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after underlining the serious psychological consequences of radical mastectomy for carcinoma and the importance of breast reconstruction for the patient 's complete recovery , the paper briefly reviews the main reconstruction techniques employed in restoring breast volume which is essentially achieved by inserting an artificial prosthesis below a myocutaneous skin flap often taken from the great dorsal .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0085076",
"name": "of breast reconstruction",
"pos": [
112,
136
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0006141",
"name": "breast",
"pos": [
259,
265
]
}
|
radical neck dissection ( rnd ) has proved to be effective in the en bloc removal of metastatic lymph nodes in the neck .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0034542",
"name": "radical neck dissection",
"pos": [
0,
23
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0027530",
"name": "neck",
"pos": [
115,
119
]
}
|
a four-lumen , 20-f surgical gastrojejunostomy tube designed to incorporate separate lumens for both jejunal feeding and gastric decompression was modified for guide-wire use .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0399839",
"name": "gastrojejunostomy",
"pos": [
29,
46
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0038351",
"name": "gastric",
"pos": [
121,
128
]
}
|
upper endoscopy was performed at the same intervals , scoring changes in the middle and distal duodenum separately from findings in the stomach and duodenal bulb .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0017195",
"name": "upper endoscopy",
"pos": [
0,
15
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0038351",
"name": "stomach",
"pos": [
136,
143
]
}
|
therefore , after ligation of all side branches , vessel segments , prepared either with or without endothelium , were cannulated and arranged in two systems ( with two segments each ) in a serial manner ( system i : endothelium-denuded vessel followed by an endothelium-denuded segment ) and perfused with tyrode 's solution ( constant flow 20 ml/min ) .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023690",
"name": "ligation",
"pos": [
18,
26
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0005847",
"name": "vessel",
"pos": [
237,
243
]
}
|
[ the importance of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lesions of the trachea and bronchi in pulmonary tuberculosis patients ] .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0006290",
"name": "bronchoscopy",
"pos": [
20,
32
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0006255",
"name": "bronchi",
"pos": [
80,
87
]
}
|
experience of 70 gastroscopies with direct-vision biopsy is favourable and indicates that this instrument will be of great assistance in certain difficult diagnostic problems of gastric pathology .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0017195",
"name": "gastroscopies",
"pos": [
17,
30
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0038351",
"name": "gastric",
"pos": [
178,
185
]
}
|
[ experimental studies on multi-stage partial resections of the liver and the behavior of the liver after ligation of branches of the bile duct or blood vessels ] .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023690",
"name": "ligation",
"pos": [
106,
114
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0005847",
"name": "blood",
"pos": [
147,
152
]
}
|
although arthroplasty has developed tremendously in the last few years , there are still indications for arthrodesis of the wrist , particularly in nonrheumatoid patients where fairly heavy loads are imposed on the joint .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0003893",
"name": "arthroplasty",
"pos": [
9,
21
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0022417",
"name": "joint",
"pos": [
215,
220
]
}
|
we have examined the effects of bile duct ligation on vascular and extravascular smooth muscle responsiveness to noradrenaline and tyramine using isolated rat hindlimb perfusion , and portal vein and vas deferens preparations .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023690",
"name": "ligation",
"pos": [
42,
50
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0005847",
"name": "vascular",
"pos": [
72,
80
]
}
|
bile duct ligation reduced the contractile responses to noradrenaline of vascular and extravascular smooth muscle .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023690",
"name": "ligation",
"pos": [
10,
18
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0005847",
"name": "vascular",
"pos": [
91,
99
]
}
|
colonoscopy was completed to the cecum or ileum in 82.5 % of studies , and an average of 93.8 % of the colon was viewed .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0009378",
"name": "colonoscopy",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009368",
"name": "colon",
"pos": [
103,
108
]
}
|
however , the significant number of incomplete colonoscopies still suggests that colonoscopy and barium enema examination must remain complementary for maximum detection of colonic lesions .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0009378",
"name": "colonoscopy",
"pos": [
81,
92
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009368",
"name": "colonic",
"pos": [
173,
180
]
}
|
endocular surgery by vitrectomy plus internal tamponade using air or silicone oil was done on 32 eyes with an 87,50 % success rate at the end of surgery .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0042903",
"name": "vitrectomy",
"pos": [
21,
31
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0015392",
"name": "eyes",
"pos": [
97,
101
]
}
|
dr antigens were also expressed on the cell surface of isolated tubular cells aspirated from transplanted kidneys with acute cellular rejection but not on tubular cells in normal kidneys or aspirates from kidneys without rejection .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0022671",
"name": "transplanted kidneys",
"pos": [
93,
113
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0022646",
"name": "kidneys",
"pos": [
205,
212
]
}
|
five patients were investigated via a suboccipital craniotomy and one patient via a temporal skull defect .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0010280",
"name": "craniotomy",
"pos": [
51,
61
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0037303",
"name": "skull",
"pos": [
93,
98
]
}
|
three years ago , a prospective , randomized , collaborative study investigating the effectiveness of vitrectomy for chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema in eyes with vitreous adherent to the cataract wound but without an intraocular lens was started .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0042903",
"name": "vitrectomy",
"pos": [
102,
112
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0015392",
"name": "eyes",
"pos": [
158,
162
]
}
|
the authors address the multifactored origins of renovascular hypertension following renal transplantation and present the experience with digital subtraction angiography and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as well as standard angiography and surgical repair in the diagnosis and treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0022671",
"name": "renal transplantation",
"pos": [
85,
106
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0022646",
"name": "renal",
"pos": [
310,
315
]
}
|
very good results were achieved with benign mediastinal cysts , and pnab with aspiration of fluid proved to be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of these lesions .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C1510483",
"name": "pnab",
"pos": [
68,
72
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0005889",
"name": "fluid",
"pos": [
92,
97
]
}
|
a model in which partial ligation of the left external iliac artery results in a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure to the ipsilateral femoral artery ( 70 mmhg ; protected ) while mean pressure increases in the contralateral femoral artery ( 125 mmhg ; unprotected ) was used to determine the effect of high blood pressure stress on vascular adrenergic responsiveness .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023690",
"name": "ligation",
"pos": [
25,
33
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0005847",
"name": "vascular",
"pos": [
339,
347
]
}
|
later on , the duplicated proximal colostomy was anastomosed to the one distal colon leading to the rectum with anoplasty .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0009410",
"name": "colostomy",
"pos": [
35,
44
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009368",
"name": "colon",
"pos": [
79,
84
]
}
|
the use of colposcopy as an office procedure is shown to be an effective method in localizing the iud 's string deep in the cervical canal , and for following those patients who wish to continue with iud , thus avoiding replacement of the device .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0009417",
"name": "colposcopy",
"pos": [
11,
21
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0007874",
"name": "cervical canal",
"pos": [
124,
138
]
}
|
effect of high , low and medium gastrojejunostomy to the main stomach on heidenhain pouch secretion .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0399839",
"name": "gastrojejunostomy",
"pos": [
32,
49
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0038351",
"name": "stomach",
"pos": [
62,
69
]
}
|
[ broncho-esophagoscopy and its significance for removal of foreign bodies from esophagus , larynx , trachea and bronchi ] .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0014873",
"name": "esophagoscopy",
"pos": [
10,
23
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0014876",
"name": "esophagus",
"pos": [
80,
89
]
}
|
peritoneoscopy with diaphragmatic inspection , peritoneal cytology , lymphography , and chest x-ray were routinely used in staging and restaging the patients .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0031150",
"name": "peritoneoscopy",
"pos": [
0,
14
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0031153",
"name": "peritoneal",
"pos": [
47,
57
]
}
|
the 125 radical neck dissections performed at the university of wisconsin clinical science center from 1970 through 1975 were carefully evaluated to determine the incidence of recurrent tumor in the operated-on neck .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0034542",
"name": "radical",
"pos": [
8,
15
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0027530",
"name": "neck",
"pos": [
211,
215
]
}
|
by means of techniques derived mainly from renal transplant surgical experience , several pathologic conditions of the renal artery , the kidney and the ureter have been made accessible to surgical therapy in the course of the past two decades .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0022671",
"name": "renal transplant",
"pos": [
43,
59
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0022646",
"name": "kidney",
"pos": [
138,
144
]
}
|
laparoscopic inspection revealed thickening of the peritoneum , diffuse patchy redness and diffusely increased small vascular injection .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0031150",
"name": "laparoscopic",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0031153",
"name": "peritoneum",
"pos": [
51,
61
]
}
|
the treatment dose of the antibiotic should be individually corrected for every patient with a transplanted organ with an account of kidney transplant function .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0022671",
"name": "transplanted",
"pos": [
95,
107
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0178784",
"name": "organ",
"pos": [
108,
113
]
}
|
aminoglutethimide offers a useful alternative to surgical adrenalectomy for women with advanced breast cancer responsive to previous endocrine and cytotoxic chemotherapy .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0001632",
"name": "adrenalectomy",
"pos": [
58,
71
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0014136",
"name": "endocrine",
"pos": [
133,
142
]
}
|
by laparoscopy , a search for chlamydia trachomatis , ureaplasma urealyticum , and other microbiologic agents was carried out in the peritoneum and tubes of 118 women divided into 3 groups .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0031150",
"name": "laparoscopy",
"pos": [
3,
14
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0031153",
"name": "peritoneum",
"pos": [
133,
143
]
}
|
the favorable results with its use make short tube decompressive jejunostomy a safe , acceptable method of decompressing dilated small bowel .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0022377",
"name": "jejunostomy",
"pos": [
65,
76
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0021853",
"name": "bowel",
"pos": [
135,
140
]
}
|
for surgical treatment several modifications of reversal operations from billroth ii to billroth i with reconstruction of duodenal passage have been developed .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0192444",
"name": "billroth ii",
"pos": [
73,
84
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0013303",
"name": "duodenal",
"pos": [
122,
130
]
}
|
endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography ( ercp ) showed changes of the pancreatic duct system compatible with chronic pancreatitis , a diagnosis which was confirmed by explorative laparotomy .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0008310",
"name": "endoscopic retrograde",
"pos": [
0,
21
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0030288",
"name": "pancreatic duct",
"pos": [
79,
94
]
}
|
they conlcude that therapeutic colonoscopy must be recognised as one of the most useful methods of diagnosis and treatment of some lesions of the rectum and colon .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0554063",
"name": "therapeutic colonoscopy",
"pos": [
19,
42
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009368",
"name": "colon",
"pos": [
157,
162
]
}
|
in the field of the transplantation of organs , there is a great need for an in vitro test of viability which would confirm that the organ was capable of performing its normal in vivo functions .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0029216",
"name": "transplantation",
"pos": [
20,
35
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0178784",
"name": "organ",
"pos": [
133,
138
]
}
|
in spite of its present problems , arthroplasty remains the procedure of choice in knees where the amount of articular damage contraindicates conservative surgery .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0003893",
"name": "arthroplasty",
"pos": [
35,
47
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0022417",
"name": "articular",
"pos": [
109,
118
]
}
|
while visualization by colonoscopy revealed abnormalities limited to the most distal 18-20 cm of the colon , microscopic abnormalities were frequently seen in more proximal locations .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0009378",
"name": "revealed",
"pos": [
35,
43
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009368",
"name": "colon",
"pos": [
101,
106
]
}
|
a radical neck dissection is not included as part of initial therapy unless there are clinically suspicious cervical nodes .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0034542",
"name": "radical neck dissection",
"pos": [
2,
25
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0027530",
"name": "cervical",
"pos": [
108,
116
]
}
|
after auxiliary liver transplantation in the rat , partial liver grafts ( 30 % of the liver ) were perfused with mesentericosplenic venous blood .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023911",
"name": "liver grafts",
"pos": [
59,
71
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
86,
91
]
}
|
in a community where cadaveric renal transplantation is the mainstay for the treatment of chronic renal failure a review of 1,000 prospective cadaveric renal donors shows that failure by the medical and surgical teams in the intensive care units to notify the transplant team every time of a potential donor is the major cause for the lack of donor organs .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0022671",
"name": "renal transplantation",
"pos": [
31,
52
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0022646",
"name": "renal",
"pos": [
152,
157
]
}
|
finally , pancreatitis , another complication of choledocholithiasis , is evaluated with ercp , showing the importance of reflux from the common bile duct into the pancreatic ducts in the etiology of this condition .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0008310",
"name": "ercp",
"pos": [
89,
93
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0030288",
"name": "pancreatic ducts",
"pos": [
164,
180
]
}
|
cardiac catheterization showed pulmonary hypertension in two cases in the absence of cardiac or pulmonary disease or metabolic disorders ;
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0018795",
"name": "cardiac catheterization",
"pos": [
0,
23
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0018787",
"name": "cardiac",
"pos": [
85,
92
]
}
|
because of the rapid polymerization of the tissue adhesive , localized occlusion of the splenic artery mimicking a surgical ligation can be achieved leaving the intrasplenic vessels patent .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023690",
"name": "ligation",
"pos": [
124,
132
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0005847",
"name": "vessels",
"pos": [
174,
181
]
}
|
cholecystectomy associated with the dearterialization had a striking effect on the incidence of intra-abdominal complications .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0008320",
"name": "cholecystectomy",
"pos": [
0,
15
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0230168",
"name": "intra-abdominal",
"pos": [
96,
111
]
}
|
the results of vitrectomy in fifty traumatized eyes were assessed , and six types of pathological change resulting from trauma identified .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0042903",
"name": "vitrectomy",
"pos": [
15,
25
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0015392",
"name": "eyes",
"pos": [
47,
51
]
}
|
[ periodic disease ; verification by laparoscopy of severe peritoneal vasodilatation during the crisis ; action of penthonium and of dihydroergotamine ] .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0031150",
"name": "laparoscopy",
"pos": [
37,
48
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0031153",
"name": "peritoneal",
"pos": [
59,
69
]
}
|
[ prevention & control of the uterus cancer ; colposcopy with a simple apparatus cytology & the control of the cervix ] .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0009417",
"name": "colposcopy",
"pos": [
46,
56
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0007874",
"name": "cervix",
"pos": [
111,
117
]
}
|
a study on the occurrence of pneumoperitoneum after gastroscopy and the observance of interstitial emphysema of the stomach .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0017195",
"name": "gastroscopy",
"pos": [
52,
63
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0038351",
"name": "stomach",
"pos": [
116,
123
]
}
|
[ laparoscopy , the method of choice for the diagnosis of diseases of the liver and peritoneum ] .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0031150",
"name": "laparoscopy",
"pos": [
2,
13
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0031153",
"name": "peritoneum",
"pos": [
84,
94
]
}
|
in 14 patients undergoing a reduction mammaplasty according to the method of strombeck , the skin circulation was measured in 25 breasts with laser doppler flowmetry ( ldf ) and fluorescein flowmetry ( ff ) .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0085076",
"name": "mammaplasty",
"pos": [
38,
49
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0006141",
"name": "breasts",
"pos": [
129,
136
]
}
|
the shortage of pediatric donor livers has stimulated the development of advanced surgical approaches such as partial liver transplantation , which produces the same results as whole organ replacement .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023911",
"name": "liver transplantation",
"pos": [
118,
139
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0178784",
"name": "organ",
"pos": [
183,
188
]
}
|
more recently , however , since our ptca technique has been improved so as to achieve sufficient dilatation of the stenosed coronary artery , there has been less tendency to immediate reinfarction after the procedure for acute myocardial infarction .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C2936173",
"name": "ptca",
"pos": [
36,
40
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0205042",
"name": "coronary artery",
"pos": [
124,
139
]
}
|
from january 1 , 1986 to july 30 , 1988 , 530 consecutive cadaver kidney transplantations were performed with patient selection by a point system that took into account time awaiting an organ , donor-recipient matching , degree of presensitization , and some less important factors .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0022671",
"name": "kidney",
"pos": [
66,
72
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0178784",
"name": "organ",
"pos": [
186,
191
]
}
|
liver transplantation has become a widely accepted form of therapy for many life-threatening liver illnesses .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023911",
"name": "liver transplantation",
"pos": [
0,
21
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
93,
98
]
}
|
however , survival after liver transplantation for laennec 's cirrhosis is comparable to survival after liver transplantation for other chronic , benign , and non-hbv related liver diseases .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023911",
"name": "liver transplantation",
"pos": [
25,
46
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
175,
180
]
}
|
at the present time , 40 of the pancreas grafts ( 44 % ) and 56 of the renal grafts ( 65 % ) of 90 patients who received both a pancreas and a kidney are still functioning .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0022671",
"name": "renal grafts",
"pos": [
71,
83
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0022646",
"name": "kidney",
"pos": [
143,
149
]
}
|
ptca has to be considered in order to avoid reocclusion of the infarct vessel , mainly in patients with high-grade residual stenosis and viable myocardium in the poststenotic area .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C2936173",
"name": "ptca",
"pos": [
0,
4
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0005847",
"name": "vessel",
"pos": [
71,
77
]
}
|
experience with radical neck dissection in the management of 426 patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0034542",
"name": "radical neck dissection",
"pos": [
16,
39
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0027530",
"name": "neck",
"pos": [
112,
116
]
}
|
[ on the efficiency of gastroscopy . analysis and comparison of endoscopic and bioptic examination results in stomach patients ] .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0017195",
"name": "gastroscopy",
"pos": [
23,
34
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0038351",
"name": "stomach",
"pos": [
110,
117
]
}
|
[ radical neck dissection and composite operations in the treatment of tumors of the head and neck ] .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0034542",
"name": "radical neck dissection",
"pos": [
2,
25
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0027530",
"name": "neck",
"pos": [
94,
98
]
}
|
the results achieved were successful and , although the series presented is small , the authors suggest that this technique should be further considered as an alternative to the more standard diversion techniques of colostomy in colonic resection , particularly where the integrity of the anastomosis is likely to be at risk , as in the anterior resection of the rectum and especially in lower anterior resection .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0009410",
"name": "colostomy",
"pos": [
216,
225
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009368",
"name": "colonic",
"pos": [
229,
236
]
}
|
this animal model duplicates the acute visual loss due to outer retinal infarction that sometimes occurs after closed vitrectomy or after continuous external ocular compression in preparation for surgery .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0042903",
"name": "vitrectomy",
"pos": [
118,
128
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0015392",
"name": "ocular",
"pos": [
158,
164
]
}
|
the case of a 23-year-old patient with malignant hypertension following a renal transplant illustrates the successful treatment of the hypertension with embolization of the native kidneys .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0022671",
"name": "renal",
"pos": [
74,
79
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0022646",
"name": "kidneys",
"pos": [
180,
187
]
}
|
colposcopy , colpocytology and sight biopsies of the cervical canal , portio and vagina , which provide a precise lesion-map , are then essential investigations to make the subsequent treatment a truly radical one .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0009417",
"name": "colposcopy",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0007874",
"name": "cervical canal",
"pos": [
53,
67
]
}
|
colposcopy , colpocytology and sight biopsies of the cervical canal , portio and vagina , which provide a precise lesion-map , are then essential investigations to make the subsequent treatment a truly radical one .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0009417",
"name": "colposcopy",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0042232",
"name": "vagina",
"pos": [
81,
87
]
}
|
colonoscopy has increasingly became a complementary method for colonic pathology in children , in comparison with adult medicine , however , pediatric indications have been handled mostly with the shorter instrument for two main reasons : 1 ) pediatric colonic pathology affects predominantely the lower tract ;
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0009378",
"name": "colonoscopy",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009368",
"name": "colonic",
"pos": [
253,
260
]
}
|
the subpectoral approach , better called retropectoral , in breast augmentation procedures has been used in 52 patients with either hypoplastic or ptoticatrophied breasts , with excellent results .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0191925",
"name": "breast augmentation",
"pos": [
60,
79
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0006141",
"name": "breasts",
"pos": [
163,
170
]
}
|
in 21 of the patients , stenosis was diagnosed during ercp by endoscopic calibration of the choledochal sphincter , delayed drainage of contrast material from the bile duct , or a dilated common duct with or without elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase level .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0008310",
"name": "ercp",
"pos": [
54,
58
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0005400",
"name": "bile duct",
"pos": [
163,
172
]
}
|
wrinkling of skin and a palpable implant edge in the superior quadrant were noticeable in some breast reconstructions following subcutaneous mastectomy but rarely in breasts reconstructed following mastectomy because the taut skin conformed to the implant .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0085076",
"name": "breast reconstructions",
"pos": [
95,
117
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0006141",
"name": "breasts",
"pos": [
166,
173
]
}
|
three to four weeks after surgery , the intraocular pressure was controlled ( less than or equal to 21 mm hg ) in 96 eyes by surgery alone and in three eyes by surgery and medication .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0038901",
"name": "eyes",
"pos": [
117,
121
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0015392",
"name": "eyes",
"pos": [
152,
156
]
}
|
in this study 12 patients with drug-resistant hypertension after renal transplantation had their own kidneys ablated by therapeutic embolisation .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0022671",
"name": "renal",
"pos": [
65,
70
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0022646",
"name": "kidneys",
"pos": [
101,
108
]
}
|
it is our hope that others will be alerted to this condition and look for it in patients with prostatism who undergo coronary bypass surgery , other types of cardiac surgery , and any condition where prostatism and hypotension are present and pressor agents are used in treatment .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0010055",
"name": "coronary",
"pos": [
117,
125
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0018787",
"name": "cardiac",
"pos": [
158,
165
]
}
|
we present a simple method for gastroscopy in the anesthetized rat using an implanted gastric cannula , a standard rigid arthroscope , and a newly designed valve system .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0017195",
"name": "gastroscopy",
"pos": [
31,
42
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0038351",
"name": "gastric",
"pos": [
86,
93
]
}
|
donor organs that are suitable for transplantation remain scarce , especially in view of the number of types of organ transplants now possible and the ever-increasing number of waiting recipients .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0029216",
"name": "transplantation",
"pos": [
35,
50
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0178784",
"name": "organ",
"pos": [
112,
117
]
}
|
atrial pacing before ptca showed ischemic dysfunction of the region supplied by the narrowed coronary artery .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C2936173",
"name": "ptca",
"pos": [
21,
25
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0205042",
"name": "coronary artery",
"pos": [
93,
108
]
}
|
in contrast , the injected anesthetics such as ketamine or pentobarbital sodium seem unsuited to laryngoscopic intubation as a result of problems of variable induction times , copious oral secretions , and strong pharyngeal-laryngeal reflexes .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0023072",
"name": "laryngoscopic",
"pos": [
97,
110
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0023078",
"name": "laryngeal",
"pos": [
224,
233
]
}
|
eight elbows required revision of the arthroplasty : three were post-traumatic , disorganised or osteoarthritic joints , three rheumatoid and both elbows in the patient with pyknodysostosis .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0003893",
"name": "arthroplasty",
"pos": [
38,
50
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0022417",
"name": "joints",
"pos": [
112,
118
]
}
|
these data indicate that ici 118630 initiates a castration-like endocrine response and has potential in the treatment of hormone dependent tumours of the breast and prostate .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0007344",
"name": "castration",
"pos": [
48,
58
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0014136",
"name": "endocrine",
"pos": [
64,
73
]
}
|
this table offers the additional benefits of being excellent for transurethral resection of the prostate , bladder tumors , litholapaxy , and cystoscopy as well as open bladder , prostate , trauma , and renal surgery .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0010702",
"name": "cystoscopy",
"pos": [
142,
152
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0005682",
"name": "bladder",
"pos": [
169,
176
]
}
|
after the oesophagoscopy , the integrity of the oesophagus must be controlled by a new x-ray transit .
|
procedure_has_target_anatomy
|
{
"id": "C0014873",
"name": "oesophagoscopy",
"pos": [
10,
24
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0014876",
"name": "oesophagus",
"pos": [
48,
58
]
}
|
based on the recommendations of a state task force report , it consists of a workshop that makes use of videotapes and learning exercises to help participants improve their listening skills , learn problem-solving techniques , become aware of behavioral signs that can alert them to victims ' emotional reactions , and familiarize them with the work of other relief agencies .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0023185",
"name": "learning",
"pos": [
119,
127
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0004448",
"name": "aware",
"pos": [
234,
239
]
}
|
no significant decrease in cell survival was noted after post-uv treatment with tpa or phorbol , under conditions where there was a slight but nonspecific inhibition of unscheduled dna repair synthesis .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0007620",
"name": "cell survival",
"pos": [
27,
40
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1511688",
"name": "inhibition of unscheduled dna",
"pos": [
155,
184
]
}
|
in the absence of protein synthesis after cell division , at least some polypeptides in the 45,000-75,000 mol wt range survive nuclear dispersal and subsequent reformation during mitosis .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
42,
55
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
179,
186
]
}
|
a multimodal behavioral conceptualization provides the vehicle for the systematic combined application of seemingly diverse individual approaches through monitoring and treating the basic id , an acronym for behavior , affect , sensation , imagery , cognition , interpersonal relationships , and drugs .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
13,
21
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
250,
259
]
}
|
self-perception theory predicts that the introduction of extrinsic rewards for behavior that was intrinsically rewarding may decrease rather than enhance overall motivation .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
79,
87
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
162,
172
]
}
|
this indicates that the expression of the genes coding for the rna and protein component of the ribosome are most likely regulated at the level of transcription .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
24,
34
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
147,
160
]
}
|
a comparison of several enzymes of energy metabolism in am and pm indicate that one basis for the differences in cell energetics is a difference in activity of key enzymes of both the oxidative phosphorlyative and the glycolytic sequences .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
35,
52
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolytic",
"pos": [
218,
228
]
}
|
these studies indicate that immunity to malaria is influenced by both cyclophosphamide alone ( general immunosuppression ) and cyclophosphamide in combination with antigen ( specific immunosuppression ) in a manner analogous to other immune responses .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
28,
36
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune responses",
"pos": [
234,
250
]
}
|
we outline the techniques used to successfully grow squamous cell carcinoma in tissue culture , and to test the cellular immunity of the patient by lymphocyte cytotoxicity studies .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cellular immunity",
"pos": [
112,
129
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0301896",
"name": "lymphocyte",
"pos": [
148,
158
]
}
|
evaluation of the immune response prior and during therapy revealed that patients who failed to convert a negative purified protein derivative ( ppd ) reaction and those having a low stimulation ratio of lymphocyte cultures had rapidly progressive disease and short survival .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
18,
33
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0024262",
"name": "stimulation",
"pos": [
183,
194
]
}
|
in isolated tissue fragments of riella cultured in continuous light , p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid ( pcib ) strongly accelerates the polar cell divisions without changing the time of onset of the first nuclear divisions and totally inhibits the formation of unicellular rhizoids .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
131,
134
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1155789",
"name": "nuclear divisions",
"pos": [
204,
221
]
}
|
in a circular experimental pool the behaviour of trained juvenile carp placed in naive schools of different size and of different behavioural motivation was studied .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
36,
45
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
142,
152
]
}
|
flashbackers may be characterized by ( 1 ) their variability ( large sd ) on perceptual-behavioural tasks pointing to their extensive cognitive or interpretive repertoire , ( 2 ) they are minimizers ( or reducers ) of sensory input ( particularly at the peak of a hallucinogenic drug experience ) , ( 3 ) as a group they display high resting heart rates , ( 4 ) are hypnotizable and experience ) , ( 3 ) as group they display high resting heart rates , ( 4 ) are hypnotizable and hence ( 5 ) prefer righ cerebral hemispheric cognition , ( 6 ) displaying eeg-alpha dominance in the resting , waking state .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioural",
"pos": [
88,
99
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
525,
534
]
}
|
[ circadian rhythm of cell division and mitosis duration in the root meristem of the common pea under normal conditions and under the influence of thyroxine ] .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
22,
35
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
40,
47
]
}
|
behavioral testing , however , also appears to have attributes that dictate a thoughtful approach to its role as a method for assessing risk , and additional research is needed to obtain usable techniques .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thoughtful",
"pos": [
78,
88
]
}
|
the homes for special care program offers privately run but government-funded accommodation for severely disabled patients with relatively stable and socially acceptable behaviour , who require residential or nursing care but are thought unlikely to benefit from further hospital treatment .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
170,
179
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
230,
237
]
}
|
in a bisexual population from australia , gametogenesis was by normal meiosis and reproduction by amphimixis .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017001",
"name": "gametogenesis",
"pos": [
42,
55
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0025186",
"name": "meiosis",
"pos": [
70,
77
]
}
|
and ( 3 ) in infants with normal lungs , vt and ttot increase ( f ) in association with high paco2 , breathing pattern being entirely controlled via changes in the timing mechanism , the inspiratory drive remaining unaltered .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
101,
110
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
187,
198
]
}
|
introduction of these rpob mutations into mutant strains which terminate transcription abnormally at the trp operon attenuator established that the rpob mutations alter trp operon expression by increasing or decreasing transcription termination at the attenuator .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
73,
86
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
219,
232
]
}
|
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