corpusid
int64 5
255M
| openaccessinfo
dict | abstract
stringlengths 1
10k
| updated
stringlengths 20
24
|
|---|---|---|---|
18,464,024 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/cid/ciu187",
"MAG": "2148341727",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/58/12/1763/9412307/ciu187.pdf"
}
|
BACKGROUND
Few data exist on the efficacy of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in semen of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected men who have sex with men (MSM) with sustained control of HIV replication in blood.
METHODS
HIV-1 infected MSM on successful cART for >6 months were enrolled. HIV-RNA was quantified in seminal plasma (spVL) and in blood plasma (bpVL) from 2 paired samples collected 4 weeks apart. Relationship between spVL and bpVL (measured by an ultrasensitive assay, LOQ 10 copies/mL), total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-associated HIV-DNA, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and self-reported socio-behavioral characteristics was assessed using GEE logistic regression.
RESULTS
In total, 157 patients were included. Median time with bpVL <50 copies/mL was 3.3 years. spVL was detectable in 23/304 samples (prevalence 7.6%). Median spVL was 145 cp/mL (100-1475). spVL was detectable on the first, on the second, and on both samples in 5, 14, and 2 men, respectively. In sum, 33 individuals (21%) had STIs (asymptomatic in 24/33). Residual bpVL was undetectable by ultrasensitive assay in 225/300 samples (75%). After multivariable adjustments, PBMC-associated HIV-DNA (OR 2.6[1.2; 6.0], for HIV-DNA > 2.5 log10 cp/10(6) PBMC, P = .02), and cannabis use during sexual intercourse (OR 2.8[1.2; 6.7], P = .02) were the only factors associated significantly with spVL.
CONCLUSION
We show that HIV-RNA can be detected intermittently in semen of HIV-1 infected MSM despite successful cART. The size of blood HIV-1 reservoir predicted spVL detection. Our results indicated also that the possible effect of cannabis should be taken into account when developing prevention interventions targeted toward HIV-infected MSM on successful cART.
|
2022-12-17T01:19:33.622Z
|
119,687,574 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2307/2531958",
"MAG": "1989973581",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A regression model for censored survival data with covariates is introduced and termed extended hazard regression (EHR). EHR includes the proportional hazards (PH) and the accelerated failure time (AFT) models as special cases. By approximating the baseline hazard function with quadratic splines, we develop a maximum likelihood estimation procedure to provide a simultaneous estimate of both the hazard function and the regression coefficients. The AFT and PH assumptions can then be compared by likelihood ratio tests within the more general EHR model. Several examples based on artificial and real data are discussed.
|
2022-12-17T20:43:15.953Z
|
1,313,405 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.562541",
"MAG": "1567252710",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/papers/p1827-2004-02-09.pdf"
}
|
We study several popular monetary models which generate a non-degenerate stationary distribution of money holdings. Across these environments, our principal finding is as follows: a monetary policy that sets long run nominal interest rates to zero (the Friedman rule) does not typically maximize ex-post social welfare if it can generate redistributive effects. An increase in the rate of growth of the money supply has the standard partial-equilibrium effect of making money a less desirable asset thereby decreasing the utility of all moneyholders. A second, general-equilibrium effect, is a transfer from one type of agent to the other. For each environment, when the rate of growth of the money supply is not too high, an increase in the latter away from the Friedman rule may produce a transfer effect that dominates the partial equilibrium effect thereby rendering the Friedman rule ex-post suboptimal.
|
2022-12-19T19:08:04.222Z
|
18,449,519 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/1469-8986.3650602",
"MAG": "2151263013",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The role of the autonomic nervous system in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses to laboratory challenge was explored in a study in which sIgA and cardiovascular activity were recorded at rest and during mental arithmetic and paced breathing. These tasks were selected to preferentially engage the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, respectively. Mental arithmetic elicited a mixed pattern of increased alpha- and beta-adrenergic activity and a reduction in parasympathetic activity; diastolic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, and systolic blood pressure increased, preejection period shortened, and heart rate variability decreased. In contrast, paced breathing primarily elicited an increase in parasympathetic activity; heart rate variability increased. Mental arithmetic also provoked an increase in sIgA concentration but no change in saliva volume, whereas paced breathing affected neither sIgA concentration nor saliva volume. These data suggest that sIgA responses to laboratory challenges are mediated by sympathetic rather than parasympathetic processes.
|
2022-12-20T14:21:06.463Z
|
35,785,381 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/HUMREP/16.6.1264",
"MAG": "2118739591",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A 3 year retrospective analysis was conducted of pregnancies achieved after various assisted reproductive treatment modalities in our infertility practice, to calculate and compare the rates of monozygotic twinning (MZT). A total of 731 pregnancies achieved after various assisted reproduction treatments were reviewed. Gonadotrophin therapy for induction of ovulation and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) yielded 129 clinical pregnancies. Conventional IVF yielded 139 pregnancies. IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with or without assisted hatching (AH) yielded 463 pregnancies, all during the same time period. The rates of multiple pregnancy (monozygotic and dizygotic) twins and triplets were recorded. MZT was found in 1.5% of ovulation induction or COH pregnancies (2/129). The incidence of MZT after conventional IVF was 0.72% (1/139). After IVF-ICSI/AH, MZT was found in 0.86% (4/463). The overall rate of MZT was 0.95% (7/731). Five cases were dizygotic triplets and two cases were monozygotic twins. We found the rate of MZT after assisted reproduction treatment increased more than two-fold over the background rate in the general population. Dizygotic triplets were found more often than monozygotic twins. The rate of MZT was consistently increased, irrespective of treatment modality or micromanipulation. This may signify that the aetiology of increased MZT after assisted reproduction is the gonadotrophin treatment rather than in-vitro conditions, micromanipulation, or multiple embryo transfer.
|
2022-12-23T02:03:21.334Z
|
245,170,011 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1108/apjml-08-2021-0624",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
PurposeDespite the theoretical advancements of market orientation and firm performance, there is a paucity of research regarding SMEs in Indonesia. Customer and competitor orientation were examined as two distinct constructs as per the literature, as it has been questioned for its robustness. They have been used synonymously, even though customer orientation is operationalised as a component of a market orientation construct. There is support for the argument from a theoretical point of view to keep customer orientation and competitor orientation separate. The objective of this research was to empirically test market orientation concepts on firm performance and assessing customer and competitor orientation separately. Furthermore, it also tests whether innovation plays a mediating role.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 309 small and medium-sized firms was found eligible for this study. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyze the data. A multi-industry sample of firms was used to strengthen the generalisability of the results. The sample was acquired from two databases of SMEs directory in Kudus and Pati, East Java Indonesia, participants were randomly selected.FindingsThe findings show that innovation mediates the relationship between competitor orientation and firm performance, while competitor orientation had no significant relationship with firm performance. Customer orientation was found to positively influence firm performance.Originality/valueThe role of innovation as a mediator within SMEs in a developing country opens up avenues for further research among other developing countries. By examining both the concepts of customer and competitor orientation separately and establishing relationships, we validate support for this argument both from a methodological and theoretical point of view.
|
2022-09-12T12:07:21.102Z
|
20,714,504 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14740/jocmr2353w",
"MAG": "2265408061",
"PubMedCentral": "4737041"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.jocmr.org/index.php/JOCMR/article/download/2353/1413"
}
|
Viral bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children under the age of 2. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the infecting agent in more than 50% of the cases. Usually the clinical course is uneventful and complications are uncommon. Secondary air leaks are a recognized rare complication of bronchiolitis, although the real incidence remains unknown. We report a case of a 21-month-old female that developed a spontaneous pneumothorax (PNO) with subcutaneous emphysema (SE) late in the course of RSV acute bronchiolitis. Additional investigation ruled out any underlying disease predisposing to spontaneous PNO. Physicians, especially those who work with small children, must be aware of this uncommon complication of bronchiolitis that may appear late in the course of the disease despite an initial clinical improvement.
|
2022-10-12T18:12:58.540Z
|
245,361,699 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.24132/pi.2021.07927.248-255",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://dspace5.zcu.cz/bitstream/11025/46458/1/PI2021%20-%20sbornik_komplet_uvod.pdf"
}
|
Automobilový priemysel patrí k najvýznamnejším svetovým výrobným odvetviam. Výroba karosárskych dielov je významná v rámci ekosystému výrobných podnikov spolupracujúcich na výrobe súčiastok automobilov. Karosárske diely sú v súčasnosti produkty na špičkovej technologickej úrovni, pričom ich výroba musí spĺňať vysoké požiadavky na kvalitu a presnosť. Karoséria automobilu je zložená z veľkého počtu pohľadových, štrukturálnych a platformových dielov a každý z nich musí byť vyrobený v priemere 6 samostatnými lisovacími nástrojmi. Z tohto dôvodu je výroba karosárskych dielov časovo a finančne náročná. V predvýrobnej etape karosárskych dielov je potrebné vyrobiť prototypové karosárske diely, ktoré je možné digitalizovať s využitím techník reverzného inžinierstva.
|
2022-02-07T20:01:52.912Z
|
154,003,934 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1468-0084.1995.MP57002007.X",
"MAG": "1579339020",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this paper, the authors study the economic news, as reflected in the announcements of the United States trade balance by the Commerce Department, to illustrate the importance of revised data versus preliminary data to economic agents. A new methodology has been developed here to study how agents in the exchange market respond to these monthly trade balance announcements and, consequently, move the dollar's exchange rate. In contrast to previous studies where agent reactions to only preliminary trade figures were analyzed, this method is applied to examine market reactions to the preliminary and revised trade balance figures. Copyright 1995 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
|
2022-02-09T02:05:17.283Z
|
234,297,188 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.20473/JD.V4I1.24294",
"MAG": "3120784268",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, peraturan perundangan-undangan dan kasus. Sedangkan rumusan masalah yang menjadi isu hukum dalam skripsi ini adalah mengenai karakteristik pidana pencabutan hak dipilih dalam jabatan publik dalam tindak pidana korupsi dan akibat hukum Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 56/PUU-XVII/2019 terhadap penjatuhan pidana pencabutan hak dipilih dalam jabatan publik dalam tindak pidana korupsi. Karakteristik pidana pencabutan hak dipilih dalam jabatan publik yang dimaksud berupa pidana tambahan yang diatur oleh Pasal 18 UU Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi dengan merujuk pada ketentuan-ketentuan KUHP selanjutnya dikonkritisai melalui berbagai putusan pengadilan ditingkat judex factie dan judex jurist. Sementara itu, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 56/PUU-XVII/2019 mempertegas eksistensi penjatuhan pidana tambahan berupa pencabutan hak dipilih dalam jabatan publik terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi serta sekaligus menjadi rujukan mengenai lamanya pencabutan hak yakni selama lima tahun.
|
2022-12-23T02:23:40.905Z
|
22,723,957 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1053/JHEP.2000.9322",
"MAG": "2000287530",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Proteome analysis was performed on cellular and secreted proteins of normal (quiescent) and activated rat hepatic stellate cells. The stellate cells were activated either in vitro by cultivating quiescent stellate cells for 9 days or in vivo by injecting rats with carbon tetrachloride for 8 weeks. A total of 43 proteins/polypeptides were identified, which altered their expression levels when the cells were activated in vivo and/or in vitro. Twenty‐seven of them showed similar changes in vivo and in vitro, including up‐regulated proteins such as calcyclin, calgizzarin, and galectin‐1 as well as down‐regulated proteins such as liver carboxylesterase 10 and serine protease inhibitor 3. Sixteen of them showed different expression levels between in vivo and in vitro activated stellate cells. These results were reproducibly obtained in 3 independent experiments. The up‐regulation of calcyclin, calgizzarin, and galectin‐1, as well as the down‐regulation of liver carboxylesterase 10 were directly confirmed in fibrotic liver tissues. Northern blots confirmed up‐regulation of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of calcyclin, calgizzarin, and galectin‐1 in activated stellate cells, indicating that these changes were controlled at the mRNA level. In addition a list compiling over 150 stellate cell proteins is presented. The data presented here thus provide a significant new protein‐level insight into the activation of hepatic stellate cells, a key event in liver fibrogenesis.
|
2022-12-21T10:08:04.746Z
|
85,203,881 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/S1519-566X2005000600001",
"MAG": "2077164526",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We review the studies of evolution and ecology in the Calopterygidae. Adults are easily distinguished for their pigmented wings and territorial behaviour. Three genera have been well studied: Hetaerina, Calopteryx and Mnais. Larvae develop in riverine aquatic environments. Selection operates at this stage to produce large muscle mass for adults. The adult spends some days until sexually ready. During this time, it feeds extensively to produce muscle fat for egg production and flight. However, gregarine parasites may ingest the fat reserves. Males may use two mating tactics or strategies that may be genetically (Mnais) or environmentally (Calopteryx and Hetaerina) determined: territoriality and nonterritoriality. In Mnais, these strategies appear balanced in fitness terms. Males of Calopteryx, Mnais and Phaon show a precopulatory courtship that is not the case for Hetaerina. Male wing pigmentation seems to signal how good the male is to deal immunologically with parasites to females during the male courtship. During copulation, males displace the sperm the female has stored in the storage organs from previous matings. There is an enormous variation in male sperm displacement mechanisms and ability, and in genitalic morphology in both sexes. This variation possibly results from a coevolutionary game between the sexes to control stored sperm. After copulation, males guard females apparently to avoid that other males take the female in copulation. Our review suggests sources for research in this family.
|
2022-12-31T16:04:45.404Z
|
252,401,712 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.53730/ijhs.v6ns6.12821",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://sciencescholar.us/journal/index.php/ijhs/article/download/12821/9449"
}
|
Aims and objectives: To monitor perfusion index in each patient in immediate pre-operative period; To assess co-relation of perfusion index with other hemodynamic parameters observed simultaneously; and To observe variation in perfusion index with different anesthesia techniques- general anesthesia, neuraxial blockade and peripheral nerve blocks. Methodology: 50 cases each under ASA class I, II or III posted for elective surgeries under brachial plexus nerve blocks, neuraxial and general anesthesia were included. The perfusion index, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was monitored in the immediate pre-operative period and after induction of anesthesia at 5, 10 and 15 mins. Results: In our study, it was noted perfusion index increased significantly from the baseline (p<0.001) in all the three anesthesia techniques. Systolic, diastolic pressure and heart rate showed significant decrease at 5, 10 and 15mins post anesthesia but in patients under general anesthesia category, decrease in heart rate was significant at 15 mins (p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that perfusion index could be a simpler tool to assess the onset of anesthesia and help predicting the change in hemodynamic parameters that occurs with it.
|
2022-10-07T00:17:36.670Z
|
222,142,942 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "2104.00196",
"DOI": "10.1145/3409331",
"MAG": "3091367804",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.00196"
}
|
Learning representation for source code is a foundation of many program analysis tasks. In recent years, neural networks have already shown success in this area, but most existing models did not make full use of the unique structural information of programs. Although abstract syntax tree (AST)-based neural models can handle the tree structure in the source code, they cannot capture the richness of different types of substructure in programs. In this article, we propose a modular tree network that dynamically composes different neural network units into tree structures based on the input AST. Different from previous tree-structural neural network models, a modular tree network can capture the semantic differences between types of AST substructures. We evaluate our model on two tasks: program classification and code clone detection. Our model achieves the best performance compared with state-of-the-art approaches in both tasks, showing the advantage of leveraging more elaborate structure information of the source code.
|
2022-12-15T03:44:09.245Z
|
21,185,265 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/acs.est.6b05178",
"MAG": "2592642529",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The fate, behavior, and impact of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in toxicological and environmental media are driven by complex processes which are difficult to quantify. A key limitation is the ability to perform measurements at low and environmentally relevant concentrations, since concentration may be a key factor determining fate and effects. Here, we use single particle inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (SP-ICP-MS) to measure directly NP diameter and particle number concentration of suspensions containing gold-silver core-shell (Au@Ag) NPs in EPA moderately hard water (MHW) and MHW containing 2.5 mg L-1 Suwannee River fulvic acid. The Au core of the Au@Ag NPs acts as an internal standard, and aids in the analysis of the complex Ag transformations. The high sensitivity of SP-ICP-MS, along with the Au@Ag NPs, enabled us to track the NP transformations in the range 0.01 and 50 μg L-1, without further sample preparation. On the basis of the analysis of both Au and Ag parameters (size, size distribution, and particle number), concentration was shown to be a key factor in NP behavior. At higher concentration, NPs were in an aggregation-dominated regime, while at the lower and environmentally representative concentrations, dissolution of Ag was dominant and aggregation was negligible. In addition, further formation of ionic silver as Ag NPs in the form of AgS or AgCl was shown to occur. Between 1 and 10 μg L-1, both aggregation and dissolution were important. The results suggest that, under realistic conditions, the role of NP homoaggregation may be minimal. In addition, the complexity of exposure and dose in dose-response relationships is highlighted.
|
2022-12-17T10:10:15.929Z
|
16,779,188 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1086/382791",
"MAG": "2022094377",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/ms35tj54z"
}
|
The optimal trade‐off between offspring size and number can depend on details of the mode of reproduction or development. In marine organisms, broadcast spawning is widespread, and external coats are a common feature of spawned eggs. Egg jelly coats are thought to influence several aspects of fertilization and early development, including the size of the target for sperm, fertilization efficiency, egg suspension time, polyspermy, embryo survival, and fecundity. These costs and benefits of investment in jelly result in trade‐offs that can influence optimal reproductive allocation and the evolution of egg size. I develop an optimization model that sequentially incorporates assumptions about the function of egg coats in fertilization. The model predicts large variation in coat size and limited variation in ovum size under a broad range of conditions. Heterogeneity among spawning events further limits the range of ovum sizes predicted to evolve under sperm limitation. In contrast, variation in larval mortality predicts a broad range of optimal ovum sizes that more closely reflects natural variation among broadcast‐spawning invertebrates. By decoupling physical and energetic size, egg coats can enhance fertilization, maintain high fecundity, and buffer the evolution of ovum size from variation in spawning conditions.
|
2022-12-17T23:12:28.121Z
|
31,708,825 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/INTMAG.2005.1464006",
"MAG": "2187047330",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A patient in MRI is exposed to the time varying gradient and radio-frequency (RF) fields. Measurements of RF-induced temperature rise in implant in phantoms are used to predict the in-vivo temperature rise. This paper focuses on the numerical computation of power deposition inside such a phantom. The finite-difference time domain (FDTD) was used for the calculations. The phantom was placed inside a whole body bird cage coil. For landmarks in the torso of the phantom, the power deposition is concentrated near the edges. The whole phantom average specific absorption rate (SAR) for a mean square field intensity of 1(/spl mu/T)/sup 2/ ranged from 0.032 W/kg for the eyes landmark to 0.151 W/kg for the waist landmark. The SAR increased with increasing conductivity in the range 0.2 to 0.8 S/m. The distribution of the measured temperature rise versus lateral position at the landmark was consistent with the calculation. The electric field is tangential to the phantom edges but has significant elliptical polarization near the corners.
|
2022-12-17T13:07:27.087Z
|
151,075,696 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/9781118133880.HOP204011",
"MAG": "2913115939",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The choices people make in selecting which action to perform in response to various stimulus events have been studied since the earliest days of the field of psychology. Many investigations have used choice-reaction tasks, although other behavioral methods have also been employed. As with other areas of experimental psychology, methods of neuroscience have come to be used increasingly more often in addition to behavioral methods. Phenomena attributed to action-selection processes include the trade-off between reaction time and response accuracy, the influence of stimulus-response uncertainty on performance, stimulus-response compatibility effects, alertness and general preparation effects, preparation for particular subsets of stimuli and responses, correspondence effects for irrelevant stimulus location and other irrelevant dimensions with responses, and costs associated with performing multiple tasks. In this chapter, we review classic and contemporary studies and theories on these and related phenomena.
Keywords:
perception and action;
response selection;
stimulus-response compatibility
|
2022-02-09T03:35:37.337Z
|
93,263,351 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5451/UNIBAS-004349735",
"MAG": "1591256006",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Molecular biological affinity studies is a field with an abundance of interesting
analytical methods. The following work summarises the current methods in a short
overview before focussing on the electrophoretic measurements. They belong to an
active area of research, which is suitable for a large spectrum of applications. The
possibility to transfer affinity studies from capillary to a miniaturised system – the chip
– is the main aim of this work. In the age of high throughput screening, fast new
analytical methods are required and miniaturised systems, such as the
electrophoretic chip, become a common demand.
Up-to-now the application of EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) was only
used on capillary. Here it was successfully transferred for the first time to a planar
miniaturised system. In order to characterise the microchip, known systems
(neurotransmitters and cyclodextrins) have been measured. As for the binding
parameters, the measurements proofed that chips deliver the same results as the
capillary, however in a shorter time and with less material consumption.
Apart from measurements with neurotransmitters, studies with artificial receptors and
peptides, with single-stranded DNA and metal cations have been accomplished. The
results of the binding affinities have been compared to calorimetric measurements
and confirmed the quality of the ACE (affinity capillary electrophoresis)
measurements on chip. By choosing certain oligonucleotide sequences and suited
buffer systems, the binding selectivity of metal ions for tetranucleotides could be
shown. Considering the building of binary and tertiary complexes, which depends on
the kind of buffer molecules, the binding constants and the amount of binding
partners were calculated. Although not the same number of measurements has been
compiled for the microchip as for the capillary, in principal the suitability of the chip to
examine non-covalent bindings to oligonucleotides and DNA strands was shown.
Methodical specialities as well as qualitative differences between
measurements on the capillary and on the chip have been observed and
documented. In some areas of research, important for electrophoretic ACE
measurements, chips are superior to capillary. The smaller amount of probes and
buffer and the shorter separation time, which allows the measurement of instable
systems, all speak in favour of the chip. Due to the significantly shorter separation
times, the phenomenon of diffusion has a distinctly smaller impact on the peak
broadening. This improves the separation efficiency. High separation efficiency is
important for ACE analytics, especially so when the separation is done in seconds.
The worse sensitivity of the chip could only be put down to technical peculiarities and
less efficient detection systems of the chips used here. Although capillaries with
normal separation lengths deliver qualitatively better results at the moment, the
microchip will be superior to the classical capillary electrophoresis as soon as reliable
injection methods are available and the steering of probe and separation media are
solved, additional to its present advantages.
|
2022-02-10T17:57:51.679Z
|
82,660,670 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21236/ada379775",
"MAG": "237356824",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract : Work from this laboratory demonstrated that receptors with integrity epitopes, and that bind to the consensus RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartate) sequence, are concentrated in forebrain synapses Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical experiments from other groups then showed that Bi subunits are present in hippocampus and that x8 subunits are highly concentrated in hippocampal synapses. Having established that integrins are indeed located in adult synapses,it was appropriate to ask what subtypes are used by brain and to map their distributions across regions. The question is potentially of considerable importance because the type of outside-in signaling performed by integrins is affected by their subunit composition.
|
2022-02-11T01:50:43.212Z
|
211,936,682 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.23917/profetika.v20i1.8943",
"MAG": "2984752666",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/profetika/article/download/8943/4836"
}
|
Mencuatnya perbincangan persoalan integrasi ilmu ke permukaan, sebenarnya merupakan suatu upaya untuk mencermati dinamika kehidupan dan keilmuan yang dikotomik di dunia Islam. Upaya untuk mengintegrasikan dan menginterkoneksikan berbagai keilmuan Islam dengan sains adalah daya upaya dan sekaligus sebagai jawaban mendesak atas kelemahan dan kekurangan di kalangan umat Islam dibandingkan paradigma ilmu Barat. Telah berabad-abad kaum muslimin terpenjara dalam pemahaman keagamaan yang sempit dan tidak rasional. Seakan-akan mengkaji alam semesta bukan merupakan perbuatan agama. Terjadi pemisahan secara tegas antara urusan dunia dengan akhirat, antara sains dengan agama, antara ilmuwan dengan ulama. Konsekuensinya, dunia Islam tertinggal jauh dari kemajuan sains Barat. Sadar akan keterbatasan dari terpaan dan tamparan sains, ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi Barat, PTAI Se-Indonesia berbenah diri, melakukan perombakan dan perubahan serius. Perubahan STAIN menjadi IAIN dan konversi IAIN menjadi UIN masih menyisakan problema besar, rumit dan pelik, terutama terletak pada persoalan pengembangan paradigma integrasi ilmu, pilar spritualitas dan model implementasinya. Model pengembangan paradigma integrasi ilmu yang dikembangkan di UIN Suka Yogyakarta terkonsentrasi pada simbol jaring laba-laba dan UIN Maliki Malang bersimbolkan pohon ilmu.
|
2022-01-27T15:35:34.568Z
|
119,010,602 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1742-2132/12/3/435",
"MAG": "1513047800",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In numerical modeling of seismic wave propagation in the earth, we encounter two important issues: the free surface and the topography of the surface (i.e. irregularities). In this study, we develop a 2D finite difference solver for the elastic wave equation that combines a 4th- order ADER scheme (Arbitrary high-order accuracy using DERivatives), which is widely used in aeroacoustics, with the characteristic variable method at the free surface boundary. The idea is to treat the free surface boundary explicitly by using ghost values of the solution for points beyond the free surface to impose the physical boundary condition. The method is based on the velocity-stress formulation. The ultimate goal is to develop a numerical solver for the elastic wave equation that is stable, accurate and computationally efficient. The solver treats smooth arbitrary-shaped boundaries as simple plane boundaries. The computational cost added by treating the topography is negligible compared to flat free surface because only a small number of grid points near the boundary need to be computed. In the presence of topography, using 10 grid points per shortest shear-wavelength, the solver yields accurate results. Benchmark numerical tests using several complex models that are solved by our method and other independent accurate methods show an excellent agreement, confirming the validity of the method for modeling elastic waves with an irregular free surface.
|
2022-09-09T03:21:14.420Z
|
225,718,497 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/oso/9780198861249.001.0001",
"MAG": "3044685073",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
How can international organizations (IOs) like the United Nations (UN) and their implementing partners be held accountable if their actions and policies violate fundamental human rights? Political scientists and legal scholars have shed a much-needed light on the limits of traditional accountability when it comes to complex global governance. However, conventional studies on IO accountability fail to systematically analyze a related, puzzling empirical trend: human rights violations that occur in the context of global governance do not go unnoticed altogether; they are investigated and sanctioned by independent third parties. This book puts forward the concept of pluralist accountability, whereby third parties hold IOs and their implementing partners accountable for human rights violations. We can expect pluralist accountability to evolve if a competitive environment stimulates third parties to enact accountability and if the implementing actors are vulnerable to human rights demands. Based on a comprehensive study of UN-mandated operations in Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Kosovo, the European Union Troika’s austerity policy, and global public–private health partnerships in India, this book demonstrates how competition and human rights vulnerability shape the evolution of pluralist accountability in response to diverse human rights violations, such as human trafficking, the violation of the rights of detainees, economic rights, and the right to consent in clinical trials. While highlighting the importance of studying alternative accountability mechanisms, this book also argues that pluralist accountability should not be regarded as a panacea for IOs’ legitimacy problems, as it is often less legalized and might cause multiple accountability disorder.
|
2022-11-19T19:39:23.301Z
|
153,572,282 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.2474146",
"MAG": "1608429819",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
The Canadian economy faces serious short-term macroeconomic challenges, the most important of which is addressing the burden of our slow-growth recovery. The sources and consequences of this slow growth are the focus of this Commentary. Canadian monetary policy has little ability to further stimulate Canadian growth. Given the large amount of uncertainty now faced by Canadian firms, further reductions in the policy interest rate are unlikely to be effective in stimulating aggregate demand. In addition, the ongoing problems associated with very low interest rates cannot be ignored and may soon present the Bank of Canada with a compelling case for rate increases. Canadian fiscal authorities have more room to manoeuvre than their counterparts in many other developed countries. Yet there remain solid arguments for budgets to be brought back to balance in the next few years. One is that discretionary fiscal policy is an ineffective pro-growth policy when the economy is not experiencing a sudden collapse of aggregate demand. Another is the longer-term budgetary challenges that Canadian governments will face over the next few decades as a result of population aging. Neither fiscal nor monetary policy is therefore likely to stimulate Canada’s economic growth over the next few years. This lack of stimulus from traditional macroeconomic policy suggests that any pick-up in Canadian growth will rely on a recovery of private demand. Given the lingering uncertainty and the continued slow pace of the global economic recovery, however, a significant rebound in Canadian private demand is unlikely in the near future. High household debt suggests that consumption is an improbable source of near-term growth. An investment revival will require a return of corporate confidence, while a rally in Canadian exports will depend on a strong and sustained foreign recovery. A central conclusion of this Commentary is therefore that Canadian policymakers should accept the continuation of Canada’s slow-growth recovery for the next few years. Slow growth has undesirable consequences, however, including longer unemployment spells, more part-time employment, and a greater incidence of long-term unemployment. Policymakers should focus on addressing the associated burden by enhancing income support for the unemployed, increasing the mobility of workers and improving incentives for labour-market training.
|
2022-10-17T14:48:06.276Z
|
29,190,365 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/76.350774",
"MAG": "2063157348",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper describes hardware that has been built to compress video in real time using full-search vector quantization (VQ). This architecture implements a differential-vector-quantization (DVQ) algorithm and features a special-purpose digital associative memory, the VAMPIRE chip, which has been fabricated in 2 /spl mu/m CMOS. We describe the DVQ algorithm, its adaptations for sampled NTSC composite-color video, and details of its hardware implementation. We conclude by presenting both numerical results and images drawn from real-time operation of the DVQ hardware. >
|
2022-12-10T21:14:44.999Z
|
7,807,956 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1108/BPMJ-02-2017-0029",
"MAG": "2619258159",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Purpose
This study compares responses of physicians and nurses to patient safety culture assessment in the Security Forces Hospital Program Makkah, Saudi Arabia, using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) survey tool and its referenced benchmarking tool. The purpose of this paper is to measure patient safety culture to improve its perception, reaction, and implementation, leading to improvement in care delivery.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses convenience sampling, delivering paper copies. The completed surveys were collected by a designated hospital contact person in QPSD. The total population surveyed was 623: 336 nurses, 174 physicians, 9 pharmacists, and 104 technicians.
Findings
Composite-level results compared to AHRQ database hospitals show values below minimum positive in “Staffing” and “Non-Punitive response to error” to have decreased values in nursing answers than physician ones. The average percentage positive concerning “staffing” items is below the average percentage positive of database hospitals; in nursing, it decreases more; it shows a low positive response regarding enough staff, work hours, and crisis mode; the last item shows a more negative response. The average percentage positive concerning “No punitive Response to Error” is below average positive of database hospitals; in nursing, it decreases more, with a low positive response concerning feeling responsible for mistakes.
Originality/value
The approach explained in this paper aims to measure patient safety culture, which can be improved through mentioned recommendations.
|
2022-12-15T18:15:00.226Z
|
14,925,559 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2312/EGVE/EGVE04/091-098",
"MAG": "1509076074",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Three-dimensional objects in many applications domains, such as architecture and construction, can be extremely complex and can consist of a large number of components. However, many of these complex objects also contain a great deal of repetition. Therefore, cloning techniques, which generate multiple spatially distributed copies of an object to form a repeated pattern, can be used to model these objects more efficiently. Such techniques are important and useful in desktop three-dimensional modeling systems, but we are not aware of any cloning techniques designed for immersive virtual environments (VEs). In this paper, we present an initial effort toward the design and development of such interfaces. We define the design space of the cloning task, and present five novel VE interfaces for cloning, then articulate the design rationale. We have also performed a usability study intended to elicit subjective responses with regard to affordances, feedback, attention, perceived usefulness, ease of use, and ease of learning in these interfaces. The study resulted in four major conclusions. First, slider widgets are better suited for discrete than for continuous numeric input. Second, the attentional requirements of the interface increase with increased degrees-of-freedom associated with widgets. Third, users prefer constrained widget movement, although more degrees-of-freedom allow more efficient parameter setting. Finally, appropriate feedback can reduce the cognitive load. The lessons we learned will influence our continuing design of cloning techniques, and these techniques will ultimately be applied to VE applications for design, construction, and prototyping.
|
2022-12-17T05:08:54.433Z
|
167,900,543 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0273475307306890",
"MAG": "2027941843",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This article describes an interdisciplinary, experiential learning project that combined marketing and communications courses at a state university. Two professors from different colleges partnered with a domestic violence center to enable students to create a community-based social marketing campaign. Student assessments indicated success in achieving educational objectives and practical knowledge. The resulting multimedia campaign was well received throughout the state and illustrates opportunities for developing interdisciplinary knowledge and teaching in business and communication studies.
|
2022-12-17T11:39:18.092Z
|
53,742,046 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3233/JAD-180367",
"MAG": "2901797051",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Waste clearance from the brain parenchyma occurs along perivascular pathways. Enlargement of the perivascular space (ePVS) is associated with pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the mechanisms and implications of this dilation are unclear. Fluid exchange along the cerebral vasculature is dependent on the perivascular astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and loss of perivascular AQP4 localization is found in AD. We directly measured ePVS in postmortem samples of pathologically characterized tissue from participants who were cognitively intact or had AD or mixed dementia (vascular lesions with AD). We found that both AD and mixed dementia groups had significantly increased ePVS compared to cognitively intact subjects. In addition, we found increased global AQP4 expression of the AD group over both control and mixed dementia groups and a qualitative reduction in perivascular localization of AQP4 in the AD group. Among these cases, increasing ePVS burden was associated with the presence of tau and amyloid-β pathology. These findings are consistent with the existing evidence of ePVS in AD and provide novel information regarding differences in AD and vascular dementia and the potential role of astroglial pathology in ePVS.
|
2022-12-18T10:09:05.729Z
|
41,996,954 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/eep/dvv008",
"MAG": "2288140704",
"PubMedCentral": "4760696"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://academic.oup.com/eep/article-pdf/2/1/dvv008/23746943/dvv008.pdf"
}
|
Abstract Preterm birth is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality and a potential risk factor for adult chronic disease. With over 15 million infants born preterm worldwide each year, preterm birth poses a global health concern. There is a possible association between air pollution and preterm birth, though studies have been inconsistent, likely due to variation in study design. How air pollution induces health effects is uncertain; however, studies have repeatedly demonstrated the effects of air pollution on epigenetic modifications. More recent evidence suggests that epigenetics may, in turn, be linked to preterm birth. Discovery of environmentally modifiable epigenetic processes connected to preterm birth may help to identify women at risk of preterm birth, and ultimately lead to development of new preterm birth prevention measures.
|
2022-12-19T19:44:37.888Z
|
57,191,259 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/RTUWO.2018.8587873",
"MAG": "2907223552",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper presents a new perspective for designing the dedicated path protection in transparent wavelength division multiplexing-based optical networks by making use of the photonic XOR network coding. The use of network coding technique to mix all-optically protection flows of two demands in supportive conditions while leaving their working signals intact is proposed to achieve the advantage of near-instantaneous recovery as with the traditional dedicated protection, though, at a greater capacity efficiency. We then provide a framework based on integer linear programming formulation to optimally redesign the dedicated path protection considering both network-side and client-side schemes in combination with the proposal of utilizing XOR network coding. Numerical evaluations on a realistic network topology, COST239, and all-to-one traffic setting showcase the great promise of our proposal in improving the wavelength resources efficiency with a saving of up to 25% compared to the traditional counterparts and reveal that the client-side scheme would be more beneficial from applying XOR network coding than the network-side implementation.
|
2022-12-22T01:50:29.526Z
|
46,585,830 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3109/07388551.2014.961003",
"MAG": "2131758253",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Shikonins are commercially important secondary compounds, known for array of biological activities such as antimicrobial, insecticidal, antitumor, antioxidants, etc. These compounds are usually colored and therefore have application in food, textiles and cosmetics. Shikonin and its derivatives, which are commercially most important of the naphthoquinone pigments, are distributed among members of the family Boraginaceae. These include different species of Lithospermum, Arnebia, Alkanna, Anchusa, Echium and Onosma. The growing demand for plant-based natural products has made this group of compounds one of the enthralling targets for their in vitro production. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent progress in production of shikonins by various biotechnological means. Different methods of increasing the levels of shikonins in plant cells such as selection of cell lines, optimization of culture conditions, elicitation, in situ product removal, genetic transformation and metabolic engineering are discussed. The experience of different researchers working worldwide on this aspect is also considered. Further, to meet market demand, the needs for continuous and reliable production systems, as well as future prospects, are included.
|
2022-12-26T20:31:05.531Z
|
104,332,401 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/ACSCATAL.8B04103",
"MAG": "2914976120",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The electrooxidation of urea continues to attract considerable interest as an alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as the anodic reaction in the electrochemical generation of hydrogen due to the lower potential required to drive the reaction and the abundance of urea available in waste streams. Herein, we investigate the effect of Sr substitution in a series of La2–xSrxNiO4+δ Ruddlesden–Popper catalysts on the electrooxidations of urea, methanol, and ethanol and conclude that activities toward the urea oxidation reaction increase with increasing Ni oxidation state. The 75% Sr-substituted La0.5Sr1.5NiO4+δ catalyst exhibits a mass activity of 588 mA mgox–1 and 7.85 A mg–1 cmox–2 for the electrooxidation of urea in 1 M KOH containing 0.33 M urea, demonstrating the potential applications of Ni-based Ruddlesden–Popper materials for direct urea fuel cells and low-cost hydrogen production. Additionally, we find the same correlations between Ni oxidation state and activities for the electrooxidation...
|
2022-12-29T17:25:20.127Z
|
86,855,827 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/18811248.1974.9730713",
"MAG": "2027634767",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/18811248.1974.9730713?needAccess=true"
}
|
A new method is proposed for estimating the amount of exposure to γ-rays sustained by victims involved in a radiation accident. The concept is to use as measure of exposure the quantity of free radicals generated in organic materials by irradiation, and to determine this quantity through its relation to the electron spin resonance shown by substance containing such radicals. Applying this method, a minimum exposure of about 100 R could be estimated with measurements at room temperature. The monitor substances taken up for the present series of experiments included nails and hair taken from exposed persons, plastic button, polyethylene powder, lucite, paper and wool. The experiments were aimed at determining the sensitivity, the fading with lapse of storage time after irradiation and the effects of differences in conditions of storage such as temperature, illumination, and washing before measurement. The method thus developed should prove useful for estimating the extent of exposure, to serve in deciding t...
|
2022-02-10T22:01:45.293Z
|
123,607,616 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/2944.401209",
"MAG": "2110266072",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this paper, non-Markovian optical gain of a semiconductor laser is derived from recently developed time convolutionless (TCL) quantum kinetic equations for electron-hole pairs, including the many body effects. Plasma screening and excitonic effects are taken into account using an effective Hamiltonian in the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. To calculate the optical gain, equation of motion for the interband pair amplitude is integrated directly. It is shown that the line shape of optical gain spectra is Gaussian for the simplest, non-Markovian quantum kinetics, and the optical gain is enhanced by the excitonic effects caused by the attractive electron-hole Coulomb interaction and the interference effects (renormalized memory effects) between the external driving field and the stochastic reservoir of the system. Enhancement of optical gain by the memory effects suggests the violation of strict energy conservation on a very short time scale, as compared with the correlation time of the system governed by non-Markovian quantum kinetics. >
|
2022-09-08T20:31:59.095Z
|
129,948,614 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2004)9:1(64)",
"MAG": "2261658055",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Storage coefficient and transmissivity are important and useful parameters for assessing the groundwater potential of an aquifer. For a suddenly uncapped artesian well the drawdown remains fairly constant, whereas the discharge continuously decreases. In 1952, Jacob and Lohman expressed the discharge of such a well in the form of a well function. Considering the type of curve of the tabulated well function makes it possible to estimate the aquifer parameters. However, the matching technique leaves ample scope for error of judgment. In this note, an algebraic function valid in the full range of the argument has been developed. Using this function, it is possible to estimate the aquifer parameters numerically using error minimization. It is shown that the parameter estimates using the present algebraic approximation lead to a better matching between the computed and observed discharges.
|
2022-12-12T23:16:06.830Z
|
216,409,113 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00260.s001",
"MAG": "3009330619",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Nonthermalized_Precursor-Mediated_Dissociative_Chemisorption_at_High_Catalysis_Temperatures/11940921/1/files/21922665.pdf"
}
|
Quasiclassical trajectory calculations
and vibrational-state-selected
beam-surface measurements of CH4 chemisorption on Ir(111)
reveal a nonthermal, hot-molecule mechanism for C–H bond activation.
Low-energy vibrationally excited molecules become trapped in the physisorption
well and react before vibrational and translational energies accommodate
the surface. The reaction probability is strongly surface-temperature-dependent
and arises from the pivotal role of Ir atom thermal motion. In reactive
trajectories, the mean outward Ir atom displacement largely exceeds
that of the transition-state geometry obtained through a full geometry
optimization. The study also highlights a new way for (temporary)
surface defects to impact high-temperature heterogeneous catalytic
reactivity. Instead of reactants diffusing to and competing for geometrically
localized lower barrier sites, transient, thermally activated surface
atom displacements deliver low-barrier surface reaction geometries
to the physisorbed reactants.
|
2022-06-04T14:48:25.156Z
|
112,537,363 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1108/JMTM-11-2015-0093",
"MAG": "2337217320",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Purpose – An agile supply chain (ASC) includes companies that are operationally linked to each other, such as supply, design, manufacturing and distribution centers that respond and react quickly and effectively to change markets. Information systems and technology have a main role in achieving this objective. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between information integration, information infrastructure flexibility and the ASC in the Iranian power plant industry (IPPI). Design/methodology/approach – The quantitative method was employed in this study. Survey questionnaires were sent to 87 managers in the IPPI to examine the relationship between information integration, information infrastructure flexibility, and the ASC. Findings – The final results indicated that information sharing and responsibility were strongly related with the ASC; accessibility and connectivity had important relations with the ASC; while the relationships between compatibility and adaptableness as IT...
|
2022-12-27T22:54:17.174Z
|
54,709,193 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0405020",
"MAG": "2184005941",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Biomineralization is an important and ubiquitous process resulting in biominerals, produced by a range of taxa, from bacteria and to eukarya. Calcium carbonate precipitation was reported in many bacterial species, both in vivo and in vitro conditions which is influenced by various abiotic factors and could transform soluble organic nutrients into insoluble inorganic calcite crystals. Biologically controlled mineralization (BCM) of calcium carbonate involves a remarkable control in size, morphology and phase selection, resulting in complex hierarchical organic- inorganic structures with unusual physicochemical properties. The calcium carbonate thus secreted can be used in various applications and as an additive admixture in building materials. In this study calcareous bacteria were isolated from marine sediments, which were able to produce calcium carbonate crystals by utilizing organic and inorganic nitrogen source indicating the nitrogen and ureolytic cycle as their basic metabolic pathway. Characterisation studies were performed and the most efficient isolate was obtained.
|
2022-02-11T20:45:16.077Z
|
26,112,469 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7534/j.issn.1009-2137.2013.02.007",
"MAG": "2375884068",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The aim of this study was to detect the expression level of eIF4E gene in patients with non-treated, remission and non-remission/relapse acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and other non-malignant haematologic diseases so as to analyze and reveal the relationship of eIF4E gene expression with AML progression. SYBR Green I RT-PCR was used to assay the expression level of eIF4E mRNA extracted from bone marrow mononuclear cells in 30 patients with AML (6 in M2, 5 in M3, 8 in M4, 10 in M5, 1 in M6) and 20 patients with non-malignant hematologic diseases. The β2-microglubin(β2M) was used as internal reference and the formula 2(-ΔCt)×100% was applied to calculate the expression level of eIF4E gene. The results showed that the eIF4E expression level (7.098 ± 5.544)% in patients with non-treated and non-remitted/relapsed AML was significantly higher than that in patients with remission (0.964 ± 0.312)% (P < 0.01) and non-malignant hematologic diseases (0.248 ± 0.163)% (P < 0.01). There was no difference between latter two group patients, even though the expression level of eIF4E gene in patients with M4 and M5 was higher. As compared with non-malignant hematologic diseases, the expression level of eIF4E gene of patients with remission patients showed no significant difference. It is concluded that the over-expression of eIF4E gene has been found in patients with AML, and its level obviously decreases along with remission of disease, thus the eIF4E gene may be a surveillance parameter for disease progression.
|
2022-05-05T15:55:48.584Z
|
93,626,551 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1246/CL.2006.84",
"MAG": "1975668380",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
One new building block of tigogenyl glycoside with orthogonal protective groups has been efficiently synthesized. Using the building block as the key synthon, a small library of saponins with branc...
|
2022-09-12T11:47:10.899Z
|
238,708,822 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5020/2317-2150.2021.12838",
"MAG": "3195891229",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://periodicos.unifor.br/rpen/article/download/12838/pdf"
}
|
En el Peru, la mala practica profesional del abogado es pasible de ser sancionada por diferentes organos del Estado, entre estos, el Tribunal Constitucional. Toda vez que no existe una regulacion del procedimiento que los magistrados de dicha corte deban seguir para sancionar a los abogados, el presente texto analiza una serie de resoluciones de este organo jurisdiccional a traves de las cuales se sanciono a dichos profesionales con el fin de hallar puntos comunes. Asi, tras resenar las resoluciones seleccionadas se realiza el analisis mencionado para (i) determinar la base normativa sobre la cual se sanciona a los abogados; (ii) identificar los criterios que este organo jurisdiccional utiliza actualmente para sancionar las faltas cometidas por dichos profesionales; e, (iii) identificar posibles falencias del procedimiento, entre las que destaca la posible inobservancia de garantias procesales tales como la del non bis in idem. Asimismo, al final del texto se plantean algunas recomendaciones en relacion con las falencias halladas.
|
2022-11-18T00:31:23.454Z
|
206,099,845 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1741-2560/5/3/005",
"MAG": "2057182654",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10397/9453"
}
|
Whether afferent feedback contributes to the generation of cortico-muscular coherence (CMCoh) remains an open question. In the present study, a multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) model and partial directed coherence (PDC) were applied to investigate the causal influences between the central rhythm and electromyographic (EMG) signals in the process of CMCoh. The system modeling included activities from the contralateral and ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex (M1/S1), supplementary motor area (SMA) and the time series from extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles. The results showed that afferent sensory feedback could also play an important role for the generation of CMCoh. Meanwhile, significant coherence between the EMG signals and the activities in the SMA was found in two subjects out of five. Connectivity analysis revealed a significant descending information flow which possibly reflected direct recruitment on the motoneurons from the SMA to facilitate motor control.
|
2022-12-14T15:50:28.665Z
|
213,873,002 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1101/2020.01.28.922591",
"MAG": "3002521840",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba8381"
}
|
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is crucial for modulating the protein composition of a cell’s plasma membrane. Clathrin forms a cage-like, polyhedral outer scaffold around a vesicle, to which cargo-selecting clathrin adaptors are attached. AP2 is the key adaptor in CME. Crystallography has shown AP2 to adopt a range of conformations. Here we used cryo-electron microscopy, tomography and subtomogram averaging to determine structures, interactions and arrangements of clathrin and AP2 at the key steps of coat assembly, from AP2 in solution to membrane-assembled clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). AP2 binds cargo and PtdIns(4,5)P2-containing membranes via multiple interfaces, undergoing conformational rearrangement from its cytosolic state. The binding mode of AP2 β2-appendage into the clathrin lattice in CCVs and buds implies how the adaptor structurally modulates coat curvature and coat disassembly.
|
2022-12-23T19:24:08.145Z
|
17,432,668 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/SENSORCOMM.2009.8",
"MAG": "2156468209",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Wireless link quality evaluation plays an important role in the design of upper layer protocols for wireless sensor networks applications. The packets reception ratio is a typical way of the evaluation; however, it needs a larger number of hello packets. This paper firstly investigates the existing typical link evaluation metrics in wireless sensor networks based on the platform of MicaZ which is developed by Crossbow Company, then takes link quality indication as the evaluation metric to experimentally study the characteristics of wireless link. According to the statistic analysis of large amount of sampling values, a link evaluation model based on gauss distribution is brought forward and it is validated by some tests, the result shows that, link quality indication based evaluation model can evaluate the link’s quality correctly based on lower energy consumption. This research is expansible, therefore, the established link evaluation model can provide guidance for application, and also can provide valuable references for the simulation research of upper layer protocols.
|
2022-12-27T23:24:28.742Z
|
163,543,126 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0047244114541374k",
"MAG": "2318925774",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
individual writers and thinkers, such as Aragon, Malraux, Gide, Camus and Sartre. But the author also places this narrative on a broader canvas, sketching out a prehistory of the intellectual that returns us to the Enlightenment period. In Jurt’s hands, Voltaire emerges as a prototype of the figure of the modern intellectual, and the Affaire Calas, as it was subsequently known, as a precursor to Zola’s cause célèbre. The book proceeds in chronological order and traces out the shifts and struggles in the engagement of intellectuals brought about by national and international political conflicts (the First World War; the October Revolution; the rise of Fascism; the Occupation; decolonization; Mai ‘68; and so on). Such events tended to polarize the intellectual field; and if the history of the Left looms large, one of the virtues of the study is its even-handed attention to the political Right (for instance, Maurice Barrès and Action française). In the process, Jurt synthesizes a wide range of recent research on the history of the intellectual in France (studies by Christophe Charle, Michel Winock and Jean-François Sirinelli, among others), although the reader might consider the lack of engagement with Anglophone works on the subject (e.g. by Tony Judt, David Drake, Keith Reader) to be a conspicuous omission. The book’s distinct approach lies, above all, with Jurt’s foregrounding of the social and political conditions of intellectual engagement; and the study is firmly situated in the line of Bourdieu’s field theory. The subsequent emphasis on the development of different media as vehicles for intellectual intervention is illuminating, as is Jurt’s discussion of the intellectual conflicts that constellated around different publishers in the 1930s and 1940s. This accessible study, written in clear and precise prose, is primarily aimed at a German readership; and its comparative dimension is, first and foremost, centred on France and Germany. But for readers of German more broadly, Jurt provides an excellent overview of the history of the intellectual in France that would be a useful resource for undergraduates and researchers alike.
|
2022-02-08T21:11:27.449Z
|
144,296,265 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14706/JFLTAL152218",
"MAG": "2040355532",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This study aims to explore the relationship between English learning achievement and students’ perceived self-efficacy, and the possible factors of the students’ perceived self-efficacy. Some 370 first-year students at Naresuan University were randomly selected to fill in the questionnaires while grades representing students’ learning achievement were collected from the instructors.The collected data was analyzed by Pearson’s Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression.
The result of the study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between English learning achievement and students’ perceived self-efficacy. The factor related to students’ perceived self-efficacy was mainly from vicarious experience, which was somewhat contradictory to the findings ofearlier studies (Bandura, 1986; KiranS Lent, Brown et al., 1996; Luzzoet al., 1999; Pajares, Johnson &Usher, 2007) Hopefully, the result of this studycan be utilized to improve student performance in English learning through a better understanding self-efficacy and its related factors.
Keywords: Self-efficacy, English learning, Learning achievement
|
2022-06-05T23:21:42.619Z
|
219,852,905 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.28998/RPSS.V4I2.6940",
"MAG": "2976853590",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
O objetivo do estudo e resgatar desde as primeiras acoes no seculo XIX chegando a portaria 149 de 02 de Fevereiro de 2016 que aprova as diretrizes para vigilância, atencao e eliminacao da hanseniase como problema de saude publica no Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, que utiliza o metodo historico a investigacao de acontecimentos do passado e sua influencia na atualidade. Para o bom desenvolvimento do estudo foi organizado em tres categorias: Politicas Publicas e o surgimento dos primeiros leprosarios; Acoes de controle da hanseniase e implantacao do tratamento e Reconstrucao e descentralizacao das acoes de saude. A pesquisa nos mostra a evolucao da historia da hanseniase em varias vertentes, como o desenvolvimento da relacao do paciente com a sociedade, desde a exclusao pela sociedade e orgaos oficiais ate a necessidade de reintegra-lo com seguranca e dignidade a liberdade.
|
2022-06-14T09:14:06.222Z
|
2,332,261 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/emj.2009.077214",
"MAG": "2162714083",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The case history is presented of a healthy 25-year-old man who was admitted to hospital after two syncopal episodes caused by carbon monoxide poisoning after smoking narghile. Clinicians should be aware of this association when they evaluate syncope in the emergency department, especially in narghile users.
|
2022-09-12T08:07:20.398Z
|
214,675,562 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.56890/jpacd.v20i.37",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://jpacd.org/jpacd/article/download/37/24"
}
|
The objective of the present research was to evaluate the nutritive value and the fermentationcharacteristics of cactus pear silages and diets including them for growing lambs. There weretwo cactus pear silage types: one made from cladodes and the other combining cladodes andcactus pear fruit. Similarly, it was calculated the gas potential emission index (GPEI; dL lamb-1day-1). The four diets: control (with not silage, NSD), including corn silage (CSD), or cladodecactus pear silage (CCSD), or cladode-fruit cactus pear silage (CFSD) were iso-nitrogenous(15% CP) and iso-energetic (2.7 Mcal of ME kg-1 of dry matter) fulfilling the requirements forfinishing lambs. Eight commercial cross lambs (23±3.0 kg liveweight) were used, under a 4 x 4replicated Latin Square design. The results indicated that the CCSD and CFSD had 3% more(P<0.05) dry matter (DM) content than the CSD, but the later had more (P<0.05) protein (80 gkg-1) and greater digestibility (60%) than the CCSD and CFSD (50 g kg-1 and 50%). The dietswith CCSD and CFSD had more (P<0.05) crude protein (160 g kg-1) than the control and CSD(150 g kg-1 DM). The in vitro digestibility of the control diet was greater (P<0.05) than the otherdiets, although the DM voluntary intake, apparent digestibility, and the acid detergent fiber(ADF) were not different (P>0.05). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was greater (P<0.05) indiets including silages in comparison to the control diet. Lambs fed with control or CCSD dietshad a gas potential production of 350 and 370 L lamb-1 d-1, in comparison to 200 and 210 Llamb-1 d-1 from CSD and CFSD diets. It is concluded that the nutritive and in vitro fermentativequalities of the CCS and CFS were similar to CS, thus, their inclusion in diets for finishing lambscan be considered as a feeding alternative, and more importantly, CFS could mitigate theemission of greenhouse gases.
|
2022-10-07T15:57:00.357Z
|
11,866,068 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2147/JBM.S90078",
"MAG": "1433795917",
"PubMedCentral": "4567229"
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) encompasses numerous diverse conditions resulting in peripheral hypereosinophilia that cannot be explained by hypersensitivity, infection, or atopy and that is not associated with known systemic diseases with specific organ involvement. HES is often attributed to neoplastic or reactive causes, such as chronic eosinophilic leukemia, although a majority of cases remains unexplained and are considered idiopathic. Here, we review the current diagnosis and management of HES and present a unique case of profound hypereosinophilia associated with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia requiring intensive management. This case clearly illustrates the limitations of current knowledge with respect to hypereosinophilia syndrome as well as the challenges associated with its classification and management.
|
2022-11-11T08:04:45.609Z
|
252,708,034 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/fm.2022.35139.0",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.scielo.br/j/fm/a/Vv9DwPHN5pRcnLFgKVHbgbF/?lang=pt&format=pdf"
}
|
Resumo Introdução Considerada um dos distúrbios neurovas-culares mais comuns entre estudantes universitários, a cefaleia gera impacto na qualidade de vida. Além disso, o estresse e a fadiga podem desencadear e/ou intensificar as dores de cabeça. Objetivo Investigar a relação entre fadiga e estresse em estudantes universitários com cefaleia. Métodos Participaram 147 discentes, na faixa etária de 18 a 44 anos, independente do sexo, regularmente matriculados na Universidade de Fortaleza. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores e por instrumentos validados para o diagnóstico de cefaleia, sendo o impacto mensurado pelo HIT-6 ( Headache Impact Test ), a avaliação da fadiga por meio da Escala de gravidade da fadiga (EGF) e a qualidade de vida através do SF-36. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SPSS 20.0, utilizando-se o teste de qui-quadrado para analisar a associação entre as variáveis. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A queixa de dor de cabeça esteve presente em 70,7% da amostra (n = 104), sendo mais predominante a cefaleia secundária (63,5%, n = 66), no sexo feminino (79,8%, n = 83), com média de idade de 21,7 ± 4,0 anos. A intensidade moderada da dor de cabeça foi relatada por 60,6% (n = 63), destacando-se o impacto desta dor como muito grave em 68,3% (n = 71) dos participantes. Constatou-se que os estudantes com cefaleia apresentaram mais sintomas de estresse (30,5 ± 7,6; p < 0,004) e fadiga (4,0 ± 1,4; p < 0,040). Conclusão Encontrou-se um número expressivo de casos de cefaleia, principalmente no sexo feminino, relacionados a sintomas de estresse e fadiga, gerando impacto na qualidade de vida desses universitários.
|
2022-12-04T18:34:55.927Z
|
5,665,883 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3346/jkms.2009.24.6.1089",
"MAG": "2065804047",
"PubMedCentral": "2775857"
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2009.24.6.1089"
}
|
Lindera erythrocarpa Makino (Lauraceae) is used as a traditional medicine for analgesic, antidote, and antibacterial purposes and shows anti-tumor activity. We studied the effects of Lindera erythrocarpa on the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) channel, which appears of importance in favoring cancer progression in vivo and determining cardiac action potential duration. Application of MeOH extract of Lindera erythrocarpa showed a dose-dependent decrease in the amplitudes of the outward currents measured at the end of the pulse (IHERG) and the tail currents of HERG (Itail). When the BuOH fraction and H2O fraction of Lindera erythrocarpa were added to the perfusate, both IHERG and Itail were suppressed, while the hexane fraction, CHCl3 fraction, and EtOAc fraction did not inhibit either IHERG or Itail. The potential required for half-maximal activation caused by EtOAc fraction, BuOH fraction, and H2O fraction shifted significantly. The BuOH fraction and H2O fraction (100 µg/mL) decreased gmax by 59.6% and 52.9%, respectively. The H2O fraction- and BuOH fraction-induced blockades of Itail progressively decreased with increasing depolarization, showing the voltage-dependent block. Our findings suggest that Lindera erythrocarpa, a traditional medicine, blocks HERG channel, which could contribute to its anticancer and cardiac arrhythmogenic effect.
|
2022-12-10T22:28:03.034Z
|
186,861,848 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4000/crm.11460",
"MAG": "38916906",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://journals.openedition.org/crmh/pdf/11460"
}
|
La parution en 1548 de L’Histoire aethiopique de Heliodorus – premiere traduction francaise des Ethiopiques d’Heliodore, roman grec probablement compose vers le milieu du IVe siecle – marque une date importante dans l’histoire litteraire : non seulement dans la reception d’Heliodore, auquel le travail pionnier d’Amyot assurera une fortune durable jusqu’au XVIIe siecle ; mais aussi et surtout dans l’evolution du genre romanesque, le bref quoiqu’important Proesme du translateur apparaissant moi...
|
2022-12-30T00:12:06.590Z
|
53,517,109 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1029/2012GC004078",
"MAG": "2795480005",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper deals with the origin of enriched MORB independent from any hot spot activity. Indeed, MORB enrichment was readily attributed to a ridge/hot spot interaction and in absence of identified neighboring hot spot, to more questionable processes (e.g., incipient plume or plume activity residue). More recently, the existence of enriched MORB away from any identifiable hot spot was attributed to different origins (i.e., recycled oceanic crust and/or enriched mantle after subduction metasomatism). Within this frame, we present here a new set of geochemical analyses of major and trace elements and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes on samples collected by submersible on both intersections of the 15°20′N fracture zone with the spreading axis of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. This area is characterized by an increasing enrichment of the lava compositions from north to south through the fracture zone. Results show that the geochemical enrichment observed with a different intensity on both sides of the fracture zone is linked to the 14°N topographic and geochemical anomaly. Our modeling shows that both trace element and isotopic compositions are consistent with a binary mixing between the regional depleted MORB mantle source and a recycled OIB/seamount, as previously proposed to explain the observed enrichment at 14°N. This model can also account for other enriched MORB i.e., the 18°–20°S region of the Central Indian Ridge, illustrating that it does not represent an isolated and local process. On the basis of our results and on the DMM isotopic evolution, the age of the recycled OIB/seamount is estimated to be ∼250 Ma, suggesting a recycling within the upper mantle. Considering the huge number of ocean islands and seamounts upon the ocean floor, their recycling into the upper mantle is a plausible process to produce enriched MORB.
|
2022-12-30T01:02:59.061Z
|
15,340,726 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0269888911000117",
"MAG": "2059258782",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract In this paper, we analyze the special security requirements for software support in health care and the HealthAgents system in particular. Our security solution consists of a link-anonymized data scheme, a secure data transportation service, a secure data sharing and collection service, and a more advanced access control mechanism. The novel security service architecture, as part of the integrated system architecture, provides a secure health-care infrastructure for HealthAgents and can be easily adapted for other health-care applications.
|
2022-12-30T01:18:54.020Z
|
146,994,040 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2753/RES1060-93932801106",
"MAG": "2282197680",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A joint session of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences General Assembly, the Council of the Secondary General Education School, and the USSR Ministry of Education administrative board was convened in Moscow on May 15 and 16, 1984 to discuss the challenges that the education system faces in carrying out the decisions of the April 1984 Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee and the resolution entitled "The Fundamental Directions of General Education and Vocational School Reform" [Ob osnovykh napravleniiakh reformy obshcheobrazovatel ‘noi i professional’ noi shkoly], adopted at the first session of the USSR Supreme Soviet (eleventh convocation).
|
2022-01-27T08:52:35.122Z
|
198,785,949 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.15575/ADLIYA.V10I2.5152",
"MAG": "2955655108",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
AbstrakZakat disalurkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi dan produksi para mustahik, namun kesejahteraan umat dapat tercapai jika zakat didayagunakan untuk kebutuhan produktif. Pemberdayaan zakat di BAZNAS Kota Bandung dilakukan dengan cara menyalurkan dana zakat untuk kebutuhan yang bersifat konsumtif dan produktif. Pemberdayaan dana zakat untuk konsumtif disalurkan melalui berbagai bidang yaitu bidang kesehatan, pendidikan, sosial dakwah dan fuqara. Sedangkan pemberdayaan zakat produktif disalurkan melalui bidang ekonomi yang meliputi pemberian modal bergulir kepada mustahik dan pelatihan keterampilan. Strategi pemberdayaan dana zakat produktif di BAZNAS Kota Bandung dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu: 1) meningkatkan kuantitas jumlah dana yang diberikan dan mengurangi jumlah mustahik; 2) melakukan kerjasama dengan lembaga keuangan; dan 3) melakukan analisis kelayakan usaha sebelum pencairan dana. Pemberdayaan zakat yang dilakukan BAZNAS Kota Bandung termasuk ke dalam kategori pendayagunaan konsumtif tradisional, konsumtif kreatif dan produktif kreatif. Berdasarkan data penerimaan dan pengeluaran zakat dari tahun 2008 s.d. 2010, penggunaan zakat produktif masih relatif kecil dibandingkan untuk konsumtif. Alokasi dana untuk kegiatan yang bersifat konsumtif sebesar 83.3%. Sedangkan alokasi dana untuk kegiatan produktif hanya sebesar 16.7% saja. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kebijakan baru untuk meningkatkan proporsi pendayagunaan dana zakat produktif, sehingga hasilnya benar-benar sesuai dengan fungsi zakat yaitu meningkatkan perekonomian umat.
|
2022-03-25T00:52:44.828Z
|
86,897,532 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/MRM.0b013e32835736c1",
"MAG": "2327288216",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The Cryptococcus species complex is composed of two common pathogenic species, namely Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, which cause systemic infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Both species have a bipolar mating system, with mating type (MAT&agr;) being predominant in clinical and environmental isolates. On the basis of genetic variation, this species complex is divided into eight major genotypes, which show differences in epidemiology, biology, virulence and antifungal susceptibility. Within each major genotype, more diverse subgroups have been discovered and could be related to specific pathogenic attributes. This review will discuss the methods that have been developed in recent years to characterize the MATs, genotypes, varieties, species and serotypes established previously in this microorganism.
|
2022-08-20T00:37:55.191Z
|
234,109,889 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1757-899X/1031/1/012048",
"MAG": "3129749819",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Text classification requires previously extraction of features describing the text documents in the collection. Usually these features are based on the occurrence frequency of words, N-grams of words in documents, i.e. the vector space model for document representation is built. Feature selection allows to reduce redundancy in high-dimensional representation of text data, which can significantly improve text classification performance. In the present paper, research on feature selection methods is performed in terms of the accuracy and F-measure of text classification with different number of selected attributes (N-grams of words) for different classifiers and different datasets. The obtained results can be used to apply further pre-processing steps, which include modifying the vector space model in order to achieve its improvement in terms of the text classification.
|
2022-09-30T00:22:04.301Z
|
105,751,985 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.20944/PREPRINTS201811.0371.V1",
"MAG": "2900559878",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Biosynthesis of nanoparticles for delivery of therapeutic agents has introduced new opportunities in upgrading medical treatment. Plant extracts contains different capping and reducing agents naturally thus provided simpler and less expensive way to synthesize AgNPs. In present work, Citrus reticulata mediated stabilised AgNPs was synthesized. Optimum concentration of reactants was achieved by varying the amount of extracts (1-11 ml) and AgNO3 concentration (0.5-3 mM). Surface Plasmon peak of Citrus reticulata mediated AgNPs was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometer and functional groups of capping agents were examined by FTIR analysis. Surface Plasmon peaks of Citrus reticulata fresh peel, seed, and juice extracts were observed at 420 nm. But in dry peel extract, absorption peak of AgNPs appeared at 410 nm. Colour of different extracts was changed after the reduction of AgNO3 to AgNPs by reducing agents present in the extracts. FTIR analysis showed band peaks at 3316 cm-1 correspond to amide (N-H and O-H) stretching vibrations while alkanes peaks was observed at 1638 cm-1 which showed C=C stretching aromatic ring (flavonoids). Furthermore, Citrus reticulata fresh peel mediated AgNPs showed impressive stability up-to 112 days. In conclusion, Citrus reticulata fresh peel extract provided an excellent source of reducing agents for synthesizing stabilized AgNPs.
|
2022-11-25T00:20:43.339Z
|
241,368,727 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.35940/ijitee.a5198.119119",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.a5198.119119"
}
|
Teacher professionalism is the ability of teachers to perform basic tasks as educators. The teaching profession as educators faces challenges that require a new set of competencies and broader competencies. The development of science and technology has changed many things and in various fields are switching in digital technology. The study aimed to analyze the contribution of teacher’s digital competency to teacher’s professionalism at vocational high school. This study was ex-post facto research, and The data were collected using a questionnaire with the content validity testing used construct validity. The research subjects were 33 teachers from 3 vocational high schools in Sleman Regency. Samples were determined using proportional random sampling. Data analysis techniques used in this study are descriptive analysis techniques and regression methods. The result of this study showed that the digital competency and professionalism of teachers were in the high category. Teacher’s digital competency had a positive and significant contribution to teacher’s professionalism, with the value of contribution was 16,5%, while 83,5% was explained by the other variables that do not investigate.
|
2022-12-30T00:21:46.672Z
|
195,067,196 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/ons/opz116",
"MAG": "2950468371",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Vertebral artery (VA) injury during anterior cervical spine surgery has potentially devastating neurovascular consequences. Our video highlights the operative nuances of exposing and directly repairing the V2 segment of the VA from an anterior approach. A 67-year-old woman undergoing anterior cervical corpectomy at another hospital began briskly bleeding from a suspected VA injury. Upon emergency transfer of the patient to our facility, angiography confirmed a right VA pseudoaneurysm at the level of the C5 corpectomy. The decision was made to repair the VA directly, thus avoiding vessel sacrifice and stenting. The previous anterior exposure was reopened. The longus colli was mobilized laterally on the right side to expose the C4 and C6 anterior tubercles. A plane was developed in the transverse foramina from C4 to C6, and the foramina were unroofed anteriorly using a high-speed drill and Kerrison rongeurs. The injured segment of the VA was exposed, and the platelet plug over the injured VA was identified. The proximal and distal ends of the injured segment were temporarily clipped, and the platelet plug was removed, revealing a small, ovoid-shaped' full-thickness arterial wall defect. The VA injury was repaired with simple running 10-0 nylon sutures. Indocyanine green angiography confirmed rapid filling of the patent lumen. The corpectomy and anterior fixation were completed. The patient was placed on aspirin therapy postoperatively. The patient remained neurologically intact without neurovascular sequelae at the 1-yr follow-up. The patient consented to surgical treatment (Institutional Review Board review was not necessary). Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute.
|
2022-02-02T08:39:32.978Z
|
245,147,048 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/SmartGridComm51999.2021.9632334",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper considers the problem of recovering missing entries in a partially observed matrix from relatively few measurements (i.e., the so-called matrix completion problem) with the aim of increasing the presently limited observability of low-voltage distribution grids. To this end, the partially observed matrix is formed using scarce voltage magnitude measurements while accounting for their spatial information. Voltage readings are assumed to be collected from distribution utility sensors and/or geographically-distributed cable television network sensors located in immediate proximity to distribution grid nodes. A matrix completion approach built on the parameter-less singular value shrinkage technique is used to estimate voltage magnitudes at otherwise non-observable low-voltage nodes using a small number of single- or multiple-snapshot data. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a U.S.-style distribution test system from the synthetic SMART- DS data set under very low- to moderate-observability conditions.
|
2022-01-22T04:35:48.919Z
|
203,053,275 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/15377938.2019.1658143",
"MAG": "2971840412",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Although an intersectional approach has been taken by various social scientists to examine criminal justice issues, our literature review reveals that, to date, no studies have explored citizen perceptions of police from this perspective. As researchers, we challenge the convenience of using merely collective demographic measures; instead, we suggest that overlooking social class, gender, and race subgroup interactions masks important variations in patterns and etiological understandings of public attitudes toward the police. Using data obtained from citizens who had recent contact with police, we take an intersectional approach to examine the main and combined effects of gender, social class, and race on citizen perceptions of police. The main purpose of this study is to address a significant gap in literature.
|
2022-11-08T14:55:02.137Z
|
84,729,170 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.550-553.1066",
"MAG": "2011900523",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Paulownia that is widely distributed in china has the potential for fuel ethanol production because of its relative high cellulose and hemicellulose content and high growth rate. The dilute acid pretreatment hydrolysis process was optimized by developing a respond surface methodology to research the optimum condition of pretreatment. Cellulose conversion ratio and furfural concentration were conducted as the response results of the RSM. The optimal condition of pretreatment is the reaction temperature 145.5°C, the sulfuric acid concentration 1.14% and the residence time 39.3min, the highest cellulose conversion ratio 89.48% was achieved and furfural concentration was smaller than 1g/L. The chemical compositions of untreated paulownia were investigated and their structures were detected by SEM.
|
2022-09-15T15:35:15.549Z
|
78,521,403 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4103/0971-9962.193208",
"MAG": "2552856035",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-9962.193208"
}
|
Psychiatric disorders cause significant burden to individuals and society across the world, accounting for nearly 13% of the global burden of disease. Eighty percent of people with mental disorders now live in low and middle-income countries. With one million deaths per year, suicide is the major reason for years of life lost due to mental illness. Estimates suggest that the burden due to mental illness is likely to increase over next decade and appropriate interventions are need of the hour. We discuss this increasing burden as a consequence of (1) lack of resources, (2) low budget for mental health in lower and middle income countries, and (3) under-utilization of services and stigma attached to mental illnesses.
|
2022-12-08T16:48:05.807Z
|
219,284,605 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1039/d0cc02697b",
"MAG": "3031442858",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A regiospecific allyl-allyl coupling reaction between 1,3-dienes and allylboronates has been demonstrated under nickel catalysis. Salient features of this method include the earth-abundant metal catalyst, excellent regioselectivity and good functional group tolerance. Notably, even congested allyl substrates can also be applied to this protocol, thus allowing for the rapid preparation of a series of valuable 1,5-dienes.
|
2022-12-17T21:37:12.122Z
|
13,142,954 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1098-1101(1996)11:1<30::AID-JCA7>3.0.CO;2-C",
"MAG": "2085536824",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The purpose of this study is to determine whether immunoadsorption treatment using a dextran sulfate (DS) column can remove high‐avidity anti‐double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) antibody from the blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Before and after each immunoadsorption therapy routine, titers of the high‐avidity anti‐dsDNA antibody of 11 SLE patients were measured by using a newly developed assay kit to exclusively detect high avidity anti‐DNA antibody. Patients with active SLE showed significantly higher titers of high‐avidity antibody than did those with inactive SLE, and their titers were significantly reduced by immunoadsorption procedures. Removal of high‐avidity antibodies in vitro was also confirmed by mixing patients' sera and DS gel. Immunoadsorption therapy using DS columns is effective in the removal of high‐avidity anti‐dsDNA antibodies that are closely associated with pathogenicity in SLE. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
|
2022-09-08T21:20:25.034Z
|
916,169 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1001/JAMA.1949.82900400001007",
"MAG": "2035099209",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The early diagnosis of thrombosis of the deep veins of the legs is one of the most difficult, as well as most important diagnoses doctors have to make. The condition, frequently, is unsuspected until embolism occurs. This missed diagnosis may cause a serious or a fatal complication. While surgical or anticoagulant therapy, or a combination of the two, can reduce effectively these complications, the diagnosis must be made first. In a previous report on the diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis of the deep veins of the leg, I briefly mentioned the presence of three dilated veins over the tibia as an early sign. 1 Since then, this phenomenon has been observed so consistently that the term "sentinal" veins has been coined for it. I believe that these veins are the earliest objective sign of deep vein thrombosis and that attention should be directed to their presence so that effective therapy
|
2022-09-12T06:23:30.648Z
|
169,039,068 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1105/tpc.19.00420",
"MAG": "2947569759",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://www.plantcell.org/content/plantcell/31/7/1420.full.pdf"
}
|
Genome sequencing has become (relatively) cheap and easy, but assigning functions to the genes identified remains challenging—even in exhaustively studied species such as Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), where functions of ∼30% of genes remain unknown. Many of these genes likely have
|
2022-11-04T00:09:48.078Z
|
132,978,862 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/TASC.2019.2908277",
"MAG": "2933955940",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Offering extremely high energy-efficiency, the adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic family is considered a promising candidate as a future low-power technology for building high-performance computing systems. In this paper, we provide the design of M-word × N-bit dual-port register files as an essential component of an AQFP microprocessor. This design consists of one decoder for data writing, two multiplexers for read out, and an array of registers as storage elements. In order to reduce the design difficulties and improve the design robustness, we employed a top-down AQFP very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design flow to implement this register file. The proposed design flow is composed of high-level synthesis, a specialized AQFP interpreter, a genetic-algorithm-based routing approach, and hardware-description-language-based back-end verification. As a case study, we designed and fabricated an 8-to-1 4-bit multiplexer used as the component circuit of the designed register file. In low-speed test, we confirmed the correct operations across all channels of the multiplexer.
|
2022-10-25T03:43:37.407Z
|
12,300,816 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.HUMREP.A136122",
"MAG": "1840984513",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Intravaginal misoprostol has been shown to be effective for cervical priming before a surgically induced abortion. The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of oral misoprostol in cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration between the 6th and 12th weeks of pregnancy. The results showed that in nulliparous patients, the median cervical dilatation in the treatment group (7.8 mm) was significantly greater than that in the placebo group (3.7 mm). In multiparous patients, the difference was also statistically significant (9.8 versus 6.0 mm). The ease of dilatation, assessed subjectively by the operating surgeons, was significantly improved in the treatment group. There was also a significant reduction in the duration of the operation and in the mean blood loss in the treatment group. The side-effects encountered in the treatment group were mild and well accepted by the women. Oral misoprostol is an effective and safe method for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration in first trimester pregnancy.
|
2022-12-12T09:26:32.452Z
|
232,418,611 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/acscentsci.0c01651",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "8006174"
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8006174"
}
|
Asymmetric catalysis has been recognized as the most enabling strategy for accessing chiral molecules in enantioenriched forms. Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization is an emerging and dynamic research subject in asymmetric catalysis, which has received considerable attention in recent years. The direct transformations from readily available aromatic feedstocks to structurally diverse three-dimensional polycyclic molecules make catalytic asymmetric dearomatization reactions of broad interest for both organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. However, the inherent difficulty for the disruption of aromaticity demands a large energy input during the dearomatization process, which might be incompatible with the conditions generally required by asymmetric catalysis. In this Outlook, we will discuss representative strategies and examples of catalytic asymmetric dearomatization reactions of various aromatic compounds and try to convince readers that by overcoming the above obstacles, catalytic asymmetric dearomatization reactions could advance chemical sciences in many respects.
|
2022-12-24T17:21:16.065Z
|
71,649,483 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bmj.316.7149.1923",
"MAG": "1982321381",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Tobacco industry scientists have known since the 1950s that smoking causes cancer while the industry publicly denied the link, according to documents published this week by the anti-smoking pressure group ASH.
The first comprehensive analysis and summary of internal documents released by whistleblowers and through US litigation also shows that the industry has known since the 1960s that tobacco's crucial selling point is its addictive nature.
The report, with hundreds of extracts from previously unpublished papers, was released at a meeting of doctors and lawyers on tobacco litigation at the BMA on Thursday. …
|
2022-02-11T10:36:43.057Z
|
213,700,819 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00494.8",
"MAG": "2990306955",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The current study included isolation and identifecation of some types of dermatophytic fungi that causes Tinea capitis in the province of Basrah from the patients of the Basra General Hospital and a private clinic in the province. The results showed that the number of positive samples of the culture was 110 samples and 61.11% as cases of Tinea capitis, as the number of male infected 78 samples and 70.90%, while the number of female infected was 32 and 29.09%, and found that the age group 6–10 years is Were more infection to develop tinea capitis and 47.27%,. The dermatophytes that causing tinea capitis were diagnosed using a number of diagnostic tests. Microsporumcanis was found to be more frequent by percentage 49.09%,
|
2022-02-08T02:42:17.823Z
|
39,118,571 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/APCCAS.2002.1114927",
"MAG": "1541037973",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Given a pin-grid-array (PGA) package with an area-array of I/O pins and some devices (blocks) distributed on a printed-circuit board (PCB), an algorithm is presented in this paper to find a pin assignment solution which eases the routing in the PGA package and then improves the nets routability of the PCB. In the algorithm the routing costs of the PGA package and PCB have to be calculated separately during pin assignment. A simulated annealing technique is also applied to improve the solution by exchanging the pin assignment for some chosen nets in the PGA package. Simulation results on various PCB circuits show that PCB routings produced with pin assignment under consideration can be achieved far better than the routings without pin assignment.
|
2022-09-10T20:24:26.900Z
|
95,084,215 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1139/V72-593",
"MAG": "2017151842",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The coupling constant for the fusion hydrogens of a bicyclo[4.2.0]octane ring system has been found using the shift reagent Eu(fod)3.
|
2022-10-07T00:10:50.235Z
|
618,477 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.2087882",
"MAG": "2120665027",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We construct a mathematical model to explore why digitization of employee recruiting process so far has not resulted in employers reporting hiring better candidates faster. We model multidimensional impact of Internet technology with increases in the total number of applications, in the rate at which applications arrive, and in departure rates of applicants. We also assume that technology leads to a stochastic decrease in the quality of the applicants. We then model a firm's recruiting process and investigate analytically and numerically the expected outcome. We show that the decrease in quality can be the dominant effect resulting in poorer outcome.
|
2022-12-13T17:04:09.383Z
|
4,215,350 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1053/SNEP.2002.35666",
"MAG": "2172174628",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The identification of natriuretic peptides as key regulators of natriuresis and vasodilatation, and the appreciation that their secretion is under the control of cardiac hemodynamic and neurohumoral factors, has caused wide interest. The natriuretic peptides are structurally similar, but genetically distinct peptides that have diverse actions on cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine homeostasis. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are of myocardial cell origin, while cardiac natriuretic peptide (CNP) is of endothelial origin. ANP and BNP bind to the natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A) which, via 3' 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), mediates natriuresis, vasodialation, renin inhibition, and antimitogenic properties. CNP lacks natriuretic action but possesses vasodilating and growth inhibiting effects via the guanyl cyclase linked natriuretic peptide-B (NPR-B) receptor. All three peptides are cleared by natriuretic peptide-C receptor (NPR-C) and degraded by neutral endopeptidase, both of which are widely expressed in kidney, lung, and vascular wall. Recently, a fourth member of the natriuretic peptide, dendroaspsis natriuretic peptide (DNP) has been reported to be present in human plasma and atrial myocardium.
|
2022-12-15T06:29:13.346Z
|
44,721,917 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/156482651003100112",
"MAG": "2328741889",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Vitamin A deficiency in Central America was first identified as a public health problem in the 1950s. It affected primarily children. The main underlying cause was a deficient intake of pre-formed vitamin A, but infection and intestinal parasitism also played important roles. INCAP focused its efforts on overcoming this problem and developed, as a short-term solution, the technology to fortify sugar with vitamin A. Fortification programs were implemented in several Central American countries. Evaluation of these programs revealed a significant impact—not only on vitamin A status, but also on iron nutrition and hematological condition. Longer-term solutions, like increasing the availability and consumption of vitamin A-rich foods, were later suggested and operational tools were developed to assist the countries in the region in the implementation, evaluation and monitoring of their own fortification programs.
|
2022-12-21T00:39:26.822Z
|
22,624,604 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3171/JNS.1995.83.2.0237",
"MAG": "1991086322",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Cavernous malformations that are associated with seizures are often treated by surgical resection consisting of lesion removal, "lesionectomy," alone. Through retrospective analysis the authors have examined some factors that may predict failure to eradicate seizures by such a procedure. A group of 51 patients were examined who had been treated for supratentorial cavernous malformations with preoperative seizures and received postoperative follow up lasting at least 1 year. There was one mortality in the group. Of the remaining 50 patients, 15 (30%) had continued postoperative seizures despite therapeutic levels of antiepileptic medications. Variables that were significantly associated with continued seizures postoperatively included increasing duration of preoperative seizure history (p = 0.03), increasing number of preoperative seizures (p < 0.003), and female sex (p < 0.04). One hundred percent of patients with only one preoperative seizure or a seizure history lasting less than 2 months were seizure free following lesionectomy: approximately 75% to 80% of all patients with two to five seizures, or a seizure history lasting 2 to 12 months, were seizure free; and only 50% to 55% of those with more than five seizures or with preoperative seizure histories lasting more than 1 year were seizure free postoperatively. This investigation indicates that patients with shorter seizure histories and fewer preoperative seizures can be effectively treated by lesionectomy alone, whereas those with longer histories and more seizures are not effectively treated by this procedure and may require more extensive resections.
|
2022-12-21T09:54:59.556Z
|
242,513,686 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.12800/ccd.v15i43.1394",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://ccd.ucam.edu/index.php/revista/article/download/1394/468/4856"
}
|
The alteration in nerve conduction produced by MS leads to functional displacement. Specifically, this increase produces losses of muscle mass, bone mineral density (BMD) and power as well as an increase in fat mass. In general, physical exercise has shown improvements at the functional level, however, strength training seems to show the best results for these parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two power and hypertrophy training programs on BMD and potency in people with MS. Ten subjects with MS participated with a mean age of 56 years, of which eight were women and two men. The sample was divided into two groups randomly. Each group is assigned a training program randomly. BMD, power, strength and speed measurements were obtained before and after both training programs. Differences were found in the BMD variables in the hypertrophy training group (EH) and in the potency of the power training group (PE). No differences found between both groups were found for any of the other variables. Hypertrophy training reduces BMD and does not improve power, strength and speed. While power training improves potency and does not improve the body composition of this type of population.
|
2022-01-24T18:36:42.917Z
|
162,297,653 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1179/sic.2008.53.Supplement-1.22",
"MAG": "2071247471",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract The abandonment, neglect, poor planning or inadequate presentation of cultural heritage are common occurrences. In some cases, the only way to prevent destruction and abandonment is to undertake treatment specifically designed for public consumption, with the aim of recovering forgotten or undervalued heritage. Accepting this premise, in certain circumstances conservation treatment suggests technical solutions that are closer to restoration than conservation. This type of situation has occurred several times in the course of the activities of the Center for Archaeological Conservation, Rome, and has been approached as described below. The interventions were carried out in Israel in the Large Baths and Liscat Hamefaked in Masada, and in Radà, Yemen, in the Madrasa Amiriya. A case still in progress, the conservation of gigantic stone statues from the tenth century BC from Cabras, Sardinia, Italy, concludes the paper.
|
2022-02-08T21:47:18.998Z
|
137,188,921 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1115/IMECE2011-64914",
"MAG": "1992807864",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The effect of CO2 laser etching on the strength of soda lime plate glass has been investigated. The majority of common beverage glassware is comprised of soda lime glass. Laser etching is used to create patterns on such glassware for aesthetic reasons. Various etching conditions have been investigated in order to compare to the strength of un-etched glass. Three point bend tests were used to determine strength values. The resulting fracture strength of etched glass is based upon the flaws and resulting stress concentrations created during the laser ablation process. In addition to stress concentrations, the thermal history and residual thermal stresses play a role in the failure process. Samples were also cyclically washed to determine the effect of water and thermal cycling. Results were documented and compared via Weibull analysis. Nominal strength values were 114 MPA for unetched, 83 MPa for wash cycled, 43 MPa for etched, and 33 MPa for etched and wash cycled.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
|
2022-02-09T10:46:04.437Z
|
9,928,369 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/00006534-197505000-00087",
"MAG": "2409767642",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
AbstractThree cases of paraplegic patients with Bacteroides bccteremia from decubitus ulers are reported. Each patient was suspected of having another organism and another source of infection. Each patient was treated initially and unsuccessfully with antibiotics normally useful for aerobic gram-neg
|
2022-08-28T18:52:34.829Z
|
121,392,465 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0022112082000950",
"MAG": "2044927091",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
An investigation of the errors arising in pulsed-wire anemometer measurements of the Reynolds stresses in turbulent flows is described. Attention is concentrated first on a theoretical approach, in which an idealized yaw response and an assumed form for the joint velocity probability-density distribution are used to determine the errors in measurements of, principally, $\overline{uv}$ and $\overline{v^2}$ when the probe is used like an ordinary single slanted hot wire. Actual pulsed-wire measurements in a range of turbulent shear flows are then compared with crossed-hot-wire results and with the theoretically simulated pulsed-wire response obtained from calculations and the crossed-wire data. It is shown that whilst pulsed-wire measurements of lateral intensity and shear stress are inevitably rather unsatisfactory in regions of low intensity (less than 10%, say) they agree reasonably well with crossed-wire measurements in flows where the intensities are higher, but do not exceed those for which sensible corrections to cross-wire data are possible (up to, say, 30%). In this medium-intensity range, however, the pulsed-wire errors are found to be critically dependent on the finite limit of the pulsed wire's yaw response; it seems that acceptable measurements can only be made if this exceeds about 75°. Beyond an intensity of about 30% the errors in $\overline{v^2} $ measurements (which are usually much higher than those for $\overline{uv}$) become less dependent on the exact nature of the yaw response and invariably decrease with increasing intensity. They can, with care, be made as low as 15%. It is concluded that pulsed-wire measurements of the Reynolds stresses can be made with an accuracy similar to that of crossed-wire measurements in medium-intensity flows. Such measurements are certainly adequate for many practical purposes in high-intensity flows where hot-wire techniques are useless.
|
2022-09-13T05:32:14.074Z
|
10,900,108 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/HMG/DDI138",
"MAG": "2116578808",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability, and defects in this pathway cause cancer susceptibility. The FA proteins have been found to function primarily in a nuclear complex, although a cytoplasmic localization and function for several FA proteins has also been reported. In this study, we investigated the possibility that FANCA, FANCC and FANCG are subjected to active export out of the nucleus. After treatment with leptomycin B, a specific inhibitor of CRM1-mediated nuclear export, the accumulation of epitope-tagged FANCA in the nucleus increased, whereas FANCC was affected to a lesser extent and FANCG showed no response. CRM1-mediated export of FANCA was further confirmed using CRM1 cotransfection, which led to a dramatic relocalization of FANCA to the cytoplasm. Five functional leucine-rich nuclear export sequences (NESs) distributed throughout the FANCA sequence were identified and characterized using an in vivo export assay. Simultaneous inactivation of three of these NESs resulted in a discrete but reproducible increase of FANCA nuclear accumulation. However, these NES mutations did not affect the ability of FANCA to complement the mitomycin C or cisplatin sensitivity of FA-A lymphoblasts. Surprisingly, mutations in the other two NESs resulted in an almost complete relocation of the protein to cytoplasm, suggesting that these motifs overlap with domains that are crucial for nuclear import. Taken together, these findings indicate that FANCA can be actively exported out of the nucleus by CRM1, revealing a new mechanism to regulate the function of the FA protein complex.
|
2022-12-09T13:17:05.526Z
|
145,795,790 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1468-2273.2009.00436.X",
"MAG": "2080952243",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Complexity and demands within higher education are seen to be rising and one
response to this has been a movement towards the adoption of more formal
approaches to workload management. The objectives of these systems revolve
around improving equity in allocations and achieving a more efficient and
transparent use of resources.This article draws from the work of a partnership
of 12 diverse universities to illustrate, through case studies, a school-driven and
a centrally led development for managing workloads. This activity is then
explored through the concept of convergent and divergent activity occurring
progressively at different organisational levels, and around ideas about the
dynamic relationship between continuity and change that this will involve.We
suggest that although the initial focus of activity may seem important, ultimately
viable systems involve a negotiated balance between central and local
requirements.
|
2022-12-17T10:19:05.389Z
|
13,873,882 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7150/ijms.14475",
"MAG": "2401004606",
"PubMedCentral": "4893556"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.medsci.org/v13p0424.pdf"
}
|
The association between human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) and oral cancer has been widely reported. However, detecting anti-HPV antibodies in patient sera to determine risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been well studied. In the present investigation, a total of 206 OSCC serum samples from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database & Tissue Bank System, with 134 control serum samples, were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) to detect HPV16-specific IgG and IgM antibodies. In addition, nested PCR analysis using comprehensive consensus primers (PGMY09/11 and GP5+/6+) was used to confirm the presence of HPV. Furthermore, we have evaluated the association of various additional causal factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel quid chewing) in HPV-infected OSCC patients. Statistical analysis of the Malaysian population indicated that OSCC was more prevalent in female Indian patients that practices betel quid chewing. ELISA revealed that HPV16 IgG, which demonstrates past exposure, could be detected in 197 (95.6%) OSCC patients and HPV16-specific IgM was found in a total of 42 (20.4%) OSCC patients, indicating current exposure. Taken together, our study suggest that HPV infection may play a significant role in OSCC (OR: 13.6; 95% CI: 3.89-47.51) and HPV16-specific IgG and IgM antibodies could represent a significant indicator of risk factors in OSCC patients.
|
2022-07-28T00:31:44.257Z
|
250,351,152 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0022481200032151",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Adsiz, Adnan N., C.E., 4 Tezverendede Sok, Rumelihisari, Istanbul, Turkey Allen, Prof. Edwin Brown, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York Appleby, Prof. Mark, Embleton, Alnwich, Northumberland, England Barcan, Dr. Ruth C. (Mrs. Jules A. Marcus), % Dr. J. A. Marcus, Institute for Metals, Ellis Avenue, University of Chicago, Chicago 37, Illinois Bar-Hillel, Jehoshua, % Bernard Aschkenazy, 224 West 28th Street, New York 1, New York Baraett, Dene, 97a Victoria Street, Potts Point, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia Bausch, Augustus F., Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts Baylis, Prof. Charles A., Brown University, Providence 12, Rhode Island Bennett, Prof. Albert A., Brown University, Providence 12, Rhode Island Bentley, Arthur F., Paoli, Indiana Berkeley, Edmund C , 36 West 11th Street, New York 11, New York Bernstein, Prof. B. A., University of California, Berkeley 4, California Berry, Prof. George D. W., Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Beth, Prof. Dr. Evert W., Bern, Zweerskade 23 I, Amsterdam Z., The Netherlands Biser, Prof. Erwin, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey Black, Prof. Max, Goldwin Smith Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Blake, Dr. Archie, 223 North George Mason Drive, Arlington, Virginia Bliss, Prof. Gilbert A., University of Chicago, Chicago 37, Illinois Bochefiski, Rev. Prof. I. M., O.P. Albertinum, Fribourg, Switzerland Boehner, Rev. Philotheus, O.F.M., St. Bonaventure Monastery, St. Bona venture P.O., New York
|
2022-09-15T09:42:27.147Z
|
27,034,561 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/bmb.20168",
"MAG": "2040702774",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bmb.20168"
}
|
Terms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: Bacteriophage, E. coli, template, translation, density labeling, radioactive labeling, ribosomes, ribosomal fraction, ribosomal subunits, cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA).
|
2022-10-28T00:40:36.618Z
|
38,133,103 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1053/SMRV.2001.0156",
"MAG": "2121493737",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Iron is the most important transitional metal in the body, as it is implicated in many metabolic processes, mostly related to its capacity as an electron donor/acceptor. Iron deficiency has been long been known to cause anaemia, iron excess to cause haemochromatosis. As excess free iron can cause oxidative damage, it is important that the levels of iron in the body are tightly regulated which appears to be done only by digestive absorption, as there is no known regulating mechanism for elimination of iron. The amount of free iron is also kept to a minimum thanks to binding to transferrin for transport, and to ferritin for storage. Recent research has put emphasis on the possible role of excess iron in the brain in several degenerative diseases. Iron deficiency in the central nervous system is known to cause motor impairment and cognitive deficits; more recently, it has been suggested that it may play a role in the pathophysiology of the restless leg syndrome. 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd
|
2022-12-11T20:30:46.996Z
|
34,680,595 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826c60ea",
"MAG": "2042300641",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
PURPOSE
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic androgen-like compounds that are abused in sport communities despite their adverse effects. Nerve growth factor (NGF) influences neuronal differentiation and survival, and it also mediates higher brain functions such as learning and memory. Changes in NGF expression have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease. Hence, we decided to study the effect of chronic AAS exposure on brain NGF profile, NGF-dependent cholinergic function, and related behavioral performance.
METHODS
Male Wistar rats were injected for 4 wk with either nandrolone or stanozolol at daily doses (5.0 mg·kg(-1), s.c.) that are considered equivalent to those abused by humans. NGF levels and NGF receptor (TrkA and p75NTR) expression were measured in the hippocampus and in the basal forebrain. Choline acetyltransferase expression was evaluated in basal forebrain. Spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze.
RESULTS
AAS treatment caused region-specific changes in the expression of NGF and its receptors. Both nandrolone and stanozolol increased NGF levels in the hippocampus and reduced NGF levels in the basal forebrain, reduced p75NTR expression in the hippocampus, and failed to affect TrkA expression in the basal forebrain. Finally, AAS treatment reduced the expression of choline acetyltransferase in the basal forebrain and impaired the behavioral performance in the Morris water maze.
CONCLUSION
The evidence that supraphysiological doses of AAS cause neurotrophic unbalance and related behavioral disturbances raises the concern that AAS abuse in humans may affect mechanisms that lie at the core of neuronal plasticity.
|
2022-12-23T02:16:13.607Z
|
121,459,747 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/03461238.1976.10405612",
"MAG": "2041276363",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Bhattacharyya & Roussas (1969) proposed to estimate the functional Δ = ∫ −∞/∞ f 2(x)dx by , where is a kernel estimate of the probability density f(x). Schuster (1974) proposed, alternatively, to estimate Δ by , where F n (x) is the sample distribution function, and showed that the two estimates attain the same rate of strong convergence to Δ. In this note, two large sample properties of are presented, first strong convergence of to Δ is established under less assumptions than those of Schuster (1974), and second the asymptotic normality of established.
|
2022-12-27T17:36:04.341Z
|
245,852,744 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.46361/2449-2604.8.3.2021.52-63",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://iem.ge/ojs/index.php/journal/article/download/68/54"
}
|
ვოლოდიმირ შალიმოვი
ეკონომიკის დოქტორი, ასოცირებული პროფესორი,
ცენტრალური უკრაინის ეროვნული ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტი,
კროპივნიცკი, უკრაინა
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-8277
E-mail: v.shalimov@ukr.net
ტატიანა მელნიუკ
ეკონომიკის დოქტორი, ასოცირებული პროფესორი,
ცენტრალური უკრაინის ეროვნული ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტი,
კროპივნიცკი, უკრაინა
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1372-3585
e-mail: semenovichta@ukr.net
ვალერი რეშეტოვი
ეკონომიკის დოქტორი, ასოცირებული პროფესორი,
ცენტრალური უკრაინის ეროვნული ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტი,
კროპივნიცკი, უკრაინა
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9664-4764
e-mail: reshetov.audit@gmail.com
მოკლე აღწერა
კვლევის მიზანია უკრაინის საბიუჯეტო და საგადასახადო სისტემების პრინციპებში სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური და, პირველ რიგში, ინოვაციური განვითარების მიზნების გათვალისწინების არსებული პრაქტიკის ანალიზი და მისი გაუმჯობესების მიდგომების დასაბუთება.
დასაბუთებულია, რომ სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური და ინოვაციური განვითარების მიზნები სათანადოდ არ არის ასახული როგორც უკრაინის საბიუჯეტო სისტემის, ისე საგადასახადო სისტემის პრინციპებში (საგადასახადო კანონმდებლობის ძირითადი პრინციპები). დადგენილია, რომ სახელმწიფოს პირდაპირი და არაპირდაპირი ფინანსური მხარდაჭერა და გადასახადები, როგორც ფისკალური ინსტრუმენტები, ხელს შეუწყობს ეკონომიკური განვითარების სტიმულირებას, ინოვაციების სტიმულირებას და გააქტიურებას, მაგრამ ამგვარი სტიმულირების ფორმებისა და მეთოდების არჩევანი გამართლებული უნდა იყოს კონკრეტული მიზნების მიღწევის აუცილებლობის გათვალისწინებით.
შემოთავაზებულია ადგილობრივი დაბეგვრის სისტემის რეფორმირების მიმართულებები რეგიონში სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური და ინოვაციური განვითარების სტიმულირების კონტექსტში. დასაბუთებულია ადგილობრივი ხელისუფლების, ადგილობრივი თემების უფლებამოსილების გაფართოების აუცილებლობა ადგილობრივი გადასახადების და მოსაკრებლების ელემენტების დაწესებისთვის, ინვესტიციების და ინოვაციების საგადასახადო შეღავათებისა და სხვა სახის საგადასახადო შეღავათების შემუშავების მექანიზმის შემუშავების მიზნით, რომელიც გაზრდის ინოვაციას რეგიონში.
|
2022-01-27T03:44:45.583Z
|
219,427,193 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.13189/ujer.2020.080545",
"MAG": "3025327251",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://www.hrpub.org/download/20200430/UJER45-19515555.pdf"
}
|
Resilience capability is a part of elementary schools' student skill to create individual learning conformity. This study has four purposes: those are (1) to find problem dynamics in children short story, (2) to elaborate ethical values in children short stories, (3) to elaborate moral value in children short stories and (4) to find character education value in the short stories. The method that has been used in this study is cultural themes discovery. There are four results in this study: those are (1) resilience skills have characteristics to locate the trigger of the problem, (2) ability to anchor the problem, (3) ability to do strength analysis and (4) ability to do opportunity analysis. Thus, the resilience in facing the problems occurred in three eight circumstances, those are (1) self-conformity in learning process, (2) individuals' skills to adjust the topics, (3) self-adaptation process, (4) self-existence in the learning process, (5) self-actualization process, (6) self-acceptance, (7) cause and effect analysis and (8) problems interpretation. On the other hand, the learning process has to use metaphors to teach those skills in the classroom. The conclusion for this study is resilience is a part of psychological endurance in facing a problem. It is suggested for elementary schools' teachers to teach resilience and use children short stories.
|
2022-01-27T01:57:53.220Z
|
192,630,932 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4000/laboratoireitalien.603",
"MAG": "2275940771",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.4000/laboratoireitalien.603"
}
|
Il libro di Daniele Edigati e Lorenzo Tanzini va ad occupare un posto di rilievo nell’ampio panorama della letteratura sulla normativa statutaria. Si tratta di una approfondita ricerca, condotta su fonti manoscritte, che ha per oggetto la letteratura del commento allo statuto di Firenze dalla meta del xiv al xix secolo. Nella prefazione al volume, Mario Montorzi ricorda che la normativa fiorentina estese la sua influenza ben oltre la cerchia delle mura cittadine, fino ad assumere una funzione...
|
2022-02-08T08:46:10.452Z
|
164,572,303 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.30666/ELORE.79268",
"MAG": "2613035867",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Kirja-arvio teoksesta Jouhki, Jukka & Tytti Steel (toim.) 2016:
Etnologinen tulkinta ja analyysi. Kohti avoimempaa tutkimusprosessia.
Helsinki: Ethnos ry. 431 sivua.
|
2022-02-08T20:23:59.980Z
|
44,413,103 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.47339/ephj.2016.98",
"MAG": "2594881101",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://journals.bcit.ca/index.php/ehj/article/download/98/84"
}
|
Phthalates are a class of plasticizing chemicals used to improve the flexibility of soft plastics (1, 6, 12, 15). As such, they have drawn increased attention as food contact substances (1, 10, 14), mostly entering food items from packaging materials (1, 8, 10, 14). Even though they had been approved as indirect food additives in Europe and the U.S. (1), the discovery of high concentrations of di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), also known as bis 2-ethylhexyl phthalate (BEHP) (12, 15), in a probiotic food product by a scientist from Taiwan in April 2011 initiated the world’s greatest health safety efforts (7). Investigators found that DEHP, along with other phthalates, were deliberately added to food products in replacement of the approved food additives, which would normally be added to emulsify the components in the drinks to achieve a natural and appealing appearance (7, 12, 15). This contamination event has been known as the 2011 Taiwan Food Scandal, where processed food items such as sports drinks, concentrated juice beverages, tea drinks, jam or jelly and food supplements were adulterated with phthalates, a harmful class of chemical compounds. Consequently, ingestion of these harmful compounds may result in adverse health affects such as endocrine disruption, malformation of reproductive organs, infertility and abnormal neurodevelopment (12). Many products made it across the border to 22 different countries (15, 17) including Canada and U.S. (17). Since then, the Taiwanese government made improvements to the food industry regulations (15, 17). This study was aimed to determine if DEHP was present, and compared to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) DEHP tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.05 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day (12, 17), in 30 different drinks of imported and domestic brands sold in Canada. For comparison purposes, the author completed calculations based on the average adult (over 18 years old) body weight of 70 kg, according to EFSA (41). Using liquid/liquid extraction followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), 30 beverages were tested and analyzed for the presence of DEHP. Low concentrations of DEHP was detected in 3 of the beverages and none in the other 27 beverages tested on a calibrated instrument. The concentrations detected for the 3 beverages were lower than the TDI for a 70 kg body weight. Control samples were used to ensure method validity.
|
2022-02-12T01:26:41.694Z
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.