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255M
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121,309,966 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1086/307418",
"MAG": "2029521251",
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"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9911246v1.pdf"
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|
It is shown that in cosmological models based on a vacuum energy decaying as a-2, where a is the scale factor of the universe, the fate of the universe in regard to whether it will collapse in the future or expand forever is determined not by the curvature constant k but by an effective curvature constant keff. It is argued that a closed universe with k = 1 may expand forever, in other words, simulate the expansion dynamics of a flat or an open universe because of the possibility that keff = 0 or -1, respectively. Two such models, in one of which the vacuum does not interact with matter and in another of which it does, are studied. It is shown that the vacuum equation of state pvac = -ρvac may be realized in a decaying vacuum cosmology provided the vacuum interacts with matter. The optical depths for gravitational lensing as a function of the matter density and other parameters in the models are calculated at a source redshift of 2. The age of the universe is discussed and shown to be compatible with the new Hipparcos lower limit of 11 Gyr. The possibility that a time-varying vacuum energy may serve as dark matter is suggested.
|
2022-09-24T08:32:22.519Z
|
139,989,866 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1049/JOE.2018.8876",
"MAG": "2898563040",
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
To study the properties of vegetable oil transformer, the mineral and vegetable insulation oil two transformers with the same parameters are studied using the frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) method. The complex capacitance and the dielectric loss factor are tested by the insulation diagnostic equipment IDAX300, these parameters can reflect the insulation properties of the transformer. The experimental results show that properties of vegetable oil transformer are different to the mineral. The complex capacitance and the dielectric loss factor tanδ of vegetable oil transformer are higher than those of mineral oil transformer, and the moisture content in vegetable oil is higher than that in mineral oil. The test results are also emphatically analysed, which ultimately laid a theoretical foundation for large-scale operation of vegetable oil transformers.
|
2022-11-18T17:58:00.308Z
|
40,010,275 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1073/pnas.1212428109",
"MAG": "2016260948",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3523855?pdf=render"
}
|
Innate-like B-1a cells contribute significantly to circulating natural antibodies and mucosal immunity as well as to immunoregulation. Here we show that these classic functions of B-1a cells segregate between two unique subsets defined by expression of plasma cell alloantigen 1 (PC1), also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1). These subsets, designated B-1a.PC1lo and B-1a.PC1hi, differ significantly in IgH chain utilization. Adoptively transferred PC1lo cells secreted significantly more circulating natural IgM and intestinal IgA than PC1hi cells. In contrast, PC1hi cells produced more IL-10 than PC1lo cells when stimulated with LPS and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). PC1hi cells were also more efficient than PC1lo cells in regulating Th1 cell differentiation, even though both B-1a subsets were comparably active in stimulating T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, PC1lo cells generated antigen-specific IgM responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens, whereas PC1hi cells do not. We found that PC1lo cells develop from an early wave of B-1a progenitors in fetal life, whereas PC1hi cells are generated from a later wave after birth. We conclude that identification of B-1a.PC1lo and B-1a.PC1hi cells extends the concept of a layered immune system with important implications for developing effective vaccines and promoting the generation of immunoregulatory B cells.
|
2022-12-10T10:10:56.224Z
|
233,265,226 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.24834/isbn.9789178771608_11",
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"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://ojs.mau.se/index.php/caucasus/article/download/625/482"
}
|
Circassian toponymy is widely represented in the Krasnodar Territory. Basically, it has been preserved in medium and small geographical objects and is easy to translate. From the perspective of studying the history and culture of any nation, as well as preserving its memory associated with the geography of its ethnogenesis, local toponymy, preserved in the names of residential settlements, hydronyms, names of mountains, hills and tracts, is of great importance. Some toponyms are controversial today and cause distorted versions of the history of the region excluding the role of the indigenous population. As a rule, the local population mostly does not know about the Circassian origin of local toponymy. However, the Circassian (Adyghe) toponymy bears traces of the region’s ancient history right up to the Bronze Age and this is confirmed by archaeological material and its connection with local place names. In this article I consider the most famous examples of the Circassian toponymy of the region and their features.
|
2022-01-23T02:36:25.869Z
|
189,973,549 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.46827/EJSE.V0I0.2449",
"MAG": "2947266425",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This study examines the effectiveness of Computer – Assisted Instruction (CAI) on mathematical operations of addition and subtraction performance of students diagnosed with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder and their typical peers, in the context of an online Learning Management System. The mathematical operation performance of students was assessed right before, just after and after three months’ time in “paper and pencil” and CAI conditions in order to determine maintenance of intervention’s effects. Six ADHD students diagnosed by public centers of diagnosis and attending 1st to 3rd grades of elementary school took part in the study. They were facing minor to major difficulties in mathematical operations of addition and subtraction. Twelve typical students of the same age and with no mathematical difficulties also took part. The research method was an experimental 2 (groups) X 4 (conditions) nonequivalent-control group design was created as students were different by ADHD existence. Typical students had significantly better performance in mathematical operations prior, after and in CAI implementation compared to the ADHD students with major problems. Their performance was actually in the same levels with students with ADHD with minor difficulties. Examination of within ADHD subjects revealed significant differences when CAI implemented. CAI found to be an effective instructional strategy on mathematical operations’ performance either of students with ADHD or non-disabled in a “working at home” educational setting. Although all students had gains from CAI implementation, a “Mathew” effect was revealed, as typical and ADHD students with minor difficulties had better performance gains which were maintained more after treatment and a follow up examination after three months. Article visualizations:
|
2022-02-08T09:38:04.443Z
|
233,900,659 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/cta.2977",
"MAG": "3131855660",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A multicolor light‐emitting diode (LED) module comprises LED chips of more than one type or color and is frequently used for spectrally tunable lighting applications. In this paper, electrical models of such multicolor LED modules are formulated taking two basic circuit configurations into account, namely, (i) conventional, where a parallel string is made of one particular LED type, and (ii) nonconventional, where a parallel string is composed of different LED types. For deriving the model equations, the basic exponential model of a single LED chip has been applied, which is experimentally found to be the suitable option out of the four existing models, namely, linear, parabolic, exponential, and modified Shockley models. The formulated models are experimentally validated, results of which show maximum deviations of 4.71% and 4.19% from the measured data in the nonlinear and the linear operating regions, respectively. The formulated models are utilized to design dimmable, isolated LED drivers for red‐green‐blue (R‐G‐B) LED module. Performance evaluation of the drivers is conducted in Matlab‐Simulink. The results reveal the satisfactory operation of the LED modules in terms of current and power regulation, branch current matching, and fast response and thus establish the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
|
2022-03-29T04:31:47.816Z
|
245,689,492 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.33965/is2021_202103l010",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://www.iadisportal.org/components/com_booklibrary/ebooks/202103L010.pdf"
}
|
Information Systems and Technology (IST) have been a great support in meeting business challenges, providing organizational agents with information to better perform their tasks. However, IST also requires attention to ensure that they continue to be valuable to all areas of the enterprise. In order to help organizations get value from IST several management models have emerged. IT-CMF is a comprehensive reference to guide the evolution in 36 different areas of the organization, in terms of its relationship with IST. The adoption of IT-CMF requires managers to decide on the areas to be enhanced, in order to make better use of organizational resources to add value to the organization's business, and to find the best path for improvement of IST. To assist managers in this process, this study presents a network analysis of IT-CMF, by the use of graphs as a means to clarify development paths, which include areas to prioritize for the use of resources, and that are aligned with the objectives of the organization.
|
2022-07-03T05:18:55.430Z
|
96,376,799 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/MRC.1260300718",
"MAG": "2022999828",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of some alkyl carboxylates of amino‐substituted dihydrobenzoxazepine thiones and dihydrobenzodiazepine thiones were recorded in CDCI3, and DMSO solutions, and the complete spectral assignments performed with 1D and 2D techniques. A solvent‐dependent tautomerization was established for the oxazepine derivatives, whereas the diazepines existed in the same tautomeric form in both solvents. The tautomeric structures are stabilized by strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Differences in the CH couplings are related to the stereochemistry of the tautomeric structures.
|
2022-08-26T04:55:04.711Z
|
37,884,227 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bjo.87.3.376-a",
"MAG": "2071436044",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://bjo.bmj.com/content/bjophthalmol/87/3/376.2.full.pdf"
}
|
Saito et al present a patient with Terson‘s syndrome and dense vitreous haemorrhage who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and was noted postoperatively to have developed an ophthalmic artery occlusion.1 They propose that the ophthalmic artery was occluded by the spontaneous release of an embolus from an …
|
2022-10-21T00:22:30.672Z
|
20,828,572 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/sti.25.4.202",
"MAG": "92831334",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://sti.bmj.com/content/sextrans/25/4/202.full.pdf"
}
|
An automatic pipette is a very useful equipment for any laboratory carrying out Kahn tests on a large number of sera. A number of devices were tried in a field laboratory which was functioning as a serological laboratory for the CeylonArmy Command during the years 1945 and 1946. A mechanical pipette which can easily be prepared with materials salvaged from a small workshop is described below. The writer does not claim any originality in describing this pipette, as it was made after one reported by Smith (1944). It was, however, found necessary completely to alter the design of the mechanical parts of the apparatus described by him, as it did not prove to be satisfactory in the writer's hand. The valve system used in this improved apparatus was similar to that described by Smith.
|
2022-12-10T09:50:07.783Z
|
161,125,374 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3917/INSO.186.0028",
"MAG": "1654646583",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Les Antilles francaises ont connu depuis un demi-siecle de profondes transformations qui ont considerablement modifie le statut socio-economique et les conditions de vie des femmes comme des hommes. Dans l’etat actuel des connaissances, le modele matrifocal antillais traditionnel de relations entre les sexes ne semble pas avoir subi d’aussi profondes mutations. Sans l’exclure, ce modele n’implique pas la presence reguliere dans le menage d’un homme dans le role de pere-epoux. Dans les recits de vie comme dans les enquetes statistiques, l’existence frequente de liaisons multiples, souvent simultanees pour les hommes et successives pour les femmes, apparait significativement associee a un taux eleve de violences conjugales.
|
2022-12-13T03:56:51.299Z
|
126,137,615 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1741-4326/aa5fd6",
"MAG": "2601333746",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/item/item_2418235_6/component/file_2424169/Bilato_Impact.pdf"
}
|
The recently proposed set of zeroth-order moment equations to model poloidal density asymmetries induced by temperature anisotropies in rotating tokamak plasmas (Bilato et al 2014 Nucl. Fusion 54 072003) is here extended to account for the effects of the localization of the ion-cyclotron (IC) resonance on the poloidal inhomogeneity of the density of the cyclotron-heated ion species. This additional effect has a significant impact on the poloidal density asymmetries due to radio-frequency heating, a key issue for high-Z impurity transport, leading, in particular, to a reduced ICRF heating impact on the in–out accumulation of high-Z impurities when the IC resonance is located on the HFS.
|
2022-12-11T06:19:18.684Z
|
24,200,843 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1118/1.4813956",
"MAG": "2018009176",
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"url": null
}
|
PURPOSE
To determine if the presence of rectal balloons improves the accuracy of prostate and rectum auto-contouring on kV cone-beam CTs (CBCTs).
METHODS
Seven patients undergoing five fraction prostate SBRT were selected. Rectal balloons were placed and consistently inflated at simulation and treatment to increase organ stability and reproducibility. All five pre-treatment CBCTs were contoured using ABAS (Elekta) which deformably registers the plan CT or previous CBCTs to the current CBCT and then morphs their contours according to this deformation field. Six patients undergoing 40 fraction prostate IMRT without rectal balloons were also chosen. Nine fractions each were contoured similarly with ABAS. All scans were manually contoured by a physician and Dice Coefficient (DC) calculated between the physician and auto-contours as our measure of accuracy.
RESULTS
Average accuracy of auto-to physician rectal contours significantly improved with rectal balloons from DC of 0.85 to 0.91 (P<0.0001). The prostate contour accuracy also improved from DC 0.84 to 0.88 (P=0.0016). Balloons reduced variability between the plan and treatment image, allowing the registration to successfully recover the deformation and morph the contours. Bladder filling is the overriding factor in its auto-contouring, so its accuracy is not affected by the rectal balloon, DC 0.91 with, 0.92 without. Prostate auto-contouring was more accurate than the intra-observer agreement DC of 0.83, and consistent with the bladder agreement of 0.92. The rectal balloon significantly boosted intra-observer agreement from 0.85 to 0.97 (P<0.001). This is higher than auto-contouring accuracy, indicating it could be further improved. Visually the tissue air boundary is clear but CBCTs have a scan dependent, ∼5 mm border of rapidly rising intensity that currently confounds the deformation. Auto-contours are produced in ∼20 seconds.
CONCLUSION
The use of rectal balloons significantly improves the accuracy of prostate and rectum auto-contours on daily CBCTs, enabling online adaptive therapy. A research version of ABAS was provided by Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
|
2022-02-12T18:49:45.221Z
|
121,833,317 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.44.1044",
"MAG": "2049779324",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The Pauli principle is introduced into the theory of the optical potential in a consistent manner. This is facilitated by an appropriate choice of off-shell extension for the two-fragment transition operators. Dynamical equations for the optical potential are derived and low-order approximations are discussed.
|
2022-09-14T16:45:23.268Z
|
152,345,731 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5860/choice.36-5800",
"MAG": "643753352",
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},
"license": null,
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|
* Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1. Politics and Paradigms: The Origins of Malthusian Theory * 2. Ireland: The "Promised Land" of Malthusian Theory? * 3. Malthusian Transformations: From Eugenics to Environmentalism * 4. Malthusianism, Demography and the Cold War * 5. The Life and Death of Land Reform * 6. False Premises, False Promises: Malthusianism and the Green Revolution * 7. The Technology of Non-Revolutionary Change and the Demise of Peasant Agriculture * Conclusion - Malthusianism after the Cold War: The Struggle Continues * References * Index
|
2022-12-14T18:06:59.721Z
|
23,212,014 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0504",
"MAG": "1966871096",
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"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3711087?pdf=render"
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|
An Institute of Medicine report has called for registered nurses to achieve higher levels of education, but health care policy makers and others have limited evidence to support a substantial increase in the number of nurses with baccalaureate degrees. Using Pennsylvania nurse survey and patient discharge data from 1999 and 2006, we found that a ten-point increase in the percentage of nurses holding a baccalaureate degree in nursing within a hospital was associated with an average reduction of 2.12 deaths for every 1,000 patients--and for a subset of patients with complications, an average reduction of 7.47 deaths per 1,000 patients. We estimate that if all 134 hospitals in our study had increased the percentage of their nurses with baccalaureates by ten points during our study's time period, some 500 deaths among general, orthopedic, and vascular surgery patients might have been prevented. The findings provide support for efforts to increase the production and employment of baccalaureate nurses.
|
2022-12-21T15:38:33.095Z
|
169,035,161 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/0167482X.2019.1599857",
"MAG": "2947125611",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Purpose: This study investigated women’s perceived causes for orgasmic difficulty during partnered sex and their relation to orgasmic pleasure. Method: From a community sample of 1843 women, we investigated 814 women’s attributions for their orgasmic difficulty during partnered sex. Frequencies of 18 attributions were generated and subsequently reduced to eight principal variables through dimension reduction. Women with and without distress were compared across these eight principal variables. These variables, along with relevant covariates, were then used to predict orgasmic pleasure through regression analysis. Results: The most frequently endorsed reasons for orgasmic difficulty were, in descending order, general stress/anxiety, arousal difficulty, sex-specific anxiety and issues with the partner. Women reporting high distress were more likely to cite partner issues and less likely to report general stress/anxiety as reasons for their difficulty. Regression analysis, however, indicated that the reasons most frequently endorsed by women were not necessarily those accounting for the greater variance in orgasmic pleasure, such reasons including inhibition/lack of interest, insufficient experience and partner-related issues. Difficulty reaching orgasm during masturbation as well as relationship satisfaction also explained differences in orgasmic pleasure. Conclusion: Women cite various reasons for orgasmic difficulty, most commonly general anxiety/stress, inadequate arousal, sex-specific stress and partner issues. Women who were distressed by their condition more frequently cited partner issues. Variance in orgasmic pleasure was most related to partner issues, sexual inhibition/lack of interest and insufficient experience. Overall, partner issues and relationship satisfaction played important roles in attributions for both orgasmic difficulty and orgasmic pleasure.
|
2022-12-25T23:04:13.017Z
|
7,288,622 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1128/aem.61.9.3195-3201.1995",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc167597?pdf=render"
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|
The effects of methanol addition and consumption on chloroform degradation rate and product distribution in methanogenic methanol enrichment cultures and in cultures of Methanosarcina barkeri 227 were investigated. Degradation of chloroform with initial concentrations up to 27.3 microM in enrichment cultures and 4.8 microM in pure cultures was stimulated by the addition of methanol. However, methanol consumption was inhibited by as little as 2.5 microM chloroform in enrichment cultures and 0.8 microM chloroform in pure cultures, suggesting that the presence of methanol, not its exact concentration or consumption rate, was the most significant variable affecting chloroform degradation rate. Methanol addition also significantly increased the number of moles of dichloromethane produced per mole of chloroform consumed. In enrichment cultures, the number of moles of dichloromethane produced per mole of chloroform consumed ranged from 0.7 (methanol consumption essentially uninhibited) to 0.35 (methanol consumption significantly inhibited) to less than 0.2 (methanol not added to the culture). In pure cultures, the number of moles of dichloromethane produced per mole of chloroform consumed was 0.47 when methanol was added and 0.24 when no methanol was added. Studies with [14C]chloroform in both enrichment and pure cultures confirmed that methanol metabolism stimulated dichloromethane production compared with CO2 production. The results indicate that while the addition of methanol significantly stimulated chloroform degradation in both methanogenic methanol enrichment cultures and cultures of M. barkeri 227, the prospects for use of methanol as a growth substrate for anaerobic chloroform-degrading systems may be limited unless the increased production of undesirable chloroform degradation products and the inhibition of methanol consumption can be mitigated.
|
2022-12-27T16:35:15.896Z
|
15,076,296 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/s0029665106005155",
"MAG": "3021241831",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/21B12C561F78235DEF44DF851DAB93CB/S0029665106005155a.pdf/div-class-title-symposium-on-nutrition-and-health-in-children-and-adolescents-session-4-obesity-prevention-in-children-and-adolescents-the-effect-of-physical-activity-on-body-fatness-in-children-and-adolescents-div.pdf"
}
|
With the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, there is an urgent need to identify risk factors that are amenable to preventative action. However, there is a remarkable lack of consistency between studies that have investigated the relationships between measurements of physical activity and energy expenditure and body fatness in children. This disparity could be because energy intake is a more important determinant in preventing obesity. Alternatively, some of the conflicting results could be related to methodological limitations in assessing activity and body composition. Erroneous conclusions may be drawn if physical activity energy expenditure is not adjusted for differences in body composition, or body fat is not appropriately adjusted for body size. For public health purposes it may be more informative to evaluate the amount and intensity of physical activity required to prevent fat-mass gain than to assess energy expended in physical activity. The lack of consensus in the cut-off points applied to define intensity levels is severely hindering comparisons between studies using accelerometers that have examined relationships between activity intensity and body fatness. Thus, it is not currently possible to develop a firm evidence base on which to establish physical activity recommendations until the limitations are addressed and more prospective studies undertaken. In order to turn research into effective prevention strategies a clearer understanding of the psycho-social, behavioural and environmental factors that influence activity is needed, including the interactions between physical activity and other behaviours such as time spent sedentary, sleeping and eating.
|
2022-09-13T23:38:39.233Z
|
96,221,746 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1080/02786828808959173",
"MAG": "2011479962",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
The relaxation time for the establishment of steady state for the attachment of Rn daughters to aerosol particles is numerically studied within the framework of Fuchs' limiting sphere method. Our result shows that this relaxation time is not long, and that the difference between transient solutions of attachment coefficient that have been attained before aerosol particles move significantly and the steady solutions is undistinguishable. The steady solutions based on Fuchs' theory are good enough for practical use
|
2022-12-30T00:13:21.077Z
|
86,527,500 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/0471203076.EMM0866",
"MAG": "2105933456",
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"url": null
}
|
Although most mature, postthymic T-cell proliferations and leukemias contain chromosomal inversions or translocations at 14q32.1 (see TCL1 in LYMPHOID NEOPLASIA), a small number of tumors also demonstrate recurrent translocations at Xq28. These Xq28 translocations result from rearrangements with distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) gene loci at 14q11 and 7q35 and lead to aberrant expression of the MTCP1 (mature T cell proliferation-1) gene (1–7). MTCP1 was originally identified from rearrangements detected in a benign clonal T-cell proliferation in a patient with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and from an adult with T prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL; 1). In AT patients, clonal premalignant T-cell proliferations with 14q32.1 or Xq28 rearrangements may persist for years before the emergence of leukemia, indicating that these rearrangements are early transforming events that require additional genetic alterations to progress to malignancy. The normal physiologic functions of Mtcp1 proteins, of which there are two due to alternate splicing, and their tumor-promoting mechanisms with aberrant expression are not known.
|
2022-02-10T22:20:38.791Z
|
108,519,867 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.496-500.760",
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
As the power source of warship, diesel engine determines the dynamic performance of the whole warship. In this paper, a simulation model of MAN B&W7S80MC low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine, used by certain warship, is developed. Simulation analysis is carried out based on LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim. The simulation results show that the model has good accuracy and dynamic characteristics, thus the model can simulate for control design, performance analysis and simulation of the power source of warship.
|
2022-02-10T07:02:08.747Z
|
203,373,247 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.28945/4350",
"MAG": "2972321984",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://Proceedings.InformingScience.org/InSITE2019/InSITE19p233-237Yeshua5458.pdf"
}
|
Aim/Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the structure of the bone tissue by using texture analysis of the bone trabeculae, as visualized in a routine radiograph of the proximal femur . This could provide objective information regarding both the mineral content and the spatial structure of bone tissue. Therefore, machine-learning tools were applied to explore the use of texture analysis for obtaining information on the bone strength.
Background: One in three women in the world develops osteoporosis, which weakens the bones, causes atraumatic fractures and lowers the quality of life. The damage to the bones can be minimized by early diagnosis of the disease and preventive treatment, including appropriate nutrition, bone-building exercise and medications. Osteoporosis is currently diagnosed primarily by DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), which measures the bone mineral density alone. However, bone strength is determined not only by its mineral density but also by the spatial structure of bone trabeculae. In order to obtain valuable information regarding the bone strength, the mineral content and the spatial structure of the bone tissue should be objectively assessed.
Methodology: The study includes 17 radiographs of in-vitro femurs without soft tissue and 44 routine proximal femur radiographs (15 subjects with osteoporotic fractures and 29 without a fracture). The critical force required to fracture the in-vitro femurs was measured and the bones were divided into two groups: 11 solid bones with critical fracture force higher than 4.9kN and 6 fragile bones with critical fracture force lower than 4.9kN. All the radiographs included an aluminum step-wedge for calibrating the gray-levels values (See Figure 3). An algorithm was developed to automatically adjust the gray levels in order to yield equal brightness and contrast.
Findings: The algorithm characterized the in-vitro bones with as fragile or solid with an accuracy of 88%. For the radiographs of the patients, the algorithm characterized the bones as osteoporotic or non-osteoporotic with an accuracy of 86%. The most prominent features for estimating the bone strength were the mean gray-level, which is related to bone density, and the smoothness, uniformity and entropy, which are related to the spatial distribution of the bone trabeculae.
Impact on Society: Analysis of bone tissue structure, using machine-learning tools will provide a significant information on the bone strength, for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. The structure analysis can be performed on routine radiographs of the proximal femur, with high accuracy.
Future Research: The algorithm for automatic structure analysis of bone tissue as visualized on a routine femoral radiograph should be further trained on a larger dataset of routine radiographs in order to improve the accuracy of assessing the bone strength.
|
2022-09-12T12:03:11.825Z
|
120,870,908 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1080/10407790.2012.654699",
"MAG": "2046918311",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Compact finite-difference formulations on nonuniform grids are developed by matching Taylor series of various orders. The accuracies of those formulations are analyzed by the Fourier error method. A new compact finite-difference formulation based on the projection method is established on the staggered grid, and it is used to calculate two typical natural-convection problems. The results indicate that the new compact finite-difference method has higher-order accuracy than traditional methods. For Rayleigh-Benard convection with an aspect ratio of 8, it can predict three different types of static bifurcation at Ra = 5,000 with different initial conditions.
|
2022-09-30T17:10:51.079Z
|
207,722,663 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.156976",
"MAG": "2161358815",
"PubMedCentral": null
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Patients with resistant hypertension are at increased risk for cardiovascular events. The addition of new treatments to existing therapies will help achieve blood pressure (BP) goals in more resistant hypertension patients. In the current trial, 849 patients with resistant hypertension receiving ≥3 antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic, at optimized doses were randomized to the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist darusentan, placebo, or the central &agr;-2 agonist guanfacine. The coprimary end points of the study were changes from baseline to week 14 in trough, sitting systolic BP, and diastolic BP measured in the clinic. Decreases from baseline to week 14 in systolic BP for darusentan (−15±14 mm Hg) were greater than for guanfacine (−12±13 mm Hg; P<0.05) but not greater than placebo (−14±14 mm Hg). Darusentan, however, reduced mean 24-hour systolic BP (−9±12 mm Hg) more than placebo (−2±12 mm Hg) or guanfacine (−4±12 mm Hg) after 14 weeks of treatment (P<0.001 for each comparison). The most frequent adverse event associated with darusentan was fluid retention/edema at 28% versus 12% in each of the other groups. More patients withdrew because of adverse events on darusentan as compared with placebo or guanfacine. We conclude that darusentan provided greater reduction in systolic BP in resistant hypertension patients as assessed by ambulatory BP monitoring, in spite of not meeting its coprimary end points. The results of this trial highlight the importance of ambulatory BP monitoring in the design of hypertension clinical studies.
|
2022-12-29T17:28:50.113Z
|
78,725,330 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1017/S0022215116006794",
"MAG": "2591045505",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Introduction: A case report of Keratosis Obturans in a 32 year female patient. The condition is often misdiagnosed and requires careful history taking and clinical examination to diagnose and rule out the disease. It should be differentiated from external auditory canal cholesteatoma, presence of osteonecrosis and focal overlying epithelial loss are the most reliable features favouring the diagnosis of external ear canal cholesteatoma over keratosis obturans
|
2022-02-11T04:30:47.072Z
|
13,041,751 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1095/BIOLREPROD23.2.331",
"MAG": "2171617460",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A yellow, dialyzable, hydrophilic chromophore is present in the uterine lumen of pigs on Day 8 of the estrous cycle. Microbiological assays, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, uv-visible spectra, and infrared spectra all provide evidence that the yellow substance is riboflavin. The quantity of riboflavin in the uterine secretions was measured by the microbiological assay to be 100.3 ± 16.7 pgof riboflavin per uterine flushing.
|
2022-09-14T00:52:02.516Z
|
53,511,349 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1094/PHYTO-71-181",
"MAG": "2025054111",
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},
"license": null,
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"url": null
}
|
Nazareno, N. R. X., and Roelfs, A. P. 1981. Adult plant resistance of Thatcher wheat to stem rust. Phytopathology 71:181-185. No relationship was found between the independent Sr genes for seedling might be related to this Sr gene combination. The adult plant resistance of resistance and the adult plant resistance of Thatcher wheat, as measured by Thatcher was sensitive to inoculum density. Although this character had rust severity. Pyramids of seedling resistance genes Sr5, Srl2, Srl6, and been selected successfully under heavy inoculum density at the end of the SrTc did not improve resistance to stem rust. The performance of some season, the resistance was most apparent at stage 24 (early milk). Under progeny lines with both Srl 2 and SrTc was similar to Thatcher's, and this light inoculum density, however, the greatest difference existed in the suggests that the factor(s) involved in the adult plant resistance of Thatcher terminal disease severities. Additional key words: Puccinia graminis, race-specific resistance. Stem rust of wheat caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici, susceptible in the field to prevalent U.S. stem rust races, whereas can be an important disease wherever wheat (Triticum sp.) is grown Thatcher has been rated from moderately resistant to moderately extensively. The wheat cultivar Thatcher was released in 1934, after susceptible under the same conditions. more than 25 yr of breeding for resistance to stem rust, desirable Relationship between seedling and adult plant resistance of agronomic type, and milling and baking qualities (4). Thatcher Thatcher. The presence of resistance genes was postulated (7) by resulted from crosses between Marquis/ Kanred, hard red spring inoculation with four races of stem rust. The races were chosen on and winter wheats, respectively, and Marquis/ lumillo, a red durum the basis of avirulence or virulence on lines possessing the stem rust (4). Thatcher inherited the milling and baking qualities of Marquis, seedling resistance genes of Thatcher (Table 1). Seven-day-old seedling stem rust resistance from Kanred and Iumillo, and the seedlings of the progenies, the parents (Thatcher [CI 10003], adult plant resistance from lumillo. Currently, Thatcher is Prelude CI 4323, and Baart CI 1697), and of the "single' gene important in the spring wheat breeding program because it has lines ISr5-Ra (CI 14159), 743642ASr9g, ISrl6-Ra (CI 14173), and adult plant resistance. Although the genetics of seedling resistance Line R (Srl2) or BtSrl2Tc (CI 17783) were inoculated of Thatcher was generally understood, the genetics of its adult plant independently and evaluated for infection type (16) 10-14 days resistance was not. after inoculation. The lack of a race avirlent on Sr9g made the The value of adult plant resistance in protecting wheat cultivars detection of this gene in the progenies impossible. Purity of races against stem rust has been pointed out by Stakman and Christensen was verified by using a set of "single" gene differential lines, and (22). They stated that breeding for resistance against individual standard inoculation techniques (16). The term "single" gene line is races of a pathogen would continue, but every effort should be used to refer to a host line that has only the designated gene pair for made to combine all characters in a single cultivar that conferred resistance to the wheat stem rust fungus population that occurred some degree of generalized resistance against the pathogen. naturally in the United States Great Plains during the past 20 yr. Brennan (1) stated that a breeding program should develop rust After inoculation, seedlings were placed in a dew chamber (18 C, resistant cultivars with resistance conditioned by several genes, and darkness, and 100% relative humidity) for approximately 16 hr. since race-specific and race-nonspecific resistance exist in wheat, The chamber was then illuminated (10,000 lux) for 3 hr, the both should be used. temperature was gradually increased to 30 C, and the dew dried The objectives ofthis study were to determine: the relationship, if slowly. Seedlings were then transferred to a greenhouse any, between race-specific seedling resistance genes and adult plant (approximately 18 C) supplemented with 11,000 lux light when resistance, and the effect of inoculum density (17) on the adult plant daylength was less than 12 hr. response. The Prelude/Thatcher sib-lines were planted side-by-side, in MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was divided into two parts: the first, an investigation of TABLE 1. Infection types produced on "single" gene lines for the seedling tresistance of Thatcher with the resistance genes known to occur in Thatcher, and on Thatcher, Prelude, and relationship of the adult plant rBaart wheats when inoculated with certain races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. race-specific seedling resistance genes Sr5, Sr9g, Srl2, Srl6, or tritici SrTc, known in Thatcher; and the second, a field evaluation of the sensitivity of Thatcher resistance to inoculum density. Both studies Infection type produced on "single" Sr gene line or cultivar were performed in F 6-Fs single-seed-derived generations of Races 5 9g 12 16 Tca Thatcher Prelude Baart Baart/Thatcher (91 sib-lines), and Prelude/Thatcher (95 sib-lines) HJC 0-0; 4 4 4 23C-X 0 4 4 crosses, and on the parents. Baart and Prelude have been MBC 4 4 0-0;4 4 23C-X 0-0;1 4 4 RBC 4 4 4 2-2+ 23C-X 0;1-2 4 4 This article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely TDM 4 4 4 4 23C-X 23C-X 4 4 reprinted with customary crediting of the source. The American Phytopathological Society, 1981. a Ineffective at >23 C, in seedling tests. Vol. 71, No. 2, 1981 181 duplicate field nurseries, at St. Paul and Rosemount in 1978. Each genotypes for seedling resistance. These 15 lines and the three sib-line occurred once per location in a 1.0 m row, 0.3 m apart. There parents (9) comprised the 1979 experiment. When possible, lines were eight replicates of Prelude, and two each of the "single" gene were chosen that were similar in maturity. The experimental design lines, PdSr5Tc, 743642ASr9g, ISrl6-Ra, and BtSrl2Tc, among the in 1979 was the generalized randomized block with two randomly progeny lines. Thatcher was used to separate the replicates and test assigned replicates of treatments within each of three blocks. The lines; there were 24 replicates of Thatcher per location. The two reps/block element was introduced to calculate the block Baart/Thatcher sib-lines were planted similarly, but the Prelude X treatment interaction in the analysis of variance (24). Each was replaced by Baart, and the "single" gene line for Sr5 by replicate was a 1.5-m row, 0.6 m apart from the next row. A 1.5-m BtSr5Tc. At Rosemount, a row of Baart was planted perpendicular row of oats (cultivar Stout, CI 9195) was planted between the rows to and 0.3 m from, the upwind end of both progenies to provide a to reduce block X treatment interaction. more uniform inoculum source. Each block (18 treatments X two replicates) was planted in two Disease severity was assessed at 4to 7-day intervals, beginning parallel ranges separated by a 0.5-m alley. The long axis of blocks before uredia appeared in the plots and continuing to crop was planted perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, to maturity. Severity ratings were based on the modified Cobb Scale reduce inoculum movement among blocks. Seven 3.5-m rows of (14). Disease prevalence was 100% except at the beginning of the Stout oats, 0.3 m apart, separated the blocks. At both locations, a season when uredia per row were counted. The Romig growth stage susceptible wheat spreader row (Baart) was planted upwind, 0.5 m scale (2) was used to record plant development. Data were analyzed from the blocks. Stem rust was assessed at 4-day intervals from the by regression and means were compared according to the t test (23). initial infection to crop maturity. Analysis of variance and a test of Effect of inoculum density on the adult plant resistance of hypothesis of the data were done (23,24). Thatcher. The 1978 experiment was the same as previously Inoculum concentration was estimated through the 1979 season described. The east central Minnesota locations were at St. Paul by cumulative spore counts at both locations. Uredospores were (heavy inoculum density) and Rosemount (light inoculum density). collected from wind-oriented rod impaction traps (15,17) located in The heavy inoculum density was obtained when winter wheat stem rust resistant blocks, approximately 5.0 m from the nurseries were inoculated weekly (starting at about stage 10) with a experiment. Traps were changed daily at St. Paul and each fourth mixture of representative U.S. stem rust races. Airborne spores day at Rosemount. produced on susceptible lines in those nurseries were the source of The planting date at Rosemount was early in the recommended inoculum in both years at St. Paul. Initial infection at Rosemount period for the region; at St. Paul it was near the end of the period so resulted from naturally occurring airborne inoculum, and primary that the potential for inoculum buildup was enhanced. Each stem infections appeared I wk or more later than at St. Paul. rust race identified from collections made in both years and Lines selected in 1978 represented the range of severities and locations was virulent on Sr5, Sr9g, Srl2, and Srl6. NO I I I I I NOJ BN I I I10 I I I --Thatcher AThatcher Thatcher ePdSr5Tc ePdSr5Tc "Prelude 75*-743642A Sr g 15*-743642A Sr g 75&Baart o-BtSrl2Tc o-BtSrl2Tc
|
2022-12-19T16:32:45.119Z
|
218,483,169 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1145/3313831.3376805",
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|
This paper addresses how facilitation can implicate what, whose and how perspectives and values become embedded in the results from participatory design activities. Inspired by Donald Schön's reflection-on-action theory, an analysis of our facilitator performances in three design activities involving health care stakeholder groups with asymmetric relations has been performed. The analysis highlights the often subtle and unforeseen ways by which facilitator actions influence who "has a say". The results emphasize how continuous introspective analyses and reflections may improve the facilitator's attentiveness to actions that may inadvertently impede the disfavored party. In the long-term, neglect may threaten the integrity of participatory design as a democratic and empowering design approach. The shift towards a practice-perspective on facilitation goes beyond the efforts of the individual practitioner. The cultivation of the reflective facilitator, a concern of relevance for the Human?Computer Interaction and Participatory Design community as a whole, is considered.
|
2022-12-30T18:44:57.940Z
|
229,410,243 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1093/oso/9780197540336.003.0007",
"MAG": "3107813174",
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"license": null,
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"url": null
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|
Having taken the time to identify several discursive regularities and recurring motifs in martial arts imagery, Chapter 6 moves further into ‘delineating a discursive constellation’. This chapter combines a deeper theorization of the discursive entity of martial arts as a floating signifier with a study of martial arts in the British national press and a discussion of the cacophony of images of martial arts in recent media history. In further clarifying the shifting and variable status of martial arts in anglophone contexts, the chapter reflects on its similarities and differences in terms of a consideration of the range of terms used for Chinese martial arts. It argues that all of these reflect different cultural and political interests, and turns to reflect on what it terms the narrative arc of appropriation in martial arts. The chapter closes on a discussion of martial arts and issues in gender and feminism, before returning to the fragmented and fragmentary character of encounters with and representations of martial arts.
|
2022-01-27T02:21:48.593Z
|
236,869,666 |
{
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"DOI": "10.31381/TRADICION.V0I20.3517",
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|
In the last three decades, the quality assurance processes of universities have become very important in Peru. Huge bureaucratic organizations have been created such as the National Accreditation System (2006) and the Superintendence of Universities (2014), for which great amounts of the national treasury are destined. In 1996, a legislative decree introduced the for-profit university, a type of capitalist business organization ratified in the 2014 law. Two serious problems have arisen from the introduction of profit as a motivation for the foundation of universities: a) the regime of government is shifting from the university community to those who own the property; b) the selection of careers offered is governed not by the need to develop science, technology and humanities, but by the professions that the market demands. What kind of quality does this policy want to ensure? Can the concept of universality of knowledge coexist with the profit model of the university? And what will be the fate of humanities careers that are alien to the idea of the market?
|
2022-01-28T02:26:39.555Z
|
131,755,266 |
{
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"DOI": "10.7767/zrgra.1933.53.1.608",
"MAG": "2323425138",
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|
Im klassischen wie auch im späteren römischen Recht hat es einen Begriff oder einen Grundsatz, der auf ein Akzessorietätsprinzip bei den verschiedenen Bürgschaftsstipulationen hingewiesen hätte, nicht gegeben. Von dieser These geht der Verfasser aus (S. 5f.))), um im ersten Teil der Arbeit (S. 10—64) den Inhalt der Verpflichtungserklärung der sponsio (fidepromissio)) und fideiussio zu untersuchen, im zweiten Teil sodann (S. 64—121) das Problem zu erörtern), inwieweit es nach klassischem Recht ein Akzessorietätsprinzip gegeben hat, inwieweit also die Verpflichtung des Bürgen von der Hauptverbindlichkeit abhängig gewesen sei.
|
2022-02-09T13:45:11.934Z
|
168,708,745 |
{
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"DOI": "10.6007/IJAREMS/V5-I4/2424",
"MAG": "2587193046",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
The issue of security and stability of real properties’ legal situation is a political, economic, and social matter in most countries, including Iran. Disputes in this area along with its unpredictable verdicts are among the most complicated matters in each legal system. That is why the legislature is always expected to pass suitable and effective laws, in order to assure stability and security of the owners and transferees of real property rights. This requires the legislation and judicial system of each country to know the expected functions from land registration system as well as legal basics of registration regulations and managing land information. Otherwise, the security and stability of real properties’ legal situation will not be ensured which will directly influence both the market of real property transactions and the economic growth. The paper attempts to explain the legal position of the fundamental theory of land registration system, so called public confidence theory, as well as its position in Iranian land registration system. This answers the question whether deeds and real property registration system in Iran is compatible with above mentioned theory, which provides the expected functions of the registration and manages accuracy of information contained in the system. In doing so, it examines the historical and theoretical basics of land registration system, showing –in turn—that in order to ensure legal stability and security in land transactions two basic functions are expected from land administration system: firstly it should provide tools to present valid and indefeasible information (information administration) and, secondly it has to International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences 2016, Vol. 5, No. 4
|
2022-02-08T18:12:28.579Z
|
57,570,300 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1162/leon.2008.41.5.506",
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|
The human environment consists of objects and temporal relations arranged so as to manipulate our attention, learning, preferences and behavior. Our physical environments and organizational institutions create constraints on and guarantees of the future behaviors of ourselves and others [1,2]. It is crucial not just to document or subvert these institutions but also to create the ones that we imagine and need. Here I describe my approach to this challenge. Constraints on behavior are an outcome of social and embodied manipulation of our attention and learning. The mating display of a male bird has evolved to attract the attention of the female, elicit her approach and, through a series of coordinated ritualized actions, to bring both to simultaneous states of arousal [3,4]. In an ad hoc manner, we create similar relations of anticipation and coordination between ourselves and other people and things [5]. Consistent behavioral feedback helps others to anticipate our reactions and can lead to happier coexistence [6]. To achieve the self-control required for consistency, we rely on environments and organizational institutions to guarantee and constrain our interactions. Physical objects, both natural and cultural, communicate their function to us by taking advantage of our psychology—for example, our attentional biases and learning [7]. Rather than reacting haphazardly to the industrial products and ephemeral activities of others, I practice the construction of environments. Although some conceptual or “open systems” art appears solipsistic [8], it also provides a precedent. Beuys’s 1974 work I Like America and America Likes Me, for example, involved symbolic yet ambiguous interstarlings; that is, a behavioral constraint was brought about by inducing the observer starling to focus attention on the tutor (see Fig. 1). The design of the arena and equipment was critical to guaranteeing the starlings’ preferences and behaviors. Light from lamps enticed the starlings in and out of the arena and focused their attention. A sloping roof inhibited fl ight, allowing feeding behavior. As the operator, I too effectively became a part of the “machine.” The apparatus acted as a prosthesis [13], but it was not simply an extension of my capacities. It was also a constraint on possible/permissible behaviors. If I became impatient, the starlings became nervous. When moving parts stuck, if I forgot what to do, or if a starling escaped, the motivational and behavioral balance of our interaction faltered. This interactive construction was both a microcosm and a metaphor for other institutions. While I can get “results” from my interactions with starlings, a rich and provocative aspect of this humanmachine-animal system is how the process of the artwork helps us to rethink nature and our transformations of it. actions between Beuys and a coyote living together in a gallery in New York [9,10]. Today, the alteration of natural habitats and urbanization of species causes confl ict [11], while geographers have called for a “re-animation” of our conceptualization of human environments [12]. In response to these ideas, I designed an environment to constrain the attention, actions and preferences not only of myself but of another species as well. Using found objects, including a cage, anglepoise lamps, a puppet theater, a collapsed chair on wheels, a garbage bag and picnic-ware, I constructed an arena for starlings (held under a license from English Nature). Starlings are gregarious birds inhabiting farms and cities and thus already participating in our modifi ed environments. In this arena, an observer starling watched a trained tutor starling eat mealworms from one of two bowls or eggcups. After the tutor left the arena, the observer starling entered and could choose between the two bowls of mealworms. Fourteen starlings experienced one such session each, and a preference for eating from the demonstrated bowl was seen in the majority of observer AR TS C IE N C E: T H E ES S EN TI AL C O N N EC TI O N
|
2022-09-13T05:33:48.810Z
|
137,116,603 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1177/0954406213509612",
"MAG": "2076180562",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
The past few decades have witnessed significant advancements in turning processes, cutting tools and coolant/lubricant chemistry. These developments have enhanced the machining capabilities of hard materials when machining at higher cutting conditions. Turning, being characterized by the development of high temperatures at the cutting zone, is critical with respect to the tool life and surface finish apart from other machining results like the forces generated. This phenomenon of heat generation at the cutting zone plays a negative role during turning operations due to their peculiar characteristics such as poor thermal conductivity, high strength at elevated temperature, resistance to wear and chemical degradation. Cutting fluids and solid lubricants are generally used to overcome the problem of heat generation at the cutting zone. The use of cutting fluids in the conventional way may not effectively control the heat generated in turning operation. Moreover, cutting fluids are a major source of pollution. With the advancement in technology, nano-level particulate solid lubricants are being used nowadays in machining operations, especially grinding and turning. The present work deals with the investigation of using nano-level particulate graphite powder as a solid lubricant and various tests were conducted by machining AISI 1040 steel using tungsten carbide inserts. The experiments were conducted by taking into account the parameters like feed rate ranging from 0.05 mm/rev to 0.125 mm/rev, cutting speed ranging from 51 m/min to 192.6 m/min and depth of cut from 0.25 mm to 1 mm. Four levels of each parameter are considered for experimentation. The results indicate that with the decrease in the nano-sized graphite powder, there is an increase of cutting forces – feed force, cutting force and thrust force. The temperatures at the tool–chip interface also increases with the decrease in the lubricant size. It is found that the surface roughness of the workpiece after machining deteriorated due to the size of the lubricant particle.
|
2022-11-28T17:57:14.479Z
|
45,479,086 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1097/TP.0b013e318203fd26",
"MAG": "2333121623",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies, especially those that fix complement, are associated with antibody-mediated rejection and graft failure. The C1q assay on single antigen beads detects a subset of HLA antibodies that can fix complement and precede C4d deposition. The aim of this study was to determine whether C1q-fixing antibodies distinguish de novo donor-specific antibodies (DSA) that are clinically relevant and harmful. Methods. We retrospectively studied 31 of 274 kidney transplant recipients who had pretransplant and concurrent biopsy and serum specimens, 13 with C4d-positive and 18 with C4d-negative staining. We measured IgG and C1q DSA pretransplant and at the time of biopsy using single antigen bead assays. We identified 13 recipients who developed de novo DSA by IgG or C1q and examined associations with C4d deposition, transplant glomerulopathy, and graft failure. Results. Testing for DSA by IgG is more sensitive for C4d deposition (IgG: 100%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–1; C1q: 75%, 95% CI 0.36–0.96). Testing for DSA by C1q is more specific for transplant glomerulopathy (C1q: 81%, 95% CI 0.57–0.94; IgG: 67%, 95% CI 0.43–0.85) and graft loss (C1q: 79%, 95% CI 0.54–0.93; IgG: 63%, 95% CI 0.39–0.83). Absence of de novo DSA by IgG and C1q has a high negative predictive value for the absence of C4d deposition (IgG: 100%, 95% CI 0.73–1; C1q: 88%, 95% CI 0.62–0.98), transplant glomerulopathy (IgG: 100%, 95% CI 0.73–1; C1q: 100%, 95% CI 0.77–1), and graft failure (IgG: 86%, 95% CI 0.56–0.97; C1q: 88%, 95% CI 0.62–0.98). Conclusion. Monitoring patients with the C1q assay, which detects antibodies that fix complement, offers a minimally invasive means of identifying patients at risk for transplant glomerulopathy and graft loss.
|
2022-12-19T13:11:53.524Z
|
235,960,290 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/acsami.1c09963",
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"license": null,
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"url": null
}
|
Vibration sensors are essential for signal acquisition, motion measuring, and structural health evaluations in civil and industrial applications. However, the mechanical brittleness and complicated installation process of micro-electromechanical system vibration sensors block their applications in wearable devices and human-machine interaction. The development of flexible vibration sensors satisfying the requirements of good flexibility, high sensitivity, and the ability to attach conformably on curved critical components is highly demanded but still remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a highly sensitive and fully flexible vibration sensor with a channel-crack-designed suspended sensing membrane for high dynamic vibration and acceleration monitoring. The flexible sensor is designed as a suspended vibration membrane structure by bonding a channel-crack-sensing membrane on a cavity substrate, of which the suspended sensing membrane can freely vibrate out of plane under external vibration. By inducing the cracks to be generated in the embedded multiwalled carbon nanotube channels and fully cracked across the conducting routes, the suspended vibration membrane shows high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and robust sensing stability. The resultant vibration sensor demonstrates an ultrawide frequency vibration response range from 0.1 to 20,000 Hz and exhibits the ability to respond to acceleration vibration with a broad response of 0.24-100 m/s2. The high sensitivity, wide bandwidth, and fully flexible format of the vibration sensor enable it to be directly attached on human bodies and curvilinear surfaces to conduct in situ vibration sensing, which was demonstrated by motion detection, voice identification, and the vibration monitoring of mechanical equipment.
|
2022-12-29T19:56:01.143Z
|
36,364,293 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/14034948020300040701",
"MAG": "2084978530",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/14034948020300040701"
}
|
In February 1999 the Swedish Government decided to appoint a commission, later called the Welfare Commission (Kommitte n VaE lfaE rdsbokslut), to draw up a balance sheet for welfare in the 1990s. The purpose, as de ned by the terms of reference of the commission (1), was to describe changes in the state of welfare of the nation, and to identify important gaps in knowledge regarding the welfare of individuals and the functions of social policy programmes. The background to the appointment of the commission was the deep economic recession during the rst years of the 1990s that caused the worst unemployment gures since the 1930s, which contributed to a rapidly increasing de cit in the state budget. To restore the balance of public nances, a large number of cutbacks were made in virtually all social policy programmes. Although this development was well known, there was a lack of systematic and coherent knowledge on the consequences for the welfare of individuals and families of the economic and welfare state crises.
|
2022-09-15T03:02:22.051Z
|
141,618,546 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3233/DEV-2012-11089",
"MAG": "330072932",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Reaction times are still rarely reported in developmental psychology although they are an indicator of the neural maturity of children’s information processing system. Competence and capacity are confounded in development, where children may be able to reason, or remember, but are unable to cope with information processing load. Furthermore, there are social implications in ignoring the speed factor. Slow and apparently delayed reactions from infants and children often try the patience of parents and teachers alike, and can be interpreted as non-compliance already before the child gets the chance to respond. Furthermore, individual differences in reaction times in young children are high, with standard deviations that may prevent significance of differences between task conditions. This inaugural article argues that reaction time research with children nevertheless can be done and raises the methodological problems involved. An example is presented that shows that challenges to capacity reveal true mental effort in a memory task when delay is controlled down to milliseconds rather than just in terms of the number of delay items.
|
2022-10-23T16:40:47.244Z
|
2,086,955 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ICASSP.2014.6853706",
"MAG": "2063167901",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Conventional SAR generates 2D image using combination of range compression and 1D aperture synthesis. The range resolution of such approach is determined by the signal spectrum width, while cross-range resolution is defined by the synthetic aperture length. 2D aperture synthesis implies movement of antenna along 2D aperture and cross-range compression technique in both dimensions to obtain resolution along two angular coordinates. In combination with pulse compression it gives 3D resolution. We suggest using MIMO principle in combination with SAR approach to generate 3D coherent radar images. For that, two linear synthetic apertures used - one for transmit antenna and another for receive one. Spatial scanning with those antennas is performed in the way which provides data similar to the ones obtained from 2D scanner. The paper describes the approach and presents results of its experimental test using Ka-band noise waveform ground based SAR.
|
2022-10-03T16:48:38.157Z
|
253,660,549 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1079/cabicompendium.113677",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.113677"
}
|
This datasheet on Cryptophagus schmidti covers Identity, Distribution, Biology & Ecology, Further Information.
|
2022-11-25T01:01:01.506Z
|
21,734,631 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3354/MEPS267291",
"MAG": "2026503817",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Grey seals Halichoerus grypus were sampled in the Faroe Islands archipelago during the summers of 1993 to 1995. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Se and Zn were measured in the liver, kidney and muscle of 68 seals. All elements except Zn exhibited lowest concentrations in the muscle. The liver contained the highest concentrations of Cu, Hg, Se and Zn, while the kidney contained the highest Cd concentrations. However, trace element concentrations within the tissues were influenced by sex and age. Thus, females had clearly higher Cd concentrations than males. Age was the most important factor influencing the concentration of Cd, Hg and Se in the liver, and of Cd and Hg in the kidney. A strong positive correlation between Cd, Hg and Zn in the kidney suggests the presence of a detoxification process involving metallothionein proteins. Similarly, a strong positive correlation between Hg and Se and a molecular Hg:Se ratio close to 1 in the liver suggests a demethylation pro- cess leading to the formation of mercuric selenide granules. High Hg concentrations could be related to fish consumption by the grey seal, but a piscivorous diet could not be responsible for the very high Cd concentrations. This suggests that the seals' diet changes during the year, and may include a sig- nificant proportion of cephalopods in seasons other than summer. Finally very high Cd concentra- tions in grey seal tissues compared to other grey seal populations also suggest that the Faroe Islands are subject to sub-arctic influences.
|
2022-12-16T15:50:13.462Z
|
220,387,454 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00224499.2020.1777927",
"MAG": "3041170985",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00224499.2020.1777927?needAccess=true"
}
|
ABSTRACT As research on sexual aggression has been growing, methodological issues in assessing prevalence rates have received increased attention. Building on work by Abbey and colleagues about effects of question format, participants in this study (1,253; 621 female; 632 male) were randomly assigned to one of two versions of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). In Version 1, the coercive tactic (use/threat of physical force, exploitation of the inability to resist, verbal pressure) was presented first, and sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted and completed sexual intercourse, other sexual acts) were presented as subsequent questions. In Version 2, sexual acts were presented first, and coercive tactics as subsequent questions. No version effects emerged for overall perpetration rates reported by men and women. The overall victimization rate across all items was significantly higher in the tactic-first than in the sexual-act-first conditions for women, but not for men. Classifying participants by their most severe experience of sexual victimization showed that fewer women were in the nonvictim category and more men were in the nonconsensual sexual contact category when the coercive tactic was presented first. Sexual experience background did not moderate the findings. The implications for the measurement of self-reported sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are discussed.
|
2022-12-19T05:15:01.036Z
|
240,428,153 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ice/itmc52061.2021.9570238",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
COVID19 pandemic has increased the use and importance of virtual collaborations and virtual co-creation as part of new product development has increased with this trend. Co-creation has been shown to improve companies innovation processes and virtual co-creation has tremendous opportunities to increase value creation opportunities. However, we still have scant knowledge on the benefits and challenges of virtual co-creation in B2B environment and hence, this paper reports a case study on transforming traditional linear, internal NPD process into virtual co-creation process. We explicate the benefits and challenges arising in this process both to the focal firm and its stakeholders as well.
|
2022-01-27T04:36:40.649Z
|
158,206,700 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7816/ulakbilge-06-28-12",
"MAG": "2898200227",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.7816/ulakbilge-06-28-12"
}
|
During the First World War, the Ottoman Empire was governed by the Party of Union and Progress. The Committee of Union and Progress had a high level of activity, especially in Macedonia, as a secret society before the power came. An important part of the community was made up of officers fighting against the commanders engaged in separatist activities in the Balkans. The formation of the Committee of Union and Progress and bringing power to the Committee of Union and Progress is developments in the Balkans. The Union and Progress took power and then carried out gang activities in the Balkans during the Balkan War. The most concrete example of this is the establishment of a state in Western Thrace. At the beginning of the First World War, the Union and Progress government first tried to get Bulgaria into the war. After Bulgaria entered the war the Ottoman State made some attempts to gain a regional advantage against Serbia and Greece. In this study, the attempts of the Ottoman State against Bulgaria in the Balkans will be examined.
|
2022-02-08T23:53:22.345Z
|
234,611,036 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.19184/SEMIOTIKA.V21I2.16719",
"MAG": "3135214970",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This research discusses the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) education system's reflection in the novel entitled Negeri 5 Menara. The research method used is qualitative in the sociology of literature approach. It is used to cover up the author's social context, literature as a reflection of society, and literature's social function. The study results in the author's social context show that author creativity is motivated by the author's experience and social construction of the author's ideology. In literature as a reflection of society, it described some similarities are found between Pondok Madani and Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor (PMDG) in implementing a modern education system. It shows that the novel is a representation of social conditions. Modernity in the education system at the pesantren includes jasus [spy], the strict of time discipline, discipline in dress, mudhaharah (speech in three languages), memorization of Arabic vocabulary, use of foreign languages (Arabic and English), a system of admission with selection, and extracurricular activities. In the social function of literature, there are several responses from readers in assessing the novel Negeri 5 Menara's benefits. The author's contribution in giving a message to readers is focused on the function of socio-educationalism.
|
2022-04-15T01:18:27.909Z
|
10,729,256 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ISCC-C.2013.65",
"MAG": "2001619278",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Seat belt detection is one of the important detecting functions and is widely needed in the field of intelligent transportation system. However, research for which is still limited in terms of the increasing requirements at present. In this paper, one algorithm for detecting vehicle seat belts on road is proposed. And according to the method discussed in this paper, a type of feature based on gradient orientation is employed to describe and detect seat belts. After the image pre-processing, the front window location and the human face detecting, this feature is finally extracted in the selected region and the conclusion is given by counting the seat belt feature in the area which close to the right side of the detected human face area. Another approach is also designed in case that the human face detection fails. Tests on high-definition vehicle images show that the proposed algorithm is capable of extracting belt-feature under difference circumstances and is also effective to tell whether the driver has fastened its seat belt.
|
2022-09-06T00:38:08.641Z
|
21,510,609 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/00004728-198306000-00009",
"MAG": "2052391918",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Five cases are presented in which appendiceal abscesses were demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) and confirmed at surgery. In another, a feces-filled cecum led to a false positive diagnosis of appendiceal abscess, and this is included as an instructive case. Three of the patients were elderly, with an atypical presentation; in these, CT was especially important in clarifying the diagnosis by including appendiceal abscess in the differential diagnosis of pelvic pathology.
|
2022-09-08T15:30:51.883Z
|
39,892,482 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2345/0899-8205-49.6.423",
"MAG": "2182313993",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Frank E. Block Jr., MD, is a research professor in the Departments of Physics and Astronomy and a Faculty Fellow of the Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education at Vanderbilt University, and Research Professor of Anesthesiology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. He also is a part-time professor of Anesthesiology at Georgia Regents University. E-mail: frankjr@ blockzoo.com False alarms are all too common in medical monitoring. Although caregivers commonly blame the monitor manufacturer, many problems can be prevented by careful and knowledgeable placement of the appropriate sensors. Certainly, improved front-end monitor design and improved algorithms for artifact rejection and signal processing will be helpful; however, caregivers can take measures to obtain a cleaner and improved input signal. Many caregivers have never been properly instructed in the correct way to apply monitoring sensors. Part of the blame may lie with the healthcare facility and part with the manufacturers, who have failed to inform users on how to get an optimal signal. In this article, we have drawn on our own experience and that of others to compile these suggestions.
|
2022-10-28T00:05:44.720Z
|
254,368,683 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ASDAM55965.2022.9966764",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper deals with identifying electrically active defects and determining their fundamental parameters in InAlGaN/GaN HEMT structures by Deep Level Transient Fourier Spectroscopy (DLTFS) with optical excitation. Parameters of 5 electron-like defects and three hole-like defects were confirmed by DLTFS method. Parameters of 9 hole-like defects common to both structures were identified by DLTFS-O. Two hole-like defects were confirmed by both methods: DLTFS and DLTFS-O methods. The probable origin of electron-like defects could be nitrogen vacancies, defect clusters along screw- and mixed-type dislocations, the presence of surface states or emissions from the interface. The probable origin of hole-like defects could be the presence of surface states or defects in barriers. The benefits of different method utilization were confirmed by experimental results.
|
2022-12-16T06:44:06.453Z
|
85,375,410 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0104:RORGBU]2.0.CO;2",
"MAG": "2084524523",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract We investigated how size and spatial arrangement of landscape-level habitat types influenced home range size of ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) in Virginia. Grouse home ranges were overlaid onto a GIS database derived from Landsat TM imagery (30-m pixel scale) and landscape metrics were calculated for 22 habitat types. We used multiple regression to relate home range size to landscape metrics. The amount of core area within the habitat patches in a bird's home range, number of different habitat types, mean shape index of the habitat patches (all positive relations), and amount of high contrast edge (negative relation) predicted home range size (Radj2 = 0.617, P < 0.01). Our results suggested that landscapes containing small (0.5–5 ha), regularly shaped (e.g., square) patches with high interspersion of preferred habitat types and an extensive amount of high contrast edge will decrease ruffed grouse home range size and movement. Such landscapes may contain ruffed grouse habitat requirements within smaller areas, thereby reducing travel costs, decreasing exposure to predators and increasing survival.
|
2022-12-17T16:11:02.199Z
|
255,297,311 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.26803/ijhss.14.1.4",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://ijhss.net/index.php/ijhss/article/download/752/236"
}
|
The advent of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic brought about enormous changes in the life and activities of the people globally; the education sector was no exception. To cope with the drastic change brought about COVID-19, the government mandated vaccinations to protect the population and contain the severe contamination of the virus. This study evaluated the general knowledge, attitude, and perception of Grade 12 senior high school (SHS) students of the Philippine Engineering and Agro-Industrial College, Inc. (PEACI) regarding COVID-19 vaccinations using survey research. An adapted questionnaire from similar research was used as the survey questionnaire of this study involving eighty-three (83) Meranaw grade 12 SHS students enrolled in PEACI school in year 2020-2021. Statistical analyses were done using descriptive statistics only in accordance with the statement of the problems investigated. Findings revealed that some are still skeptical about COVID-19 vaccines, while approximately 20% agree with the contention that COVID 19 is not a disease. This implies that the Meranaw grade 12 SHS students do not have enough knowledge about COVID-19 virus and they tend to ignore the danger brought about by COVID-19. Since that they did not believe that COVID-19 is a disease, it is recommended that the government, particularly the health sector as well the education sector, must conduct health education seminars and orientation about COVID-19 virus in the schools to inform the students of the extent of the dangers brought about by COVID-19 virus. They need to become aware of the health protocols prescribed by the COVID-19 task force and the department of health and follow these. Becoming knowledgeable about the dangerous effects of COVID-19 will hopefully persuade them to be vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine.
|
2022-12-31T17:59:44.068Z
|
73,409,566 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.17843/RPMESP.1999.161-2.733",
"MAG": "2114981128",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Durante los meses de agosto 1997 a febrero 1998, se realizo un muestreo sistematizado a 410 gestantes que acudieron a su control al Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima, con la finalidad de realizar un estudio de prevalencia de infeccion por Neisseria gonorrhoeae y Chlamydia trachomatis. Las muestras consistieron en hisopados de la region endocervical, que fueron procesados para la busqueda del Neisseria gonorrhoeae, mediante cultivo en agar Thayer Martin modificado, y deteccion de Chlamydia trachomatis, mediante las tecnicas de ELISA de captura de antigeno, inmunofluorescencia directa y cultivo celular. No se hallo Neisseria gonorrhoeae en las gestantes estudiadas, pero se encontro Chlamydia trachomatis en un 34,8%, siendo mas frecuente en las edades comprendidas entre 33-37 anos. Ademas, se observo que 80,5% de las gestantes infectadas por Chlamydia no presentaron molestias en la region genital, lo que indica que la poblacion infectada por dicha bacteria puede pasar inadvertida por mucho tiempo, antes de ser diagnosticada, que por lo regular ocurre cuando la infeccion alcanza cierta complicacion o cuando el recien nacido tiene problemas a nivel de las vias respiratorias o presenta tracoma.
|
2022-02-11T09:03:17.139Z
|
28,256,560 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1259/0007-1285-56-666-432",
"MAG": "2006268060",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The interest in hyperthermia induced by radiofrequency (Le Veen et al, 1976), ultrasonics (Erikson et al, 1974) and microwaves (Cheung et al, 1981) as a treatment for cancer has resulted in numerous techniques for heat administration (Christensen & Durney, 1981). Among the problems faced by research workers and engineers are: reduction of surface temperature (Christensen & Durney, 1981); accurate localisation of heat at desired depths with homogeneous temperature elevation of given tumour (Bowman, 1981); and undesired heating at fat muscle interface (Sugaar & Le Veen, 1979). The therapeutic range is narrow. Above 45°C, heat damages normal and neoplastic cells. Between 37 and 40°C, heat enhances cell growth, possibly enhancing tumour growth (Samaras et al, 1981). In connection with RF heating, DMSO was reported to be effective in changing the electrical property of the skin resulting in reduction of heat deposition at the surface with more effective deposition below it (Turco & Canada, 1969).
|
2022-02-12T14:30:42.482Z
|
230,487,339 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/jocd.13932",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) reflects a dynamic process from primary injury and cutaneous inflammation to subsequent melanogenesis and hyperpigmentation, of which pathogenesis remains unclear, hindering the development of targeted therapies.
|
2022-01-27T19:37:15.314Z
|
127,750,524 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4324/9780203033029-10",
"MAG": "49640284",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This book chapter examines the role and participation of rural women in tree-growing activities in the Kiambu district of Kenya. This case study illustrates the participatory strategies and institutional framework needed to support local management of the local habitat in reducing soil erosion and deforestation. The women engage in long work days and hard labor and without formal training are able to use traditional knowledge and learn from experience how to manage their local environment. The study affirms that womens values and behavior are a product of adaptations to changing environmental conditions structural constraints in social relationships and an institutional context. The study relies on interviews with five different womens groups in the Kiambu District. Information was obtained on the type of tree species preferred the social organizations engaged in tree growing the links between motivation and participation and community and work strategies. Community participation is enhanced by the concept of "harambee" which means "pulling together." These groups are useful to development planners particularly forestry management planners. The example of the Green Belt Movement (GBM) in Kenya illustrates the strengths and weaknesses common to groups involved in community tree growing and indigenous-based conservation. The GBM was started in 1977 by the National Council of Women to establish greenbelt communities of women engaged in tree planting. By 1982 239 greenbelts were established. The National Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources wanted to increase nurseries from 2.6 million to 5 million seedlings by 1992. The Kiambu experience and evidence suggests that large-scale tree planting programs can be successful when managed by village councils cooperatives and community groups.
|
2022-08-28T09:45:59.850Z
|
233,944,676 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3390/MET11020348",
"MAG": "3130726463",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Research on failure mechanism is essential for the prolonging of gun barrel lifetime. To explore the gun barrel failure mechanism, the damage characteristics of a machine gun barrel were characterized. The results show that the failure of the gun barrel is correlated with the peeling of the Cr layer on the bore surface and the softening of the bore matrix. The damage of the Cr layer varies along the axial direction. From the gun tail to the muzzle, the damage mode of the Cr layer changes from peeling to wearing. The damage rate in both the tail and the muzzle is higher than that in the middle of the barrel. The matrix close to the bore surface is softened due to the high temperatures caused by stress–relief–annealing and shooting. The gun tail suffers from higher temperatures, thus being softened more seriously than the other parts. The softened matrix results in an increase in the tendency of plastic deformation of the bore surface and an increment in the bore diameter, which leads to a decrease in the firing accuracy.
|
2022-09-15T19:35:25.908Z
|
146,185,922 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0271121410377120",
"MAG": "2156431692",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Spoken parent—educator interactions through language interpreters for parents who do not speak English can challenge early intervention/early childhood special education professionals. Research suggests that language interpretation is often inadequate to ensure that the parental participation, informed parental consent, and interpretation mandates of IDEA (P.L. 108-446) Parts B and C are met. Examples from several contexts are presented to illustrate communication disconnects between early educators and parents. Subsequently, a discussion of quality language interpretation in early intervention/ early childhood special education is presented followed by program and policy recommendations.
|
2022-12-13T20:19:28.871Z
|
209,335,854 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ICITEED.2019.8929991",
"MAG": "2994838142",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Perovskite is an active material that can generate electrons when exposed to rays that are currently widely investigated in the development of perovskite solar cells. Perovskite solar cells become the fastest of increasing efficiency compared with other solar cell materials. In the perovskite solar cells development, cost efficiency becomes a challenge for commercialization and mass production. The use of silver (Ag) or gold (Au) as the counter electrode (CE) of perovskite solar cells increases the cost production highly. In addition to very expensive material prices, high-energy consumption is needed to evaporate silver and gold onto the FTO glass which makes the manufacturing process expensive. Carbon material has been a great candidate to replace silver or gold as the CE of perovskite solar cells. The electrical properties of carbon materials closely resemble the electrical properties of gold which makes carbon more advantageous compared with silver or gold. Activated carbon made from burnt coconut shells is one type of carbon using low-cost materials which is easy to get considering that Indonesia has a beach overgrown by palm trees. In this research, we will use activated carbon made from burning coconut shells as the CE of perovskite solar cells. The data shows a comparison between pure activated carbon and activated carbon mixed with paraffin oil. The result concludes that activated carbon mixed with paraffin oil shows the best performance with VOC of 0.7 V, of 2.25 mA, and FF of 0.371.
|
2022-12-17T23:45:01.118Z
|
18,363,897 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0046561",
"MAG": "2065130324",
"PubMedCentral": "3462173"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0046561&type=printable"
}
|
Study Objective The neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) has been identified as a predictor of bacteremia in medical emergencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of the NLCR in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods and Results Consecutive adult patients were prospectively studied. Pneumonia severity (CURB-65 score), clinical characteristics, complications and outcomes were related to the NLCR and compared with C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil count, white blood cell (WBC) count. The study cohort consisted of 395 patients diagnosed with CAP. The mean age of the patients was 63.4±16.0 years. 87.6% (346/395) of the patients required hospital admission, 7.8% (31/395) patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 5.8% (23/395) patients of the study cohort died. The NLCR was increased in all patients, predicted adverse medical outcome and consistently increased as the CURB-65 score advanced. NLCR levels (mean ± SD) were significantly higher in non-survivors (23.3±16.8) than in survivors (13.0±11.4). The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for NLCR predicting mortality showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.701. This was better than the AUC for the neutrophil count, WBC count, lymphocyte count and CRP level (0.681, 0.672, 0.630 and 0.565, respectively). Conclusion Admission NLCR at the emergency department predicts severity and outcome of CAP with a higher prognostic accuracy as compared with traditional infection markers.
|
2022-12-30T01:07:46.999Z
|
203,095,644 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4018/978-1-5225-9936-4.ch006",
"MAG": "2972923302",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The positive effects of the festivals are composed of five factors: social image and entertainment opportunities, infrastructure and urban development, local promotion, economic development, and socio-cultural changes. The negative effects of the festival consisted of four factors: traffic problems, environmental risks and social conflict, security risks, and economic costs. As a result of the testing of research hypotheses, it has been determined that two factors (social image and entertainment opportunity, economic development) which are among the positive effects of the festival have a positive effect on the support of the local people to the development of tourism. Among the negative effects of the festival, environmental risk and social conflicts and traffic problems factors have been found to have a negative effect on the support of the local people to the development of tourism.
|
2022-01-27T16:23:06.314Z
|
220,633,059 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "2007.08917",
"DOI": "10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.23",
"MAG": "3082869212",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A vector addition system with states (VASS) consists of a finite set of states and counters. A transition changes the current state to the next state, and every counter is either incremented, or decremented, or left unchanged. A state and value for each counter is a configuration; and a computation is an infinite sequence of configurations with transitions between successive configurations. A probabilistic VASS consists of a VASS along with a probability distribution over the transitions for each state. Qualitative properties such as state and configuration reachability have been widely studied for VASS. In this work we consider multi-dimensional long-run average objectives for VASS and probabilistic VASS. For a counter, the cost of a configuration is the value of the counter; and the long-run average value of a computation for the counter is the long-run average of the costs of the configurations in the computation. The multi-dimensional long-run average problem given a VASS and a threshold value for each counter, asks whether there is a computation such that for each counter the long-run average value for the counter does not exceed the respective threshold. For probabilistic VASS, instead of the existence of a computation, we consider whether the expected long-run average value for each counter does not exceed the respective threshold. Our main results are as follows: we show that the multi-dimensional long-run average problem (a) is NP-complete for integer-valued VASS; (b) is undecidable for natural-valued VASS (i.e., nonnegative counters); and (c) can be solved in polynomial time for probabilistic integer-valued VASS, and probabilistic natural-valued VASS when all computations are non-terminating.
|
2022-01-27T08:57:33.931Z
|
225,114,047 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21608/jmh.2020.45496.1084",
"MAG": "3093356470",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a hazardous pregnancy condition, if untreated can result in serious complications to the mother and the fetus.Aim of work: Investigating the histological changes of human placenta in PE and the involvement of natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages in its pathogenesis.Subjects and Methods: Forty pregnant women were included; 20 were normal clinically and considered the control (group I) and the other 20 were included in PE (group II). Blood samples were taken just before delivery to assess serum interleukins (IL)-10 and -12 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Placental sections were stained with H&E, Mallory's trichrome and immunohistochemically with Bcl-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD56 and CD68. Then morphometric and statistical studies were done.Results: Group II (PE) showed significantly decreased IL-10 and significantly increased IL-12 and TGF-β1 compared to group I. It also presented different histological alterations in placental sections mainly in the chorionic plates and villi. There was significant increase in area percent of collagen fibers and VEGF, and in the number of syncytial knots, CD56 positive decidual NK cells and CD68 positive decidual macrophages. But there was significant decrease in the area percent of Bcl-2 immunoexpression.Conclusion: Preeclampsia is associated with marked inflammatory and immune responses, and decidual NK cells and macrophages are highly imperative cells in its pathogenesis
|
2022-02-08T00:16:20.046Z
|
170,736,530 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0034412500023878",
"MAG": "1999004518",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The Christian mysteries, which consist of such doctrines as the Incarnation and the Trinity, pose a problem for anyone who seeks to reconcile the tenets of Christianity with reason. As Leibniz puts it, the mysteries are incomprehensible, improbable, and against appearances. Why should a reasonable individual believe in such mysteries? By answering this question, one responds to the objection that Christianity requires individuals to embrace patent nonsense. Leibniz maintains that the mysteries, although incomprehensible, can be explained sufficiently to justify belief in them. But how can the mysteries be both incomprehensible and explicable? In this paper, I will develop a Leibnizian account of why belief in the mysteries is justified.
|
2022-09-10T13:25:36.809Z
|
38,116,647 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/sat.754",
"MAG": "2038698051",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Bandwidth‐on‐Demand (BoD) mechanisms are used by most next generation satellite systems to efficiently share a limited radio spectrum among a large number of users. BoD design needs to consider a range of engineering issues: the anticipated number of users, interactions with other subsystems, and the contradictory design goals of optimising system utilization and delay/capacity offered to the network traffic. A BoD system may provide a range of quality of service classes to support different user classes and allow optimisation of allocation efficiency. Each class may have different delay and delay variation characteristics. The performance achieved by a TCP flow using such a BoD satellite network is highly dependent on the delay and the variation of the delay experienced by TCP. This paper describes the BoD mechanisms, and their expected impact on TCP behaviour. This discussion is supplemented by simulation results using an implementation of TCP combined with a model of some simple satellite BoD access schemes to characterize the performance and efficiency of BoD algorithms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
2022-09-15T09:14:01.884Z
|
213,180,459 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2174/1389203721666200318161330",
"MAG": "3011388847",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Protein histidine methylation is rarely studied posttranslational modification in eukaryotes. Although the presence of N-methylhistidine residue in actin has been demonstrated in early 1960s, only a very limited number of methylhistidine-containing proteins including S100A9, myosin, myosin kinase and ribosomal protein RPL3 have been reported to date. The role of histidine methylation in protein function and in cell physiology also remain largely uncharted mostly due to a shortage of studies focusing on these issues. Recently, however, molecular identities of first two distinct histidine-specific protein methyltransferases have been established in yeast (Hpm1) and in metazoan (actin-histidine N-methyltransferase), giving new insights into the phenomenon of protein methylation at histidine sites. As a result, we are now beginning to recognize protein histidine methylation as an important regulatory mechanism of protein function whose loss may have deleterious consequences on both cells and organisms. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the chemical, enzymological and physiological aspects of protein histidine methylation.
|
2022-12-01T16:10:48.500Z
|
22,936,527 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1001/ARCHFACI.6.2.105",
"MAG": "2165745212",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Preservation of the middle nasal vault has increasingly become a topic of interest and concern in rhinoplasty. Modification of the nasal dorsum with traditional techniques may create unfavorable cosmetic results and adverse functional sequelae due to collapse of the middle nasal vault. Nasal dorsal reduction invariably involves separating the upper lateral cartilage (ULC) attachments from the dorsal septum. A number of procedures are used to reestablish the width of the middle nasal vault and competence of the internal nasal valve. Spreader grafts are the most frequently used technique. Although these grafts reliably preserve the middle vault, dorsal irregularities may result. Alternative techniques, such as suture suspension of the ULCs to dorsal onlay grafts or direct suturing of the ULCs to the septum, may pose similar problems. We have found that a modification of the Skoog technique for dorsal hump reduction preserves both a favorable aesthetic contour of the middle nasal vault and proper function of the internal valve. This procedure involves removal of the osseocartilaginous dorsum en bloc. The nasal dorsum is further reduced; the removed portion of nasal dorsum is sculpted and then replaced anatomically. Once a favorable position is found for the native dorsal graft, the upper lateral cartilages are resuspended to the graft with suture fixation. The dorsal segment thus acts as a dorsal onlay spreader graft, reestablishing a natural dorsal contour and preserving the middle nasal vault. We can avoid osteotomies in patients with an appropriate preoperative width of their bony base while correcting the open roof with the replaced dorsal segment.
|
2022-12-13T15:46:54.054Z
|
25,320,810 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3748/WJG.V12.I8.1278",
"MAG": "1590896317",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
AIM
To assess the efficacy of intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
METHODS
We included in our cohort eight patients with (moderate/severe) steroid refractory IBD (4 with ulcerative colitis and 4 with Crohn's disease). They all received 6 cycles of intravenous cyclophosphamide (800 mg) per month.
RESULTS
Patients entered into remission after the second/third cyclophosphamide pulse. Disease activity decreased. There were no side effects and toxicity. All the patients went into long lasting remission. All Crohn's disease patients and 3 of 4 ulcerative colitis patients achieved complete remission. One patient with ulcerative colitis showed an impressive clinical response but did not enter into remission. For the maintenance, patients with Crohn's disease were treated with methotrexate (15 mg/wk) and patients with ulcerative colitis were treated with azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg body weight/d).
CONCLUSION
Remission was maintained in all patients for 6 mo on the average. The drug was well tolerated. These findings suggest that aggressive immunosuppressive therapy may be useful in some refractory patients and further controlled study should be considered in order to fully evaluate this type of treatment as a potential therapy for IBD.
|
2022-12-17T09:01:17.349Z
|
86,607,381 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/EJOC.200600449",
"MAG": "2091834294",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Adhesion to the glycosylated surface of eukaryotic cells, mediated by lectins for example, plays an important role in inflammation and other cellular processes of living organisms. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the adhesion to cell surfaces and their biological consequences, the investigation of the molecular interactions between carbohydrate recognition domains of lectins and their ligands is of relevance. In this work, we have selected the photoaffinity labeling technique for the exploration of the ligand binding to mannose-specific lectins, particularly the α-mannose-specific adhesin FimH, which is expressed at the tips of type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli bacteria. We have designed and synthesized a series of mannosides and glycopeptides derived thereof that are equipped with a photoactive functional group. It was our goal to compare the properties and labeling potencies of different types of photolabile residues, and therefore, photolabeled mannosides with an azide, a diazirine, and a benzophenone moiety were synthesized. Their crosslinking activity was investigated by photolysis in the presence of six different amino acids and with three model peptides, angiotensin II, PTHIKWGD, and pentaglycine as well. The crosslinked adducts so obtained were analyzed by mass spectrometry. In addition, difunctionalized mannosides were sought that contained a photolabel and a biotin marker to facilitate the isolation and the eventual identification, respectively, of the photolabeled peptides and proteins. To realize this concept, we have employed orthogonally functionalized glycoamino acid building blocks, which could be utilized as scaffold molecules for the synthesis of our bifunctional target molecules. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
|
2022-12-17T13:53:45.990Z
|
207,117,431 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/ja511398w",
"MAG": "2316271868",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The standard protocols for DNA analysis largely involve polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, DNA structures bound to chemical agents cannot be PCR-amplified, and therefore any sequence changes induced by external agents may be neglected. Thus, the development of analytical tools capable of characterizing the biochemical mechanisms associated with chemically induced DNA damage is demanded for the rational design of more effective chemotherapy drugs, understanding the mode of actions of carcinogenic chemicals, and monitoring the genotypic toxicology of environments. Here we report a fast, high-throughput, low-cost method for the characterization and quantitative recognition of DNA interactions with exogenous agents based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. As representative chemical agents, we selected a chemotherapeutic drug (cisplatin) which forms covalent adducts with DNA, a duplex intercalating agent (methylene blue), and a cytotoxic metal ion (Hg(II)) which inserts into T:T mismatches. Rich structural information on the DNA complex architecture and properties is provided by the unique changes of their SERS spectra, which also offer an efficient analytical tool to quantify the extent of such binding.
|
2022-12-18T10:19:38.448Z
|
19,425,649 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.15517/RBT.V53I3-4.14597",
"MAG": "2091501863",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In tropical forests with nutrient-rich soil tree's nutrient resorption from senesced leaves has not always been observed to be low. Perhaps this lack of consistence is partly owing to the nutrient resorption methods used. The aim of the study was to analyse N and P resorption proficiency from tropical rain forest trees in a nutrient-rich soil. It was hypothesised that trees would exhibit low nutrient resorption in a nutrient-rich soil. The soil concentrations of total N and extractable P, among other physical and chemical characteristics, were analysed in 30 samples in the soil surface (10 cm) of three undisturbed forest plots at 'Estaci6n de Biologia Los Tuxtlas' on the east coast of Mexico (18 degrees 34' - 18 degrees 36' N, 95 degrees 04' - 95 degrees 09' W). N and P resorption proficiency were determined from senescing leaves in 11 dominant tree species. Nitrogen was analysed by microkjeldahl digestion with sulphuric acid and distilled with boric acid, and phosphorus was analysed by digestion with nitric acid and perchloric acid. Soil was rich in total N (0.50%, n = 30) and extractable P (4.11 microg g(-1) n = 30). As expected, trees showed incomplete N (1.13%, n = 11) and P (0.11%, n = 1) resorption. With a more accurate method of nutrient resorption assessment, it is possible to prove that a forest community with a nutrient-rich soil can have low levels of N and P resorption.
|
2022-12-27T23:11:33.365Z
|
127,478,027 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1787/ECO_OUTLOOK-V2013-2-1-EN",
"MAG": "1039077596",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The global economy continues to expand at a moderate pace, with some acceleration of growth anticipated in 2014 and 2015. But global growth forecasts have been revised down significantly for this year and 2014, in large part due to weaker prospects in many emerging market economies (EMEs). Downside risks dominate and policy must address them.
|
2022-01-27T14:21:44.626Z
|
138,813,498 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2109/JCERSJ.99.561",
"MAG": "2314228652",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Changes in the structure and permeability of porous magnesia ceramic with a TiO2-Al2O3 matrix with a TiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 0.96 were studied at different matrix contents. The shape of pores became complicated and pores tended to have fractal nature as the matrix content increased. It was proposed that the change of pore shape was caused by the increase in the amount of the matrix and its reaction with MgO grains. Both mean pore diameter and permeability showed a maximum at a matrix content, 10wt% and 15%, respectively. On the other hand, the fractal dimension of pore shape changed from 1.39 at 5wt% to 1.65 at 20wt% of matrix. The fractal dimension changed sharply between 10-15wt%. The permeability was found to agree well with that of a nonspherical particle system by using pore size modified by the its fractal dimension.
|
2022-02-09T09:54:01.471Z
|
79,606,962 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21886/2219-8075-2013-1-20-23",
"MAG": "2608584118",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Purpose: Improving efficiency of treatment mixed tubercular and ps.aeruginosa pleural empyema. Materials and methods: The results of treatment of 65 patients with mixed tubercular and ps.aeruginosa pleural empyema have been analyzed. Local ozone therapy was used in 29 cases. Results: The strict keeping of procedure allows to have expressed local and systemic activity with absence of side effects. Conclusions: Application of ozonated solutions is effective and economic method of sanitation empyemic pleural cavities. So, ozone therapy can be recommended in the complex treatment of pleural empyema produced by mixed flora.
|
2022-02-11T03:47:02.651Z
|
18,394,445 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14569/IJACSA.2014.050812",
"MAG": "2171118055",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) is the most widely accepted approach to IT service management in the world. Upon the adoption of ITIL processes, organizations face many challenges that can lead to increased complexity. In this paper we use the advantages of agent technology to make implementation and use of ITIL processes more efficient, starting by the incident management process.
|
2022-02-12T23:52:24.717Z
|
154,318,731 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0008423900009926",
"MAG": "2160914122",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Although the findings are too numerous to summarize, a few of the particularly interesting ones can be noted. Polycentrism has the highest instability scores; ethnicity seems to have less effect on crisis behaviour than conventional wisdom would lead us to believe; the proportion of the states involved in a crisis that are democratic does lower the level of violence that is likely to be employed; crises that are embedded in protracted conflicts tend to be different from isolated conflicts, most notably in being more likely to entail basic threats and higher levels of violence. The discussion of the findings is made particularly clear and useful by the mention of cases that exemplify the relationships under consideration. Those who prefer deductive theory—or who argue that theory must be deductive—will not be happy with this book. Those who are more comfortable with the testing of specific hypotheses will find much of value here. But even they will be troubled by the linked problems of control variables, spuriousness and reciprocal causality that make research of this type so difficult. Most of the analysis applies few if any control variables, leading to the obvious question of whether the correlations are spurious. Methodological problems can also be generated by the fact that the course of one crisis can affect behaviour in the next one. Relatedly, problems of endogeneity and selection effects rear their ugly heads. While the authors study how states react to each other, their approach does not allow for the impact of the anticipation of others' likely responses. Thus the data on the effectiveness of the actions of major power and international organizations is difficult to interpret because these actors presumably chose their levels and kinds of activities on the basis of their assessments of the situation and the likely outcomes of alternative courses of action. For example, this means that if we were to find that crises ended more peacefully with United Nations involvement than without it we could not necessarily attribute causality to the UN role or conclude that if the UN were to intervene more widely, conflict would be reduced. Nevertheless, at a minimum A Study of Crisis is a superb sourcebook and a prod to further research.
|
2022-03-08T12:58:54.661Z
|
220,354,431 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00277.xk",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00277.xk"
}
|
refugee issue, with special reference to the evolution of Lebanese policies toward the refugees. The next two chapters describe relevant theoretical considerations and the methodology used in the selection and interviewing of the respondents. The third part, chapters 7, 8 and 9, is the heart of the study, presenting the Lebanese attitudes towards the Palestinians and their integration and resettlement as well as Palestinian views on their status and future. The final part discusses the implications of the findings and their relevance to the Arab-Israeli peace process and Lebanon’s domestic situation. The findings of Haddad‘s survey rest on analyses of interview data from a sample of 1,073 Lebanese and 273 Palestinian respondents. In addition to being relatively small in size, the sample is nonrepresentative. Haddad clearly acknowledges these data limitations. Nevertheless, despite these limitations he believes that the data provide an important empirical basis for analysis of opinions and attitudes. The main conclusions of Haddad’s study are clear and important, but not unexpected by those familiar with Lebanon and the Arab-Israeli conflict. First, Lebanese, especially the Christians, have negative views towards the Palestinian refugees. Only a minority of the Lebanese respondents indicated support for the refugees. An important underpinning for the general hostile perceptions towards the refugees is that the Lebanese blame them for the country’s lengthy civil war. Second, the Palestinians refugees report considerable frustration with difficult lives and their status in Lebanon, i.e., neither nationals nor foreigners. For example, nine out of ten Palestinian refugees stated that they were not satisfied with their personal economic and current life conditions and had viewed their future as bleak. Third, resettlement of the refugees in Lebanon appears not to be an option, with the overwhelming majority of the respondents indicating aversion to resettlement. Haddad believes that talks of permanently settling Palestinian refugees in Lebanon will trigger wide public opposition and may pose a threat to the country’s security and political stability (p. 141). Haddad’s study is informative and his findings are certainly relevant to the current issues in this region of the world. However, turning to the title of the book, the question that remains in the reader’s mind, and I suspect in Haddad’s as well, is what is the likely solution to the “Palestinian Impasse in Lebanon.”
|
2022-07-10T03:51:36.893Z
|
244,742,787 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3389/fenrg.2021.757385",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2021.757385/pdf"
}
|
The periodicity and non-stationary nature of photovoltaic (PV) output power make the point prediction result contain very little information, increase the difficulty of describing the prediction uncertainty, and it is difficult to ensure the most efficient operation of the power system. Effectively predicting the PV power range will greatly improve the economics and stability of the grid. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved generalized based on the combination of wavelet packet (WP) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) to obtain higher accuracy point prediction results. The error mixed distribution function is used to fit the probability distribution of the prediction error, and the probability prediction is performed to obtain the prediction interval. The coverage rate and average width of the prediction interval are used as indicators to evaluate the prediction results of the interval. By comparing with the results of conventional methods based on normal distribution, at 95 and 90% confidence levels, the method proposed in this paper achieves higher coverage while reducing the average bandwidth by 5.238 and 3.756%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed probability interval prediction method.
|
2022-07-28T01:29:29.692Z
|
150,813,725 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/13537121.2019.1577037",
"MAG": "2921573403",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
ABSTRACT The article analyses the effect of Israel’s new maritime orientation on its foreign policy. It first demonstrates that in the last two decades Israel has changed its maritime posture in three important ways: it has developed energy dependence on offshore gas, begun extensive seawater desalination and dramatically expanded its navy’s platforms and missions. The paper then investigates the effects of these changes on Israel’s bilateral relations with its neighbours. Finally, the paper highlights the cumulative effect of these changes as well as some of their implications for Israel’s foreign policy.
|
2022-08-25T05:24:12.772Z
|
95,308,789 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1039/C39770000686",
"MAG": "2030332272",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Reduction of [Co(CO)4]– or [M(CO)3]4(M = Rh and Ir) with sodium in liquid ammonia, naphthalene–tetrahydrofuran, or hexamethylphosphoramide (only M = Rh and Ir) gives pyrophoric substances which provide the first main group 4 derivatives of [M(CO)3]3–(M = Co, Rh, and Ir) in 20–90% yields.
|
2022-09-04T19:53:46.436Z
|
244,588,830 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.22092/IJMAPR.2021.352596.2898",
"MAG": "3207818204",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background: Plants of the Lamiaceae family are a rich source of medicinal compounds with anticancer properties. In many studies, only the anticancer properties of the compounds have been investigated and their toxic effects on healthy cells have not been addressed. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the toxic effects of essential oil of two species from the genus Origanum (Lamiaceae family) include of Origanum Vulgare L. and Origanum Majorana L. on BCL-1 and normal lymphocyte and macrophage in vitro.
Methods: The plant samples were collected and the essential oils were obtained using the hydro-distillation method (Clevenger). The essential oils were analyzed by GC.MS. BCL-1 cell line, lymphocyte, and macrophage from normal mice co-culture with various concentrations of essential oils for 24h. Cell viability and cytotoxic effect of the essential oils were determined by MTT and LDH assays.
Results: GC.MS results show the diverse components of the two essential oils so that it has only 12 shared parts. Both essential oils at a concentration of 0.01-1% (O.Vulgare 47-79% and O.Majorana 30-82%) inhibited the growth of the BCL-1 cancer cell line. (O.Vulgare essential oil IC50:0.01% and O.Majorana essential oil IC50:0.03%). Whereas these two essential oils at the highest concentration (1%) do not decrease the cell viability of macrophages and lymphocyte. Also, according to LDH test results, none of the concentrations of both essential oil had a cytotoxic effect on normal lymphocyte and macrophage cells.
Conclusion: The essential oils of O.Vulgare and O.Majorana are a proper candidate for cancer treatment because, in addition to having strong anticancer effects, they had no cytotoxic effect on normal cells of the immune system.
|
2022-12-20T17:11:26.015Z
|
135,765,343 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1115/FEDSM2005-77162",
"MAG": "2094317012",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
PART I: Granular materials deform plastically like a solid under weak shear and they flow like a fluid under high shear. These materials exhibit other unusual kinds of behavior, including pattern formation in shaking of granular materials for which the onset characteristics of the various patterns are not well understood. Vertically shaken granular materials undergo a transition to a convective motion which can result in the formation of bubbles. In Part I, a detailed overview is presented of collective processes in gas-particle flows useful for developing a simplified model for molecular dynamic type simulations of dense gas-particle flows. The large eddy simulation method (LES) has been employed for simulating fluid flows through irregular array of particles. The results obtained may lead to scale-dependent closures for quantities such as the drag, stresses and effective dispersion. These are of use for developing a continuum approach for describing the deformation and flow of dense gas-particle mixtures described in Part II. PART II: Granular materials deform plastically like a solid under weak shear and they flow like a fluid under high shear. As discussed in Part I, these materials exhibit other unusual kinds of behavior, including pattern formation in shaking of granular materials for which the onset characteristics of the various patterns are not well understood. Vertically shaken granular materials undergo a transition to a convective motion which can result in the formation of bubbles. In this part, hydrodynamic continuum equations are presented for describing the deformation and flow of dense gas-particle mixtures. The constitutive equation used for the stress tensor provides an effective viscosity with a liquid-like character at low shear rates and a gaseous-like behavior at high shear rates. The numerical solutions are obtained for the aforementioned hydrodynamic equations for predicting the flow dynamics of dense mixture of gas and particles in a vertical cylindrical container, whose base wall is subjected to sinusoidal oscillation in the vertical direction given as z = A sin(kv x) sin(lv y) cos(ωv t), where (ωv = Clv2 + kv2), C is speed of wave in base wall of container, A is a constant, and kv = mv π and lv = nv π. For a heptagonal prism shaped container under vertical vibrations, the model results were found to predict bubbling behavior analogous to those observed experimentally. This bubbling behavior may be explained by the unusual gas pressure distribution found in the bed. In addition, oscillon type structures are found to be formed using a vertically vibrated, pentagonal prism shaped container. The latter, however, seems to strengthen the observation that the pressure distribution plays a key role in deformation and flow of dense mixtures of gas and particles under vertical vibrations.© 2005 ASME
|
2022-12-21T10:38:55.922Z
|
36,757,425 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/nph.12451",
"MAG": "2075127117",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nph.12451"
}
|
Research into the mechanisms driving drought-related plant mortality has seen a focussed effort in recent years. Drought and water availability are pervasive factors influencing the distribution of forests and woodlands globally, particularly in water-limited environments, where evaporation exceeds rainfall and is therefore a major constraint on productivity. However, the lack of a predictive framework for forest mortality remains an important knowledge gap in ecosystem and biogeochemical models (Roxburgh et al., 2004). The paper by Hartmann et al. (pp. 340–349) in the Feature on drought-related mortality in this issue of New Phytologist provides some novel insights into the relative contributions of hydraulic failure and carbon (C) starvation in trees. In conjunction with recent activity focussed on unravelling the relative importance of the putative mechanisms of plant mortality, our goal should be to improve our understanding of C, water and nutrient dynamics in ecosystems and improve our capacity to predict conditions under which mortality is likely to occur.
|
2022-12-22T16:50:14.685Z
|
131,742,432 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3929/ETHZ-A-004666870",
"MAG": "2143857058",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
As a result of free market forces in the agricultural and silvicultural sector, mountain regions in Western Europe are at great risk of experiencing increasing land abandonment, particularly of land with low production potential. In order to mitigate undesirable negative effects on landscape qualities or to initiate incentives for remedial actions, the importance of understanding natural succession in these abandoned systems increased considerably within the last two decades. The Swiss National Park (SNP) is one of the few areas in Western Europe that was not influenced directly by humans during most of the 20th century. Therefore, the Park provides a unique opportunity to study how mountain forests may develop in the absence of human intervention. Fortunately, long-term data on forest development in the SNP are available for a 44-year period. This study is based on a comparison of historic (1957) and present data (2001) from subalpine forest stands. 22 Long-term empirical data as a basis for analysis Our results showed that the SNP’s forests are developing from an early-successional stage dominated by mountain pine (Pinus montana Mill.) through a mid-successional mixedspecies stage into a late successional stage dominated by Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.). With the present study we were able to empirically elucidate major successional pathways. In addition, we found that current natural disturbances, such as fungal diseases, parasitic insects, ungulate browsing, small-scale wind-throw or snow pressure, do not prevent succession from mountain pine to Swiss stone pine-European larch communities.
|
2022-09-13T10:09:41.672Z
|
14,045,762 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1145/2576232",
"MAG": "1971005684",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Geographic objects associated with descriptive texts are becoming prevalent, justifying the need for spatial-keyword queries that consider both locations and textual descriptions of the objects. Specifically, the relevance of an object to a query is measured by spatial-textual similarity that is based on both spatial proximity and textual similarity. In this article, we introduce the Reverse Spatial-Keyword k-Nearest Neighbor (RSKkNN) query, which finds those objects that have the query as one of their k-nearest spatial-textual objects. The RSKkNN queries have numerous applications in online maps and GIS decision support systems. To answer RSKkNN queries efficiently, we propose a hybrid index tree, called IUR-tree (Intersection-Union R-tree) that effectively combines location proximity with textual similarity. Subsequently, we design a branch-and-bound search algorithm based on the IUR-tree. To accelerate the query processing, we improve IUR-tree by leveraging the distribution of textual description, leading to some variants of the IUR-tree called Clustered IUR-tree (CIUR-tree) and combined clustered IUR-tree (C2IUR-tree), for each of which we develop optimized algorithms. We also provide a theoretical cost model to analyze the efficiency of our algorithms. Our empirical studies show that the proposed algorithms are efficient and scalable.
|
2022-11-30T21:40:00.704Z
|
27,031,643 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1529/BIOPHYSJ.106.092577",
"MAG": "2068477248",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A new data analysis tool that resolves correlations on the nanometer length and millisecond timescale is derived. This tool, adapted from methods of spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy, exploits the high positional accuracy of single-particle tracking. While conventional tracking methods break down if multiple particle trajectories intersect, our method works in principle for arbitrarily large molecule densities and diffusion coefficients as long as individual molecules can be identified. The method is computationally cheap and robust and requires no a priori knowledge about the dynamical coefficients, as opposed to other methods. We demonstrate the validity of the method by Monte Carlo simulations and by application to single-molecule tracking data of membrane-anchored proteins in live cells. The results faithfully reproduce those obtained by conventional tracking. Upon activation, a fraction of the small GTPase H-Ras is confined to domains of <200 nm diameter, which further substantiates the prediction that membrane organization is a determinant in cellular signaling.
|
2022-12-16T07:42:41.433Z
|
247,980,768 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3389/fpubh.2022.777129",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "9021505"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.777129/pdf"
}
|
Amelioration of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance associated with obesity is a cardinal target for therapeutics. Therefore, we investigated the relation of Fibrilln-1 (FBN1) mRNA expression and hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate caboxykinase (PEPCK) enzyme to the ameliorative impact of oxytocin on obesity-induced diabetes, suggesting glycogenolysis markers in diabetic models. Four groups of forty male Wistar rats were formed (n = 10): a control group fed basal diet and intraperitoneal injections of saline; an oxytocin-injected group; a diet-induced obese group fed a high-fat/high-sugar diet and injected with saline; a diet-induced obese group injected with oxytocin. Depending on blood glucose levels, obese groups were further sub-grouped into prediabetic, and diabetic rats, with 5 rats each, at the ninth and the 16th week of the feeding period, respectively. FBN1 expression and PEPCK activity were determined using the qPCR technique and some biochemical parameters (glycemic, lipid profile, kidney, and liver functions) were determined using kits. Obese groups showed an elevation of brain FBN1 expression, high serum lipid profile, high glucose level, and a deleterious impact on liver and kidney functions. Obese groups showed the stimulator effect of the PEPCK enzyme and time-dependent pathological changes in renal and hepatic tissues. The motor activities were negatively correlated with FBN1 gene expression in prediabetic and diabetic rats. In addition to our previous review of the crucial role of asprosin, here we showed that oxytocin could ameliorate obesity-induced diabetes and decrease FBN1 gene expression centrally to block appetite. Oxytocin caused decreases in PEPCK enzyme activity as well as glycogenolysis in the liver. Therefore, oxytocin has a potential effect on FBN1 expression and PEPCK enzyme activity in the obesity-induced diabetic-rat model.
|
2022-12-21T17:14:22.135Z
|
221,719,088 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1364/cleo_si.2020.stu4m.6",
"MAG": "3086380485",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Room-temperature plasmonic-crystal surface-emitting laser is demonstrated with a square-lattice gold nano-arrays on the surface of InGaAs/GaAs quantum well. The lasing peak determined by lattice constant shows excellent linewidth (∼0.5 nm) and thermal stability (∼0.083 nm/°C).
|
2022-01-27T02:17:05.532Z
|
238,831,529 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.22289/2446-922x.v7n2a8",
"MAG": "3195544236",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://psicodebate.dpgpsifpm.com.br/index.php/periodico/article/download/774/499"
}
|
A visão é um dos mais importantes sentidos no desenvolvimento normal da criança. Quando há o comprometimento dessa via sensorial, a criança pode apresentar dificuldades no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, na relação familiar e ainda nas habilidades da vida diária. Avaliar o desempenho das habilidades funcionais e de assistência dos pais/cuidadores nas atividades básicas de vida diária em crianças com deficiência visual em comparação ao desempenho de crianças sem deficiência visual. Este estudo prospectivo, observacional e transversal foi realizado no Ambulatório de Estimulação Visual Precoce - Setor de Baixa Visão e Reabilitação Visual do Instituto da Visão do Departamento de Oftalmologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. O instrumento utilizado foi o PEDI - Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade, aplicado através de entrevista individual com o responsável pela criança nas áreas de Habilidades Funcionais e Nível de Assistência do Cuidador. O PEDI é subdividido em itens: autocuidado, mobilidade e função social. Segundo os dados obtidos, as crianças deficientes visuais apresentaram um déficit de desempenho na área de autocuidado e são mais dependentes do cuidador na mobilidade e função social. As crianças sem deficiência visual apresentaram um menor desempenho na área de autocuidado e mesmo nível de dependência do cuidador nas três áreas. Crianças com deficiência visual necessitam de mais ajuda para desempenhar suas atividades diárias em todas as áreas funcionais se comparadas com as crianças sem deficiência visual.
|
2022-01-24T23:26:14.604Z
|
91,176,461 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.12681/BGSG.17152",
"MAG": "1931103272",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
“Cryptic boiling” has been disclosed throughout the vertical extent of the Profitis Ilias epithermal system (~450 m) by assessing systematic variations in fluid inclusion and stable isotope (δ18O-δD) data in relation to elevation. Highest gold grades (Au: 2-57.9 g/t) are preferentially concentrated in the upper 200-250 m of the system in a “steam-dominated zone” that is separated from a lower “liquid-dominated zone” (Au < 2 g/t). This distribution of gold may be due to colloidal transport in a boiling epithermal system. The identification of the base of the “steam-dominated zone” using fluid inclusion and stable isotope data may potentially guide exploration drilling to depths with high-grade gold ore in productive epithermal systems.
|
2022-02-10T18:21:58.264Z
|
33,237,115 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/IEMBS.1992.5761568",
"MAG": "2003993060",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Fetal breathing rates (FBR) in sheep have been investigated using spectral analysis techniques. The power spectral densities of the FBR were found to be inversely proportional to Fourier frequency (1/f spectrum) below 0.06 Hz. The levels of the 1/f spectrum are same with changing the morphine dose, when normalized by the mean square of the data. In order to simulate 1/f fluctuation of the FBR, the integral pulse frequency modulation (IPFM) model is used, and parameters were fluctuated various random noise. As a result, 1/f fluctuation similar to the experimental data is obtained with the 1/f fluctuation of the parameters.
|
2022-02-12T10:15:35.293Z
|
225,299,489 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.17577/ijertv9is080285",
"MAG": "3082753444",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://www.ijert.org/research/an-experimental-investigation-on-partial-replacement-of-cement-with-rice-husk-ash-and-fine-aggregate-with-steel-slag-IJERTV9IS080285.pdf"
}
|
:- Concrete is the most normally utilized structure material for development and it expends nearly the all-out concrete substance creation on the planet. Rice husk debris gives great compressive solidarity to the solid. It is a side-effect; henceforth, it helps in chopping down the ecological contamination. The thickness of cement containing rice husk debris is like the ordinary weight concrete; consequently, it can likewise be utilized for the broadly useful application as well. The impenetrable microstructure of rice husk debris concrete gives better protection from the sulphate assault, chloride entrance, carbonation, and so forth. Rice Hush Ash concrete has great shrinkage property and expands the toughness of cement. Thusly this investigation of Rice Husk Ash based cement is useful and is more valuable for the future solid world. Steel slag is the side-effect got from the steel business. It is created as a build-up during the creation of steel. Steel slag can be utilized in the development business as totals in concrete by supplanting totals. This prompts the decrease of landfills saved for its removal, sparing regular assets and accomplishing an expected situation. The possible use and ideal use of steel slag and Rice Husk Ash in the creation of cement. Examinations were completed on the adjustments in properties of solid when steel slag is utilized in concrete. Test results on compressive quality, split rigidity, flexural quality and functionality of cement uncovered that the quality of cement following 28 days expanded individually subsequent to supplanting sand by steel slag. After adjustment of steel slag properties by implanting it with Rice Husk Ash, the 28 days quality was seen to be expanded when contrasted with customary solid blend separately after substitution. Imbuing steel slag with Rice Husk Ash expanded the qualities of cement separately when contrasted with ordinary steel slag solid blend
|
2022-06-29T01:04:23.251Z
|
253,949,432 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1079/cabicompendium.115124",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.115124"
}
|
This datasheet on Landoltia punctata covers Identity, Distribution, Biology & Ecology, Further Information.
|
2022-12-02T12:08:33.857Z
|
18,403,114 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1587/TRANSCOM.E94.B.3272",
"MAG": "2120201998",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
SUMMARY We consider Downlink (DL) scheduling for a multi-user cooperative cellular system with fixed relays. The conventional scheduling trend is to avoid interference by allocating orthogonal radio resources to each user, although simultaneous allocation of users on the same resource has been proven to be superior in, e.g., the broadcast channel. Therefore, we design a scheduler where in each frame, two selected relayed users are supported simultaneously through the Superposition Coding (SC) based scheme proposed in this paper. In this scheme, the messages destined to the two users are superposed in the modulation domain into three SC layers, allowing them to benefit from their high quality relayed links, thereby increasing the sum-rate. We derive the optimal power allocation over these three layers that maximizes the sum-rate under an equal rates’ constraint. By integrating this scheme into the proposed scheduler, the simulation results show that our proposed SC scheduler provides high throughput and rate outage probability performance, indicating a significant fairness improvement. This validates the approach of simultaneous allocation versus
|
2022-12-02T11:20:37.756Z
|
129,841,121 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.09",
"MAG": "2003134995",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract The widespread early Jurassic Karoo vulcanism of southern Africa appears to have been generated from a large-scale mantle plume originating in the sub-lithospheric mantle, but with a considerable additional contribution in some areas of material from the lithosphere. Subduction-related vulcanism may also play a significant role, but the relationships of the two types of vulcanism, if indeed a clear distinction does exist, are at present uncertain. Continental break-up probably took place in two stages, the first of which, in the early Jurassic, was not accompanied by true seafloor spreading. In this stage, the reactivation of an ancient shear zone is thought to have resulted in the movement of Antarctica north-eastwards relative to Africa (in the present-day African reference frame), with the creation of a zone of thinned continental crust, or a mixed zone of oceanic and continental crust, in Mozambique. The second stage took place 10–30 Ma later as Antarctica and Madagascar moved southwards relative to Africa with the formation of the oldest-known oceanic crust of the Indian Ocean.
|
2022-12-15T02:54:06.177Z
|
232,038,306 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/QAI.0000000000002662",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background: The 2013 Pooled Cohort Equations (PCEs) have underestimated cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among persons with HIV (PWH). We evaluate whether the addition of frailty improves PCE's ability to estimate CVD risk among aging PWH. Setting: Multicenter study. Methods: We assessed baseline frailty and 5-year atherosclerotic CVD risk using PCEs for participants in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5322 observational study. The primary outcome was incident CVD. We fit Cox proportional hazards regression models for incident CVD with (1) PCEs alone and (2) PCEs and frailty together (which included separate models for frailty score, frailty status, slow gait speed, and weak grip strength). We evaluated discrimination ability for the models with and without frailty by comparing their areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) and Uno C-statistics, as well as by calculating the net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement. Results: The analysis included 944 A5322 participants (759 men, 185 women, median age 50 years, 47% White non-Hispanic). Thirty-nine participants experienced incident CVD during the study period. PCEs predicted 5-year CVD risk in all models. With frailty score, frailty status, slow gait speed, or weak grip strength added, the AUC and C-statistics were relatively unchanged, and the NRI and integrated discrimination improvement indicated little improvement in model discrimination. However, frailty score independently predicted CVD risk [frailty score: hazard ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00 to 1.70, P = 0.05]. Conclusions: Frailty did not improve the predictive ability of PCEs. Baseline PCEs and frailty score independently predicted CVD. Incorporation of frailty assessment into clinical practice may provide corroborative and independent CVD risk estimation.
|
2022-12-19T20:46:30.988Z
|
143,938,496 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1026//0942-5403.10.2.140B",
"MAG": "2005396326",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Seelische Verletzungen, ihre Ursachen und Folgen, Prävention, Rehabilitation und therapeutische Möglichkeiten – von diesen Fragen und Problemen handelt dieses Standardwerk der Psychotraumatologie. Die Autoren stellen ein allgemeines Verlaufsmodell vor, analysieren die Unterschiede des individuellen Traumaerlebens sowie spezielle traumatisierende Situationen. Verschiedene Therapieformen werden erklärt und kritisch eingeordnet. Erweitert bzw. neu in der 5. Auflage: Trauma durch Flucht und Vertreibung; Kriegstrauma; Psychotraumatherapie des Körpers und Psychopharmakotherapie.
Überarbeitung von Adrian Georg Fischer, Monika Becker-Fischer, Theo O. J. Gründler, Ferdinand Haenel, Kurt Mosetter, Reiner Mosetter, Peter
|
2022-12-25T21:32:49.169Z
|
76,298,190 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/175114370800900319",
"MAG": "2317590055",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), prone positioning improves oxygenation but has no impact on mortality, except perhaps in those with Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II >50. Level of evidence: 1+ (SR based on small RCTs, conducted prior to ARDSNet – subsequent change in practice)
|
2022-02-11T06:34:25.030Z
|
228,989,816 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1742-6596/1661/1/012165",
"MAG": "3099827354",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1661/1/012165"
}
|
The article discusses the use of neural networks to forecast the prices of orders in the taxi service. The analysis shows that the results of the price control action are preferable to the results that are obtained for the direct cost of the trip. Special attention is paid to such factors as the time of the order, the weather condition of the environment, the number of cars in the area, as well as the distance between the starting and ending points of the route. It was shown that networks ensure maximum accuracy with backward propagation of error with the number of neurons (5) close to the number of parameters (4).
|
2022-08-20T14:25:13.959Z
|
136,629,414 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/S1679-78252014000500010",
"MAG": "1993313247",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Being motivated by the technological applications of bioabsorbable polymeric materials in the fields of biomechanics and medicine, this paper presents a simple but efficient extension of Lemaitre's elastoplastic damage model by incorporating a chemical-based (hydrolysis) degradation term. The aim is to allow the simulation of devices subjected to both mechanical and chemical environments. The model applicability is tested by a set of numerical finite-element examples. The encouraging results show expected adequate coupling between the elastoplastic and chemical damages. Although the model is presently restricted to linear kinematics, the basic idea can be extended to finite strains.
|
2022-08-24T14:33:52.354Z
|