". Alex is ashamed of the fact that he might have broken by telling the place of the weapon storage and also anxious that by revealing this in court he could also lose his reputation of a hero. In his opinion Dirk has turned him white: "He was no longer black".
In the end Alex Mpondo still doesn't know the truth, but yet he has gained a lot from facing Dirk Hendricks. By talking and reliving the events once more, he is now able to find a way to handle his emotions and to close with the past. He developed a working relationship to his lawyer Sarah Barcant, who forced him to continue the hearings. This climaxes in a love scene, which also is the last one since both of them prefer to continue their individual paths in life.
Dirk Hendricks
Dirk Hendricks is one of the main characters in Red Dust.
He is imprisoned for some other crime he committed during the time of apartheid. He is scared of being imprisoned once again, so he applies for amnesty.
"…and Dirk a jailbird…that he looked like shit."
These were Pieter Muller's first thoughts when he saw Dirk after coming out of the van.
Because of his time in prison he lost nearly everything, including his family and his job. He suffers from PTSD and has lost his bearings in the new South Africa. Only his friendship to Pieter still remains.
His last chance to finally obtain freedom is to apply for amnesty in front of the TRC. In fact Pieter Muller is guilty of murder. Dirk now is indecisive whether to stay loyal to Pieter or to tell the whole truth.
From his point of view he didn't do anything criminal, he was ordered to do so in that special time of riot and trouble. He only did his duty. He was a patriot and believed in fighting for the right cause. His true self is only revealed to Alex. A main part of the story hinges on their intimate relationship of torturer and victim.
Sarah Barcant
Sarah Barcant, a 36 years old lawyer from New York, a typical career woman, well-dressed with fashionable clothes and "high-heels", comes back to her past.
She is living in New York but was born in Smitsrivier, where she grew up and lived with her parents in the Main Street. Her father was an optician, but nevertheless he "had not made enough money to move his family of Main Street to Francis Avenue, which was home to most of Smitsrivier white population" (p. 33).
She got the chance to study law and to move to New York with the help of Ben Hoffmann, her mentor. There she started a new life. After the end of apartheid her parents moved to Perth, Australia. Fourteen years later she now gets a telephone call from Ben, who needs her help for a new case in South Africa.
Back in Smitsrivier she remembers her past and childhood. Everything has changed, but it is her who has changed most. She feels a bond to South Africa but doesn't belong there anymore.
She is only focused on the case and not on the people around her and especially her client Alex Mpondo. Sarah is doing her job very accurately, "It's called preparation. I was taught to do it properly". She loves her job and shows good skills as a lawyer. One example is the hearing of Dirk Hendricks, where she puts him under pressure. Ben Hoffmann, however sees her different behaviour: "You are no longer the person I knew or the lawyer I trained. You think like a prosecutor. Is that what New York has done to you? Did it turn you into such an unfeeling monster?".
At first she just wants to find out the truth and does not really care about the individual emotions and trauma involved, but just wants to do a good job. In the end she has changed. When she lies to Alex about his share in Steve's death she bends the truth to help him.
One important relationship is the one to Ben Hoffman, her mentor. They met when he was middle-aged and she was fourteen. Ben changed her life because he taught her and then gave her the possibility to go to New York as a lawyer. He helped her in every situation, "he had shared his life with her, outside of his work". Sarah was always like a daughter to him. He still wants her to stay permanently: "Without Smitsrivier, without South Africa, you will always be less than you could ever have been."
Pieter Muller
Pieter Muller is the second character that is portrayed in the book. When the reader first encounters him, he is in his bedroom and wakes up because he thinks he heard something. He then goes outside with his dogs to check if everything is all right. When he finds nothing, he begins to puzzle about why he woke up and figures out that it must have been because of the TRC and James Sizela.
Pieter is described as a thickset man with a big square face with narrow eyes, and heavy jowls resting on a bullish neck. He has downy ginger hair and a fading ginger beard. He has an air of authority over him and 'always moves with purpose'. He makes a living as the boss of a small security company in Smitsrivier.
In the past Pieter worked as a police officer. There he interrogated Steve Sizela and tortured him for over a month until he died after he and Dirk put a wager on who would break his suspect first. He doesn't think that his actions were wrong. He says: "Steve's death was an oversight. [...] It was my hand that knocked his head against the wall, that knocked his brains out." This also shows how little remorse he shows for what he did. In the past he must have had a bad conscience though, because he makes Dirk bury the body while getting away with some weak excuse - he had to go to church - which also was his "death sentence". He tries to actively ignore the past - which makes him seem very stubborn and ignorant.
Pieter cares deeply for his wife Mary, who is sick and needs help to get around the house and he is always looking after her. He sometimes still longs for how she used to be ("...but no, that version of his wife existed only in the past..." ). Another side of Pieter is that of a cold manipulator; he tries to influence Dirk Hendricks to not reveal any critical information. He also manipulates James Sizela to shoot him in the end of the book. He does this so that he doesn't have to go to the TRC and apply for amnesty, because it would be against his ideals, he would rather die than admit that he was wrong and beg for mercy. He also wants to cash in his insurance to make sure that his wife gets the support she needs.
James Sizela
"Perjury, perjury, in the highest degree." How does this quote relate to the character of James Sizela?
James Sizela is an African, grey-haired old man with cinnamon bark skin, high cheek bones, a high forehead and gently slanting eyes.
As headmaster of the local school he wears an old-fashioned pinstripe suit, which fits his general behaviour as he is stern and unmoving. He sees himself as a man of the old school and follows the principles of probity, morality and integrity. He teaches those principles at school and also raised his son, Steve, in that manner.
Even though he wants to bury his long dead and missing son he does not really do a lot to support Sarah Barcant, who fights in court to find the body. James even gets angry when she wants to talk to him during class while he should be teaching. This is one example for his attitude towards work and duty, which is one of his higher priorities. He even misses the amnesty hearing of his son's murderer to go to work. This makes him look uninterested and not caring. In general he is quiet and it seems James doesn't allow emotions at all, and doesn't comfort his wife after Steve's remains are recovered. The latter shows that James Sizela has a problem with bonding and relationships which Pieter Muller proves when he talks to James about Steve.
This is one of the moments James shows the one emotion he knows: anger. In fact he gets angry enough, when Pieter Muller tells him he is responsible for his son's death, to lose control and to kill Pieter, even though he is not himself at that moment, in doing so, he commits "Perjury of the highest degree" to his principles of probity, morality and integrity.
As Muller's wife wrongly insists on her husband having killed himself she further denies James to deal with his action. He resigns from his teaching position.
The character James Sizela is quite important to interpret Red Dust, because he shows that everybody can become a killer given the "right" circumstances.
Ben Hoffmann
"He looks […] frail like a broken doll." Ben Hoffmann is an ageing white lawyer who has already retired and who has spent all his skill and expertise into representing black people in court, even in the time of apartheid.
He lives with his wife Anna in their house in town. They have a strict daily routine, treating each other with much respect. "In the fifty years they'd shared a bed, he'd never taken more than half unless invited to".
They don't have any children, but Sarah Barcant, Ben's former student, more or less takes a daughter-role for Ben.
Ben still treats Sarah like his student instead of as a grown-up who already worked as a prosecutor in New York for several years.
He is a stubborn person, who refuses to give up his professional principles as a lawyer, even though he is severely ill. "I'm dying"
"It had nevertheless been a life well lived. A good life, a rewarding life.[…] He had promised himself[…] to live out what remained to him in peace with his Anna".
Ben Hoffman's function in "Red Dust" is to establish the link between the Sizelas and Sarah Barcant. Without him she would never have returned to her homeland South Africa. Also, he serves as the advocate of the moral justification of the TRC in the debates he has with Sarah.
Structure
The novel is told from multiple perspectives using 3rd person selective omniscience. Thus Slovo adds heavily to the message by making the reader see through the eyes of all the characters in this network of truths and lies. Nobody is capable of establishing the truth.
Appropriately Slovo cites Shakespeare before she starts her story:
Is not the truth
the truth?
Henry IV, Part I, Act 2 Scene 4
See also
Red Dust (2004 film adaptation)
References
External links
movie review by Julie Rigg ABC Radio National (Retrieved 29 January 2008)
2000 novels
Apartheid novels
Political novels
Legal thriller novels
Postcolonial novels
Novels by Gillian Slovo
Novels set in South Africa
South African novels adapted into films
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
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35863554
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordellistena%20atrocincta
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Mordellistena atrocincta
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Mordellistena atrocincta is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1925 by Píc.
References
atrocincta
Beetles described in 1925
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14555660
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T213
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T213
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T213 was a baseball card set issued between 1910 and 1919 by tobacco manufacturer Coupon Cigarettes, based in New Orleans.
Overview
T213 refers to the catalog designation assigned by Jefferson Burdick in his book The American Card Catalog. The series is also known by the name of the tobacco manufacturer whose advertisements appear on the backs of the cards, "Coupon Cigarettes." The T213 designation actually is used to refer to three different issues, differentiated as T213-1, T213-2 and T213-3.
The T213-1 (or Type 1) set consists of 68 cards. Using the images from the T206 set, the cards depict players from the National, American and Southern Leagues, with their names and teams at bottom. The cards measure 1-7/16" x 2-5/8", which is considered by many collectors to be the standard tobacco card size. Type 1 cards, produced in 1910 are most easily identified by the fact that the word "(MILD)" in parentheses is found between the words "Coupon" and "Cigarettes." Type 1 Cards are considered to be the rarest of the T213 issues and finding them in high grade is difficult due to the thin paper stock they were printed on.
References
Baseball cards
Trading cards
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3389720
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Kazmaier
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Dick Kazmaier
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Richard William Kazmaier Jr. (November 23, 1930 – August 1, 2013) was an American businessman and naval lieutenant. He played college football at Princeton University from 1949 through 1951 and was the winner of the 1951 Heisman Trophy, Maxwell Award, and the Associated Press Athlete of the Year.
Early life and career
Kazmaier was born November 23, 1930, in Toledo, Ohio, the only child of Richard and Marian Kazmaier. He graduated from Maumee High School in Ohio in 1948. He played football (four years), basketball (four years), track and field (four years), baseball (four years) and golf (one year) earning a letter each year in each sport. He was recruited by 23 colleges, most offering full scholarships.
A halfback, kicker, and quarterback, Kazmaier ended his career third all-time in Princeton history with over 4,000 yards of offense and 55 touchdowns.
As a senior in 1951, Kazmaier was a consensus All-American and won the Maxwell Award and the Heisman Trophy. He was named Ivy League Football Player of the Decade in 1960 and Time magazine ran his picture on its cover. He was the last Heisman Trophy winner to play for an Ivy League institution. Kazmaier graduated from Princeton in 1952 after completing a senior thesis titled "The Company and the Union: A Case Study". The Chicago Bears selected him in the 1952 NFL Draft, but he declined to play pro football, instead going to Harvard Business School. After spending three years in the U.S. Navy (1955–1957) and attaining the rank of lieutenant, he founded Kazmaier Associated Inc, an investment firm in Concord, Massachusetts.
Later life
Kazmaier served as a director of the American Red Cross, director of the Ladies Professional Golfers Association, trustee of Princeton University, director of the Knight Foundation on Intercollegiate Athletics, chairman of the President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush and president of the National Football Foundation and Hall of Fame. The NCAA gave him its Silver Anniversary Award. He also received the National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award.
In 2007, during a Maumee football game against Perrysburg, Kazmaier was honored by having his jersey number (#42) retired. He also donated his Heisman Trophy to Maumee High School, where it is displayed inside a glass case in the main hallway. The stadium at Maumee High School is named in his honor. His daughter, the late Patty Kazmaier-Sandt, was an All-Ivy member of the Princeton women's ice hockey team who died in 1990 at the age of 28 from a rare blood disease. The Patty Kazmaier Award, which was established by Kazmaier to memorialize his daughter, is given to the top woman college ice hockey player in the United States at the annual Women's Frozen Four NCAA championship.
Personal
Kazmaier died on August 1, 2013, in Boston from heart and lung disease at the age of 82.
Honors
1950–1951: All-American in football
1951: Heisman Trophy winner
1951: Maxwell Award winner
1951: Named outstanding college football player by the Los Angeles Times, the Detroit Times, and the Cleveland Touchdown Club
1951: Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year
1951: Philadelphia Sports Writers Association Athlete of the Year
1960: Ivy League Football Player of the Decade
1962: Voted to the Greater Toledo Athletic Hall of Fame
1969: Sports Illustrated 's 1950's All Decade Team
1989: Walter Camp Distinguished American Award recipient
1993: National Football Foundation's Distinguished American Award in 1993
2007: Jersey number (#21) officially retired at Maumee High School in Kazmaier's honor.
2008: Jersey number (#42) officially retired at Princeton University in Kazmaier's (and Bill Bradley's) honor. Bradley had grown up as a fan of Kazmaier and chose the number 42 in his honor.
See also
List of NCAA major college football yearly passing leaders
List of NCAA major college football yearly total offense leaders
References
External links
1930 births
2013 deaths
American business executives
American football halfbacks
American football placekickers
American football quarterbacks
American men's basketball players
American Red Cross personnel
All-American college football players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Heisman Trophy winners
Maxwell Award winners
Princeton Tigers football players
Princeton Tigers men's basketball players
Harvard Business School alumni
People from Maumee, Ohio
Sportspeople from Toledo, Ohio
Players of American football from Ohio
Basketball players from Ohio
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14272893
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969%20Georgia%20Bulldogs%20football%20team
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1969 Georgia Bulldogs football team
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The 1969 Georgia Bulldogs football team had represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season.
Some of the more prominent players for the Bulldog were Jake Scott, Mike Cavan, Tommy Lyons, and Spike Jones.
Schedule
Source: 1970 Georgia Bulldogs Football Media Guide/Yearbook
Roster
References
Georgia
Georgia Bulldogs football seasons
Georgia Bulldogs football
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14134908
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione%20S-transferase%20A1
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Glutathione S-transferase A1
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Glutathione S-transferase A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSTA1 gene.
Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding these enzymes are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of some drugs. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, are the most abundantly expressed glutathione S-transferases in liver (hepatocytes) and kidney (proximal tubules). In addition to metabolizing bilirubin and certain anti-cancer drugs in the liver, the alpha class of these enzymes exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity, thereby protecting the cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation.
Release of GST-A1 as an indication of cellular necrosis
Increases in serum and urinary GST-A1 have been found in association with hepatocyte and renal proximal tubular necrosis respectively, and have potential for monitoring injury to these tissues.
References
Further reading
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41126143
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgay%20Erdener
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Turgay Erdener
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Turgay Erdener (Gümüşhane, 15 June 1957) is a contemporary Turkish composer of classical music. He first studied mandolin then entered into the piano department at Ankara State Conservatory (ADK). He has taught composition at the conservatory since 1979. He is married to the Ankara State Opera and Ballet soloist soprano Selva Erdener who has premiered his song cycle Sen sen sen (You you you) and Afife a ballet with songs based on the life of actress Afife Jale.
Selected works
Mi’den Dört Bölüm.Four Movements on E, string orchestra, 1985
İstanbulname operetta, libretto by Ferdi Merter, 1993
Komik komik şeyler oluyor musical, libretto by Murat Göksu, 1993
Various works for guitar.
Film music;
Likya'nın sönmeyen ateşi – "Eternal Flames of Lycia", 1977 Süha Arın
Mimar Sinan'ın Anıları – based on the life of Sinan the Architect, 1989 Süha Arın
Recordings
Üç türk melodisi, Ahmet Kanneci, guitar (Boyut Yayıncılık/BMG, 1997)
Teo - adagio for Orchestra. Düsseldorfer Symphoniker dir. Rengim Gökmen (Deutsche Welle Classics: A-511673, 1997)
Sen Sen Sen - song cycle. Selva Erdener, soprano; Ekrem Öztan, klarinet; Tahir Öğüt, trompet; Ahmet Kanneci, guitar; Tahir Aydoğdu, kanun; Tayfun Bozok, Derya Bozok, keman; Ercan Gören, viola; Erdoğan Davran, cello; Bora Akyol, bass guitar; İvan Çelak, accordion (Kalan Müzik Yapım: CD195, 2001)
Obua Konçertinosu; ve Mi'den dört bölüm Taşkın Oray, obua; Düsseldorfer Kammerorchester dir. Rengim Gökmen (Carillon: 24 753)
Yeşil düşler. Şefika Kutluer, flute, Borusan Oda Orkestrası cond. Saim Akçıl (Sony: SAM P CD.30.2004444.10)
Afife. Selva Erdener, soprano; Tahir Aydoğdu, kanun; Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra of Moscow Radio Rengim Gökmen (Yapı Kredi Sigorta)
Ahmet Kanneci Plays Turgay Erdener Ahmet Kanneci guitar (BMG Sony – Sony Classical)
İstanbul’un ses telleri Şirin Pancaroğlu harp, Tahir Aydoğdu kanun, Derya Türkan; klasik kemençe, Yurdal Tokcan; ud (Kalan)Nereye Aşkım' Selva Erdener & Turkuvaz Beşlisi Kalan
References
People from Gümüşhane
1957 births
Turkish classical composers
Living people
Male classical composers
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68517455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog%20Land%20%28attraction%29
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Dog Land (attraction)
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Dog Land was an eight acre tourist attraction consisting entirely of different breeds of dog that was open from 1960 to 1974 near Chiefland, Florida. It was conceptualized by Bob Shetterly, Vincenzo Calvaresi, and C.J. Wade, head of the Lexington Kennel Club.
History
Conceptualized in 1960, the goal of the attraction was to display each of all 113 different dog breeds then recognized by the American Kennel Club. To encourage dog breeders, owners, and other enthusiasts to invest, Dog Land's entrance had a sign in the shape of a dog. When questioned on location, Bob Shetterly said, “Up here in northwest Florida, under these big pines, it doesn’t get too hot for the Siberian husky, and neither is it too cold for the African basenji.” Shetterly ran the attraction and lived on-site with his family.
During its time, Dog Land was the world's largest collection of dog breeds from all over the world.
Dog Land shut down in 1974. It is unknown what happened to the many dogs living there.
Response
Dog Land enjoyed great success, with over 100 dogs living on the premises within its first year, and was featured in a guided tour video of the area that showed off the comfortable housing that included a patio and a run for each dog. Visitors from all over the world stopped by to see and adopt dogs. One edition of National Geographic showed a Sikh man's experience at Dog Land, depicting the place as family friendly and educational. All dogs on display at the attraction were purebred and buying them could cost customers up to $2,500. The only mutt on the premises was labelled an American breed, "another name for mongrel," and was named Pirate.
Bob Shetterly's son, Will Shetterly, wrote a novel called Dogland based on his experiences growing up with the attraction. The park itself has been left to rust and grow over.
Expansions
In 1965, a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant was integrated with Dog Land due to being so close to the entrance. There were plans for a dog hall of fame and a greyhound training track to be added on the property, but the attraction closed before these renovations could be made.
References
1960 establishments in Florida
1974 disestablishments in Florida
Tourist attractions in Levy County, Florida
Defunct tourist attractions in the United States
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694222
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach-O
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Mach-O
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Mach-O, short for Mach object file format, is a file format for executables, object code, shared libraries, dynamically-loaded code, and core dumps. It was developed to replace the a.out format.
Mach-O is used by most systems based on the Mach kernel. NeXTSTEP, macOS, and iOS are examples of systems that use this format for native executables, libraries and object code.
Mach-O file layout
Each Mach-O file is made up of one Mach-O header, followed by a series of load commands, followed by one or more segments, each of which contains between 0 and 255 sections. Mach-O uses the REL relocation format to handle references to symbols. When looking up symbols Mach-O uses a two-level namespace that encodes each symbol into an 'object/symbol name' pair that is then linearly searched for, first by the object and then the symbol name.
The basic structure—a list of variable-length "load commands" that reference pages of data elsewhere in the file—was also used in the executable file format for Accent. The Accent file format was in turn, based on an idea from Spice Lisp.
Multi-architecture binaries
Multiple Mach-O files can be combined in a multi-architecture binary. This allows a single binary file to contain code to support multiple instruction set architectures, for example for different generations and types of Apple devices, including different processor architectures like ARM and x86.
Minimum OS version
With the introduction of Mac OS X 10.6 platform the Mach-O file underwent a significant modification that causes binaries compiled on a computer running 10.6 or later to be (by default) executable only on computers running Mac OS X 10.6 or later. The difference stems from load commands that the dynamic linker, in previous Mac OS X versions, does not understand. Another significant change to the Mach-O format is the change in how the Link Edit tables (found in the __LINKEDIT section) function. In 10.6 these new Link Edit tables are compressed by removing unused and unneeded bits of information, however Mac OS X 10.5 and earlier cannot read this new Link Edit table format. To make backwards-compatible executables, the linker flag "-mmacosx-version-min=" can be used.
Other implementations
Some versions of NetBSD have had Mach-O support added as part of an implementation of binary compatibility, which allowed some Mac OS 10.3 binaries to be executed.
For Linux, a Mach-O loader was written by Shinichiro Hamaji that can load 10.6 binaries. As a more extensive solution based on this loader, the Darling Project aims at providing a complete environment allowing macOS applications to run on Linux.
For the Ruby programming language, the ruby-macho library provides an implementation of a Mach-O binary parser and editor.
See also
Fat binary
Universal binary
Mac transition to Intel processors
Mac transition to Apple silicon
Xcode
ELF
Comparison of executable file formats
References
External links
OS X ABI Mach-O File Format Reference (Apple Inc.)
Mach Object Files (NEXTSTEP documentation)
Mach-O Dynamic Library Reference
Mach-O linking and loading tricks
MachOView
Executable file formats
MacOS development
NeXT
Mach (kernel)
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38606806
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Garland
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Harry Garland
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Harry T. Garland (born 1947) is a scientist, engineer, author, and entrepreneur who co-founded Cromemco Inc., one of the earliest and most successful microcomputer companies. He received the B.A. degree in mathematics from Kalamazoo College, and the Ph.D. degree in biophysics from Stanford University.
Dr. Garland has been recognized as one of the most important innovators in the development of personal computers in Silicon Valley.
Personal life
He is the son of Harry G. Garland, the founder of Garland Manufacturing.
Stanford University
Garland began his graduate work at Stanford University in 1968. Garland's research at Stanford focused on the function of the human brain in controlling voluntary movement. He developed techniques in electromyography for monitoring muscle activity during voluntary movement and worked to delineate the role of the brain and the role of local reflexes in the control of muscles. This led to a deeper understanding of brain function during voluntary movement, and insight into the mode of action of L-DOPA in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Garland received the doctoral degree from Stanford in 1972.
He was invited by John G. Linvill to join the research staff of the Stanford Electronics Laboratories where he worked on the Optacon project and developed the concept for the next generation Optacon reading aid for the blind. In 1974, he was appointed Assistant Chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University; he taught graduate courses in electrical engineering and published a textbook in the new field of microprocessor system design.
Popular Electronics
While at Stanford University, Dr. Garland also worked to bring electronics technology to a wider audience. Over a period of six years, in collaboration with Stanford colleague Roger Melen, he wrote a series of articles for Popular Electronics magazine describing original designs that could be built by the electronic hobbyist. During this period, Garland and Melen also published two books: Understanding IC Operational Amplifiers and Understanding CMOS Integrated Circuits.
The MITS Altair computer, which launched the microcomputer industry, was introduced in January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics magazine. That same issue carried an article by Garland and Melen on solid-state image sensors. The following month they, together with their Stanford colleague Terry Walker, published the design of the world's first completely digital solid-state camera in Popular Electronics, and began work on developing an interface to connect the camera (which they called the “Cyclops”), to the MITS Altair computer. MITS introduced the Cyclops Camera as a peripheral for the Altair Computer in January 1976.
Their next project for Popular Electronics was to develop an interface between the Altair computer and a color television set. They called it the “Dazzler”. Garland and Melen again collaborated with Terry Walker on the hardware design and with Ed Hall, a fellow member of the Homebrew Computer Club, on the software design. The Dazzler appeared on the front cover of the February 1976 issue of Popular Electronics, and Garland and Melen offered a kit of parts for sale.
To support their sales of the Cyclops and the Dazzler, Garland and Melen rented a 200 sq. ft. office in Los Altos, California and formed Cromemco, a company named after the Stanford dormitory where they had both lived as graduate students.
Cromemco
Dr. Garland was president of Cromemco from its incorporation in 1976 until its sale in 1987. From the original Cyclops and Dazzler products the company developed a full line of microcomputer systems that were rated as the most reliable in the industry. Cromemco systems became the systems of choice for broadcast television graphics, were widely deployed as Mission Planning Systems by the United States Air Force, and were the first microcomputer systems widely distributed in China.
By 1980 Cromemco occupied 200,000 sq. ft. of manufacturing and office space in Mountain View, California, and In 1981 Inc. Magazine ranked Cromemco in the top 10 fastest growing privately held companies in the U.S. Garland achieved this growth without accepting any external equity financing.
The success of Cromemco products in television broadcast applications was based on a successor product to the original Dazzler, called the "Super Dazzler" interface (SDI). ColorGraphics Weather Systems, a customer of Cromemco, developed software for the SDI specifically for television weather graphics and digital art creation. Dynatech, the parent company of ColorGraphics Weather Systems, sought to acquire Cromemco to provide the computer and graphics systems for their broadcast division, and purchased Cromemco in 1987.
Further activity
In 1990 Dr. Garland was invited by Dr. Hajime Mitarai, president of Canon Inc., to help establish a new R&D center for Canon in Silicon Valley. Dr. Garland served as Vice President of this new center, Canon Research Center America, from 1990 to 2001. At Canon he developed technology for medical digital radiography equipment, and worked on standards to integrate this equipment with hospital and radiology information systems. He served on the Kalamazoo College Board of Trustees from 1987 to 2005, and on the board of Industry Initiatives for Science and Math Education (IISME) from 1996 to 2010 including a term as president of that board. In 2002 Dr. Garland co-founded Garland Actuarial LLC with his wife, Roberta J. Garland, and serves as chairman of the firm.
Recognition
Dr. Garland's contributions to the computer industry have been recognized in numerous books and on television, including appearances on the Financial News Network, The Personal Computer Show, The Screen Savers, and in the PBS documentary Triumph of the Nerds. He has received the Sesquicentennial Award from Kalamazoo College and the Distinguished Alumni Award. He is the author of three books: Understanding IC Operational Amplifiers, Understanding CMOS Integrated Circuits, and Introduction to Microprocessor System Design. He has been awarded 20 U.S. Patents.
References
1947 births
American computer businesspeople
American technology company founders
Cromemco
Living people
American electronics engineers
Silicon Valley people
Stanford University alumni
Kalamazoo College alumni
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