Hennara/MedRAG_contents · Datasets at Hugging Face

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0bd4c115-3b7e-4e51-b9fd-8ef5814e82be	2	Three comments are made on this case - two by psychiatrists, Dr K Davison and Dr Ashley Robin, the other by a professor of Christian ethics, Professor F C Blackie.
0bd4c115-3b7e-4e51-b9fd-8ef5814e82be	3	Both psychiatrists argue that when a patient's mind is affected by mental or organic illness to the degree that 'he cannot bring a rational and conscious mind' to the question of his treatment then the doctor, in consultation with the relatives, making clear to them the likely course of events if an operation is not performed, must take whatever is the proper course of action, in this case surgery. In this view, such an operation performed immediately the diagnosis was confirmed might not have been so complicated.
0bd4c115-3b7e-4e51-b9fd-8ef5814e82be	4	Professor Blackie, commending 'the attempt to regard the patient as a responsible human being' with a 'moral right to be consulted on all aspects of treatment', questions in this patient the limits to which the appeal to reason was carried. He concludes that 'in this situation the advice and consent of the family must weigh more heavily than the statements of the patient'.
edfd1b77-3b08-45d8-98be-364041738a77	0	Calcium-potassium-stimulated net potassium efflux from human erythrocyte ghosts. In the presence of 8 mM external Ca++, the K+ permeability of human red cell ghosts increases provided K+ is also present in the medium. This increase does not represent K+/K+ exchange but a stimulation of net K+ efflux.
edfd1b77-3b08-45d8-98be-364041738a77	1	The stimulation is half-maximal at 0.7 +/- 0.15 mM (n=5). At concentrations above 4.0 mM, external K+ inhibits net K+ efflux. Similar stimulatory and inhibitory effects of external K were also observed in intact cells after exposure to Pb++ or to Ca++ in the presence of fluoride, iodoacetate plus adenosine, or propranolol, suggesting that a common K+ -activated K+ -specific transfer system may be involved under all of these various circumstances.
edfd1b77-3b08-45d8-98be-364041738a77	2	Internal K+ also stimulates net K+ efflux from ghosts, but it is uncertain whether internal K+ is an absolute requirement for the K+ permeability increase. In contrast to external Na+ which slightly stimulates K+ efflux, internal Na+ inhibits. The inhibition by internal Na+ is abolished by sufficiently high concentrations of external K+, showing that K+ binding to the outer membrane surface and Na+ binding to the internal surface are mutually interdependent.
edfd1b77-3b08-45d8-98be-364041738a77	3	In red cell ghosts the Ca++ -K+ -stimulated net K+ efflux increases with increasing pH until a plateau is reached between pH 7.2 and 8.0. In fluoride-poisoned intact cells, the Ca++-K+ stimulated flux passes through a maximum around pH 6.8. Neither internal nor external Mg++ interferes with the combined effects of Ca++ and K+.
edfd1b77-3b08-45d8-98be-364041738a77	4	Similarly, external EDTA has no influence at concentrations which are far lower than the Ca++ concentration required to produce a maximal response. In contrast, low concentrations of internal EDTA prevent the permeability change.
79a35254-9351-4264-9e3d-1ba6488836e6	0	Analog circuit of the Acetabularia membrane. The high membrane potential of Acetabularia (Em=-170mV) is due to an electrogenic pump in parallel with the passive diffusion system (Ed=-80mV) which could be studied separately in the cold, when the pump is blocked. Electrical measurements under normal conditions show that the pump pathway consists of its electromotive force Ep with two elements P1 and P2 in series;
79a35254-9351-4264-9e3d-1ba6488836e6	1	P2 is shunted by a large capacitance (Cp=3mF cm-2). The nonlinear current-voltage relationship of P1 (light- and temperature-sensitive) could be determined separately; it reflects the properties of a carrier-mediated electrogenic pump. The value of Ep(-190 mV) indicates a stoichiometry of 2:
79a35254-9351-4264-9e3d-1ba6488836e6	2	1 between electrogenically transported charges and ATP. The electrical energy normally stored in Cp, compares well with the metabolic energy, stored in the ATP pool. The nonlinear current-voltage relationship of P2 (attributed to phosphorylating reactions) is also sensitive to light and temperature and is responsible for the region of negative conductance of the overall current-voltage relationship.
79a35254-9351-4264-9e3d-1ba6488836e6	3	The power of the pump (1 muW cm-2) amounts to some percent of the total energy turnover. The high Cl- fluxes (1 nmol cm-2 sec-1) and the electrical properties of the plasmalemma are not as closely related as assumed previously. For kinetic reasons, a direct and specific Cl- pathway between the vacuole and outside is postulated to exist.
2a3e7fda-1b02-433d-bbce-84061278fc11	0	Nigericin-induced charge transfer across membranes. The electric properties of the bilayer lecithin membranes have been studied in the presence of the antibiotic nigericin. When the antibiotic concentration is about 10(-7) ohm-1 cm-2. The potassium ion concentration gradient gives rise to a transmembrane potential of the order of 40 mV per 10-fold concentration gradient with the side of the higher potassium concentration negative.
2a3e7fda-1b02-433d-bbce-84061278fc11	1	The transmembrane potential produced by the hydrogen ion concentration gradient is a function of the potassium ion concentration which is equal on both sides of the membrane. For low potassium ion concentrations the hydrogen potential has the expected polarity with the solution having higher concentration of protons negative. For potassium ion concentrations exceeding 0.03
2a3e7fda-1b02-433d-bbce-84061278fc11	2	M the hydrogen potential has the reverse polarity. This unexpected result cannot be accounted for in terms of the available simple hypotheses about the charge transport mechanism for nigericin in BLM. In order to account for the experimental results obtained, a theoretical approach has been developed based on the assumption that charge is transported across the membrane by nigericin dimers.
2a3e7fda-1b02-433d-bbce-84061278fc11	3	The theoretical predicitons are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The model also yields some predictions which may be verified in future experiments.
93bd0608-56c8-4402-a965-35bf02974b12	0	Reactions of aminomalononitrile with electrophiles. Aminomalononitrile (HCN trimer) reacts with electrophiles such as aldehydes and acrylonitrile under very mild conditions of temperature and pH to produce intermediates which, after acid hydrolysis, yield amino acids. The following amino acids have been identified and quantitated: glycine, D, L-erythro- and D, L-threo-beta - hydroxyaspartic acids, D, L glutamic acid, and D, L-threonine and allo-threonine. The mechanism of their formation and the possible significance of these reactions in prebiotic syntheses are discussed.
aed96b49-d6e1-48cd-9586-8cb31c6fb75b	0	[Diagnosis and therapy of primary defects of immunity (author's transl)]. Immunological responses are divided into those mediated by humoral antibody (B-Cells) and those by cells (T-Cells). Both depend upon the activity of small lymphocytes which become thymus or bursa analogue dependent during embryonic development.
aed96b49-d6e1-48cd-9586-8cb31c6fb75b	1	Primary immundeficiencies are therefor defects of lymphocytes attributed in most cases to gene defects. Early diagnosis is the necessary prerequisit for possible treatment. Tests for assessing the cellular immune status are: skin testes and in vitro tests. Clinical syndroms are: lymphocytopenia, hypoplasia, deficiency of lymphocytes in lymphatic tissues normal cortical germinal centres.
aed96b49-d6e1-48cd-9586-8cb31c6fb75b	2	Recurrent infections with viruses, candida or pneumocystis carinii are common. Tests for assesing the humoral immune status are: measurement of immunglobulin levels in serum, isohaemagglutinins, tests for antibody formation following active immunization, in vitro tests. Clinical syndroms are: no germinal centres in lymphnodes, no plasma cells.
aed96b49-d6e1-48cd-9586-8cb31c6fb75b	3	Recurrent bacterial infections. Treatment of B-cell deficiencies: immunglobulin replacement therapy. Treatment of T-cell deficiencies by grafting of thymus transplants. Combined immune deficiencies are treated with bone marrow transplants from matched donors. For bone marrow transplantation germfree state seems to be the ideal situation to protect the patient against infection before the therapeutic maneuver and for prevention of graft versus host reaction in the posttransplantation period.
3cf86462-5f7f-4442-8636-a4030f2e7ae5	0	[Effect of the chronic action of small doses of ionizing radiation of the excretion of gaseous metabolic products in albino rats]. White rats were kept in sealed chambers for 3 months and were exposed to chronic gamma-irradiation (100 mur/day). The effect of the exposure on the excretion of some metabolites--ammonia, acetone, carbon monoxide, phenol and organic substances measured by their oxidability--was studied.
3cf86462-5f7f-4442-8636-a4030f2e7ae5	1	Under the influence of low doses of gamma-irradiation the excretion of acetone and organic substances decreased, whereas that of carbon monoxide, phenol and ammonia increased. Possible mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed.
a146e703-c616-4539-96a1-8b63739a9a7c	0	[Effect of hyperoxia and hypokinesia on the formation and excretion of gaseous metabolic products in rats]. It has been shown experimentally that a 30-day exposure of white rats to hypokinesia and moderate hyperoxia decreases elimination of ammonia and increases the formation and release into an enclosed atmosphere of carbon monoxide, aldehydes and ketones. The level of metabolism of prophyrin and nitrogen containing compounds as well as of fats and carbohydrates is higher during a combined effect of hypokinesia and moderate hyperoxia than during their separate influences.
fe4a2cb2-1700-4b8e-acf7-04e6e25734b4	0	[Sorption method of water regeneration for cosmonaut personal hygiene]. The paper describes sanitary-hygienic and technological investigations aimed at development of the sorption method of water reclamation for personal hygiene needs of cosmonauts from wash water. Catamine-AB was used as a detergent with bactericidal properties. Manned experiments helped to identify the conditions that provided an adequate cleaning of skin and simultaneous sterilization of wash water. The technology of wash water purification was developed, proper sorbents were selected and recommended values of their use were established.
35b438f4-6abf-4191-a2f5-d72fbe72c31b	0	Plasma glucose in miniature swine infused with ethanol and fructose. Hypoglycemia resulting from intragastric infusion of ethanol in miniature swine was counteracted by simultaneous infusion of fructose. The magnitude and time of peak plasma ethanol concentrations were functions of the quantity of ethanol or ethanol and fructose.
4893a639-fac7-4518-9ff4-9553a33876bc	0	[Effect of a magnetic field on Escherichia coli]. The decontaminating effect of the pulsing magnetic field on the E. coli infected reclaimed water was studied on two installations. The magnetic field intensity was 500 and 1000-1500 ersted and the microbial load was 1, 10 and 100 thous. microbial units per 1 ml. It was found that the magnetic treatment of water had a noticeable bactericidal effect. This indicated that the method can be used for decontamination of reclaimed water.
63643805-1985-4311-a424-5d17d901fab2	0	Dietary caffeine and alcohol consumption by rats. The alcohol consumption of malnourished rats increased slowly but substantially during a 4-week period in which caffeine was added to their marginally adequate diet. Consumption fell to precaffeine levels as soon as caffeine was withdrawn.
f2f250e6-21d7-4c9e-9158-df637ba1f769	0	Effect of taurine on ethanol-induced sleeping time in mice. The CNS-depressant effect of ethanol was markedly reduced in mice by simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of taurine.
4c8af41f-18a6-4e35-9105-de7d7745e091	0	[Urine conservation by surface-active agents]. The antibacterial activity of surface-active substances -- catamine-AB, catapine B-300, GIPH-200 and Tego-51 was measured on the E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus cultures and anthracoid spores. The purpose of the measurements was to explore the use of the substances as urine conserving agents.
4c8af41f-18a6-4e35-9105-de7d7745e091	1	Catamine-AB showed the highest antibacterial activity. Anthracoid spores exhibited the highest resistance to the substances; staphylococci were less resistant than E. coli. Investigations of the effectiveness of urine conservation demonstrated that catamine-AB at a concentration of 0.1% killed all Staph. aureus and E. coli.
4c8af41f-18a6-4e35-9105-de7d7745e091	2	Therefore, it can be recommended as a urine conserving agent.
5b6f0933-fdd5-44e7-8f96-6eb56fd13481	0	Blood alcohol level discrimination by nonalcoholics. The role of internal and external cues. Men were trained to estimate their blood alcohol levels, after drinks of different strengths, by means of internal or external cues or both. All groups improved in estimation accuracy but the type of training made no difference.
f8fc287f-f088-4c43-864e-8b187fb1f969	0	Alcohol and backward masking of visual information. Alcohol increased the time necessary to transfer information from the initial sensory information storage system into the short-term memory system.
cf1d6df8-614e-4e6c-b86c-a6039ddc33fe	0	Recovery of verbal short-term memory in alcoholics. When given a short-term memory distractor test on the day after admission to the hospital in an intoxicated state, the performance of older alcoholic patients was significantly worse than that of younger alcoholics and on a par with that of alcoholic Korsakoff patients. One month later, however, the older patients' performance was comparable to that of the other alcoholics.
3d3abcd9-1952-46f9-97ca-1309be6996d1	0	Group therapy and changes in the self-concept of alcoholics. One group of alcoholics received closed-group encounter therapy, and another, open elective group therapy. The closed-group encounter therapy was superior in elevating self-concept.
65598bd2-71b6-40d7-8af6-dcd314e40763	0	Alcoholism, hopelessness and suicidal behavior. A study of alcoholic and nonalcoholic suicide attempters indicated that hopelessness was the key determinant of suicidal intent in both groups.
520081df-20cf-4511-bf06-2520667fbcd0	0	An application of anomy theory to the study of alcoholism. In a study of 442 alcoholics, a positive relationship between the development of anomy and the development of alcoholism was found.
15c80a36-d3a1-4482-babc-9e778869ee38	0	Drinking behavior in laboratory and barroom settings. Barroom patrons consumed their drinks in significantly less time and with fewer sips than subjects observed in a laboratory. The former most often drank beer while the latter preferred mixed drinks.
3b8c1d32-2111-42ce-81e7-851febe47a98	0	Effect of role empathy on human figures drawn by women alcoholics. Drawings by women alcoholics of the self, a murderer, the murderer's victim and victim's parent revealed conscious and unconscious identification with the depicted roles.
92432a21-5d75-44f5-bd39-e403658c84c2	0	The Cornell Medical Index as an adjunct to paraprofessional evaluation of alcohol addiction. The Cornell Medical Index may prove a significant aid to paraprofessional personnel in recognizing alcoholics in need of medical attention.
78019b61-a31c-4f32-8ccc-0d9040ffcb07	0	Surgical management of severe aortic coarctation and interrupted aortic arch in neonates. Forty-four infants, 2 to 90 days of age, with severe obstructive lesions of the aortic arch, underwent emergency surgical correction between Jan. 1, 1966, and April 1, 1975. The typical clinical presentation was severe congestive heart failure and acidemia.
78019b61-a31c-4f32-8ccc-0d9040ffcb07	1	Resection of an aortic coarctation with end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 31 patients. Eight (26 per cent) died after the operation. Since 1969, the mortality rate has been reduced to 14 per cent (3 of 22 patients) even though the incidence of major associated cardiac lesions has remained essentially constant (56 per cent from 1966 through 1969, 64 per cent from 1970 through March, 1975).
78019b61-a31c-4f32-8ccc-0d9040ffcb07	2	This suggests that the higher survival rate has resulted from improved surgical techniques and postoperative care. The mortality rate in the infants operated upon during the second and third months of life was twice as high as that in those operated upon before the age of 1 month. Eight patients with Type A interrupted aortic arch were operated upon and 5 survived.
78019b61-a31c-4f32-8ccc-0d9040ffcb07	3	Five patients with Type B aortic arch were operated upon and 3 survived.
31143ce2-fa9e-4cd8-9db6-9445224afabe	0	Pharmacological analysis of the adrenergic control of the cerebral circulation. The adrenergic control of the cerebral circulation was subjected to pharmacological analysis. The status of the cerebral circulation was assessed using radioisotope, electromagnetic and resistographic methods. EEG, ECG and arterial pressure were recorded. The acid-base equilibrium and oxygen tension were measured in the arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
31143ce2-fa9e-4cd8-9db6-9445224afabe	1	The experiments showed that the sympathetic innervation plays an important role in controlling cerebral circulation and in the development of cerebrovascular disorders. This was indicated by the constriction of intracranial arteries induced by noradrenaline, stimulation of sympathetic nerves, reflex sympathetic activations and the effect of potassium chloride on the centrol nervous system.
31143ce2-fa9e-4cd8-9db6-9445224afabe	2	The pharmacological study demonstrated that constriction of the intracranial vessels is brought about by an activation of the sympatho-adrenal system which is mediated via alpha-adrenoreceptors of cerebral blood vessels.
9eb40f03-807e-4334-b839-ae38f19f80d6	0	Cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in swine. In incubation studies with swine tissue slices, acetate-1-14C or glucose-U-14C as substrates were incorporated more readily into fatty acids and cholesterol in adipose tissue than other tissues tested. Cholesterol and fatty acid synthesizing acitivity was substantial in the small intestine.
9eb40f03-807e-4334-b839-ae38f19f80d6	1	When acetate was available, liver, small intestine, and adipose tissue were important sites for cholesterol synthesis. Heart and aortic tissue had marginal levels of cholesterol synthesizing ability. Lipogenesis in adult swine liver, heart, and aortic tissue was extremely low. As in tissue slices, incorporation of acetyl-1-14C CoA into fatty acids by adipose homogenates indicated high lipogenic activity.
9eb40f03-807e-4334-b839-ae38f19f80d6	2	Subcellular fractionations of heart and aortic tissue indicated that the heart microsomal fraction had the highest lipogenic activity as measured by the incroporation of acetyl-4-14C CoA into fatty acids. In adult swine adipose tissue, the incorporation of glucose-U-14C into fatty acid was higher than its incorporation into glyceride-glycerol.
9eb40f03-807e-4334-b839-ae38f19f80d6	3	The synthesis of glyceride-glycerol from glucose-U-14C or acetate-1-14C in liver was higher than for fatty acid synthesis. The acitivity of acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, citrate cleavage enzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphat-malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was considerably higher in adipose tissue than in other tissues tested, paralleling its high lipogenic capacity.
9c5f4971-e035-4f23-a6c0-968971ac73f2	0	Insulin receptors of skeletal muscle: specific insulin binding sites and demonstration of decreased numbers of sites in obese rats. A membrane preparation was obtained from rat striated muscle. The preparation used has been shown to contain plasma membranes by electron microscopy as well as by enrichment in specific activity of both a plasma membrane enzyme "marker" (5'-nucleotidase) and cell surface 125I-incorporated radioactivity.
9c5f4971-e035-4f23-a6c0-968971ac73f2	1	The characteristics of 125I-insulin binding to this striated muscle preparation were studied, and it was found that 125I-insulin readily and specifically binds to this membrane preparation. The binding reaction was time, pH, and temperature dependent with optimal steady-state binding conditions occurring at 20 degrees C and at pH 7.6
9c5f4971-e035-4f23-a6c0-968971ac73f2	2	. Under these conditions (20 degrees C, pH 7.6) skeletal muscle plasma membranes displayed little ability to degrade insulin. Binding of 125I-insulin was readily inhibited at physiologic concentrations of unlabeled insulin and the specificity of this receptor for insulin was demonstrated by finding that high concentrations of glucagon, b-LH, b-FSH, p-PRL, hCG, TSH, and HGH were without effect on 125I-insulin binding and that insulin analogues inhibited binding in proportion to their biologic activity.
9c5f4971-e035-4f23-a6c0-968971ac73f2	3	When membranes from older, fatter rats were compared to membranes from younger, lean animals, 5'-nucleotidase specific activity and insulin degrading activity were found to be comparable. On the other hand, insulin binding to membrane receptors was decreased 30%-40% in the older, fatter animals.
9c5f4971-e035-4f23-a6c0-968971ac73f2	4	Thus, these studies indicate that (1) specific insulin receptors exist in skeletal muscle plasma membranes, and (2) membranes from older, fatter rats have fewer receptors than those from younger, lean animals.
49cf0195-4b10-4389-a0db-fcc376e3fa2e	0	The role of potassium in the control of ammonium excretion during starvation. Administration of KC1 0.5 mmol/kg/day to subjects undergoin prolonged starvation reduced daily urinary ammonium and beta-hydroxybutyrate excretion by one-third. These changes were accompanied by an improvement in potassium balance and an increased rate of chloride excretion.
49cf0195-4b10-4389-a0db-fcc376e3fa2e	1	A similar fall in ammonium excretion occurred in a second group of subjects after administration of KHCO3 0.5 mmol/kg/day. Ketone body and bicarbonate excretion remained unchanged in this group while potassium balance improved. In both the first and second groups urine pH fell significantly as the rate of excretion of urinary buffer (ammonium) decreased.
49cf0195-4b10-4389-a0db-fcc376e3fa2e	2	When the dose of KHCO3 was increased to 1.5-2.0 mmol/kg/day in fasting subjects, the urine was alkalinized, and ammonium excretion fell to negligible levels, resulting in nitrogen sparing of 2.0 g/day. The results indicate that one-half of the increase in ammonium excretion observed in starvation is due to potassium deficiency.
49cf0195-4b10-4389-a0db-fcc376e3fa2e	3	Nitrogen wastage caused by losses of urinary ammonium during starvation can be virtually eliminated by potassium supplementation and urinary alkalinization. The decrease in beta-hydroxybutyrate excretion after potassium chloride administration was not caused by a fall in the rate of nonionic diffusion of this organic acid related to the reduction in urine pH.
49cf0195-4b10-4389-a0db-fcc376e3fa2e	4	The reason for the fall in beta-hydroxybutyrate excretion is not apparent, though it was associated with an increase in chloride excretion.
5a4d99ba-d6d4-4228-9750-8b56d2bd682f	0	Lactic acidosis: an experimental model. A model of spontaneous lactic acidosis was developed in alloxan diabetic rabbits by infusing intravenously beta-hydroxybutyric acid followed by a continuous infusion of NaHCO3. In half of the animals, the arterial lactate/pyruvate ratio rose from 2.5 mM/0.19mM to 20.4 mM/0.28
5a4d99ba-d6d4-4228-9750-8b56d2bd682f	1	mM, and arterial pH fell to 7.16. In animals with lactic acidosis, the calculated ratio in blood of NAD/NADH was 1437 +/- 230, versus a normal value of 6754 +/- 1250. Both arterial PO2 and blood pressure were normal. Continued infusion of NaHCO3 led to increased blood lactate levels, with cardiorespiratory arrest in 36% of animals.
5a4d99ba-d6d4-4228-9750-8b56d2bd682f	2	Lactic acidosis did not develop in normal rabbits who were similarly treated. It is concluded that spontaneous lactic acidosis can be produced in diabetic, but not in normal, rabbits by infusion of beta-hydroxybutric acid followed by infusion of NaHCO3.
974c73f7-ca8a-4f8d-8cfc-25fbef428f72	0	[Effect of the nitrogen source in the medium on the activity of glutamine synthetase in Candida tropicalis and on the kinetics of the enzymatic reaction of glutamine synthesis]. The effect of various nitrogen sources (L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine, and ammonium sulphate) on the synthetase and transferase activity of glutamine synthetase was studied in Candida tropicalis.
974c73f7-ca8a-4f8d-8cfc-25fbef428f72	1	These nitrogen sources had different effect on the two activity of the enzyme. Glutamic acid or ammonium sulphate did not produce any considerable action on the kinetic properties of glutamine synthetase of this fodder yeast.
77423cd6-5833-47a9-b625-f36ff7956fef	0	[Effect of cultivation conditions on cell composition of Pseudomonas methanolica]. The effect of cultivation conditions on the ocmposition of polymers was studied in the cells of Pseudomonas methanolica, BKM B-1131. The economic coefficient was high and the composition of polymers was normal if the growth was limited by methanol deficiency and the flow rate was low (D = 0.1 hr-1). The composition of the cells did not change but the economic coefficient decreased (0.12--0.21) if the growth was inhibited by pH.
de7e22bf-7729-4a8b-ad4e-e018230b2859	0	[Production of glycolic acid by the cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa]. The maximum production of glycolic acid by the cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, strain S-39, was found when the cells, grown at the content of carbon dioxide of 2% in the air and illumination of 2000 lx, were transferred to 10(-3) M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0
de7e22bf-7729-4a8b-ad4e-e018230b2859	1	) with barbotage by pure oxygen and illumination of 30,000 lx. The rate of production of glycolic acid during the first five minutes is the same in the light and darkness; later no glycolate is formed in the darkness while in the light glycolate is formed at a lower rate.
de7e22bf-7729-4a8b-ad4e-e018230b2859	2	Bicarbonate inhibits production of glycolate. Negative interaction has been established between oxygen and bicarbonate during their effect on the production of glycolic acid. These data confirm the production of glycolic acid in the cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa from ribulose diphosphate which is oxidized by molecular oxygen with the participation of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase acting as an oxygenase.
8cb372bc-a70f-44c5-9431-3144e3021902	0	[Interrelationship between the intestinal microflora of lackey moth, brown-tail moth and the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis]. The interrelationship between the intestine microflora of lackey moth (Malacosoma neustria L.), brown-tail moth (Nygmia phaeorrhoea L.) and entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Berl.), Bac. thuringiensis var.
8cb372bc-a70f-44c5-9431-3144e3021902	1	galleriea, and Bac. thuringiensis KR3 was studied in vitro. Various organisms of the intestine microflora of lackey moth display bacteriostatic action towards Bac. thuringiensis var. galleriea and Bac. thuringiensis KR3 which is not typical of the microflora of brown-tail moth that manifests mainly the batericidal action.
8cb372bc-a70f-44c5-9431-3144e3021902	2	Yeast cultures have been isolated from the intestines of lackey moth; the cultures stimulated growth of the studied entomopathogenic bacterial test cultures. Therefore, weak virulent action of Bac. thuringiensis towards brown-tail moth, as compared to its action on lackey moth, may be due to the bactericidal properties of some intestine microorganisms of brown-tail moth, and also the absence in their intestines of microorganisms stimulating growth of the entomopathogenic bacteria.
ce0c6119-96af-46a0-90df-bd95847c79a6	0	[Photoinduced reduction of NAD(P) in the cells of green sulfur bacteria]. The spectrum of a photoinduced increase in luminescence of the cells of the gree sulphur bacterium Chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum, within the range of 400 to 520 nm, was found to correspond to the spectrum of luminescence of NADH in the protein-bound form.
ce0c6119-96af-46a0-90df-bd95847c79a6	1	Photoinduced reduction of NAD(P) in green bacteria, contrary to purple bacteria, is not susceptible to the action of p-chlorocarbonylcyanide phenlhydrazone which uncouples photophosphorylation. Therefore, in Chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum, NAD(P) is reduced by direct non-cyclic transport of electrons via the photosynthetic chain. NAD(P)H is utilized mainly in the system of CO2 fixation;
ce0c6119-96af-46a0-90df-bd95847c79a6	2	the process is inhibited by fluoroacetate, and the inhibition is eliminated by substrates of the cycle of carboxylic acids.
d55953e9-d68f-4cf3-9e36-58dce492e4b0	0	[Production of lecithinase by Bacillus thuringiensis]. The activity of lecithaniase was determined in 24 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis on four growth media. The highest accumulation of lecithinase was found on the Hottinger medium containing 0.5% of glucose and 0.56% of sodium bicarbonate. Lecithinase appears at the logarithmic growth phase, and its activity is maximal after 10 hours of growth (at the beginning of the stationary phase).
d55953e9-d68f-4cf3-9e36-58dce492e4b0	1	Biosynthesis and accumulation of lecithinase occur at pH 6.0 to 9.0. Lecithinase was purified by salting out with ammonium sulphate (75% saturation). Lecithinase is a thermolabile protein; it is stable within pH range of 3.0 to 9.0 and is resistant to the action of trypsin and 8M urea.
b01e9849-dc17-47b1-b4e9-af82e1d1fe98	0	Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pneumococci relatively insensitive to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. Penicillin-insensitive pneumococci, of 10 serotypes, which had been isolated in Australia and New Guinea from healthy carriers and patients with pneumococcal infections, were shown to be relatively resistant to penicillin G, penicillin V, methicillin, cloxacillin, cephaloridine and cephalothin, compared with pneumococci fully sensitive to penicillin G.
b01e9849-dc17-47b1-b4e9-af82e1d1fe98	1	Most penicillin-insensitive pneumococci either were fully sensitive to ampicillin or showed a slight decrease in sensitivity. The size of inoculum, measured in viable units, had little effect on the minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin G; this applied to both penicillin-insensitive and penicillin-sensitive pneumococci. In bacterial tests, the minimal bactericidal concentration of penicillin G either equalled or exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration.
88637d7f-e897-4dd1-831a-635f4d99496a	0	Restriction and modification in B. subtilis. Purification and general properties of a restriction endonuclease from strain R. All Bacillus subtilis R-type strains showing the phenomena of restriction and modification contain an endonuclease that inactivates in vitro the biological activity of a variety of DNAs lacking R-specific modification, such as transfecting SPPI, SPO2 and phi105 DNA, and transforming B.
88637d7f-e897-4dd1-831a-635f4d99496a	1	subtilis 168-type DNA. The corresponding DNAs carrying R-specific modification are resistant to the enzyme. The enzyme has been purified approximately 400-fold and is essentially free from contaminating double strand-directed unspecific exo- or endonuclease activity. Only Mg2+ is required as cofactor. The substrate DNAs are cleaved at specific sites.
88637d7f-e897-4dd1-831a-635f4d99496a	2	The double-stranded fragments produced from SPP1 DNA (molecular weight 2.5 x 10(7)) have an average molecular weight of about 3 x 10(5).
5c8bd4e3-4567-45a3-8276-f96d4044dc2e	0	Myo-inositol oxygenase from oat seedlings. Enzyme preparations from oat seedlings showing the activity of myo-inositol oxygenase (E.C.1.13.99.1) have been described previously. In contrast to myo-inositol oxygenase preparations from other sources, e.g. rat kidney or yeast, the oat enzyme seemed to exhibit a somewhat less stringent activity, acting on other inositols and inositol methyl ethers as well as on myo-inositol.
5c8bd4e3-4567-45a3-8276-f96d4044dc2e	1	By purification of the enzyme present in the extract from oat seedlings with the help of an affinity gel specific for enzymes acting on myo-inositol a homogeneous enzyme preparation was obtained, which shows the same strict specificity as the myo-inositol oxygenase from other sources. It has a molecular weight of 62,000 and tends to aggregate to oligomers (up to tetramers) under physiological pH-values;
5c8bd4e3-4567-45a3-8276-f96d4044dc2e	2	in more alkaline media dissociation to monomers is observed. The action on the other inositols and inositol methyl ethers is apparently due to one or more other enzymes, which are also adsorbed on the affinity gel, but can be separated from the myo-inositol oxygenase by elution with increasing concentrations of myo-inositol.
e81e8ef4-cbc4-4535-8d08-1e4aa5f95177	0	The uptake and extrusion of monovalent cations by isolated heart mitochondria. The factors involved in the movement of monovalent cations across the inner membrane of the isolate heart mitochondrion are reviewed. The evidence suggests that the energy-dependent uptake of K+ and Na+ which results in swelling of the matrix is an electrophoretic response to a negative internal potential.
e81e8ef4-cbc4-4535-8d08-1e4aa5f95177	1	There are no clear cut indications that this electrophoretic cation movement is carrier-mediated and possible modes of entry which do not require a carrier are examined. The evidence also suggests that the monovalent cation for proton exchanger (Na+ greater than K+) present in the membrane may participate in the energy-dependent extrusion of accumulated ions.
e81e8ef4-cbc4-4535-8d08-1e4aa5f95177	2	The two processes, electrophoreti c cation uptake (swelling) and exchange-dependent cation extrusion (contraction) may represent a means of controlling the volume of the mitochondrion within the functioning cell. A number of indications point to the possibility that the volume control process may be mediated by the divalent cations Ca+2 and Mg+2.
e81e8ef4-cbc4-4535-8d08-1e4aa5f95177	3	Studies with mercurial reagents also implicate certain membrane thiol groups in the postulated volume control process.
542b3ece-c515-42f3-a3cf-cf1012eac670	0	[Acid-alkaline equilibrium of the ferri-leg-hemoglobin of the lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) Spectral studies]. Influence of pH was studied on the absorption spectra (340-670 nm) and on the curves of abnormal dispersion of optic rotation (220-270 nm) of the lupine ferri-leg-hemoglobin (Lb).
542b3ece-c515-42f3-a3cf-cf1012eac670	1	pH range of the existence of the lupine Lb native form was determined (pH 5.5-11.0 at 20-25degrees C). It has been shown that not only met-hydroxy transition (which is in a complicated manner connected with the ionization of both ligand-bound water and certain amino acid residues of globin) but the ionization of a group with pK approximately 5, too, in the native molecule produces a heterotropic effect onto the haem.
542b3ece-c515-42f3-a3cf-cf1012eac670	2	Complex analysis of the acidic and alkaline denaturation evidences that these processes are cooperative and proceed via several stages. pK values and the number of tyrosine residues were determined; it has been shown that these amino acid moieties are "buried" in the protein molecule. The results are discussed on the basis of a tentative model of the lupine Lb spatial suggested by the authors.
4c323dfc-2a1a-4a78-ac24-ad674d10ce0b	0	[Kinetic characteristics of DNA alkylation with some chloroethylmethylarylamines and elimination of alkylated bases from DNA]. Kinetics of DNA alkylation with 2',3'-o-[N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzylidene]uridine (UCHRCL), uridine-5'-methylphosphate (MepUCHRCL) and 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzylamine (NH2CH2RCl) and kinetics of elimination of alkylated bases have been studied.
4c323dfc-2a1a-4a78-ac24-ad674d10ce0b	1	Efficiency of DNA alkylation (p/s-ratio of rate constant of alkylation to the sum of rate constants of by-reactions of an active intermediate formed from the reagent) increases with an increase of the positive charge of the reagents as well as efficiency of tRNA alkylation. Alkylated bases are eliminated from DNA;
4c323dfc-2a1a-4a78-ac24-ad674d10ce0b	2	rate of elimination depends on the structure of the reagent; it decreases in the series NH2CH2R- greater than greater than UCHR-greater than MepUCHR-. Bases alkylated by NH2CH2RCl and UCHRCl are eliminated from DNA during alkylation; therefore plots of DNA alkylation by NH2CH2RCl have a maximum. DNA alkylated by MepUCHRCl is rather stable;
4c323dfc-2a1a-4a78-ac24-ad674d10ce0b	3	alkylated bases are not eliminated during alkylation. Effect of temperature and pH on elimination has been studied.
bb0bae28-ff34-46c2-a30b-b266cf98f481	0	Immediate hypersensitivity in the guinea pig conjunctiva. II. Effect of treatment with antihistamines, steroids and disodium cromoglycate. The effects of antihistamines, steroids and disodium cromoglycate on an immediate hypersensitivity reaction in the guinea pig eye are described in terms of clinical observations, histological examinations of sections of eyes and cytological studies of material from the conjunctival surface. The use of brushes to sample the cells on the conjunctival surface is described. The effect of repeated daily challenges on the reaction is also reported.
432062c7-ec52-4dc9-a9ab-7598df0311a0	0	[Possibilities and results of shortened hospital treatment in pediatric surgery (author's transl)]. 2582 surgical operations on children - principally abdominal hernias and phimoses - are reported. Inpatient treatment required a stay of 3.2 days, 430 children were treated as outpatients. The 11 pediatricians working in the afflux area unanimously judged the shortened stay in hospital positive.

0bd4c115-3b7e-4e51-b9fd-8ef5814e82be

2

Three comments are made on this case - two by psychiatrists, Dr K Davison and Dr Ashley Robin, the other by a professor of Christian ethics, Professor F C Blackie.

0bd4c115-3b7e-4e51-b9fd-8ef5814e82be

3

Both psychiatrists argue that when a patient's mind is affected by mental or organic illness to the degree that 'he cannot bring a rational and conscious mind' to the question of his treatment then the doctor, in consultation with the relatives, making clear to them the likely course of events if an operation is not performed, must take whatever is the proper course of action, in this case surgery. In this view, such an operation performed immediately the diagnosis was confirmed might not have been so complicated.

0bd4c115-3b7e-4e51-b9fd-8ef5814e82be

4

Professor Blackie, commending 'the attempt to regard the patient as a responsible human being' with a 'moral right to be consulted on all aspects of treatment', questions in this patient the limits to which the appeal to reason was carried. He concludes that 'in this situation the advice and consent of the family must weigh more heavily than the statements of the patient'.

edfd1b77-3b08-45d8-98be-364041738a77

0

Calcium-potassium-stimulated net potassium efflux from human erythrocyte ghosts. In the presence of 8 mM external Ca++, the K+ permeability of human red cell ghosts increases provided K+ is also present in the medium. This increase does not represent K+/K+ exchange but a stimulation of net K+ efflux.

edfd1b77-3b08-45d8-98be-364041738a77

1

The stimulation is half-maximal at 0.7 +/- 0.15 mM (n=5). At concentrations above 4.0 mM, external K+ inhibits net K+ efflux. Similar stimulatory and inhibitory effects of external K were also observed in intact cells after exposure to Pb++ or to Ca++ in the presence of fluoride, iodoacetate plus adenosine, or propranolol, suggesting that a common K+ -activated K+ -specific transfer system may be involved under all of these various circumstances.

edfd1b77-3b08-45d8-98be-364041738a77

2

Internal K+ also stimulates net K+ efflux from ghosts, but it is uncertain whether internal K+ is an absolute requirement for the K+ permeability increase. In contrast to external Na+ which slightly stimulates K+ efflux, internal Na+ inhibits. The inhibition by internal Na+ is abolished by sufficiently high concentrations of external K+, showing that K+ binding to the outer membrane surface and Na+ binding to the internal surface are mutually interdependent.

edfd1b77-3b08-45d8-98be-364041738a77

3

In red cell ghosts the Ca++ -K+ -stimulated net K+ efflux increases with increasing pH until a plateau is reached between pH 7.2 and 8.0. In fluoride-poisoned intact cells, the Ca++-K+ stimulated flux passes through a maximum around pH 6.8. Neither internal nor external Mg++ interferes with the combined effects of Ca++ and K+.

edfd1b77-3b08-45d8-98be-364041738a77

4

Similarly, external EDTA has no influence at concentrations which are far lower than the Ca++ concentration required to produce a maximal response. In contrast, low concentrations of internal EDTA prevent the permeability change.

79a35254-9351-4264-9e3d-1ba6488836e6

0

Analog circuit of the Acetabularia membrane. The high membrane potential of Acetabularia (Em=-170mV) is due to an electrogenic pump in parallel with the passive diffusion system (Ed=-80mV) which could be studied separately in the cold, when the pump is blocked. Electrical measurements under normal conditions show that the pump pathway consists of its electromotive force Ep with two elements P1 and P2 in series;

79a35254-9351-4264-9e3d-1ba6488836e6

1

P2 is shunted by a large capacitance (Cp=3mF cm-2). The nonlinear current-voltage relationship of P1 (light- and temperature-sensitive) could be determined separately; it reflects the properties of a carrier-mediated electrogenic pump. The value of Ep(-190 mV) indicates a stoichiometry of 2:

79a35254-9351-4264-9e3d-1ba6488836e6

2

1 between electrogenically transported charges and ATP. The electrical energy normally stored in Cp, compares well with the metabolic energy, stored in the ATP pool. The nonlinear current-voltage relationship of P2 (attributed to phosphorylating reactions) is also sensitive to light and temperature and is responsible for the region of negative conductance of the overall current-voltage relationship.

79a35254-9351-4264-9e3d-1ba6488836e6

3

The power of the pump (1 muW cm-2) amounts to some percent of the total energy turnover. The high Cl- fluxes (1 nmol cm-2 sec-1) and the electrical properties of the plasmalemma are not as closely related as assumed previously. For kinetic reasons, a direct and specific Cl- pathway between the vacuole and outside is postulated to exist.

2a3e7fda-1b02-433d-bbce-84061278fc11

0

Nigericin-induced charge transfer across membranes. The electric properties of the bilayer lecithin membranes have been studied in the presence of the antibiotic nigericin. When the antibiotic concentration is about 10(-7) ohm-1 cm-2. The potassium ion concentration gradient gives rise to a transmembrane potential of the order of 40 mV per 10-fold concentration gradient with the side of the higher potassium concentration negative.

2a3e7fda-1b02-433d-bbce-84061278fc11

1

The transmembrane potential produced by the hydrogen ion concentration gradient is a function of the potassium ion concentration which is equal on both sides of the membrane. For low potassium ion concentrations the hydrogen potential has the expected polarity with the solution having higher concentration of protons negative. For potassium ion concentrations exceeding 0.03

2a3e7fda-1b02-433d-bbce-84061278fc11

2

M the hydrogen potential has the reverse polarity. This unexpected result cannot be accounted for in terms of the available simple hypotheses about the charge transport mechanism for nigericin in BLM. In order to account for the experimental results obtained, a theoretical approach has been developed based on the assumption that charge is transported across the membrane by nigericin dimers.

2a3e7fda-1b02-433d-bbce-84061278fc11

3

The theoretical predicitons are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The model also yields some predictions which may be verified in future experiments.

93bd0608-56c8-4402-a965-35bf02974b12

0

Reactions of aminomalononitrile with electrophiles. Aminomalononitrile (HCN trimer) reacts with electrophiles such as aldehydes and acrylonitrile under very mild conditions of temperature and pH to produce intermediates which, after acid hydrolysis, yield amino acids. The following amino acids have been identified and quantitated: glycine, D, L-erythro- and D, L-threo-beta - hydroxyaspartic acids, D, L glutamic acid, and D, L-threonine and allo-threonine. The mechanism of their formation and the possible significance of these reactions in prebiotic syntheses are discussed.

aed96b49-d6e1-48cd-9586-8cb31c6fb75b

0

[Diagnosis and therapy of primary defects of immunity (author's transl)]. Immunological responses are divided into those mediated by humoral antibody (B-Cells) and those by cells (T-Cells). Both depend upon the activity of small lymphocytes which become thymus or bursa analogue dependent during embryonic development.

aed96b49-d6e1-48cd-9586-8cb31c6fb75b

1

Primary immundeficiencies are therefor defects of lymphocytes attributed in most cases to gene defects. Early diagnosis is the necessary prerequisit for possible treatment. Tests for assessing the cellular immune status are: skin testes and in vitro tests. Clinical syndroms are: lymphocytopenia, hypoplasia, deficiency of lymphocytes in lymphatic tissues normal cortical germinal centres.

aed96b49-d6e1-48cd-9586-8cb31c6fb75b

2

Recurrent infections with viruses, candida or pneumocystis carinii are common. Tests for assesing the humoral immune status are: measurement of immunglobulin levels in serum, isohaemagglutinins, tests for antibody formation following active immunization, in vitro tests. Clinical syndroms are: no germinal centres in lymphnodes, no plasma cells.

aed96b49-d6e1-48cd-9586-8cb31c6fb75b

3

Recurrent bacterial infections. Treatment of B-cell deficiencies: immunglobulin replacement therapy. Treatment of T-cell deficiencies by grafting of thymus transplants. Combined immune deficiencies are treated with bone marrow transplants from matched donors. For bone marrow transplantation germfree state seems to be the ideal situation to protect the patient against infection before the therapeutic maneuver and for prevention of graft versus host reaction in the posttransplantation period.

3cf86462-5f7f-4442-8636-a4030f2e7ae5

0

[Effect of the chronic action of small doses of ionizing radiation of the excretion of gaseous metabolic products in albino rats]. White rats were kept in sealed chambers for 3 months and were exposed to chronic gamma-irradiation (100 mur/day). The effect of the exposure on the excretion of some metabolites--ammonia, acetone, carbon monoxide, phenol and organic substances measured by their oxidability--was studied.

3cf86462-5f7f-4442-8636-a4030f2e7ae5

1

Under the influence of low doses of gamma-irradiation the excretion of acetone and organic substances decreased, whereas that of carbon monoxide, phenol and ammonia increased. Possible mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed.

a146e703-c616-4539-96a1-8b63739a9a7c

0

[Effect of hyperoxia and hypokinesia on the formation and excretion of gaseous metabolic products in rats]. It has been shown experimentally that a 30-day exposure of white rats to hypokinesia and moderate hyperoxia decreases elimination of ammonia and increases the formation and release into an enclosed atmosphere of carbon monoxide, aldehydes and ketones. The level of metabolism of prophyrin and nitrogen containing compounds as well as of fats and carbohydrates is higher during a combined effect of hypokinesia and moderate hyperoxia than during their separate influences.

fe4a2cb2-1700-4b8e-acf7-04e6e25734b4

0

[Sorption method of water regeneration for cosmonaut personal hygiene]. The paper describes sanitary-hygienic and technological investigations aimed at development of the sorption method of water reclamation for personal hygiene needs of cosmonauts from wash water. Catamine-AB was used as a detergent with bactericidal properties. Manned experiments helped to identify the conditions that provided an adequate cleaning of skin and simultaneous sterilization of wash water. The technology of wash water purification was developed, proper sorbents were selected and recommended values of their use were established.

35b438f4-6abf-4191-a2f5-d72fbe72c31b

0

Plasma glucose in miniature swine infused with ethanol and fructose. Hypoglycemia resulting from intragastric infusion of ethanol in miniature swine was counteracted by simultaneous infusion of fructose. The magnitude and time of peak plasma ethanol concentrations were functions of the quantity of ethanol or ethanol and fructose.

4893a639-fac7-4518-9ff4-9553a33876bc

0

[Effect of a magnetic field on Escherichia coli]. The decontaminating effect of the pulsing magnetic field on the E. coli infected reclaimed water was studied on two installations. The magnetic field intensity was 500 and 1000-1500 ersted and the microbial load was 1, 10 and 100 thous. microbial units per 1 ml. It was found that the magnetic treatment of water had a noticeable bactericidal effect. This indicated that the method can be used for decontamination of reclaimed water.

63643805-1985-4311-a424-5d17d901fab2

0

Dietary caffeine and alcohol consumption by rats. The alcohol consumption of malnourished rats increased slowly but substantially during a 4-week period in which caffeine was added to their marginally adequate diet. Consumption fell to precaffeine levels as soon as caffeine was withdrawn.

f2f250e6-21d7-4c9e-9158-df637ba1f769

0

Effect of taurine on ethanol-induced sleeping time in mice. The CNS-depressant effect of ethanol was markedly reduced in mice by simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of taurine.

4c8af41f-18a6-4e35-9105-de7d7745e091

0

[Urine conservation by surface-active agents]. The antibacterial activity of surface-active substances -- catamine-AB, catapine B-300, GIPH-200 and Tego-51 was measured on the E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus cultures and anthracoid spores. The purpose of the measurements was to explore the use of the substances as urine conserving agents.

4c8af41f-18a6-4e35-9105-de7d7745e091

1

Catamine-AB showed the highest antibacterial activity. Anthracoid spores exhibited the highest resistance to the substances; staphylococci were less resistant than E. coli. Investigations of the effectiveness of urine conservation demonstrated that catamine-AB at a concentration of 0.1% killed all Staph. aureus and E. coli.

4c8af41f-18a6-4e35-9105-de7d7745e091

2

Therefore, it can be recommended as a urine conserving agent.

5b6f0933-fdd5-44e7-8f96-6eb56fd13481

0

Blood alcohol level discrimination by nonalcoholics. The role of internal and external cues. Men were trained to estimate their blood alcohol levels, after drinks of different strengths, by means of internal or external cues or both. All groups improved in estimation accuracy but the type of training made no difference.

f8fc287f-f088-4c43-864e-8b187fb1f969

0

Alcohol and backward masking of visual information. Alcohol increased the time necessary to transfer information from the initial sensory information storage system into the short-term memory system.

cf1d6df8-614e-4e6c-b86c-a6039ddc33fe

0

Recovery of verbal short-term memory in alcoholics. When given a short-term memory distractor test on the day after admission to the hospital in an intoxicated state, the performance of older alcoholic patients was significantly worse than that of younger alcoholics and on a par with that of alcoholic Korsakoff patients. One month later, however, the older patients' performance was comparable to that of the other alcoholics.

3d3abcd9-1952-46f9-97ca-1309be6996d1

0

Group therapy and changes in the self-concept of alcoholics. One group of alcoholics received closed-group encounter therapy, and another, open elective group therapy. The closed-group encounter therapy was superior in elevating self-concept.

65598bd2-71b6-40d7-8af6-dcd314e40763

0

Alcoholism, hopelessness and suicidal behavior. A study of alcoholic and nonalcoholic suicide attempters indicated that hopelessness was the key determinant of suicidal intent in both groups.

520081df-20cf-4511-bf06-2520667fbcd0

0

An application of anomy theory to the study of alcoholism. In a study of 442 alcoholics, a positive relationship between the development of anomy and the development of alcoholism was found.

15c80a36-d3a1-4482-babc-9e778869ee38

0

Drinking behavior in laboratory and barroom settings. Barroom patrons consumed their drinks in significantly less time and with fewer sips than subjects observed in a laboratory. The former most often drank beer while the latter preferred mixed drinks.

3b8c1d32-2111-42ce-81e7-851febe47a98

0

Effect of role empathy on human figures drawn by women alcoholics. Drawings by women alcoholics of the self, a murderer, the murderer's victim and victim's parent revealed conscious and unconscious identification with the depicted roles.

92432a21-5d75-44f5-bd39-e403658c84c2

0

The Cornell Medical Index as an adjunct to paraprofessional evaluation of alcohol addiction. The Cornell Medical Index may prove a significant aid to paraprofessional personnel in recognizing alcoholics in need of medical attention.

78019b61-a31c-4f32-8ccc-0d9040ffcb07

0

Surgical management of severe aortic coarctation and interrupted aortic arch in neonates. Forty-four infants, 2 to 90 days of age, with severe obstructive lesions of the aortic arch, underwent emergency surgical correction between Jan. 1, 1966, and April 1, 1975. The typical clinical presentation was severe congestive heart failure and acidemia.

78019b61-a31c-4f32-8ccc-0d9040ffcb07

1

Resection of an aortic coarctation with end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 31 patients. Eight (26 per cent) died after the operation. Since 1969, the mortality rate has been reduced to 14 per cent (3 of 22 patients) even though the incidence of major associated cardiac lesions has remained essentially constant (56 per cent from 1966 through 1969, 64 per cent from 1970 through March, 1975).

78019b61-a31c-4f32-8ccc-0d9040ffcb07

2

This suggests that the higher survival rate has resulted from improved surgical techniques and postoperative care. The mortality rate in the infants operated upon during the second and third months of life was twice as high as that in those operated upon before the age of 1 month. Eight patients with Type A interrupted aortic arch were operated upon and 5 survived.

78019b61-a31c-4f32-8ccc-0d9040ffcb07

3

Five patients with Type B aortic arch were operated upon and 3 survived.

31143ce2-fa9e-4cd8-9db6-9445224afabe

0

Pharmacological analysis of the adrenergic control of the cerebral circulation. The adrenergic control of the cerebral circulation was subjected to pharmacological analysis. The status of the cerebral circulation was assessed using radioisotope, electromagnetic and resistographic methods. EEG, ECG and arterial pressure were recorded. The acid-base equilibrium and oxygen tension were measured in the arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

31143ce2-fa9e-4cd8-9db6-9445224afabe

1

The experiments showed that the sympathetic innervation plays an important role in controlling cerebral circulation and in the development of cerebrovascular disorders. This was indicated by the constriction of intracranial arteries induced by noradrenaline, stimulation of sympathetic nerves, reflex sympathetic activations and the effect of potassium chloride on the centrol nervous system.

31143ce2-fa9e-4cd8-9db6-9445224afabe

2

The pharmacological study demonstrated that constriction of the intracranial vessels is brought about by an activation of the sympatho-adrenal system which is mediated via alpha-adrenoreceptors of cerebral blood vessels.

9eb40f03-807e-4334-b839-ae38f19f80d6

0

Cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in swine. In incubation studies with swine tissue slices, acetate-1-14C or glucose-U-14C as substrates were incorporated more readily into fatty acids and cholesterol in adipose tissue than other tissues tested. Cholesterol and fatty acid synthesizing acitivity was substantial in the small intestine.

9eb40f03-807e-4334-b839-ae38f19f80d6

1

When acetate was available, liver, small intestine, and adipose tissue were important sites for cholesterol synthesis. Heart and aortic tissue had marginal levels of cholesterol synthesizing ability. Lipogenesis in adult swine liver, heart, and aortic tissue was extremely low. As in tissue slices, incorporation of acetyl-1-14C CoA into fatty acids by adipose homogenates indicated high lipogenic activity.

9eb40f03-807e-4334-b839-ae38f19f80d6

2

Subcellular fractionations of heart and aortic tissue indicated that the heart microsomal fraction had the highest lipogenic activity as measured by the incroporation of acetyl-4-14C CoA into fatty acids. In adult swine adipose tissue, the incorporation of glucose-U-14C into fatty acid was higher than its incorporation into glyceride-glycerol.

9eb40f03-807e-4334-b839-ae38f19f80d6

3

The synthesis of glyceride-glycerol from glucose-U-14C or acetate-1-14C in liver was higher than for fatty acid synthesis. The acitivity of acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, citrate cleavage enzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphat-malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was considerably higher in adipose tissue than in other tissues tested, paralleling its high lipogenic capacity.

9c5f4971-e035-4f23-a6c0-968971ac73f2

0

Insulin receptors of skeletal muscle: specific insulin binding sites and demonstration of decreased numbers of sites in obese rats. A membrane preparation was obtained from rat striated muscle. The preparation used has been shown to contain plasma membranes by electron microscopy as well as by enrichment in specific activity of both a plasma membrane enzyme "marker" (5'-nucleotidase) and cell surface 125I-incorporated radioactivity.

9c5f4971-e035-4f23-a6c0-968971ac73f2

1

The characteristics of 125I-insulin binding to this striated muscle preparation were studied, and it was found that 125I-insulin readily and specifically binds to this membrane preparation. The binding reaction was time, pH, and temperature dependent with optimal steady-state binding conditions occurring at 20 degrees C and at pH 7.6

9c5f4971-e035-4f23-a6c0-968971ac73f2

2

. Under these conditions (20 degrees C, pH 7.6) skeletal muscle plasma membranes displayed little ability to degrade insulin. Binding of 125I-insulin was readily inhibited at physiologic concentrations of unlabeled insulin and the specificity of this receptor for insulin was demonstrated by finding that high concentrations of glucagon, b-LH, b-FSH, p-PRL, hCG, TSH, and HGH were without effect on 125I-insulin binding and that insulin analogues inhibited binding in proportion to their biologic activity.

9c5f4971-e035-4f23-a6c0-968971ac73f2

3

When membranes from older, fatter rats were compared to membranes from younger, lean animals, 5'-nucleotidase specific activity and insulin degrading activity were found to be comparable. On the other hand, insulin binding to membrane receptors was decreased 30%-40% in the older, fatter animals.

9c5f4971-e035-4f23-a6c0-968971ac73f2

4

Thus, these studies indicate that (1) specific insulin receptors exist in skeletal muscle plasma membranes, and (2) membranes from older, fatter rats have fewer receptors than those from younger, lean animals.