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186,206,823 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "1906.04867",
"DOI": "10.1063/1.5100737",
"MAG": "2952821536",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.04867"
}
|
Within the resistive magnetohydrodynamic model, high-Lundquist number reconnection layers are unstable to the plasmoid instability, leading to a turbulent evolution where the reconnection rate can be independent of the underlying resistivity. However, the physical relevance of these results remains questionable for many applications. First, the reconnection electric field is often well above the runaway limit, implying that collisional resistivity is invalid. Furthermore, both theory and simulations suggest that plasmoid formation may rapidly induce a transition to kinetic scales, due to the formation of thin current sheets. Here, this problem is studied for the first time using a first-principles kinetic simulation with a Fokker-Planck collision operator in 3D. The low-$\beta$ reconnecting current layer thins rapidly due to Joule heating before onset of the oblique plasmoid instability. Linear growth rates for standard ($k_y = 0$) tearing modes agree with semi-collisional boundary layer theory, but the angular spectrum of oblique ($|k_y|>0$) modes is significantly narrower than predicted. In the non-linear regime, flux-ropes formed by the instability undergo complex interactions as they are advected and rotated by the reconnection outflow jets, leading to a turbulent state with stochastic magnetic field. In a manner similar to previous 2D results, super-Dreicer fields induce a transition to kinetic reconnection in thin current layers that form between flux-ropes. These results may be testable within new laboratory experiments.
|
2022-12-30T00:56:34.700Z
|
130,411,434 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5821/sibb.v12i2.1708",
"MAG": "2188716447",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.5821/sibb.v12i2.1708"
}
|
The aim of this paper is to study the behaviour of the metatarsals in healthy individuals while walking uphill and downhill through the use of the podometric insole system Pdm 240. We have studied the walking temporal patterns and the pressures registered on the hindfoot and the forefoot, and, within the latter, on each of its metatarsal heads, during the stride and its phases, while the individuals walked on a treadmill at 3.5 Km/h on a 15% gradient. We found that the hindfoot bears more pressure while walking downhill whereas the forefoot bears it walking uphill. If we analyse each metatarsal separately we will see that the highest pressure values are registered when walking uphill. The location of these peaks varies according to the different phases within stance: while walking uphill, they are observed on the midstance phase, and while walking downhill, on that same phase (M1, M4 and M5) and on the forefoot contact phase (M2 and M3). During stance, M1 bears a bigger share of the pressure on a positive gradient, whereas M5 bear it on a negative gradient.
|
2022-02-09T14:12:53.651Z
|
131,782,260 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5204/thesis.eprints.100122",
"MAG": "2600871063",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://eprints.qut.edu.au/100122/4/Denise_Beaudequin_Thesis.pdf"
}
|
This project used a novel, probabilistic approach to overcome challenges of assessing health risks associated with recycled water. The thesis describes development of graphical statistical models combining key factors influencing risk of infection. The models were used to analyse exposure scenarios and risk management options for working or playing in public parks irrigated with recycled water and for consumption of recycled water-irrigated lettuce. Water managers can use the models interactively to vary exposure factors and assess outcomes of their decisions under different conditions.
|
2022-02-09T13:45:50.355Z
|
59,524,998 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/INDUSCON.2018.8627188",
"MAG": "2912435082",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Electric power systems, especially after the advent of smart grids, require intelligent voltage and current meters devoted to energy billing, control, protection and quality monitoring. Novel Optical Voltage Sensors (OVS) schemes have been researched to address different electricity industrial applications. In this work, a case insulator bushing (CIB) was developed to pack an electro-optical crystal-based OVS, employing lithium niobate, for the voltage class of 13.8 kV and applied to protection and energy quality monitoring. The design and implementation of this CIB, provided with high isolation and the appropriate internal flexibility to meet the dimensional tolerances of the electro-optical sensor, was produced with Polylactic Acid (PLA) by using a 3D printer.
|
2022-02-11T16:15:51.407Z
|
24,756,236 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/J.0022-0337.2009.73.3.TB04706.X",
"MAG": "2203573303",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The primary goal of this study was to examine the criteria that influence rankings of candidates by advanced education program directors in pediatric dentistry. Secondary objectives were to obtain information on the resident selection process and to explore demographics of current program directors. A survey was sent in 2005 to all sixty-three program directors of pediatric dentistry residency programs accredited within the United States for the graduating class of 2007. The survey had a response rate of almost 78 percent (49/63). Respondents were requested to rank the importance of eleven factors that are typically included in the selection criteria for pediatric dentistry residents. Factors were rated on a scale of critical, very important, fairly important, somewhat important, and not important. The four highest ranked criteria by program directors were the following, in order: National Board scores, dental school clinical grades, class rank, and grade point average (GPA). Other factors ranked in descending order of perceived importance were the following: dental school basic science grades, experience in pediatric dentistry, extracurricular activities, completion of a general practice residency or advanced education in general dentistry program, the application essay, a publication or professional presentation, and private practice experience. All directors ranked personal interviews as very important to critical. Letters of recommendation from a pediatric dentistry department chairperson or faculty member were viewed more favorably than letters from dental school deans and non-pediatric dentistry faculty. Fifty-seven percent of the directors responding (28/49) were male, and 81 percent (40/49) were white, non-Hispanic. Fifty-nine percent of the directors (29/49) graduated from a residency program over twenty years ago, with 39 percent (19/49) having been a director for less than five years.
|
2022-08-20T13:20:56.406Z
|
222,353,777 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3390/biology9100328",
"MAG": "3091904572",
"PubMedCentral": "7600195"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/10/328/pdf?version=1602147331"
}
|
Simple Summary Recent advances in 3D cell culture have provided new opportunities for investigating interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding stromal cells. The 3D culture platform described herein is both time efficient and economical in the study of direct cell–cell interactions. The unique design of our dumbbell model had allowed us to visualize and monitor the entire recruitment process of cancer cells by fibroblasts under an in vitro condition. Suitable for almost every cell type, our model has the potential for a wider application as it can be adapted for use in drug screening and the study of cellular factors involved in cell–cell attraction. Abstract Stromal fibroblasts surrounding cancer cells are a major and important constituent of the tumor microenvironment not least because they contain cancer-associated fibroblasts, a unique fibroblastic cell type that promotes tumorigenicity through extracellular matrix remodeling and secretion of soluble factors that stimulate cell differentiation and invasion. Despite much progress made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that underpin fibroblast–tumor cross-talk, relatively little is known about the way the two cell types interact from a physical contact perspective. In this study, we report a novel three-dimensional dumbbell model that would allow the physical interaction between the fibroblasts and cancer cells to be visualized and monitored by microscopy. To achieve the effect, the fibroblasts and cancer cells in 50% Matrigel suspension were seeded as independent droplets in separation from each other. To allow for cell migration and interaction, a narrow passage of Matrigel causeway was constructed in between the droplets, effectively molding the gel into the shape of a dumbbell. Under time-lapse microscopy, we were able to visualize and image the entire process of fibroblast-guided cancer cell migration event, from initial vessel-like structure formation by the fibroblasts to their subsequent invasion across the causeway, attracting and trapping the cancer cells in the process. Upon prolonged culture, the entire population of fibroblasts eventually infiltrated across the passage and condensed into a spheroid-like cell mass, encapsulating the bulk of the cancer cell population within. Suitable for almost every cell type, our model has the potential for a wider application as it can be adapted for use in drug screening and the study of cellular factors involved in cell–cell attraction.
|
2022-12-02T11:28:18.051Z
|
154,559,657 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2172/814204",
"MAG": "2120956965",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc736700/m2/1/high_res_d/814204.pdf"
}
|
Renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaic, solar thermal electricity, and wind turbine power are environmentally beneficial sources of electric power generation. The integration of renewable energy sources into electric power distribution systems can provide additional economic benefits because of a reduction in the losses associated with transmission and distribution lines. Benefits associated with the deferment of transmission and distribution investment may also be possible for cases where there is a high correlation between peak circuit load and renewable energy electric generation, such as photovoltaic systems in the Southwest. Case studies were conducted with actual power distribution system data for seven electric utilities with the participation of those utilities. Integrating renewable energy systems into electric power distribution systems increased the value of the benefits by about 20 to 55% above central station benefits in the national regional assessment. In the case studies presented in Vol. II, the range was larger: from a few percent to near 80% for a case where costly investments were deferred. In general, additional savings of at least 10 to 20% can be expected by integrating at the distribution level. Wind energy systems were found to be economical in good wind resource regions, whereas photovoltaic systems costs are presently a factor of 2.5 too expensive under the most favorable conditions.
|
2022-09-14T11:02:53.624Z
|
229,061,716 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.32317/2221-1055.202007054",
"MAG": "3094889401",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://www.eapk.org.ua/sites/default/files/eapk/2020/07/ekonomikaapk_2020_7_p_54_67.pdf"
}
|
The purpose of the article is to assess the development trends of the production of bakery products in the countries of the European space and the possibilities of the national industry to strengthen its positions in the domestic and foreign markets. Research methods. The research used the methods of theoretical generalizations, dynamical, statistical comparisons and groupings to analyze trends in the development of bakery production and assess the development of individual countries according to the selected system of indicators; economic and statistical analysis to determine the level of mutual influence of factors and forecast estimates. Research results. On the basis of the proposed methodological approach and the selected system of indicators, trends in the development of the bakery industry in European countries are studied. The mutual influence of factors of the macroeconomic environment on the development of bakery production has been determined, in particular: total income from product sales; capital investment; GDP per capita; wages; exchange rate. The influence of economic globalization on the expansion of exports of bakery products is revealed. The dynamics of production and export of bakery products is estimated. Based on the experience of developed countries and existing trends, the author suggests ways of developing the national bakery market. Scientific novelty. The market shares of manufacturers in the bakery market and the share of industrial products in the total consumption of bread products in Ukraine, the influence of price factors on the formation of demand for bread and flour in European countries have been established. It has been substantiated that the main trends of the European bakery market, which will continue in the future, are: an increase in the total volume of industrial production in the EU as a whole; growing demand for functional types of products, production of flour mixtures for the needs of bakery enterprises for a given range of bakery products; diffusion of innovations in consumer packaging and semi-finished products; preservation of national traditions of consumption of flour products. The article reveals the dependence of the total income of the bakery industry on the volume of capital investment, growth in average wages and the volume of gross domestic product per capita, which is typical for Ukraine and developing countries. Practical significance. Designed for experts in the field of economics of the food industry and the bakery industry, scientific workers, teachers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions. The results of the study can be used by specialists to assess the level of development of bakery production in individual countries of the European space, by government officials when choosing directions for food policy, by researchers to expand the scope of research. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 7. Refs.: 39.
|
2022-09-25T16:02:10.254Z
|
211,264,180 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/spe.2760",
"MAG": "2990159818",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Software repositories are crucial resources for many software tasks, including code retrieval and annotation. Programming forums provide questions and answers (Q&A) from software developers, containing abundant code‐description posts for exchanging knowledge about programming issues. However, most posts provide personal opinions of users that are often not adequately confirmed or outdated. Mining software repositories in such open and unrestricted forums is challenging. Since the posts can be arbitrary and noisy, it is difficult to get unified labels for supervised noise elimination. Different from existing mining approaches, this paper proposes Code‐Description Mining Framework (CodeMF), an unsupervised framework to eliminate noisy posts and extract high quality software repositories from programming forums. CodeMF treats all social features of the posts as discrete‐time signals for kernel principal component analysis and further performs wavelet transform feature fusion to find the delicate changes (noises in temporal signals). We conduct comprehensive experiments on StackOverflow. Experimental results demonstrate that CodeMF can effectively reduce running time and improve precision via mining high‐quality software repositories for various programming languages, especially for the large‐scale codebases. To further illustrate the effect of CodeMF applied in software tasks, we introduce it to improve the performance of query‐expansion code search. Meanwhile, for SQL and C# programs, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art query‐expansion method QECK, the improvement of QECKCodeMF is 2% and 6% on Recall@10, and 4% and 14% on mean reciprocal rank, respectively.
|
2022-12-16T12:48:24.622Z
|
207,465,128 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4103/0971-9261.70648",
"MAG": "2025832546",
"PubMedCentral": "2952783"
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-9261.70648"
}
|
We report a 28-day-old neonate presenting with signs of fever, abdominal distension, and refusal to feed. The baby was diagnosed to have multiple liver abscesses which ruptured and a tract lead to the pericardium resulting in a pyo-pericardium. Laparoscopic drainage of the abscess cavities and the pyo-pericardium was performed. An extensive search of the literature revealed that this case is the youngest one to have undergone such simultaneous laparoscopic drainage.
|
2022-12-14T22:56:21.381Z
|
154,665,041 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.PUBJOF.A037571",
"MAG": "2171966945",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This research focuses on a policy innovation which has a direct impact on the structure and administration of state courts. Two possible patterns of diffusion are examined to answer the question: Why did certain states adopt the Missouri Court Plan? One explanation is that the plan spread among the states because of its purported virtue of enhancing the selection of judges. A second explanation suggests that political necessities were instrumental to the adoption of the plan. The application of probit analysis to the data revealed that the rural to urban shift in population and political power in the 1960s may have motivated states to adopt the Missouri Plan. Although innovations may have appealing policy implications, decisions to adopt innovations are based on the political realities facing policymakers.
|
2022-12-19T10:27:55.080Z
|
109,384,660 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/TCS.1980.1084858",
"MAG": "1972586403",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This article presents a method for interchanging a portion of a transfer function with high Q -factor poles by a more complicated transfer function that can be realized with lower Q -factor stages. The limit for the possible Q -factor lowering is determined by the root locus for the poles of this high Q -portion. The approximation error can be reduced in a geometric progression by increasing the number of low Q -factor stages. A method for determining the poles and zeros of the approximating function is described and an example of interchange of a bandpass filter transfer function is given.
|
2022-02-10T06:11:58.889Z
|
120,164,994 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7498/APS.57.5565",
"MAG": "1810500779",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A method for determining the optical thickness and effective particle radius of spherical aerosols with sun light of a single wavelength is presented. Based on the vector radiative transfer theory, the reflection matrix of the aerosols is calculated by using the adding-doubling method for λ =0.75μm and 3.3μm, the effective radii of aerosol particles were 0.01—1.5μm, and the optical thickness were 0.05—1. We modeled the retrieval process by computer simulation. From the numerical results, we conclude that the radiance combined with polarization is capable of uniquely retrieving optical thickness and effective radius with high accuracy. Especially, when the effective radius is less than 0.4μm, a visible light wavelength can be used for retrieval; when the effective radius is larger than 1.0μm, an infrared light wavelength can be used for retrieval; when the effective radius lies between 0.4 and 1.0μm, both of the two wave bands can be used to obtain a unique result with high accuracy.
|
2022-09-02T03:39:33.260Z
|
207,279,653 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1364/AO.21.003437",
"MAG": "1986425556",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A multispot photocoagulation system equipped with a fiber bundle scanner is developed for the treatment of widely spread port wine stain. The laser transmission system consists of multiple quartz fiber, the input ends of which are aligned and driven by a stepper motor across a high-power argon laser beam. The output ends are arranged in a hexagonal close-packed array from which the diverging laser beam successively irradiates different spots of a lesion without the use of a mechanical scan over the lesion. The output patterns from two bundles of graded-index and step-index fibers are analyzed experimentally.
|
2022-09-08T14:55:16.637Z
|
28,509,057 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5424/SJAR/2014124-6282",
"MAG": "2104369017",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Tannery industry releases high amounts of tannery sludge which are currently composted and used in agricultural soils. The consecutive amendment of such composted tannery sludge (CTS) may affect soil microrganisms, such as rhizobia. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 5-year repeated CTS amendment on growth, nodulation, and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) CTS was applied in different amounts (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 Mg/ha) to a sandy soil. Amendment of CTS increased soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium and chromium content. Plant growth, nodulation, N accumulation, and cowpea yield increased up to 10 Mg/ha; however, above this rate, these variables decreased. After 5 years of CTS amendment, the increase in soil chemical properties, particularly EC and Na content, exerted negative effects on the growth, nodulation, and yield of cowpea.
|
2022-12-02T11:19:27.798Z
|
199,388,543 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/chem.201903403",
"MAG": "2966340406",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The Aurivillius phases have been routinely known as excellent ferroelectrics and have rarely been deemed as materials luminescing in the near-infrared region. Here we show that the Aurivillius phases can demonstrate broadband near-infrared luminescence covering the telecommunication and biological optical windows. Experimental characterizations of the model system of Bi2.14Sr0.75Ta2O9-x, combined with theoretical calculations, help us establish that the near-infrared luminescence originates from defective [Bi2O2]2+ layers. Importantly, we validate the generality of our finding based on the observations of a rich bank of near-infrared luminescence characteristics in other Aurivillius phases. Our work highlights that incorporating defects into infinitely repeating [Bi2O2]2+ layers can be used as a powerful tool to space-selectively impart unusual luminescence emitters to the Aurivillius-phase ferroelectrics, which not only offers an optical probe for the examination of defect states in ferroelectrics, but also provides possibilities for coupling of the ferroelectric property with near-infrared luminescence.
|
2022-12-03T00:15:00.902Z
|
46,561,271 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1037/a0034040",
"MAG": "2047963469",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
The current research targets 4 potential stereotypes driving hostile attitudes and discriminatory behaviors toward pregnant women: incompetence, lack of commitment, inflexibility, and need for accommodation. We tested the relative efficacy of reducing concerns related to each of the stereotypes in a field experiment in which female confederates who sometimes wore pregnancy prostheses applied for jobs in a retail setting. As expected, ratings from 3 perspectives (applicants, observers, and independent coders) converged to show that pregnant applicants received more interpersonal hostility than did nonpregnant applicants. However, when hiring managers received (vs. did not receive) counterstereotypic information about certain pregnancy-related stereotypes (particularly lack of commitment and inflexibility), managers displayed significantly less interpersonal discrimination. Explicit comparisons of counterstereotypic information shed light on the fact that certain information may be more effective in reducing discrimination than others. We conclude by discussing how the current research makes novel theoretical contributions and describe some practical organizational implications for understanding and improving the experiences of pregnant workers.
|
2022-12-17T22:30:57.946Z
|
251,720,292 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/nar/gkac687",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "9458436"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/50/16/9012/45735761/gkac687.pdf"
}
|
Abstract Dynamic regulation of RNA folding and structure is critical for the biogenesis and function of RNAs and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Through their nucleotide triphosphate-dependent remodelling functions, RNA helicases are key modulators of RNA/RNP structure. While some RNA helicases are dedicated to a specific target RNA, others are multifunctional and engage numerous substrate RNAs in different aspects of RNA metabolism. The discovery of such multitasking RNA helicases raises the intriguing question of how these enzymes can act on diverse RNAs but also maintain specificity for their particular targets within the RNA-dense cellular environment. Furthermore, the identification of RNA helicases that sit at the nexus between different aspects of RNA metabolism raises the possibility that they mediate cross-regulation of different cellular processes. Prominent and extensively characterized multifunctional DEAH/RHA-box RNA helicases are DHX15 and its Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) homologue Prp43. Due to their central roles in key cellular processes, these enzymes have also served as prototypes for mechanistic studies elucidating the mode of action of this type of enzyme. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the structure, regulation and cellular functions of Prp43/DHX15, and discuss the general concept and implications of RNA helicase multifunctionality.
|
2022-12-14T20:28:14.480Z
|
39,148,213 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1109/18.9791",
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}
|
A procedure for constructing binary models for sources of floating-point and fixed-precision numbers is given and used together with the minimum description length principle to find optimal models. These models are used to design noiseless source codes which take into consideration the practical tradeoff between minimizing memory cost and expected code length. As an example, the authors show the impossibility of compressing the Gaussian source of floating-point numbers beyond a certain point regardless of the variance. >
|
2022-12-15T15:28:45.924Z
|
162,719,592 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0041977X00136079",
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|
difficulty is that a disproportionate amount of the available information about them refers to the Mbuti of the Ituri, who have been taken as the archetypes of all pygmies despite their unique forest economy. The author (whose doctoral dissertation was on the Twa of Rwanda) wishes to correct this view and to present an account of these societies not as isolated forest dwellers (the traditional ethnological view) but as set within their full social and historical contexts, and to ask and answer some of the questions about them that are of such theoretical and comparative importance. These are essentially to do with their relationships with the non-pygmy societies on whom pygmies are dependent, a dependency which under certain conditions becomes an interdependency. Seitz has written an impressively thorough survey, based on a study of the available literature. It covers virtually every aspect of the economy and social organization of the various groups known as pygmy and pygmoid, and of their relationships with their neighbours, with the emphasis on relations of complementary and hierarchical differentiation. The book begins with an account of former studies of pygmies and the problems raised by them, and this is followed by a classification of the various pygmy and pygmoid groups, those of northern Zaire, of Congo and Gabon, of southern Zaire, Rwanda and Urundi. Full references are given to the many published accounts, and there are excellent maps. There follow the central chapters of the book. The first is on the ecology and economy of these groups, in which the author shows the significant variations between the forest and the savanna communities, most of the latter being sedentary and often ' domesticated ' hunters. This leads to a chapter on the process of the adaptation of a more productive economy and of agriculture, the participation of the pygmies in the farming systems of non-pygmy societies and the growth of exchange networks between them, the formation of more stable communities of pygmies, and the development in some areas of fishing and craft specialization. This in turn leads to a chapter on social as well as economic interdependence between pygmies and non-pygmies, including ties of mythology and intermarriage. These chapters open a new dimension on studies of pygmies. The sixth chapter is concerned with their political roles in the sacred kingdoms of the southern savanna areas, especially among the Banyarwanda, Bakuba and Bashi. The pygmies here play a crucial part as the holders of certain forms of ritual power with which the sacred non-pygmy rulers must be invested. This role as mediators between kingship, ' nature ' and ' history ' is related to their origins: as autochthonous peoples of this region they are credited with control of local and ancestral mystical forces, a control which is sanctioned by myths of the aboriginal hunters assisting the first incoming kings of these sacred states. If this sacredness declines, for various reasons, so do the ritual power and social position of the pygmies also decline, until they become outcasts.
|
2022-02-08T21:34:38.752Z
|
122,061,447 |
{
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"DOI": "10.3934/CPAA.2005.4.389",
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|
In this work, we present uniformly distributed sequences on the
unit sphere, and we show that this property is equivalent to
requiring the sequences to have a low discrepancy. Numerical
integration over the sphere is taken as a direct application, and
the corresponding errors are estimated. Special care is taken in
relating these concepts and properties to those for the euclidean
case. Several examples of uniformly distributed sequences of nodes
(ensembles) are presented.
|
2022-02-09T19:33:15.424Z
|
112,316,906 |
{
"externalids": {
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"DOI": "10.2534/JJASNAOE1903.1928.43_9",
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"url": null
}
|
Assuniing the stability curve of third degree, the author investigates the rolling of a ship with negative-GM. At first, he studies the free rolling, giving some modifications to Prof. Scribanti's formula and some approximate formulae. Next he analyses the rolling among waves without wind and then accompanied by wind. Therefrom the following conclusions are deduced : 1. The rolling of an ordinary ship with negative-GM among usual waves is quite safe, as there occurs no possibility of synchronism when accompanied by wind, the rolling increases considerably, but is not very dangerous, if sufficient cares are taken on her free-board, and he gives the approximate formula for the maximum rolling angle in that case, which may afford some means to determine the free-board of such a ship.2. A ship, especially under medium size, with the usually adopted value of positive-GM is very liable to get into a dangerously heavy rolling, which corresponds to synchronism in simple harmonic rolling, but takes place on the waves with shorter period.Consequently, he recommends the adoptation of small or negative GM, provided with sufficient free-board, for comparatively small-sized full cargo ships, as is generaly believed.
|
2022-02-10T03:28:03.532Z
|
58,158,617 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4236/OJOG.2018.84040",
"MAG": "2797458462",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Vaginal tumors, whether benign or malignant, are rare. They include fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs), which are benign lesions originating in mesenchymal cells, comprised of a core of connective tissue covered by squamous epithelium. They are usually small and asymptomatic. When symptomatic or very large, they may cause bleeding, genital discomfort or the presence of a bulge in the vagina. In the last case, they may be mistaken for a genital prolapse. Although their physiopathology is still not clearly understood, the presence of hormonal receptors and the occurrence of FEPs during the use of hormone therapy or pregnancy suggest that changes in the stroma of these lesions may be induced by hormones. We report on the case of a patient who presented with a vaginal bulge and was referred to the urogynecology outpatient ward with a diagnosis of genital prolapse, which had actually a large fibroepithelial polyp on the posterior vaginal wall.
|
2022-02-11T17:42:05.149Z
|
144,522,296 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/CJAS.130",
"MAG": "2038509851",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In efforts to innovate, organizations are increasingly offering competitive value-added services, frequently by evolving their software infrastructure. Business decisions are often motivated by economic trade-offs related to the development and management of this software. To develop an economic-modelling framework for the evolutionary development of software-based services, we examine the problem of estimating the return on a software-evolution investment. We present methods for estimating both the cost of developing a new service by incrementally modifying existing software and the value generated by introducing the service to the market in terms of revenue generated by the new service and the value of potential future services it may enable. An example case study illustrates the model. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dans leurs efforts d'innovation, les entreprises offrent de plus en plus des services competitifs a la valeur ajoutee, notamment en ameliorant leurs infrastructures logicielles. Les decisions operationnelles sont souvent motivees par des compromis economiques lies a la mise au point et a la gestion de tels logiciels. La presente etude propose un cadre de modelisation economique pour le developpement evolutif des services bases sur les logiciels, en examinant la question de l'estimation du retour sur un investissement d'evolution logicielle. Les methodes presentees permettent d'estimer, d'une part, les couts de developpement d'un nouveau service par une modification progressive de logiciels existants et, d'autre part, la valeur generee par l'introduction de ce service sur le marche, soit les revenus generes par le nouveau service et la valeur des services potentiels qu'il pourrait creer dans le futur. Une etude de cas permet d'illustrer le modele propose. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
2022-09-08T07:24:22.958Z
|
72,642,785 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1624/105812406X151330",
"MAG": "2062071731",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Many do not fully understand the lifelong, significant benefits of a well-supported, normal birth. In this column, the editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education reviews research that supports the life-changing advantages of a normal birthing experience. Further scientific study is encouraged in order to enhance previous, evidence-based data that demonstrate the positive outcomes of normal birth for women and their families. The editor also describes the contents of this journal issue, which offers a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote normal birth.
|
2022-11-02T20:50:46.912Z
|
10,409,327 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/01.SCS.0000180487.65784.A1",
"MAG": "2030687206",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
C ongenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) that are present at birth have an incidence of approximately 1%. Fortunately, most are smaller than 1.5 cm in diameter and are classified as small (Fig 1). Remaining nevi range between 1.5 cm and 19.9 cm in diameter to be classified as medium and larger than 20 cm to be classified as giant (Fig 2). As diameter increases, the potential for malignant transformation follows. Small to medium congenital nevi rarely develop into melanoma before puberty. However, small to mediumCMN-associated melanoma have a bimodal age distribution. Malignant transformation usually can be found originating around the periphery of a relatively flat CMN. Giant congenital nevi occur in less than 0.005% of live births, and the estimated incidence of malignant melanoma transformation has been reported to be as high as 10%. Additional concern is that 50% of congenital nevi-associated melanomas are detected by the age of 5 years, and themortality has been reported as high as 40%. Although CMN can develop anywhere on the body, the most common locations remain axial (posterior trunk, head, neck, buttocks) followed by the extremities. The larger lesions are associated with irregular borders, color variations, surface irregularities, and boarder indistinctness. Risk factors for melanoma transformation include posterior midline location, greater than 20 cm in diameter, neural involvement, and to a lesser degree pigment regression of the nevi.
|
2022-12-15T08:36:07.867Z
|
1,656,030 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/coa.12436",
"MAG": "2160095878",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
• Follow-up rates of specialist registrars and methods to reduce unnecessary follow-ups were evaluated. • In total, 411 patients were seen by three consecutive trainees under one consultant. • The follow-up rates can be significantly reduced by up to 42%. • Techniques such as written guidelines, training in clinics and written feedback of trainee’s clinic letters can be used. • Open appointments, nurse-led clinics and writing to patients with results of their investigations can also reduce follow-up.
|
2022-02-13T14:26:14.237Z
|
120,559,235 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1086/289377",
"MAG": "1982722664",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Although Hale and Resnik are correct in their specific objection to my proposal for nominalizing science, the proposal can be saved by means of a simple and plausible modification.
|
2022-12-23T08:23:04.353Z
|
32,262,783 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1046/j.1439-0272.2000.00359.x",
"MAG": "2131700358",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0272.2000.00359.x"
}
|
The present article reviews the methods for detection and the clinical significance of the acrosome reaction. The best method for the detection of the acrosome reaction is electron microscopy, but it is expensive and labour‐intensive and therefore cannot be used routinely. The most widely used methods utilize optical microscopy where spermatozoa are stained for the visualization of their acrosomal status. Different dyes are used for this purpose as well as lectins and antibodies labelled with fluorescence. The acrosome reaction following ionophore challenge (ARIC) can separate spermatozoa that undergo spontaneous acrosome reaction from those that are induced, making the result of the inducible acrosome reaction more meaningful. Many different stimuli have been used for the induction of the acrosome reaction with different results. The ARIC test can provide information on the fertilizing capability of a sample. The ARIC test was also used to evaluate patients undergoing in vitro fertilization since a low percentage of induced acrosome reaction was found to be associated with lower rates of fertilization. The cut‐off value that could be used to identify infertile patients is under debate. Therapeutic decisions can also be made on the basis of the value of the ARIC test.
|
2022-12-30T00:39:52.165Z
|
135,683,426 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1179/143307510X12777574295109",
"MAG": "1579305735",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract This paper reports growth and spectroscopic properties of Yb3+/Er3+:CaMoO4 crystal. Yb3+/Er3+:CaMoO4 crystal with dimensions of 20 × 40 mm has been grown by Czochralski method from a flux of Na2MoO4. The spectroscopic properties were investigated. Yb3+/Er3+:CaMoO4 crystal has a strong and broad absorption band with full width at half maximum of 66 nm, which is suitable for diode laser pumping. Two strong up-conversion emission bands at 510–570 nm and 640–690 nm were observed. Based on the rate equation method, the proportion η of the up-conversion emission intensity of 533, 553 and 671 nm was determined to be 57·83%, which indicates the high effective energy transfer and up-conversion process from Yb3+ to Er3+ ion in Yb3+/Er3+:CaMoO4 crystal.
|
2022-07-23T20:28:42.683Z
|
144,493,415 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1179/2047386914Z.00000000099",
"MAG": "2032717055",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract This paper reflects upon the content of this special issue. First, it is noted that ideologists who single-mindedly promote a narrow form of inclusion fail to recognize they are seeking the realization of an unattainable utopian ideal. Second, the established fact that friendships are strongly based on the tendency of individuals to associate and bond with similar others means it is unrealistic to assume that all people with an intellectual disability can be fully included in the community. Third, the claim is examined that notwithstanding government policy on promoting social and community inclusion, people with intellectual disabilities have achieved little or no profile for most of the last twenty years. Fourth, it is noted that the rapid marketisation of the social care sector presents a challenge to the quality of life experienced by many people with an intellectual disability.
|
2022-08-25T02:52:24.526Z
|
154,381,734 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0020872814536417",
"MAG": "2079316526",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Based on large-scale surveys and in-depth interviews, this article discusses the role of religion in social welfare and social work in Russia’s Republic of Tatarstan, a majority Muslim region. It notes that there is relatively little formal social work provided by large-scale Islam-based groups. However, religious spaces are important as places where social networks are developed, facilitating social welfare provision within wider networks. Locally, mosques rarely provide immediate aid, such as cash transfers, but some engage in long-term targeted provision. The article concludes that as such schemes develop, trust in religious organizations will increase and more people will turn to them in times of need.
|
2022-09-15T00:07:26.666Z
|
34,381,174 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/PPC.2015.7296908",
"MAG": "1935912177",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The behavior of a six vane relativistic magnetron with a single radial output slot has been studied in detail by 3D PIC simulations. We find that a delicate electro-dynamic imbalance caused by impedance mismatch is responsible for the shortening of the radiated power pulse. When the power pulse drops the voltage reduces and the current increases which points towards under-matched impedance of the magnetron relative to the generator providing its input power. We demonstrate this here by changing the radius of the cathode. When the impedances match the radiated power pulse no longer shortens and it can be increased considerably. This relatively simple electrical power balance is the result of intricate dynamics involving the electron flow within the magnetron, out of the interaction cavity through the axial flow and the electro-magnetic modes supported by the structure.
|
2022-12-14T12:14:14.507Z
|
22,168,460 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01495.x",
"MAG": "2024172578",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01495.x"
}
|
Purpose: This study aimed to develop low‐viscosity aqueous eyedrops containing enalaprilat and its prodrug enalapril maleate in solution, and to evaluate the eyedrops in rabbits.
|
2022-12-17T02:15:40.162Z
|
24,462,195 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1128/iai.57.11.3372-3376.1989",
"MAG": "2154904194",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc259826?pdf=render"
}
|
A gene encoding a Streptococcus mutans surface protein antigen has been isolated from a strain GS-5 gene bank constructed via the Streptococcus-Escherichia coli shuttle vector pSA3. This E. coli recombinant clone, designated 4B2, expressed S. mutans proteins, as shown by Western immunoblot analysis with a specific rabbit antibody to S. mutans surface antigens. Three bands were observed, including a 52-kilodalton (kDa) protein (pI 5.7), a 29-kDa protein (pI 4.2), and a 20-kDa protein usually present in lower amounts. The 52- and 29-kDa proteins both reacted with a monoclonal antibody to S. mutans antigen A, a 29-kDa protein which has been characterized and used as a vaccine for the prevention of induced caries in rodents and monkeys. The 52-kDa protein, but not the 29-kDa protein, showed a capacity to bind to a broad number of carbohydrate polymers. The results from this study suggest that the recombinant 4B2 clone specifies a 52-kDa protein which is a precursor to the 29-kDa antigen A.
|
2022-09-05T08:02:37.697Z
|
51,609,653 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/1751-2980.12644",
"MAG": "2871752699",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Depression is more prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in the general population. This study evaluated disease‐related risk factors for depression in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
|
2022-12-19T08:56:46.112Z
|
27,318,244 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.11591/IJAPE.V5.I3.PP120-129",
"MAG": "2565356102",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Improvement of power system performance in terms of increased voltage profile and decreased transmission loss is becoming one of the challenging tasks to the system operators under open access environment. Apart from traditional power flow controlling devices, use of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices can give an attractive solution for the operation and control of deregulated power system. The type, size, location and number of FACTS devices are to be optimized appropriately in order to get the targeted benefits. In this paper, two FACTS devices, Thyristor Controller Phase Shift Transformer (TCPST) and Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) are selected to obtain the required performance such as improvement of voltage profile and loss minimization. To search the optimal location and optimal rating of the selected FACTS devices, a hybrid algorithm which formulated with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is proposed. At the first step, the optimization problem is solved for finding the optimal location of FACTS devices using PSO with an objective of voltage profile maximization and later GSA is implemented to optimize their parameters with an objective of transmission loss minimization. The proposed method is implemented on IEEE 30-bus test system and from the simulation results it can be proved that this technique is well suited for real-time application.
|
2022-12-24T00:31:11.408Z
|
122,774,053 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ISIT.1993.748564",
"MAG": "2163791350",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We present an equivalent form of the decoding algorithm in [2]. It achieves the designed minimum distance in Decoding Algebraic-Geometric Codes. For a wide class of such Codes the algorithm is described in an elementary way with a minimum of Algebraic geometry concepts.
|
2022-02-09T18:57:21.479Z
|
110,875,357 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1061/47625(404)4",
"MAG": "2086739685",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
With Hengzhai Bridge of Sanmao Railway line in Guangdong province as the background, the research, choosing test sections of shallow foundation and pile foundation, carries out in-site tests covering dynamic properties of the pier top and the mid-span before and after the reinforcement engineering. The result shows that the lateral amplitude of the measuring points can be greatly reduced than that before the reinforcement, and lower than the normal values of The Verification Measurement Rules and Procedures of China Railroad Bridges (The Verification). The natural vibration frequency of the pier after the reinforcement increases obviously and it exceeds the minimum value of The Verification. The stability of the whole bridge can be greatly upgraded and the lateral amplitude of the bridge can be apparently reduced via adding transverse diaphragms to connect the two T-shaped beams and reinforcing the foundation by methods of high-pressure jet grouting and slip casting in the foundation.
|
2022-02-10T04:45:57.693Z
|
55,782,715 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.19080/ARTOAJ.2017.10.555799",
"MAG": "2769123757",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Agriculture, with almost equal share of the twin farming systems of crop production and livestock development, characterizes the key issues of Ethiopian economy. The first green revolution could not have got its momentum in Ethiopia due to limitations associated mainly with improved varieties, assured irrigation and, inorganic fertilizers. The continued efforts in crop varieties improvement, inventorying of soil resources, watershed development, and related activities have now amplified the potential of Ethiopia to revolutionize its agricultural developments both livestock and crop productions. However, the message from the first green revolution in terms of soil health deterioration leading to malnutrition, polluted foodstuff and water and other types of contamination of agricultural products due to excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, chemicals, insecticides and pesticides has bitterly warned the scientists and even planners to move to some compromise in the use of inorganic materials as inputs. The use of organic resources alone or in integration with inorganic materials is the quick answer to such compromise. Needless to mention, the use of organic resources for soil fertility management is virtually known almost since the beginning of agriculture. In the same fashion, the present human population world-wide wants food stuff free of pollution, contamination or even adulteration caused by unwise and unscientific use of inorganic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals, which were the main bearing to the yield increase during the first green revolution at the expense of the quality of the produces. The second green revolution relates to restoration of quality of produce and improvement of soil health and quality. Obviously, organic farming approach is the only option for its realization. The quality of organic resources and their fertilizer equivalence are the main criteria to be judged for effective utilization of the organic resources for soil fertility improvement and promotion of agricultural products both in quantity and quality. The contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, lignin, polyphenol and C:N ratios are some of the basic parameters to be considered in quality assessment of the organic resources. Under natural environments, there are many plant species that are useful to soil fertility improvement, but our knowledge is limited. Knowledge of organic matter turnover in soils is of vital importance in order to estimate the amount of organic resource to be added to soils to maintain the organic matter status. Soils with high C:N ratio need to have very specific management practices. The enhancement of N and P status of soils with exposures to X-rays is recently established for further validation as well as application either in field or otherwise. The clue of second green revolution lies on quality improvement of agricultural produces and this could be achieved by how could the integration of organic resource with very selective amount of inorganic fertilizers be made effective for high yields without any scope of abuse due to degradation. The considerable demand and relatively higher market values of the organically produced crop as well as livestock products for being free from pollution, high quality and healthy foodstuff are obviously positive additives and better bargaining power in the compromises with the possible reduction in quantity of yield in the short term from minimizing the use of mineral fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals.
|
2022-06-28T09:17:54.652Z
|
113,986,756 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/09398368.2015.11782459",
"MAG": "2530266211",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Electric Motors (EMs) and their control methods play an essential role in the development of energy-efficient drivetrains, particularly electric vehicle (EV) powertrains. It should be pointed out that the electric motors and their control methods are one of the key aspects in all EV propulsion systems. Thus, in this article, different motor control methods (i.e. Indirect Field-Oriented Control (IFOC), Hybrid IFOC and PWM voltage scheme, IFOC based on SVPWM, Direct Torque Control (DTC), and DTC based on SVPWM) are designed and investigated in detail by using Matlab/Simulink. This article also presents the dynamic modeling of electric motor taking into account its core losses. Based on the developed loss model, the IFOC based on PWM voltage and PSO is proposed to enhance the motor efficiency especially at low load conditions. A comparative study of these motor control methods is provided in this paper in order to select the proper motor control strategy. The obtained results have demonstrated that the proposed PSO algorithm significantly minimizes the motor losses at any operating condition by selecting the optimal flux level. The simulation and experimental results are provided and discussed.
|
2022-07-29T03:07:19.500Z
|
119,362,212 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1121/1.410971",
"MAG": "1992012953",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
From 7 to 29 June 1993, vessel surveys for sperm whales were conducted in the Gulf of Mexico off the Louisiana coast. Ninety sperm whales were seen in water 600 to 1400 m deep. On four of the first five survey days, whales were found routinely in an area 100 km S.E. of the Mississippi River before a seismic survey operation began (0.092 whales/km). Within the seismic operations area, whale abundance changed significantly to 0.038 whales/km during the first two days and then to 0.0 whales/km for the following five days (p value <0.001). During the first two days of seismic activity, whales were only seen around the periphery of the seismic area. Survey effort for the last 5 days (920 km) and revealed only one group of four animals 61 km S.W. of the seismic survey area and also 56 km N.E. from another active seismic survey. Although the observation of seismic survey activity was serendipitous, it was highly correlated to numbers of sperm whales. This relationship deserves further investigation. If validated...
|
2022-09-11T15:36:12.565Z
|
88,508,788 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.12692/ijb/4.9.266-271",
"MAG": "1466384315",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
The effects of physico-chemical factors on the composition, distribution and abundance of phytoplankton of Kusalla reservoir were studied. Water and phytoplankton samples were collected and analysed using standard methods for a period of one year. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance, which shows that the phytoplankton has significant seasonal and spatial variation. Correlation analysis show that phytoplankton has significant positive correlation with temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and the nutrients. The phytoplankton was dominated by the Chlorophyta followed by the Cyanophyta. Baccillariophyta and Dinophyta. The lake is adjudged to be tending towards deterioration of water quality. The abundance, composition and distribution of the phytoplankton in Kusalla reservoir is affected by the environmental variables. The physicochemical parameters to a large extent determine the seasonal and spatial patterns of the phytoplankton. The numerical dominance of the Cyanophyta in the reservoir is an indication that autochtonous and allochtonous inputs into the reservoir are decreasing the water quality.
|
2022-11-04T00:18:35.162Z
|
249,687,690 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2196/39590",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "9297133"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.jmir.org/2022/7/e39590/PDF"
}
|
Background In 2020, more than 250 eHealth solutions were added to app stores each day, or 90,000 in the year; however, the vast majority of these solutions have not undergone clinical validation, their quality is unknown, and the user does not know if they are effective and safe. We sought to develop a simple prescreening scoring method that would assess the quality and clinical relevance of each app. We designed this tool with 3 health care stakeholder groups in mind: eHealth solution designers seeking to evaluate a potential competitor or their own tool, investors considering a fundraising candidate, and a hospital clinician or IT department wishing to evaluate a current or potential eHealth solution. Objective We built and tested a novel prescreening scoring tool (the Medical Digital Solution scoring tool). The tool, which consists of 26 questions that enable the quick assessment and comparison of the clinical relevance and quality of eHealth apps, was tested on 68 eHealth solutions. Methods The Medical Digital Solution scoring tool is based on the 2021 evaluation criteria of the French National Health Authority, the 2022 European Society of Medical Oncology recommendations, and other provided scores. We built the scoring tool with patient association and eHealth experts and submitted it to eHealth app creators, who evaluated their apps via the web-based form in January 2022. After completing the evaluation criteria, their apps obtained an overall score and 4 categories of subscores. These criteria evaluated the type of solution and domain, the solution’s targeted population size, the level of clinical assessment, and information about the provider. Results In total, 68 eHealth solutions were evaluated with the scoring tool. Oncology apps (22%, 20/90) and general health solutions (23%, 21/90) were the most represented. Of the 68 apps, 32 (47%) were involved in remote monitoring by health professionals. Regarding clinical outcomes, 5% (9/169) of the apps assessed overall survival. Randomized studies had been conducted for 21% (23/110) of the apps to assess their benefit. Of the 68 providers, 38 (56%) declared the objective of obtaining reimbursement, and 7 (18%) out of the 38 solutions seeking reimbursement were assessed as having a high probability of reimbursement. The median global score was 11.2 (range 4.7-17.4) out of 20 and the distribution of the scores followed a normal distribution pattern (Shapiro-Wilk test: P=.33). Conclusions This multidomain prescreening scoring tool is simple, fast, and can be deployed on a large scale to initiate an assessment of the clinical relevance and quality of a clinical eHealth app. This simple tool can help a decision-maker determine which aspects of the app require further analysis and improvement.
|
2022-12-09T10:45:00.516Z
|
136,447,392 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00405000.2012.752123",
"MAG": "2007579039",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this work, first a model of three-dimensional (3D) woven fabric composite is generated using SolidWorks 2011. The model is constructed in such a way that it can be readily integrated into commercial finite element programs like ANSYS. Then impact resistance of this model is simulated and studied with projectile impacts at different initial velocities. By incorporating the interface of fabric and matrix and then an additional interface of nanoparticles, the impact resistance is enhanced. The simulated results are validated with experimental data. A compatible resin/matrix–nanoparticle system has to be selected along with the fabric in order to develop sufficient resistance to impact. The 3D woven nanocomposites prove to be more resistant to impact due to uniform nanoparticle dispersion in the matrix system.
|
2022-12-13T07:33:35.545Z
|
5,851,667 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1542/peds.2011-1607",
"MAG": "2127551311",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
BACKGROUND: To measure the analgesic effectiveness of the 5 S’s (swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) alone and combined with sucrose, during routine immunizations at 2 and 4 months. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 2- and 4-month-old infants during well-child visits. Patients were assigned into 4 groups (2 × 2) receiving either 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 24% oral sucrose and then either standard-of-care comfort measures by parents or intervention with the 5 S’s immediately postvaccination. The Modified Riley Pain Score was used to score the infants’ pain at 15-second intervals for 2 minutes, then every 30 seconds up to 5 minutes postvaccination. Repeated-measures analysis of variance examined between group differences and within-subject variability of treatment effect on overall pain scores and length of crying. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty infants were enrolled. Results revealed significantly different mean pain scores between study groups with the exception of the 5S’s and 5S’s with sucrose groups. These 2 groups had lower similar mean scores over time, followed by sucrose alone, then control. The same trend was found with the proportion of children crying as with the mean pain score outcome measure. CONCLUSIONS: Physical intervention of the 5 S’s (swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) provided decreased pain scores on a validated pain scale and decreased crying time among 2- and 4-month-old infants during routine vaccinations. The use of 5S’s did not differ from 5S’s and sucrose.
|
2022-12-19T10:06:05.281Z
|
117,249,561 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1063/1.1764109",
"MAG": "1482010653",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Multipolar magnetic fields are widely used to enhance plasma density. The effect of plasma confinement by multipolar magnetic fields is studied numerically using a self‐consistent particle modeling of discharges in a cylinder.
|
2022-02-09T23:27:32.504Z
|
92,324,644 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.11606/T.11.2018.tde-21062018-175831",
"MAG": "2896200166",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
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|
........................................................................................................................................................ 11 1. INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................................................... 13 2. REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.1. SOJA ........................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2. NEMATOIDE-DAS-LESÕES-RADICULARES .................................................................................................... 16 2.3. ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANEJO E CONTROLE DE P. BRACHYURUS ........................................................................ 19 2.4. MECANISMOS DE RESISTÊNCIA DAS PLANTAS AOS NEMATOIDES................................................................. 21 2.5. USO DO RNAI NO CONTROLE DOS NEMATOIDES ......................................................................................... 23 2.6. MARCADORES MOLECULARES NO MELHORAMENTO GENÉTICO .................................................................. 23 2.7. MAPEAMENTO DE QTLS ............................................................................................................................. 25 2.8. QTLS ASSOCIADOS À RESISTÊNCIA AOS NEMATOIDES ................................................................................ 28 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ............................................................................................................................ 31 3.1. CRUZAMENTO DOS GENITORES ................................................................................................................... 31 3.2. CONDUÇÃO DA GERAÇÃO F1 ....................................................................................................................... 32 3.3. OBTENÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO F2 .................................................................................................................... 32 3.4. AVALIAÇÕES FENOTÍPICAS DA POPULAÇÃO F2 ............................................................................................ 32 3.5. ANÁLISES FENOTÍPICAS DA POPULAÇÃO F2 ................................................................................................ 34 3.6. EXTRAÇÃO DO DNA ................................................................................................................................... 35 3.7. DADOS GENOTÍPICOS DA POPULAÇÃO F2 ..................................................................................................... 35 3.8. CONSTRUÇÃO DO MAPA GENÉTICO ............................................................................................................. 36 3.9. MAPEAMENTO DE QTLS ............................................................................................................................. 37 3.10. ANÁLISE DE SEQUÊNCIAS CANDIDATAS EM REGIÕES DE INTERESSE ........................................................ 39 4. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ..................................................................................................................... 41 4.1. ANÁLISES FENOTÍPICAS .............................................................................................................................. 41 4.2. MARCADORES SNP .................................................................................................................................... 45
|
2022-02-10T18:08:52.294Z
|
64,482,431 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.20961/ITS.V2I2.622",
"MAG": "2543631906",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Moodle adalah salah satu Learning Management System yang telah memiliki fasilitas komunikasi sistem ke sistem menggunakan web service. Dalam sistemnya, Moodle menyediakan fitur “Enablewebservice for mobile device”, yang mana berfungsi untuk membuat servisnya dapat diakses menggunakan perangkat bergerak. Karena basis dari servis ini adalah sistem ke sistem, sehingga perlu diadakan penyesuaian fungsi web service yang akan digunakan untuk diimplementasikan pada perangkat bergerak. Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana fungsi dari web service dari Moodle tersebut bisa dimanfaatkan secara lebih lanjut. Proses ini dimulai dari memperbaiki hak akses dari beberapa fungsi, kemudian pemilihan fungsi untuk akses secara mobile, hingga perancangan aplikasi yang akan mengakses fungsi dari web service tersebut. Dengan menggunakan Engine REST yang berformat data JSON akan di kembangkan sebuah prototipe aplikasi Android dengan melakukan parsing terhadap respons REST yang berupa JSON dan kemudian menampilkannya ke dalam sebuah tampilan antarmukapada perangkat Android yang mudah digunakan, sehingga dapat membuat pengalaman menggunakan Moodle dengan cara yang berbeda. Sekitar 23% fungsi dapat digunakan pada perangkat bergerak setelah disesuaikan hak aksesnya, yaitu sekitar 9 dari 23 butir fungsi. Kemudian pengujian web service dari sisi client membutuhkan waktu rata-rata 557ms pada server lokal, sedangkan untuk server hosting membutuhkan waktu rata-rata 2438ms. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah prototipe aplikasi berbasis Android yang mengakses Moodle dengan menggunakan protokol web service REST-JSON.Dengan menggunakan respons sebagai parameter fungsi pada web service, pengalaman pengguna (userexperience) akan sedikit berbeda dari pada mengakses Moodle menggunakan web browser. Akan tetapi, hal ini lebih mudahkan pengguna untuk mendapatkan informasi penting yang dibutuhkan.
|
2022-02-11T13:18:46.663Z
|
135,179,094 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1515/geo-2018-0003",
"MAG": "2794072759",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0003"
}
|
Abstract Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating has been performed on detrital zircons from the Chunshuyao Formation sandstone of Yichuan Basin. The ages of 85 detrital zircon grains are divided into three groups: 252-290 Ma, 1740-2000 Ma, and 2400-2600 Ma. The lack of Early Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic U-Pb ages indicates that there is no input from the Qinling Orogen, because the Qinling Orogen is characterized by Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic material. In combination with previous research, we suggest that the source of the Chunshuyao Formation is most likely recycled from previous sedimentary rocks from the North China Craton. In the Late Triassic, the Funiu ancient land was uplifted which prevented source material from the Qinling Orogen. Owing to the Indosinian orogeny, the strata to the east of the North China Craton were uplifted and eroded. The Yichuan Basin received detrital material from the North China Craton.
|
2022-04-15T16:28:34.876Z
|
133,883,271 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3847/2515-5172/AB0C0E",
"MAG": "2922221958",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Recent calculations of CO2-CH4 and CO2-H2 collision-induced absorption (CIA) confirm that it is stronger than that for N2-CH4 and N2-H2 pairs. Such N2-based molecules had been previously used as proxies for CO2-(H2,CH4) CIA when data for the latter had not yet existed. Nevertheless, calculations of CO2-(H2,CH4) CIA still need further refinement as predicted absorption is still too large when compared to subsequent laboratory experiments. Here, I discuss what effect this uncertainty in computed CO2-(H2,CH4) absorption has on recently computed habitable zone boundaries for outer edge habitable zone planets. I also discuss the implications for life on potentially habitable planets orbiting different star types.
|
2022-07-22T19:06:45.291Z
|
108,770,778 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1108/02632770410517933",
"MAG": "2026293067",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Seeks out whether technical performance indicators may be challenged by perception data thereby forcing a paradigm shift in building assessment. Reports the development of a conceptual framework and thereby justification of methodological approaches for a currently undertaken research project. Employs a subjective approach, based on inhabitants’ perceptions of their own environments. Concludes the measure of productivity used herein may be questionable but the use of productivity as the performance variable (against cost) is recognition of peoples’ importance as occupiers and their views equally so.
|
2022-09-09T04:25:26.089Z
|
13,897,125 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "1312.0256",
"DOI": "10.1109/TIT.2016.2525824",
"MAG": "1976078268",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Performance of regularized least-squares estimation in noisy compressed sensing is studied in the limit when the problem dimensions grow large. The sensing matrix is sampled from the rotationally invariant ensemble that encloses as special cases the standard IID and row-orthogonal constructions. The analysis is carried out using the replica method in conjunction with some novel matrix integration results. The numerical experiments show that for noisy compressed sensing, the standard IID ensemble is a suboptimal choice for the measurement matrix. Orthogonal constructions provide a superior performance in all considered scenarios and are easier to implement in practice.
|
2022-12-21T11:16:05.563Z
|
245,760,346 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3969/J.ISSN.1003-0972.2021.04.005",
"MAG": "3214654419",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The joint asymptotic distribution of kernel estimator of probability density function in a finite number of points is studied and proved under φ-mixing samples. By applying the blockwise technique and moment inequalities, it is shown that the joint asymptotic distribution is asymptotically multivariate normal distributed. As its application, the asymptotic distribution of the difference of density function between any two points is given.
|
2022-02-07T19:59:55.232Z
|
138,917,075 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1115/IMECE2015-50962",
"MAG": "2313205220",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Bioinspired materials have enabled the fabrication of tough lightweight structures for load- and impact-bearing applications of which an example is fiber-reinforced plastics use in aerospace. If applied to the field of construction, biomimicked composites can save lives, otherwise lost to earthquakes and other disasters that cause collapse of buildings. The main culprit is the low resistance of structures exposed to dynamic shear stresses, typical of earthquakes. Recent work on the application of biomimicry to structural composites has clearly shown the advantage of these materials in resisting dynamic shear. Adding natural or synthetic reinforcement fibers may alleviate the need for conventional steel rebars and make it possible to print buildings by conventional 3D printing technology. The main hurdles are to find the right type of composite that is compatible with 3D printing and the right process for deposition of such material. In the past, combination of carbon fiber, glue and concrete has been demonstrated to enhance the toughness of resulting structural composites. Inspired by the microstructure of oyster and mother of pearl, layering of these materials mitigates the localization of deformation by distributing the imposed displacement over a large area. The intricate structure of these layers, and the minute details of the interfaces are important for affecting good dynamic shear resistance. In nacre, a partial slip of sandwiched layers occurs before it stops and deformation is transferred to the adjacent area. This energy-absorption capability underlies the high-toughness behavior of nacre and similar structures. By mimicking nacre, bone and tooth, it is possible to benefit from their good properties, however, it is important to determine the type of material, layering scheme, geometry, and other factors that affect mechanical properties. A recently-developed medium-sized 3D printer was developed to deposit structural materials. These include cement, plaster, polymer and clay. Combinatorial structural composite research (CSCR) comprising the simultaneous fabrication and characterization of multiple specimens with different microstructures allows fair comparison of mechanical properties of various structural composites. Novel application of deposition techniques to the extrusion of plaster, cement and clay paves the way to layer these materials along with glue and fibers in desired schemes. Use of ANOVA tables in the selection of various types of ceramics, polymers and reinforcement materials for the fabrication of different composites will be discussed. In addition to selection of the type of the materials, deposition schemes such as those of solid and hollow structures, different layer thickness applications, and the effect of timing will be elucidated. Microscopy conducted on the fractured surfaces enables the investigation of the mechanisms of fracture and failure for these CSCR composites. The details of experiments conducted, microscopy performed and the results of mechanical tests will be presented.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
|
2022-02-09T09:52:48.304Z
|
45,857,117 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1006/ABIO.1995.1162",
"MAG": "2019682646",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The interaction between 23 anticancer drugs and gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) was studied by reversed-phase charge-transfer thin-layer chromatography and the relative strength of interaction was calculated. gamma-CD formed inclusion complexes with 14 compounds, the complex always being more or less hydrophobic than the uncomplexed drug. The inclusion-forming capacity of a drug differed considerably depending on its chemical structure. The linear correlation between the hydrophobicity and the specific hydrophobic surface area of anticancer drugs indicated that they can be considered a homologous series of compounds, although their chemical structures are highly different.
|
2022-02-12T00:16:50.555Z
|
112,220,674 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2172/4216555",
"MAG": "2294498773",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1021973/m2/1/high_res_d/4216555.pdf"
}
|
This material is the outgrowth of the notes prepared for lectures on reactor controls given in 1953-55 at the Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology. The course on reactor controls was for the purpose of acquainting the student with some of the elementary considerations involved in setting up a control and safety system for a nuclear reactor. Topics are discussed on kinetics, neutron energies, poisoning, analog computing, instrumentation, start-up, neutron sources, etc. (W.D.M.)
|
2022-03-25T00:43:32.515Z
|
164,839,948 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5539/JEL.V8N3P112",
"MAG": "2944680791",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The present study aimed to address the extent to which faulty members and students at the department of English language at Najran University practice using the ways of written corrective feedback. The questionnaire, as the main study instrument was used to collect data while the descriptive analytical approach was used to analyze these collected data. Findings revealed that the direct way of correction, i.e., the identification of student’s errors by underlining or circling and then telling them how to correct such errors without allowing them the chance to figure out what the corrections are, was the most practiced way of written corrective feedback. Using Arabic, as it was students’ mother tongue, to show them their errors and then explain to them how to correct these errors was the second practiced way. Indirect correction like for example correcting student’s errors through writing in the margin that there was an error without giving them the correct answer was the least used way, as indicated by faculty members. Nevertheless, correcting students’ errors by coding the exact error in the text without giving them the correct answer was the least used way from students’ viewpoint. Moreover, findings showed that both faculty members and students were in favor of the comprehensive not the selective way of correction.
|
2022-08-09T15:15:46.024Z
|
55,653,754 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2307/1060744",
"MAG": "1712424305",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46164/1/MPRA_paper_46164.pdf"
}
|
We construct a model that considers the direct effects, if any, of government spending on the attitudes of a typical consumer toward risk, time preference, and intertemporal substitution. The null hypothesis is that a growing government sector does not affect the consumer's behavior, and the alternative is that it causes him to become less risk averse, more impatient to consume now rather than in the future, and less responsive to changes in real interest rates. If the alternative hypothesis is correct, then government growth may lead to lower economic growth. Using Greek annual aggregate data, 1960-1990, we can reject the null hypothesis.
|
2022-09-14T10:17:50.979Z
|
67,752,636 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1596/1813-9450-1728",
"MAG": "2160861176",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/454091468772481074/pdf/multi-page.pdf"
}
|
Indonesia's labor markets, especially on the island of Java, have been transformed in the past 30 years, especially since liberalization picked up speed in the mid-1980's. The author explores the regional dimensions of that transformation. In some other countries, when labor markets changed, disparities among regions occurred. In Indonesia, when the employment structure changed markedly, real wages rose not only in Java-Bali, but also in most Outer Island provinces. Wages have grown more rapidly in Java-Bali, but labor in the Outer Island provinces has enjoyed large gains, the result of the rapid economic growth that came during deregulation. Among Outer Island provinces, Northern Sumatra and the poorer Eastern Island provinces have experienced substantial growth, while the Kalimantan provinces have lagged in manufacturing employment and wages. Labor market outcomes have also been less favorable in land-abundant provinces that received many assisted migrants during Indonesia's earlier oil boom. The author concludes that export-led industrialization concentrated in Java-Bali has helped change the labor market and income growth outside Java-Bali also. Improved wages and the shift of labor out of agriculture also partly reflect the government's continuing support for infrastructure and human resource development in the Outer Island provinces.
|
2022-12-05T18:07:57.970Z
|
254,615,406 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/NRSC57219.2022.9971319",
"MAG": null,
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A low profile, single layer, light weight ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna is introduced in this work. The design method depends on a main (primary) printed patch capacitively coupled to secondary parasitic patches. The whole design dimensions are 35 × 39.4 × 0.5 mm. The main patch is fed with coplanar waveguide (CPW). The main patch is constructed as a perforated circle with four quarter-circle sector holes over a roger RO3003 substrate with real permittivity εr = 3 and height h = 05m 0.5 mm. The parasitic elements are six equal small circles coupled to the primary patch through a gap. The whole antenna structure and the CPW feed line are printed on the same side of the substrate and the other side has no conductor (no ground plane). The antenna is fabricated and its parameters are measured experimentally. The reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and radiation efficiency are measured within the antenna operating band 2.9 –10.7 GHz. The measurements and the electromagnetic simulations are compared showing good agreement.
|
2022-12-17T11:47:10.979Z
|
219,693,311 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/03071020110039751",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "pd",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/6315/1/6315.pdf"
}
|
poverty 1870–1914: problems of conceptualization and methodology’ in J. Bradshaw and R. Sainsbury (eds),Getting the Measure of Poverty:The Early Legacy of Seebohm Rowntree (Aldershot, 2000): 255–74. 2 H. R. Haggard, Rural England, being an Account of Agricultural and Social Researches Carried out in 1901 and 1902, 2 vols (London, 1902) (hereafter RE). 3 D. Englander and R. O’Day (eds), Retrieved Riches: Social Investigation in Britain 1840–1914 (Aldershot, 1995); R. O’Day and D. Englander, Mr Charles Booth’s Enquiry: Life and Labour of the People in London Reconsidered (London, 1993). SOURCES
|
2022-01-27T10:20:20.447Z
|
55,911,398 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/RHEUMATOLOGY/KEU099.005",
"MAG": "2263746378",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
Background: Chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease are common in people with gout and are associated with poorer quality of life and higher mortality. However, our understanding of the role of psychological comorbidity in gout remains unclear. Frequent experience of severe pain, social isolation and strained family relationships may impact negatively on psychological health and influence health-seeking behaviour. This matched retrospective cohort study aimed to examine the association between gout and subsequent consultation for anxiety & depression in a UK primary care population. Methods: The study was undertaken using data from a general practice consultation database (CiPCA), gathered from nine general practices in North Staffordshire. Patients aged 18 years who consulted with gout between 2000 and 2008 were identified by Read code and each matched to 4 controls by age, gender, year of consultation and general practice. A consultation for either anxiety or depression, subsequent to the gout diagnosis, was defined from a relevant Read code gained between 2000 and 2011. Several other gout-related comorbidities (e.g. hypertension) were also recorded by Read code. Cox regression model was used to examine the association between gout and subsequent anxiety & depression consultation (new episodes), adjusting for age, gender, deprivation, year of consultation, general practice and comorbidities. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI were reported for gout cases vs matched controls. Results: 1689 patients with gout were compared with 6,756 control patients. Mean age was 63 years (Standard deviation 16) and 24% were female. Of gout patients, 15.3% & 9.7% had consulted for anxiety & depression respectively, this was in comparison with 14.2% & 9.5% of the controls. Adjusted cox regression analysis found no association between gout and time to consultation for anxiety (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.9, 1.2) or depression [0.88 (0.7, 1.1)] compared with controls. Across gout patients and matched controls, being younger and female was associated with a propensity to consult for anxiety & depression. With each year from first diagnosis (gout and controls), there was a trend of increasing consultation for anxiety. The presence of hypertension and alcoholism comorbidity was associated with an increased probability of consultation for anxiety & depression. Conclusion: Despite the psychological burden which gout may be expected to impart on patients, time to consultation for anxiety & depression in UK primary care was equivalent to matched controls. This may relate to the prolonged asymptomatic inter-critical period between gout attacks during which psychological burden may ease. However, as under-reporting of both anxiety & depression in primary care is common and the severity & disease characteristics of gout, anxiety & depression could not be established from medical records, further research considering these factors would be of benefit. Disclosure statement: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
|
2022-02-11T19:40:03.508Z
|
117,579,203 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.2974016",
"MAG": "2734905117",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This case focuses on the use and interpretation of the DuPont model financial ratios, in particular the following four: return on sales, asset turnover, financial leverage, and return on equity. Students consider how these ratios are used to assess a company's financial performance for a single year, over time, and in comparison with other companies within and outside the focal company's industry. They also learn how these ratios provide insight into a company's business model via the margins it is able to earn, the productivity with which it uses its assets, and the company's aggressiveness (or lack thereof) in using borrowed money to finance its operations.The case is rooted in the basic premise that “ROE is the ratio most commonly used to analyze profitability of a business” and it is “important to both current and prospective shareholders.” Furthermore, in the context of the DuPont model, the case positions ROE as the product of the other three ratios noted above. Thus, the protagonist in the case, Jill Keyes, has gravitated to the DuPont model. The case ends with a set of questions that Jill Keyes has left for her follow-up—these provide the basic assignment for students.
Excerpt
UVA-C-2313
Rev. Nov. 2, 2018
The Financial Cockpit: Three Levers and One Flight Plan
Jill Keyes, a nonfinancial product specialist at Craftsman Furniture, Inc. (CFI), was interested in selecting a handful of financial ratios that would enable her to quickly and insightfully highlight some of the fundamental differences among companies' financial results. She was wondering how CFI compared with other companies, and she was also interested in some initial financial screening that she could use to identify a handful of small, healthy companies with which CFI might want to partner in the future. Moreover, if the few select ratios she settled on also pointed to some of the fundamental differences among companies' business models, that would be even better. At that moment, she did not have the time to undertake an extensive, data-intensive statistical-modeling research study—she just wanted some basic insights that she could easily access and use to compare and contrast how companies generated returns for their shareholders.
She recalled from her college days learning about the DuPont financial ratios model in an introductory business course. She wondered if she could find her course notes and if those DuPont ratios would provide the succinct, provocative insights she was after. And wouldn't it be great if yearly amounts for those ratios were publicly available across a spectrum of companies?
Resurrecting the DuPont Model Ratios
. . .
|
2022-02-09T23:11:47.050Z
|
109,089,239 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/MSPEC.2012.6203953",
"MAG": "1997368038",
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},
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
China's first coal-gasification power plant starts operating amid high hopes, delays, and cost overruns - For more than three decades, gasification technology has promised a smarter conversion of coal to electricity. By using heat and pressure to turn coal's motley mix of molecules into a consistent stream of simple gases, gasification plants squeeze more power from a ton of coal and control the resulting by-products better. In April, engineers in Tianjin, China, fired up a gasification power plant that will provide a "critically important" test of the technology's commercial potential as a low-carbon power source, according to Julio Friedmann, who leads the carbon management program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California.
|
2022-02-10T06:37:50.889Z
|
245,567,086 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/BPO.0000000000002042",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background: Animal studies have shown evidence of neurotoxicity from inhalational anesthesia, yet clinical studies have been less conclusive. While ongoing studies investigate the clinical significance of anesthesia-associated neurodevelopmental changes in young children, reducing anesthetic exposure in pediatric orthopaedic surgery is prudent. The primary objective of this study is to determine if local anesthetic injection before surgical incision versus after surgical release decreased inhalational anesthetic exposure in children undergoing unilateral trigger thumb release. The secondary objectives were to determine if the timing of local anesthetic injection affected postoperative pain or length of stay. Methods: This was a single-center randomized controlled trial of pediatric patients (4 y and below) undergoing unilateral trigger thumb release. Subjects were randomized into preincision or postrelease local anesthesia injection groups. The surgeon was aware of the treatment group, while the anesthesiologist was blinded. Patient demographics, operative times, cumulative sevoflurane dose, and postoperative anesthesia care unit recovery characteristics were collected. The χ2, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted. Results: A total of 24 subjects were enrolled, with 13 randomized to the preincision injection group and 11 to the postprocedure injection group. There was no significant difference in age, sex, operative time, or tourniquet time between groups. There was a significant difference in the cumulative sevoflurane dose between the preincision injection group (23.2 vol%; interquartile range: 21.7 to 27.6) and the postprocedure injection group (28.1 vol%; interquartile range: 27 to 30) (P=0.03), with a 21% reduction in cumulative dose. There were no significant differences in postoperative pain scores, use of rescue pain medications, the incidence of nausea, or time to discharge between groups. Conclusions: Administering local anesthesia before incision versus at the end of the procedure significantly decreased cumulative sevoflurane dose for unilateral trigger thumb release. The results of this study suggest that local anesthetic injection before the incision is a low risk, easy method to reduce general anesthesia requirements during trigger thumb release and could decrease sevoflurane exposure more substantially in longer procedures and mitigate risks of neurotoxicity. Preincision injection with local anesthetic should be incorporated into routine clinical practice. Level of Evidence: Level I.
|
2022-03-19T05:00:36.871Z
|
57,365,530 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ICDM.2018.00155",
"MAG": "2907826357",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We present the Spatial Contextualization for Closed Itemset Mining (SCIM) algorithm, an approach that builds a space for the target database in such a way that relevant itemsets can be retrieved regarding the relative spatial location of their items. Our algorithm uses Dual Scaling to map the items of the database to a multidimensional space called Solution Space. The representation of the database in the Solution Space assists in the interpretation and definition of overlapping clusters of related items. Therefore, instead of using the minimum support threshold, a distance threshold is defined concerning the reference and the maximum distances computed per cluster during the mapping procedure. Closed itemsets are efficiently retrieved by a new procedure that uses an FP-Tree, a CFI-Tree and the proposed spatial contextualization. Experiments show that the mean all-confidence measure of itemsets retrieved by our technique outperforms results from state-of-the-art algorithms. Additionally, we use the Minimum Description Length (MDL) metric to verify how descriptive are the collections of mined patterns.
|
2022-08-20T09:45:26.115Z
|
235,560,782 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1121/10.0004304",
"MAG": "3159303262",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Interest in the response of highly reflecting objects in water to modulated acoustical radiation forces makes it appropriate to consider contributions to such forces from perfectly reflecting objects to provide insight into radiation forces. The acoustic illumination can have wavelengths much smaller than the object's size, and objects of interest may have complicated shapes. Here, the specular contribution to the oscillating radiation force on an infinite circular cylinder at normal incidence is considered for double-sideband-suppressed carrier-modulated acoustic illumination. The oscillatory magnitude of the specular force decreases monotonically with increasing modulation frequency, and the phase of the oscillating force depends on the relative phase of the sidebands. The phase dependence on the modulation frequency can be reduced with the appropriate selection of a sideband relative-phase parameter. That is a consequence of the significance of rays that are incident on the cylinder having small impact parameters that are nearly backscattered. For one choice of a relative sideband phase, a prior partial wave series (PWS) solution is available, which supports the specular analysis when the PWS is evaluated for a rigid cylinder. The importance of specular contributions for aluminum cylinders in water is noted. A specular analysis for an analogous spherical reflector is also summarized.
|
2022-09-04T15:48:59.872Z
|
57,673,225 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/TCS.1979.1084673",
"MAG": "2166130011",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Based on the results developed in Part I a strategy of test point location by which the parameters of an LSDS are made diagnosable in a generic sense, is developed. By appropriate test point placement, an LSDS is reduced to a canonical LSDS. Next, an algorithm for the synthesis of the test points required to make the parameters of the canonical LSDS sequentially linearly diagnosable in a generic sense, is given.
|
2022-02-11T17:52:44.578Z
|
27,459,122 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bjsm.12.2.107",
"MAG": "2049534321",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/12/2/107.full.pdf"
}
|
Regarding your review of Genetic and Anthropological Studies of Olympic Athletes by de Garay, Levine and Carter in B.J.S.M., Vol. 11, No. 3, September 1977, would like to clarify your comments about sickle cell disease. There is no surprise in finding negro athletes having the HbAS phenotype although it would be more correct to use the word genotype. The subject of sickle cell disease has caused much confusion but has been comprehensively and lucidly reviewed by Konotey-Anulu in Archives of Internal Medicine, April 1974, Volume 133 and this article has been reprinted in Medicine digest, June and July 1975.
|
2022-10-07T00:59:54.065Z
|
44,883,318 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb31490.x",
"MAG": "2033310112",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The electrophysiological characteristics of ion-permeability control in excitable membranes are becoming increasingly clear. However, the identification of the biochemical constituents involved remains relatively unexplored. Experiments designed to detect chemical changes in ionic channels and gates (the words are not intended to imply any particular mechanism) during excitation are difficult because the events are rapid and the number of sites involved, relative to total surface area, is very small. Electrophysiological studies have been greatly aided by the discovery of pharmacological agents, most notably tetrodotoxin and tetraethylammonium ion, that block either sodium or potassium channels with a very high degree of selectivity. The chemical interaction of these compounds with excitable membranes is, however, not well defined. Reagents that have equally good physiological selectivity, but that in addition are known to bind to membrane components in predictable ways, would therefore be of value in further analysis. We have initiated studies of nerve fibers modified by chemical reagents of known specificities for various reactive groups normally present in proteins and lipids. We have sought to correlate structural perturbations with changes in conductance parameters by means of the voltageclamp technique. Our experiments suggest that it is possible to identify and covalently modify particular groups at sites involved with either sodium or potassium permeation.
|
2022-09-08T11:35:17.100Z
|
8,867,984 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1112/jlms/jds001",
"MAG": "2156207596",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this work, we make an exhaustive study of the properties of the Green's function related to the periodic boundary value problem Lαx≡x″+a(t)x=0,x(0)=x(T),x′(0)=x′(T), with a sign‐changing potential a(t).
|
2022-12-28T18:52:36.880Z
|
19,771,637 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0963548300000158",
"MAG": "2001945363",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A deck of n cards is shuffled by repeatedly taking off the top m cards and inserting them in random positions. We give a closed form expression for the distribution after any number of steps. This is used to give the asymptotics of the approach to stationarity: for m fixed and n large, it takes shuffles to get close to random. The formulae lead to new subalgebras in the group algebra of the symmetric group.
|
2022-12-31T18:56:07.805Z
|
189,321,269 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4000/germanica.2279",
"MAG": "2799657277",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://journals.openedition.org/germanica/pdf/2279"
}
|
En 1958, l’ecrivain suisse Friedrich Durrenmatt a ecrit le scenario du thriller Es geschah am hellichten Tag (C’est arrive en plein jour). Ce film fut un grand succes. La meme annee, il a edite le scenario de texte pour son roman La Promesse – Requiem du roman policier. Ici, Durrenmatt a critique la banalisation du roman policier et – vu d’un peu plus pres – la narrativite, naive selon lui, telle qu’elle est appliquee a des versions cinematographiques. Le roman de Durrenmatt comme son scenario ont ete filmes a cinq reprises entre 1979 et 2001. De cette maniere, donc, le roman policier, dont Durrenmatt a ecrit le Requiem en 1958 devient un recidiviste cinematographique. C’est precisement cette sequence de differentes versions et interpretations, de diverses adaptations cinematographiques et « novellisations » qui rend le « cas Durrenmatt » aussi interessant pour la recherche sur l’adaptation. L’article aborde les questions suivantes : qu’est-ce que Durrenmatt ajoute a son propre scenario afin d’obtenir un roman ? Quelles formes prend l’intertextualite qui relie le script, le roman et les diverses adaptations ? Quels elements engendrent un lien textuel entre le film et le texte, c’est-a-dire depassent la transmission pour aboutir a la transformation de l’œuvre initiale ?
|
2022-02-08T09:54:50.589Z
|
115,311,501 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/10556799208230535",
"MAG": "2169316571",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract The irregular variability is one of the most important properties of young stellar objects and is of great interest since its understanding is the key to understanding the physics of young stars. The main question is: how to separate, in each concrete case, the different potentially important mechanisms of the variability, such as the variable circumstellar extinction, the flare (and chromospheric) activity, and the suppression of stellar photosphere by the formation of magnetic spots? We consider this question below in application to an interesting subclass of young stars, the stars with non-periodic Algol-type minima. The most important results of current investigations of these stars are discussed.
|
2022-06-01T10:12:41.303Z
|
234,317,256 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1051/EPJCONF/202124715006",
"MAG": "3133441424",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Multi-pass refueling scheme is a highlighted feature of pebble bed HTGR which spatially mixes the burnup calculation inside core. Such refueling scheme relate burnup calculation in one region of the core to others and thus affects the uncertainty propagation of nuclear data, e.g. fission product yield. In this work, thermal neutron induced U-235 fission product yield uncertainties are propagated in HTR-PM models with various refueling schemes in V.S.O.P. code. And the effect of multi-pass refueling scheme is studied. Bayesian method is applied to estimate the covariance of fission product yield based on ENDF/B-VII.1 fission yield sub-library. Uncertainty quantification is performed with stochastic sampling method and log-normal based correlated sampling method is used to generate reasonable and self-consistent fission product yield samples. The analyzed results indicate that multi-pass refueling scheme could affect the uncertainty propagation of reactor local responses.
|
2022-09-09T05:37:51.593Z
|
79,176,810 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5794/JJOMS.29.1901",
"MAG": "2507895078",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
血液透析療法は,主 として 腎不全 に よる 高窒素血症 (Azotemia)な らびに老廃物の代謝 ・浄化を,限 外濾過 圧および浸透圧を利用 して人工的に行 うものであ り,透 析液 と添加物 によ り調節 され る.本 法 の導入 ・普及 に よ り,慢 性腎不全患者の長期生存が可能 にな り,そ れに伴 って種 々の合併症が 報告 されている1~3).長期透析療法 による主な合併症 として,心 不全お よび肺水腫,高 カ リ ウム血症,高 血圧症,感 染症,貧 血4)の ほかに,脳 血管 障害,骨 代謝異常,消 化管合併症5),末 梢神経症6~8)が あ り,最 近低血圧症,脳 症お よび精 神障害9,10),喘 息, 浸透圧不均衡症候群,高 脂血症が注 目され,と くに頭頸 部領域では,聴 覚障害11),歯 牙お よび顎骨異常12~勒,顎 関節異常17,18),味 覚異常鼠9~21),口渇 があ りこれ ら合併 症に対す る検討が行われ,著 者 らも一連の報告を して き た22~25). 従来,血 液透析療法中患者 にみ られ る口渇に対す る概 念は,水 分 コン トロールに よるHypovolemia,塩 分蓄積 に よる高ナ トリウム血症お よび浸透圧の上昇に伴 うもの と解釈 されて きたが,Dry weightお よび,血 清 ナ トリ ウム代謝 コン トロール良好例 にも口渇例がみ られ,ま た 持続性に 口渇を訴え る患者 も多 くみ られるこ とよ り,長 期透析療法による唾液腺へ の障害が示唆され,本 症の唾 液腺 とくに分泌機能に対す る臨床的検討 を試みた. 本論文 の 目的 は,(1)口 渇(以 下 口渇 を含め 口腔乾 燥)の 疫学,(2)健 常者 と透析患者における唾液分泌量 および唾液成分,(3)1回 透析が唾液腺 に与 える影響, (4)長 期透析が唾液腺 に与え る影響 につ いて唾液分泌機 能検査を中心に検討 し,あ わせ(5)唾 液腺機能判定の 指 標とな りうるかを臨床的 に検討する ことであ る,
|
2022-09-10T04:03:04.717Z
|
111,015,918 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ISPSD.1997.601423",
"MAG": "2112535790",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
An overview of the status of SiC technology for power devices is discussed. 4H-SiC is the most desirable SiC polytype for power devices because of its superior electron transport properties. Micropipe defect densities in 4H-SiC have been dramatically reduced, with 0.8 cm/sup -2/ being demonstrated on a 35 mm wafer. Interface trap densities of 1/spl times/10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/ eV/sup -1/ at the oxide/SiC interface have been achieved, resulting in a high SiC NMOSFET channel mobility of 72 cm/sup 2//V-sec. Device lifetimes for SiC n-channel MOSFETs have are projected to be 5 years at 350/spl deg/C, and time dependent dielectric breakdown of oxides on p-type SiC have lifetimes >700 years at 2 MV/cm and 350/spl deg/C. Sheet resistivities of <10 k/spl Omega//sq. and p-type contact resistivities less than 10/sup -5/ /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ have been obtained using high temperature Al/sup +/ ion implantation, and the first SiC CMOS circuits have been demonstrated using this technology. Power MOSFETs in 4H-SiC have been demonstrated to have specific on-resistances lower than equivalent Si devices, and blocking voltages as high as 800 V have been achieved. The highest power devices to date are 4.2 kW, 700 V 4H-SiC npnp thyristors, and their speed is very high, with a t/sub rr/=105 nsecs and maximum operating frequency of 250 kHz.
|
2022-11-05T14:18:06.462Z
|
119,538,055 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00949650802338323",
"MAG": "1972277994",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Traditionally, using a control chart to monitor a process assumes that process observations are normally and independently distributed. In fact, for many processes, products are either connected or autocorrelated and, consequently, obtained observations are autocorrelative rather than independent. In this scenario, applying an independence assumption instead of autocorrelation for process monitoring is unsuitable. This study examines a generally weighted moving average (GWMA) with a time-varying control chart for monitoring the mean of a process based on autocorrelated observations from a first-order autoregressive process (AR(1)) with random error. Simulation is utilized to evaluate the average run length (ARL) of exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and GWMA control charts. Numerous comparisons of ARLs indicate that the GWMA control chart requires less time to detect various shifts at low levels of autocorrelation than those at high levels of autocorrelation. The GWMA control chart is more sensitive than the EWMA control chart for detecting small shifts in a process mean.
|
2022-12-02T19:31:03.099Z
|
56,162,735 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S1743923X08000184",
"MAG": "2159233545",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Economic, cultural, and political opportunity structures have been separately shown to facilitate and constrain abortion rights. We examine two central and related questions: First, which factors explain liberalization of different types of abortion laws? Second, which factor or set of factors is the most important in explaining abortion laws? The cross-national literature suggests a three-pronged explanation for the existence of abortion rights, including politics, economics, and culture. We parse these out into the structural and empowerment components of each, and posit a theory of rights in which empowerment factors are at least as important, if not more important, for explaining change than structural factors. To test this, we examine the impact of these components on the liberalization of abortion rights globally utilizing a distributed lag model. We find that an empowerment approach explains the liberalization of abortion laws better than a structural approach in terms of politics, but that a structural approach is a better predictor in terms of culture, and that both empowerment and structural factors are important predictors when economic factors are taken into account. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for understanding policy change and human rights on a global scale.
|
2022-12-16T02:22:29.603Z
|
32,265,641 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/00006231-198701000-00002",
"MAG": "1991900359",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The influence of zooming on centre-of-rotation (COR) of the rotating camera-based SPECT system and on the resolution of tomographic images was investigated. COR values were measured as a function of zoom factor varying from x1.0 to x3.0. Measurements were performed using two SPECT systems collimated with three collimators. In this study, the COR was observed to shift linearly with zoom factor. The influence of zooming on COR depends on the location and the deviation of the COR from the axis-of-rotation (AOR). We recommend that the deviation of the COR from the AOR be kept to within 0.4 pixels corresponding to 2.4 mm. Unlike zooming, the magnitude of COR shift is uncorrelated to the type of collimator used. Contrast and spatial resolution variations of the tomographic images were quantitated as a function of COR shift for clinical data acquired using no zoom factor and a zoom factor of 2.50. The resolution indices were observed to be more sensitive to COR shift for clinical data acquired using no zoom factor. The sensitivity appeared to be inversely dependent on the zoom factor utilized. However, zooming was found not to preserve the same resolution degradation. Optimum resolution images can be reconstructed by requiring the COR be determined and clinical study be acquired using the same zoom factor and collimator. For qualitative evaluation of tomographic images, the zoom factor requirement can be removed provided that the deviation of the COR from the AOR is within the recommended limit. This limit allows for a maximum spatial resolution degradation of 5%. Based on the information extracted, three alternative methods have been suggested to alleviate the influence of zooming on COR. These methods can be easily incorporated in the SPECT quality control procedures.
|
2022-12-16T14:47:15.044Z
|
198,385,266 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/01457632.2019.1640458",
"MAG": "2954011810",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/68803/1/Accepted_manuscript.pdf"
}
|
Abstract Hot-spots are a common occurrence in power electronics which become increasingly hotter as chips become denser. Novel cooling technologies are emerging to cope with this increasing heat load, which imbed a condenser to supply cooling drops to the evaporator resting on the hot-spots. Nonetheless, the evaporation process of the drops has been overlooked. Here, we conducted a series of experiments to understand how the evaporation and motion of drops are influenced by the wetting mode of rough hot-spots. We fabricated three different surfaces exhibiting full (Wenzel) or partial (Cassie–Baxter) wetting and the hot-spot is imposed by laser irradiation. We report a direct link between drop motion and wetting mode with the partial wetting drops being highly mobile, attributable to lower pinning energy based on an energy analysis. This study provides a framework for future modifications in hot-spot cooling to account for drop motion which should greatly influence the overall heat removal performance.
|
2022-12-17T23:48:25.414Z
|
143,075,867 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1300/J016V28N02_03",
"MAG": "1752447506",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract This study examined leisure occupations and successful aging in a sample of older adults with arthritis. A phenomenological qualitative method was used in which data was gathered using an interview guide. The findings revealed three patterns of lived experiences: Continuing to Enjoy Lifelong Occupations, Distraction from the Pain, and Leisure Occupations for Successful Aging. These patterns indicated the benefits of engaging in leisure occupations and their relationship to successful aging. The study found that leisure occupations contribute to successful aging and contentment with life; leisure occupations provide meaning and purpose to life and support successful aging.
|
2022-12-18T12:21:59.676Z
|
85,209,660 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1653/024.093.0209",
"MAG": "2062770849",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1653/024.093.0209"
}
|
ABSTRACT Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important agricultural pest worldwide. The pest is a species complex composed of numerous biotypes, among which biotypes B and Q are the 2 most invasive and widely distributed. Our previous study found that the ratio of the biotype Q has been increasing and displacement of biotypes B by Q has been occurring on cotton and eggplant in Shandong Province of China during the past several years. To determine whether biotype Q has been increasing on other hosts and possible displacement of biotypes has been occurring in the province as a whole, we further surveyed B. tabaci biotypes B and Q on cultivated and wild host species near cotton or eggplant fields in 7 locations of Shandong Province during 2005–2008 with cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) of the mtCOI (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I) marker. This research showed biotype Q has been increasing on all kinds of host plants and the displacement of biotypes B by Q has been occurring in the province as a whole. The displacement mechanism should be further researched and such knowledge might guide the application of the insecticides or adjustment of the crops to effectively control the pest.
|
2022-12-19T00:36:00.099Z
|
213,977,290 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.35233/oyea.659740",
"MAG": "3002000795",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/939543"
}
|
Okudugunu anlama her ne kadar Turkce dersine ozgu gelistirilmesi gereken bir beceri olarak kabul edilse de okuma bir “ara disiplin becerisi” olup diger derslerde de gelistirilmesi beklenen bir beceridir ve arastirmalar okuma becerisine sahip olmayan ogrencilerin diger derslerde de basarili olamayacagini ortaya koymustur. Arastirmada 2019-2020 doneminde ortaokullarda okutulan 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sinif Turkce ders kitaplarindaki okudugunu anlama sorulari PISA’da yer alan okuma yeterlilik duzeylerine gore incelemeye alinmistir. Ders kitaplarindaki okudugunu anlama sorulari 2015 ve 2018 PISA okuma yeterlik duzeylerinde verilen 8 duzey uzerinden incelenmistir. Arastirma sonucuna gore ders kitaplarindaki sorularin %37’sinin 1b, %18.9’unun 1a, %20’sinin 2. duzey, %10’unun 3. duzey, %4.9’unun 4. duzey, %1’inin 5. duzey ve %0.1’inin 6. duzeyde oldugu tespit edilmistir. Turkce ders kitaplarindaki okudugunu anlama sorularinin en cok 1b, 1a ve 2 duzeylerinde yogunlastigi ve bu sonuclarin da PISA’da cikan sonuclar ile uyumlu olmasi dikkat cekicidir. Arastirmada Turkce ders kitaplarindaki okudugunu anlama sorularinin bilgi duzeyinden cikarak bilgiyi gunluk hayatta kullandirmaya sevk edecek ust duzey dusunme becerilerinin ise kosulacagi soru tiplerinden olusturulmasi onerilmistir.
|
2023-01-01T17:35:54.237Z
|
163,385,175 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4000/cal.6605",
"MAG": "2461304758",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.4000/cal.6605"
}
|
New York : les Twin Towers du World Trade Center, avant le 11 septembre 2001. Cliche : Danielle Musset. Les attentats qui ont provoque la destruction des deux tours du World Trade Center de New York, le 11 septembre 2001, ont bouleverse le monde et en particulier le continent americain, trop facilement convaincu de se trouver a l’abri des convulsions qui, depuis la premiere guerre mondiale, agitent le reste de la planete. Nous avons tous ete frappes de stupeur et d’effroi, en voyant les deux...
|
2022-02-08T21:16:18.398Z
|
7,088,123 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1063/1.4854476",
"MAG": "1977114133",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A symmetric modulation methodology is proposed to combine robust control of external disturbance, rapid response to steep sidewalls with the high speed of a traditional scanning tunneling microscopy. The 1400 × 200 μm(2) topography of a comb-like steep sidewalls micro-structure with the depth of 23 μm was acquired at a high scanning speed of 120 μms(-1) and the detectable slope angle is up to 85°. The total measuring time was only 17 min. In addition, a 4 × 4 mm(2) aluminum dual-sinusoidal array has been successfully measured with a scanning speed up to 500 μms(-1). It improved the performance of the normal scanning tunneling microscope and enables efficient and stable measurement of large-area complex micro-structures, and thus can be introduced to engineering applications.
|
2022-02-13T09:22:41.198Z
|
121,871,716 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.52.279",
"MAG": "2035818269",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In constrast to one-dimensional solutions, which are always transversely unstable, completely stable spherically symmetric Langmuir solitons exist. The stability theorem is presented and the existence region of stable three-dimensional solitons is discussed.
|
2022-07-31T07:04:17.767Z
|
252,030,951 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.35969/dirgamaya.v2i2.240",
"MAG": null,
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},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://e-journal.rosma.ac.id/index.php/dirgamaya/article/download/240/196"
}
|
Perekonomian di Rengas Dengklok banyak ditunjang oleh sektor perdagangan, yang dimana salah satunya adalah meperdagangkan koneksi internet seabagai mata pencaharian penghidupan sehari-harinya. Berdasarkan observasi di Desa Sampalan, para pelaku usaha menggunakan koneksi internet dari ISP Oleh sebab itu dilakukan penelitian untuk analisis, merancang dan mengimplementasikan rt/rw.net dengan koneksi internet yang akan digunakan oleh pelaku usaha e-Commerce di desa Sampalan. Implementasi jaringan komputer NAORA.NET sebagai rt/rw.net untuk mendukung e-Commerce menjadi salah dalam menjalankan usaha bagi pebisnis online di desa Sampalan Rengas Dengklok.
|
2022-09-09T04:42:45.643Z
|
239,635,630 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.51891/rease.v7i8.2024",
"MAG": "3197431912",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://periodicorease.pro.br/rease/article/download/2024/831"
}
|
O ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) tem como principal função evitar a anteriorização da tíbia em relação ao fêmur nos exercícios de cadeia aberta. O objetivo desse estudo foi o de comparar os efeitos dos exercícios de cadeia aberta e fechada no pós-operatório de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, com 7 artigos contidos nos resultados, tendo como base de dados: Scielo, PubMed, PEDro e Bireme. Teve-se como mais importante critério de inclusão pacientes que utilizaram as cadeias cinéticas aberta e fechada como base de tratamento. Os exercícios realizados em cadeia cinética fechada (CCF) alcançaram maiores resultados em quase todas as variáveis quando comparados com exercícios em cadeia cinética aberta (CCA). Na reabilitação do pós-operatório de LCA, os efeitos dos exercícios em CCF são mais satisfatórios no que diz respeito ao alívio da dor, ganho de ADM, melhora da função e principalmente na proteção e preservação do neoligamento.
|
2022-11-06T16:00:20.381Z
|
37,498,217 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1364/OE.14.012217",
"MAG": "1989206801",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We report the investigation of Foerster's Resonance Energy Transfer dynamics in GFP based tandem constructs in living T-cells using a combination of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) and Fluorescence Lifetime Micro-Spectroscopy (FLMS) at picosecond time resolution and nanometer spectral resolution. The involvement of multiple lifetimes of CFP in energy transfer was analyzed by plotting pre-exponential factors of individual lifetimes along the wavelength resulting in the Decay Associated Spectra (DAS). A change in the amplitude of pre-exponential factors from positive to negative at the acceptor emission maxima was used as a confirmation of FRET in the multiexponential lifetime analysis.
|
2022-11-30T16:48:36.532Z
|
195,327,557 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4081/ejh.2019.3030",
"MAG": "2955914558",
"PubMedCentral": "6603293"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://ejh.it/index.php/ejh/article/download/3030/2899"
}
|
Mucins are of great interest in intestinal research and histochemical methods are often employed to identify them. Since it is in the nature of mucins that they are “hard to hold onto” once they come into contact with water, a frequently used medium in histochemistry, there are a number of challenges that may decrease diagnostic accuracy. As the outcome of methods published for microscopic detection of mucosubstances proved to be unsatisfactory in our hands, the aim was the establishment of a reliable and reproducible protocol. Tissue samples were available from pig feeding experiments. In the present study, we focus on a fixation / staining procedure without making comparisons between differently fed pigs. Several fixation and staining procedures were evaluated for their use in semiautomatic quantification and quality assessment of different mucus fractions simultaneous on one tissue section. Cryostat sectioning, subsequent fixation steps with heat, ethanol and modified Bouin’s solution, followed by triple staining with high iron diamine, alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff turned out to be the best method to identify sulfomucin, sialomucin and neutral mucin simultaneous on one tissue section. This methodology resulted in very good morphology of goblet cells with intact mucin containing vesicles within the cells, which was comparable to ultrastructural electron microscopical observations. Semiautomatic quantification of different mucins was possible. In conclusion, reliable mucus quantification and assessment of mucus quality requires strictly tested procedures. According to our experience, the most important aim after cryosectioning is fast fixation of the mucosubstances, which requires a combination of different fixation steps.
|
2022-12-03T20:36:37.422Z
|
235,783,938 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.3875108",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The present paper analyzes the role of intellectual property protection vis-à-vis the fashion industry. The Piracy Paradox coined by law professors Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman in the United States has led to imitation becoming an inescapable reality for designers all around the world on the astonishing pretext that is “imitation sparks innovation.” Presenting a critique of the Paradox in the Indian scenario in Part 1 of the paper, the author stresses upon the need for securing proper laws to protect the heart of the fashion industry, that is original artistic expressions. In Part 2 of the paper, whilst examining judicial decisions in India, the author argues that the present laws are riddled with loopholes that have resulted in a proliferation of cheap knock-offs that not only hamper the creative process of a brand, but negatively impact its exclusive reputation as well as its revenue. The infamous idea presented by the Piracy Paradox coupled with a lacunae in the laws have cost not only big fashion brands and designers but also disrupted the emergence of businesses in the nascent stages. To conclude, solutions have been proposed to dismantle the notion propounded by the Piracy Paradox and strengthen the laws in place to ensure fair and just competition in the economy.
|
2022-12-16T10:03:23.651Z
|
210,569,071 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.31577/cas.2018.01.519",
"MAG": "2978291961",
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},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.31577/cas.2018.01.519"
}
|
: Background: The current research literature confirms the link between poverty and psychological characteristics of an individual (Miech, Caspi, Moffitt, Wright, & Silva, 1999). Loix and Pepermans (2009) report criminal behaviour, addiction, low self-esteem, aggression, depression, and suicidal tendencies as subjectively perceived consequences of poverty. Research by Tremblay (2000) and Ezeokana, Obi-Nwos, and Okoye (2014) focused on low-income families has confirmed that long-term poverty is a predictor of physical violence and aggression in children. The relationship between poverty and selected characteristics has been investigated, however, research regarding the moderating effect of poverty on aggression and self-esteem is absent. Research goal: The presented study had two objectives - to verify whether there is a difference between the poor and non-poor people in self-esteem and aggression; and to verify if poverty moderates the relationship between self-esteem and aggression. The study hypothesize that people included in the group of poor will experience lower self-esteem and higher aggression compared to the group of non-poor, and additionally that poverty will moderate the link between self-esteem and aggression. Method: The research sample consisted of 86 employed persons (48 women). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) aged between 25 and 59 (M = 33.58 SD = 8.10); and (2) a permanent monthly income. The income was dichotomised, and people with up to 400€ per month were assigned to the group of poor (N =
|
2022-12-16T20:55:02.121Z
|
76,170,067 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2740/JISDH.8.2_30",
"MAG": "2315483445",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
To know the popularization of Japanese foods at American's home, a survey was performed in 1993 at eleven supermarkets selling Japanese foods in four cities, Ithaca, Syracuse, Rochester and Buffalo of NY State, USA.A quetionarire survey was perfomed on 128 American who live in Ithaca and the suburbs thereof.The quetionarires are the impression of Japanese foods, how to cook those foods and the experience of intaking.The 128 Americans are 37 males and 91 females of whom being 87 caucasian (67.9%) and 28 ethnic origins (20.3%), aged from 20 to 59 and 31.4 in average.The most Japanese foods selling at those supermarkets are instant Ramen (IR), Syo-yu (soybean sauce), Tofu (soybean cake), rice (medium grain rice) and imitation crab fish (IC).The production and consumption of those foods have begun increasing in 1970 in USA.The result of the quetionaires is that 80% of the respondents have intaken Syoyu, Tofu, rice and IR, and 52.1% have intaken IC. Middleaged people are more fond of those foods than younger people.They have used Syoyu, as a variety of sauce salad dressing and sauce for stir fry and used Tofu as material of stir fry, salad, soup, sandwich and cakes. It is interesting that they cook or prepare tofu as different dishes from the Japanese. IC is used in salad as sea foods.The main impressions on Japanese foods are “healthy”, “beautiful”, “tasty” and “expensive” .Japanese foods seem to enjoy a good impression in general.From the survey it is suggested that the effect of the popularization of macrobiotic among caucasian people and popularizing activity of Japanese American religion groups should be added to the reasons for the populerization of Japanese foods at American's home.
|
2022-06-05T08:17:31.914Z
|
29,250,404 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0003702816629686",
"MAG": "2266200853",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Explosives detection is carried out with a novel spectral analysis technique referred to as differential laser-induced perturbation spectroscopy (DLIPS) on thin films of TNT, RDX, HMX, and PETN. The utility of Raman spectroscopy for detection of explosives is enhanced by inducing deep ultraviolet laser perturbation on molecular structures in combination with a differential Raman sensing scheme. Principal components analysis (PCA) is used to quantify the DLIPS method as benchmarked against a traditional Raman scattering probe, and the related photo-induced effects on the molecular structure of the targeted explosives are discussed in detail. Finally, unique detection is observed with TNT samples deposited on commonly available background substrates of nylon and polyester. Overall, the data support DLIPS as a noninvasive method that is promising for screening explosives in real-world environments and backgrounds.
|
2022-07-21T15:05:42.541Z
|
27,522,390 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb123051.x",
"MAG": "2959736415",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
D uring the summer of 1983-1984, an epidemic of infection with a human arbovirus which was probably the largest in Australian history occurred in Eastern Australia. Epidemic polyarthritis (EPA) is now known to be caused by the Ross River virus a member of the alphavirus group of togaviruses which is transmitted by mosquitoes and has been the subject of research for over 50 years. Whether this epidemic was larger than the 1956 epidemic will never be known. Certainly it received much greater attention from the media, the general practitioners involved, and, as the article by Hawkes et al. (page 330) shows, by researchers interested in this illness. EPA in Australia has become the most common viral pathogen of humans after the viruses that infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Like these other infectious diseases of viral origin, EPA is a community disease, whose clinical features have been clarified by surveys of patients in the community. 1 The full story of the survival of the Ross River virus in nature its natural history requires the team effort of virologists, infectious disease specialists and other laboratory scientists, together with general practitioners, to detect the virus' presence both during and between epidemics. Hawkes et al. have illustrated this by emphasizing the importance of laboratory assistance in the prediction of the occurrence of the disease. In an earlier report," they accurately predicted this epidemic (although not its timing) by describing susceptible populations in New South Wales from measurements of herd immunity by means of antibody estimations on blood samples from donor banks. They showed the usefulness of humans as sentinel animals for the detection of arbovirus epidemics, and the potential of this strategy in preventing the disease. A similar strategy for epidemics of influenza has been developed by Gill and Murphy from longitudinal studies of patients in general practice. J Other species have been used as sentinel herds for arbovirus disease in the past, particularly cattle and birds. Sentinel flocks of domestic fowls are used in the Arbovirus Surveillance Programme that is jointly sponsored by the Victorian and New South Wales Health Departments, predominantly for the detection of the more sinister flavivirus group of arboviruses which are known to cause fatal encephalitis in humans. The study by Hawkes et aI. adds another dimension to our knowledge. The costing of the epidemic that they have described in New South Wales has been carried out more thoroughly than before; the authors suggest a figure of $3 million. This is at best an estimate, as the authors admit, but a cost of this order is of serious concern and practical preventive measures become a priority. What can be done to protect our patients? In addition to predicting at-risk patient groups (those with low herd immunity in various sensitive geographical areas), our knowledge of the survival of the virus in nature, and the factors which cause periodic epidemics, allow reasonable advice on prevention to be given to patients. An exposure to the mosquito vector, the time of year (summer and autumn), the time of day (evening and night) and an increased number of mosquitoes as a result of heavy rain or flooding, are all factors which increase a patient's risk of EPA. As has been shown for other mosquito-borne diseases in the world, mosquito repellents and protective clothing, if properly used, could reduce the incidence of the disease greatly. A public health campaign combined with patient education by general practitioners would promote those measures at appropriate times. The formation of advisory committees in each state, responsible to the State Departments of Health, has been recommended by the National Health and Medical Research Council and could greatly assist the coordination of such a campaign. For the future, the possibility of the development of a vaccine against Ross River virus becomes more likely to be cost-effective once recombinant technology costs are lowered. There is now a yardstick for cost measurement $3 million for an epidemic! PETER R. MUDGE Senior Lecturer Department of Community Health University of Tasmania
|
2022-12-09T04:02:53.764Z
|
136,810,258 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1115/IJTC2010-41284",
"MAG": "2071105173",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In the present investigation, various kinds of textures (undirectional, 8-ground, and random,) were attained on a set of steel plate surfaces. The roughness of the textures was varied using different grits of emery papers or polishing powders. Pins made of pure magnesium were then slid against the steel plates at various numbers of cycles (1, 2, 6, 10 and 20) using an inclined pin-on-plate sliding apparatus. In the experiments, it was observed that the coefficient of friction and the formation of a transfer layer depended on the die surface textures under both dry and lubricated conditions. The coefficient of friction increased with number of cycles under dry conditions for all of the textures studied. Under lubricated conditions, however, the coefficient of friction decreased for unidirectional and 8-ground surfaces and increased for random surfaces with the number of cycles. A stick-slip phenomenon was observed under both dry and lubricated conditions. Occurrence of the stick slip behavior depended on the surface texture, the load and the number of cycles. The variation in the coefficient of friction under both dry and lubrication conditions was attributed to changes in the texture of the surfaces during sliding.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
|
2022-12-15T09:40:51.390Z
|
72,252,952 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/NEUONC/NOU174.386",
"MAG": "2032491444",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
BACKGROUND: Current treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) in the elderly population includes surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy, however the optimal management of disease remains a matter of debate. Both standard and hypofractionated RT in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) have been employed with reported survival benefit; however, aggressive treatments in this population may be associated with high risks of neurological toxicity. We have compared the efficacy of concomitant and adjuvant TMZ in combination with standard RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) or short-term RT (40 Gy in 15 fractions) in patients aged 70 years and older with a newly diagnosed GBM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-five consecutive patients ≥ 70 years old with a newly diagnosed GBM were treated with standard RT plus TMZ at the dose of 75 mg/m2 per day followed by adjuvant TMZ (150-200 mg/m2 for 5 days during each 28-day cycle) up to 12 cycles. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicity were evaluated and compared with the results observed in a prospective trial of elderly patients with GBM treated with an abbreviated course of RT. RESULTS: Median OS was 12 months in patients treated with standard chemoradiation and 12.4 months in those treated with short-term RT plus TMZ (p= 0.2), and respective 1-year survival rates were 50% and 58%. The median and 1-year PFS rates were 6 months and 23% in standard RT plus TMZ group and 6 months and 20% in short-term RT plus TMZ group, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 hemathological toxicity was similar in both groups. Neurological grade 2/3 toxicity occurred in 35% of patients treated with standard RT/TMZ and 10% of those treated with short-term RT/TMZ. MGMT promoter methylation was associated with longer survival in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of an abbreviated course of RT plus concomitant and adjuvant TMZ is associated with similar survival benefit as for standard chemoradiation, although with potential lower risks of neurological deterioration. Future randomized studies need to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different schedules of RT in association with chemotherapy.
|
2022-12-19T12:08:52.131Z
|
222,377,601 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2307/3469732",
"MAG": "2334140157",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
weekday evening one's first impression is noise. Hard rock competes with conversation punctuated by occasional shouts and gusts of laughter. After one's eyes adapt to the smoky air comes the second impression-color. The exposed overhead pipes are bright red, the walls yellow, the support beams green. There are splashes of purple, electric blue, shocking pink in the psychedelic murals and posters. As individual people come into focus, they all appear young, their dress casual in the extreme. It looks like a casting call for an amateur production of Hair. This is the waiting room of the Pittsburgh Free Clinic. Furnishings are cracked leather couches supported by stacks of bricks instead of legs, thrift shop rejects, with a church pew here and there. On one side of the room there are a record player, a magazine box, a brick-and-raw-lumber bookcase with used volumes, a Coke machine, and a table with the makings of instant coffee, tea, cocoa, and soup. Other bookcases hold the minutes of previous board meetings, health-related pamphlets, and news of the clinic in mimeographed form. There is also literature about venereal disease, family planning, abortion, and drug abuse, published by Blue Cross, health departments, and drug companies. A birth control handbook gives accurate and complete information about anatomy, physiology, and family planning methods. It contains, as well, sections on the political issues surrounding such topics-all in the style of the underground press. The two desks are manned by people who look and dress like all of the others sitting, standing, moving, and occasionally breaking into dance. Posters and signs cover the walls. Some advertise rock concerts, lectures on macrobiotics, art shows, women's liberation activities, sources of legal help. The antiwar theme is well represented and the antidrug, pro-mental-health message is carried by signs: "Still shooting dope? Stop living like a dead man" (pencilled in, "or woman"), "Call Alpha House," or "Hepatitis is a bad trip ... If you think you have it or have been exposed to it, call for free blood tests." Other posters relate directly to the clinic. Two list the standard local prices for routine tests, medications, and services, and the cost of same services at the clinic. Another, by the door, reads "All donations appreciated; we need the bread." One, obviously handmade ith a Magic Marker, lists the services offered. They include medical, gynecological, and dermatology care; nutrition; legal, personal, birth control, pregnancy, and venereal disease counseling. A cafeteria foodlist board announces the date of the next board meeting and urges everyone interested to attend. Give or take a few details, this is a typical scene in any free clinic in the United States. There are now about 200 of them treating over 2,000,000 people a year in storefronts, walk-ups, fire-gutted taverns, church basements, or wherever the space is cheap or free and convenient(l). This ease of access is crucial, because those who have adopted the hip life style can be as physically, economically, and psychologically barred from conventional sources of health care as members of any other minority or subculture in the country. Emergency rooms and outpatient clinics of large public hospitals and health departments are frequently far from the hip or student neighborhoods. Transportation is likely to be unavailable or prohibitively timeconsuming, hours of operation to be inconvenient. The wait can be long, the red tape longer, and secrecy, anonymity, or human dignity not considered. And the attitudes of clinic personnel can constitute a formidable barrier. We hear many accounts of humiliation and cruelty. To a runaway teenager with a venereal disease and a drug problem, an agency that aggressively pushes a thorough investigation of his sexual contacts can be threatening enough to make him put off treatment dangerously long. People who have venereal disease are asked to bring in their contacts for treatment or to refer them to the health department. If they do not bring their contacts in within two weeks, contacts' names are given to the health department and a social worker is assigned to locate them. Even young people who still live at home, though more or less alienated from their families and straight society, cannot use conventional me ical care for certain of their needs. Can you imagine the average middle-class, fourteen-year-old girl going to her pediatrician or her mother's gynecologist for an intrauterine device or a pregnancy test? MADALON M. AMENTA (B.A. Tufts University, Boston, Mass.; M.N., Yale University, New Haven, Conn.; M.P.H., University of Pittsburgh, Pa.), a doctoral student at the University of Pittsburgh, was formerly an instructor at that university. She acknowledges the special help of Kathy Chajkowski, Mary Curtiss, and Miriam Winikoff in sharing their thoughts and feelings about their experience in the Pittsburgh Free Clinic.
|
2022-01-27T12:09:48.575Z
|