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432062c7-ec52-4dc9-a9ab-7598df0311a0
| 1 |
Of the parents interviewed, only 1.3% did not agree with the short hospitalization and 4.8% disagreed with the outpatient therapy. The well-known psychic disturbances of small children by admission to hospital confirmed. The economic importance of a stay which can be reduced by 10 days compared with the present average is pointed out.
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ac400203-f611-4dcc-a027-1b206e79fa28
| 0 |
[The diagnostic significance of immunoglobulin determination in chronic liver diseases. II. Relationships between immunoglobulin changes and degree of activity (author's transl)]. The relationship between the immunograms and aminotransferases, gamma-GT and AP were examined in 715 patients with hepatobiliary diseases closely confirmed by histomorphological criteria and a series of 60 normal subjects.
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ac400203-f611-4dcc-a027-1b206e79fa28
| 1 |
The normal subjects showed positive relationships. These are largely lacking in acute and protracted courses and in chronic aggressive hepatitis. Only relationships of the individual immunoglobulins between themselves can be demonstrated in the aggressive chronic types. Positive relationships are present between immunograms and aminotransferases, gamma-GT and AP in the group with fatty livers, and so are other highly significant positive relationships in toxic hepatitis and toxic cirrhoses of the liver.
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bd32a826-8502-4d47-ad44-6769baabb59e
| 0 |
[pH-dependence of the mechanism of pepsin action]. N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine inhibition of the peptic hydrolysis of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine-L-tyrosine over the pH range 2-4.5 was studied. The mixed character of inhibition which was partially competitive and partially non-competitive allowed us to infer that the separate steps of the enzymatic hydrolysis were pH dependent.
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bd32a826-8502-4d47-ad44-6769baabb59e
| 1 |
The orderliness of the dissociation of the triple enzyme-product-product complex was also pH dependent. The group with pKa approximately 3 influenced the mechanisms of pepsin hydrolysis as strongly as in the case of pepsin catalyzed oxygen isotopic exchange in the acyl amino acid carboxyl group.
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a98ca45b-841e-4d4f-9f45-86edf5f5d6c3
| 0 |
Caffeine enhancement of digestion of DNA by nuclease S1. The activity of Aspergillus orzae nuclease S1 on DNA has been investigated under varying pH and metal ion conditions. Nuclease S1 was found to preferentially digest denatured DNA. With native DNA as substrate the enzyme could only digest the DNA when caffeine was added to the reaction mixture.
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a98ca45b-841e-4d4f-9f45-86edf5f5d6c3
| 1 |
The enzyme was more active in sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5), than in either standard saline citrate (PH 7.0) or sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Caffeine was also found to affect the thermal stability of DNA, resulting in a melting profile characterized by two transitions.
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a98ca45b-841e-4d4f-9f45-86edf5f5d6c3
| 2 |
The first transition (poorly defined) was below the normal melting temperature of the DNA, while the next transition was at the normal melting temperature of the DNA, while the next transition was at the normal melting temperature of the DNA. The susceptibility of caffeine-treated DNA to nuclease digestion seems to be a result of the local unwinding that caffeine causes in the regions of DNA that melt in the first transition.
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a98ca45b-841e-4d4f-9f45-86edf5f5d6c3
| 3 |
This selective destabilization presumably sensitizes the unwound regions to nuclease hydrolysis. The hydrolysates of the DNA digested by nuclease S1 were subjected first to ion exchange chromatography followed by paper chromatography. The results from this partial characterization of the digestion products showed that they contain mononucleotides as well as oligonucleotides of varying lengths.
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a98ca45b-841e-4d4f-9f45-86edf5f5d6c3
| 4 |
The base composition of the mononucleotide digests suggests that caffeine has greater preference for interacting with A-T base-pairs in DNA.
|
a4d0be8c-495a-4970-b623-41e010d52938
| 0 |
[Isolation and properties of polyphosphatase of Neurospora crassa]. Polyphosphatase (polyphosphate-phosphohydrolase) has been isolated from mycelium of Neurospora crassa and purified to homogenous state. The enzyme is shown to be strictly specific to high molecular weight inorganic polyphosphates. Km for phosphate in polymeric form is 6.8-10(-4) M. The molecular weight of this enzyme is 50 000 +/- 3000. To display its activity polyphosphatase requires the presence of bivalent cations of some metals, Mg2+ ions being the best activator with Co2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ ions-slightly less effective.
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e2c3080b-8c13-4418-bfef-a9d22479a2cb
| 0 |
[Isolation of rat liver chromatin non-histone protein]. A chromatin with the protein/DNA ratio of 3.0 was obtained from rat liver cells nuclei. The chromatin was dissolved in 2 M NaCl, pH 7, and reprecipitated by decreasing the ionic strength to 0.4 and increasing pH to 9.0
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e2c3080b-8c13-4418-bfef-a9d22479a2cb
| 1 |
. A fraction of non-histone proteins (NH-1) remained in a supernatant solution, the NH-1/DNA ratio being equal to 1.3 and the ratio of acidic to basic aminoacid residues equal to 1.31. After chromatography on Bio-Rex 70 cation-exchang resin, a fraction (NH-2) with the NH-2/DNA ratio of 1.0
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e2c3080b-8c13-4418-bfef-a9d22479a2cb
| 2 |
+/- 0.15 and the ratio of acidic to basic aminoacid residues of 1.57 was obtained. According to the data of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the NH-2 fraction contained 2.7% of histone f2 + f3 as an admixture whereas histone f1 was not revealed.
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93a4b3b3-33aa-4f08-a887-57632552bce4
| 0 |
Cimetidine suppression of nocturnal gastric secretion in active duodenal ulcer. Nocturnal pain and gastric hypersecretion are common in duodenal ulcer. Therefore, we investigated the antisecretory effects of a new H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, in 200-, 300- or 400-mg doses, taken orally at bedtime. The 200-mg dose did not cause a statistically significant change in nocturnal (midnight to 7 a.
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93a4b3b3-33aa-4f08-a887-57632552bce4
| 1 |
m.) acid output and had only a borderline effect on pH. However, the 300-mg and 400-mg doses significantly (P less than 0.001) lowered acid output and increased (P less than 0.01) intragastric pH. All doses caused substantial decreases in secretory volume output. After a 400-mg dose, half the patients remained anacidic for eight hours.
|
93a4b3b3-33aa-4f08-a887-57632552bce4
| 2 |
Dose-related increases of drug blood levels were observed and correlated with the degree and duration of inhibition of acid output. Serum gastrin levels were unaffected. Cimetidine appears to be a potent inhibitor of nocturnal gastric secretion.
|
d4467418-7ba0-4b03-b2bc-8d61d383b595
| 0 |
[Interaction of yeasts with tannins. II. Study of various yeasts hydrolysing tannic acid in tannin culture media]. Growth and hydrolytic action on tannins of 6 strains of yeasts (isolated from tanning liquors and xylophagous insects) are studied in culture media containing various concentrations of tannic acid. The influence of medium acidity is also considered. According to the strains, growth is more or less restrained and hydrolytic activity is variable. Except for gallotannins, hydrolysable tannins are not hydrolysed.
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abcaf601-8c07-4737-a9ce-b90508ca4122
| 0 |
Differential inhibition of sclerotial germination in Whetzelinia sclerotiorum. A number of diverse compounds including divalent metal ions, simple sugars, and common counterions, buffers, and fungicides were surveyed in the laboratory with regard to ability to inhibit germination of field-collected sclerotia from Whetzelinia sclerotiorum. Many compounds were inhibitory and several were comparable in effectiveness to benomyl and other commercial fungicides. Different levels of a given inhibitor were needed to prevent stipe formation, apothecial formation or mycelial germination. Inhibition was not correlated with ionic strength or related to pH.
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1cc0d83f-2743-40cf-9c86-7d10305f1da1
| 0 |
[Biophysical primary processes in photosynthetic membranes. Data with pulse-spectroscopical methods]. The electron transfer in the photosynthetic membrane of green plants from H2O to NADP+ is driven by two chlorophyll reaction centers in series. The electron transfer converts one part of the light energy into the form of the reducing power of NADPH.
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1cc0d83f-2743-40cf-9c86-7d10305f1da1
| 1 |
The transfer initiates an electrical field across the membrane. The electrical energy of the charged membrane is an additional state into which light energy is converted. Protolytic reactions coupled with the electron transfer lead to a proton translocation into the inner space of the thylakoid. The discharging of the ectrically energized membrane by H+ efflux is coupled with the formation of ATP.
|
3c480b48-bc28-44b9-936b-8f40c87e20cb
| 0 |
Mechanism of action of anticonvulsants. Role of the differential effects on the active uptake of putative neurotransmitters. The effect of pentobarbital and phenytoin on the high-affinity uptake of the putative neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and norepinephrine was examined in synaptosomes prepared from rat brain. Both pentobarbital and phenytoin inhibited the uptake of norepinephrine.
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3c480b48-bc28-44b9-936b-8f40c87e20cb
| 1 |
Pentobarbital increased the uptake of GABA twofold and only slightly increased the uptake of glutamate. Phenytoin facilitated GABA uptake to a lesser extent than did pentobarbital, but also increased the uptake of glutamate. This suggests that these drugs may limit the propagation of seizures through the balance of excitatory glutamate pathways and inhibitory GABA and norepinephrine pathways.
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3c480b48-bc28-44b9-936b-8f40c87e20cb
| 2 |
The contrasting effects of these drugs on GABA and glutamate uptake may be related to the hypnotic properties of pentobarbital not present in phenytoin.
|
6d3e16cd-ddd1-48e4-bcb4-a50c77c53339
| 0 |
Studies of maternal plasma prolactin and amniotic fluid prolactin. Effects of chlorpromazine and prostaglandin F2alpha. We have studied the effect of chlorpromazine and PGF2alpha on the blood and amniotic fluid levels of prolactin over a 1-hour period of time in women who were in the 14th-20th week of gestation. Following intramuscular injection of chlorpromazine, maternal plasma prolactin rose 1.0- to 2.5-fold. No significant change was noted in maternal plasma after PGF2alpha administration. Amniotic fluid prolactin declined by 6 to 56%. These changes may be dilutional.
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c42cbd2e-8497-46f2-bd41-529653276086
| 0 |
[Gonadotropin induced steriodogenesis in prepubertal boys (author's transl)]. We examined the capacity of reaction in the endocrine tissue of testes in prepubertal boys. 18 boys were endocrinologically healthy, six suffered from cryptorchidism on one or both sides. After a single dose of HCG (5000 IU/m) we found an increase of pregnantriol excretion in the 24 h urine in all subjects studied except in the case of surgically proved anorchia. In all except one boy we found a sharp increase in testosterone after HCG administration.
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53ec2fff-4eb3-422f-bd34-86d958cd0dbb
| 0 |
Cobalamins in fibroblasts cultured from normal control subjects and patients with methylmalonic aciduria. The intracellular content and proportional distribution of B12 (cobalamin) derivatives in fibroblasts cultured from patients with various forms of methylmalonic aciduria, as well as from normal control subjects, has been determined by a two-dimensional chromatobioautographic technique.
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53ec2fff-4eb3-422f-bd34-86d958cd0dbb
| 1 |
Each line of fibroblasts was grown in the presence of four concentrations of cobalamin, ranging from the 0.04-0.07 pmol/ml contained in the basal medium to 74 pmol/ml (100 ng/ml), added in form of hydroxocobalamin (OH-CHl). Control cells grown in the basal medium contained substantial proportions of both methylcobalamin (MeCbl) and adenysylcobalamin (AdoCbl), with the former predominating.
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53ec2fff-4eb3-422f-bd34-86d958cd0dbb
| 2 |
As increasing concentrations of OH-CBl were added to the growth medium, the total cellular cobalamin content increased without marked changes in the relative proportions of MeCbl, AdoCbl, and OH-Cbl. Three different patterns were discernable in the cobalamin distributions of the cells cultured from patients with methylmalonic aciduria (Table 1 and Fig.
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53ec2fff-4eb3-422f-bd34-86d958cd0dbb
| 3 |
1).
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0fe19e85-cb1d-4475-9d13-b40affee77fb
| 0 |
Intrauterine torsion of an intra-abdominal testis. Intra-abdominal torsion of an undescended testis is a rare surgical problem in the neonate. However, one must consider the possibility of intrauterine torsion in a neonate who presents with an undescended testis and an abdominal mass.
|
7bf00ced-bd7a-4af6-9bc1-0c34b90f2253
| 0 |
Issues in treatment efficacy research with alcoholics. A variety of therapeutic strategies have been used in the treatment of alcoholic patients. Within this context, behavioral techniques have been widely employed with varying degree of effectiveness. This paper attempts to explore theoretically 2 widely used behavioral therapeutic methods, systematic desensitization and covert sensitization, along with traditional insight-oriented therapy. Possible merits and limitations of applying these treatment approaches to alcoholic patients are explored.
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39e46560-0988-4dd0-bd73-2915c94735be
| 0 |
Semantic desensitization: language conditioning or demand characteristics manipulation? Previous studies in language conditioning, especially those called semantic desensitization, have shown changes in self-report, behavioral measures, and the semantic meaning of the target concept following treatment. This last has been proposed as a causal variable but experimental and control groups differed greatly in terms of their demand characteristics.
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39e46560-0988-4dd0-bd73-2915c94735be
| 1 |
The present study included a placebo group with demand characteristics similar to those of the control group. The target area was self-concept (18 male Ss, 9 female Ss). Significant changes in self-report and actual performance with a hand dynamometer were obtained but these were as great for the placebo group as for the experimental groups.
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39e46560-0988-4dd0-bd73-2915c94735be
| 2 |
It was suggested that factors other than conditioning are of importance in semantic desensitization.
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9b0ff2d3-8955-40d4-a9c5-1db153587207
| 0 |
[Polyarteritis nodosa: general aspects and occurrence in domestic animals, particularly in association with nosematosis in blue foxex (author's transl)]. A survey of polyarteritis nodosa in domestic animals is presented, including a description of the patho-morphological lesions and a discussion on the causal factors. This vascular disease occurs in domestic animals in association with both viral infections (infectious plasmacytosis in mink), bacterial infections (erysipelas in swine), and protozoan infections (nosematosis in blue foxes).
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9b0ff2d3-8955-40d4-a9c5-1db153587207
| 1 |
The conclusion is drawn that the observations in domestic animals support the view that immunological disturbances are involved as pathogenetic mechanisms. Nosematosis is dealt with in more detail; the infecting agent (fig. 1), Nosema cuniculi (Encephalitozoon cuniculi), is a widespread mamalian parasite, which causes cerebral and renal lesions in blue foxes of the same type as in animals of other species.
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9b0ff2d3-8955-40d4-a9c5-1db153587207
| 2 |
In addition, the vascular system throughout the body is affected, resulting in patho-morphological alterations corresponding to classical polyarteritis nodosa (Fig. 2). In the early stages of involvement, masses of parasitic organisms are regularly found within the walls of affected arteries (Fig. 3). This disease is frequently lethal, and always accompanied by elevated values of gamma globulins.
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9b0ff2d3-8955-40d4-a9c5-1db153587207
| 3 |
Both the hypergammaglobulinemia and the tissue lesions, seem at times, at least in part, to be reversible.
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12394a8c-1a7f-45cf-a9ae-141cedbf6795
| 0 |
[Caesarean section in sows anesthetized with Azaperone and Metomidate (author's transl)]. 213 caesarean sections and 157 hysterectomies were carried out in gilts and sows with different body weight (table I). The neuroleptic Azaperone and the hypnotic Metomidate were used for anaesthesia with different administration (table II).
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12394a8c-1a7f-45cf-a9ae-141cedbf6795
| 1 |
Local analgesia and premedication with Atropine. The duration of the anaesthesia was 45 minutes and where prolongation was necessary, Metomidate, Azaperone or barbiturates were used alone or in combinations once or more. The indications (table III) for caesarean section were retarded birth in 70 sows, dislocation of uterus in 74 sows and in 69 sows by other indications.
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12394a8c-1a7f-45cf-a9ae-141cedbf6795
| 2 |
Hysterectomy was indicated by retarded birth in 93 sows, dislocations of uterus in 40 cases and in 24 cases by other indications. In 183 operations (table IV) 1006 living piglets were delivered, and 703 were alive at discharge (70%). The chances of survival depends on the composition of the litter, in litters of piglets alive only, 76% survived at discharge;
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12394a8c-1a7f-45cf-a9ae-141cedbf6795
| 3 |
in litters consisting of both alive and stillborn 69% survived and 59% survived in litters consisting of piglets alive and post mortem piglets. The total survival of the sows was 78%, 80% after caesarean section and 76% after hysterectomy. It is pointed out that most of the patients operated were in a very late phase of birth.
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fc2aa320-91ba-428c-8185-a6919fc162c3
| 0 |
Formation and in-vivo-distribution of different 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate complexes. The formation of two different 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate complexes was determined by evaluation of their in vivo distribution in rats. It was found that formation of a 2 : 2 Sn : PyP complex, which is bone seeking, is depending as well on the pyrophosphate as on the hydrogen ion concentration in the equilibrium.
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fc2aa320-91ba-428c-8185-a6919fc162c3
| 1 |
On the contrary, formation of a 2 : 1 Sn : PyP complex, which shows no bone affinity but concentrate in the kidneys, is hydrogen ion independent and occurs even at very low pyrophosphate concentrations. The probable structure of these complexes is discussed.
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4afaab08-d441-494d-8f79-0dcefe061d5d
| 0 |
Separation of (3') deoxynucleotides with cation exchange columns. A procedure is described for a one-step separation of synthetic (3') deoxynucleotides purchased commercially or those purified and isolated from the enzymatic digests of DNA. The method is simple. A 50 ml buret was used for column which was filled with the resin slurry and packed at water aspirator pressure.
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4afaab08-d441-494d-8f79-0dcefe061d5d
| 1 |
The compounds were eluted from the column at atmospheric pressure under gravity flow using a fraction collector and read on a Beckman DU spectrophotometer. Recoveries were in excess of 90% and no accessory devices were required. The use of a volatile buffer, e.g. ammonium formate facilitated the recovery of the purified material by allowing the evaporation of the medium in which the sample was eluted.
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ad78b4f5-bb66-450e-9347-b9f44bd56639
| 0 |
Interactions between anticonvulsants. Anticonvulsant drug interactions have been investigated using multiple linear regression analyses. The one statistically significant interaction found was that in which phenytoin dosage decreased plasma carbamazepine concentrations. There was a suggestion that carbamazepine and phenobarb dosage tended to increase phenytoin levels. No interaction was detected between phenytoin and sulthiame. Studies in individuals suggested that ethosuximide may increase plasma phenytoin concentration and that clonazepam tends to decrease carbamazepine and phenytoin concentrations.
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ce8c2186-86aa-4ef4-965e-ff1a6546ef14
| 0 |
Renin and hemodynamic changes via central adrenergic, cholinergic, and sodium receptor mechanisms in conscious rats. The effects of centrally administered autonomic drugs and hypertonic saline on renin release were studied in the conscious rat. A 0.3 mug intraventricular dose of isoproterenol, which is one-thirtieth of the intraperitoneal dose required to stimulate renin release, induced the release of renin into the systemic circulation.
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ce8c2186-86aa-4ef4-965e-ff1a6546ef14
| 1 |
Norepinephrine had no effect on renin release in the same dose range. Hypertonic saline and carbachol suppressed renin release. Alterations in renin release were preceded by a reciprocal change in blood pressure. These results suggest a central nervous system site for sodium, beta-adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors in altering renin release and blood pressure.
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b110d982-8602-4948-adfd-2057e1f4f40e
| 0 |
Hepatic sodium-potassium exchange induced by adrenomimetic amines. The effects of catecholamines on hepatic K+ and Na+ movements were studied in anesthetized dogs by measuring systemic arterial and hepatic venous electrolyte composition following intraportal injections of adrenergic agonists. All catecholamines studied caused the initial loss and subsequent uptake of K+ by the liver.
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b110d982-8602-4948-adfd-2057e1f4f40e
| 1 |
The loss of hepatic K+ was accompanied by an uptake of Na+ at a 1:1 ratio. This accumulation of Na+ continued, although at a slower rate, for at least 8 min. Epinephrine and norepinephrine were much more potent in these effects than either phenylephrine or isoproterenol.
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b110d982-8602-4948-adfd-2057e1f4f40e
| 2 |
Neither alpha- nor beta-adrenergic blockade, singly or in combination, had an appreciable effect on the magnitude or duration of the observed ion shifts. It is concluded that the predominant effect of catecholamines is to produce a net accumulation of hepatic Na+, and that the mechanism governing hepatic ion movements is nonadrenergic as defined by stimulation by specific adrenergic agonists and inhibition by specific adrenergic antagonists.
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b517cfce-66f8-4ccd-aae5-573f44987363
| 0 |
Canine cardiac lymph potassium, pH and flow after experimental myocardial infarction. Canine cardiac lymph was studied after acute experimental myocardial infarction. The lymph potassium concentration remained the same, the lymph potassium content increased, the lymph pH decreased, and the lymph flow increased while the serum potassium and pH remained the same. It is suggested that localized hypoxia may result in cellular changes that release substances, e.g., potassium, to the interstitial space where they mobilize fluid and enhance lymph flow.
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895f7a5c-c51f-4e5e-af7d-fd4ca47dc023
| 0 |
Regulation of proinsulin synthesis in isolated rat islets. (1) A system is described for studying the short-term effects of agents on proinsulin synthesis in vitro, as measured by the incorporation of [3H]leucine into isolated proinsulin. (2) Of the agents tested, glucose has the most marked, and apparently earliest, effect on proinsulin synthesis.
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895f7a5c-c51f-4e5e-af7d-fd4ca47dc023
| 1 |
(3) The adenyl cyclase system participates in the regulation of proinsulin synthesis since exogenous cyclic AMP, glucagon, and caffeine are stimulatory. When cyclic AMP is added to the medium in the presence of glucose, it is the most potent agent acting on the adenyl cyclase-phosphodiesterase system.
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895f7a5c-c51f-4e5e-af7d-fd4ca47dc023
| 2 |
(4) The addition of NADPH to isolated rat islets inhibits proinsulin and Bulk Protein synthesis in vitro.
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f9122c94-a034-4dff-8771-c1578c3cd682
| 0 |
Myocardial substrate utilization in anaphylactic shock. Changes in myocardial substrate utilization were studied in anesthetized dogs following the production of anaphylactic shock. Mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and pH decreased significantly during this form of shock. Myocardial FFA oxidation was greatly diminished especially within the first hour following challenge and lactate uptake more than doubled during the same time.
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f9122c94-a034-4dff-8771-c1578c3cd682
| 1 |
Thus, it is concluded that myocardial substrate utilization shifted away from FFA and towards lactate during anaphylactic shock and these changes resembled those observed following an acute, severe hemorrhage, or the administration of E. coli endotoxin.
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efe73755-5ede-458c-a243-05cf6ea79e1d
| 0 |
The influence of drug-induced alterations in the pressor-inotropic state on left ventricular dynamics. These experiments present new data, obtained by direct measurement, describing the influence of Phe, NE, and ISO on ventricular MF or load. Measurement of MF along with measurements of ventricular pressure, size, and inotropic state allows for a more complete and meaningful characterization of the response of the intact ventricle to pharmacological interventions.
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f2aca1a6-184d-4b05-9982-4e4ea6a5a30c
| 0 |
The effects of salicylic acid on metabolism and potassium ion content in yeast. Under anaerobic conditions, at low pH and 30 degrees, commercial baker's yeast loses K+ ion in the presence of salicylic acid. Glucose utilization is inhibited. In suspensions containing no glucose, carbohydrate stores of the cell are dissimilated to carbon dioxide and alcohol.
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f2aca1a6-184d-4b05-9982-4e4ea6a5a30c
| 1 |
The ion loss and inhibitory effects of salicylic acid on glucose utilization are reversed by washing the cells free of salicylate. The loss of K+ appears to be due at least partly to a K+-H+ exchange process. An unexplained maximum is seen in the curves of either net K+ loss or K+ efflux versus salicylic acid concentration.
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f2aca1a6-184d-4b05-9982-4e4ea6a5a30c
| 2 |
At 6 degrees the effects of salicylic acid on both endogenous metabolism and net K+ loss are minimal. Furthermore, no maximum is seen in the K+ loss-salicyclic concentration curve at this temperature. It is generalized that salicylic acid or salicylate may elicit K+ leakage from many types of cells, i.
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f2aca1a6-184d-4b05-9982-4e4ea6a5a30c
| 3 |
e., a fundamental action of this compound may be its ability to affect (reduce) K+ content of the cell; furthermore, it appears that the salicylate effects on K+ loss may be associated in an as-yet-unknown manner with the metabolic effects of this compound. The effects of salicylate on K+ loss in yeast may not be unique for this compound, since no experiments of this nature have been done with other penetrating undissociated acids.
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0dbcf396-a2a9-4b73-8440-ae7c01ca7f25
| 0 |
The size pH, and redox potential of the cecum in mice associated with various microbial floras. Cecal size and in situ redox potential and pH of cecal contents were determined in conventionally reared mice and mice reared under a variety of gnotobiotic conditions: germfree, monoassociated with a cecal Clostridium sp.
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0dbcf396-a2a9-4b73-8440-ae7c01ca7f25
| 1 |
, hexaflora-associated and thermoduric polyflora-associated. The mean Eh was approximately +200 mV in germfree and -200 mV in conventional mice. The Eh was close to zero in the monoassociated mice, thus occupying a position intermediate between the germfree and conventional mice. The potentials observed in the hexaflora and the thermoduric flora groups were indistinguishable from those of conventional animals.
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0dbcf396-a2a9-4b73-8440-ae7c01ca7f25
| 2 |
The degree of normalization was more advanced with respect to the redox potential than to the cecal size in the various gnotobiotic groups. In the thermoduric polyflora-associated group, normalization was observed in both cecal size and redox potential. This demonstrates that normalization can be accomplished with a relatively simplified microflora, at least with regard to the parameters studied.
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27f645f4-417f-4e21-8304-9da5a72d37c8
| 0 |
Plasma prolactin levels in maturing intact and cryptorchid male rats: development of stress response. In order to determine the possible role of the seminiferous tubules in the regulation of prolactin secretion during sexual development, male rats were rendered cryptorchid at 22 days of age, and thereafter different groups of animals were decapitated at 8-10 day intervals between Day 32 and Day 70.
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27f645f4-417f-4e21-8304-9da5a72d37c8
| 1 |
Cryptorchid rats showed destruction of the germinal epithelium accompanied by increased plasma FSH and, to a much lesser extent, increased plasma LH titers. Nevertheless, plasma prolactin levels were similar to those of intact controls throughout the entire period studied. Plasma prolactin titers in intact controls remained uniformly low from Day 20 to Day 70, contrasting with previous reports in which increasing prolactin levels have been observed during sexual development.
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27f645f4-417f-4e21-8304-9da5a72d37c8
| 2 |
To determine the reason for this apparent discrepancy, a longitudinal experiment was conducted in which intact and cryptorchid male rats were bled every 10 days from Day 30 to Day 70, following a 3-min period of exposure to ether fumes. The prolactin response to this stress increased markedly with age.
|
27f645f4-417f-4e21-8304-9da5a72d37c8
| 3 |
A similar pattern of prolactin was observed in a cross-sectional study in which different groups of intact animals were bled following a 3-min period of ether exposure, at ages ranging from 20 to 70 daysmthe results indicate that unlike FSH secretion, prolactin secretion is not controlled by the seminiferous tubules.
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27f645f4-417f-4e21-8304-9da5a72d37c8
| 4 |
In addition, they suggest that the pattern of increasing plasma prolactin previously described in the developing male rat is at least in part caused by an age-dependent increase in responsiveness of prolactin to stress.
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9d59dcb1-93d6-4983-bb11-73cf4eb7e3ab
| 0 |
Synthesis of 5-substituted isophthalic acids and competitive inhibition studies with bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. Isophthalic acid, 5-carboxy-, 5-hydroxy-, 5-methoxy-, 5-fluoro-, 5-bromo-, 5-cyano-, and 5-methylisophthalic acid were inhibitors competitive with L-glutamate for bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase.
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9d59dcb1-93d6-4983-bb11-73cf4eb7e3ab
| 1 |
The extent of inhibition by the derived compounds was not much greater than that obtained with the parent compound, isophthalic acid. A plot of pKi versus pH showed the presence of an ionizable group (pKa 7.4-7.8) at the enzyme active site which interacted with the substitutent at the 5 position of the substituted isophthalates.
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4a63f7c8-3e7f-4d48-8c4d-4995a4ac05c9
| 0 |
Dehydrogenation of reduced pyridine nucleotides by Leydig cell tumors of the rat testis. The activities of the cytochrome c reductases and of the D-T diaphorase in rat Leydig cell tumors have been described. The increase in enzymatic activity of the NADH cytochrome c reductase activity in functional tumors derived from interstitial cells of the rat testis is interpreted as being possibly related to hydroxylation of steroids by the neoplastic cells.
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4a63f7c8-3e7f-4d48-8c4d-4995a4ac05c9
| 1 |
Meanwhile, the increase in the activity of the D-T diaphorase in the other tumor is interpreted as being an anaplerotic reaction to substitute for the deficient shuttles for the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria observed in tumors.
|
ec4c4b57-3c66-4975-b1b0-ca41f20c0711
| 0 |
The intrinsic, association and commissural connections of area 17 on the visual cortex. An experimental neurohistological study has been made of the intrinsic connections of the cortex of area 17 of the monkey, of the commissural connections of the visual cortex of the cat and monkey and of the association fibres passing into area 17 of the cat. In light microscopic studies the axonal degeneration method of Nauta has been used, and the site and mode of termination of the degenerating fibres has also been determined with the electron microscope...
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594ea362-2be1-4950-8de6-b73bf2e05468
| 0 |
Stress-induced response of mouse liver tyrosine aminotransferase after irradiation. On X-ray irradiated mice with a total dose of 800 R, the reactivity upon an aggressive agent (chloroform stress) administered at various delays after irradiation was studied. The reactivity of the animals has been emphasized by the hepatic induction of the tyrosine aminotransferase and by the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion. From the 3rd day after irradiation both these parameters showed a marked and irreversible decrease.
|
7e9e4f98-cd07-4e2e-b6ba-5d72db576f09
| 0 |
The cross-groin flap for coverage of foot and ankle defects in children. Case reports. The cross-groin flap is useful for covering soft tissue defects of the distal portion of the lower limb in a child.
|
d8625d0d-4e5e-4b19-be76-014bb1344aee
| 0 |
[Effects of antianxiety drugs on the food intake in trained and untrained rats and mice (author's transl)]. Various minor tranquilizers (benzodiazepines, barbiturates and meprobamate) induced an increase in the food intake of rats or mice. Drugs were injected i.p. 30 min before testing and the amount of food consumed during 30 min was recorded.
|
d8625d0d-4e5e-4b19-be76-014bb1344aee
| 1 |
The enhanced food consumption occurred when the animals were in a novel situation, in a situation which they had previously experienced, or in their home cage, in which they were used to eating in the daytime within 30 min. Studies with two benzodiazepines showed this effect to be maximal between 10 to 30 min after injection and to disappear 4 hrs after injection.
|
d8625d0d-4e5e-4b19-be76-014bb1344aee
| 2 |
Moreover, minor tranquilizers reduce the latency before eating of rats and mice tested in a new situation. These results and the observation of anti-anxiety drugs-induced hyperphagia in satiated animals suggest that: 1. The enhanced food consumption of a non familiar food in a novel situation induced by the minor tranquilizers could hardly be related only to their anti-anxiety action.
|
d8625d0d-4e5e-4b19-be76-014bb1344aee
| 3 |
2. The existence of some inhibitory controls (endogenous satiety in daytime or satiety after recent absorption) is not essential for the action of the minor tranquilizers. 3. An increased motivation and a disruption in the food related behavior could possibly be an explanation for all the observed effects.
|
3e56d3c7-9a95-435e-ae46-1641569ae1e1
| 0 |
LSD as an agonist at mesolimbic dopamine receptors. The dopamine agonist apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) produced an enhanced stimulation of locomotor activity compared to control animals in rats injected bilaterally 14 days previously with 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) into the nucleus accumbens. (+)-Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) also produced a marked stimulation of locomotor activity in the 6OHDA treated animals at a dose (1.0
|
3e56d3c7-9a95-435e-ae46-1641569ae1e1
| 1 |
mg/kg i.p.) which was ineffective in control rats. (+)-Bromo-lysergic acid diethylamide (2.0 mg/kg i.p.) did not stimulate locomotor activity in 6OHDA treated rats. The locomotor stimulation produced by LSD was blocked by pretreatment with the dopamine antagonist pimozide (0.5
|
3e56d3c7-9a95-435e-ae46-1641569ae1e1
| 2 |
mg/kg i.p.). It is suggested that LSD acts as an agonist at mesolimbic dopamine receptors.
|
33752124-b591-41d1-9c5a-4f69fc95c12f
| 0 |
Effects of various inhibitors of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase on rat self-stimulation after reserpine treatment. The behavioral effects of low doses of the catecholamine (CA) synthesis inhibitor, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MPT, 50 mg/kg i.p.), or the norepinephrine (NE) synthesis inhibitors (FLA-63, 15 mg/kg i.p., U-14624, 50 mg/kg i.p., or disulfiram 150 mg/kg i.p.)
|
33752124-b591-41d1-9c5a-4f69fc95c12f
| 1 |
were studied in rats pretreated with reserpine (1 mg/kg i.p.) 24 h before. Rats were implanted either in the area ventralis tegmenti (AVT) or in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). The modifications of CA synthesis and endogenous CA levels were estimated in a parallel experiment. Reserpine treatment produced a slow decrease in self-stimulation (SS) rates during the first 12 h;
|
33752124-b591-41d1-9c5a-4f69fc95c12f
| 2 |
SS rates were 85% of control values 24 h after reserpine treatment. Injection of alpha-MPT in reserpine-pretreated rats inhibited SS (85% decrease 3 h after administration either in AVT or LH rats), whereas dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibition had no great effect on SS. The administration of very low doses of alpha-MPT (20 mg/kg i.
|
33752124-b591-41d1-9c5a-4f69fc95c12f
| 3 |
p.) to rats treated with reserpine (24 h before) plus FLA-63 (1 h before) induced an important decrease in SS rates in AVT-implanted rats only. The major conclusion is that dopaminergic neurons seem to be involved in AVT and LH SS. The last experiment suggests the involvement of a balance between dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in AVT SS.
|
9a9a25db-4df7-4545-a896-fc7fc5de49c6
| 0 |
Immunologic phagocytosis by macrophages: effect by stimulation of alpha adrenergic receptors. Alpha adrenergic stimulating drugs, metaraminol, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, was found to increase, in vitro, immunological phagocytosis by mice peritoneal macrophages. This effect could be inhibited by dibenamine, a blocking agent. The stimulation by alpha adrenergic agents was similar to that caused by drugs that reduce the intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate or by drugs that increase the levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate.
|
e6095945-8e89-4e9d-8228-15fdb05d46bc
| 0 |
[Uric acid as electronic acceptor of chicken liver's XDH (author's transl)]. Uric acid seems to act as an electronic acceptor in the dehydrogenation of hypoxanthine catalyzed by chicken liver's xanthinedehydrogenase (XDH). Oxidation was observed in crude homogenates under anaerobic conditions, although dialyzed homogenates or purified hepatic XDH also induce a similar action either in aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
|
e6095945-8e89-4e9d-8228-15fdb05d46bc
| 1 |
The reaction pH optimum is about 6.0. Xanthine appears to be the only inhibited product of the reaction when its concentration is greater than 1 X 10(-4) M. When hypoxanthine and uric acid concentrations exceed 2 X 10(-3) M and 1 X 10(-4) M, respectively, they induce inhibition by substrate.
|
e6095945-8e89-4e9d-8228-15fdb05d46bc
| 2 |
Purine is a fairly good substrate of XDH when uric acid acts as acceptor. Allopurinol inhibits hypoxanthine oxidation by uric acid in the presence of XDH. XDH also catalyzes the dismutation of xanthine to hypoxanthine and uric acid.
|
049c4d44-2bbb-4cec-bedc-3ca855334331
| 0 |
Studies on the anoxic inhibition of myocardial protein synthesis. The present study demonstrates that exposure of cardiac muscle to high levels of glucose during anoxia appears to retard damage to myocardial protein synthesis. The mechanism of this "glucose" effect is glucose-specific and appears related to the intracellular metabolism of glucose by the anoxic myocardium.
|
64705c62-5033-4bb7-b5a6-dd74b1810a8f
| 0 |
Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and palmitoyl coenzyme A hydrolase in cardiac subcellular fractions. The characteristics of the two enzymes related to fatty acid esterifaction were studied in order to provide fundamental information leading to further understanding of the control of myocardial glyceride formation. Palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase are both distributed unevenly among heart subcellular fractions. The activity of the latter enzyme in subcellular fractions changes independently in response to Mg2+ addition and in response to thyroid hormone treatment of animals.
|
837014a4-5657-4a38-9323-20f829ddc99c
| 0 |
Force development of isoproterenol-damaged frog heart muscle in cyanide anoxia. From recent experiments it is indicated that in frogs living at +25 degrees C the abnormal response to cyanide anoxia appears as soon as 4-5 hr after the first isoproterenol (IPR) injection, but the aneurysm does not appear until a few hours after the second injection of IPR.
|
837014a4-5657-4a38-9323-20f829ddc99c
| 1 |
There is evidently a discrepancy between the biochemical and structural effects of IPR on the heart. The biochemical effects are probably transient as we have observed that a normal response to cyanide reappears a few weeks after the second IPR injection. It might thus be concluded that IPR causes derangement to the cells also in hearts without any visible lesions and demonstrated as a lowered resistance to histotixic anoxia.
|
837014a4-5657-4a38-9323-20f829ddc99c
| 2 |
This effect precedes any structural damage if such should occur and is of a transient nature.
|
01abd50a-1e57-44bb-9168-3f85052772c4
| 0 |
The role of H+ in temporary hypoxic contractility failure: different effects of pH on the force decay and on the force recovery after reoxygenation. The contractility of isolated ventricle strips of the frog heart (Rana pipiens) was studied under temporary N2 hypoxia and during subsequent recovery after reoxygenation under different extracellular H ion concentrations (pH 6.0
|
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