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145,514,733 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2478/bhk-2014-0023",
"MAG": "2132495121",
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"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2014-0023"
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|
Summary Study aim: to evaluate the differences in H-reflex parameters in lying and standing positions in canoeists. Material and methods: twenty seven male canoeists (age 17.2 ± 1.6 year, body mass 73.7 ± 7.6 kg, height 180.9 ± 6.1 cm, training experience 6.5 ± 3.6 years) participated in the study. None of the subjects had any history of neuromuscular disorders. The soleus H-reflex was examined in each subject twice: in lying and standing position. H-reflex was elicited by one-millisecond electrical stimulation of a posterior tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. A recruitment curve for each subject was obtained by gradually increasing the stimulus intensity. Results: the results obtained in the present study showed statistically significant differences of the variables characterising effects of stimulations performed in lying and standing positions (F4,23 = 8.063; p < 0.001). H/M ratio was 0.50 ± 0.25 and 0.64 ± 0.27 for lying and standing positions, respectively. Our results support previous findings. Conclusions: the lying position is recommended for measurements as more comfortable for subjects and providing a greater level of the elicited H-reflex.
|
2022-11-25T00:33:46.972Z
|
201,506,166 |
{
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"DOI": "10.21827/5C580FEC68065",
"MAG": "2965385140",
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
When a speaker wishes to charge his utterance with emotions and (temporarily) doesn’t bother about social conventions, he can use a taboo minimizer. Such a minimizer consists of a negative element followed by a tabooed N. This article shows which Frisian taboo terms can function as the N and what their user frequency is. This has been investigated on the internet, as this is preeminently a place where emotional messages can be expected. Google searches demonstrate that Frisian has at least 23 taboo words showing up as a minimizer. The output can be subdivided into three categories: 1) obscenities, 2) religion and superstition and 3) diseases. The first category is the most extensive, the second category is the most frequent, while the third category consists of only one word. The four most popular taboo minimizers are bliksem (‘lightning’), reet (‘ass’), donder (‘thunder’) and sek (‘scrotum’), and the fifth position is shared by barst (‘crack’) and moer (‘mother’). The last two illustrate the idiomatic character of minimizers: moer and barst have an unclear denotation, but when used as the N in a minimizer it is perfectly clear what they mean.
|
2022-12-11T21:03:28.770Z
|
152,293,965 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4337/9781847209917.00019",
"MAG": "800696660",
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"url": null
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|
This book examines how different countries define and address environmental issues, specifically in relation to intergovernmental relations: the creation of institutions, the assignment of powers, and the success of alternative solutions. It also investigates whether a systemic view of the environment has influenced the policy-making process. The broad perspective adopted includes a detailed analysis of seventeen countries in six continents by scholars from a range of disciplines – economics, political science, environmental science and law – thus producing novel material that moves away from the conventional treatment of decentralisation and the environment in economic literature.
|
2022-12-12T09:12:33.744Z
|
53,374,070 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1149/1.1837810",
"MAG": "2009037751",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132&context=eche_facpub"
}
|
The effectiveness of 5-(4-pyridyl)-2,7-nonadiene, and 1 phenyl-2-propyn-ol (PP) on inhibition of the hydrogen evolution reaction on a 1010 steel membrane and on the degree of hydrogen ingress into the membrane was determined. Hydrogen evolution rates and permeation currents were monitored as a function of time at different applied potentials. In the presence of 0.5 g/liter PP in the electrolyte, the hydrogen discharge and permeation current density were inhibited by 98 and 95%, respectively.
|
2022-12-16T15:05:29.931Z
|
16,599,278 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.2611898",
"MAG": "2135918532",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://papers.tinbergen.nl/15064.pdf"
}
|
We provide a nonparametric revealed preference approach to demand analysis based on homothetic efficiency. Homotheticity is a useful restriction but data rarely satisfies testable conditions. To overcome this we provide a way to estimate homothetic efficiency of consumption choices. It generalises Heufer's (2013) two-dimensional concept to arbitrary dimensions and is motivated by a form of rationalisation similar to Halevy et al. (2012). The method allows to recover larger preferred and worse sets and provides considerably more preditive success and discriminatory power against random behaviour. An application to experimental and household expenditure data illustrates the potential of our approach.
|
2022-12-16T20:55:04.640Z
|
226,492,142 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3233/jifs-189379",
"MAG": "3092412336",
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This study utilizes empirical research method to compile the questionnaire for the motivation of Chinese medical students coming to China. The survey was conducted on 653 medical students from 55 origin countries and 8 universities in China. In addition to motivation research, we also analyzes the relationship between the factors such as university, educational background, gender and origin of students and the motivation. The results show that safe and stable social environment, profound history and culture, and a large number of universities are the most important motives for foreign students to study medicine in China. There are significant differences in the motivations of international medical students from different genders, universities, and educational background to study abroad, and but there were no significant differences among students from different countries of origin.
|
2022-12-15T17:51:54.481Z
|
13,998,610 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/hbm.22117",
"MAG": "1923946347",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740035"
}
|
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common source of morbidity from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. With no overt lesions on structural MRI, diagnosis of chronic mild TBI in military veterans relies on obtaining an accurate history and assessment of behavioral symptoms that are also associated with frequent comorbid disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Military veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan with mild TBI (n = 30) with comorbid PTSD and depression and non‐TBI participants from primary (n = 42) and confirmatory (n = 28) control groups were assessed with high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI). White matter‐specific registration followed by whole‐brain voxelwise analysis of crossing fibers provided separate partial volume fractions reflecting the integrity of primary fibers and secondary (crossing) fibers. Loss of white matter integrity in primary fibers (P < 0.05; corrected) was associated with chronic mild TBI in a widely distributed pattern of major fiber bundles and smaller peripheral tracts including the corpus callosum (genu, body, and splenium), forceps minor, forceps major, superior and posterior corona radiata, internal capsule, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and others. Distributed loss of white matter integrity correlated with duration of loss of consciousness and most notably with “feeling dazed or confused,” but not diagnosis of PTSD or depressive symptoms. This widespread spatial extent of white matter damage has typically been reported in moderate to severe TBI. The diffuse loss of white matter integrity appears consistent with systemic mechanisms of damage shared by blast‐ and impact‐related mild TBI that involves a cascade of inflammatory and neurochemical events. Hum Brain Mapp 34:2986–2999, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
2022-12-16T04:12:14.426Z
|
166,378,289 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.310419",
"MAG": "3125816583",
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"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17556/1/17556.pdf"
}
|
This paper offers analysis of corporate governance issues behind the stock market performance (stock returns and activity) in nine Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Over the period June 1994 - June 2001, on average the CEE stock markets have had lower returns and higher risk than developed markets. This is explained by the negative influence of the two crisis years (1995 and 1998), the 'flight to quality' effect. Among other reasons, there are cases when prices have been artificially kept down by the controlling owners in order to abuse the minority shareholders. The evidence shows that the enforcement of law matters more than the quality of law on the books, which is in line with previous research (Pistor et al, 2000). I find that the effectiveness (enforcement) of financial regulations has the highest explanatory power of stock market returns in the sample countries. The protection of minority shareholders (Legal index) has a significant impact on market activity, measured by market turnover to market capitalization ratio.
|
2023-01-01T18:51:53.772Z
|
143,562,277 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1215/0961754X-2422971",
"MAG": "1998908814",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In the context of an issue of Common Knowledge dedicated to instances of experimental scholarship and to discussion of them, this contribution by a social historian of medieval England sets out to demonstrate that an empirical alternative to tendentious and interpretive historiography, despite all claims to the contrary, is possible and valuable. In this monograph-length article, the texts of selected documents in the Adair Family Collection (Suffolk Record Office, Lowestoft Branch, call number 741) are set forth, often verbatim, and, though minutely contextualized, are subjected to only the lightest analysis. Scant thematic cues organize this in-depth exploration of the wills, deeds of purchase, quitclaims, rentals, indentures, receipts, charitable bequests, and other legal and commercial transactions of John Tasburgh I (d. 1473), his wife Margery (d. 1485), John Tasburgh II (d. 1509), his wife Olive, and their families, dependents, assigns, and parishes. Peripheral attention is paid to the better-known John Hopton and to the family of John Paston I, II, and III. Richmond’s own readings of texts and circumstances appear largely in the form of questions, as if he were writing marginalia for his own later use while reading. Thus, the historian does all the archival work necessary for readers to arrive at their own hypotheses about how rurality related to urbanity in fifteenth-century Suffolk and, perhaps, also about the meaning of the word urbane .
|
2022-02-09T07:28:08.944Z
|
87,277,688 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2307/1215996",
"MAG": "2321561330",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
As a result of the current intense activity in the field of botanical taxonomy, changes in the scientific names of plants are common. Though it is inconvenient to use these "new" names, no botanist would dream of continuing to use the old and wrong ones. Some of the plants whose names have been changed recently are of economic value, and their "new" names have been most unfavourably received by horticulturalists, foresters and other practical botanists. To consider the problems raised by name-changes at the specific level, a Special Committee on Stabilization has been appointed. One of this Committee's duties would be to consider the possibility of establishing lists of standard names of economically useful plants. Little (Unasylva 1956: 194) has made a most useful proposal concerning the rejection of specific names and epithets not used for 50 years after their original publication; unfortunately such a provision could only be applied in cases where the neglected name and that in common use refer to exactly the same species with the same range of distribution. However, when all the changes of name are considered, it is evident that only a small proportion are due to the discovery of earlier synonyms. Far more frequently, the change is for one of the following reasons: 1. Plants described from different regions are found to be identical. This is especially frequent in species with a wide geographical distribution (cf. the synonymy of Cedrela mexicana M. J. Roemer). 2. The names of species based on inadequate herbarium are often found to be synonyms of previously described species. (E.g. Enneatypus nordenskjoeldii described by Herzog, who saw only masculine flowers of a dioecious tree, is neither a new genus nor a new species but Ruprechtia polystachya Gris.). 3. Species placed in the wrong genus by their authors have to be transferred to the correct genus, which may even belong to another family. (E.g. the Virginia creeper, Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. was described by Linnaeus as Hedera quinquefolia). 4, In spite of good original descriptions, names are misapplied, or plants are incorrectly identified. (E.g., herbarium material of Matabya eleagnoides Radlk. was determined as Guarea trichilioides; hence the latter species is often cited as occurring in Argentina in spite of the fact that its range of distribution does not reach our frontiers.
|
2022-02-10T21:35:35.970Z
|
250,574,000 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.11922/11-6035.csd.2021.0091.zh",
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"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.11922/11-6035.csd.2021.0091.zh"
}
|
According to the morphological rules and characteristics of Mongolian, Tibetan and Uyghur vocabulary, we formulated the evaluation standards for Mongolian, Tibetan and Uyghur word segmentation suitable for computer information processing, established the word segmentation and tagging corpus of Mongolian, Tibetan and Uyghur, and formed a standard evaluation corpus (MLWS2021), so as to solve the problems of automatic word segmentation, part of speech tagging, information retrieval. MLWS2021 contains 25,000 Tibetan sentences, 65,000 Mongolian sentences and 65,000 Uighur sentences. The evaluation dataset will provide free evaluation services available to the public, gradually build an authoritative minority language evaluation platform, and promote the development of minority language information processing technology.
|
2022-07-29T13:02:21.572Z
|
8,240,514 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1148/131.2.531",
"MAG": "1980772187",
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},
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The authors describe an electronic numerical digital display system which utilizes light emitting diodes to record contrast medium injection rates on serial angiographic film. The display system is conveniently mounted within the film changer. It was developed to record injection rates during an increasing rate of injection employed in the radiographic "spillover" technique or estimating blood flow.
|
2022-08-25T03:53:47.491Z
|
34,404,040 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1521/IJGP.2005.55.4.507",
"MAG": "2063383950",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract The sudden traumatic loss of a spouse equates to an assault on self and the loss of both an internal and external self–object. Mourning requires compensatory self–objects to help in the restoration of self and in the creation of new self–structure. The catastrophe of 9/11 not only assaulted thousands with unanticipated traumatic loss, but also devastated the usual networks of support. In this light, the bereavement group became a valuable venue for self–restoration and recovery. In her group work with 9/11 corporate and uniformed service widows, the author applies a self–psychology perspective that considers that empathic immersion not only affords safety and stabilization, but the opportunity to have self–object needs met in a process that restores and develops self–structure. She proposes the bereavement group as a cohesive self–object milieu serving mirroring, twinship, and idealizing needs. Drawing upon clinical examples, she illuminates the capacity of the group to establish safety, regulate affect, reduce isolation and shame, rekindle memory, and foster coping skills. As such, the group affords a restoration of the assaulted self, an integration of the loss, and an emerging redefinition of self.
|
2022-09-06T00:32:03.556Z
|
119,347,146 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "cond-mat/9907139",
"DOI": "10.1143/JPSJ.68.3782",
"MAG": "3098069540",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The dynamical charge structure factor N ( Q ,ω) with Q smaller than the Fermi wave number is derived analytically for the one-dimensional supersymmetric t - J model with 1/ r 2 interaction. Strong spin-charge separation in dynamics is found. N ( Q ,ω) with a given electron density does not depend on the spin polarization of a system with an arbitrary size. In the thermodynamic limit, only two holons and one antiholon contribute to N ( Q ,ω). These results together with generalized ones for the SU( K ,1) supersymmetric t-J model are derived via solution of the Sutherland model in the strong coupling limit.
|
2022-09-20T13:31:42.833Z
|
36,794,082 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1364/JOSAA.26.000456",
"MAG": "2011652174",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A new numerical imaging algorithm is presented for reconstruction of optical absorption coefficients from near-infrared light data with a continuous-wave source. As a continuation of our earlier efforts in developing a series of methods called "globally convergent reconstruction methods" [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A23, 2388 (2006)], this numerical algorithm solves the inverse problem through solution of a boundary-value problem for a Volterra-type integral partial differential equation. We deal here with the particular issues in solving the inverse problems in an arbitrary convex shape domain. It is demonstrated in numerical studies that this reconstruction technique is highly efficient and stable with respect to the complex distribution of actual unknown absorption coefficients. The method is particularly useful for reconstruction from a large data set obtained from a tissue or organ of particular shape, such as the prostate. Numerical reconstructions of a simulated prostate-shaped phantom with three different settings of absorption-inclusions are presented.
|
2022-12-17T19:12:36.074Z
|
25,362,213 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/CCM.0b013e318161f74b",
"MAG": "2082308875",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Objective: Peripheral arterial catheters are perceived as having low infective potential compared with other catheters and may be overlooked as a cause of catheter-related bloodstream infection. We aimed to measure colonization and rates of catheter-related bloodstream infection in arterial catheters, to investigate risk factors for arterial catheter colonization, and to compare arterial catheter infection rates with those in concurrently sited and managed central venous catheters. Design: Prospective 24-month cohort study. Setting: Eight-bed combined general intensive care and high-dependency unit of a 350-bed Australian teaching hospital. Patients: Three hundred twenty-one arterial catheters in 252 adult and pediatric patients were observed for 1,082 catheter days, and 618 central venous catheters in 410 patients were observed for 4,040 catheter days. All catheters were inserted in, or presented to, the intensive care unit. Both arterial catheters and central venous catheters were inserted by trained personnel under aseptic conditions, and management was standardized. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The incidence per 1,000 (95% confidence interval) catheter days of colonization (≥15 colonies) and catheter-related bloodstream infection was 15.7 (9.5–25.9) and 0.92 (0.13–6.44) for arterial catheters and 16.8 (13.3–21.3) and 2.23 (1.12–4.44) for central venous catheters. Arterial catheter colonization was not significantly different than that in central venous catheters (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.41–3.36; p = .77). Arterial catheter colonization increased with dwell time and was similar to central venous catheters over time. Femoral arterial catheters were colonized more often than radial arterial catheters (hazard ratio, 5.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.85, 30.3; p = .075), and colonization was significantly higher when the catheter was inserted in the operating theater or emergency department (hazard ratio, 4.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–13.9; p = .01) compared with the intensive care unit. Conclusions: The incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection from arterial catheters was low. However, both arterial catheter colonization and rates of catheter-related bloodstream infection were similar to those in concurrently sited and identically managed central venous catheters. By inference, the arterial catheter should be accorded the same degree of importance as the central venous catheter as a potential source of sepsis.
|
2022-12-21T09:42:17.017Z
|
138,511,822 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1080/10402004.2015.1061079",
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},
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"url": null
}
|
ABSTRACT Al2O3/Cu composites (1.0 vol%) reinforced with different size of α-Al2O3 particles were fabricated by a powder metallurgy method and electrical sliding wear tests were performed on a self-made pin-on-disk electrical wear tester. The effect of Al2O3 particle size on electrical wear performance of the Al2O3/Cu composite was studied, and the wear mechanism of the Al2O3/Cu composite was also discussed based on worn surface observations. The results show that the tribological properties of A12O3/Cu composite are closely related to the mechanical properties. With an increase in Al2O3 particle size, the wear rates of A12O3/Cu composites have a reverse variation with hardness of A12O3/Cu composites. In the range of 50–100 nm, Al2O3/Cu composites have the highest wear resistance and mechanical properties. Microstructural observation revealed that the wear mechanisms of Al2O3/Cu composites were mainly adhesive wear and plastic deformation accompanied by a small amount of arc damage. In addition, the plastic deformation area on the pin sample of the frictional end depends on the electrical wear resistance of A12O3/Cu composites.
|
2022-12-21T17:36:16.437Z
|
62,555,486 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.17718/TOJDE.30611",
"MAG": "2000500845",
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},
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"url": null
}
|
This study was conducted to investigate the perceptions of the religious teachers' readiness to use mobile phones as m-learning. The focus of the study is to examine some aspects namely; types of handset used; the use of mobile applications, mobile learning activities, and; the acceptance of mobile phones in teaching and learning. The targeted population was the religious teachers from Putrajaya, Selangor. The purposive sampling technique was used to gather data from 32 religious teachers from five secondary schools. Data were collected via questionnaires based on Likert-five-point scales. The data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using descriptive findings to find the frequency distribution and percentage. Research findings revealed that religious teachers are exposed to learning activities using mobile phones, and they are ready to make mobile phones as m-learning.
|
2023-01-01T19:52:46.221Z
|
233,936,108 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14512/OEWO36014",
"MAG": "3130529107",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Can digitalisation be part of the solution to pressing sustainability challenges? Or are current developments going to impede a socio-ecological transformation? The answer is not black and white; it is complex and cross-cutting. We analyse key problems and give an outlook on possible solutions.
|
2022-02-07T21:42:51.614Z
|
120,538,091 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1143/PTPS.155.449",
"MAG": "2045554326",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Massive accretion onto a black hole with neutrino transfer is studied on the basis of the equation of state for hot, dense matter. The stationary disks are represented by using the simplified shell model with one-zone. The disk is cooled mainly by the β-process for electron antineutrino. The luminosities in various types of neutrinos from the disk are investigated for the relations to the mass of a central black hole and to the accretion rate. Though the disk is thermally stable for a stationary perturbation, it becomes unstable for a non-stationary perturbation. The accreting disk with unstationary events produces the violent variations of neutrino emission at the period of diffusion time. ∼ 10 - 2 sec.
|
2022-02-09T22:02:56.923Z
|
883,599 |
{
"externalids": {
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"DOI": "10.5808/GI.2014.12.4.289",
"MAG": "2156155026",
"PubMedCentral": "4330268"
},
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used to identify the causative mutations underlying diverse human diseases, including cancers, which can be useful for discovering the diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Currently, a number of single-nucleotide variant (SNV)-calling algorithms are available; however, there is no tool for visualizing the recurrent and phenotype-specific mutations for general researchers. In this study, in order to support defining the recurrent mutations or phenotype-specific mutations from NGS data of a group of cancers with diverse phenotypes, we aimed to develop a user-friendly tool, named mutation arranger for defining phenotype-related SNV (MAP). MAP is a user-friendly program with multiple functions that supports the determination of recurrent or phenotype-specific mutations and provides graphic illustration images to the users. Its operation environment, the Microsoft Windows environment, enables more researchers who cannot operate Linux to define clinically meaningful mutations with NGS data from cancer cohorts.
|
2022-05-20T06:58:36.097Z
|
244,132,323 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/HNP.0000000000000487",
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"url": null
}
|
This prospective pre-/posttest pilot studied a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention first, to reduce self-reported stress and improve compassion satisfaction; and second, to reduce physiological indices of stress. Even small interventions of MBSR before a shift effectively reduces the physiological indices of stress and may help reduce compassion fatigue and burnout in nurses.
|
2022-03-19T00:52:13.436Z
|
84,915,384 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2183/PJAB.61.103",
"MAG": "2048764716",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Normal cells are 1μm to 20μm in diameter, and even long cells, such as nerve cells, have this cross-sectional diameter. Moreover the intracellular space is divided up even further by organelles such as the Golgi body. Many chemical and physical properties of water are unique. For instance, its melting depends greatly on the size of the space in which it is present: Water in a micropore of 4 nm diameter freezes at -20°C.1) However biochemical studies in vitro have been carried out without any consideration of the specific properties of water in a very limited space. Membranes of cells and other organelles have been considered only in relation to their chemical functions, not their function in providing a very limited space in the cell. The present paper reports the effect of the space and the nature of the surface providing a restricted reaction field (RRF) on the rate of the reaction with r-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC.2.3.2.2, r-GTP) and the rate of the solvolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (AcPNP) in ethyleneglycol (EG). Since this study involved very delicate experiments, this report was prepared after very long and careful investigations to confirm the reproducibility of the data. The restricted reaction vessel used for this study was as shown in Fig. 1. The reaction vessel consisted of two quartz plates with modified surfaces, a spacer, and a holder. The space between the two plates was controlled by the thickness of the spacer. Three different kinds of plates were prepared : Quartz plates treated with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-0-CH2CH2-CH2-Si-; 3GP-Q),2 ~ dimethyl dichlorosilane ((CH3)2Si=; DMe-Q) and octadecyltrichlorosilane (CH3-(CH2)17-Si-; Oc-Q) respectively. The surface of 3GP-Q is hydrophilic, while those of Oc-Q and DMe-Q are hydrophobic. The reaction rate was determined colorimetrically. The restricted reaction
|
2022-12-09T02:42:17.089Z
|
252,209,701 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/acsnano.2c06747",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Exploring single-atom catalysts (SACs) for the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3-; NitRR) to value-added ammonia (NH3) offers a sustainable alternative to both the Haber-Bosch process and NO3--rich wastewater treatment. However, due to the insufficient electron deficiency and unfavorable electronic structure of SACs, resulting in poor NO3--adsorption, sluggish proton (H*) transfer kinetics, and preferred hydrogen evolution, their NO3--to-NH3 selectivity and yield rate are far from satisfactory. Herein, a systematic theoretical prediction reveals that the local electron deficiency of an f-block Gd single atom (GdSA) can be significantly regulated upon coordination with oxygen-defect-rich NiO (GdSA-D-NiO400) support. Thus, facilitating stronger NO3- adsorption via strong Gd5d-O2p orbital coupling and further improving the protonation kinetics of adsorption intermediates by rapid H* capture from water dissociation catalyzed by the adjacent oxygen vacancy site along with suppressed H* dimerization synergistically boosts the NH3 selectivity/yield rate. Motivated by DFT prediction, we delicately stabilized electron-deficient (strongly electrophilic) GdSA on D-NiO400 (∼84% strong electrophilic sites), which exhibited excellent alkaline NitRR activity (NH3 Faradaic efficiency ∼97% and yield rate ∼628 μg/(mgcat h)) along with superior structural stability, as revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy, significantly outperforming weakly electrophilic Gd nanoparticles, defect-free GdSA-P-NiO400, and reported state-of-the-art catalysts.
|
2022-12-12T03:33:39.618Z
|
131,066,606 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/2053019616634741",
"MAG": "2346660635",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
I argue that Earth System science – a recent paradigm shift in the earth and life sciences (Hamilton C and Grinevald J (2015) Was the Anthropocene anticipated? The Anthropocene Review 2(1): 59–72) – named the Anthropocene as the very recent rupture in Earth history arising from the impact of human activity on the Earth System as a whole. Many have mistakenly treated the new concept of the Earth System as if it were equivalent to ‘the landscape’, ‘ecosystems’ or ‘the environment’. The new paradigm of Earth System science is erroneously understood as no more than a variation or development of established ecological sciences. Various attempts to invent new starting dates for the new epoch are based on these misconceptions, as are a number of arguments deployed to reject the Anthropocene altogether. In this context I consider the early Anthropocene hypothesis, three readings of the Anthropocene as instances of ecosystem change, and the notion of the ‘good Anthropocene’. Using this frame I also assess the arguments of those who do not accept the idea of the new epoch. I defend the view that disciplines other than Earth System science distort the idea of the Anthropocene when they read it through their own lenses.
|
2022-12-17T06:50:18.796Z
|
252,971,900 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bmj.o2483",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/379/bmj.o2483.full.pdf"
}
|
I’ve felt guilty at work before now, caring for a critically injured cyclist after forgetting my own helmet on that morning’s ride. Although the adage that “you’re only an alcoholic if you drink more than your doctor” is untrue, evidence suggests that medical specialists tend to drink to hazardous levels more than the general population.2 Worldwide, over 20% of health professionals smoke, although this rate has probably decreased in recent times, with large variations by geographical region.3
|
2022-12-17T08:29:23.262Z
|
239,887,439 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2196/25110",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://medinform.jmir.org/2021/10/e25110/PDF"
}
|
BACKGROUND
There is an increasing body of research on the development of machine learning algorithms in the evaluation of online health educational resources for specific readerships. Machine learning algorithms are known for their lack of interpretability compared with statistics. Given their high predictive precision, improving the interpretability of these algorithms can help increase their applicability and replicability in health educational research and applied linguistics, as well as in the development and review of new health education resources for effective and accessible health education.
OBJECTIVE
Our study aimed to develop a linguistically enriched machine learning model to predict binary outcomes of online English health educational resources in terms of their easiness and complexity for international tertiary students.
METHODS
Logistic regression emerged as the best performing algorithm compared with support vector machine (SVM) (linear), SVM (radial basis function), random forest, and extreme gradient boosting on the transformed data set using L2 normalization. We applied recursive feature elimination with SVM to perform automatic feature selection. The automatically selected features (n=67) were then further streamlined through expert review. The finalized feature set of 22 semantic features achieved a similar area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compared with the initial (n=115) and automatically selected feature sets (n=67). Logistic regression with the linguistically enhanced feature set (n=22) exhibited important stability and robustness on the training data of different sizes (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%), and showed consistently high performance when compared with the other 4 algorithms (SVM [linear], SVM [radial basis function], random forest, and extreme gradient boosting).
RESULTS
We identified semantic features (with positive regression coefficients) contributing to the prediction of easy-to-understand online health texts and semantic features (with negative regression coefficients) contributing to the prediction of hard-to-understand health materials for readers with nonnative English backgrounds. Language complexity was explained by lexical difficulty (rarity and medical terminology), verbs typical of medical discourse, and syntactic complexity. Language easiness of online health materials was associated with features such as common speech act verbs, personal pronouns, and familiar reasoning verbs. Successive permutation of features illustrated the interaction between these features and their impact on key performance indicators of the machine learning algorithms.
CONCLUSIONS
The new logistic regression model developed exhibited consistency, scalability, and, more importantly, interpretability based on existing health and linguistic research. It was found that low and high linguistic accessibilities of online health materials were explained by 2 sets of distinct semantic features. This revealed the inherent complexity of effective health communication beyond current readability analyses, which were limited to syntactic complexity and lexical difficulty.
|
2022-09-16T02:59:51.228Z
|
10,480,273 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1271/bbb.80441",
"MAG": "1964710801",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In plants, salicylic acid induces both systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and flowering. We found that flower induction in the Lemna species was promoted by reactive oxygen species-generating conditions and SAR inducers. The present paper suggests that SAR in plants and flowering in Lemna share common inducers.
|
2022-10-26T16:08:43.780Z
|
141,651,113 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14718/ACP.2014.17.2.15",
"MAG": "628806376",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The aims of this study were to verify the potential differences in prospective memory (PM) among young people, adults and the elderly; analyze the relationships between variables of comprehension and verbal fluency and PM; and finally, verify the existence of a relationship between self-reported health status and performance on PM. A cross- sectional design was used. The study involved 270 participants divided into three age groups: young people aged 18 to 28 years; adults 45 to 55, and seniors 60 to 80. Their comprehension and verbal fluency skills were assessed as well as their self-perceived health status. Subsequently, an experiment was carried out where participants were presented with paragraphs of three sentences on a computer screen and they had to recognize previously agreed words that would indicate their level of MP. The results established significant differences in prospective memory between adults and older people and between young people and the elderly. But no differences between youth and adults were found..The importance of verbal comprehension and verbal fluency in solving prospective memory experimental tasks was also significant. In addition, a better self-perception of well-being was linked to a higher performance in PM.
|
2022-12-02T11:06:15.547Z
|
254,349,871 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.23939/jtbp2022.02.036",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://science.lpnu.ua/sites/default/files/journal-paper/2022/nov/29067/vse-36-43.pdf"
}
|
Reinforced concrete pipes are exposed to environmental influences during the entire period of their operation. As a result, defects and damage appear and reduce durability and bearing capacity. In this regard, there is a need to repair and strengthen them. In order to assess the effectiveness of strengthening reinforced concrete pipes, it is necessary to get data about deformations that appeared as a result of the loads on the reinforced concrete pipe. The method for conducting experimental studies of the deformed state of reinforced concrete pipes has been developed, and the main devices and means necessary for conducting experimental research in laboratory conditions have been selected. The obtained data of deformations appearance can be used to compare the effectiveness of various methods of strengthening reinforced concrete pipes and their improvement as well as to monitor technical condition and to predict the formation of defects.
|
2022-12-10T10:10:44.389Z
|
151,119,463 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3916/C60-2019-01",
"MAG": "2941172706",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The aim of the study was to understand the components associated with the types of perfectionism described as adaptive/healthy, maladaptive/unhealthy or non-perfectionism, which could offer positive or negative aspects to improve excellence and well-being, exploring the number and content of the latent perfectionism structure as a multidimensional construct in a sample of High Intellectual Abilities (HIA) students. Links with Positive and Negative perfectionism were also compared across perfectionism latent profiles. A total of n=137 HIA students, mean age 13.77 years (SD=1.99), participated in a survey. The Almost Perfect Scale Revised (APS-R) and Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale-12 (PNPS-12) were used. Results obtained showed three latent classes (LC): ‘Unhealthy’ (LC1), ‘Healthy’ (LC2) and ‘No perfectionism’ (LC3). LC1 showed high scores on Discrepancy subscales but low in Order and High Standards. LC2 displayed higher scores on High Standards and Order. LC3 displayed low scores across all perfectionism facets. Statistically significant differences were found across latent profiles in almost all perfectionism features. Different patterns of associations with Positive and Negative perfectionism were obtained across latent profiles. These findings address the latent structure of perfectionisms in HIA students and allow us to delimit, analyze, and understand the tentative latent profiles within the HIA arena.
El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender los componentes asociados a distintos tipos de perfeccionismo descrito como: adaptativo/sano, mal adaptativo/insano o no perfeccionismo que pueden tener efectos positivos o negativos para el logro de la excelencia. Se exploró el número y contenido de las estructuras latentes del perfeccionismo como constructo multidimensional en una muestra de n=137 estudiantes con Altas Capacidades Intelectuales (ACI) con una media de edad de 13,77 años (DT=1,99). La conexión con el perfeccionismo positivo y negativo se analizó sobre la base de los diferentes perfiles de perfeccionismo. Se utilizaron las escalas «Almost Perfect Scale Revised» (APS-R) y la «Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale-12». Los resultados mostraron tres clases latentes de perfeccionismo: «No Sano» (CL1), «Sano» (CL2) y «No Perfeccionista» (CL3). La CL1 mostró puntuaciones más altas en las subescalas de Discrepancia y bajas en Orden y Altos Estándares. La CL2 reveló puntuaciones altas en Altos Estándares y Orden. La CL3 mostró bajas puntuaciones en todos los dominios de perfeccionismo. Las diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas entre las clases latentes en los dominios del perfeccionismo. Asimismo, se encontraron diferentes patrones de asociaciones de las clases latentes con el perfeccionismo Positivo y Negativo. Los resultados encontrados permiten atender a las estructuras latentes de perfeccionismo en estudiantes con ACI, que posibilitan delimitar, analizar y entender posibles perfiles latentes.
|
2022-12-16T20:42:20.975Z
|
138,250,186 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1115/IMECE2003-43231",
"MAG": "2328234102",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
High temperature ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are material considered in many applications where high heat fluxes constitute a significant contribution to loading. The laminates can fulfill their function as thermal protection layers only if they stay intact, i.e. without internal delaminations or spalling, such that the heat flux remains undisturbed by such events. Crack bridging is an important effect in CMCs, and its implication to CMC laminates under thermal loading is investigated.© 2003 ASME
|
2022-01-27T06:24:05.534Z
|
233,858,614 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1161/STR.52.SUPPL_1.P845",
"MAG": "3136875757",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background and Purpose: “Target: Stroke Phase III” aims to improve stroke outcomes through the reduction of door-to-needle (DTN) times within 60 minutes in 85% of cases. After a recent data review,...
|
2022-02-07T21:44:26.609Z
|
42,473,225 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1172/JCI100297",
"MAG": "1791992764",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
As a result of their studies of the respiratory exchange of decom-pensated cardiac patients during and after exercise, Eppinger, Kisch and Schwarz (1927) concluded that the buffering power of the tissues was diminished. Laszlo (1928) found diminished phosphate content of the cardiac and skeletal muscle of such individuals. Harrison and Pilcher determined oxygen utilization during various degrees of edema (1930a) and oxygen debt in patients with congestive heart failure (1930b). In both studies the findings were believed to be indicative of diminished alkaline reserve in the muscles. Observations by Pil-cher, Clarke and Harrison (1930) of the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood of patients with congestive heart failure after exercise lead to the same conclusion. In order to obtain more direct data on this point it was thought advisable to investigate the chemical changes in the tissues themselves. As potassium is the most abundant basic element in muscle tissue it seemed wise to study it first. Harrison, Pilcher and Ewing (1930) analyzed samples of cardiac and skeletal muscle obtained from patients who had died of congestive heart failure and found them to be abnormally poor in potassium. It seemed conceivable that such a phenomenon might be related to changes after death and consequently, before proceeding further with our studies on postmortem tissues, it was deemed wise to analyze tissues obtained during life. Such a procedure had the additional advantage of allowing us to make more than one observation on the same patient and hence to follow changes in potassium content under various conditions.
|
2022-11-15T22:40:22.132Z
|
5,440,288 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/art.23862",
"MAG": "2079700719",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/art.23862"
}
|
Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a highly complex pathophysiology, involving not only inappropriate immune system activation, but also dysfunctional pathways within the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding of the integrated homeostatic mechanisms underlying a healthy state and the imbalance during inflammatory disease has developed through the science of psychoneuroimmunology over the last 2 decades. Landmark reviews (1,2) have elegantly detailed the myriad influences of the major CNS pathways, the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and their end point secretory products, glucocorticoids and catecholamines, respectively, on immune functions. It has become abundantly clear from in vivo and in vitro studies that these hormones, as well as many others, including growth hormone and growth factors, prolactin, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), adrenocorticotropic hormone, and opioid peptides (3) and sex steroids (4), can exert a variety of immunomodulatory effects. Many of these compounds are capable of biphasic actions, depending on concentration, receptor type, and the nature of the target cell. Given the wide range of compounds released in response to chronic inflammation, it is not surprising that the interactive effects of cytokines, hormones, and neurotransmitters in inflammatory diseases are complex and poorly understood. Most research articles on chronic inflammatory disease address a single defect in the system. In this issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism, del Rey and colleagues (5) take a more holistic view of the pathophysiology underlying arthritis. They report a range of measurements in a rat model of chronic disease, including cytokine expression and neurotransmitter levels within the hypothalamus, circulating levels of cytokines, corticosterone, and catecholamines, release of cytokines from cultured lymphoid cells, sympathetic innervation of inflamed tissues, and central involvement of the SNS in disease progression. This integrated approach using measurements in the brain, peripheral tissue, and blood has revealed a number of neuroendocrine abnormalities associated with inflammatory disease that provide insight into the complex central and peripheral mechanisms that influence disease progression. The investigators present cogent and persuasive evidence for a disruption during inflammatory disease of the fine balance between afferent and efferent pathways and associated components that communicate between the brain and the immune system. The disease model they used is experimental arthritis induced by injection of type II collagen in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant in rats, a model of polyarthritis that exhibits many of the features of RA. Inflammation of peripheral joints is first observed 17 days after immunization and reaches a maximum at approximately 28 days, which is sustained for several weeks. The advantages to this model, as opposed to other, more rapid-onset models such as adjuvantinduced arthritis, are that alterations in neuroendocrine and immune parameters can be closely observed at regular intervals prior to and during the onset of inflammation and throughout the sustained period of maximum inflammation. The use of rats, rather than the more common mouse model of type II collagen–induced arthritis (CIA), increases the amount of tissue available for measurement of multiple compounds. One of the most interesting aspects of the study by del Rey et al is the demonstration of a progressive loss of sympathetic nerve fibers in arthritic joints, as determined by staining for tyrosine hydroxylase. It is well known that SNS nerve terminals are depleted in inflamed joint tissue from RA patients, but it is not possible to obtain tissues from patients early in the disease process to determine when regression begins. David S. Jessop, PhD: Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. Address correspondence and reprint requests to David S. Jessop, PhD, Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (LINE), University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK. E-mail: David.Jessop@bris.ac.uk. Submitted for publication April 8, 2008; accepted June 6, 2008.
|
2022-11-11T08:06:48.217Z
|
3,655,783 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1373/clinchem.2017.281295",
"MAG": "2781682921",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article-pdf/64/3/536/32642121/clinchem0536.pdf"
}
|
BACKGROUND
Liquid biopsies can be used in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to detect androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7), a splicing product of the androgen receptor. Patients with AR-V7-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have greater benefit of taxane chemotherapy compared with novel hormonal therapies, indicating a treatment-selection biomarker. Likewise, in those with pancreatic cancer (PaCa), KRAS mutations act as prognostic biomarkers. Thus, there is an urgent need for technology investigating the expression and mutation status of CTCs. Here, we report an approach that adds AR-V7 or KRAS status to CTC enumeration, compatible with multiple CTC-isolation platforms.
METHODS
We studied 3 independent CTC-isolation devices (CellCollector, Parsortix, CellSearch) for the evaluation of AR-V7 or KRAS status of CTCs with in situ padlock probe technology. Padlock probes allow highly specific detection and visualization of transcripts on a cellular level. We applied padlock probes for detecting AR-V7, androgen receptor full length (AR-FL), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in CRPC and KRAS wild-type (wt) and mutant (mut) transcripts in PaCa in CTCs from 46 patients.
RESULTS
In situ analysis showed that 71% (22 of 31) of CRPC patients had detectable AR-V7 expression ranging from low to high expression [1-76 rolling circle products (RCPs)/CTC]. In PaCa patients, 40% (6 of 15) had KRAS mut expressing CTCs with 1 to 8 RCPs/CTC. In situ padlock probe analysis revealed CTCs with no detectable cytokeratin expression but positivity for AR-V7 or KRAS mut transcripts.
CONCLUSIONS
Padlock probe technology enables quantification of AR-V7, AR-FL, PSA, and KRAS mut/wt transcripts in CTCs. The technology is easily applicable in routine laboratories and compatible with multiple CTC-isolation devices.
|
2022-12-18T05:17:10.373Z
|
2,090,264 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1074/jbc.272.12.7639",
"MAG": "2052795682",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "http://www.jbc.org/content/272/12/7639.full.pdf"
}
|
Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) is believed to be palmitoylated near the N terminus and the modification is assumed to be involved in the membrane anchoring of the protein. However, GAP-43 isolated from bovine brain is not palmitoylated as shown by mass spectrometric analysis, but still retains the ability to bind phospholipids, suggesting that other parts of the molecule are involved in the interaction. Upon addition of acidic phospholipids, purified GAP-43 showed a conformational change from random coil to α-helix as indicated by a change in CD spectra. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain showed a similar conformational change from random coil to α-helix in the presence of various acidic phospholipids. These results suggest that the calmodulin-binding domain of GAP-43 is directly involved in the GAP-43-membrane interaction and undergoes a conformational change upon binding to phospholipid membranes. After phosphorylation by protein kinase C, the phospholipid-induced conformational changes were no longer observed. Structural characteristics of the calmodulin-binding domain peptide in aqueous and hydrophobic solvents were further studied in detail by two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The results obtained suggest that the domain assumes a nascent α-helical structure in aqueous solution, which is stabilized under hydrophobic environments.
|
2022-12-19T18:16:28.404Z
|
306,840 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1176/PS.31.11.765",
"MAG": "2064586557",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A checklist to obtain patient consent for treatment with medication was developed by the author in 1976. The one-page form documents the process of obtaining consent from patients and certifies that the physician has discussed the benefits, side-effects, and risks of medication. A revised checklist now in use better equips the physician to deal with cases in which the patient's condition reduces his capacity to give fully informed, valid, and voluntary consent. On the checklist the physician assesses the patient's clinical condition as shock, denial, distress, dependency, or recovery and accordingly indicates the patient's capacity to give fully valid consent. The checklist procedure allows the physician to withhold certain information for good medical reasons. Like its predecessor, the revised checklist is thought to provide the physician with reasonable protection from prosecution and has been shown to enhance the therapeutic relationship when used properly.
|
2022-12-25T04:21:04.659Z
|
238,998,428 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w4-2021-67-2021",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLVI-4-W4-2021/67/2021/isprs-archives-XLVI-4-W4-2021-67-2021.pdf"
}
|
Abstract. Climate change and urbanization rates are transforming urban environments, making the use of 3D city models in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) a fundamental ingredient to evaluate urban layouts before construction. However, current geometries used in CFD simulations tend to be built by CFD experts to test specific cases, most of the times oversimplifying their designs due to lack of information or in order to reduce complexity. In this work we explore what are the effects of oversimplifying geometries by comparing wind simulations of different level of detail geometries. We use semantic 3D city models automatically built and adjust them to their suitable use in CFD. For the first test, we explore wind simulations within a troublesome section of the TUDelft campus, the passage next to the EWI building (the tallest building in our domain), where the use of 3D city model variants show how differences in geometry and surface properties affect local wind conditions. Finally we analyze what these differences in velocity magnitude could mean for practitioners in terms of pedestrian wind comfort.
|
2022-12-30T00:35:55.453Z
|
37,802,573 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/APS.2006.1711237",
"MAG": "2063875581",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
EBG enhanced antennas could advantageously replace conventional array antenna in Geo-synchronous global Earth coverage applications at S-band and lower frequencies. This new technology simplifies the antenna configuration and can potentially lead to lighter and cost effective solutions, by either eliminating or strongly simplifying the antenna beam forming network (BFN). Excellent agreement between the predictions and the measurements has been shown
|
2022-12-15T12:23:21.137Z
|
162,076,480 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3917/RFPS.043.0131",
"MAG": "2005676011",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Dans une approche transnosographique integrant l’impact de l’environnement socioculturel et des dimensions transgenerationnelles, nous evoquerons dans le dysfonctionnement des interrelations precoces et ses consequences sur le developpement de l’enfant et le processus d’adolescence une hypothese centrale dans les conduites addictives alimentaires : la defaillance « a leur corps defendant » du maternel chez les meres des patientes ; en particulier dans l’investissement du corps autonome, vivant et erotique de l’enfant.
|
2022-02-08T21:55:16.196Z
|
109,501,023 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1115/ES2009-90191",
"MAG": "1968085639",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this study, exergy and thermoeconomic analyses of MSF/MED and Reverse Osmosis (RO) processes are presented. Exergy analyses of every streams, both incoming and outgoing, for each plant configurations have been performed to quantify the exergy losses. The evaluation of cost depends upon the chosen methodology of accruing fuel cost. The exergy equations coupled with appropriate cost provide a valuable insight into areas of potential improvement of the Combined Water and Power Plant (CWPP). Various combinations (Combined cycle power plant (CCPP) with stand alone MSF, MED and RO; CCPP with MSF-RO hybrid or MED-RO hybrid) have been considered. This study reveals that major exergy losses occur in the evaporators (about 34%) especially in the first and last few stages, in case of MSF, and, hence, improvements in the evaporator design will have significant impact on the whole plant performance. Similar trend is also observed for MED. It exhibits low exergetic efficiency for the first stage as well the last few stages. All these results suggest that more focus on these design aspects have potential for further improvement. Moreover, among the three top brine temperatures 65 °C, 70 °C and 75°C, 65 °C show better exergetic efficiency. Comparison between MSF, MED shows that unit product cost decreases by about 30% in favor of MED.© 2009 ASME
|
2022-02-10T05:58:44.660Z
|
250,865,539 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1070/QE2004v034n07ABEH002814",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
It was experimentally determined that introducing small additions of HBr into the active elements of a CuBr laser is similar to the addition of hydrogen and significantly improves the output laser parameters. The effect of additions to small-volume active elements is most pronounced (up to a five-fold increase in output power) and is less pronounced in large-volume active elements (up to a twofold increase). A special-purpose HBr generator was elaborated, making it possible to promptly provide the requisite concentration of the active addition in a sealed-off active element.
|
2022-07-31T09:24:59.489Z
|
144,485,195 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/1474885108089172",
"MAG": "2068818961",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This article offers an overview of the French political philosopher Claude Lefort's oeuvre, arguing that his work should be read as a normative or even universalist justification of democracy and human rights. The notion of history plays a crucial notion in this enterprise, as Lefort demonstrates that there is an ineluctable 'historical' or 'political' condition of human coexistence, a condition that can only be properly accommodated in a regime of democracy and human rights. This reading of Lefort is contrasted with two other interpretations of his work. The first of these, by Sofia Nasstrom, is shown to overlook the importance of history in Lefort's understanding of democracy. The second, by Bernard Flynn, is shown to overlook the universalist implications of Lefort's theory.
|
2022-09-08T01:34:20.941Z
|
226,847,554 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1667/RR15481.1",
"MAG": "3106172545",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Epidemiological evidence for a radiation effect on prostate cancer risk has been inconsistent and largely indicative of no or little effect. Here we studied prostate cancer incidence among males of the Life Span Study cohort of atomic bomb survivors in a follow-up from 1958 to 2009, eleven years more than was previously reported. During this period there were 851 incident cases of prostate cancer among 41,544 male subjects, doubling the total number of cases in the cohort. More than 50% of the cases were diagnosed among those who were less than 20 years of age at the time of the bombings and who were at, or near, the ages of heightened prostate cancer risks during the last decade of follow-up. In analyses of the radiation dose response using Poisson regression methods, we used a baseline-rate model that allowed for calendar period effects corresponding to the emergence of prostate-specific antigen screening in the general population as well as effects of attained age and birth cohort. The model also allowed for markedly increased baseline rates among the Adult Health Study participants between 2005 and 2009, a period during which a prostate-specific antigen test was included in Adult Health Study biennial health examinations. We found a significant linear dose response with an estimated excess relative risk (ERR) per Gy of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.21, 1.00, P = 0.001). An estimated 40 of the observed cases were attributed to radiation exposure from the bombings. There was a suggestion of the ERR decreasing with increasing age at exposure (P = 0.09). We found no indication of effects of smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index on the baseline risk of prostate cancer. The observed dose response strengthens the evidence of a radiation effect on the risk of prostate cancer incidence in the atomic bomb survivors.
|
2022-11-26T17:32:19.757Z
|
7,328,194 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1142/S021848850400259X",
"MAG": "2146406076",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this paper we discuss applications of Bayesian networks to educational testing. Namely, we deal with the diagnosis of person's skills. We show that when modeling dependence between skills we can get better diagnosis faster. We present results of experiments with basic operations that use fractions. The experiments suggest that the test design can benefit from a Bayesian network that models relations between skills, not only in the case of an adaptive test but also when designing a fixed (non-adaptive) test.
|
2022-12-13T02:04:14.920Z
|
37,084,848 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/ijc.25569",
"MAG": "2010585604",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ijc.25569"
}
|
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most frequent cause of cancer death in the world, and cigarette smoke is a key factor in esophageal carcinogenesis. To identify molecular changes during cigarette smoke‐induced ESCC, we examined the methylation status of 13 gene promoters in the human immortalized, nontumorigenic esophageal epithelial cell line (Het‐1A) that were exposed to mainstream (MSE) or sidestream cigarette smoke extract (SSE) for 6 months in culture. The promoter of sequence‐specific single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein 2 (SSBP2) was methylated in the Het‐1A cells exposed to MSE (MSE‐Het‐1A). Promoter methylation (86%, 56/70) and downregulation of SSBP2 expression were frequently detected in tumor tissues from ESCC patients. In addition, reintroduction of SSBP2 in an ESCC cell line (TE1) that does not express SSBP2 and in the MSE‐Het‐1A cells inhibited expression of LRP6 and Dvl3, which are mediators of the Wnt signaling pathway. SSBP2 expression markedly decreased the colony‐forming ability of ESCC cell lines and significantly inhibited cell growth of the MSE‐Het‐1A cells. Our results indicate that cigarette smoking is a cause of SSBP2 promoter methylation and that SSBP2 harbors a tumor suppressive role in ESCC through inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway.
|
2022-12-19T10:29:11.375Z
|
19,324,012 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1103/PHYSREVC.51.526",
"MAG": "1997941035",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Fragmentation and splitting of the Gamow-Teller (GT) strength has been observed in a systematic study of the ([sup 3]He,[ital t]) charge-exchange reaction at [ital E]([sup 3]He)=200 MeV over the entire range of stable Sn isotopes. Triton energy spectra were observed with a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer at angles near [theta]=0[degree] where [Delta][ital L]=0 transitions are enhanced. Excitation energies, widths, 0[degree] cross sections, and strengths [ital B](GT) were determined. A theoretically predicted configuration splitting of the main GT component into two components, expected to be dominant near [ital A]=118 at the onset of the filling of the 1[ital h][sub 11/2] neutron orbital, could not be observed. This may be due to the fact that the total widths of the resonances of 5--6 MeV exceed the predicted splitting. A comparison of the 0[degree] cross sections for the transitions to the GT resonances and the isobaric analog states leads to strengths [ital B](GT) for the main Gamow-Teller components of typically 65% of the sum-rule value of 3([ital N][minus][ital Z]). Three to four additional Gamow-Teller fragments were observed in all final nuclei at lower excitation energies. The excellent energy resolution of the experiment made it possible to observe a pronounced fine structure in these low-lyingmore » resonances which is believed to be due to coupling to two-particle--two-hole doorway states. Also seen with all target nuclei was a systematic sequence of strong [ital J][sup [pi]]=1[sup +] states near the ground states in all Sb isotopes ([ital E][sub [ital x]]=0 to 220 keV). In addition, strong [Delta][ital L]=1 resonances were observed in all nuclei at excitation energies of typically 20 MeV. Furthermore, nonresonant background from quasifree charge exchange was observed. An average of [similar to]85% of all excess neutrons seems to contribute to this background in approximate agreement with results from ([ital e],[ital e][prime][ital p]) experiments.« less
|
2022-12-31T17:40:48.651Z
|
85,620,811 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3406/revec.1980.4059",
"MAG": "2241858163",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03529562/file/bitstream_113062.pdf"
}
|
In a preceding paper (Brahmachary, 1978) the rationale of searching for seeds germinated inside the dung heaps of the African elephants has been explained. Meanwhile Alexandre (1978) has reported on his work on the elephants of Tai. In M arch/ April 1978 1 once again had the opportunity of examining the dung heaps of African elephants in Parc National des Virunga, in the Republic of Zaire. Collection and examination of dung halls were carried out in station Rwindi near the Rwindi river and at station scientifique de Lulimbi, near Ishasha river. Obviously fresh dung heaps were not examined in this context. Sorne of the larger seedlings bearing leaves could immediately be roughly identified while other, young ones, were allowed to grow in small pots and cans as available in the field. Herbarium sheets were made from the p lants which had grown a little. Capparis and Maerua seeds and seedlings at many different stages of growth were observed for precise identification. Of the 414 dung halls 1 examined, 241 (i.e. '"'"' 50 %) contained seedlings, and 22 h alls contained only seeds. Of the remaining 219 halls, 9 contained dead seeds. The rest have been listed in table 1 . Two halls (No. 15 and 111 ) contained more than 100 ger minated seeds (in e ach) . Considering these as 100 in each, the total number of seeds germinated in 219 dung halls is at least 2576, of which at least 1591 were Capparis . On the very first few days of observation 1 did not recognize the species (273 seedlings) . In this season no A cacia plants were noted in the dung though, as in 1 975/76, a good number of plants belonging undoubtedly to the Solanaceae and Curcubitaceae families was detected. Douglas Hamilton (1972) gave a comprehensive account of elephant foo d plants and seed dispersal in East Africa. As
|
2022-12-02T11:55:44.948Z
|
143,439,484 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1163/156853993X00100",
"MAG": "1975489903",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
DE WAAL (1982) has observed that male chimpanzees use coalitions to manipulate the ranks of their rivals and enhance their own dominance relationships. Here, I investigate the possibility that male bonnet macaques, who frequently intervened in contest among unrelated adult males, also used coalitions to alter their own dominance relationships and/or manipulate the dominance positions of other males. Male bonnet macaques frequently form coalitions in support of other males. Although the rank ordering among males changed during the study period, coalitions did not seem to consistently influence the rank of males who received support or the ranks of males who provided support. Coalitions did not systematically support or disrupt the established dominance order, as males consistently supported initiators against recipients. The tendency to support initiatiors was influenced to some extent by the outcome of the original encounter and the rank order among the opponent. Thus, these data provide no systematic support for the hypothesis that males achieved consistent political objectives when they participated in coalitions.
|
2022-12-12T19:33:58.305Z
|
220,715,928 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/OPX.0000000000001534",
"MAG": "3042523448",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
SIGNIFICANCE
Amiodarone is an excellent antiarrhythmic medication; however, it has numerous systemic and ocular adverse effects.
PURPOSE
We aimed to improve our understanding of amiodarone and its ocular adverse effects by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of published case reports.
METHODS
This systematic review was reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. We used the MEDLINE database, primarily through PubMed, and used keywords (amiodarone, eye, eye diseases, visual/ocular adverse effects/manifestations) to identify case reports of ocular adverse effects after amiodarone use. The initial search resulted in 92 total case reports. However, after excluding nonrelevant case reports, 25 cases were selected for the final analysis.
RESULTS
Among the patients in the 25 case reports, 18 were male (72%), and the median age was 66 ± 9.9 years. In 15 cases (60%), the patients reported halos around light and/or decrease in vision after amiodarone use. The most common ophthalmic examination findings were cornea verticillata/vortex keratopathy in 19 cases (76%), followed by different patterns of papilledema and retinal hemorrhages in 5 cases (20%). Discontinuation of amiodarone was the most common intervention, followed by application of topical heparin. Outcomes among case reports were variable.
CONCLUSIONS
Cornea verticillata/vortex keratopathy was the most common ocular adverse effect in cases where amiodarone was administered. Early recognition of amiodarone-induced ocular adverse effects is imperative to prevent worsening keratopathy or uncommon adverse effects. Collaboration between physicians prescribing amiodarone-to recognize the ocular symptoms-and referral to eye care physicians are important.
|
2022-12-14T00:20:25.181Z
|
142,081,614 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0145482X9208600203",
"MAG": "239589656",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Parents of blind and partially sighted infants and preschoolers were surveyed at two points in time to determine the frequency of occurrence and stability of the children's stereotyped behaviors and the conditions that elicited the behaviors. The stereotyped behaviors that are frequently observed in blind children proved to be stable, while less frequently observed stereotyped behaviors generally remained in the children's repertoire only for a short time. The age of the child and the frequency of the occurrence of stereotyped behaviors proved to be relevant criteria for predicting whether stereotyped behaviors would stabilize.
|
2022-12-15T17:52:26.594Z
|
241,899,754 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/01461672211056774",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://psyarxiv.com/8j2ds/download"
}
|
Cross-relationship comparisons are an integral part of relationship processes, yet little is known about the impact of these comparisons in daily life. The present research employed a dyadic experience-sampling methodology (N = 78 couples) with end-of-day surveys, end-of-week follow-up, and a 6-month follow-up to examine how individuals make cross-relationship comparisons in daily life, the cumulative impact of these comparisons over time, and the dyadic consequences of such comparisons. Participants made more downward than upward comparisons; however, upward comparisons had a more lasting impact, resulting in decreased satisfaction and optimism, and less positive self-perceptions and partner perceptions, at the end of each day and the week. Individuals who made more upward comparisons were also less satisfied 6 months later. Individuals were also affected by their partner’s comparisons: On days when partners made more upward comparisons, they felt less satisfied and optimistic about their relationship and less positive about themselves and their partner.
|
2022-12-17T14:32:47.132Z
|
234,381,492 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1044/2020_persp-20-00113",
"MAG": "3115364012",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://pubs.asha.org/doi/pdf/10.1044/2020_PERSP-20-00113"
}
|
The holistic approach to admissions includes an evaluation of traditional measures (e.g., cumulative grade-point average), attributes unique to the applicant (e.g., leadership), and variables important to the field (e.g., interpersonal skills). Outlined in this clinical focus article is an innovative approach to holistic admissions that includes evaluation of a video-recorded response to a case-based prompt and a live interview that includes application of knowledge, demonstration of critical thinking skills, and assessment of personal attributes.
This comprehensive process includes evaluation of an applicant's knowledge, skills, and professional dispositions. Planning, implementation, outcomes, evaluation, and challenges of this approach are discussed.
|
2022-01-24T22:13:28.391Z
|
124,596,383 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1674-1056/23/3/033101",
"MAG": "2208351065",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The geometric structures, electronic properties, total and binding energies, harmonic frequencies, the highest occupied molecular orbital to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, and the vertical ionization potential energies of small LimBn (m+n = 12) clusters were investigated by the density functional theory B3LYP with a 6-311+G (2d, 2p) basis set. All the calculations were performed using the Gaussian09 program. For the study of the LimBn clusters, the global minimum of the B12 cluster was chosen as the starting point and the boron atoms were gradually replaced by Li atoms. The results showed that as the number of Li atoms increased, the stability of the LimBn cluster decreased and the physical and chemical properties became more active. In addition, on average there was a large charge transfer from the Li atoms to the B atoms.
|
2022-07-08T02:38:37.387Z
|
155,688,758 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0022463400019160",
"MAG": "2318837634",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
access to data-processing hardware and software or for other reasons, Puthucheary regularly reports only marginal (total) percentage distributions. No weighting is even given a thought. The design bears no evidence whatsoever that the author is acquainted with the analytic implications of the disproportional stratified sample she in fact has. Partial reporting of results and the near void of data analysis from the survey returns mar this otherwise highly attractive and disciplined work. Another bothersome problem was the apparent deliberate decision not to update the historical narrative beyond 1972 (the book, published in 1978, is a revised University of Manchester dissertation submitted in 1973). Only a slim four-page conclusion bears clear marks of post-1972 crafting. There is also actually very little empirical evidence presented to support the major conclusion — which may well be correct — that the politicization of the bureaucracy is dysfunctional for economic development in peninsular Malaysia. Finally, Puthucheary's prescription for change, establishment of "strong political institutions" operating in an enhanced democratic setting as controls on the bureaucracy, seems a deus ex machina flying in the face of her well-documented case for likely continued Malay political hegemony.
|
2022-08-11T12:15:29.942Z
|
233,129,239 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/21534764.2020.1841420",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21534764.2020.1841420?needAccess=true"
}
|
At some stage, it would be nice to stop being so surprised by events on the Arabian Peninsula. The recent history of the region includes multiple instances of long-held taboos being overthrown, hitherto unseen policies being enacted, and regional norms being shattered across the sociopolitical and foreign policy spectrum. Mohammed bin Salman’s de facto rule in Saudi Arabia continues to upturn expectations as to what a Saudi leader can do in the domestic sphere, slashing through a litany of hitherto firmly entrenched shibboleths. The war in Yemen, led by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), is straightforwardly unparalleled in Emirati modern history, fundamentally recasting expectations as to the role of force as a lever of state power. Otherwise, in the foreign policy realm, in 2020, the UAE and then Bahrain recognized Israel for the first time –– the first Arab states to do so since Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994. In leading this gambit, the UAE firmly broke one of the enduring taboos of Arab politics, which held that Arab publics would not stand for any normalization without significant Israeli concessions. The 2017 blockade of Qatar launched and led principally by the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain joins this panoply of norm-challenging policies. Yet there is nothing necessarily new about the Gulf’s changeability. Indeed, the British announcing their decision to leave the Gulf in 1968, Iraq invading Iran in 1980, and Iraq invading Kuwait in 1990 were all surprising and region-shaking events. Whether the region’s volatility is a feature and not a bug, the fact remains that we need to deal with the region as we find it, contemporary unpredictability and all. So, as political scientists and area studies-focused scholars, we need to investigate phenomena such as the Gulf blockade of Qatar as region-defining issues. The blockade affected all levels of analysis, from the high politics of international relations to the low politics of the domestic level, with direct impacts on individuals studying, living, working, holidaying, and visiting family in the different monarchies. The goals of such studies must be reasonable. One need not be an arch-postmodernist to believe that there is no single truth that explains why the blockade was launched, and consequently what might resolve it. Rather, the goal must be to uncover wider pathologies of behavior that exacerbate animosities and engender commonalities of approach that allowed for a blockade of this nature to be implemented. Moreover, given the severity of the blockade, it is important to reflect on its dramatic impact in varied spheres, even in light of the 2021 resolution.
|
2022-09-15T05:41:17.320Z
|
122,757,211 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/0034-4885/19/1/302",
"MAG": "2141699070",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Three proton synchrotrons are now in operation in the energy range above 1000 MeV (1 GeV). A 1-GeV machine has been constructed at the University of Birmingham and 3- and 6-GeV machines are located at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (N. Y.) and the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory (California). In this report a general description of these three synchrotrons is preceded by a brief presentation of the applicable proton dynamics. A survey is also included of the salient features of a 10-GeV air-cored proton synchrotron under construction at Canberra (Australia). The discovery of alternating-gradient focusing has made possible the design of proton synchrotrons in the 10 to 50 GeV range. The dynamics of protons in alternating-gradient fields are discussed and design data are presented for machines to be constructed by Brookhaven and by the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Geneva, Switzerland. A novel application of the new focusing method evolved by the Midwest Universities Research Association (U.S.A.) is also explained.
|
2022-10-25T10:20:20.485Z
|
167,826,393 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.15580/GJSS.2015.2.281114401",
"MAG": "2333830259",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A nation is said to be developed economically when its citizen reaches the high possible standard of living. The key role of education towards the attainment of sustainable development has made qualitative education a key component of the Seven-Point Agenda of sustainable integration. This in turn requires a well equipped Academic Library on our tertiary institutions to improve our educational system. Academic Library is an institution that is well established to take care of the information needs of students, lecturers, researchers and other comity of scholars. The library is continuously bringing man in contact with the world in the fulfilment of its functions as a repository for knowledge in all forms and shapes. The realization of the enormous power of information has made Academic Library and information resource centres inevitably present in many sectors of Nigeria’s economy. The level and quality of Academic library participation in a populace such; as education, agricultural activities, health and commercial activities are paramount contributory factors to the level of economic and all development of Nigeria. It is therefore important that Academic Library should be given a stake holder roles for the Nigeria’s economic development.
|
2022-11-05T16:57:36.725Z
|
6,851,368 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1182/BLOOD.V95.4.1465.004K13_1465_1472",
"MAG": "1592002142",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Granzyme A (GrA) and B (GrB) together with perforin are the main constituents of cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. The cytotoxic proteins are released to deliver a lethal hit during contact between the CTL or NK cell and target cell. With the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antigenic levels, we showed in a recent study that plasma of patients with activated CTLs and NK cells contain elevated levels of extracellular GrA. In this study, we determined the form and proteolytic capacity of this extracellular GrA detected in plasma. With the use of various assays, we show that part of the extracellular GrA circulates in the mature conformation and is bound to proteoglycans that protect it against inactivation by protease inhibitors, such as antithrombin III and alpha-2-macroglobulin, whereas another part of GrA circulates as a complex with antithrombin III. Finally, with the use of a novel assay for active GrA, we demonstrate that some plasma samples with high levels of extracellular GrA contain active GrA. These results suggest that various forms of extracellular GrA occur in vivo and that the regulation of GrA activity may be modified by proteoglycans. These data support the notion that granzymes may exert extracellular functions distant from the site of CTL or NK cell interaction with their target cells. (Blood. 2000;95:1465-1472)
|
2022-12-07T22:45:48.442Z
|
244,415,237 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4081/nhs.2022.551",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://sisn.pagepress.org/index.php/nhs/article/download/551/574"
}
|
The Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus is a sensitive species whose national breeding population has been undergoing a sharp decrease, up to 50%, in 2010 compared to the previous decade. Due to the lack of updated data and fragmented knowledge about its current status and distribution in Sicily, a specific and accurate monitoring of this species was carried out during the years 2018 and 2019. About 230 km of coastline and 64 UTM squares 10x10 km were investigated during the breeding seasons, and a total of 205-287 pairs have been estimated for the whole region, distributed in 41 UTM squares (including the island of Favignana). Pairs are mainly concentrated in the complex of “Saline di Trapani and Stagnone di Marsala” and along the sandy coast of Gulf of Gela, with a higher abundance along the southeast coast of the region. Breeding population showed a decrease of 18-28% in number of pairs in comparison to the last estimation of 250-400 pairs reported for the years 2009-2010. After the investigation of 108 km of coastline and 46 UTM squares, the Sicilian wintering population has been estimated at 376- 563 ind., with wintering flocks mainly concentrated in the wetlands of “Mazara del Vallo” and along the coasts of Syracuse and the Gulf of Gela. These updated estimates place Sicily as the second most important Italian region for the wintering of this species, just after Sardinia. For the first time, the data collected have made it possible to draw up qualitative-quantitative maps of C. alexandrinus distribution in Sicily, providing an important instrument for the management and planning of specific conservation actions, which should be based on habitat protection and implementation of appropriate artificial ecological niches.
|
2022-12-10T09:08:13.925Z
|
214,580,785 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1755-1315/384/1/012005",
"MAG": "2990659324",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/384/1/012005"
}
|
Recently, the attention to Prussian Blue has been aroused in the next generation applications in many areas, due to its specific advantages. However, the development of Prussian blue remains significant challenges. For example, nowadays, it can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of ions batteries. Herein, we summarize the recent advances and applications materials on the progress of the study and application of Prussian Blue in several area, including storage, electrochemistry, photochemical, medical. Special attentions were given on the following items: Prussian Blue Sensor, Ionic batteries and Hydrogen storage. The superior chemical nature of Prussian Blue makes Prussian Blue important in many areas.
|
2022-12-12T19:20:17.555Z
|
255,121,049 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5937/grmk2204149p",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/2217-8139/2022/2217-81392204149P.pdf"
}
|
Recently, we have witnessed an extreme increase in the prices of energy and raw materials, on the one hand, and economic expansion, due to the business growth in construction sector, part of which is also the asphalt industry, on the other hand. The asphalt industry in particular is facing increasing challenges of economic acceptability and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as improving working conditions. One of the possible solutions proved to be warm mix asphalts (WMA), which can be produced and compacted at reduced temperatures in comparison to hot mix asphalt (HMA). The beginnings of WMA technology in Europe date back to 1999, while in Slovenia the first field test was conducted in 2005. In the last two decades a numerous research and studies on the properties and technologies of WMA production have been conducted. According to EAPA (European Asphalt Pavement Association), the use of WMA cumulatively in Europe in period from 2013 to 2020 is slowly increasing, but the differences in WMA production in individual European countries are significant. The article presents an overview of WMA production techniques, their advantages and disadvantages and their usage in individual European countries in comparison to Slovenia.
|
2022-12-30T00:58:11.274Z
|
202,915,980 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.15421/40290313",
"MAG": "2971536194",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://nv.nltu.edu.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/1885/1960"
}
|
The transformation of ecosystems at urban territories imposes serious threats to the well-being of its inhabitants, both human and non-human. Modern cities represent a random combination of natural and technogenic landscapes, which often have no connections, and therefore are not able to support animal populations. However, the stability of such clustered ecosystem is impossible without the provision of stable flow of energy and matter ensured by living organisms. Being vulnerable to the negative factors of the urban environment, animals are also able to reflect its condition, so by contributing to the diversity of urban fauna it is possible to increase the overall quality of living conditions in a city. However, animals in cities are represented by insects, rodents, domesticated animals and single ubiquist organism, which either cannot be monitored, form real populations or are not desired. Therefore birds are considered to be that part of zoocenosis, which are worth investing efforts in support and development. The research has been conducted to study the avifauna of Kyiv City and major threats to its diversity and populations. The major risks for birds at the territory of Kyiv are formed by the fragmentation of natural landscapes, introduction of new species, pollution of the environment, waste accumulation and physical factors of pollution, namely light and noise. In order to provide the conservation of existing bird associations it is offered to unite a chain of landscapes, joined by close location, well preserved phytocoenosis and favourable conditions for birds' living activity, into protected objects with corresponding legal status. The fundamental element of the future protected areas is chosen to be water bodies of the city. The analysis of suitable and available areas has output a structure of 4 cores, based on lakes of Svytoshynsky, Osokorky, Obolon and Desnyansky districts of Kyiv. They all possess the necessary feature to apply for protected status and are already habitats of urban avifauna. The success of this initiative should be supported by the creation of single management body for all protected areas of Kyiv. The investments in the implementation of the project are estimated and cover organizational and technical actions.
|
2022-01-27T16:08:01.935Z
|
37,477,833 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/BI011954K",
"MAG": "1999904181",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Differently hydrated films of photosystem II (PSII) core complexes from Synechococcus elongatus were prepared in a humidity-controlled infrared cell. The relative humidity was changed by a simple method of placing a different ratio of glycerol/water solution in the sealed cell. The extent of hydration of the PSII film was lowered as the glycerol ratio increased. FTIR difference spectra of the water oxidizing complex upon the first to sixth flashes were measured at 10 degrees C using these hydrated PSII films. The FTIR spectra (1800-1200 cm(-1)) of the PSII films hydrated using 20% and 40% glycerol/water showed basically the same features as those of the core sample in solution [Noguchi, T., and Sugiura, M. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 1497-1502], and the prominent peaks exhibited clear period four oscillation patterns. These observations indicate that the S-state cycle properly functions in these hydrated samples. In the PSII films less hydrated, however, the efficiencies of S-state transitions decreased as the extent of hydration was lowered. This tendency was more significant in the S2 --> S3 and S3 --> S0 transitions than in the S1 --> S2 and S0 --> S1 transitions, indicating that the reactions or movements of water molecules are more strongly coupled with the former two transitions than the latter two. The implication of this observation was discussed in light of the water oxidizing mechanism especially in respect to the steps of substrate incorporation and proton release. Furthermore, in the OH stretching region (3800-3000 cm(-1)) of the first-flash spectrum, a differential signal was observed at 3618/3585 cm(-1), which was previously found in the S2/S1 spectrum of a frozen sample at 250 K and assigned to the water vibrations [Noguchi, T., and Sugiura, M. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 10943-10949]. The fact that the signal appeared even in rather dehydrated PSII films at a physiological temperature (10 degrees C) supported the idea that this water is located in the close vicinity of the Mn cluster and directly involved in the water oxidizing reaction. The results also showed that moderate hydration of the PSII sample made the whole OH region measurable, escaping from absorption saturation by bulk water, and thus will be a useful technique to monitor the water reactions during the S-state cycle using FTIR spectroscopy.
|
2022-12-12T17:35:49.523Z
|
237,600,626 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3389/fpls.2021.683986",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "8495028"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.683986/pdf"
}
|
The dynamic acclimation of photosynthesis plays an important role in increasing the fitness of a plant under variable light environments. Since acclimation is partially mediated by a glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2 (GPT2), this study examined whether plants lacking GPT2, which consequently have defective acclimation to increases in light, are more susceptible to oxidative stress. To understand this mechanism, we used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana [accession Wassilewskija-4 (Ws-4)] and compared it with mutants lacking GPT2. The plants were then grown at low light (LL) at 100 μmol m−2 s−1 for 7 weeks. For the acclimation experiments, a set of plants from LL was transferred to 400 μmol m−2 s−1 conditions for 7 days. Biochemical and physiological analyses showed that the gpt2 mutant plants had significantly greater activity for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guiacol peroxidase (GPOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, the mutant plants had significantly lower maximum quantum yields of photosynthesis (Fv/Fm). A microarray analysis also showed that gpt2 plants exhibited a greater induction of stress-related genes relative to wild-type (WT) plants. We then concluded that photosynthetic acclimation to a higher intensity of light protects plants against oxidative stress.
|
2022-12-17T04:25:57.222Z
|
11,625,566 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1210/jc.2015-1700",
"MAG": "2194037604",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-pdf/101/2/427/16607603/jcem0427.pdf"
}
|
CONTEXT
The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency is clinically challenging and often requires ACTH stimulation tests.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the high- (250 mcg) and low- (1 mcg) dose ACTH stimulation tests in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.
METHODS
We searched six databases through February 2014. Pairs of independent reviewers selected studies and appraised the risk of bias. Diagnostic association measures were pooled across studies using a bivariate model.
DATA SYNTHESIS
For secondary adrenal insufficiency, we included 30 studies enrolling 1209 adults and 228 children. High- and low-dose ACTH stimulation tests had similar diagnostic accuracy in adults and children using different peak serum cortisol cutoffs. In general, both tests had low sensitivity and high specificity resulting in reasonable likelihood ratios for a positive test (adults: high dose, 9.1; low dose, 5.9; children: high dose, 43.5; low dose, 7.7), but a fairly suboptimal likelihood ratio for a negative test (adults: high dose, 0.39; low dose, 0.19; children: high dose, 0.65; low dose, 0.34). For primary adrenal insufficiency, we included five studies enrolling 100 patients. Data were only available to estimate the sensitivity of high dose ACTH stimulation test (92%; 95% confidence interval, 81-97%).
CONCLUSION
Both high- and low-dose ACTH stimulation tests had similar diagnostic accuracy. Both tests are adequate to rule in, but not rule out, secondary adrenal insufficiency. Our confidence in these estimates is low to moderate because of the likely risk of bias, heterogeneity, and imprecision.
|
2023-01-01T17:52:05.292Z
|
149,593,300 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0145482X1410800205",
"MAG": "2904801001",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Introduction The purpose of this article is to explore the effect of nonverbal information (gestures and facial expressions) provided in real time on the interpretation of utterances by people with total blindness. Methods The article reports on an exploratory study performed on two groups of participants with visual impairments who were tested on their ability to interpret short dialogues provided as a recording with or without audio description (AD). The AD supplied additional information about gestures and facial expressions performed by speakers in the dialogues. The performance of the visually impaired participants was compared with participants who were sighted. Results There were no significant differences in the interpretation of the dialogues between the two groups of participants. No significant differences were found between the participants with visual impairments who were and were not provided with AD. Discussion The findings lend support for the premise that people with visual impairments are able to make correct assumptions about intentions, feelings, and attitudes of other people on the basis of available information during communication. The results also suggest that the lack of direct access to gestures and facial expressions during communication does not tend to impair the understanding of utterances by people who are blind.
|
2022-01-27T10:27:52.669Z
|
153,249,710 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/9781139028226.004",
"MAG": "1503942910",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This chapter will explore the social, cultural and musical impact of Duke Ellington in the UK, focussing on his 1933 tour of the country, his appearances at the Royal Festival Hall and the Leeds Centenary Festival in 1958 and the premiere of the Third Sacred Concert in London in 1973. These performances, which span Ellington’s career, each took place within the context of particular social and political circumstances, in a range of performance situations and in different regions of the UK.
Ellington’s first visit to Britain in the interwar years took him from the Palladium, one of London’s leading variety halls, to similar venues in Liverpool, Glasgow and Birmingham. During this tour, Ellington and his musicians also played late-night dances and Sunday concerts and. Ellington’s music was familiar mainly among musicians and critics at this time, and whilst trying to meet the high expectations of these influential figures, such as through Melody Maker sponsored Musicians’ Concerts in London, he also had to entertain the general public at these venues. This first visit inspired Ellington to compose ‘Hyde Park’ as a tribute to London, but upon meeting the monarch in 1958, he wrote the more extensive ‘Queen’s Suite’. Whilst the 1933 visit was essentially the result of the enthusiasm and patronage of individuals, namely Jack Hylton and Spike Hughes, and the subsequent tour was probably an unplanned afterthought, the band’s next appearance in the UK demonstrates the strength that Ellington’s reputation had gathered in the intervening years. In 1958, following appearances at the Royal Festival Hall in London, a major concert venue, Ellington’s band opened and closed the jazz section of the Leeds Festival, which was otherwise largely devoted to classical music. Ultimately, Ellington’s work was heard in yet another prestigious setting in the UK, when his Third Sacred Concert was first performed in Westminster Abbey on 24 October 1973 in celebration of United Nations Day.
These three visits provide a rich basis for comparative study of the British reception of Ellington’s developing musical style as demonstrated by these performances, and for wider conclusions to be drawn regarding the attitudes to African American jazz in different periods, places and situations. Contemporary sources, including reviews from local and national papers together with oral history material, will be used to gauge the reaction of critics and audiences in the UK. Furthermore, these three occurrences exemplify the reciprocal nature of cultural exchange between the USA and the UK. Whilst the inspiration that the visits offered to Ellington is frequently considered, this chapter will also explore his influence on British jazz musicians during this forty-year period.
|
2022-02-09T02:27:24.387Z
|
203,982,522 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3991/IJOE.V13I01.5891",
"MAG": "2573669392",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The specific implementation mode of remote equipment monitoring for remote sensor networks in photovoltaic power systems using web-based gateways is described in detail. Message conversion and transmission in the process of data transmission using Ethernet and a communication mode are explained. The sensor signal is converted to light or electrical signals by the remote monitoring system. Many problems can be resolved effectively using a remote sensor network. A mining database system model Web facing has been proposed using database mining, log files, and user profiles.
|
2022-07-09T05:09:59.048Z
|
145,167,315 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2466/pr0.1969.25.1.231",
"MAG": "2108740442",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The lost-letter technique was validated against the 1968 Presidential, Senatorial and Congressional elections. Placement on car windshields predicted the trend in all 3 races when only the major candidates were compared. The results for a third candidate (Wallace) were very misleading and suggest that magnitude of returns is not an accurate index of voting strength. It was concluded that the lost-letter technique has some promise for predicting elections and should be more thoroughly investigated.
|
2022-08-20T03:26:03.419Z
|
167,500,599 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2307/1247495",
"MAG": "2027863734",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "pd",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924013858083"
}
|
TO BUSINESS FINANCE By BION B. HOWARD, Northwestern University; and DEAN MILLER UPTON, Washington University. 565 pages, $6.00 Specially designed for beginning course in business finance, this text reduces the heavy dose of descriptive material found in most introductory corporation finance texts, and provides more space for developing the principles and practices of financial management in business enterprise.
|
2022-12-03T16:30:30.033Z
|
31,502,321 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ICAETR.2014.7012812",
"MAG": "2544495508",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Wireless communication is a promising technology for a wide range of applications from TV remote control to satellite based TV systems. As the need for high data rate is increasing day by day the need for multicarrier communication has come in to picture. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier transmission technique used for high data rate wireless transmission. In OFDM the transmitter modulates the message bit sequence in to symbols, performs IFFT, converts in to time domain signal and transmits through a wireless channel. The information usually get distorted due to characteristics of the channel So it is required to estimate the channel characteristics and compensate at the receiver to recover the information sent. In this paper we explore two estimation techniques Least Square (LS) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) using International Telecommunication Union (ITU) vehicular A channel model, further symbol error rate is calculated for different Doppler frequencies.
|
2022-12-23T07:45:32.873Z
|
162,208,202 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4000/LIAME.129",
"MAG": "2046681597",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Apres la tenue de 1639 les Etats de Provence, qui avaient ete jusque la tres actifs, au moins depuis 1536, n’ont plus ete convoques avant 1788, et leur disparition l’annee suivante s’est faite sans drame. Mais les demandes de retablissement subsequentes a la suspension n’ont pas ete tres nombreuses : en 1652 et 1656 c’est l’ensemble des trois ordres qui reclament. Mais en 1661, en 1756, en 1764 le troisieme ordre (Tiers etat) a refuse de s’associer aux demarches de la noblesse. A la fin du re...
|
2022-01-27T05:59:01.446Z
|
153,518,834 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1467-8616.2010.00661.X",
"MAG": "2024112762",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Yiorgos MylonadisIn each issue we ask an academic to explain the big question their research hopes to shed light on. looks at how people define and solve problems. Yiorgos Mylonadis
|
2022-02-09T02:20:41.267Z
|
161,881,967 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1353/nlh.1999.0009",
"MAG": "2022122042",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
The installation of poets in the academy is now so complete that it is easy to forget that the relation of poetry and contempo rary literature?let alone poets and contemporary writers?to departments of literature was once considered problematic. It was not really until the establishment of the New Criticism that contemporary poetry became an acceptable object of academic literary studies, and even then the methods of reading it applied, and the readings of the works of high modernism those methods yielded, tended to ignore issues of authorial presence and of the ways in which works of literature were actually produced. True, most of the major poets of the generation succeeding the high modernists?Delmore Schwartz, Robert Lowell, John Berryman, Randall Jarrell, Elizabeth Bishop?spent at least parts of their careers in English departments. But more often than not this was as teachers and scholars of literature, as with Berryman and Schwartz, or, as with Lowell and Bishop, as individual teachers of writing, whose roles were sui generis and left them only distandy connected to the depart ments to which they were formally attached. It is only recently, with the explosion in the number of creative writing programs, that the idea of poetry as the basis of an entire academic career has emerged, a career in which one receives formal instruction in the writing of poetry both as an undergraduate and as a graduate student, and having thus acquired the requisite credentials, joins the professoriate in a capacity structurally no different from that of a professor of German, philosophy, or economics. My own situation as a poet has always placed me at one remove from formal literary studies and the teaching of writing. In high school I was deeply fascinated by literature, particularly modernist fiction, and did a certain amount of writing myself. But these were secondary to my primary interests in mathematics and physics, which I intended to pursue as a career. In college my interest shifted to philosophy, and I began writing poetry seriously. At that time there were at Princeton a number of undergraduate poets, most of them (even those who were English majors) united in their disdain for the English department and the contemporary poets of whom its faculty approved. R. P. Blackmur did serve as a source of encouragement and inspiration, though of course he was himself an autodidact whose relationship to academia was New Literary History, 1999, 30: 93-106
|
2022-03-06T06:17:53.511Z
|
145,625,222 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1146/ANNUREV.AN.10.100181.001345",
"MAG": "2150066853",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
ly more tg kw" cw kw abstractly tyw kyw With this scheme, in which the newly established obstruents fit symmetrically, Krauss (17) showed how these four sets of obstruents merge in ways in which other obstruents, including the velars, do not. The y-feature (whatever phonetic characteristics it may represent), which is shared by the four sets of obstruents, suggests that the obstruents constitute a natural class. Tharp (32) first suggested that the *kw series that Krauss postulated for PA is coronal, i.e. not a pre-velar, but dorsopalatal. Krauss now believes that *kw was pre-velar in PAE, but changed to palatal (i.e. coronal) in PA. I shall return to this question shortly. The interesting point is that the four sets of PA obstruents have maintained a remarkable structural relationship as shown by the pattern of historical developments. The coronality of the *k series (and *kw series) is also indicated by internal reconstruction. In 1978 I (6) postulated a voiced dorsopalatal fricative (Y = y) for Sarcee purely on the basis of internal phonological alternations. It has turned out that this dorsopalatal which derives from *y (i.e. ,*k series) triggers the sibilant assimilation in the same way the palatal sibilants do. More recently, in a manuscript which is still being revised, Krauss (20) is more explicit about the phonetics of PAE *kw and its PA counterpart, and he suggests that the interpretations of *ts, *ts, *k, and *kw as tY, tYw, kY, and kYw respectively were once true for PAE, but were no longer true for PA. Viitso [as reported by Krauss (18)] and Tharp (32) observed the inadequacy of these interpretations primarily because it is *ts, but not *kW, that has developed into kw in Dogrib and p(f) or kw in some Slavey dialects, all of which can be explained in terms of flattening or rounding (labialization). A more striking case for this type of development is seen in Chilcotin, in which alveolars and velars oppose phonemically in terms of sharp and flat (pharyngealized) features, ts vs ts k vs q (see 4). Interestingly, flat alveolars develop from *ts, and its sharp counterparts develop from the merger of *kw and *t? series, e.g., This content downloaded from 157.55.39.112 on Wed, 07 Sep 2016 04:24:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms ATHAPASKAN LINGUISTICS 257 *ts > ts (flat): *ts'an > ts an 'bone', *sad? > zi 'mouth' *tsi9 > tsi 'head'. *8 > ts (sharp): *tsa > tsae 'beaver', *tsu > tsu 'grandmother' *kw > ts *xwun > zun 'good', *gwe-n > dzin 'day' *sWa > sae 'sun'. The above Chilcotin data provides some support for Viitso's interpretation of *ts, *ts, *k, and *kw as tYw, tY, kYw, and kY, respectively,3 where the w-feature is considered to be [+flat] in the Jakobsonian framework (13). Now the development of the flat alveolar sibilant in Chilcotin from *ts, that of the Tsetsaut labial consonant from *kW, and that of the retroflex obstruents in Alaskan languages are all attributable to the w-feature, i.e. [+flat]. On the other hand, the merger of *ts and *kw (tY and kY a la Viitso) is explainable in terms of the loss of opposition between two points of articulation. Krauss, however, still prefers his own abstract interpretation of the four sets of obstruents to those of Viitso's, taking a more concrete approach to the development of labials from the *ts series. He believes the labials have been developed from *ts through an intermediate stage, namely an interdental, i.e. ts > tO > pf. But a similar interpretation is unlikely for the development of kw (Dogrib, Slavey) from *ts, i.e. there is no reason to believe that kw has gone through an intermediate stage, ts or kW. Nor does this "pushchain" type of interpretation make sense for the development of Chilcotin ts (flat sibilant series) from *ts. While this problem remains unresolved, Krauss now transcribes PA reflex of PAE *kw as [tsw] or [ts'w ] which can be abstractly interpreted as tywr. This heavily "marked" segment is obviously intended to account for such a labialized alveolar palatal as Hupa t?w on the one hand and a retroflex alveopalatal as Kiowa-Apache tsr on the other. In terms of the Jakobsonian distinctive feature framework, both the w-feature and the r-feature are considered to be [+flat], hence these two phonetic features are mutually exclusive realizations of the same distinctive feature. While it is generally accepted that labialization (rounding) has to be independent of pharyngealization, since both may be phonemic in one language, i.e. labialization and pharyngealization are not mutually exclusive with respect to a given language, it has not been explicitly questioned, at least to my knowledge, whether or not these two features are mutually exclusive with respect to a given segment. Chilcotin velars seem to suggest that these features are not mutually exclusive with respect to a given segment either: q (as in -qan 'husband') 3This interpretation is reported by Krauss (18), but I have not been able to see Viitso's article. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.112 on Wed, 07 Sep 2016 04:24:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
|
2022-03-11T09:09:59.145Z
|
251,077,474 |
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"DOI": "10.18235/0004359",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Um dos maiores desafios para a economia brasileira é se consolidar em uma rota de prosperidade e bem-estar sustentável no médio e longo prazo. No entanto, superar a restriço orçamentária imposta pela pandemia e o histórico de baixa efetividade de investimentos na esfera pública no é trivial. A superaço desse desafio envolve no apenas a melhoria do gasto público, mas principalmente o aumento da atratividade do capital privado para nossa carteira de projetos de infraestrutura. Levantamentos recentes do Ministério da Economia realizados a partir dos diversos planos setoriais de infraestrutura indicam a necessidade de um choque de investimento da ordem de R$ 8,6 trilhes até 2050. A previso é que esse montante seja necessário para destravar o aumento da produtividade da nossa economia, além de garantir a universalizaço de serviços essenciais de infraestrutura para a populaço brasileira. Nesse sentido, o ferramental apresentado neste Guia oferece diretrizes para que os projetos de investimento em infraestrutura sejam feitos de maneira mais objetiva, transparente e sistemática, auxiliando o dirigente público na tomada de decises e na melhoria da qualidade dos gastos.
|
2022-07-28T01:51:50.398Z
|
59,619,237 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/MEPCON.2018.8635187",
"MAG": "2912090686",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this paper, a study of open and closed loop scalar control of three phase induction motor (3-ph IM) for electric vehicle (EV) applications are presented. In scalar control, the air gap flux of the induction motor (IM) is kept constant by setting the ratio between stator voltage and frequency always constant. The stator voltage and frequency is controlled via a voltage source inverter using pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software package is used to simulate the EV driven by a 3-ph IM to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed control techniques. The simulation results show that the open loop scalar control is suitable for low accuracy EV applications while the closed loop is suitable for high accuracy applications.
|
2022-08-25T03:48:15.237Z
|
129,631,888 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1029/93GL01519",
"MAG": "1968011988",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
One of the key factors in assessing the climatic impact of the Mount Pinatubo eruption of June 15, 1991, is the relative size of this eruption as it compares with other eruptions. As a first approximation, the climatic changes observed after those earlier eruptions can be used to predict the changes to be expected from the more recent eruption. Ideally this intercomparison should be done with a common measurement system. Data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) onboard the NOAA polar orbiting environmental satellite can be used to compare the optical properties of the aerosol layer produced by the two most recent major volcanic eruptions, El Chichon, early-April 1982, and Mount Pinatubo, mid-June 1991. In this paper, we use the error introduced into the multi-channel sea surface temperature (MCSST) fields by the volcanically-produced stratospheric aerosol layer to make a relative comparison of the size of the two eruptions. We also use aerosol optical thickness (AOT) estimates from the visible reflectance channel of the AVHRR to verify that the MCSST errors are indeed related to aerosol particle concentration in the stratosphere. During the first three months following both eruptions, these comparisons reveal that Mount Pinatubo introduced slightly less than twice (1.6 to 1.9) the amount of aerosol into the stratosphere as El Chichon.
|
2022-09-10T00:03:43.770Z
|
53,315,273 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5772/18756",
"MAG": "1528367759",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/16911"
}
|
The infrarenal aorta is a region of variable hemodynamics, with low mean and oscillating shear stress, variable secondary flow patterns with vortex formations and consequent high particle residence time (Tang et al, 2006, Dua & Dalman, 2010). Among the biomechanical parameters, wall stress holds a fundamental role, since its distribution and maximum values have been associated with the risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA) rupture (Fillinger et al, 2003 and Venkatasubramaniam et al, 2004). Rupture can occur where the mechanical forces per unit area of the aortic wall (stress) exceed the local strength, so that reliable rupture risk estimation should take into account both the local distribution of stress and wall strength. Furthermore, high values of wall stress in transition areas of AAAs, ie inflection site between the neck and the AAA sac have been recently reported to differentiate those small AAAs with rapid expansion rate, possibly rendering them amenable to early intervention (Li et al, 2010a). Computer-enhanced geometric modeling and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have been used to study the biomechanical behavior of the aorta and the aortic aneurysms (Steinman et al, 2003), contributing in the development of measures to assess AAA rupture risk (Malkawi et al, 2010) and expansion (Li et al, 2010b). This chapter reviews from the clinical point of view the role of wall stress in AAA rupture risk models.
|
2022-09-16T09:32:22.529Z
|
230,997,057 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/SSLChinaIFWS51786.2020.9308753",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The hardness values of 4H-SiC silicon with different nitrogen and vanadium doping concentrations is measured by nanoinderter. It is found that the hardness value is positively correlated with the nitrogen doping concentration ranges from 3.50×1017 to 8.02×1018cm-3, and high vanadium doping concentration will reduce the hardness value of the silicon carbide. Base on the first principles, the elastic constants of Vasp software are simulated and calculated, and the bulk modulus and shear modulus of non-doped, nitrogen-doped and vanadium-doped 4H-SiC are estimated by Voigt-Reuss-Hill. The calculation results show that the shear modulus of vanadium-doped silicon carbide and nitrogen-doped silicon carbide are lower than that of non-doped silicon carbide.
|
2022-09-25T15:47:10.700Z
|
105,478,082 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1039/c8ra05069d",
"MAG": "2884758316",
"PubMedCentral": "9082551"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2018/ra/c8ra05069d"
}
|
Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) is a promising technology for bioremediation, environmental monitoring and remote power supply in various water environments. Optimizing the anode/cathode surface area ratio (SARa/c) is important to enhance the power and decrease the cost of SMFCs. However, in fact, little information has been reported to optimize the SARa/c of SMFCs in individual or stacked mode. This study comparatively analyzed the effects of electrode surface areas on the performance of single SMFCs and serial SMFC-stacks under separated- and connected-hydraulic conditions. The results suggested an optimal SARa/c of 1 to 1.33 for both single and serial stacked SMFCs. Voltage reversal occurred in serial SMFC stacks with unoptimal SARa/c but not in optimized stacks. The more the SARa/c deviated from the optimal SARa/c, the more easily the voltage reversal occurred (i.e. lower reversal current). Compared to a separated-hydraulic environment, a connected-hydraulic environment showed no effect on the power generation of anode-limiting SMFC stacks but decreased the power generation and reversal current of cathode-limiting SMFCs, probably due to larger parasitic current. The results are important for the scale-up and application of SMFCs.
|
2022-10-25T15:50:30.238Z
|
226,507,358 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1051/matecconf/202031801006",
"MAG": "3049018783",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801006"
}
|
Due to recent developments in the field of additive manufacturing enormous advantages have become in product design and manufacturing process. Before the appearance of additive manufacturing, developing very complex or light weight structures was difficult to manufacture. The development of artificial intelligent technology helps to develop new collaborative tools and algorithms. Generative design approach is one of them. The outcome model from a generative design study is not depending only from designer/engineer experience or his knowledge. Designers can react with sophisticated algorithms through CAD programs to specify the shape and the topology of the model. A significant tool on a generative design system is topology optimization which is able to generate different solutions. The changes in design process are significant. A rough conceptual design (sketch) or a 3d model is first prepared. Then, boundary conditions, safety factor, manufacturing limitations and materials properties are defined. The generative design system generates potential solutions. It’s up to the designer to find the design that best fits to his need. In this paper the review covers the limitations of current systems through the study of specific design cases using commercial generative design systems.
|
2022-12-10T10:00:58.115Z
|
18,332,635 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "astro-ph/0103230",
"DOI": "10.1086/321509",
"MAG": "2016265264",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0103230"
}
|
We study the effect of nuclear reaction on a thin, axisymmetric, differentially rotating, inviscid, steady accretion flow around a black hole from an analytical point of view. We find that, for most of the reasonable disk parameters, when the p-p reaction and the dissociation of deuterium and of helium are taken into account, the transonic region of the disk continues to have the inner sonic point and, if the temperature of the flow at the injection point could be raised (by some heating processes), the flow would have to pass through this inner sonic point. Otherwise, the flow may be unstable. We use the sonic-point analysis to study the solution. In the rest of the disk parameters the inner sonic point is absent altogether, and the flow will definitely be unstable.
|
2022-12-15T10:54:45.479Z
|
30,512,696 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1148/RADIOLOGY.204.2.9240536",
"MAG": "1982544487",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
PURPOSE
To evaluate causative factors of cerebral edema after stereotactic radiosurgery or stereotactic radiation therapy in intracranial meningiomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Of 43 adult patients with intracranial meningiomas, three received 13.5-18-Gy single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery; one received 19.8 Gy in three fractions, one received 42 Gy in six fractions, and 31 received 32-36 Gy in six to eight fractions of stereotactic radiation therapy; and seven received 45-54-Gy external-beam radiation with 20-28 Gy in five to seven fractions as concomitant stereotactic boosts. Brain edema was estimated by calculating the edema index.
RESULTS
After irradiation, all 11 patients with parasagittal and four patients with nonparasagittal tumors developed worsening cerebral edema that necessitated the administration of steroids (P < .001). The statistically significant factors for the development of edema were parasagittal location, presence of pretreatment edema, sagittal sinus occlusion, and the use of more than 6 Gy per fraction. Five patients with parasagittal tumors developed life-threatening panhemispheric edema, which was fatal in one. The causative factors of panhemispheric edema were a large tumor, single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery, or use of more than 6 Gy per fraction.
CONCLUSION
A smaller dose per fraction and aggressive use of steroids may help prevent life-threatening complications due to worsening edema.
|
2022-12-27T17:06:38.290Z
|
3,843,718 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/jcb.26751",
"MAG": "2792765330",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Microbial colonization is an outcome of appropriate sensing and regulation of its gene expression. Bacillus anthracis adapts and thrives in its environment through complex regulatory mechanisms, among them, the two component systems (TCS). Many bacteria respond to the oxygen fluctuations via TCS. In the present work, a previously uncharacterized TCS, Bas1213‐1214, of B. anthracis with a probable role in oxygen sensing has been characterized as a functional TCS. A substantial increase in the expression of Bas1213 was observed during the stationary growth phase, in presence of bicarbonate ions, and under oxidative stress thereby speculating the role of Bas1213 in toxin production and adaptive responses. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and ANS assay highlighted autoregulation of the system. Identification of Bas1213 regulon further suggested its regulatory function in metabolism and adaptive responses. A marked reduction in sporulation was observed on overexpression of Bas1213 in B. anthracis which can be correlated with the augmented expression of sporulation kinase D. Additionally, Bas1213 was shown to regulate catalase, and ABC transporter (mntH) further implicating its essential role during oxidative stress. Finally, crucial residues involved in the DNA binding activity of Bas1213 were also identified. This study reports that the role of Bas1213‐1214 in the regulation of metabolism and adaptive responses during oxidative stress. Both sporulation and response to environmental oxygen are important for the maintenance of B. anthracis lifecycle, therefore, characterization of Bas1213‐1214 provides a step closer toward understanding the regulatory network governing in B. anthracis.
|
2022-12-27T22:20:55.862Z
|
154,835,762 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00208825.2002.11043670",
"MAG": "2102963033",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
How do managers discursively construct the consultant-client relationship? How do these constructions relate to managerial discourses of the bureaucratic and the network organization, and how can an observed ambiguous image of the consultant-client relationship among managers be understood? These are questions discussed in this article. It is concluded that managers discuss the actual use of and value creation in consulting in terms of the network discourse, while normative statements on how to manage consultants echo a bureaucratic discourse. We argue that research on management consulting must desert its anchoring in the bureaucratic discourse in order to contribute to a more constructive understanding of management consulting.
|
2023-01-02T04:33:57.184Z
|
27,148,518 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2307/3348574",
"MAG": "2282785912",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
N most of our family planning studies we found it both expedient and sufficient to deal with relatively small groups of people. This is one of the reasons why, successful as our programs have been, family planning groups in Asian countries outside Japan have not seen in our techniques and methods a ready means of dealing with the complexities and vastness of their family welfare problems. In Japan, too, we are concerned with the question of how to bring successful contraceptive practice to large groups of people because, although we have set an historical record in the extent and rapidity of the decline in our national birth rate, abortion has played and continues to play too great a role in this phenomenon. Whereas small family planning programs do not necessarily require a complex formal administrative set-up in dealing with large population groups, the structure and organization of the guiding team are of paramount importance. Thus, in its attempt to spread family planning practice among large segments of the population, the Japanese Government is utilizing the existing public health administrative organization. The basic family limitation plan is formulated by the Bureau of Public Health of the welfare department of the central government, from whence it is passed on, together with a monetary appropriation, to the health department of each prefectural government. To implement the plan the health centers, about 500 in number scattered all over the country, oversee the work of some 50,000 case workers, most of whom are midwives. Be-
|
2022-01-27T17:04:14.890Z
|
170,919,578 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7788/saeculum.1962.13.jg.278",
"MAG": "2323339370",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Zwei Vorstellungen liegen in Verbindung miteinander und in gegenseitiger Ergänzung jenem Gedanken zugrunde, der in der Formel cathedra Petri seinen Ausdruck gefunden hat: die Vorstellung von Petrus und die Vorstellung seines Amtes. Die eine wie die andere ist nicht ausschließlich der römischen Kirche eigen, denn sie erscheinen in Quellen verschiedener Herkunft; ebensowenig können sie bloß gelegentlichen Umständen zugeschrieben werden und nodi viel weniger bestimmten Personen. Die Vorstellung von Petrus hat ganz offensichtlich ihre Wurzel in den Evangelien und ist aus jenen Texten hervorgewadisen. Dodi geht es hier nidit darum, ausfindig zu machen, wann und wie die auf Petrus bezüglichen Stellen erscheinen, sondern darum, festzustellen, wie die Gestalt und die Kennzeichen von Petrus sich aus den ältesten Zeugnissen und Darstellungen ergeben. Nun ist eine Besonderheit der ältesten Petrws-Überlieferung namentlich herauszustellen: die Erhebung des Apostels bis zur Gleichstellung mit Christus. Das wird schon sichtbar an einer Stelle der „Petrus-Apokalypse", eines in Ägypten zu Beginn des 2. Jahrhunderts — vielleicht noch früher — verfaßten apokryphen Werkes, deren Bedeutung Peterson erkannt hat; darin wird eine bezeichnende Angleidiung zwischen Petrus und Christus hergestellt, wenn es heißt, der Martertod des Apostels „werde den Anfang des Untergangs bedeuten für den Sohn der Unterwelt"2. So etwas konnten Christen nur von Christus selbst aussagen. Ebenso bezeichnend ist das Zeugnis eines heidnischen Schriftstellers, das Harnack erläutert hat, nämlidi dasjenige des wenig bekannten Aelius Phlegon, eines Freigelassenen des Kaisers Hadrian und Verfassers eines Werkes, das verlorenging. Hierin wurde, indem von Christus die Rede war, Petrus genau das zugeschrieben, was Christus zukommt, wie Orígenes bezeugt: „Περί Πέτρου ώς περί Ί η σ ο ΰ " 3 . Ein solcher Übergang von Christus auf Petrus läßt sich mit der beschränkten Kenntnis des Lebens Christi allein, die jener heidnische Schriftsteller besitzen konnte, noch nicht erklären, er zeigt vielmehr — wie Harnack dargelegt hat —, daß unter den Christen, von denen Phlegon seine Nachrichten bezog, die Person Petri so hoch erhoben und so sehr jener von Christus gleichgestellt wurde, daß bei einem NichtChristen diese Verwirrung und Verwechslung des einen mit dem anderen entstehen
|
2022-02-08T17:04:56.953Z
|
128,962,171 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1306/948864BB-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D",
"MAG": "2042364944",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Since 1979, heightened exploration for gold in eastern Queensland has resulted in the re-evaluation and new discovery of several primary (nonalluvial) bulk tonnage gold deposits. These include: (a) Kidston - 44-4 m.t. @ 1.79 g/t Au, 2.22 g/t Ag (b) Red Dome 13.8 m.t. @ 2.0 g/t Au, 0.46% Cu, 5.25 g/t Ag (c) Mt. Leyshon -16.5 m.t. @ 1.5 g/t Au. The above deposits are currently in various stages of production or development. Together with a substantial number of subeconomic prospects, these deposits are of the same tectonodepositional style. They are postorogenic in relation to the orogen in which they occur and are associated with subaerial acid volcanic or subvolcanic rocks. The deposits are found in Devonian to Early Creta ceous continental and volcanic arch volcanics. Deposits of Permo-Carboniferous age are most common. The deposits occur as brec cia pipes, hydrothermal volcanic vents, proximal extruded deposits, and as related skarn deposits. The Mount Morgan Mine, formerly the largest bulk tonnage gold mine in eastern Queensland, recently ceased production. Until the end of 1979, it had produced more than 238,000 kg gold and more than 360,000 t copper from 51 m.t. ore. This deposit is an example of precratonic (or orogenic) mineralization associated with submarine acid volcanism. Deposits of this category are related to Kuroko-type massive sulfide mineralization forming as gold-rich footwall stringer zones or pipes. Auriferous deposits of this type are found along dominantly submarine volcanic arcs (protoisland arcs) and in volcanic rifts. They range in age from CambroOrdovician to Early Permian. Although numerous examples of nonvolcanic-related gold mineralization occur in eastern Queensland, none have realized eco nomic potential as bulk tonnage deposits (i.e., those greater than 5 m.t.).
|
2022-02-09T15:08:57.018Z
|
109,605,820 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3141/1650-02",
"MAG": "2010495366",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT), in collaboration with the Utah State University Ecology Center, has created a geographic information system (GIS) of spatially referenced roadside and context landscape attributes pertinent to roadside vegetation management. Construction of the ROADVEG GIS involved the design of a relational database, the assignment of attributes to 2200 km (1,365 mi) of road segments through on-the-road field inventories, and the linkage of database attributes to spatial coverages for GIS presentation and query. The ROADVEG GIS offers UDOT personnel a new way to remotely assess existing roadside and context vegetation attributes along Utah’s roadways, as well as a potentially powerful method of performing multivariate spatial queries for long-range planning. Through queries of the ROADVEG inventory, road segments with specified multivariate conditions are readily identifiable. Visual depictions of multiple vegetation management scenarios with varying cost-benefit ratios are now possible.
|
2022-02-10T05:53:10.734Z
|
94,324,969 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2320/JINSTMET.68.102",
"MAG": "1570033909",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The surface of six different grades of commercial sub-micron high purity alpha alumina powders produced by two different processes, in-situ chemical vapor deposition (AA powders) and hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxide (AKP powders) methods are evaluated by Temperature Programmed Desorption Mass Spectrometry (TPDMS). All AA powders show almost the same quantities of H2O and CO2 desorbed molecules. On the other hand, the different grades of AKP powders show different quantities of H2O and CO2 desorbed molecules. The AKP-3000 powder quantity of desorbed H2O molecules is similar to that of the AA powders. However, the AKP-3000 powder quantity of desorbed CO2 molecules is about seven times larger than that of the AA powders. The maximum of the CO2 desorption peak is the range 230-270°C for all powders. The desorbed CO2 peak is considered to evolve from the adsorbed CO2 molecules forming hydrogen carbonyl groups by interaction with AlIV-OH groups on the α-alumina surfaces. The amount of hydrogen carbonyl groups on surface of the AKP powders is larger than for the AA powders, indicating that on AKP powder surfaces the amount of AlIV-OH groups is larger. These results show that on the surface of commercial high purity alpha alumina powder a complex hydrated layer exists by interaction between surface hydroxyl groups and CO2 adsorbed molecules, unlike commonly accepted stable alpha alumina structure.
|
2022-02-10T16:25:43.882Z
|
19,126,487 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1117/12.2007980",
"MAG": "2034244497",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Quality assurance has been recognized as crucial for the success of population-based breast cancer screening programs using x-ray mammography. Quality guidelines and criteria have been defined in the US as well as the European Union in order to ensure the quality of breast cancer screening. Taplin et al. report that incorrect positioning of the breast is the major image quality issue in screening mammography. Consequently, guidelines and criteria for correct positioning and for the assessment of the positioning quality in mammograms play an important role in the quality standards. In this paper we present a system for the automatic evaluation of positioning quality in mammography according to the existing standardized criteria. This involves the automatic detection of anatomic landmarks in medio- lateral oblique (MLO) and cranio-caudal (CC) mammograms, namely the pectoral muscle, the mammilla and the infra-mammary fold. Furthermore, the detected landmarks are assessed with respect to their proper presentation in the image. Finally, the geometric relations between the detected landmarks are investigated to assess the positioning quality. This includes the evaluation whether the pectoral muscle is imaged down to the mammilla level, and whether the posterior nipple line diameter of the breast is consistent between the different views (MLO and CC) of the same breast. Results of the computerized assessment are compared to ground truth collected from two expert readers.
|
2022-09-08T02:19:53.784Z
|
90,842,200 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1071/ZO16057",
"MAG": "2591951742",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract. Australia has undergone significant climate change, both today and in the past. Koalas, due to their restricted diet of predominantly eucalyptus leaves and limited drinking behaviour may serve as model organisms for assessing past climate change via stable isotopes of tooth enamel. Here, we assess whether stable carbon and oxygen isotopes from tooth enamel record known climate variables, including proxies of relative aridity (e.g. mean annual precipitation, mean annual maximum temperature, and relative humidity). The results demonstrate significant negative relationships between oxygen isotope values and both relative humidity and mean annual precipitation, proxies for relative aridity. The best model for predicting enamel oxygen isotope values incorporates mean annual precipitation and modelled oxygen isotope values of local precipitation. These data and the absence of any relationship between modelled oxygen isotope precipitation values, independently, suggest that koalas do not track local precipitation values but instead record relative aridity. The lack of significant relationships between carbon isotopes and climate variables suggests that koalas may instead be tracking the density of forests and/or their location in the canopy. Collectively, these data suggest that koalas are model organisms for assessing relative aridity over time – much like kangaroos.
|
2022-09-07T23:40:31.579Z
|
252,616,132 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.22370/rhv2022iss19pp349-375",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://revistas.uv.cl/index.php/RHV/article/download/3224/3176"
}
|
Problematizar la producción del género -y específicamente de lo femenino en el contexto escolar- es particularmente complejo. De un tiempo a esta parte, han sido las propias estudiantes quiénes han señalado la disconformidad con un sistema educativo que persiste en implementar acciones tanto institucionales como cotidianas que plasman y producen diferencias sexistas de forma significativa. La escuela se ha transformado así en un espacio de disputa y territorio en conflicto, donde conviven nuevas perspectivas de niñas y jóvenes en relación a las exigencias de derechos, de hacer escuchar su voz y manifestación pública de disconformidad, en el contexto actual de movilizaciones que cuestionan el neoliberalismo imperante. A partir del marco y contexto anterior, se analizarán las etnografías realizadas en dos establecimientos educativos, durante 2014-2018. En ellas es posible identificar dos ejes argumentativos relevantes que dan cuenta de la producción de mujeres como sujetos de segunda categoría, acentuando el análisis en el cruce entre las formas de economización de la vida en clave neoliberal, y las implicancias de esto desde una perspectiva de género.
|
2022-09-30T17:02:09.439Z
|
41,721,558 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/SW/48.1.9",
"MAG": "2015227269",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Virtually no literature exists on the labor market for social workers. Fragmentary evidence suggests that this market is highly segmented by education; that many people who do not have social work degrees work in social work jobs, at least at the lower levels; that people who want to be social workers have such a strong commitment to the career of social work that relative wages make relatively little difference to their career decisions; and that employers often hire applicants without degrees for social work jobs. These factors tend to depress wages for social workers. Suggestions are made for a research and data collection program to make possible a definitive analysis of the social work labor market.
|
2022-10-22T16:06:10.402Z
|
88,723,243 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1158/2326-6066.IMM2016-A117",
"MAG": "2546422944",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Neutrophils are the first responder cells to sites of infection and tissue damage. Evidence from patient tumors and animal models of cancer also suggest that they are highly recruited to the tumor microenvironment, though their role there is still poorly understood. The larval zebrafish is an excellent model to study neutrophil migration and chemotaxis in vivo and is an emerging model for cancer development and progression. Here, we use the zebrafish to model Kras-driven oncogenesis in keratinocytes and glial cells. Beginning at 3 days post fertilization (dpf), we observe invasive EMT-like cell shape changes in oncogenic mutant Kras (KrasG12V) expressing cells as well as enhanced cell proliferation as marked by phospho-histone H3. Using fluorescently labeled transgenic lines, we demonstrate that neutrophils are recruited to transformed cells and that blocking this recruitment results in decreased proliferation of transformed cells, suggesting that neutrophils may play a tumor-promotional role in our model. To determine the method of neutrophil chemotaxis to transformed cells, we used Transcription Activator-like Effector Nuclease (TALEN) mutagenesis to generate zebrafish mutants for the chemokine receptor CXCR1, which is known regulate neutrophil chemotaxis. We demonstrate that CXCR1 is required for neutrophil chemotaxis to a tail-transection wound and to Kras-transformed cells in zebrafish. Together these data suggest that blocking CXCR1 activity may reduce neutrophilic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment which may in turn reduce tumor cell proliferation and slow tumor progression. Citation Format: Davalyn Powell, Qing Deng, Anna Huttenlocher. CXCR1 is required for neutrophil recruitment to wounds and Kras-transformed cells in zebrafish [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A117.
|
2022-12-11T00:40:55.148Z
|
13,299,843 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4103/0970-1591.174777",
"MAG": "2304207876",
"PubMedCentral": "4831503"
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.174777"
}
|
Introduction: Dysfunctional voiding results from a disturbance in the coordination between sphincter relaxation and detrusor contraction. Video urodynamic studies with electromyography (EMG) are used for diagnosis but have limitations of availability and interpretation. We identified a plateau type voiding detrusor pressure tracing pattern in these patients with a potential of helping diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Urodynamic data and tracings of adult patients having been diagnosed with external urethral sphincter dysfunction (EUSD) were retrospectively analyzed. The urodynamic studies comprised of pressure flow studies, micturitional urethral pressure profilometry, and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Diagnosis of EUSD was based on the presence of intermittent or continuous narrowing in the region of EUS on VCUG along with a urethral-vesical pressure gradient of >20 cmH 2 O in males and >5 cmH 2 O in females. Results: A total of 25 patients (14 men and 11 women) with a mean age 36.6 ± 16.5 years, presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (international prostate symptom score 18 ± 5) and were diagnosed with EUSD on urodynamics/cystourethrography. The cause of EUSD was neurogenic DESD in four, dysfunctional voiding in 20 and voluntary pelvic floor squeeze in one. Resting maximum urethral closure pressure at EUS was 142.2 ± 38.3 cmH 2 O in both sexes. Three patients had detrusor overactivity. EMG activity during voiding was high in 10 patients, low in three, inconclusive in seven, and not performed in three. A "plateau type pattern" of detrusor contraction was observed in all the patients. This was qualitatively different from the roughly bell-shaped curve of detrusor contraction in men with prostatic obstruction (n = 14) and women with stress urinary incontinence (n = 11). Conclusions: Patients with EUSD have a characteristic plateau pattern of detrusor contraction on urodynamics which can be used as a surrogate for urodynamic diagnosis of nonrelaxing EUSD.
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2022-12-14T10:10:37.429Z
|
23,535,637 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00224490701629522",
"MAG": "1968634420",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
As part of a larger survey study on young adult sexuality conducted over a 17-year period at a Midwest U.S. university, more than 6,000 college students completed questions on the sources of their sex education and the degree to which they have communicated about sex with various types of individuals. Participants reported receiving more sex education from peers and media than from parents (and mothers more than fathers). Respondents also reported communicating more about sex with peers than with parents or any other categories of individuals. Differences were found in the degree of sex education from various sources and in communication with various targets based on gender, ethnic background, and social class. Furthermore, changes were found over the 17-year period. More recent cohorts of students perceived that they received more sex education from media, peers, and professionals, and communicated more about sex with professionals, relative to earlier cohorts.
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2022-12-20T07:55:22.873Z
|