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255M
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117,249,900 |
{
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"DOI": "10.13182/NSE97-A24265",
"MAG": "74800202",
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|
A new importance map approach for Monte Carlo simulation that can be used in an adaptive fashion has been identified and developed. It is based on using a mesh-based system of weight windows that are independent of any physical geometric cells. It consists of an importance map generator and a splitting and Russian roulette algorithm for a mesh-based weight windows game that is used in an iterative fashion to obtain increasingly efficient results. The general purpose Monte Carlo code MCNP is modified to incorporate this new mesh-based importance map generator and matching weight window technique for variance reduction. Two nuclear well logging problems- one for neutrons and the other for gamma rays- are used to test the new importance map generator. Results show that the new generator is able to produce four to six times larger figures of merit than MCNP's physical geometry cell-based importance map generator. More importantly, the superior user friendliness of this new mesh-based generator makes variance reduction easy to accomplish.
|
2022-12-20T09:05:02.377Z
|
22,712,353 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
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"DOI": "10.1208/s12249-017-0793-2",
"MAG": "2735099231",
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|
Formulation effects on the entrapment of beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) in liposomes generated by hydration of proliposomes were studied, using the high-density dispersion medium deuterium oxide in comparison to deionized water (DW). Proliposomes incorporating BDP (2 mol% of the lipid phase consisting of soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and cholesterol; 1:1) were manufactured, using lactose monohydrate (LMH), sorbitol or d-mannitol as carbohydrate carriers (1:5 w/w lipid to carrier). Following hydration of proliposomes, separation of BDP-entrapped liposomes from the unentrapped (free) BDP at an optimized centrifugation duration of 90 min and a centrifugation force of 15,500g were identified. The dispersion medium was found to have a major influence on separation of BDP-entrapped liposomes from the unentrapped drug. Entrapment efficiency values were higher than 95% as estimated when DW was used. By contrast, the entrapment efficiency was 19.69 ± 5.88, 28.78 ± 4.69 and 34.84 ± 3.62% upon using D2O as a dispersion medium (for LMH-, sorbitol- and d-mannitol-based proliposomes, respectively). The similarity in size of liposomes and BDP crystals was found to be responsible for co-sedimentation of liposomes and free BDP crystals upon centrifugation in DW, giving rise to the falsely high entrapment values estimated. This was remedied by the use of D2O as confirmed by light microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and entrapment studies. This study showed that carrier type has a significant influence on the entrapment of BDP in liposomes generated from proliposomes, and using D2O is essential for accurate determination of steroid entrapment in the vesicles.
|
2022-12-22T15:53:33.696Z
|
238,034,487 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.26904/rf-135-1214057746",
"MAG": "3174242023",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://www.pmn.net/wp-content/uploads/Using-Circles-to-Tell-the-Performance-Story.pdf"
}
|
Research funding bodies, and society in general, have high expectations for research to contribute solutions that have positive societal and environmental impact. This desire to increase societal benefits has prompted an evolution in how research is conducted, and a corresponding need for appropriate research evaluation tools and approaches. The Sustainability Research Effectiveness Program, led by Professor Brian Belcher at Royal Roads University, has responded to this need by developing a Transdisciplinary Research Quality Assessment Framework to evaluate research design and implementation and a theory-based evaluation approach to assess research contributions to outcomes and impacts.
|
2022-01-27T19:41:52.405Z
|
1,151,247 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb56883.x",
"MAG": "1994150420",
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},
"license": null,
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|
A laboratory can be somewhat loosely defined as "a building or part of a building equipped to conduct scientific experiments, tests, investigations, etc., or to manufacture chemicals, medicines, or the like."' All those employed at such premises are considered for the purposes of this paper as laboratory workers. During the last decades laboratory workers have become a subject of concern for occupational health services due to their probable, but rather poorly documented, association with the excessive development of various malignanciesz4 and adverse reproductive outcome^.^-^ Media interest in alleged clusters of such events in specific institutions contributed significantly to the wide public interest in the subject. While studies on the mortality of laboratory workers and related occupational groups are scarce and not always consistent, investigations of the health status of these populations are almost nonexistent. As a matter of fact, up to now no answer exists as to whether laboratory work affects the health conditions of those engaged in it. This great gray area in occupational health reflects the real-life situations, whereas any epidemiological study of the probable relationships between laboratory work and its potential health effects has to deal with a number of common methodological obstacles, intrinsic to the virtuality of laboratory work. Among these obstacles are:
|
2022-02-13T14:47:39.252Z
|
229,542,897 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.51667/cjmpm.v1i1.131",
"MAG": "3106904444",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract
This paper is intended to describe the musical mastery of church musicians or worship attendants. The accompanist who truly mastered the technique or pattern of accompanying songs in congregational worship and integrating with the musical instruments used is a beautiful harmony for church singing. This paper uses a descriptive method that is a research method aimed at phenomena that exist today or in the past, and this descriptive method by looking at the reality that occurs in a church caused by a musician. (1) Lack of insight in song mastery, (2) Lack of insight in using appropriate accompaniment patterns, (3) Lack of practice before meeting in worshiping, (4) Lack of relationships and communication between religious leaders and musicians.
|
2022-02-19T16:43:17.729Z
|
91,262,754 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1101/553560",
"MAG": "2914955048",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11271-0.pdf"
}
|
Thousands of genetic variants have been associated with human disease risk, but linkage disequilibrium (LD) hinders fine-mapping the causal variants. We show that stepwise regression, and, to a lesser extent, stochastic search fine mapping can mis-identify as causal, SNPs which jointly tag distinct causal variants. Frequent sharing of causal variants between immune-mediated diseases (IMD) motivated us to develop a computationally efficient multinomial fine-mapping (MFM) approach that borrows information between diseases in a Bayesian framework. We show that MFM has greater accuracy than single disease analysis when shared causal variants exist, and negligible loss of precision otherwise. Applying MFM to data from six IMD revealed causal variants undetected in individual disease analysis, including in IL2RA where we confirm functional effects of multiple causal variants using allele-specific expression in sorted CD4+ T cells from genotype-selected individuals. MFM has the potential to increase fine-mapping resolution in related diseases enabling the identification of associated cellular and molecular phenotypes.
|
2022-09-05T16:47:22.015Z
|
196,589,201 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1051/MEDSCI/20143011015",
"MAG": "1979262595",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Depuis notre etude seminale en 2003, beaucoup a ete ecrit sur la voie classique de signalisation de la polarite planaire cellulaire (core planar cell polarity, PCP) et l’oreille interne. En seulement quelques annees, et en utilisant l’oreille interne comme modele d’etude, notre comprehension des bases moleculaires de cette voie de signalisation et de son influence sur le developpement des tissus chez les mammiferes a considerablement augmente. Recemment, un certain nombre d’etudes utilisant divers modeles de developpement animal ont mis a jour des liens originaux entre le cil et la PCP. De plus, l’etude des cellules cilies de l’organe de l’audition a de nouveau permis d’elucider, au moins partiellement, un de ces liens. Dans cette revue, nous presenterons les differents mecanismes et roles de la voie de signalisation de la PCP chez les mammiferes et les invertebres. A la lumiere des resultats recents, nous synthetiserons les connaissances actuelles sur la PCP dans le developpement d’un epithelium de mammifere, l’organe de Corti ou organe de l’audition, et nous discuterons l’impact de ces donnees. Nous focaliserons notre attention sur les relations entre les complexes de polarite asymetriques et la position du cil. Cette derniere s’avere essentielle a l’etablissement de la polarite globale du tissu.
|
2022-11-11T08:13:43.826Z
|
169,738,884 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2139/SSRN.3272552",
"MAG": "2906636079",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The prevalence of third-party tracking in our modern ecosystem cannot be ignored. Trackers, on our websites and apps, enable multi-sourced data gathering, at distinct volume, variety, velocity and veracity. While numerous operators engage in tracking, the majority of these trackers are controlled by a small number of data giants. In this article we consider the rise and growth of this industry, the power it has bestowed on a handful of platforms, and the possible implications for consumer welfare and competition.
|
2022-11-18T00:58:48.641Z
|
16,321,406 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5194/NHESS-10-923-2010",
"MAG": "2125433320",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
Abstract. An automatic procedure is presented to retrieve rupture parameters for large earthquakes along the Sunda arc subduction zone. The method is based on standard array analysis and broadband seismograms registered within 30°–100° epicentral distance. No assumptions on source mechanism are required. By means of semblance the coherency of P waveforms is analysed at separate large-aperture arrays. Waveforms are migrated to a 10°×10° wide source region to study the spatio-temporal evolution of earthquakes at each array. The multiplication of the semblance source maps resulting at each array increases resolution. Start, duration, extent, direction, and propagation velocity are obtained and published within 25 min after the onset of the event. First preliminary results can be obtained even within 16 min. Their rapid determination may improve the mitigation of the earthquake and tsunami hazard. Real-time application will provide rupture parameters to the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System). The method is applied to the two M8.0 Sumatra earthquakes on 12 September 2007, to the M7.4 Java earthquake on 2 September 2009, and to major subduction earthquakes that have occurred along Sumatra and Java since 2000. Obtained rupture parameters are most robust for the largest earthquakes with magnitudes M≥8. The results indicate that almost the entire seismogenic part of the subduction zone off the coast of Sumatra has been ruptured. Only the great Sumatra event in 2004 and the M7.7 Java event on 17 July 2006 could reach to or close to the surface at the trench. Otherwise, the rupturing was apparently confined to depths below 25 km. Major seismic gaps seem to remain off the coast of Padang and the southern tip of Sumatra.
|
2022-11-30T00:46:58.163Z
|
119,789,977 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1117/12.209586",
"MAG": "1986996832",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1341619/m2/1/high_res_d/10176804.pdf"
}
|
Applying a dielectric layer to the output of a microchannel plate (MCP) has allowed the screen voltage of a sealed microchannel-plate intensifier tube (MCPI) to be raised to over 10 kV, producing a field strength of 36 kV/mm without any detectable field emission or breakdown of the MCP/screen gap. Tube resolution exceeded 16 lp/mm at 505 modulation. Breakdown is higher in a dielectric than in a vacuum. In a concept being patented by Gary Power, a few-micrometers -thick layer of a dielectric was sputtered onto the output surface of an 18-mm MCP, which was incorporated into a tube under a contract for four tube starts. This process is applicable to any device incorporating a proximity-focused MCP and screen, including streak tubes and gated MCP x-ray imagers. Other improvements discussed include a patented use of a collimator for eliminating the electrons that are elastically scattered from the screen. This method also provides for further improvement in screen gap limited resolution to any desired degree by eliminating electrons with high transverse energy. This occurs at the expense of output brightness, which can be recovered through an appropriate increase in screen voltage.
|
2022-12-19T00:55:06.692Z
|
17,960,191 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ICPCA.2011.6106489",
"MAG": "2032757038",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abandoned object detection in highway scene is one of the most crucial tasks in intelligent visual surveillance systems. However, few previous methods on abandoned object detection have focused on this important problem. In this paper, we present a new framework to detect the abandoned objects. In our framework, Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used to model the background, but it is not updated every frame for keeping the abandoned objects in the foreground. To erase the noise caused by sunshine or wind, we bring an edge statistics feature based approach into the framework. Moreover, object tracking module is also integrated into the framework for a better abandoned object detection. Extensive experiments are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework is not only real-time enough for practical application, but also have a very high detection accuracy.
|
2022-12-26T20:04:33.759Z
|
154,705,461 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0312896211416136",
"MAG": "2040794400",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Information on the link between market performance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities provides an indication of the extent of acceptance by investors of these types of activities. The nature of this relationship is of critical importance for management trying to reconcile the demands of the company’s shareholders with those of a much wider group of stakeholders and for investors pursuing a socially responsible investing strategy. Using an international database we investigate the extent to which expenditures on CSR activities are valued across market in six countries/regions. We find that CSR activities are highly valued by the investors in the European markets, where our findings clearly indicate that such activities lead to higher market valuations. In the US, Japan and Australia expenditures on CSR activities have a neutral impact on company valuation, which is still a good outcome for management who wish to incorporate into their decision process the objectives of a wide spectrum of stakeholders and for investors wishing to tilt their investments towards the more socially responsible companies.
|
2022-12-08T21:50:20.801Z
|
225,104,047 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.36295/asro.2020.231402",
"MAG": "3092752752",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
The evolution of the green and ecological biosynthetic methods of the Nanoparticles works as a vital part of the field of Nanobiotechnology in the future. The ecofriendly fast biosynthesis of titanium Nanoparticles utilizer Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from dairy products. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The morphological characteristics were found to oval and spherical in shape with the average size (71) nm synthesized in MRS broth. The formation to control biofilms by potential nanoparticles, as a job of the biocidal, delivery capabilities and anti-adhesive, is yet under close scrutiny. Titanium nanoparticles synthesis biologically function a possible role in higher important antimicrobial effectiveness against Gram-negative pathogens E. coli, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Pseudomonas. Its biofilm formation were found to have significant effects after isolates were treated with sub MIC titanium nanoparticle both and cultured on the specific media. Results appear the TiO2-NP had antiadhesive and antibiofilm effect versus gram-negative causal bacteria especially Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. In both Congo red and tube methods respectively. TI nanoparticles with concentration appropriate 16 mg. /ml could significantly reduce in biofilm formation for all isolates under study except E. coli.
|
2022-02-04T02:26:34.464Z
|
30,724,345 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1364/AO.20.000963",
"MAG": "2040497633",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The probability density function P(I) of the integrated intensity I, reflected from a moderately rough surface, is computed correct to order (2pisigma/lambda)(2), where sigma is the rms of the surface roughness z(x), and lambda is the incident wavelength. By using the assumption that z(x) is a Gaussian random variable, we obtain P(I) as a function of the size of the detector aperture and the correlation length of the surface roughness. Numerical results and a comparison with previous works are given.
|
2022-02-12T12:26:46.698Z
|
78,138,288 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.18203/2320-1770.IJRCOG20171450",
"MAG": "2598535044",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia (PMD) is a rarely encountered placental lesion often associated with high fetal mortality and morbidity. We report here a case of PMD with a favourable outcome. The salient features of diagnosis, management and literature review are discussed.
|
2022-06-30T22:03:41.298Z
|
220,186,603 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bmj.2.5318.1524",
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|
Subjects of this investigation were either horizontal or tilted in the foot-down position to 150. Similarly G. Hughes"3 investigated cerebral blood flow in hypotensive patients with a 10°-foot-down tilt and found similar compensatory reactions, but both investigators stressed the possibility that vascular disorders in the elderly patient might make such compensations impossible to achieve. P. D. Bedford14 drew attention to the existence of dementia, particularly in minor degrees, as a complication of anaesthesia in the elderly and blamed hypotension as one of the aetiolo2ical factors. B. R. Simpson and colleagues,15 in a comprehensive and thorough investigation of the elderly surgical patient, stated " that neither the drug used during anaesthesia, nor anaesthesia in its widest sense" did any harm to the patients studied in their series. F. A. Finnerty and colleagues'" studied cerebral ischaemia induced by intravenous hexamethonium and a head-up tilt in a series of conscious subjects and observed signs such as sighing, yawning, staring, and confusion. These signs occurred when the cerebral blood flow was reduced to, on average, 31.5 ml. per 100 g. of brain per minute (a reduction of about 50%); there was no change in oxygen consumption at this flow rate, and the mean arterial pressures at which these signs developed varied widely (from 89 to 29 mm. Hg). They state, "It is evident that a critical level of arterial pressure as such does not exist." J. Eckenhoff,17 in a recent communication to the Royal Society of Medicine, reported normal recovery of consciousness after operation in patients who for periods of up to 90 minutes had had brachial blood-pressures of from 40 to 65 mm. Hg with a headup tilt of 27 . Cerebral circulatory studies showed that during hypotension cerebral venous blood was 2 to 4 times more desaturated of oxygen than during periods when the blood-pressure was normal. He stressed the importance of cerebral blood flow and thought that Wyke's7 statement that irreversible cerebral damage would follow when the bloodpressure in a large cerebral artery fell below 50 mm. Hg could not be upheld. From all this evidence it is plain that the brain possesses an enormous reserve with apparently adequate compensations for wide fluctuations of blood-pressure. On the other hand, it is clearly established that severe or uncontrolled hypotension can cause anoxic brain damage although it is difficult to imagine that this can occur unless the hypotension is prolonged, and is likely to be more than the three minutes mentioned by Brierley and Cooper. What are the safety margins ? When the head is raised the cerebral pressure falls in proportion to the angle of the tilt, and if to this is added the effects of a profound hypotension the brain may become so ischaemic that cerebral flow practically ceases. Experimental evidence has shown that blood-pressure at heart level can be drastically reduced before any significant cerebral ischaemia occurs, but there must nevertheless be a critical level of blood-pressure for each patient. No exact figure can be given to ensure a safe pressure in every patient, but in view of the large numbers reported with brachial pressures of 60-70 mm. Hg and the head raised up to 250, these figures are probably a reasonably safe minimum in the fit adult. But it must be remembered that compensatory mechanisms which are adequate in the young fit patient may not work so effectively in the elderly, especially in the presence of cerebral vascular disease. A level of blood-pressure can be described as safe only if the blood flow remains adequate. Thus signs of cerebral anaemia during hypotension are more valuable than an arbitrary " safe " pressure. G. E. H. Enderby"8 stressed the importance of respiratory rhythm, pulse beat, and the extent of bleeding as a guide to safe hypotension. The published reports suggest that the cerebral complications of hypotension are remarkably few, but they also stress the necessity for skilful management and an exact knowledge of the blood-pressure at any moment-which may present great technical difficulties. The exact nature of the cerebrovascular response and the full extent of its capacity to compensate for induced hypotension are not yet understood. Further research will define more exactly the nature of these responses and the natural limits of physiological trespass beyond which it is unwise and unprofitable to venture.
|
2022-06-30T22:36:47.551Z
|
113,859,919 |
{
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"DOI": "10.12783/DTETR/ICEEA2016/6629",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A joint working mode of multiple Frequency Hopping (FH) radios is considered in this paper, which applies the cooperative work idea in FH communication. By jointly processing the resources provided by multiple FH radios, the joint working mode can get a better interference suppression performance. Four levels of joint working mode are introduced in this paper. A joint working mode using multiple antenna technology is detailed analyzed here. The mode can be realized in three methods, which are jointly transmit, jointly receive, and jointly transmit and receive. Key problems remained to be solved are also given. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the joint working mode. The joint working mode is a complement to the existing FH communication mode, which can be used to ensure normal communication in interference suppression condition.
|
2022-07-09T01:51:54.527Z
|
250,760,096 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/0022-3727/6/2/305",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A plane probe acting simultaneously as an RF impedance probe and a DC probe has been used for studying the collision-dominated plasma of a glow discharge. The conventional probe methods are suitably modified so as to take into account the effect of the presheath lying between the probe sheath and the undisturbed plasma. Measurements of the electron temperature and electron density have been carried out under different discharge conditions. It is found that the electron temperatures, as given by the RF and DC methods, are in excellent agreement, while the corresponding electron densities differ by a factor of 2-3. The thickness of the positive-ion sheath formed in front of the probe has been determined by the impedance method; the variation of the thickness with sheath voltage, discharge current or operating pressure is as expected.
|
2022-07-31T05:16:07.083Z
|
9,198,349 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/jsfa.4249",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
BACKGROUND
Fresh cider spirits are alcoholic beverages mainly constituted by volatile compounds from apples that are formed during fermentation or generated during distillation. In this study the chemical and sensory changes that take place during the maturation of fresh cider spirits in inert containers made of stainless steel and glass were investigated.
RESULTS
The type of container did not influence the maturation process for any of the studied compounds. Esterification, acetalisation and hydrolysis reactions occurred during the maturation of cider distillates over 24 months, giving rise to several changes in the original composition of this alcoholic beverage, but neither oxidation nor evaporation reactions were detected. A decrease in ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, diethyl succinate and acetal was observed and an increase in fatty acid ethyl esters and 1,1,3-triethoxypropane. Likewise, the sensory evaluation of the spirits was significantly influenced by the maturation time, with matured samples obtaining higher scores than fresh ones.
CONCLUSION
The presence of reactive compounds in recently distilled products makes a period of around 12 months of maturation advisable to reach equilibrium and to improve the sensory assessment of cider distillates consumed in the fresh state.
|
2022-09-03T11:12:43.367Z
|
146,781,029 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1177/000271625731400102",
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Technologic change may take away from the cities of the future all the functions once made necessary by war, poor communications, and the need to concentrate populations for production and consumption. But the unique function of cities in providing for contact among many kinds of human crea tivity will remain, possibly to be met by cities that are centers for the new conference methods of multimodal communication.
|
2022-09-07T02:12:19.890Z
|
137,425,606 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1115/PVP2014-28062",
"MAG": "1976885253",
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This work describes a micromechanics methodology based upon a local failure criterion incorporating the strong effects of plastic strain on cleavage fracture coupled with statistics of microcracks. A central objective is to gain some understanding on the role of plastic strain on cleavage fracture by means of a probabilistic fracture parameter and how it contributes to the cleavage failure probability. A parameter analysis is conducted to assess the general effects of plastic strain on fracture toughness correlations for conventional SE(B) specimens with varying crack size over specimen width ratios. Another objetive is to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified Weibull stress (σw) model to correct effects of constraint loss in PCVN specimens which serve to determine the indexing temperature, T0, based on the Master Curve methodology. Fracture toughness testing conducted on an A285 Grade C pressure vessel steel provides the cleavage fracture resistance (Jc) data needed to estimate T0. Very detailed non-linear finite element analyses for 3-D models of plane-sided SE(B) and PCVN specimens provide the evolution of near-tip stress field with increased macroscopic load (in terms of the J-integral) to define the relationship between σw and J. For the tested material, the Weibull stress methodology yields estimates for the reference temperature, T0, from small fracture specimens which are in good agreement with the corresponding estimates derived from testing of much larger crack configurations.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
|
2022-09-14T01:05:07.076Z
|
21,486,488 |
{
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"DOI": "10.2334/JOSNUSD.53.51",
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"url": null
}
|
Bone sialoprotein (BSP), an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, has been implicated in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite during de novo bone formation. Low-power laser irradiation has a stimulating effect on cells and tissues. Although the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser is a hard surgical laser, we have attempted to use it at low energy density to achieve biological alterations. To investigate the effects of CO(2) laser irradiation on BSP gene transcription, we used rat osteoblast-like ROS17/2.8 cells. BSP mRNA levels were increased at 12 h after irradiation with the CO(2) laser (2 W, 20 s). Transient transfection assays using various sizes of the rat BSP gene promoter linked to the luciferase reporter gene showed that CO(2) laser irradiation induced luciferase activity of a -116 to +60 BSP promoter construct (pLUC3) at 12 h in the cells. Transcriptional stimulation by CO(2) laser irradiation was abrogated in the pLUC3 construct containing a 2-bp mutation in the fibroblast growth factor 2 response element (FRE). Gel shift analyses showed that CO(2) laser irradiation increased the binding of nuclear protein to FRE. These studies demonstrate that CO(2) laser irradiation increases BSP transcription via FRE in the rat BSP gene promoter.
|
2022-09-14T13:42:24.342Z
|
21,054,876 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1182/BLOOD.V75.3.577.BLOODJOURNAL753577",
"MAG": "1508333349",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
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}
|
One to five percent of human renal cell carcinomas are associated with polycythemia. It is generally assumed that polycythemia results from the secretion of erythropoietin (Epo) by the malignant cells. However, there is no direct proof supporting this hypothesis. Three patients with typical renal adenocarcinoma and polycythemia were studied. All three exhibited high Epo serum levels as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). A strong Epo signal was observed on Northern blot analysis of total RNA extracted from the renal tumors. The Epo message seemed to be of normal size and no Epo gene rearrangement was observed with the restriction enzymes tested. Using the in situ hybridization technique, a significant labeling was constantly observed on the tumor cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed that these tumor cells, known to be of tubular origin, were labeled by an anti-cytokeratin antibody and therefore were of epithelial nature. Thus, this study demonstrated that malignant cells of tubular origin were able to produce Epo constitutively, whereas in the mouse hypoxic kidney, peritubular cells (probably capillary endothelial cells) were the major site of Epo synthesis.
|
2022-12-17T05:35:12.664Z
|
205,564,603 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/cbm.1836",
"MAG": "1591135880",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
BACKGROUND
People with schizophrenia are more likely to be violent than the people without it. Feeling driven to act on persecutory delusions may be one explanation for this, but it remains unclear why some should act on such delusions but some not. Acquisition of data from people who are very ill is problematic. Our study explores testing of hypotheses on similar ideational and behavioural associations among healthy recruits from the general population.
AIMS
This study aims to test the effect of distress induced by persecutory ideas on any relationships between those ideas and aggressive behaviour, and the effect of gender.
METHODS
Twenty-four men and 53 women from the general population participated in this study. The measures of aggressive behaviour were experimentally induced aggressive responding, self-reported aggressive behaviour in general, and self-reported reactive and proactive aggressive behaviours.
RESULTS
Among men, persecutory ideation predicted reactive aggressive responding and aggressive style of behaviour only in those who experienced higher levels of persecutory ideational distress. Among women, with generally lower levels of aggression, the role of ideational distress was more complicated; Women in the low distress group responded with higher aggression on the task. Women in the higher distress group responded with higher aggressive style. For neither men nor women were there links between persecutory ideation and proactive aggression, regardless of distress.
CONCLUSIONS
Ideational distress moderates the relation between persecutory ideation and aggression in different measures of aggression in men and women. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND/OR RESEARCH: Recognition of a relation between persecutory ideations and aggression is also important in the general population. Insight in the theory of acting upon delusions may lead to more accurate violence risk assessment. Facilitation of early detection of experienced delusional distress may lead to development of more specific psychotherapeutic interventions to manage violence risk.
|
2022-12-19T03:55:23.101Z
|
16,238,647 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/art.39619",
"MAG": "2470370465",
"PubMedCentral": "4924598"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/art.39619"
}
|
Genetic polymorphisms within the HLA region explain only a modest proportion of anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP)–negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) heritability. However, few non‐HLA markers have been identified so far. This study was undertaken to replicate the associations of anti‐CCP–negative RA with non‐HLA genetic polymorphisms demonstrated in a previous study.
|
2022-12-23T02:12:06.137Z
|
22,315,693 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/1744-9987.12432",
"MAG": "2464086297",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We proposed a combination of convective and diffusive transport mechanisms as high cut‐off (HCO) post‐dilution hemodiafiltration dialysis technique to optimize serum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) removal which may improve dialysis dependent renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma. To reduce bleeding risk regional citrate anticoagulation was successfully used for the first 7 h followed by 1 h anticoagulant‐free hemodiafiltration to avoid citrate accumulation. We retrospectively assessed the effect of FLCs reduction on the renal outcome of 28 patients treated with 133 citrate extended post‐dilution HCO (Theralite 2100; Gambro, Lund, Sweden) hemodiafiltration sessions between 2010 and 2016. Renal recovery was demonstrated in 61% of all patients. Twenty‐three patients achieved more than 50% reduction of FLCs concentrations and 88% of those became dialysis independent. Our experience supports the extended citrate HCO hemodiafiltration as a good treatment strategy that enable a sustained reduction in serum FLCs concentration and recovery of renal function.
|
2022-10-29T17:54:10.382Z
|
245,671,650 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1515/gps-2022-0001",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/gps-2022-0001/pdf"
}
|
Abstract A kinetic model for the reactions between the low-fluoride slag CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO–Li2O–TiO2 and Incoloy 825 alloy was proposed based on the two-film theory. The applicability of the model was verified to predict the variation of components in the slag–metal reaction process. The results show that the controlling step of the reaction 4[Al] + 3(TiO2) = 3[Ti] + 2(Al2O3) is the mass transfer of Al and Ti in the liquid alloy and the controlling step of the reactions 4[Al] + 3(SiO2) = 3[Si] + 2(Al2O3) and [Si] + (TiO2) = [Ti] + (SiO2) is the mass transfer of SiO2 in the molten slag. With increasing TiO2 content in the slag from 3.57% to 11.27%, the Al content in the alloy decreased whereas the Ti content increased gradually. The Si content continued to decrease during the slag–metal reaction. Soluble oxygen in the alloy reacts with Al, Ti, and Si, resulting in a decrease of the oxygen content in the alloy. The variations of TiO2 content were in good agreement with the calculated results by the kinetic model whereas the measured results of Al2O3 and SiO2 in the slag were lower than the calculated results, which is mainly due to the volatilization of fluoride.
|
2022-11-21T14:37:47.425Z
|
225,709,544 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.24952/YURISPRUDENTIA.V6I1.2543",
"MAG": "3037809923",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The implementation of the pawn in the Simpang Tonang Regency, Pasaman District is based on traditional law that has been in effect for a long time. This study aims to deteemine the suitability of implementation of the pawn that is applied in the village of Simpang Tonang with the implementation of the pawning regulated under Law No. 56 Prp 1960 concerning Determination of Agricultural Land Area. In Article 7 of the Law it is stated that the use of pawned land may only be for a period of 7 years. If the pawning has been going on for 7 years, the pawned land must be returned to the owner without ransom. The type of research used is field research with data collection techniques through observation and interviews with pawners, pawn recipients, and community leaders of Simpang Tonang Village. The data obtained were analyzed using inductive, deductive, and comparative methods. From the results of the analysis conducted, it is known that the implementation of the pawn is not in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 56/Prp/1960. The implementation of the pawn is more likely to benefit the pawner and it is colored by extortion of the pawner to the point that the desired goal of Law No. 56/Prp/1960, wich provides protection to the people of the economically weak group and to avoid the practise of mortgage lenders.
|
2022-01-27T02:15:43.289Z
|
221,164,064 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa724",
"MAG": "3071309531",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
MOTIVATION
High-resolution microbial strain typing is essential for various clinical purposes, including disease outbreak investigation, tracking of microbial transmission events, and epidemiological surveillance of bacterial infections. The widely used approach for multilocus sequence typing that is based on the core genome, cgMLST, has the advantage of a high level of typeability and maximal discriminatory power. Yet, the transition from a 7 loci based scheme to cgMLST involves several challenges, that include the need by some users to maintain backward compatibility, growing difficulties in the day-to-day communication within the microbiology community with respect to nomenclature and ontology, issues with typeability, especially if a more stringent approach to loci presence is employed, and computational requirements concerning laboratory data management and sharing with end-users. Hence, methods for optimizing cgMLST schemes through careful reduction of the number of loci are expected to be beneficial for practical needs in different settings.
RESULTS
We present a new machine-learning-based methodology, minMLST, for minimizing the number of genes in cgMLST schemes by identifying subsets of informative genes and analyzing the trade-off between gene reduction and typing performance. The results achieved with minMLST over eight bacterial species show that despite the reduction in the number of genes up to a factor of 10, the typing performance remains very high and significant with an Adjusted Rand Index that ranges between 0.4 and 0.93 in different species and a p-value < 10-3. The identification of such optimized MLST schemes for bacterial strain typing is expected to improve the implementation of cgMLST by improving inter-laboratory agreement and communication.
AVAILABILITY
The python package minMLST is available at https://pypi.org/project/minmlst/ and supported on Linux and Windows.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
|
2022-01-27T02:18:16.751Z
|
137,968,374 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2991/ISM3E-15.2015.2",
"MAG": "2318320009",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
With the deepening of research, microporous coordination polymers, as a new type of molecule based materials, show potential application prospect. They have pore structure diversifications, high specific surface areas, unsaturated coordination sites and coordination mode diversifications, and their performance are better than the general pure inorganic porous materials and pure organic porous materials. Researchers have synthesized a large number of porous coordination polymers with different structures and properties by using different synthetic methods, different ligands and different metal ion reactions . At the same time, the application of their various properties such as gas storage, molecular separation, heterogeneous catalysis and nonlinear optical materials, are also gradually explored. Microporous Coordination Polymers is usually a complex of metal ions and small molecule ligands by self- assembling and forming a highly structured network with unlimited network structure (1) . In recent years, the design and synthesis of novel metal organic coordination polymers have attracted more and more research on the development and utilization of materials (2-3) . This is due to their potential applications in catalysis, gas storage and separation, molecular recognition, magnetic, ion exchange and nonlinear optics (4-6) .
|
2022-02-09T10:21:25.851Z
|
163,485,028 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/s0009640714001565",
"MAG": "2331981740",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)The Urban Pulpit: New York City and the Fate of Liberal Evangelicalism . By Matthew Bowman . New York : Oxford University Press , 2014. x + 308 pp. $74.00 cloth.Book Reviews and NotesRenditions of the fundamentalist-modernist controversy commonly feature militant conservers of the "old-time religion" locked in theological battle with enthusiastic accommodators of modernity. Matthew Bowman's The Urban Pulpit weaves a subtler and more convincing story. While some turn-of-the-century New York liberals were ready and willing to abandon historic Christian metaphysics, many more were not so inclined. These liberal evangelicals held as tenaciously to the hope of a Christian city as did their fundamentalist counterparts. Indeed, in Bowman's telling, "Liberal and fundamentalist evangelicalisms were the product of pastoral experimentation, attempts to preserve evangelical faith--and hence, a certain mode of society--in the crucible of tenements and factories and department stores" (13).Bowman's argument that the emerging fissures within American protestantism were significantly intra-evangelical is centrally related to a further contention: namely, that the substance of disagreements between New York City's believers was as much stylistic as it was theological. Protestants of every persuasion could not help but respond to the concomitant demographic and cultural shifts that dramatically remade the nation's industrializing cities over the course of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. Bowman uses a wide variety of evidence--drawn, for example, from the realms of liturgy, architecture, and biblical translation and interpretation--to illustrate the profoundly different instincts that conservatives and liberals displayed in reacting to their changing environs. Fundamentalists tended to define themselves against the ever more polyglot and multicultural metropolis, cultivating a style that was distinctive for its "embrace of confrontation" (92). Bowman cites the work of ministers such as Billy Sunday and John Roach Straton, who emphasized more insistently than ever before the raw power of the spoken word of God in their campaigns to call worldly New Yorkers to repentance. Meanwhile, the city's liberal evangelicals sought ways to connect with their increasingly diverse neighbors by emphasizing religious experience over doctrine, as well as by redoubling their commitment to social reform. If for strategic reasons they did not always foreground their evangelical convictions, they nevertheless conceived of what they were doing in terms of a specifically Christian mission to the city. Indeed, what Bowman writes of the early-twentieth-century Presbyterian divine Henry Sloane Coffin was more broadly true: "he believed the church needed to adapt its methods, though not its goals" (111). …
|
2022-02-08T21:12:04Z
|
47,113,912 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1083/JCB.1793ITI2",
"MAG": "2117888467",
"PubMedCentral": "2064801"
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
![Graphic][1]
Construction of P-bodies (white) stops in the absence of Edc3p (right). Putting together a P-body requires both building blocks and glue.
[Decker et al.][2] now show that a yeast mRNA decapping activator protein contributes to both jobs: it forms part of the building
|
2022-02-11T23:10:32.366Z
|
137,079,245 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.850-851.1202",
"MAG": "2003997682",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Purpose To analyze the biomechanics of cervical spine after one-and two-level Total Disc Replacement (TDR) and two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF). Methods Seven adult human cadaveric cervical spines were biomechanically evaluated under eccentric displacement control in six mechanical modes, including flexion (Flex), extension (Ext), left bending (LB), right rending (RB), left rotation (LR) and right rotation (RR). Results In fusion-treated specimens, range of motion (ROM) at instrumented level decreased as much as 81.78%, and other levels also demonstrated big difference in ROM. In arthroplasty-treated specimens, ROM showed little difference from that of the intact state. Large motion variation happened in LB, RB and Ext after both fusion and nonfusion surgical treatments. Conclusions TDR had a more reasonable motion sharing than ACDF, especially in Flex, Ext, LR and RR. No evident influence of motion change was observed after adding an extra level of TDR.
|
2022-01-27T10:58:30.363Z
|
155,783,306 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/CEN-V075N011.P047",
"MAG": "2322628153",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
It's no secret that young Ph.D.s face a far more competitive labor market than their counterparts did 10 to 20 years ago. The streamlining of corporate America that took place over much of the past decade ushered in an industrial culture based on teamwork and a much leaner workforce. Meanwhile, gridlock in tenured positions virtually immobilized the academic job market. Now, even though long-awaited academic retirements have begun to materialize and industry has stepped up hiring somewhat, the pool of postdoctoral fellows that burgeoned to more than 7,000 in chemistry and chemically related fields in 1994 promises that competition for doctoral-level positions will continue to be fierce. The issue of whether too many Ph.D.s are being produced for the number of slots that is likely to be available to them has been widely debated. An ACS presidential task force study published in 1995 concludes that "the mission of a Ph.D. program in chemistry cannot easily ...
|
2022-03-28T22:47:39.232Z
|
213,911,342 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.37117/s.v2i15.207",
"MAG": "3001912876",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://revistas.itsup.edu.ec/index.php/sinapsis/article/download/207/297"
}
|
The lifestyles are all those acquired and predominant behaviors of a person that largely determine their state of health. An inadequate lifestyle is one of the main factors for the development of diabetes mellitus, a chronic non-communicable disease characterized by the increase in blood glucose levels, and which causes major problems in social well-being. This research was carried out in the community of Joa in Jipijapa canton, province of Manabi to determine risk factors that are predisposing for diabetes mellitus in its inhabitants. The methodological design is made up of a descriptive cross-sectional study, applying the analytical and quantitative methods, the techniques used were the interview with a renowned diabetologist in the province and the survey of the inhabitants of the community, to learn about lifestyles and risk factors, in addition to taking anthropometric perimeters, to determine the level of Body Mass Index and fasting blood glucose levels; of 371 inhabitants, the probabilistic sampling technique was used with a margin of error of 10% giving a sample of 58 people, the results allowed us to determine that the lifestyles in the population are mostly inadequate and therefore constitute net risk factors that Together with the results of the body mass index and blood glucose, there is a high risk of developing type II diabetes mellitus.
|
2022-07-19T23:10:06.157Z
|
84,590,832 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1469-7998.1995.TB04488.X",
"MAG": "2031123037",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are large, social canids formerly found throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Wild dogs are now endangered; only six nations hold populations larger than 100 individuals. Considerable evidence suggests that disease plays a central role in the regulation of some wild dog populations. In particular, it has been suggested that epizootics of rabies, canine distemper and anthrax can have strong local effects on wild dog numbers. Resolution of the regulatory importance of these diseases has been hampered by lack of data from wild populations. Here we report on an outbreak of anthrax among wild dogs in the Selous Game Reserve in southern Tanzania, describing clinical signs and diagnosis, measuring mortality, and testing for effects on hunting success and movements. Only one of five packs under study was affected. Immediate mortality was mild, with none of 18 adults (0%) and four of 24 pups (17%) dying. Mortality was significantly higher among puppies (<1 year old) than among adults. Mortality of individuals that showed signs of disease but did not die immediately was not significantly elevated over the following six months. The hunting success and movement patterns of the pack were not affected by the outbreak. Collectively, these data suggest that African wild dogs possess a degree of resistance to anthrax.
|
2022-10-22T17:19:25.144Z
|
4,230,900 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1587/TRANSINF.2016EDL8228",
"MAG": "2608279412",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this letter, we propose a round robin-based wear leveling (RRWL) for flash memory systems. RRWL uses a block erase table (BET), which is composed of a bit array and saves the erasure histories of blocks. BET can use one-to-one mode to increase the performance of wear leveling or one-to-many mode to reduce memory consumption. However, one-to-many mode decreases the accuracy of cold block information, which results in the lifetime degradation of flash memory. To solve this problem, RRWL consistently uses one-to-one mode based on round robin method to increase the accuracy of cold block identification, with reduced memory size of BET, like in one-to-many mode. Experiments show that RRWL increases the lifetime of flash memory by up to 47% and 14%, compared with BET and HaWL, respectively. key words: flash memory, wear leveling, hidden cold block problem, bit array table, block erase table
|
2022-10-27T19:22:50.671Z
|
22,320,860 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5505/tjtes.2017.50128",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.5505/tjtes.2017.50128"
}
|
BACKGROUND
In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the reliability of early cholecystectomy, risk of recurrent biliary pancreatitis, and their effects on hospital length of stay and morbidity by comparing the results of early and late laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis.
METHODS
A total of 131 patients, who were diagnosed with acute biliary pancreatitis at Okmeydanı Education and Research Hospital in January 2009-December 2012, were included in the study. Demographic specifications of patients, duration of their complaints, biochemistry and hemogram values at first arrival, Ranson criteria, number of attacks, screenings, operation type and period, number of days between the first attack and operation, hospital length of stay, and complications were recorded. Patients who underwent cholecystectomy within the first 2 weeks were considered early (group 1) and those who under the operation after 2 weeks were considered late (group 2).
RESULTS
There were 47 patients in group 1 and 84 patients in group 2. Open surgery was not performed on any patient, and there was no choledoch injury and mortality. The average hospital length of stay was 7.6±3.0 days in group 1 and 10.7±8.3 days in group 2, with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.006). Two or more number of attacks occurred in 15 patients in group 2 (18%), with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.000).
CONCLUSION
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe as it does not increase operation time and morbidity in biliary pancreatitis with a Ranson score of ≤3 or cause difficulty in dissection. Late cholecystectomy causes recurrent attacks and increases the hospital length of stay and treatment costs. Using randomized controlled studies, the effectiveness and reliability of early cholecystectomy in mild and moderate biliary pancreatitis can be verified.
|
2022-12-09T00:22:08.663Z
|
244,321,275 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.22034/MTE.2021.10546.1441",
"MAG": "3202083423",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
رفتار سیاسی در زمان امانالله خان در امتداد رفتار سیاسی حاکمان پیشین صورت گرفت که با ارزشها و بایستههای اسلامی در حوزه رفتار سیاسی فاصله دارد. این وضعیت به رغم ادعای اصلاحطلبی وی و اسلامی بودن جامعه، مسئلهساز است. این مسئله قبل از همه متوجه فرهنگ سیاسی قبیلهای حاکم بر کشور است. زیرا که رفتار سیاسی متأثر از فرهنگ سیاسی شکل گرفته و وجه غالب فرهنگ سیاسی در افغانستان هم ماهیت قبیلهای دارد. لذا این مسئله شکل میگیرد که فرهنگ سیاسی قبیلهای چه تأثیری در توسعهنیافتگی سیاسی- اسلامی رفتار سیاسی در این دوره داشته است. از درون این مسئله این پرسش اصلی شکل گرفت که: نقش فرهنگ سیاسی قبیلهای در توسعهنیافتگی رفتار سیاسی- اسلامی چیست؟ در اینجا سعی شده است که این مسئله به صورت علمی بررسی شود، آن هم با روش تحلیل تفهمی و روش گردآوری اسنادی (کتابخانهای)؛ با در نظر گرفتن این فرضیه که فرهنگ سیاسی قبیلهای به عنوان محرک ذهنی امانالله خان و کارگزاران حکومتی وی در انجام رفتارهای سیاسی معطوف به منافع و مصالح قومی- قبیلهای، عدالت ستیزی، خشونتآمیزی و بیبهره از قاعدهپذیری عمل نموده و باعث توسعهنیافتگی آن شده است. کاوشهای صورت گرفته به این یافتهها انجامید که این فرهنگ باعث کسب، حفظ و گسترش خشونتآمیز قدرت سیاسی، حذف رقبا و مخالفین سیاسی، غارت اموال و املاک دولتی، مردمی و مخالفین سیاسی، توسعه نامتوازن، تغییر ترکیب جمعیتی مناطق مسکونی اقلیتهای محکوم... شده است.
|
2022-01-27T16:17:05.425Z
|
238,415,592 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1109/ISPA52656.2021.9552114",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We propose an automated way of determining the optimal number of low-rank components in dimension reduction of image data. The method is based on the combination of two-dimensional principal component analysis and an augmentation estimator proposed recently in the literature. Intuitively, the main idea is to combine a scree plot with information extracted from the eigenvectors of a variation matrix. Simulation studies show that the method provides accurate estimates and a demonstration with a finger data set showcases its performance in practice.
|
2022-07-24T04:08:26.797Z
|
19,089,307 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/acs.est.8b00507",
"MAG": "2802674296",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6437780?pdf=render"
}
|
Studies of unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) and health have ranked participants along a gradient of geographic information system (GIS)-based activity that incorporated the distance between participants' home addresses and unconventional natural gas wells. However, studies have used different activity metrics, making result comparisons across the studies difficult. The existing studies have only incorporated wells, without accounting for other components of development (e.g., compressors, impoundments, and flaring events), for which it is often difficult to obtain reliable data but may have relevance to health. Our aims were to (1) describe, in space and time, UNGD-related compressors, impoundments, and flaring events; (2) evaluate whether and how to incorporate these into UNGD activity assessment; and (3) evaluate associations of these different approaches with mild asthma exacerbations. We identified 361 compressor stations, 1218 impoundments, and 216 locations with flaring events. A principal component analysis identified a single component that was approximately an equal mix of the metrics for compressors, impoundments, and four phases of well development (pad preparation, drilling, stimulation, and production). However, temporal coverage for impoundments and flaring data was sparse. Ultimately, we evaluated three UNGD activity metrics, including two based on the existing studies and a novel metric that included well pad development, drilling, stimulation, production, and compressor engine aspects of UNGD. The three metrics had varying magnitudes of association with mild asthma exacerbations, although the highest category of each metric (vs the lowest) was associated with the outcome.
|
2022-12-13T01:54:00.802Z
|
253,532,343 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1029/2022GL100818",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is associated with northerly surface winds affecting crop and livestock productivity and social and economic activities across East Asia. However, the relationship between EAWM dynamics and marine biota remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed fossil ostracods from sediment cores collected in the northwestern Pacific Ocean to detect the appearance/disappearance of circumpolar species during the late Quaternary. We compared our ostracod records, including dating results, with ice‐rafted debris records from the Sea of Japan, and identified two southward migration events of Arctic ostracods at 120–100 ka (Marine Isotope Stage [MIS] 5d stadial) and 30–15 ka (MIS 3 and 2, peak Last Glacial), which corresponded to a strengthened EAWM system. Our results indicate that an intensified EAWM influenced the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water formation, lowered the winter water temperatures, and allowed Arctic ostracods to migrate southward into the Yellow Sea.
|
2022-12-23T02:08:43.006Z
|
181,889,320 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0395264900092933",
"MAG": "2946241516",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
justifiés par l'importance des intérêts en jeu, fonctionner si longtemps. On pardonnera aisément à J.-C. Hocquet d'avoir parfois cédé à la tentation de forcer les termes de son plaidoyer, et donné au sel une place aussi déterminante dans la politique maritime et la conjoncture de la puissance commerciale de Venise (à nouveau posée, mais comment y résister, en termes d'apogée et de déclin). Celle-ci constitue un tout, dont les différents éléments subissent des oscillations tantôt parallèles, tantôt contradictoires, et le sel, qui connaît aussi les siennes, a pu, dans l'ensemble, jouer le rôle d'un efficace volant de régulation. Ce qui est déjà beaucoup. Le repli sur l'Adriatique et les restes de son Empire, Crète comprise, après la perte de Chypre, vient d'ailleurs confirmer ce que l'on sait du rétrécissement des horizons de Venise à la fin du xvi siècle.
|
2022-01-17T21:00:11.231Z
|
198,410,977 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.25105/PDK.V2I2.2468",
"MAG": "2955945971",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The need for coal as fuel in the industrial field still plays an important role, as evidenced by the increasing demand for coal with certain quality to date. The purpose of this research are: To know the availability of coal in the research area, to know the direction of coal deployment and its thickness, to know the prospect of coal in the research area. The expected target is to know the prospect of coal in the research area. By using survey method observation and observation field then correlation and analysis based on USGS method.According to Setyana, 2005 regional geology of research areas into the Ketungau Basin, so that the sedimentary rocks in it have the same deposition history on the Basin. The formation of a coal carrier is a formation of mites. Coal outcrops are very rare in research areas with average stance and slope N 45oE/12o. From the results of the correlation of several test wells and the analysis of outcrop data, the coal in the study area has a thickness between 5cm - 80cm, in some places in the form of lensis and in some other places in the form of ribbon.
|
2022-08-20T10:31:44.440Z
|
6,685,882 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.96.147802",
"MAG": "2163209057",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In a nematic gel we observe a low-energy buckling deformation arising from soft and semisoft elastic modes. We prepare the self-assembled gel by dissolving a coil-side-group liquid-crystalline polymer-coil copolymer in a nematic liquid crystal. The gel has long network strands and a precisely tailored structure, making it ideal for studying nematic rubber elasticity. Under polarized optical microscopy we observe a striped texture that forms when gels uniformly aligned at 35 degrees C are cooled to room temperature. We model the instability using the molecular theory of nematic rubber elasticity, and the theory correctly captures the change in pitch length with sample thickness and polymer concentration. This buckling instability is a clear example of a low-energy deformation that arises in materials where polymer network strains are coupled to the director orientation.
|
2022-10-28T01:00:17.268Z
|
121,257,655 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/0022-3727/44/18/185003",
"MAG": "2011001938",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Composite BaTiO3–CoFe2O4 nanostructures deposited on a SrTiO3 substrate are known to produce the magnetoelectric coupling effect. Although the coupling efficiency is significantly influenced by the composite layout, there appears no systematic simulation approach for configuring optimal layouts. In this study, a formulation to find optimal heterostructures using the topology optimization method is developed. For the formulation, the macroscopic extrinsic magnetoelectric coupling factor is maximized while numerical calculation is performed by finite element analysis. The proposed method yields an optimal piezoelectric and piezomagnetic material distribution. Numerical simulations are used to explain why the optimized distribution indeed maximizes the magnetoelectric coupling effect. As an application of the developed method, a magnetic read head sensor using the magnetoelectric effect is also designed.
|
2022-12-14T09:54:18.030Z
|
109,852,058 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1063/1.866048",
"MAG": "2013011325",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Calculated results for the linear response of an ideal, nonviscous, non‐heat‐conducting, subsonic, quasi‐one‐dimensional Faraday magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator duct to inputted acoustic and entropy (temperature) waves are presented for two typical MHD generator duct designs: the large, high efficiency, central station power plant design and the small, high power density compact design. The effects of applied magnetic field strength and frequency are considered. The results indicate that increased applied magnetic field strength provides a stabilizing (attenuating) effect for pure transmission. However, at low frequencies and high applied magnetic field strengths, temperature variations associated with inputted entropy waves may generate appreciable acoustic output. This entropy wave to acoustic wave interaction could cause a significant increase in overall MHD generator system unsteadiness.
|
2022-12-17T06:17:33.923Z
|
207,958,256 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3389/fphar.2019.01318",
"MAG": "2981951716",
"PubMedCentral": "6855210"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2019.01318/pdf"
}
|
The objective of this study was to investigate whether MTNR1B gene variants influence repaglinide response in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 300 patients with T2DM and 200 control subjects were enrolled to identify MTNR1B rs10830963 and rs1387153 genotypes by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with subsequent high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Ninety-five patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were randomly selected to undergo 8 weeks of repaglinide treatment (3 mg/day). After 8-week repaglinide monotherapy, patients with at least one G allele of MTNR1B rs10830963 showed a smaller decrease in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P = 0.031) and a smaller increase in homeostasis model assessment for beta cell function (HOMA-B) (P = 0.002) levels than those with the CC genotype did. The T allele carriers at rs1387153 exhibited a smaller decrease in FPG (P = 0.007) and smaller increases in postprandial serum insulin (PINS) (P = 0.016) and HOMA-B (P < 0.001) levels compared to individuals with the CC genotype. These data suggest that the MTNR1B rs10830963 and rs1387153 polymorphisms are associated with repaglinide monotherapy efficacy in Chinese patients with T2DM.
|
2022-12-16T11:15:54.503Z
|
81,474,991 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.26444/AAEM/95215",
"MAG": "2899860957",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
INTRODUCTION
Low birth weight (LBW) is an important indicator of the healthy of the population and reflects the living conditions, health and health behaviours of pregnant women.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship between Gross Enrollment Rate at the Tertiary Education Level, average salary, Gross Domestic Product per capita, unemployment, housing area, urbanization and low birth weight in Polish sub-regions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An ecological study was undertaken using data on socio-economic and demographic features and LBW in 2005-2014. The units of observation were 66 Polish sub-regions according to the NUTS-3 classification. Two models were used to assess the influence of SES variables on LBW incidence rate in a 10-year study period. The first was the Poisson regression model adjusted for density of population, which was followed by the multivariable model using the GEE method of model parameters estimation.
RESULTS
In Poland, significant slow changes in the LBW incidence rate were observed in 2005-2014 (AAPC = -0.44%/year). In model 1, the increase in LBW was associated with an increase in unemployment (1.005) and decrease of average salary (0.987), GERTEL (0.990) and housing area (0.991). In model 2, an unfavorable association was detected between the density of population (1.068) and a still existing relationship with unemployment (1.004), average salary (0.990) and GERTEL (0.991).
CONCLUSIONS
Protective factors for newborns' health were a higher level of education and income. The results indicate the need to take actions to reduce the risk factors of LBW among pregnant women living in densely populated areas.
|
2022-12-18T05:06:32.171Z
|
1,214,413 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/iub.148",
"MAG": "1973332033",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Is There An Answer? is intended to serve as a forum in which readers to IUBMB Life may pose questions of the type that intrigue biochemists but for which there may be no obvious answer or one may be available but not widely known or easily accessible. Readers are invited to e-mail ascenzi@uniroma3.it if they have questions to contribute or if they can provide answers to questions that are provided here from time to time. In the latter case, instructions will be sent to interested readers. Answers should be, whenever possible, evidence-based and provide relevant references. Paolo Ascenzi
|
2022-12-18T21:50:06.671Z
|
2,314,527 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01150.x",
"MAG": "2052242993",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1783174"
}
|
Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) is closely associated with the generation of cell‐mediated immunity and resistance to intracellular parasites. Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) was known to strongly induce IFN‐γ production by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In order to determine whether injection with DNA encoding IL‐18 can stimulate the resistance to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, the mature IL‐18 cDNA with κ leader sequence was cloned under control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (TcCMVIL‐18) and its effect on MAC infection was investigated in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. Injection with the TcCMVIL‐18 DNA during intranasal infection with MAC resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial load of lung during the entire 8‐week observation period, while injection with the TcCMV control DNA did not. Lung cells in mice injected with the TcCMVIL‐18 DNA showed persistent production of IFN‐γ throughout the 8‐week period. Furthermore, immunization with the TcCMVIL‐18 DNA induced and maintained significantly higher levels of cytotoxic activity and nitric oxide production by lung cells than immunization with the TcCMV control vector. This work suggests that IL‐18 DNA vaccination may be useful in the immunotherapeutic or immunoprotection approaches of infections by intracellular parasites such as mycobacteria.
|
2022-12-19T00:14:49.652Z
|
19,943,772 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1039/AN9952002185",
"MAG": "2003059454",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A simple, fast and precise method for the simultaneous determination of neopterine (Npt), pseudouridine (Psu) and creatinine (Cre) in urine by using ion-pair HPLC has been developed. The urine specimen is subjected to a microcolumn clean-up step, providing a ten-fold sample dilution, and is then injected into the column. The eluate is forced through the respective cells of a fluorescence and then a UV detector, which are connected in series. Neopterine is monitored by fluorescence emission at 438 nm (excitation wavelength 353 nm) while Psu and Cre are monitored by UV absorption at 235 nm. This allows the determination of Npt/Cre and Psu/Cre concentration ratios in a single run on the same sample, and the use of urine specimens collected randomly instead of 24 hourly collections. The method has been applied to urine specimens from 19 healthy, male donors (mean Npt/Cre (mumol/mol) and Psu/Cre (mumol/mmol) values of 41.7 and 16.8, respectively) and 23 healthy, female donors (mean Npt/Cre (mumol/mol) and Psu/Cre (mumol/mol) values of 67.4 and 18.5, respectively). The within-run S(r) for Npt/Cre and Psu/Cre concentration ratios ranged between 3.3 and 4.6%.
|
2022-12-20T22:24:33.364Z
|
21,978,807 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3928/1081597X-20100224-02",
"MAG": "2071787138",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
PURPOSE
To compare the long-term outcomes of LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for high myopia (> or = -10.00 diopters [D]).
METHODS
This retrospective study included eyes with high myopia that underwent PRK (51 eyes) and LASIK (141 eyes) at the Instituto Oftalmologico de Alicante, Spain, and returned for 10-year follow-up.
RESULTS
Ten years after surgery, 45.5% of eyes in the LASIK group achieved uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/40 or better compared to 31.3% in the PRK group. Mean efficacy indices after 10 years in both groups were similar (0.87 in the LASIK group and 0.82 in the PRK group, P=.51). Twenty-one (41%) eyes in the PRK group were within +/-1.00 D whereas 60 (42.5%) eyes from the LASIK group were within +/-1.00 D 10 years after surgery. Six (14%) eyes from the PRK group lost 2 or more lines of BSCVA compared to 7 (6%) eyes from the LASIK group.
CONCLUSIONS
LASIK and PRK have been shown to have similar visual acuity efficacy in the treatment of eyes with high myopia in the long-term, with LASIK having superior visual acuity efficacy and safety over PRK within the first 2 years after surgery. However, treatment of myopia > or =-10.00 D by LASIK is no longer routinely advocated whereas the treatment of high myopia by PRK is no longer performed due to potential complications associated with the treatment. Haze in postoperative PRK eyes was a significant long-term problem in our study.
|
2022-12-27T18:31:34.389Z
|
249,858,099 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3390/e24060838",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "9222751"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/6/838/pdf?version=1655800241"
}
|
This paper introduces a closed-form expression for the Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) between two central multivariate Cauchy distributions (MCDs) which have been recently used in different signal and image processing applications where non-Gaussian models are needed. In this overview, the MCDs are surveyed and some new results and properties are derived and discussed for the KLD. In addition, the KLD for MCDs is showed to be written as a function of Lauricella D-hypergeometric series FD(p). Finally, a comparison is made between the Monte Carlo sampling method to approximate the KLD and the numerical value of the closed-form expression of the latter. The approximation of the KLD by Monte Carlo sampling method are shown to converge to its theoretical value when the number of samples goes to the infinity.
|
2022-12-30T00:52:17.382Z
|
135,220,709 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2172/373831",
"MAG": "125025869",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc674418/m2/1/high_res_d/373831.pdf"
}
|
The authors have developed digital confocal Raman microscopy. In this 3-dimensional technique, a stack of Raman images is taken at intervals of 0.1--2 microns through the depth of the sample. The point spread function of the microscope is then deconvolved from the images, to yield a stack of sharply depth-resolved images. A constrained iterative deconvolution, which is computationally expensive, is used. The technique efficiently uses the available laser power and makes confocal Raman imaging possible. The procedure has been used on a number of polymeric samples, including polystyrene beads and polyester gratings, and shown to work well. The computation time has recently been reduced from about 45 minutes to about 2 minutes, using a digital signal processor (DSP) instead of the CPU of the general purpose workstation previously employed. In collaboration with a major glass maker, the authors have recently employed confocal Raman microprobe spectroscopy and imaging to identify and image potassium sulfate and molecular sulfur inclusions in glass pellets. The authors have also used the Raman spectrum of water as a non-invasive temperature probe in operating electrophoresis capillaries. The paper also describes a simple macro-scale imager that was constructed, explorations of holographic optical elements, and a micron-diameter silver probe for obtaining micron-resolved surface-enhanced Raman spectra.
|
2022-07-04T21:20:41.967Z
|
213,129,403 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.53513/JSK.V3I1.201",
"MAG": "3004776415",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Tunggakan rekening listrik masih menjadi piutang yang besar bagi bangsa Indonesia, sehingga harus lebih ditingkatkan lagi kualitas pelayanan dari PT. PLN (Persero). Termasuk PT. PLN (Persero) Gardu Induk Kisaran terkhusus di Kecamatan Air Batu, dengan total tunggakan rekening listrik mencapai 10,5 miliar dari 12 desa dengan jumlah penduduk 41.873 jiwa. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi besarnya tunggakan, seperti kurangnya pelayanan, pencatatan meteran yang sering salah, serta ketidaktahuan masyarakat mengenai pentingnya bayar rekening listrik tepat waktu. Salah satu cara dalam menangani hal tersebut adalah dilakukannya sosialisasi terhadap masyarakat akan pentingnya bayar listrik tepat waktu. Akan tetapi, dana menjadi penghambat untuk melakukan sosialisasi ini di semua desa. Oleh karena itu, pengelompokan tunggakan listrik dapat membantu pihak PT. PLN (Persero) Gardu Induk Kisaran dalam mengambil keputusan yang tepat dalam memilih desa dengan tunggakan terbesardengan menggunakan metode K-Means Clustering. Pada penelitian ini, penerapan metode K-Means Clustering diimplementasikan pada aplikasi yang dibuat dengan 3 cluster dari 12 sampel data. Data yang digunakan dalam perhitungan algoritma k-means adalah jumlah penduduk yang menunggak, tarif daya, dan jumlah tunggakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa algoritma k-means mampu mengelompokan data tunggakan terbesar, sedang, dan terendah.dalam pembuatan dokumen penjualan tiket pesawat dan juga memberikan keamanananya.
|
2022-08-20T17:16:57.275Z
|
31,035,935 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00170.x",
"MAG": "1970268702",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The clinical and histological features of 49 lesions induced by human papillomavirus type 1 (HPV‐1) were studied. The majority of cases showed the typical clinical features and location of such lesions. They were usually located on the ventral or lateral surfaces of the hands or feet, and were dome‐shaped lesions with a central depression.
|
2022-08-31T07:57:26.022Z
|
58,580,057 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3174/ajnr.A5943",
"MAG": "2910270109",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Asymmetric atrophy of the hippocampus is an important clinical finding in normal aging and Alzheimer disease. In this study, we investigate the associations between the magnitude and asymmetry of hippocampal volumetric integrity and age, sex, and dementia severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have recently developed a rapid fully automatic algorithm to measure the hippocampal parenchymal fraction, an index of hippocampal volumetric integrity on structural MR imaging of the brain. We applied this algorithm to measure the hippocampal parenchymal fraction bilaterally on 775 MR imaging volumes scanned from 198 volunteers in a publicly available data base. All subjects were right-handed and older than 60 years of age. Subjects were categorized as cognitively healthy (n = 98), with mild cognitive impairment (n = 70), or with mild/moderate Alzheimer disease (n = 30). We used linear mixed-effects models to analyze the hippocampal parenchymal fraction and its asymmetry with respect to age, sex, dementia severity, and intracranial volume. RESULTS: After controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume, we found that the magnitude of the hippocampal parenchymal fraction decreased and its asymmetry increased significantly with dementia severity. Also, hippocampal parenchymal fraction asymmetry was significantly higher in men after controlling for all other variables, but there was no sex effect on hippocampal parenchymal fraction magnitude. The magnitude of the hippocampal parenchymal fraction decreased and its asymmetry increased significantly with age in subjects who were cognitively healthy, but associations with age were different in nature in the mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hippocampal atrophy progresses asymmetrically with age in cognitively healthy subjects. Hippocampal parenchymal fraction asymmetry is significantly higher in men than women and in mild cognitive impairment/Alzheimer disease relative to cognitively healthy individuals.
|
2022-10-02T17:14:20.758Z
|
235,485,091 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "2106.10179",
"DOI": "10.1109/GLOBECOM46510.2021.9685345",
"MAG": "3173753084",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs), various trade-offs among the bandwidth, data rates, and energy per bit have different effects on the quality of service under different propagation conditions (e.g. various types of fading), interference scenarios, multi-user requirements, and design constraints. Such compromises, and the manner in which they are implemented, further affect other technical aspects, such as system's computational complexity and power efficiency. At the same time, this difference in trade-offs also adds to the technical flexibility in addressing a broader range of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This paper addresses a physical layer LPWAN approach based on the Aggregate Spread Pulse Modulation (ASPM) and provides a brief assessment of its properties in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. In the binary ASPM, the control of the quality of service is performed through the change in the spectral efficiency, i.e., the data rate at a given bandwidth. Implementing M-ary encoding in ASPM further enables controlling service quality through changing the energy per bit (in about an order of magnitude range) as an additional trade-off parameter. Such encoding is especially useful for improving the ASPM's energy per bit performance, thus increasing its range and overall energy efficiency, and making it more attractive for use in LPWANs.
|
2022-12-02T10:46:42.768Z
|
73,558,549 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1155/2013/958920",
"MAG": "1986999400",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2013/958920.pdf"
}
|
This paper is devoted to a stochastic differential game (SDG) of decoupled functional forward-backward stochastic differential equation (FBSDE). For our SDG, the associated upper and lower value functions of the SDG are defined through the solution of controlled functional backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs). Applying the Girsanov transformation method introduced by Buckdahn and Li (2008), the upper and the lower value functions are shown to be deterministic. We also generalize the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs (HJBI) equations to the path-dependent ones. By establishing the dynamic programming principal (DPP), we derive that the upper and the lower value functions are the viscosity solutions of the corresponding upper and the lower path-dependent HJBI equations, respectively.
|
2022-12-15T15:05:12.699Z
|
6,702,399 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp017193",
"MAG": "1997296217",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp017193"
}
|
1. In cats anaesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and urethane, stimulation of pulmonary C fibres by right atrial injections of phenylbiguanide caused, after a latency of about 3 s, a reduction in pulmonary ventilation or apnoea, bradycardia and systemic hypotension, confirming previous work. 2. A decrease in femoral artery perfusion pressure also occurred under conditions in which the hindlimb was vascularly isolated, the blood flow was maintained constant and the inferior vena caval pressure did not change. This indicates a reduction in vascular resistance due to vasodilatation. The response was unaffected by atropine and propranolol, but was reduced or abolished by guanethidine, hexamethonium and denervation of the limb, indicating that it is due to a reduction in activity in sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibres. 3. Similar cardiovascular responses were observed when the arterial blood pressure was maintained constant, and also in artificially ventilated animals. 4. Evidence is presented that the receptors responsible for the respiratory and cardiovascular responses to right atrial injections of phenylbiguanide lie in the pulmonary vascular bed. 5. When the pulmonary C fibres were excited during a period of apnoea which was induced reflexly by electrical stimulation of the central end of a superior laryngeal nerve, there were no consistent differences in the size of the cardiac or vascular responses compared to the control responses in the absence of the laryngeal input. This result occurred irrespective of the size of the control ventilatory response to phenylbiguanide. 6. By contrast in the same experiments, the cardio‐inhibitory and vasoconstrictor responses to excitation of the carotid body chemoreceptors were invariably potentiated by electrical stimulation of a superior laryngeal nerve, as found previously. 7. The possible central mechanisms responsible for the differential modulation of pulmonary C fibre and carotid chemoreceptor reflexes by respiration are discussed.
|
2022-12-20T23:03:05.799Z
|
84,458,436 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/JF971022G",
"MAG": "1998382308",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Green tea catechins (GTCs) as a mixture of (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) possess a variety of biological activities. We have previously studied the stability of GTCs either as a mixture or as individual epicatechin derivatives in various pH, demonstrating that GTCs as a mixture in alkaline solutions were extremely unstable and degraded almost completely in a few minutes, whereas in acidic solutions (pH < 4) they were very stable. For the pH ranging from 4 to 7, the stability of GTCs was inversely associated with the pH value of the incubation solutions. The present study examined the effect of ascorbic acid and citric acid on the stability of GTCs incubated in sodium phosphate buffer (pH = 7.42). Ascorbic acid added to the incubation mixture significantly increased the stability of GTCs whereas citric acid exhibited no effect. Four epicatechin derivatives examined demonstrated varying stability, with EGCG and EGC be...
|
2022-12-26T20:40:58.997Z
|
85,533,048 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1287/mnsc.2017.2927",
"MAG": "2795281564",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
The agriculture industry plays a critical role in the U.S. economy, and various industry sectors depend on the output of farms. To protect and raise farmers’ income, the U.S. government offers two subsidy programs to farmers: the Price Loss Coverage (PLC) program, which pays farmers a subsidy when the market price falls below a reference price, and the Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) program, which is triggered when farmers’ revenue is below a threshold. Given the unique features of PLC and ARC, we develop models to analyze their impacts on consumers, farmers, and the government. Our analysis generates several insights. First, while PLC always motivates farmers to plant more acres compared to the no-subsidy case, farmers may plant fewer acres under ARC, leading to a lower crop supply. Second, despite the prevailing intuition that ARC generally dominates PLC, we show that both farmers and consumers may be better off under PLC for a large range of parameter values, even when the reference price represents t...
|
2023-01-01T19:08:42.044Z
|
37,960,073 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/15265161.2011.634950",
"MAG": "2053377799",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In “Nudge, Nudge or Shove, Shove,” Whyte, Selinger, Caplan, and Sadowski (2012) make a persuasive argument in favor of presumed choice as the right way to increase the supply of donated cadaver organs. However, their argument is supported by a criticism of mandated choice in the context of the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), as proposed by Thaler and Sunstein (2008,175–180). This criticism is particularly interesting since mandated choice has recently been adopted in the United Kingdom on the suggestion of the so-called Nudge-unit advised by Thaler. Thus, you now have to state whether you want to be an organ donor or not when you apply for a new or replacement license at the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) in the United Kingdom. Whyte and colleagues’ main criticism claims that mandated choice in the context of the DMV fails to do what nudges are supposed to do—namely, to help people make decisions in accordance with their preferences in situations where they lack the time, information, or are in an unanticipated emotional state, and to do this by working with
|
2023-01-01T19:36:10.451Z
|
122,893,143 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1117/1.601063",
"MAG": "2090520660",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We propose a temporally adaptive 3-D subband coding (3-D SBC) technique to effectively exploit the temporal activities in the input image sequence. By using the rate-distortion (R-D) performance measure, we show the optimal number of temporal subbands can be easily determined. The base temporal subband, which yields much concentrated energy, is encoded using the H.261-like motion-compensated discrete cosine transform (MC-DCT) technique. While in the higher temporal subbands, the two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive wavelet packet bases are employed to exploit the various energy distributions, due to the moving components. In encoding the subbands, we employ adaptive scanning methods, followed by uniform step-size quantization with variablelength coding (VLC), and a coded/not-coded flag reduction technique based on the quadtree structure. From the simulation results, the proposed 3-D SBC provides about 0.29- to 3.14-dB PSNR gain over the H.261 technique and the temporally fixed 3-D SBC techniques at bit rates 300 to 512 Kbits/s.
|
2022-02-09T18:51:24.212Z
|
124,236,338 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7498/aps.36.270",
"MAG": "2353954951",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.36.270"
}
|
Under UHV condition, the C-O stretching mode properties of diacetate cellulous (C_2H_8O_3-(COOCH_3)_2) adsorbed on polycrystalline Ag surface were studied by using PAS. The peakpo-sitions, and the peak shifts and FWHM's, of the vibrational mode at different adsorbate coverages and different temperatures were demonstrated. Some features of adsorption of macromolecules on metal are discussed. The results also show that our facilities has the satisfactory sentivities for surface submonolayer detection.
|
2022-02-09T18:30:35.417Z
|
138,939,162 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2514/6.1998-1961",
"MAG": "2335441569",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Degradation and microcracking in hygrothermal cycling environments seen by advanced systems are problems for composite materials. The problems are complex, in both their physical mechanisms and in the analysis and testing necessary to understand them. An existing understanding of degradation mechanisms, founded on mechanism-based models, is used here to simulate the response of composite laminates to two aspects of a typical use environment: moisture cycling that affects only thin layers near the surface and edges of exposed laminates, and thermal cycles that affect the entire laminate. In each case, results of models are compared to existing data, and, via parametric analyses, the models are used to design tests to accelerate the degradation.
|
2022-09-10T11:12:06.230Z
|
134,194,126 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1190/GEO2017-0765.1",
"MAG": "2802327014",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We developed a case study of seismic resolution enhancement for shale-oil reservoirs in the Q Depression, China, featured by rhythmic bedding. We proposed an innovative method for resolution enhancement, called the full-band extension method. We implemented this method in three consecutive steps: wavelet extraction, filter construction, and data filtering. First, we extracted a constant-phase wavelet from the entire seismic data set. Then, we constructed the full-band extension filter in the frequency domain using the least-squares inversion method. Finally, we applied the band extension filter to the entire seismic data set. We determined that this full-band extension method, with a stretched frequency band from 7–70 to 2–90 Hz, may significantly enhance 3D seismic resolution and distinguish reflection events of rhythmite groups in shale-oil reservoirs.
|
2022-09-13T00:52:08.418Z
|
22,488,361 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3109/00498259209051865",
"MAG": "2093523871",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
1. Microsomal reduction of azo dyes related to dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) is catalysed by at least two types of cytochrome P-450. The first is selectively induced by clofibrate. The second is induced by phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, isosafrole, and pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, as well as clofibrate. 2. Azoreduction by the first type of P-450 is insensitive to both O2 and CO and involves dyes with only electron-donating substituents (I substrates). 3. Azoreduction by the second type of P-450 is inhibited by both O2 and CO and involves dyes with electron-withdrawing as well as donating substituents (S substrates). 4. All azo dye substrates exhibit two negative and one positive redox potential, as measured anaerobically by cyclic voltammetry. The negative potentials reflect one- and two-electron reductions while the positive potential permits electron transfer from microsomal P-450, the redox potential for which is reported to be negative (approximately 0.35 V). The positive potential is associated with a polar electron-donating group para to the azo linkage, which is an absolute requirement for microsomal reduction. Dyes without this functional group do not exhibit positive potentials and are not reduced. 5. The first negative potential of S substrates is quenched upon admitting air to the system, whereas this potential is unaffected in I substrates. The relative stability of the one-electron reduced state may be an explanation for the differential O2 sensitivity of I and S substrate reduction.
|
2022-09-14T06:32:10.164Z
|
220,133,215 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.12740/PP/146877",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
no summary.
|
2022-10-21T01:27:30.973Z
|
253,169,333 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.19160/e-ijer.1117470",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://www.e-ijer.com/en/download/article-file/2431207"
}
|
Considering that the therapeutic relationship and therapeutic conditions are inseparable conditions for the counseling process, it is important to bring a scale to the Turkish literature to examine the interpersonal stress experienced by counselors during the counseling process. In this research, the scale adaptation process from one language to another language was carried out. In this context, validity and reliability studies were carried out in 4 different samples. As a result of the research, it was seen that there was a moderate and high-level significant relationship between the Turkish and English forms of the scale in all of the items. With this, it is seen that the four-dimensional structure (χ2/sd=2.881) was confirmed in the CFA results of the linguistic adaptation process in the validity and reliability study of ISSC. When the fit values of the ISSC are examined (RMSEA=.08, SRMR=.07, GFI=.89, and AGFI=.85), it is seen that the four-dimensional structure of the scale's CFA results is confirmed. Considering the item-total correlation of the ISSC, it is seen that the item-total scores vary between .237 and .634. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient calculated for the reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be .878, and the McDonald's ω coefficient was .874. When the test-retest results of the Turkish version of the scale were examined, it was concluded that the reliability value was r=.79 (p
|
2022-12-11T00:40:28.289Z
|
28,831,038 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2466/PMS.1990.70.3.777",
"MAG": "2089415722",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Fairly large groups of Type A and Type B college students were asked to respond to the Hassles and Uplifts Scale. The Type A students reported significantly more hassles and uplifts than their Type B peers. These data support the view that Type A people lead more intense, event-filled lives than Type B people.
|
2022-12-18T04:32:08.531Z
|
13,398,948 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1083/JCB.122.1.181",
"MAG": "2015298713",
"PubMedCentral": "2119600"
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We present evidence that the neurite out-growth stimulated by the binding of Thy-1 antibodies to PC12 cells is mediated by calcium influx through both N- and L-type calcium channels. PC12 cells cultured on a noncellular substratum in the presence of NGF, or on a cellular substratum in the absence of NGF, responded to soluble Thy-1 antibody by extending longer neurites. The response required bivalent antibody and could be blocked by removing Thy-1 from the surface of PC12 cells with phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C. The response could also be blocked by reducing extracellular calcium to 0.25 mM, or by antagonists of L- and N-type calcium channels. Additionally, the response could be fully inhibited by preloading PC12 cells with BAPTA/AM which buffers changes in intracellular calcium. A heterotrimeric G-protein is also implicated in the pathway as the response could be fully inhibited by pertussis toxin. These data suggest that antibody-induced clustering of Thy-1 stimulates neurite outgrowth by activating a second messenger pathway that has previously been shown to underlie cell adhesion molecule (NCAM, N-cadherin, and L1), but not integrin or NGF-dependent neurite outgrowth.
|
2022-12-21T07:32:02.994Z
|
1,382,521 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1128/AAC.30.4.559",
"MAG": "2013155230",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) from Haemophilus influenzae RD purified by a combination of affinity chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electroelution were used to immunize rabbits to obtain specific antisera. Antisera directed against PBP 1 (1b) of H. influenzae cross-reacted with representative organisms of the family Pasteurellaceae and with many members of the family Enterobacteriaceae but not with other gram-negative organisms. Immunization with purified PBP 3 of H. influenzae produced antisera that reacted with PBP 1 (1b) of H. influenzae and showed the same cross-reactive pattern with other species as the anti-PBP 1 antiserum. A 24,000-molecular-weight polypeptide of H. influenzae, not radiolabeled by [35S]penicillin, reacted with antisera against purified PBPs 1 (1a, 1b), 2, and 3. The results suggest that antigenic epitopes are shared among similar PBPs from related species and even among different PBPs within the same species.
|
2022-12-23T02:25:52.375Z
|
46,992,934 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0197608",
"MAG": "2806912823",
"PubMedCentral": "5991364"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197608"
}
|
Introduction A number of video-fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) abnormalities have been reported in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the most crucial finding of subsequent aspiration pneumonia has not been validated fully. We conducted a retrospective and case-control study to determine the clinically significant VFSS findings in this population, and to propose a practical scale for predicting aspiration pneumonia in patients with PD. Methods We enrolled 184 PD patients who underwent VFSS because of suspected dysphagia. The patients who developed aspiration pneumonia within six months of the VFSS were assigned as cases and the patients without aspiration pneumonia at six months were designated as controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the prognostic VFSS features based on the data of swallowing 3 mL of jelly, which were used to make a PD VFSS scale (PDVFS). The validity of the new PDVFS was evaluated by ROC analysis. Additionally, we used the survival time analysis to compare time to death between groups, stratified by the PDVFS score. Results Twenty-five patients developed aspiration pneumonia. Among the previously-proposed VFSS features, mastication, lingual motility prior to transfer, aspiration, and total swallow time were identified as significant prognostic factors. We combined these factors to form the PDVFS. The PDVFS score ranges from 0 to 12, with 12 being the worst. ROC analysis revealed 92% sensitivity and 82% specificity at a cutoff point of 3. The higher PDVFS group showed shorter time-to-death than the lower PDVFS group (log rank P = 0.001). Conclusion Our newly developed VFSS severity scale (based on jelly swallowing) for patients with PD was easy to rate and could predict subsequent aspiration pneumonia and poor prognosis in patients with PD.
|
2022-12-26T16:47:05.014Z
|
17,145,823 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.18637/JSS.V019.I05",
"MAG": "1894850789",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This article introduces Rcapture, an R package for capture-recapture experiments. The data for analysis consists of the frequencies of the observable capture histories over the t capture occasions of the experiment. A capture history is a vector of zeros and ones where one stands for a capture and zero for a miss. Rcapture can fit three types of models. With a closed population model, the goal of the analysis is to estimate the size N of the population which is assumed to be constant throughout the experiment. The estimator depends on the way in which the capture probabilities of the animals vary. Rcapture features several models for these capture probabilities that lead to different estimators for N. In an open population model, immigration and death occur between sampling periods. The estimation of survival rates is of primary interest. Rcapture can fit the basic Cormack-Jolly-Seber and Jolly-Seber model to such data. The third type of models fitted by Rcapture are robust design models. It features two levels of sampling; closed population models apply within primary periods and an open population model applies between periods. Most models in Rcapture have a loglinear form; they are fitted by carrying out a Poisson regression with the R function glm. Estimates of the demographic parameters of interest are derived from the loglinear parameter estimates; their variances are obtained by linearization. The novel feature of this package is the provision of several new options for modeling capture probabilities heterogeneity between animals in both closed population models and the primary periods of a robust design. It also implements many of the techniques developed by R. M. Cormack for open population models.
|
2022-12-28T23:23:19.742Z
|
213,886,591 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1757-899X/731/1/012011",
"MAG": "3001944889",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In the framework of this research, the authors proposed an algorithm for predicting the residual life of structures made of polymer composite materials (PCM) using the structural-phenomenological model. To assess the residual life of PCM structures under cyclic loading, it was proposed to use the approach of explicit description of the adhesive layers destruction process. In accordance with the developed algorithm, in the process of cyclic loading in the adhesive layers, the level of damage was recorded; upon reaching a critical damage level, the adhesive layers destruction was simulated. The algorithm was tested on sample structures with a defect in the form of delamination and without defects. A numerical study of the delamination defect location influence at the onset of fatigue failure of model structures was carried out.
|
2022-07-31T08:31:12.392Z
|
46,976,596 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/LPT.2018.2838262",
"MAG": "2804191902",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We constructed a relatively simple inexpensive wavemeter with completely static parts to measure the laser wavelength accurately based on diffraction from a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) displayed on a digital micromirror device. The unknown laser wavelength was measured by finding the proper FZP, focusing the laser beam exactly into the specified focal point. The relative uncertainty in the order of 10−5 was attained in He:Ne and second harmonic of Nd:YAG laser wavelength measurement.
|
2022-12-02T14:42:54.447Z
|
143,777,683 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0163443708091180",
"MAG": "1980466249",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this study, ‘video game’ is an umbrella term for arcade games, console games, single PC games and online games. Video games have a 20-year history in China and continually impress us with their impressive statistics. With over 20 million online gamers and the largest game population in the world, China was predicted to be the largest online game market in 2007 (Game Trust and Diffusion Group, 2004). In 2005 alone, video games generated 6.7 billion RMB (US $0.8 billion) of revenue in China (Popsoft, 2006). Playing video games has displaced TV watching as a major leisure activity among Chinese youth. A recent survey showed that 25.4 percent of urban youth reported video games as the medium they most enjoyed, followed by television (18.8%). Average playtime reached 0.98 hours a day (Yang et al., 2004). As video gaming soared in popularity, it became recognized as an official sport by the state. Aside from being a huge economic and entertainment phenomenon, video games have complex social and cultural impacts. Researchers suggest video games are becoming a social location in which new social relations, community networks, and new life-styles are formed (e.g. Humphrey, 2005; Whang, 2003). Furthermore, as a new and popular medium, video games have significant ideological and cultural influences on young people. They also function as a rich art form and a new venue for critical expression (Jenkins and Squire, 2002). Despite their cultural and social significance, rapid growth and widespread appeal in China, video games – unlike traditional media – have received scant attention from international communication researchers. This study is among the first attempts to fill the void by providing an outline of video game development in China, and develops game scholarship by providing research into
|
2022-12-09T18:55:07.406Z
|
116,142,348 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "1102.0798",
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18302.x",
"MAG": "51656151",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/413/3/2259/2909218/mnras0413-2259.pdf"
}
|
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) and galactic black hole binaries (GBHs) represent two classes of accreting black holes. They both contain an accretion disc emitting a thermal radiation, and a non-thermal X-ray emitting corona. GBHs exhibit state transitions, and their spectral states are characterized by different luminosity levels and shapes of the spectral energy distribution (SED). If AGN transitioned in a similar way, the characteristic timescales of such transitions would exceed ~10^5 years. Thus, the probability to observe an individual AGN transiting between different spectral states is very low. In this paper we follow a spectral evolution of a GBH, GRO~J1655-40, and then apply its SED evolution pattern to a simulated population of AGN under an assumption that a large sample of AGN should contain a mixture of sources in different spectral states. We model the X-ray spectra of GRO J1655-40 with the eqpair model and then scale the best-fitting models with the black hole mass to simulate the AGN spectra. We compare the simulated and observed AGN SEDs to determine the spectral states of observed Type 1 AGN, LINER and NLS1 populations. We conclude that bright Type 1 AGN and NLS1 galaxies are in a spectral state similar to the soft spectral state of GBHs, while the spectral state of LINERs may correspond to the hard spectral state of GBHs. We find that taking into account a spread in the black hole masses over several orders of magnitude, as in the observed AGN samples, leads to a correlation between the X-ray loudness and the monochromatic luminosity at 2500A, similar to that found in observations. We predict however that the correlation changes its sign around a critical luminosity of L_crit ~ 0.01 L_E.
|
2022-12-11T05:48:38.383Z
|
46,929,546 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2217/epi-2018-0052",
"MAG": "2807617506",
"PubMedCentral": "6240850"
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/pdf/10.2217/epi-2018-0052"
}
|
Aim: Charcot foot (CF) is a rare complication of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials & methods: We assessed circulating miRNAs in 17 patients with T2D and acute CF (G1), 17 patients with T2D (G2) and equivalent neuropathy and 17 patients with T2D without neuropathy (G3) using the high-throughput miRNA expression profiling. Results: 51 significantly deregulated miRNAs were identified in G1 versus G2, 37 in G1 versus G3 and 64 in G2 versus G3. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 16 miRNAs differentially expressed between G1 versus G2 could be involved in osteoclastic differentiation. Among them, eight are key factors involved in CF pathophysiology. Conclusion: Our data reveal that CF patients exhibit an altered expression profile of circulating miRNAs.
|
2022-12-21T04:39:16.838Z
|
72,115,044 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306118.171",
"MAG": "2031201189",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Introduction Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which foam cell macrophage (FCM) accumulation is initiated by hypercholesterolemia. Classical (M1) and alternative (M2) activation of FCMs could play important roles in atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture, in part by increasing production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which directly destabilise plaques. Thelper1(Th1) lymphocytes are believed essential for classical macrophage activation in plaque by secreting cytokines including interferon gamma, although this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested. Methods and Results We compared mRNA levels of putative markers for M1/M2 macrophage activation, MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in FCMs from subcutaneous sponges implanted into high fat fed ApoE knockout (EO) and ApoE/Tbet double knockout (DKO) mice; the later lack Th1 lymphocytes. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry(IHC) on aortic sinuses (AS) and brachiocephalic arteries (BCA) to compare markers of classical/M1(iNOS) or alternative/M2(Arg1) activation and MMP/TIMP protein expression. Only male mice were used. Data for mRNA (amplicon copies/ng RNA) and the proportion of staining in the plaque (% of total plaque area) are reported as mean ± SEM. FCMs in subcutaneous sponges from DKO mice had significantly less iNOS mRNA than those from EO mice (22 ± 3 vs 90 ± 13) and the same was true for MMP13 (7000 ± 1600 vs 15000 ± 2300). Unexpectedly, however, Arg-1 was also significantly less in DKO FCMs (32400 ± 4100 vs 55400 ± 5400). There were no differences in MMP12 (~60000), MMP14 (~6) or TIMP3 (~1500) transcript levels. DKO mice had significantly smaller plaques than EO mice in the AS but not the BCA. Although ASplaques were more macrophage rich than BCAplaques, IHC showed no difference in the percentage of plaque area occupied by macrophages in DKO and EO mice, either in the AS (70.9 ± 6.4% vs 69.1 ± 4.6%) or BCA (48.9 ± 7.2% vs 48.4 ± 4.9%). ASplaques of DKO mice were significantly enriched in smooth muscle cells vs EO mice (29.01 ± 0.17% vs 14.87 ± 0.06%) but the opposite was observed in BCAplaques (9.15 ± 0.05% vs 16.13 ± 0.08%). There were no significant differences between DKO and EO mice in the proportion of plaque area positive for iNOS (~10–20%) in either site. However, MMP13 protein expression (<20% in either site) was significantly increased in the AS in DKOvsEO mice (37.1 ± 6.8% vs 17.2 ± 2.6%) and the same was true for Arg-1 (<10% in either site) (5.58 ± 2.31% vs 0.91 ± 0.54%, respectively); both opposite of the sponge results. MMP12 protein expression was overall high (~50% of plaque area) and significantly less in DKOvsEO mice (22.6 ± 3.0% vs 56.1 ± 13.5%) in the BCA. Although there was more MMP14 protein in AS than BCA plaques (~50% vs ~30% respectively), there were no differences between the two genotypes. Finally, TIMP3 protein expression was significantly increased in AS plaques in DKOvsEO mice (41.1 ± 6.3% vs 27.2 ± 4.0%). Conclusion Deletion of Th1 lymphocytes altered several properties of FCMs in subcutaneous sponges and atherosclerotic plaques. However, the effects were the opposite in sponges and in atherosclerotic plaques and do not fit the M1/M2 paradigm. Smaller size, increased smooth muscle cells, decreased expression of MMP12 and increased TIMP3 in AS plaques of DKO mice could imply a deleterious effect of Th1 cells on plaque stability.
|
2022-02-11T10:15:32.660Z
|
229,423,898 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/oso/9780190459086.003.0016",
"MAG": "3108472940",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The most promising Israeli-Palestinian negotiations occurred in the 2000 Camp David and Taba conferences, presided over by Bill Clinton. According to the Israeli mythology, Prime Minister Ehud Barak offered the Palestinians an independent state in at least 95 percent of the occupied territories. However, Arafat and the PLO rejected the offer, and then launched a new violent and often terrorist intifada, demonstrating that they still sought to destroy Israel and take over all of historic Palestine. As with the many other mythologies in the Arab-Israeli conflict, this bears little resemblance to reality. In fact, Barak refused to withdraw the settlers, refused to give the Palestinians sovereignty over mosques in the Old City, refused to allow a Palestinian capital in East Jerusalem, and refused to acknowledge any Israeli responsibility for the Nakba and the plight of the refugees. At the follow-up Taba conference, the Israeli delegation was more forthcoming on the central issues, but Barak disowned their concessions.
|
2022-02-07T22:57:15.163Z
|
62,693,347 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1108/01435120410699050",
"MAG": "2081715654",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Presents a report from the conference Preserving America’s Printed Resources: The Roles of Repositories, Depositories, and Collections of Record, organized by the Center for Research Libraries. This was a two‐part event held in Chicago, 21‐22 July 2003, and this report summarizes the second part, which was an extended discussion on the theme of repositories and collections of record, asking “How can libraries work together to optimize management of the nation’s knowledge resources in printed form?” The intended outcome of the discussion was to be an agenda consisting of realistic near‐ and long‐term national‐level actions, and identifying the appropriate participants in those activities and the roles those participants might play.
|
2022-09-04T10:42:50.606Z
|
203,303,739 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.33379/gtech.v2i1.331",
"MAG": "2972276980",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://ejournal.uniramalang.ac.id/index.php/g-tech/article/download/331/363"
}
|
PT Mandau Cipta Tenaga Nusantara (MCTN) sebagai pemilik North Duri Cogeneration (NDC) Plant memiliki kontrak dengan PT Chevron Pacific Indonesia untuk menyediakan listrik dan steam (uap). Proses penghasilan listrik dan uap ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan turbin dan NDC Plant memiliki tiga buah Combustion Turbine (CT) yang masing-masing mempunyai kemampuan pembangkitan listrik (capability performance) 100 MW. Untuk tetap menjaga kemampuan pembangkitan listriknya berada pada titik maksimum, PT MCTN memerlukan ramalan tentang kemampuan pembangkitan listrik masing-masing turbin untuk beberapa waktu mendatang, sehingga segala gejala-gejala yang dapat menurunkan kemampuan kerja turbin dapat di minimalisir.
|
2022-12-16T15:06:19.025Z
|
234,645,865 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-64740/v1",
"MAG": "3120823031",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-64740/v1.pdf"
}
|
Background. It is commonly recognized that interspinous spacers were not generally suitable for the application in L5-S1 level due to the short S1 spinous process.In this retrospective study, the feasibility and validity of the IntraSpine interlaminar device in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation on the L5/S1 level were evaluated.Methods. During the January 2018 and December 2018, a total of 30 patients, who were hospitalized in our hospital due to lumbar disc herniation (LDH) on the L5/S1 level, were included in the current study. The clinical symptoms before surgery, post-operation (3 days after surgery), 6 months after surgery, 12 months after surgery, and final follow-up were assessed using the back and leg visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI). Sagittal diameter of the lumbar spinal canal (SD), posterior disc height (PDH), left and right foramina height (LFH and RFH), left and right foramina width (LFW and RFW) were measured by sagittal reconstructions of CT scans. The range of motion (ROM) of L5-S1 level was estimated by lumbar dynamic X-ray images.Results. The back VAS, leg VAS, ODI, were significantly improved after surgery(P<0.05). The SD, PHD, LFH, RFH, LFW, and RFW after the operation and in the follow-up period were statistically different from those before surgery (P<0.05). The ROM of L5/S1 level at final follow-up was not statistically different from that before surgery (P = 0.299). 93.3% of patients demonstrated successful outcomes.Conclusions. The combination of IntraSpine interlaminar device with lumbar discectomy is an effective minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of L5/S1 disc herniation, which can delay and prevent the reduction of the disc height after discectomy in L5/S1 segment.
|
2022-06-13T21:56:45.009Z
|
153,031,726 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5860/choice.29-5266",
"MAG": "649812990",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This is a unique, absorbing, firsthand account of an activist during the most exciting period in Irish history. Kathleen Clarke was a political activist and wife of Tom Clarke, first signatory of the Easter 1916 Proclamation. She was entrusted with all the plans and decisions of the Irish Republican Brotherhood prior to the Rising and in its aftermath lost both her husband and her only brother, Ned Daly, who were executed. Her story is one of incredible personal courage and commitment and an authentic account of the turbulent times and the famous people who shaped the future of Ireland. Kathleen knew and worked with many of the major figures in modern Irish history - De Valera, Michael Collins, Padraig Pearse, James Connolly, and the book contains personal, enlightening, often funny and sometimes controversial insights into these fascinating personalities. As well as the 1916 period her story includes the setting up of Cumann na mBan, the O'Donovan Rossa funeral, Kathleen's period in prison with Countess Markievicz and Maud Gonne Mac Bride, the Black and Tan raids, the Treaty and the Civil War. Kathleen remained politically active all her life and in 1939 became the first woman Lord Mayor of Dublin. She died in 1972, at the age of 94 and was honoured with a State funeral. Illustrated with rare historical material and photos from the Clarke and Daly family albums, this title is edited by Helen Litton, granddaughter of Laura Daly O'Sullivan, younger sister of Kathleen Clarke. She lives in Dublin and works as a freelance indexer, proof-reader and editor.
|
2022-09-09T08:49:35.422Z
|
31,995,098 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4314/ahs.v13i2.34",
"MAG": "2072125256",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ahs/article/download/93560/82986"
}
|
BACKGROUND
Pelvic infection, unsafe abortion and previous laparatomy are risk factors for tubal infertility among Nigerian women. Reports on the relationship between these factors and tubal pathology seen on hysterosalpingography (HSG) from our environment have been few.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of tubal occlusions among patients referred for HSG and examine the association between previous history of abdominopelvic surgery (including dilatation and curettage for abortion) and tubal occlusion.
METHODS
We studied one hundred and thirty women referred to the Radiology department for HSG because of infertility. HSG was performed during the early proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Information about type and duration of infertility, history of abdomino -pelvic surgery and history suggestive of previous pelvic infection, were obtained from the patients. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 11. Test of association using the chi-square test was done where appropriate and differences were considered at p= 0.05.
RESULTS
Sixty one women had bilaterally patent tubes; tubal pathology was seen in sixty nine women. Significant association exits between tubal pathology and history of pelvic surgery p=0.01, pelvic infection p=0.02 and duration of infertility p=0.04.
CONCLUSION
Previous surgery especially dilation and curettage, PID duration and type of infertility are associated with tubal pathology among Nigerian women. Creative methods of lowering the cost of diagnosis and management of tubal occlusion need to be instituted.
|
2022-11-18T01:09:16.993Z
|
253,090,427 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/jas/skac313.006",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Backfat and carcass fatness is an important quality attribute in meat animals. A substantial economic gain in the livestock industry may result from the discovery of metabolites, which can improve methods for predicting desirable livestock traits before harvest. Complex phenotypes can be identified for genetic selection or precision management using metabolic and genetic biomarkers. An analysis of ovine samples collected before harvest from wethers with different degrees of back fat was conducted using serum samples obtained from 15 sheep (5 from each back fat class), 60 d, 30 d, and just before harvest. This study quantified 55 serum metabolites that play important roles in ovine metabolism by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. An RNAseq dataset was generated from each sheep's muscle and adipose tissue at harvest. A statistical analysis of the data was performed using MetaboAnalyst Version 5.0 software in R. The results of multiple analyses showed that three metabolites, betaine, choline, and dimethylamine, are associated with sheep's fat class at a significance of (P < 0.01). Integration with gene expression datasets is still underway due to the limitations of annotating sheep genes. In addition, these metabolites are novel and have never been shown to modulate fat class in sheep. To elucidate methods of predicting which livestock produce ideal carcasses, further research is needed to investigate how betaine and choline impact fatness in sheep.
|
2022-12-02T12:09:03.736Z
|
96,630,931 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1063/1.448490",
"MAG": "2075703991",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Thirteen bound vibrational levels (v=0–12) and a portion of the continuum of the Na2 a 3Σ+u state have been observed in rotationally resolved fluorescence spectra from single rotation‐vibration levels of two 3Πg states. These 3Πg states were populated by A 1Σ+u∼b 3Πu perturbation‐facilitated optical–optical double resonance from the X 1Σ+g state. Analysis, using a LeRoy–Bernstein long‐range expression for the energy levels, produced an RKR potential curve from which were derived, in combination with recent results obtained by Barrow et al. on the X 1Σ+g state, principal constants for the a 3Σ+u state of re=5.0911(30) A, De=174.45(36) cm−1, ωe=24.47(21) cm−1, and Te=5848.21(35) cm−1. In addition, the exchange interaction between two ground state Na atoms was found from the difference between the X 1Σ+g and a 3Σ+u potential curves to be well represented by an exponential, A exp(‐BR), A=9.44(71)×105 cm−1, B=1.448(14) A−1 for R≳5.0 A.
|
2022-12-08T17:30:43.819Z
|
129,292,696 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5902/2358198013998",
"MAG": "2052937453",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://periodicos.ufsm.br/balduinia/article/download/13998/8732"
}
|
A historia da ocupacao humana no Pontal do Quarai, extremo sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, e da evolucao do conhecimento botânico e fitogeografico sobre a vegetacao do Parque Estadual do Espinilho, sao presentemente investigados, com vistas a contribuir ao embasamento cientifico regional.
|
2022-12-10T05:56:14.031Z
|
42,761,043 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1302/0301-620X.70B2.3346283",
"MAG": "2186596091",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The frequency of slipping and osteoarthritis of the contralateral hip was recorded in 260 patients with slipped upper femoral epiphysis between 1910 and 1960. Twenty-three of these patients (9%) had primary bilateral slipping, 32 (12%) had a contralateral slip diagnosed later during adolescence and a further 104 (40%) had signs of contralateral slipping at follow-up 16 to 66 years later, giving a total of 159 cases (61%) with bilateral slips. Of the 104 slippings diagnosed at follow-up, 25% showed osteoarthritis. It is concluded that, with a slipped epiphysis, prophylactic contralateral pinning should be performed to avoid slipping and to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis.
|
2022-12-13T20:23:29.050Z
|
7,310,792 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1166/JNN.2010.1591",
"MAG": "1997446339",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The aim of this paper is to prepare Fe3O4 nanoparticles and study its immunotherapeutic effect as adjuvants on mice H22 live cancer. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical coprecipitation route. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Analysis (EDS) were used to characterize Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were compared with the common alum adjuvants for its ability to induce immunity to inhibit tumor growth rate by prophylactic and therapeutic studies. Results indicated that Fe3O4 nanopaticles adsorbed autovaccine took great advantages over the common alum adjuvants after subcutaneous injection, raised the mass inhibitory rate of tumor, boosted the activity of cytotoxicity and enhanced the level of IFN-gamma cytokine. Thus, we concluded that Fe3O4 nanoparticles as adjuvants had great potential for enhancing anti-tumor immune response.
|
2022-12-20T21:08:44.420Z
|
235,809,021 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/acschembio.1c00175",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Settlement and metamorphosis of planktonic larvae into benthic adults are critical components of a diverse range of marine invertebrate-mediated processes such as the formation of mussel beds and coral reefs, the recruitment of marine shellfisheries, and the initiation of macrobiofouling. Although larval settlement and metamorphosis induced by natural chemical cues is widespread among marine invertebrates, the mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, we identified that the molecular target of adenosine (an inducer of larval settlement and metamorphosis from conspecific adults in the invasive biofouling mussel Mytilopsis sallei) is adenosine kinase (ADK). The results of transcriptomic analyses, pharmacological assays, temporal and spatial gene expression analyses, and siRNA interference, suggest that ATP-dependent phosphorylation of adenosine catalyzed by ADK activates the downstream AMPK-FoxO signaling pathway, inducing larval settlement and metamorphosis in M. sallei. This study not only reveals the role of the ADK-AMPK-FoxO pathway in larval settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrates but it also deepens our understanding of the functions and evolution of adenosine signaling, a process that is widespread in biology and important in medicine.
|
2022-12-24T08:25:05.659Z
|
14,526,844 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5305",
"MAG": "2335038633",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Medical imaging plays a vital role to create images of human body for clinical purposes. Biomedical imaging has taken a leap by entering into the field of image registration. Image registration integrates the large amount of medical information embedded in the images taken at different time intervals and images at different orientations. In this paper, an intensity-based real-coded genetic algorithm is used for registering two MRI images. To demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm developed, the alignment of the image is altered and algorithm is tested for better performance. Also the work involves the comparison of two similarity metrics, and based on the outcome the best metric suited for genetic algorithm is studied.
|
2022-02-13T02:37:38.939Z
|
170,991,226 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4067/S0718-33052006000200008",
"MAG": "2009794957",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Se perforo un tubo de cobre de 28,6 mm de diametro, por el proceso de taladrado por fluencia termica (TFT). Se prepararon manguitos de diferentes alturas, haciendo un preperforado con brocas convencionales HSS de diferentes diametros. Se seleccionaron manguitos de dos alturas diferentes. Se determino la circularidad de la perforacion. Se soldo un tubo cobre de o 12,7 mm en forma perpendicular a un tubo de cobre de o 28,6 mm y se determino la resistencia a la traccion de la union soldada, para lo cual se diseno un dispositivo mecanico que fue adaptado en la maquina universal de ensayos. Se hicieron ensayos de microdureza y metalografia de la union. Se concluyo que el manguito de menor altura es suficiente para que la union alcance la maxima resistencia.
|
2022-05-13T00:33:37.347Z
|
109,320,604 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5515/JKIEES.2007.7.3.138",
"MAG": "1966529873",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this paper, a monopole antenna of conical-cylindrical compound shape is presented. The conventional circular conical monopole antenna is modified by placing a cylinder at the top of the inverted cone. The cylindrical portion is useful in the wideband impedance matching, in adjusting the antenna gain in the horizontal direction, and in reducing the cone diameter. The dependence of the antenna performance on various geometric parameters is investigated using a commercial electromagnetic simulation software, from which an optimum design of the antenna is derived. The diameter of the circular ground plane is minimized to 1/5 wavelength at the lowest operating frequency. The antenna proposed in this study shows a reflection coefficient less than ?10 ㏈ and a 1～6 ㏈i gain over 3～20 ㎓ frequencies. The antenna shows a circular-symmetric radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and a null-free pattern in the vertical direction over the whole operating frequency range.
|
2022-07-08T06:55:45.646Z
|
8,198,328 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/ACM.0000000000001932",
"MAG": "2760131125",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Purpose The value of the health care services provided by academic health centers (AHCs) in the United States increasingly is being questioned. AHCs play a prominent role in developing new surgical innovations, including new minimally invasive techniques, which are costly up front but can lead to significant benefits like decreased morbidity and lengths of stays. This study explored the role of AHCs in the adoption of these surgical innovations as a novel measure of their value. Method The authors combined data from the American Hospital Association and the State Inpatient Databases from California, Florida, Washington State, and New York. They compared the number and percentage of patients who received four new, innovative surgical procedures (vs. those who received the traditional procedures) at Council of Teaching Hospitals (COTH) hospitals to those at non-COTH hospitals from 2009 to 2011. Results Overall, 61.1% (27,175) of the procedures performed at COTH hospitals used new techniques, compared with 47.2% (41,680) at non-COTH hospitals, across all years (P < .0001). The number and percentage of procedures using the new techniques increased in all years and for all procedures. Conclusions Not only do AHCs play a role in developing surgical innovations but they also adopt these new techniques more quickly than other hospitals, and thereby they provide additional benefits to patients. These findings provide an important and understudied perspective on the value of AHCs.
|
2022-08-16T08:32:47.563Z
|
151,348,380 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5465/ambpp.2015.12",
"MAG": "2554817618",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Invention disclosure is a complex problem for many university faculty inventors. Existing studies have investigated related issues. However, few researchers have considered this issue from the perspectives of disclosure stage and type. This paper seeks to narrow this research gap by investigating the influences of economic benefit, reputation, competition and collaboration on invention disclosure. We build several theoretical models and find that reputation and competition have opposite effects on university disclosure, whereas economic benefit and collaboration are positively related to firm disclosure. We also find that these four influencing factors have a close relationship with the disclosure stage. The simulation results further illustrate that initial and additional reputations have different impacts on the disclosure stage. An increase in the faculty's and the firm's capability promotes firm disclosure in the early stages, while the capability of the competitor has an opposite impact. However, ent...
|
2022-08-25T08:53:24.182Z
|
91,510,699 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1155/1965/852314",
"MAG": "2900772544",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CC0",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/1965/852314.pdf"
}
|
(C.T.P.), C. T. Parsons collection, Manchester Depot, Vermont; (C.U.), Cornell University; (F.P.B.), Florida Plant Board, Gainesville; (H.C.F.), H. C. Fall collection in M.C.Z. ; (H.F.H.), Henry F. Howden collection; (111. N. H. S.), Illinois Natural History Survey; (M.C.Z.), Museum of Comparative Zoology; (U.S.N.M.), United States National Museum. Manuscript received by the editor March 16, 1965.
|
2022-09-30T01:42:35.434Z
|
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