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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Anthony%20Hall
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J. Anthony Hall FREng is a leading British software engineer specializing in the use of formal methods, especially the Z notation.
Anthony Hall was educated at the University of Oxford with a BA in chemistry and a DPhil in theoretical chemistry. His subsequent posts have included:
ICI Research Fellow, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Sheffield (1971–1973)
Principal Scientific Officer, British Museum Research Laboratory (1973–1980)
Senior Consultant, Systems Programming Limited (1980–1984)
Principal Consultant, Systems Designers (1984–1986)
Visiting Professor, Carnegie Mellon University (1994)
Principal Consultant, Praxis Critical Systems (1986–2004)
In particular, Hall has worked on software development using formal methods for the UK National Air Traffic Services (NATS). He has been an invited speaker at conferences concerned with formal methods, requirements engineering and software engineering.
Since 2004, Hall has been an independent consultant. He has also been a visiting professor at the University of York. Hall was the founding chair of ForTIA, the Formal Techniques Industry Association.
Selected publications
Anthony Hall, Seven Myths of Formal Methods, IEEE Software, September 1990, pp. 11–19.
Anthony Hall and Roderick Chapman, Correctness by Construction: Developing a Commercial Secure System, IEEE Software, January/February 2002, pp. 18–25.
References
Career history
External links
Anthony Hall website
Living people
British com
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones%20College%20%28Florida%29
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Jones College was a private college in Jacksonville, Florida. Founded in 1918, the college was non-profit and had an undergraduate body of roughly 350 students. It offered courses in business, education, management, medical assistant training, computer science and general studies. The school was not regionally accredited, although it was nationally accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS).
On December 12, 2016, John King Jr., the United States Secretary of Education, finalized the process of revoking the U.S. Department of Education's recognition of ACICS as an accreditor. Subsequently, Jones College announced it would close on December 31, 2017. Its last classes were held in August 2017.
Campuses
The college's main campus was located in the Arlington neighborhood of Jacksonville at the foot of the Mathews Bridge. The school also offered distance learning, and had a student to faculty ratio of 12:1 in on-campus classrooms.
History
Jones College, originally Jones Business College, held its first classes in a private home. It later became the first business college to have a student dormitory.
The school had national accreditation from the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS). It was certified to operate in Florida by the Commission for Independent Education (CIE) and approved by CIE to grant degrees at both the associate's level and the bachelor's level of academic study. By the end of its operation, Jo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loker%20Hydrocarbon%20Research%20Institute
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Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute is on the campus of the University of Southern California. G. K. Surya Prakash serves as the Director and holds the George A. and Judith A. Olah Nobel Laureate Chair of Chemistry.
The institute conducts research in polymer science, materials chemistry, and hydrocarbon chemistry.
References
External links
Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
Chemical research institutes
Research institutes in California
Institutes of the University of Southern California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20A.%20Todd
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John A. Todd may refer to:
J. A. Todd (1908–1994), British geometer
John A. Todd (biologist), professor of medical genetics at the University of Cambridge
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadows%20of%20the%20Mind
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Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness is a 1994 book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose that serves as a followup to his 1989 book The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics.
Penrose hypothesizes that:
Human consciousness is non-algorithmic, and thus is not capable of being modelled by a conventional Turing machine type of digital computer.
Quantum mechanics plays an essential role in the understanding of human consciousness; specifically, he believes that microtubules within neurons support quantum superpositions.
The objective collapse of the quantum wavefunction of the microtubules is critical for consciousness.
The collapse in question is physical behaviour that is non-algorithmic and transcends the limits of computability.
The human mind has abilities that no Turing machine could possess because of this mechanism of non-computable physics.
Argument
Mathematical thought
In 1931, the mathematician and logician Kurt Gödel proved his incompleteness theorems, showing that any effectively generated theory capable of expressing elementary arithmetic cannot be both consistent and complete. Further to that, for any consistent formal theory that proves certain basic arithmetic truths, there is an arithmetical statement that is true, but not provable in the theory. The essence of Penrose's argument is that while a formal proof system cannot, because of the theorem, prove its own incompleteness, Gödel-type r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCSS
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NCSS may refer to:
National Center for Sports Safety
National Computer Science School
National Cooperative Soil Survey
National Council for the Social Studies
National Council of Social Service (Singapore)
National Council of Social Services (United Kingdom)
National CSS, a computer time-sharing vendor of the 60s-80s
NCSS (statistical software)
Niue Community Service Star
Northwoods Community Secondary School
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Fleischmann
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Rudolf Fleischmann (1 May 1903 – 3 February 2002) was a German experimental nuclear physicist from Erlangen, Bavaria. He worked for Walther Bothe at the Physics Institute of the University of Heidelberg and then at the Institute for Physics of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research. Through his association with Bothe, he became involved in the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club; one of Fleischmann's areas of interest was isotope separation techniques. In 1941 he was appointed associate professor of experimental physics at the newly established Reichsuniversität Straßburg, in France. Late in 1944, he was arrested under the American Operation Alsos and sent to the United States. After he returned to Germany 1946, he became Director of the State Physical Institute at the University of Hamburg and developed it as a center of nuclear research. In 1953, he took a position at the University of Erlangen and achieved emeritus status in 1969. He was a signatory of the Göttingen Manifesto in 1957.
Education
From 1922 to 1926, Fleischmann studied at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. He received his doctorate in 1929 under Bernhard Gudden, director of the Physics Institute at Erlangen; the subject of his thesis was on the photoelectric effect in solid-state physics.
Career
In 1931, Fleischmann became a teaching assistant to Robert Pohl, director of the I. Physikalische Institut (Fir
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20E.%20Moerner
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William Esco Moerner, also known as W. E. Moerner, (born June 24, 1953) is an American physical chemist and chemical physicist with current work in the biophysics and imaging of single molecules. He is credited with achieving the first optical detection and spectroscopy of a single molecule in condensed phases, along with his postdoc, Lothar Kador. Optical study of single molecules has subsequently become a widely used single-molecule experiment in chemistry, physics and biology. In 2014, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Early life and education
Moerner was born in Pleasanton, California, in 1953 June 24 the son of Bertha Frances (Robinson) and William Alfred Moerner. He was a boy scout, with the Boy Scouts of America and became an Eagle Scout. He attended Washington University in St. Louis for undergraduate studies as an Alexander S. Langsdorf Engineering Fellow, and obtained three degrees: a B.S. in physics with Final Honors, a B.S. in electrical engineering with Final Honors, and an A.B. in mathematics summa cum laude in 1975. This was followed by graduate study, partially supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, at Cornell University in the group of Albert J. Sievers III. Here he received an M.S. degree and a Ph.D. degree in physics in 1978 and 1982, respectively. His doctoral thesis was on vibrational relaxation dynamics of an IR-laser-excited molecular impurity mode in alkali halide lattices. Throughout his school years, M
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodec%20space
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In topology and related areas of mathematics, a topological space is a nodec space if every nowhere dense subset of is closed. This concept was introduced and studied by .
References
.
General topology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahi%20Binebine
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Mahi Binebine () is a Moroccan painter and novelist born in Marrakech in 1959. Binebine has written six novels which have been translated into various languages.
Career
Born in 1959 in Marrakech, Mahi Binebine moved in Paris in 1980 to continue his studies in mathematics, which he taught for eight years. He then devoted himself to writing and painting. He wrote several novels, which have been translated into a dozen languages. He emigrated to New York from 1994 to 1999. His paintings are part of the permanent collection at the Guggenheim Museum in New York. He returned to Marrakech in 2002 where he currently lives and works.
In "Mamaya’s Last Journey" the author is drawing on an episode from his own family history. His brother Aziz was one of the young officers who had taken part in the failed military coup against King Hassan II in 1971. For 18 years, he was imprisoned in the desert camp of Tazmamart, under conditions of unimaginable and almost indescribable brutality. Of the 56 prisoners, only half survived; among them, Aziz Binebine. Mahi Binebine's fellow writer Tahar Ben Jelloun took this story as the basis for his novel This Blinding Absence of Light.
Welcome to Paradise, the English translation of Cannibales (by Lulu Norman) was short-listed for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize in 2004. Horses of God, also translated by Lulu Norman (original: Les étoiles de Sidi Moumen), was shortlisted for the Best Translated Book Award in 2014. It was made into a feature fil
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation%20rigid%20group
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In mathematics, in the representation theory of groups, a group is said to be representation rigid if for every , it has only finitely many isomorphism classes of complex irreducible representations of dimension .
External links
The proalgebraic completion of rigid groups
Properties of groups
Representation theory of groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capable%20group
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In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a group is said to be capable if it occurs as the inner automorphism group of some group. These groups were first studied by Reinhold Baer, who showed that a finite abelian group is capable if and only if it is a product of cyclic groups of orders n1, ..., nk where ni divides ni +1 and nk −1 = nk.
References
External links
Bounds on the index of the center in capable groups
Properties of groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn%20Boyd%20Granville
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Evelyn Boyd Granville (May 1, 1924 – June 27, 2023) was the second African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics from an American university; she earned it in 1949 from Yale University. She graduated from Smith College in 1945. She performed pioneering work in the field of computing.
Education
Evelyn Boyd was born in Washington, D.C.; her father worked odd jobs due to the Great Depression but separated from her mother when Boyd was young. Boyd and her older sister were raised by her mother and aunt, who both worked at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. She was valedictorian at Dunbar High School, which at that time was a segregated but academically competitive school for black students in Washington.
With financial support from her aunt and a small partial scholarship from Phi Delta Kappa, Boyd entered Smith College in the fall of 1941. She majored in mathematics and physics, but also took a keen interest in astronomy. She was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and to Sigma Xi and graduated summa cum laude in 1945. Encouraged by a graduate scholarship from the Smith Student Aid Society of Smith College, she applied to graduate programs in mathematics and was accepted by both Yale University and the University of Michigan; she chose Yale because of the financial aid they offered. There she studied functional analysis under the supervision of Einar Hille, finishing her doctorate in 1949. Her dissertation was "On Laguerre Series in the Complex Domain".
Career
Following g
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heegner%20point
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In mathematics, a Heegner point is a point on a modular curve that is the image of a quadratic imaginary point of the upper half-plane. They were defined by Bryan Birch and named after Kurt Heegner, who used similar ideas to prove Gauss's conjecture on imaginary quadratic fields of class number one.
Gross–Zagier theorem
The Gross–Zagier theorem describes the height of Heegner points in terms of a derivative of the L-function of the elliptic curve at the point s = 1. In particular if the elliptic curve has (analytic) rank 1, then the Heegner points can be used to construct a rational point on the curve of infinite order (so the Mordell–Weil group has rank at least 1). More generally, showed that Heegner points could be used to construct rational points on the curve for each positive integer n, and the heights of these points were the coefficients of a modular form of weight 3/2. Shou-Wu Zhang generalized the Gross–Zagier theorem from elliptic curves to the case of modular abelian varieties (, ).
Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture
Kolyvagin later used Heegner points to construct Euler systems, and used this to prove much of the Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for rank 1 elliptic curves. Brown proved the Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for most rank 1 elliptic curves over global fields of positive characteristic .
Computation
Heegner points can be used to compute very large rational points on rank 1 elliptic curves (see for a survey) that could not be found by naive m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20M.%20Naghdi
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Paul Mansour Naghdi (March 29, 1924 – July 9, 1994) was a professor of mechanical engineering at University of California, Berkeley.
Early life and education
Paul Naghdi was born in Tehran on March 29, 1924. In 1943, in order to pursue his education, he undertook a perilous voyage to the United States, during which he helped navigate the ship. He studied mechanical engineering at Cornell University and graduated in January 1946. After a short period in the United States Army Corps of Engineers, he enrolled in the graduate program in the engineering mechanics department of the University of Michigan in the summer of 1946. He was granted U.S. citizenship in 1948. Also in 1948, he received an M.S. degree. He earned a doctorate in 1951.
Career
During the period 1949 to 1951, he held the position of instructor in engineering mechanics, and upon receipt of the Ph.D., he was appointed assistant professor at Ann Arbor.
He was promoted rapidly—to associate professor in 1953 and to full professor the following year.
He moved to UC Berkeley in 1958 as professor of engineering science, and played an important role in the establishment of the Division of Applied Mechanics in the Department of Mechanical Engineering here. From 1964 to 1969, he served as chairman of the division. From 1991 onwards, he held the Roscoe and Elizabeth Hughes Chair in Mechanical Engineering, and in 1994 he was advanced to the newly instituted position of professor in the graduate school.
He was an active me
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigid%20analytic%20space
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In mathematics, a rigid analytic space is an analogue of a complex analytic space over a nonarchimedean field. Such spaces were introduced by John Tate in 1962, as an outgrowth of his work on uniformizing p-adic elliptic curves with bad reduction using the multiplicative group. In contrast to the classical theory of p-adic analytic manifolds, rigid analytic spaces admit meaningful notions of analytic continuation and connectedness.
Definitions
The basic rigid analytic object is the n-dimensional unit polydisc, whose ring of functions is the Tate algebra , made of power series in n variables whose coefficients approach zero in some complete nonarchimedean field k. The Tate algebra is the completion of the polynomial ring in n variables under the Gauss norm (taking the supremum of coefficients), and the polydisc plays a role analogous to that of affine n-space in algebraic geometry. Points on the polydisc are defined to be maximal ideals in the Tate algebra, and if k is algebraically closed, these correspond to points in whose coordinates have norm at most one.
An affinoid algebra is a k-Banach algebra that is isomorphic to a quotient of the Tate algebra by an ideal. An affinoid is then the subset of the unit polydisc on which the elements of this ideal vanish, i.e., it is the set of maximal ideals containing the ideal in question. The topology on affinoids is subtle, using notions of affinoid subdomains (which satisfy a universality property with respect to maps of af
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barto
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Barto may refer to:
Agniya Barto (1906–1981), Russian poet and children's writer
Barry Barto (born 1950), American soccer player and coach
Barto Township, Roseau County, Minnesota
Barto, Pennsylvania
Andrew Barto (born 1948), professor of computer science
Tzimon Barto (born 1963), American pianist
Barto (band), an electropunk and electroclash band from Saint Petersburg, Russia
Barto and Mann, a comedic dance act from the late 1920s to the early 1940s
El Barto, an alter ego of Bart Simpson in The Simpsons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTZ
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CTZ may refer to:
Chemoreceptor trigger zone in neuroscience
CTZ is the ICAO airline designator for CATA Línea Aérea, Argentina
CTZ is the IATA airport code for Sampson County Airport, United States
CTZ is the United States Federal Aviation Administration location identifier for Sampson County Airport
Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, Russia
Cyclothiazide, a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor
Central Time Zone
Count trailing zeros, a computer programming bit operation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne%20Clarke
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Adrienne Elizabeth Clarke (née Petty; born 6 January 1938) is Professor Emeritus of Botany at the University of Melbourne, where she ran the Plant Cell Biology Research Centre from 1982–1999. She is a former chairman of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO, 1991–1996), former Lieutenant Governor of Victoria (1997–2000) and former Chancellor of La Trobe University (2011–2017).
Biography
Born in Melbourne, Clarke reports she experienced some sexism as a bright student in the 1950s. She attended Ruyton Girls' School and entered the University of Melbourne in 1955 where she was a resident of Janet Clarke Hall (then still part of Trinity College) reading Science. She graduated with an Honours degree in Biological Sciences in 1959, and gained her PhD in 1963. She married Charles Peter Clarke on 14 August 1959.
In 1964 she became a research fellow at the United Dental Hospital of Sydney, then moved to Baylor University in Houston and the University of Michigan, later teaching at the University of Auckland. She worked at the University of Melbourne as Research Fellow (1969–1977), then lecturer, senior lecturer and reader before being appointed Professor of Botany in 1985 and Laureate Professor in 1999. She retired from the University in 2005.
Clarke is a former chairman of CSIRO (1991–1996) and a former Lieutenant Governor of Victoria (1997–2000). She is a Fellow of Janet Clarke Hall at the University of Melbourne. In 2010 she joined the La Tr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Chen
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William Chen (born 1970 in Williamsburg, Virginia) is an American quantitative analyst, poker player, software designer, and badminton player.
Biography
Chen holds a Ph.D. in mathematics (1999) from the University of California, Berkeley. He was an undergraduate at Washington University in St. Louis triple-majoring in Physics, Math, and Computer Science, and was also a research intern in Washington University's Computer Science SURA Program where he co-wrote a technical report inventing an Argument Game. He heads the Statistical arbitrage department at Susquehanna International Group.
Poker career
At the 2006 World Series of Poker Chen won two events, a $3,000 limit Texas hold 'em event with a prize of $343,618, and a $2,500 no limit hold 'em short-handed event with a prize of $442,511. Prior to these events Chen's largest tournament win was for $41,600 at a no limit hold 'em event at the Bicycle Casino's Legends of Poker in 2000.
Chen has been a longtime participant in the rec.gambling.poker newsgroup and its B.A.R.G.E offshoot. He has also been a member of Team PokerStars.
With Jerrod Ankenman, Chen coauthored The Mathematics of Poker, an introduction to quantitative techniques and game theory as applied to poker.
In February 2009, he appeared on Poker After Dark's "Brilliant Minds" week, finishing in 5th place after his lost to Jimmy Warren's after Chen pushed all-in on a flop of .
As of 2017, his total live tournament winnings exceed $1,900,000. His 38 cashes a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldomero%20Olivera
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Baldomero Olivera (born 1941) is a Filipino chemist known for discovery of many cone snail toxins important for neuroscience. These molecules, called conotoxins, led to a breakthrough in the study of ion channels and neuromuscular synapses.
He discovered and first characterized E. coli DNA ligase, a key enzyme of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.
Olivera graduated from the University of the Philippines in 1960. He received his PhD from the California Institute of Technology (1966) in Biophysical Chemistry, followed by postdoctoral work at Stanford University from 1966 to 1968. In 1970, he moved to the University of Utah, where he is now a Distinguished Professor of Biology. His laboratory's discovery was featured on the cover of the international scientific journal Science in 1990. He was Harvard 2007 "Scientist of the Year". He is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor, has been elected into the Institute of Medicine and the American Philosophical Society, and became an Elected Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2009.
He serves as an editorial board member of various scientific publications. These have included the Journal of Biological Chemistry from 1982 to 1987, the Journal of Toxicology – Toxin Reviews from 1990 to 1993, and Toxicon from 2000 until the present. He was a member of the review committee of the journal Cellular and Molecular Basis of Disease from 1982 to 1986. Olivera has also served as a committee member of various i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borage%20seed%20oil
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Borage seed oil is derived from the seeds of the plant, Borago officinalis (borage).
Borage seed oil has one of the highest amounts of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) of seed oils — higher than blackcurrant seed oil or evening primrose oil, to which it is considered similar. GLA typically comprises about 24% of the oil.
Biology
Effects
GLA is converted to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), a precursor to a variety of the 1-series prostaglandins and the 3-series leukotrienes. It inhibits leukotriene synthesis to provide therapy in rheumatologic illness. Borage seed oil, therefore, may have anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. It has been studied for its potential to treat inflammatory disorders, arthritis, atopic eczema, and respiratory inflammation.
Uses
In herbal medicine, borage seed oil has been used for skin disorders such as eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, and neurodermatitis; it has also been used for rheumatoid arthritis, stress, premenstrual syndrome, diabetes, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), alcoholism, pain and swelling (inflammation), and for preventing heart disease and stroke. There is insufficient scientific evidence to determine the effectiveness of borage for a majority of these uses.
Several clinical studies have shown the oil to be ineffective at treating atopic eczema. Its efficacy to treat eczema was not better than placebo when taken orally.
Safety
Adverse effects
Borage oil may contain the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative%20analysis%20%28chemistry%29
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In analytical chemistry, quantitative analysis is the determination of the absolute or relative abundance (often expressed as a concentration) of one, several or all particular substance(s) present in a sample.
Methods
Once the presence of certain substances in a sample is known, the study of their absolute or relative abundance could help in determining specific properties. Knowing the composition of a sample is very important, and several ways have been developed to make it possible, like gravimetric and volumetric analysis. Gravimetric analysis yields more accurate data about the composition of a sample than volumetric analysis but also takes more time to perform in the laboratory. Volumetric analysis, on the other hand, doesn't take that much time and can produce satisfactory results. Volumetric analysis can be simply a titration based in a neutralization reaction but it can also be a precipitation or a complex forming reaction as well as a titration based in a redox reaction. However, each method in quantitative analysis has a general specification, in neutralization reactions, for example, the reaction that occurs is between an acid and a base, which yields a salt and water, hence the name neutralization. In the precipitation reactions the standard solution is in the most cases silver nitrate which is used as a reagent to react with the ions present in the sample and to form a highly insoluble precipitate. Precipitation methods are often called simply as argentometry.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlinger
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Berlinger may refer to:
Berlinger & Co. AG, a company producing doping control systems in Ganterschwil, Switzerland
Barney Berlinger (1908–2002), American decathlete
Joe Berlinger (born 1961), American documentary film-maker
Robert Berlinger (born 1958), American film and television director
Warren Berlinger (1937–2020), American actor
See also
Berling (disambiguation)
Berlingeri, a surname
Berlingerode, in Thuringia, Germany
Berlinguer, a surname
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopole%2C%20Astrophysics%20and%20Cosmic%20Ray%20Observatory
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MACRO (Monopole, Astrophysics and Cosmic Ray Observatory) was a particle physics experiment located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Abruzzo, Italy. MACRO was proposed by 6 scientific institutions in the United States and 6 Italian institutions.
The primary goal of MACRO was to search for magnetic monopoles. The active elements of MACRO were liquid scintillator and streamer tubes, optimized for high resolution tracking and timing. This design also allowed MACRO to operate as a neutrino detector and as a cosmic ray observatory.
The experiment operated from 1989 to 2000. No monopole candidates were detected, meaning that the flux of monopoles is less than 1.4×10−16 per square centimetre per steradian per second (cm−2sr−1s−1) for velocities between and (between and ).
The magnetic monopole is a theorized particle that has not yet been observed. If detected, it would disprove Gauss's law for magnetism, one of the four Maxwell's equations which describe the well-established modern understanding of electricity and magnetism.
One researcher claimed to have observed a monopole with a light-bulb-sized detector. The fact that a detector the size of multiple football pitches (MACRO) has not yet duplicated this feat leads most to disregard the earlier claim.
The MACRO project included a large cavern, approximately 800 metres underground, which was further hollowed out and housed hundreds of long chambers filled with scintillating fluid – a fluid that gives off pho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian%20filter
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In electronics and signal processing, mainly in digital signal processing, a Gaussian filter is a filter whose impulse response is a Gaussian function (or an approximation to it, since a true Gaussian response would have infinite impulse response). Gaussian filters have the properties of having no overshoot to a step function input while minimizing the rise and fall time. This behavior is closely connected to the fact that the Gaussian filter has the minimum possible group delay. A Gaussian filter will have the best combination of suppression of high frequencies while also minimizing spatial spread, being the critical point of the uncertainty principle. These properties are important in areas such as oscilloscopes and digital telecommunication systems.
Mathematically, a Gaussian filter modifies the input signal by convolution with a Gaussian function; this transformation is also known as the Weierstrass transform.
Definition
The one-dimensional Gaussian filter has an impulse response given by
and the frequency response is given by the Fourier transform
with the ordinary frequency. These equations can also be expressed with the standard deviation as parameter
and the frequency response is given by
By writing as a function of with the two equations for and as a function of with the two equations for it can be shown that the product of the standard deviation and the standard deviation in the frequency domain is given by
,
where the standard deviations are expressed
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conical%20function
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In mathematics, conical functions or Mehler functions are functions which can be expressed in terms of Legendre functions of the first and second kind,
and
The functions were introduced by Gustav Ferdinand Mehler, in 1868, when expanding in series the distance of a point on the axis of a cone to a point located on the surface of the cone. Mehler used the notation to represent these functions. He obtained integral representation and series of functions representations for them. He also established an addition theorem
for the conical functions. Carl Neumann obtained an expansion of the functions in terms
of the Legendre polynomials in 1881. Leonhardt introduced for the conical functions the equivalent of the spherical harmonics in 1882.
External links
G. F. Mehler "Ueber die Vertheilung der statischen Elektricität in einem von zwei Kugelkalotten begrenzten Körper" Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik 68, 134 (1868).
G. F. Mehler "Ueber eine mit den Kugel- und Cylinderfunctionen verwandte Function und ihre Anwendung in der Theorie der Elektricitätsvertheilung" Mathematische Annalen 18 p. 161 (1881).
C. Neumann "Ueber die Mehler'schen Kegelfunctionen und deren Anwendung auf elektrostatische Probleme" Mathematische Annalen 18 p. 195 (1881).
G. Leonhardt " Integraleigenschaften der adjungirten Kegelfunctionen" Mathematische Annalen 19 p. 578 (1882).
Milton Abramowitz and Irene Stegun (Eds.) Handbook of Mathematical Functions (Dover, 1972) p. 337
A. Gi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-pass%20filter
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An all-pass filter is a signal processing filter that passes all frequencies equally in gain, but changes the phase relationship among various frequencies. Most types of filter reduce the amplitude (i.e. the magnitude) of the signal applied to it for some values of frequency, whereas the all-pass filter allows all frequencies through without changes in level.
Common applications
A common application in electronic music production is in the design of an effects unit known as a "phaser", where a number of all-pass filters are connected in sequence and the output mixed with the raw signal.
It does this by varying its phase shift as a function of frequency. Generally, the filter is described by the frequency at which the phase shift crosses 90° (i.e., when the input and output signals go into quadrature – when there is a quarter wavelength of delay between them).
They are generally used to compensate for other undesired phase shifts that arise in the system, or for mixing with an unshifted version of the original to implement a notch comb filter.
They may also be used to convert a mixed phase filter into a minimum phase filter with an equivalent magnitude response or an unstable filter into a stable filter with an equivalent magnitude response.
Active analog implementation
Implementation using low-pass filter
The operational amplifier circuit shown in adjacent figure implements a single-pole active all-pass filter that features a low-pass filter at the non-inverting inpu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison%20Academy%20Magnet%20School
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The Edison Academy Magnet School (formerly known as the Middlesex County Academy for Science, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies) is a four-year career academy and college preparatory magnet public high school located on the campus of the Middlesex County College in Edison, in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as part of the Middlesex County Magnet Schools. The school serves students from all over Middlesex County who are eligible to apply to their program of choice while in eighth grade.
As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 172 students and 11.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 15.0:1. There were 5 students (2.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 1 (0.6% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Awards, recognition and rankings
In September 2013, the academy was one of 15 schools in New Jersey to be recognized by the United States Department of Education as part of the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program, an award called the "most prestigious honor in the United States' education system" and which Education Secretary Arne Duncan described as schools that "represent examples of educational excellence".
Schooldigger.com ranked the school as one of 16 schools tied for first out of 381 public high schools statewide in its 2011 rankings (unchanged from the 2010 ranking) which were based on the combined percentage of students classified a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20algebraic%20structures
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In mathematics, there are many types of algebraic structures which are studied. Abstract algebra is primarily the study of specific algebraic structures and their properties. Algebraic structures may be viewed in different ways, however the common starting point of algebra texts is that an algebraic object incorporates one or more sets with one or more binary operations or unary operations satisfying a collection of axioms.
Another branch of mathematics known as universal algebra studies algebraic structures in general. From the universal algebra viewpoint, most structures can be divided into varieties and quasivarieties depending on the axioms used. Some axiomatic formal systems that are neither varieties nor quasivarieties, called nonvarieties, are sometimes included among the algebraic structures by tradition.
Concrete examples of each structure will be found in the articles listed.
Algebraic structures are so numerous today that this article will inevitably be incomplete. In addition to this, there are sometimes multiple names for the same structure, and sometimes one name will be defined by disagreeing axioms by different authors. Most structures appearing on this page will be common ones which most authors agree on. Other web lists of algebraic structures, organized more or less alphabetically, include Jipsen and PlanetMath. These lists mention many structures not included below, and may present more information about some structures than is presented here.
Study
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster%20Faculty%20of%20Science
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The Faculty of Science is the largest of six faculties at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1962, the faculty is located in the Westdale neighbourhood. It houses 6,800 undergraduate students and 600 graduate students, across 39 upper-year undergraduate programs ranging from astrophysics, biochemistry, earth and environmental sciences, to life sciences, human behaviour, kinesiology and medical and radiation sciences. Notable discoveries at McMaster University include the development of neutron spectroscopy by Bertram Brockhouse which earned him a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1994.
Under the presidency of Dr. H.G. Thode in the 1960s, scientific research at McMaster was intensive and yielded important discoveries in the areas of science and engineering. In 1959, McMaster's Nuclear Reactor was built for the purpose of nuclear and medical radiation research. McMaster is the only Canadian university that contains a nuclear reactor in their campus. Scientific research at McMaster University earned the university high rankings in the areas of research and strength in science, where it is ranked seventh in Canada and 212th in the world according to QS University Rankings 2017 for Natural Sciences.
Departments, Schools and Programs of the Faculty of Science
There are 7 departments and 2 interdisciplinary schools in the Faculty of Science:
Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences
Department of Biology
Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
Sc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin%20Hobart%20Clark
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Austin Hobart Clark (December 17, 1880 – October 28, 1954) was an American zoologist. He was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts and died in Washington, D.C. His research covered a wide range of topics including oceanography, marine biology, ornithology, and entomology.
Biography
The son of Theodore Minot Clark and Jeannette French Clark, Clark obtained his Bachelor of Arts at Harvard University in 1903. He had five children with his first wife Mary Wendell Upham, whom he married on March 6, 1906. Mary died in December 1931 and Clark was remarried in 1933 to Leila Gay Forbes.
In 1901, Clark organized a scientific expedition to Isla Margarita in Venezuela. From 1903 to 1905, he conducted research in the Antilles. From 1906 to 1907, he led a scientific team aboard the 1882 USS Albatross. In 1908, he took a post at the National Museum of Natural History, which he held until his retirement in 1950.
Clark had important and various roles in a number of learned societies: he was president of the Entomological Society of Washington, vice president of the American Geophysical Union, and directed the press service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Clark was author to more than 600 publications written in English, French, Italian, German, and Russian. Some of the most well-known include Animals of Land and Sea (1925), Nature Narratives (two volumes, 1929 and 1931), The New Evolution (1930), and Animals Alive (1948).
Several animal species and genera were fi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20%28algebra%29
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In mathematics, a band (also called idempotent semigroup) is a semigroup in which every element is idempotent (in other words equal to its own square). Bands were first studied and named by .
The lattice of varieties of bands was described independently in the early 1970s by Biryukov, Fennemore and Gerhard. Semilattices, left-zero bands, right-zero bands, rectangular bands, normal bands, left-regular bands, right-regular bands and regular bands are specific subclasses of bands that lie near the bottom of this lattice and which are of particular interest; they are briefly described below.
Varieties of bands
A class of bands forms a variety if it is closed under formation of subsemigroups, homomorphic images and direct product. Each variety of bands can be defined by a single defining identity.
Semilattices
Semilattices are exactly commutative bands; that is, they are the bands satisfying the equation
for all and .
Bands induce a preorder that may be defined as if . Requiring commutativity implies that this preorder becomes a (semilattice) partial order.
Zero bands
A left-zero band is a band satisfying the equation
,
whence its Cayley table has constant rows.
Symmetrically, a right-zero band is one satisfying
,
so that the Cayley table has constant columns.
Rectangular bands
A rectangular band is a band that satisfies
for all , or equivalently,
for all ,
In any semigroup the first identity is sufficient to characterize a Nowhere commutative semigroup.
No
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20George%20Smith
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Henry George Smith (26 July 1852 – 19 September 1924) was an Australian chemist whose pioneering work on the chemistry of the essential oils of the Australian flora achieved worldwide recognition.
Smith was born at Littlebourne, Kent, England. He was educated at schools at Ickham and Wingham, and also had private tuition from the Rev. Mr Midgley, M.A. He went to Sydney in 1883 for health reasons, and in 1884 obtained a semi-scientific position on the staff of the Sydney technological museum. He began studying scientific subjects and chemistry in particular, in 1891 was appointed a laboratory assistant at the museum, and in the same year his first original paper was published in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. He became mineralogist at the museum in 1895, and in the same year in collaboration with Joseph Maiden contributed a paper on "Eucalyptus Kinos and the Occurrence of Endesmia" to the Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales. This was Smith's first contribution to organic chemistry; later on from 1898 to 1911 he lectured on this subject to evening students at the Sydney technical college.
In 1896 he began his collaboration with Richard Thomas Baker with an investigation into the essential oils of the Sydney peppermint (Eucalyptus piperita). With Baker working on the botanical side and himself on the chemical, their studies resulted in a remarkable work, A Research on the Eucalyptus especially in Regard to their Essential Oils which
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Vos
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Mark Vos (born 20 October 1983), also known as 'pokerbok', is a professional poker player from Australia. Vos was born in Cape Town, South Africa, and attended Waldorf High School in Constantia. He excelled at mathematics olympiads while in high school, and represented his province in the interprovincial olympiad. Vos permanently deferred his actuarial studies at Macquarie University, to play poker full-time. Starting out online with limit hold'em in mid-2004, Vos soon turned his attention to no-limit games, and in short time, earned a reputation as being one of the world's top online poker players, such that he can often be found playing in the most expensive cash games and tournaments online. When not travelling the world playing poker, Vos plans to divide his time between Australia and South Africa. In January 2006, Vos finished 8th in the main event of the Crown Australian Poker Championship, winning A$83,600. As of May 2006, Vos represents the Full Tilt Poker online poker cardroom as a friend of Full Tilt Poker. His name is reflected in red on Full Tilt tables.
In July 2006, Vos won Event 6 at the 2006 World Series of Poker (WSOP), the $2000 no limit hold 'em event. Outlasting a field of 1,919 players, Vos entered heads up action with Nam Le an almost 3:1 chip underdog. On the final hand, Vos raised to $90,000 preflop and Le made the call. The flop came and Le check-called a $150,000 bet by Vos. The turn was the and Le check-called for $250,000. The river brought the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piers%20Nash
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Piers David Nash (born 8 August 1969) is an entrepreneur, cancer biology professor, data evangelist, writer and technology futurist. He is the son of academic Roger Nash.
Early life and education
Born in Exeter, England, and grew up in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. In high school he competed in the Canada-Wide Science Fair in five successive years (1983–87), winning awards on each occasion and becoming one of the most highly awarded science fair participants in the history of the fair. In recognition of this he was selected to represent Canada as one of two youth delegates to the 1985 Nobel Prize lectures and ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden as part of the Stockholm International Youth Science Seminar and was awarded the International Youth Year Ontario Gold Medal. He received a BSc with honours in biochemistry from the University of Guelph, and the Chemical Institute of Canada prize for the top of class and President's Scholarship. He received a PhD in 1999 from the University of Alberta working in the laboratory of Dr. Grant McFadden investigating poxviral immunomodulatory proteins. His doctoral thesis focused on the enzymology and biological properties of the Myxoma virus encoded serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin), SERP-1. He completed postdoctoral research with Anthony Pawson at the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital and the University of Toronto from June 1999 to December 2003. In 2014, Nash received an MBA with a concentration in finance awarded wi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miroslav%20Kat%C4%9Btov
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Miroslav Katětov (; March 17, 1918, Chembar, Russia – December 15, 1995) was a Czech mathematician, chess master, and psychologist. His research interests in mathematics included topology and functional analysis. He was an author of the Katětov–Tong insertion theorem. From 1953 to 1957 he was rector of Charles University in Prague.
External links
Biography
1918 births
1995 deaths
People from Penza Oblast
Czechoslovak mathematicians
Topologists
Czech chess players
Czech psychologists
Charles University alumni
Rectors of Charles University
Czech expatriates in Russia
20th-century chess players
20th-century psychologists
Soviet emigrants to Czechoslovakia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hing%20Tong
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Hing Tong (16 February 1922 – 4 March 2007) was an American mathematician. He is well known for providing the original proof of the Katetov–Tong insertion theorem.
Life
Hing Tong was born in Canton, China. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1947, he received his doctorate in mathematics from Columbia University, where his thesis advisor was Edgar Lorch. In 1956, he married fellow mathematician, Mary Powderly. He was the father of five children.
Work
Hing Tong made many significant contributions to the area of algebraic topology, and served in a number of academic capacities. In 1947, after receiving a National Research Council fellowship, he became an assistant professor at Barnard College (Columbia University). In 1955, he was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Also in 1955, he was appointed professor of mathematics (and eventually chairman of the mathematics department) at Wesleyan University. He later became a professor of mathematics at Fordham University, where he also served as chairman of the department. He was listed among the Outstanding Educators of America in 1973. Tong retired from academia in 1984 to concentrate on research in theoretical physics. A commemorative brick in the Paul Halmos Commemorative Walk at the Carriage House Conference Center of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) in Washington, DC, reads: "Hing Tong, Topology and Physics".
Important publications
Hing Tong, "
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poleumita
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Poleumita is an extinct genus of medium-sized sea snails, fossil marine gastropods in the family Euomphalidae. This genus is known from the Silurian period.
References
External links
Paleobiology database
Photo of one species and more info
Euomphalidae
Paleozoic life of Ontario
Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories
Paleozoic life of Nunavut
Silurian gastropods
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsupiocrinus
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Marsupiocrinus is an extinct genus of crinoids that lived from the Silurian to the Early Devonian in North America.
References
External links
Marsupiocrinus in the Paleobiology Database
Monobathrida
Prehistoric crinoid genera
Silurian crinoids
Devonian crinoids
Prehistoric echinoderms of North America
Silurian first appearances
Early Devonian genus extinctions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvan%20Learning
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Sylvan Learning, Inc. (formerly Sylvan Learning Corporation) consists of franchised and corporate supplemental learning centers which provide personalized instruction in reading, writing, mathematics, study skills, homework support, and test preparation for college entrance and state exams. Some centers also offer STEM courses in robotics and coding. Sylvan provides personalized learning programs and primarily serves students in primary and secondary education.
History
Sylvan Learning began in Portland, Oregon in 1979 at the Sylvan Hill Medical Center Building. It was founded by former school teacher W. Berry Fowler, who had also worked with the educational company The Reading Game. By 1983, Sylvan had dozens of franchises and moved its headquarters to Bellevue, WA. In 1986, having over 500 franchises, Sylvan went public on the NASDAQ exchange and used funds to develop corporate learning centers in key cities. By July 1987, KinderCare, then based in Montgomery, AL, owned the majority of stock and moved the company to Alabama. Most of the staff did not relocate.
In 1991 the company was taken over by R. Christopher Hoehn-Saric and Douglas L. Becker. In 1997 the company had an annual revenues of $246 million, and in addition to tutoring centers, Sylvan had expanded to offer teacher training, computerized testing, distance learning, and other services.
In 2003, Sylvan Learning was purchased by Apollo Management from Sylvan Learning Systems Inc., its parent company. (Sylvan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Pippard
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Sir Alfred Brian Pippard, FRS (7 September 1920 – 21 September 2008), was a British physicist. He was Cavendish Professor of Physics from 1971 until 1982 and an Honorary Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, of which he was the first President.
Biography
Pippard was educated at Clifton College and Clare College, Cambridge, where he graduated with MA (Cantab) and PhD degrees.
After working as a scientific officer in radar research during the Second World War, he was appointed as a Demonstrator in Physics at the University of Cambridge in 1946, subsequently becoming a Lecturer in the subject in 1950, a Reader in 1959, and the first John Humphrey Plummer Professor of Physics a year later. In 1971 he was elected Cavendish Professor of Physics.
Pippard demonstrated the reality, as opposed to the mere abstract concept, of Fermi surfaces in metals by establishing the shape of the Fermi surface of copper through measuring the reflection and absorption of microwave electromagnetic radiation (see the anomalous skin effect). He also introduced the notion of coherence length in superconductors in his proposal for the non-local generalisation of the London equations concerning electrodynamics in superfluids and superconductors. The non-local kernel proposed by Pippard, inferred on the basis of Chambers' non-local generalisation of Ohm's law) can be deduced within the framework of the BCS (Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer) theory of superconductivity (a comprehensive description of the detail
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACMG
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ACMG may refer to:
Association of Canadian Mountain Guides
American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association%20of%20Canadian%20Mountain%20Guides
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These initials may also mean the American College of Medical Genetics.
The Association of Canadian Mountain Guides (ACMG) is Canada's only internationally recognised mountain guide association. The association has over 1400 members, and coordinates internationally recognised training and certification programmes.
The ACMG is a registered non-profit society with an elected, volunteer executive. The association and its activities are funded primarily by membership dues and donations.
History
The ACMG was formed in 1963 with the encouragement of Parks Canada. In 1972, the ACMG became the first non European member of the International Federation of Mountain Guides Associations (IFMGA), the international body that sets professional standards for mountain guides worldwide.
External links
The official ACMG web site
Professional associations based in Canada
Mountain guides associations
Mountaineering in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsteroid
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Norsteroids (nor-, L. norma, from "normal" in chemistry, indicating carbon removal) are a structural class of steroids that have had an atom or atoms (typically carbon) removed, biosynthetically or synthetically, from positions of branching off of rings or side chains (e.g., removal of methyl groups), or from within rings of the steroid ring system. For instance, 19-norsteroids (e.g., 19-norprogesterone) constitute an important class of natural and synthetic steroids derived by removal of the methyl group of the natural product progesterone; the equivalent change between testosterone and 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone) is illustrated below.
Examples
Norsteroid examples include: 19-norpregnane (from pregnane), desogestrel, ethylestrenol, etynodiol diacetate, ethinylestradiol, gestrinone, levonorgestrel, norethisterone (norethindrone), norgestrel, norpregnatriene (from pregnatriene), quinestrol, 19-norprogesterone (from a progesterone), Nomegestrol acetate, 19-nortestosterone (from a testosterone), and norethisterone acetate.
References
External links
Steroids
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanishing%20cycle
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In mathematics, vanishing cycles are studied in singularity theory and other parts of algebraic geometry. They are those homology cycles of a smooth fiber in a family which vanish in the singular fiber.
For example, in a map from a connected complex surface to the complex projective line, a generic fiber is a smooth Riemann surface of some fixed genus g and, generically, there will be isolated points in the target whose preimages are nodal curves. If one considers an isolated critical value and a small loop around it, in each fiber, one can find a smooth loop such that the singular fiber can be obtained by pinching that loop to a point. The loop in the smooth fibers gives an element of the first homology group of a surface, and the monodromy of the critical value is defined to be the monodromy of the first homology of the fibers as the loop is traversed, i.e. an invertible map of the first homology of a (real) surface of genus g.
A classical result is the Picard–Lefschetz formula, detailing how the monodromy round the singular fiber acts on the vanishing cycles, by a shear mapping.
The classical, geometric theory of Solomon Lefschetz was recast in purely algebraic terms, in SGA7. This was for the requirements of its application in the context of l-adic cohomology; and eventual application to the Weil conjectures. There the definition uses derived categories, and looks very different. It involves a functor, the nearby cycle functor, with a definition by means of the highe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucherer%20reaction
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The Bucherer reaction in organic chemistry is the reversible conversion of a naphthol to a naphthylamine in the presence of ammonia and sodium bisulfite. The reaction is widely used in the synthesis of dye precursors aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids.
C10H7-2-OH + NH3 C10H7-2-NH2 + H2O
The French chemist Robert Lepetit was the first to discover the reaction in 1898. The German chemist Hans Theodor Bucherer (1869–1949) discovered (independent from Lepetit) its reversibility and its potential especially in industrial chemistry. Bucherer published his results in 1904 and his name is connected to this reaction. The organic reaction also goes by the name Bucherer-Lepetit reaction or (wrongly) the Bucherer-Le Petit reaction.
The reaction is used to convert 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene into 7-amino-1-naphthol and 1-aminonaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid into 1-hydroxynaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid. It is also useful for transamination reactions of 2-aminonaphthalenes.
Mechanism
In the first step of the reaction mechanism a proton adds to a carbon atom with high electron density therefore by preference to C2 or C4 of naphthol (1). This leads to resonance stabilized adducts 1a-1e.
De-aromatization of the first ring of the naphthalene system occurs at the expense of 25 kcal/mol. In the next step a bisulfite anion adds to C3 through 1e. This results in the formation of 3a which tautomerizes to the more stable 3b to the sulfonic acid of tetralone. A nucleophilic addition follows of the a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-Huey%20Wong
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Chi-Huey Wong (; born 3 August 1948) is a Taiwanese-American biochemist. He is currently the Scripps Family Chair Professor at the Scripps Research Institute, California in the department of chemistry. He is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, as awarded the 2014 Wolf Prize in Chemistry and 2015 RSC Robert Robinson Award. Wong is also the holder of more than 100 patents and publisher of more 700 scholarly academic research papers under his name.
Education
Wong received his BS and MS in Biochemical Sciences from National Taiwan University in Taipei, followed by his PhD in chemistry in 1982 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the direction of Professor George M. Whitesides to study the use of enzymes as catalysts in organic synthesis.
Research and career
Wong continued his postdoctoral research work with George M. Whitesides at Harvard University from 1982 to 1983, then began his independent career at Texas A&M University in the chemistry department. During his tenure at Texas A&M University, he went through the ranks including assistant professor, associate professor, and professor of chemistry.
Wong was appointed as the Ernest W. Hahn Chair and professor of chemistry at the Scripps Research Institute and while he was a faculty member at Scripps, he also served as head of the Frontier Research Program on Glycotechnology at Riken in Japan and director of the Genomics Research Center at Academia Sinica, and was later appointed by the Pr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuson
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In condensed matter physics, the diffuson is a disorder-averaged electron-hole propagator, a mathematical object which often appears in the theory of disordered electronic systems. The poles of the propagator can be identified with diffusion modes.
In a disordered system, the motion of an electron is not ballistic, but diffusive: i.e., the electron does not move along a straight line, but experiences a series of random scatterings off of impurities. This random motion (diffusion) is described by a differential equation, known as the diffusion equation. The diffuson is the Green's function of the diffusion equation.
The diffuson plays an important role in the theory of electron transport in disordered systems, especially for phase coherent effects such as universal conductance fluctuations.
References
Diffusion
Mesoscopic physics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20organ%20%28fish%29
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In biology, the electric organ is an organ that an electric fish uses to create an electric field. Electric organs are derived from modified muscle or in some cases nerve tissue, and have evolved at least six times among the elasmobranchs and teleosts. These fish use their electric discharges for navigation, communication, mating, defence, and in strongly electric fish also for the incapacitation of prey.
The electric organs of two strongly electric fish, the torpedo ray and the electric eel were first studied in the 1770s by John Walsh, Hugh Williamson, and John Hunter. Charles Darwin used them as an instance of convergent evolution in his 1859 On the Origin of Species. Modern study began with Hans Lissmann's 1951 study of electroreception and electrogenesis in Gymnarchus niloticus.
Research history
Detailed descriptions of the powerful shocks that the electric catfish could give were written in ancient Egypt.
In the 1770s the electric organs of the torpedo ray and electric eel were the subject of Royal Society papers by John Walsh, Hugh Williamson, and John Hunter, who discovered what is now called Hunter's organ. These appear to have influenced the thinking of Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta – the founders of electrophysiology and electrochemistry.
In the 19th century, Charles Darwin discussed the electric organs of the electric eel and the torpedo ray in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species as a likely example of convergent evolution: "But if the electric organ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinberg%20representation
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In mathematics, the Steinberg representation, or Steinberg module or Steinberg character, denoted by St, is a particular linear representation of a reductive algebraic group over a finite field or local field, or a group with a BN-pair. It is analogous to the 1-dimensional sign representation ε of a Coxeter or Weyl group that takes all reflections to –1.
For groups over finite fields, these representations were introduced by , first for the general linear groups, then for classical groups, and then for all Chevalley groups, with a construction that immediately generalized to the other groups of Lie type that were discovered soon after by Steinberg, Suzuki and Ree.
Over a finite field of characteristic p, the Steinberg representation has degree equal to the largest power of p dividing the order of the group.
The Steinberg representation is the Alvis–Curtis dual of the trivial 1-dimensional representation.
, , and defined analogous Steinberg representations (sometimes called special representations) for algebraic groups over local fields. For the general linear group GL(2), the dimension of the Jacquet module of a special representation is always one.
The Steinberg representation of a finite group
The character value of St on an element g equals, up to sign, the order of a Sylow subgroup of the centralizer of g if g has order prime to p, and is zero if the order of g is divisible by p.
The Steinberg representation is equal to an alternating sum over all parabolic subgroup
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Robert%20Brown
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James Robert Brown (born 1949) is a Canadian philosopher of science. He is an emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto. In the philosophy of mathematics, he has advocated mathematical Platonism, visual reasoning, and in the philosophy of science he has defended scientific realism mostly against anti-realist views associated with social constructivism. He has also argued for the socialization of medical research (especially pharmaceutical research). He is largely known for his work on thought experiments.
Elected: Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina –
Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften) 2004, Royal Society of Canada 2007, Académie Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences 2010
Brown was born in Montreal, Quebec. He is married to the philosopher Kathleen Okruhlik.
Books
1989 The Rational and the Social (Routledge 1989)
1991 The Laboratory of the Mind: Thought Experiments in the Natural Sciences (Routledge 1991, second edition 2010)
1994 Smoke and Mirrors: How Science Reflects Reality (Routledge 1994)
1999 Philosophy of Mathematics: An Introduction to the World of Proofs and Pictures (Routledge 1999, second edition 2008)
2001 Who Rules in Science? An Opinionated Guide to the Wars (Harvard 2001)
2012 Platonism, Naturalism, and Mathematical Knowledge (Routledge 2012)
2017 On Foundations of Seismology: Bringing Idealizations Down to Earth (with M. Slawinski)
Books edited include:
2012 Thought Experiments
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%E2%80%93nickel%20alloy
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An iron–nickel alloy or nickel–iron alloy, abbreviated FeNi or NiFe, is a group of alloys consisting primarily of the elements nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe). It is the main constituent of the "iron" planetary cores and iron meteorites. In chemistry, the acronym NiFe refers to an iron–nickel catalyst or component involved in various chemical reactions, or the reactions themselves; in geology, it refers to the main constituents of telluric planetary cores (including Earth's).
Some manufactured alloys of iron–nickel are called nickel steel or stainless steel. Depending on the intended use of the alloy, these are usually fortified with small amounts of other metals, such as chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, and titanium.
Astronomy and geology
Iron and nickel are the most abundant elements produced during the final stage of stellar nucleosynthesis in massive stars. Heavier elements require other forms of nucleosynthesis, such as during a supernova or neutron star merger. Iron and nickel are the most abundant metals in metallic meteorites and in the dense metal cores of telluric planets, such as Earth.
Nickel–iron alloys occur naturally on Earth's surface as telluric iron or meteoric iron.
Chemistry and metallurgy
The affinity of nickel atoms (atomic number 28) for iron (atomic number 26) results in natural occurring alloys and a large number of commercial alloys. The surfaces of these metallic compounds provide a complex electron environment for catalyzing chemical reactions.
In stee
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard%20Mahler
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Eduard Mahler (, September 28, 1857, in Cífer, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire – June 29, 1945, in Újpest) was a Hungarian-Austrian astronomer, Orientalist, and natural scientist.
He graduated from a Vienna public school in 1876 and then studied mathematics and physics at the University of Vienna, receiving his degree in 1880. From November 1, 1882 until the death of Theodor von Oppolzer in December, 1886, Mahler participated in Oppolzer's research. On June 1, 1885, he was an appointed an assistant in the royal Austrian Institute of Weights and Measures.
Mahler devoted himself chiefly to chronology. In early life, he paid considerable attention to ancient Oriental history, Assyriology, and Egyptology, in which subjects he was a present private docent at the University of Budapest. On September 6, 1889, he received the royal medal Litteris et Artibus of Sweden and Norway; and in 1898 he became an official at the Hungarian National Museum.
Literary works
Mahler has published:
"Fundamentalsätze der Allgemeinen Flächentheorie," Vienna, 1881;
"Astronomische Untersuchung über die in der Bibel erwähnte ägyptische Finsterniss," ib. 1885;
"Die Centralen Sonnenfinsternisse," ib. 1885;
"Biblische Chronologie und Zeitrechnung der Hebräer," ib. 1887;
"Fortsetzung der Wüstenfeld'schen Vergleichungs-Tabellen der Muhammedanischen und Christlichen Zeitrechnung," Leipzig, 1887;
"Chronologische Vergleichungs-Tabellen," Vienna, 1889;
"Maimonides' Kiddusch-Hachodesch," ib. 1890 (tr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cribellum
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Cribellum literally means "little sieve", and in biology the term generally applies to anatomical structures in the form of tiny perforated plates.
In certain groups of diatoms it refers to microscopically punctured regions of the frustule, or outer layer.
In certain groups of spider species, so-called cribellate spiders, the cribellum is a silk spinning organ. Unlike the usual spinnerets of spiders, the cribellum consists of one or more plates covered in thousands of tiny spigots, tiny holes that hardly project from the surface, in contrast to the elongated spigots that project from spinnerets. These minute spigots produce extremely fine fibers, merely tens of nanometres thick, which are combed out by the spider's calamistrum, producing silk with a woolly texture. The fibers are so small in diameter that they are strongly subject to Van der Waals forces. In addition, the fibres have a surface that absorbs waxes from the epicuticle of insect prey on contact. This creates a powerful adhesion without any liquid glue that tends to dry out.
The spider cribellum is a functional homolog of the anterior median spinnerets of Mesothelae and Mygalomorphae, which do not have a cribellum.
Ancestral trait
The presence or absence of a cribellum is used to classify araneomorph spiders into the cribellate and ecribellate (not cribellate) type. The distinction can be used to study evolutionary relationships. However, in 1967 it was discovered that there are many families with both cr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuktibh%C4%81%E1%B9%A3%C4%81
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Yuktibhāṣā (), also known as Gaṇita-yukti-bhāṣā and (English: Compendium of Astronomical Rationale), is a major treatise on mathematics and astronomy, written by the Indian astronomer Jyesthadeva of the Kerala school of mathematics around 1530. The treatise, written in Malayalam, is a consolidation of the discoveries by Madhava of Sangamagrama, Nilakantha Somayaji, Parameshvara, Jyeshtadeva, Achyuta Pisharati, and other astronomer-mathematicians of the Kerala school. It also exists in a Sanskrit version, with unclear author and date, composed as a rough translation of the Malayalam original.
The work contains proofs and derivations of the theorems that it presents. Modern historians used to assert, based on the works of Indian mathematics that first became available, that early Indian scholars in astronomy and computation lacked in proofs, but demonstrates otherwise.
Some of its important topics include the infinite series expansions of functions; power series, including of π and π/4; trigonometric series of sine, cosine, and arctangent; Taylor series, including second and third order approximations of sine and cosine; radii, diameters and circumferences.
mainly gives rationale for the results in Nilakantha's Tantra Samgraha. It is considered an early text to give some ideas of calculus like Taylor and infinity series, predating Newton and Leibniz by two centuries. The treatise was largely unnoticed outside India, as it was written in the local language of Malayalam. I
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Threlfall
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Sir Richard Threlfall (14 August 1861 – 10 July 1932) was an English chemist and engineer, he established the School of Physics at the University of Sydney and made important contributions to military science during World War I. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1899, and was created KBE in 1917 and GBE in 1927.
Early life and education
Threlfall was a son of Richard Threlfall of Hollowforth, near Preston, Lancashire. He was educated at Clifton College, where he was captain of the Rugby XV, and shot in the Rifle VIII. Going on to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, he represented his University at Rugby and also at rifle shooting. He distinguished himself as a speaker at the union, and did a remarkable course, taking a first class in the first part of the natural science tripos, and a first in both physics and chemistry in the second part.
He married Evelyn Agnes, daughter of John Forster-Baird, one of four sisters who all married distinguished men, one of whom was Bernhard Wise.
Science career
After graduating he was appointed a demonstrator in the Cavendish laboratory, where he did successful original research work and showed himself to be an able teacher. He also studied at Strasburg University and for a short period was a successful university coach. He lost two-thirds of his fingers in an explosion while he was carrying nitroglycerine, but in spite of this continued to be an excellent manipulator.
Professorship
In 1886 Threlfall was appointed profess
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20filtration
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In the theory of stochastic processes in mathematics and statistics, the generated filtration or natural filtration associated to a stochastic process is a filtration associated to the process which records its "past behaviour" at each time. It is in a sense the simplest filtration available for studying the given process: all information concerning the process, and only that information, is available in the natural filtration.
More formally, let (Ω, F, P) be a probability space; let (I, ≤) be a totally ordered index set; let (S, Σ) be a measurable space; let X : I × Ω → S be a stochastic process. Then the natural filtration of F with respect to X is defined to be the filtration F•X = (FiX)i∈I given by
i.e., the smallest σ-algebra on Ω that contains all pre-images of Σ-measurable subsets of S for "times" j up to i.
In many examples, the index set I is the natural numbers N (possibly including 0) or an interval [0, T] or [0, +∞); the state space S is often the real line R or Euclidean space Rn.
Any stochastic process X is an adapted process with respect to its natural filtration.
References
See also
Filtration (mathematics)
Stochastic processes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAPP
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GAPP may refer to:
General Administration of Press and Publication
Generally Accepted Privacy Principles, framework for accountants to help manage privacy concerns
German American Partnership Program
Geometric-Arithmetic Parallel Processor
GapP, A complexity class of counting in computer science
See also
Gapp, a surname
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Lyttleton
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Raymond Arthur Lyttleton FRS (7 May 1911 – 16 May 1995) was a British mathematician and theoretical astronomer.
He was born in Warley Woods near Birmingham and educated at King Edward VI Five Ways school in Birmingham, going from there to Clare College, Cambridge to read mathematics, graduating in 1933. He was elected a Fellow of St John's College in 1937 and appointed a lecturer in mathematics in the same year (until 1959). A keen amateur cricketer, he played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire from 1946–1949, making fifteen appearances. He was Reader in Theoretical Astronomy from 1959 to 1969, after which he was appointed to a specially created professorship in the subject.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1955. His application citation read: "Distinguished for his work in astronomy. Author of numerous papers on the origin and early history of the Solar System, notably his modifications of the collision theory. Showed from work of Cartan that fission of a planet by rotation would give two independent bodies, and consequently that the fission theory of binary stars is untenable (The Stability of Rotating Liquid Masses, 1953). Author (with F. Hoyle) of numerous papers on the astronomical effects of accretion, and (with H. Bondi) of two on the transmission of the tidal friction couple to the Earth's core and on the behaviour of the core during precessions. Author of a striking new theory of comets. (The Comets and their Origin, 1953)
He won the Royal S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril%20Offord
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Albert Cyril Offord FRS FRSE (9 June 1906 – 4 June 2000) was a British mathematician. He was the first professor of mathematics at the London School of Economics.
Life
He was born in London on 9 June 1906 the eldest child of Albert Edwin Offord, a master printer, and his wife Hester Louise, a former opera singer. The family were Plymouth Brethren. He was educated at Hackney Downs Grammar School. He then studied Mathematics at University College, London. He then went to St John's College, Cambridge as a postgraduate, working with Prof John Edensor Littlewood.
He received two Ph.D.s in mathematics: the first from the University of London (under Bosanquet) in 1932, the second from Cambridge (under Hardy) in 1936.
In 1940 he left Cambridge to lecture at University College, Bangor. In 1942 he moved to King's College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (later being named the University of Newcastle). He was created Professor of Mathematics in 1945.
In 1946 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir Edmund Whittaker, John William Heslop-Harrison, Alexander Aitken and Alfred Dennis Hobson. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1952.
In 1948 he left Newcastle to become Professor of Mathematics at Birkbeck College in London replacing Prof Dienes. He left in 1966 to take up a new chair at London School of Economics. He retired in 1973 then becoming a senior research fellow at Imperial College, London.
He died in Oxford on 4 June 2000.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazys%20Almenas
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Kazys Almenas (11 April 1935 – 7 October 2017) was a Lithuanian physicist, writer, essayist, and publisher.
Biography
Kazys Almenas was born in Gruzdžiai, Šiauliai County, Lithuania. He attended the University of Nebraska and Northwestern University. Between 1965 and 1967, he studied at the University of Warsaw and received a doctorate in physics. Almenas was teaching at the University of Maryland.
Almenas currently lives in Lithuania and often publishes his essays in the Lithuanian press. Kazys Almenas is the founder of Fund Supporting Royal Palace (Valdovų rūmų paramos fondas) - a fund which helps financing a replica of a mediaeval Lithuanian Royal Palace in Vilnius.
Literary works
Almenas wrote the novels Upė į Rytus, upė į Šiaurę (1964), Šienapjūtė (1970), Sauja skatikų (1977), and Lietingos dienos Palangoje (1988) and the collections of short stories Bėgiai (1965) and Gyvenimas tai kekė vyšnių (1967), Vaivos juosta (2014).
References
External links
Fund Supporting Royal Palace
1935 births
2017 deaths
People from Šiauliai District Municipality
Lithuanian physicists
Lithuanian writers
Northwestern University alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie%27s%20law
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In petrophysics, Archie's law relates the in-situ electrical conductivity (C) of a porous rock to its porosity () and fluid saturation () of the pores:
Here, denotes the porosity, the electrical conductivity of the fluid saturated rock, represents the electrical conductivity of the aqueous solution (fluid or liquid phase), is the water saturation, or more generally the fluid saturation, of the pores, is the cementation exponent of the rock (usually in the range 1.8–2.0 for sandstones), is the saturation exponent (usually close to 2) and is the tortuosity factor.
Reformulated for the electrical resistivity (R), the inverse of the electrical conductivity , the equation reads
with for the total fluid saturated rock resistivity, and for the resistivity of the fluid itself (w meaning water or an aqueous solution containing dissolved salts with ions bearing electricity in solution).
The factor
is also called the formation factor, where (index standing for total) is the resistivity of the rock saturated with the fluid and is the resistivity of the fluid (index standing for water) inside the porosity of the rock. The porosity being saturated with the fluid (often water, ), .
In case the fluid filling the porosity is a mixture of water and hydrocarbon (petroleum, oil, gas), a resistivity index () can be defined:
Where is the resistivity of the rock saturated in water only.
It is a purely empirical law attempting to describe ion flow (mostly sodium and chlo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance%20Reid
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Constance Bowman Reid (January 3, 1918 – October 14, 2010)
was the author of several biographies of mathematicians and popular books about mathematics. She received several awards for mathematical exposition. She was not a mathematician but came from a mathematical family—one of her sisters was Julia Robinson, and her brother-in-law was Raphael M. Robinson.
Background and education
Reid was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Ralph Bowers Bowman and Helen (Hall) Bowman. One of her younger sisters was the mathematician Julia Robinson. The family moved to Arizona and then to San Diego when the girls were a few years old.
In 1950 she married a law student, Neil D. Reid, with whom she had two children, Julia and Stewart.
Reid received a Bachelor of Arts degree from San Diego State University in 1938 and a Master of Education degree from University of California, Berkeley in 1949. She worked as a teacher of English and journalism at San Diego High School from 1939 to 1950, and as a free-lance writer since then. She has said, "I always wanted to be a writer, but it took me a while to find my subject."
Works
Reid's first published work was a memoir of her work in a World War II bomber factory, Slacks and Calluses, published in 1944. She also published a short story.
Her first mathematical publication was an article on perfect numbers for Scientific American. Reid remarked in an interview that some readers objected to her as an author: "But the readers (maybe, just one
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre%20for%20Cellular%20and%20Molecular%20Biology
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The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (, IAST: Kośikīya evam āṇavik jīvavijñāna kendra) or CCMB is an Indian fundamental life science research establishment located in Hyderabad that operates under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. CCMB is a designated "Centre of Excellence" by the Global Molecular and Cell Biology Network, UNESCO.
The center collaborates with the University of Nebraska Medical Center for translational research on glaucoma. In addition, the centre receives funding for specific collaborative projects from establishments outside India, such as the National Institutes of Health, Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, the Imperial Cancer Research Fund and Cambridge University in the United Kingdom, the India-Japan Science Council and the University of Ryukyus in Japan, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique and the Pasteur Institute in France and the Volkswagen Foundation in Germany.
History
CCMB was set up initially as a semi-autonomous Centre on 1 April 1977 with the Biochemistry Division of the then Regional Research Laboratory (presently, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, IICT) in Habsiguda, Hyderabad forming its nucleus and Dr P M Bhargava heading the new Centre. Earlier, the Governing Board of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) New Delhi, the apex body which constituted 44 research institutions (now 38) in the country, approved t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubbersheeting
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In cartography and geographic information systems, rubbersheeting is a form of coordinate transformation that warps a vector dataset to match a known geographic space. This is most commonly needed when a dataset has systematic positional error, such as one digitized from a historical map of low accuracy. The mathematics and procedure are very similar to the georeferencing of raster images, and this term is occasionally used for that process as well, but image georegistration is an unambiguous term for the raster process.
Applications in history and historical geography
Rubbersheeting is a useful technique in HGIS, where it is used to digitize and add old maps as feature layers in a modern GIS. Before aerial photography arrived, most maps were highly inaccurate by modern standards. Rubbersheeting may improve the value of such sources and make them easier to compare to modern maps.
Software
ESRI's ArcGIS 8.3+ has the capability of rubbersheeting vector data, and ArcMap 9.2+ may also rubber-sheet raster layers.
Autodesk's AutoCAD Map 3D and AutoCAD Civil 3D (which includes most of AutoCAD Map 3D's functionality) allows a user to rubbersheet vector data, and Autodesk's Raster Design (an add-in product for AutoCAD-based products) allows a user to rubbersheet raster data.
Blue Marble Geographics' Global Mapper allows a user to rubbersheet raster data.
Cadcorp Spatial Information System software (SIS Map Modeller) is offering a tool for rubbersheeting data layers.
QGIS Ge
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Rogers
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Raymond N. Rogers (July 21, 1927 – March 8, 2005) was an American chemist who was considered a leading expert in thermal analysis. To the general public, however, he was best known for his work on the Shroud of Turin.
Biography
Rogers was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. At the University of Arizona he studied chemistry, receiving a BS in 1950. From 1951 to 1988 he was an explosives research expert and thermal analyst with the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (later called Los Alamos National Laboratory or LANL). From 1987 until 1992 he served on the Department of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board with the equivalent rank of Lt. General and received a Distinguished Service Award. He received other awards and recognitions from LANL and many professional organizations. He was granted a sabbatical in 1968 to pursue post-graduate studies in archaeology.
During his career Rogers published over forty peer-reviewed papers on chemistry. In 1981 he was named Laboratory Fellow at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Other honors included being named a Tour Speaker for the American Chemical Society in 1971, the Los Alamos National Laboratory Distinguished Performance Award in 1984, and the Department of the Air Force Exceptional Civilian Service Medal in 1991. He also served as the editor for Energetic Materials, a peer-reviewed scientific journal, from 1983-1988. He was also on the editorial board of Thermochimica Acta from the first issue of this journal in 1970 (also the very fi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottky%20group
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In mathematics, a Schottky group is a special sort of Kleinian group, first studied by .
Definition
Fix some point p on the Riemann sphere. Each Jordan curve not passing through p divides the Riemann sphere into two pieces, and we call the piece containing p the "exterior" of the curve, and the other piece its "interior". Suppose there are 2g disjoint Jordan curves A1, B1,..., Ag, Bg in the Riemann sphere with disjoint interiors. If there are Möbius transformations Ti taking the outside of Ai onto the inside of Bi, then the group generated by these transformations is a Kleinian group. A Schottky group is any Kleinian group that can be constructed like this.
Properties
By work of , a finitely generated Kleinian group is Schottky if and only if it is finitely generated, free, has nonempty domain of discontinuity, and all non-trivial elements are loxodromic.
A fundamental domain for the action of a Schottky group G on its regular points Ω(G) in the Riemann sphere is given by the exterior of the Jordan curves defining it. The corresponding quotient space Ω(G)/G is given by joining up the Jordan curves in pairs, so is a compact Riemann surface of genus g. This is the boundary of the 3-manifold given by taking the quotient (H∪Ω(G))/G of 3-dimensional hyperbolic H space plus the regular set Ω(G) by the Schottky group G, which is a handlebody of genus g. Conversely any compact Riemann surface of genus g can be obtained from some Schottky group of genus g.
Classical and non-cl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Orr-Ewing%2C%20Baron%20Orr-Ewing
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Charles Ian Orr-Ewing, Baron Orr-Ewing, OBE (10 February 1912 – 19 August 1999) was a British Conservative politician.
Early life
Orr-Ewing was a great-grandson of Sir Archibald Orr-Ewing, Bt. He was educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Oxford. At Trinity College he qualified as an electrical engineer, with an MA in physics. Then, as a 22-year-old graduate apprentice at EMI in 1934, he was part of a team of three which built the first production television set.
Career
Orr-Ewing worked with the BBC from 1937 until 1939, when he joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and served in the North Africa, Italy and North-West Europe theatres during World War II and was also General Eisenhower's Chief Radar Officer in 1945. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1945. After the war, he returned to the BBC until 1949.
Orr-Ewing's political career began in 1950, when he was elected Member of Parliament for Hendon North, a seat he held for five elections. During this time, he was: Parliamentary Private Secretary to Walter Monckton, the Minister of Labour, from 1951 to 1955; Parliamentary Under-Secretary to George Reginald Ward, the Secretary of State for Air, from 1957 to 1959; Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty in 1959; Civil Lord of the Admiralty from 1959 to 1963; Vice-President of the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee in 1966 and Vice-Chairman of the Defence Committee from 1966 to 1970.
Between 1951 and 1954
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organolead%20chemistry
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Organolead chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organolead compounds, which are organometallic compounds containing a chemical bond between carbon and lead. The first organolead compound was hexaethyldilead (Pb2(C2H5)6), first synthesized in 1858. Sharing the same group with carbon, lead is tetravalent.
Going down the carbon group the C–X (X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) bond becomes weaker and the bond length larger. The C–Pb bond in tetramethyllead is 222 pm long with a dissociation energy of 49 kcal/mol (204 kJ/mol). For comparison the C–Sn bond in tetramethyltin is 214 pm long with dissociation energy 71 kcal/mol (297 kJ/mol). The dominance of Pb(IV) in organolead chemistry is remarkable because inorganic lead compounds tend to have Pb(II) centers. The reason is that with inorganic lead compounds elements such as nitrogen, oxygen and the halides have a much higher electronegativity than lead itself and the partial positive charge on lead then leads to a stronger contraction of the 6s orbital than the 6p orbital making the 6s orbital inert; this is called the inert-pair effect.
By far the organolead compound that has had the greatest impact is tetraethyllead, formerly used as an antiknock agent in gasoline intended for internal combustion engines. The most important lead reagents for introducing lead are lead tetraacetate and lead(II) chloride.
The use of organoleads is limited partly due to their toxicity.
Synthesis
Organolead compounds can be d
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arieh
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Arieh is both a given name and a surname. Arieh means lion in Hebrew. Notable people with the name include:
Given name
Arieh Batun-Kleinstub (born 1933), Israeli Olympic high jumper
Arieh Ben-Naim (born 1934), professor of physical chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Arieh Dulzin (1913–1989), Zionist activist who served as a Minister without Portfolio in Israel
Arieh Handler (1915–2011), Zionist leader
Arieh Iserles (born 1947), computational mathematician
Arieh Levavi (1912–2009), fourth Director General of the Israeli Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Arieh Lubin (1897–1980), Israeli artist
Arieh O'Sullivan (born 1961), American-Israeli author, journalist, and defense correspondent
Arieh Sharon (1900–1984), Israeli architect
Arieh "Xiaomanyc" Smith, American polyglot YouTuber
Arieh Warshel (born 1940), Israeli-American Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Nobel Prize winner
Surname
Josh Arieh (born 1974), American professional poker player
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Brigham
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Carl Campbell Brigham (May 4, 1890 – January 24, 1943) was an American eugenicist and professor of psychology at Princeton University's Department of Psychology and a pioneer in the field of psychometrics. He sat on the advisory council of the American Eugenics Society (today known as the Society for Biodemography and Social Biology) and his early writings heavily influenced the eugenics movement and anti-immigration legislation in the United States. He created the SAT for The College Board.
Early life, family and education
Carl Campbell Brigham was born May 4, 1890, in Marlborough, Massachusetts, to Charles Francis Brigham and Ida B. (Campbell) Brigham, the third of four children. His family has roots in early Massachusetts Bay Colony with ancestors that included Thomas Brigham (1603–1653) and Edmund Rice (1594–1663). Brigham's family became wealthy as a result of his grandfather's success in the California Gold Rush. Although many in his family attended Harvard, Brigham earned all of his degrees (B.A., M.A., and Ph.D.) at Princeton University. He married Elizabeth G F Duffield on February 10, 1923, and they had a daughter, Elizabeth H. Brigham (b. 1926).
Career
At the outbreak of World War I, Brigham joined the military and was commissioned as first lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps, psychological service from October to December 1917 at Camp Dix. He was then assigned to the Surgeon General's office in Washington, D.C., where he worked with Robert Yerkes to administer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclade
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In genetics, a subclade is a subgroup of a haplogroup.
Naming convention
Although human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups and subclades are named in a similar manner, their names belong to completely separate systems.
mtDNA
mtDNA haplogroups are defined by the presence of a series of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the hypervariable regions and the coding region of mitochondrial DNA. They are named with the capital letters A through Z, with further subclades named using numbers and lower case letters.
Y-DNA
Y-DNA haplogroups are defined by the presence of a series of SNP markers on the Y chromosome. Subclades are defined by a terminal SNP, the SNP furthest down in the Y chromosome phylogenetic tree.
Human Y-DNA
The Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) developed a system of naming major human Y-DNA haplogroups with the capital letters A through T, with further subclades named using numbers and lower case letters (YCC longhand nomenclature). YCC shorthand nomenclature names Y-DNA haplogroups and their subclades with the first letter of the major Y-DNA haplogroup followed by a dash and the name of the defining terminal SNP. Y-DNA haplogroup nomenclature is changing over time to accommodate the increasing number of SNPs being discovered and tested, and the resulting expansion of the Y chromosome phylogenetic tree. This change in nomenclature has resulted in inconsistent nomenclature being used in different sources. This inconsistency,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal%20plain%20cooter
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The coastal plain cooter (Pseudemys floridana) or Florida cooter is a species of large herbivorous freshwater turtle in the genus Pseudemys.
Biology
The species is found within the southeastern coastal plain of the United States, from extreme southeastern Virginia southward through all of Florida and westward to the vicinity of Mobile Bay, Alabama. The nominate race (P. f. floridana) occupies most of the species' geographic range but is replaced in the Florida peninsula by the peninsula cooter (Pseudemys peninsularis), which is primarily distinguished by differences in head markings. Both races can be distinguished from sympatric Pseudemys species by the immaculate yellow color of their plastrons and the lack of a U-shaped cusp in the upper jaw (characteristic of the Florida redbelly turtle). The carapace length of the size ranges from typically and the normal weigh is (in the slightly larger females) . The record sized female measured in carapace length.
The cooter is mainly herbivorous and inhabits lakes, sloughs, ponds, slow-flowing streams, and other still bodies of water with soft bottoms and abundant aquatic vegetation. However, it can be found in high densities in some Florida spring runs, usually in heavily vegetated areas with little flow. This species is active year-round and spends a large portion of the day basking on logs.
Coastal cooters are frequently exported for consumption and the pet trade, with about 60% wild caught individuals and 40% captive bred.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragroup
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Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup that are not defined by any additional unique markers.
In human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, paragroups are typically represented by an asterisk (*) placed after the main haplogroup.
The term "paragroup" is a portmanteau of the terms paraphyletic haplogroup indicating that paragroups form paraphyletic subclades. Apart from the mutations that define the parent haplogroup, paragroups may not possess any additional unique markers. Alternatively paragroups may possess unique markers that have not been discovered. If a unique marker is discovered within a paragroup, the specific lineage is given a unique name and is moved out of the paragroup to form an independent subclade.
For example, the paragroup of human Y-DNA Haplogroup DE is DE*. A member of DE* has the marker that defines DE, but not the markers that define DE's only known immediate subclades, haplogroups D and E. Likewise, haplogroup E1b1b1g (also known as E-M293) is an example of a relatively new subclade, discovered within a previously designated paragroup and assigned a new name. Until the SNP/UEP marker M293 was discovered in 2008, the members of the subclade were indistinguishable from other components of the paragroup E1b1b1* (also known as E3b* and E-M35*).
Another example is a member of the Y-DNA haplogroup R (defined by marker M207) may belong to the sub-haplogroup R1 (defined by marker M173) or R2 (defined by marker
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Luokkala
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Barry Luokkala is the Director of Undergraduate Physics Laboratories in the Department of Physics at Carnegie Mellon University and Program Director for the Pennsylvania Governor's School for the Sciences. Luokkala was the recipient of the MCS Teaching Award.
PGSS directorship
The Pennsylvania Governor's School for the Sciences(PGSS) is an academic summer program for gifted high school students from Pennsylvania. Dr. Luokkala has been the director of PGSS since 2001. Prior to that, he ran both the Physics lab course and team projects for many years.
External links
Official biography
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inviscid%20flow
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In fluid dynamics, inviscid flow is the flow of an inviscid (zero-viscosity) fluid, also known as a superfluid. The Reynolds number of inviscid flow approaches infinity as the viscosity approaches zero. When viscous forces are neglected, such as the case of inviscid flow, the Navier–Stokes equation can be simplified to a form known as the Euler equation. This simplified equation is applicable to inviscid flow as well as flow with low viscosity and a Reynolds number much greater than one. Using the Euler equation, many fluid dynamics problems involving low viscosity are easily solved, however, the assumed negligible viscosity is no longer valid in the region of fluid near a solid boundary (the boundary layer) or, more generally in regions with large velocity gradients which are evidently accompanied by viscous forces.
Inviscid flows are broadly classified into potential flows (or, irrotational flows) and rotational inviscid flows.
Prandtl hypothesis
Ludwig Prandtl developed the modern concept of the boundary layer. His hypothesis establishes that for fluids of low viscosity, shear forces due to viscosity are evident only in thin regions at the boundary of the fluid, adjacent to solid surfaces. Outside these regions, and in regions of favorable pressure gradient, viscous shear forces are absent so the fluid flow field can be assumed to be the same as the flow of an inviscid fluid. By employing the Prandtl hypothesis it is possible to estimate the flow of a real fluid in r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartz%E2%80%93Bruhat%20function
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In mathematics, a Schwartz–Bruhat function, named after Laurent Schwartz and François Bruhat, is a complex valued function on a locally compact abelian group, such as the adeles, that generalizes a Schwartz function on a real vector space. A tempered distribution is defined as a continuous linear functional on the space of Schwartz–Bruhat functions.
Definitions
On a real vector space , the Schwartz–Bruhat functions are just the usual Schwartz functions (all derivatives rapidly decreasing) and form the space .
On a torus, the Schwartz–Bruhat functions are the smooth functions.
On a sum of copies of the integers, the Schwartz–Bruhat functions are the rapidly decreasing functions.
On an elementary group (i.e., an abelian locally compact group that is a product of copies of the reals, the integers, the circle group, and finite groups), the Schwartz–Bruhat functions are the smooth functions all of whose derivatives are rapidly decreasing.
On a general locally compact abelian group , let be a compactly generated subgroup, and a compact subgroup of such that is elementary. Then the pullback of a Schwartz–Bruhat function on is a Schwartz–Bruhat function on , and all Schwartz–Bruhat functions on are obtained like this for suitable and . (The space of Schwartz–Bruhat functions on is endowed with the inductive limit topology.)
On a non-archimedean local field , a Schwartz–Bruhat function is a locally constant function of compact support.
In particular, on the ring of adeles o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir%20engineering
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Reservoir engineering is a branch of petroleum engineering that applies scientific principles to the fluid flow through a porous medium during the development and production of oil and gas reservoirs so as to obtain a high economic recovery. The working tools of the reservoir engineer are subsurface geology, applied mathematics, and the basic laws of physics and chemistry governing the behavior of liquid and vapor phases of crude oil, natural gas, and water in reservoir rock. Of particular interest to reservoir engineers is generating accurate reserves estimates for use in financial reporting to the SEC and other regulatory bodies. Other job responsibilities include numerical reservoir modeling, production forecasting, well testing, well drilling and workover planning, economic modeling, and PVT analysis of reservoir fluids. Reservoir engineers also play a central role in field development planning, recommending appropriate and cost-effective reservoir depletion schemes such as waterflooding or gas injection to maximize hydrocarbon recovery. Due to legislative changes in many hydrocarbon-producing countries, they are also involved in the design and implementation of carbon sequestration projects in order to minimise the emission of greenhouse gases.
Types
Reservoir engineers often specialize in two areas:
Surveillance engineering, i.e. monitoring of existing fields and optimization of production and injection rates. Surveillance engineers typically use analytical and empi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20span
|
In psychology and neuroscience, memory span is the longest list of items that a person can repeat back in correct order immediately after presentation on 50% of all trials. Items may include words, numbers, or letters. The task is known as digit span when numbers are used. Memory span is a common measure of working memory and short-term memory. It is also a component of cognitive ability tests such as the WAIS. Backward memory span is a more challenging variation which involves recalling items in reverse order.
As a functional aspect
Functionally, memory span is used to measure the number of discrete units over which the individual can successively distribute his attention and still organize them into a working unit. To generalize, it refers to the ability of an individual to reproduce immediately, after one presentation, a series of discrete stimuli in their original order.
Experiments in memory span have found that the more familiar a person is with the type of subject matter presented to them, the more they will remember it in a novel setting. For example, a person will better remember a sequence in their first-language than their second-language; a person will also remember a sequence of words better than they would a sequence of nonsense syllables.
According to a theory by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch, working memory is under the influence of three key mechanisms: the visuospatial sketchpad, the central executive, and the phonological loop. A mechanism called the ep
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytomics
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Cytomics is the study of cell biology (cytology) and biochemistry in cellular systems at the single cell level. It combines all the bioinformatic knowledge to attempt to understand the molecular architecture and functionality of the cell system (Cytome). Much of this is achieved by using molecular and microscopic techniques that allow the various components of a cell to be visualised as they interact in vivo.
Cytome
Cytomes are the cellular systems, subsystems, and functional components of the
body. The cytome is the collection of the complex and dynamic cellular processes (structure and function) underlying physiological processes. It describes the structural and functional heterogeneity of the cellular diversity of an organism.
Human Cytome Project
The Human Cytome Project is aimed at the study of the biological system structure and function of an organism at the cytome level.
See also
Flow cytometry
Genomics
Omics
Proteomics
Lipidomics
List of omics topics in biology
Metabolomics
References
Further reading
Bernas T., Gregori G., Asem E. K., Robinson J. P., Integrating cytomics and proteomics, Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006 Jan;5(1):2-13.
Herrera G., Diaz L., Martinez-Romero A., Gomes A., Villamon E., Callaghan R. C., O'connor J. E., Cytomics: A multiparametric, dynamic approach to cell research, Toxicol In Vitro. 2006 Jul 22.
Kriete A., Cytomics in the realm of systems biology, Cytometry A. 2005 Nov;68(1):19-20.
Murphy R. F., Cytomics and location proteomics:
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeat-accumulate%20code
|
In computer science, repeat-accumulate codes (RA codes) are a low complexity class of error-correcting codes. They were devised so that their ensemble weight distributions are easy to derive. RA codes were introduced by Divsalar et al.
In an RA code, an information block of length is repeated times, scrambled by an interleaver of size , and then encoded by a rate 1 accumulator. The accumulator can be viewed as a truncated rate 1 recursive convolutional encoder with transfer function , but Divsalar et al. prefer to think of it as a block code whose input block and output block are related by the formula and for . The encoding time for RA codes is linear and their rate is . They are nonsystematic.
Irregular Repeat Accumulate Codes
Irregular Repeat Accumulate (IRA) Codes build on top of the ideas of RA codes. IRA replaces the outer code in RA code with a Low Density Generator Matrix code. IRA codes first repeats information bits different times, and then accumulates subsets of these repeated bits to generate parity bits. The irregular degree profile on the information nodes, together with the degree profile on the check nodes, can be designed using density evolution.
Systematic IRA codes are considered a form of LDPC code. Litigation over whether the DVB-S2 LDPC code is a form of IRA code is ongoing. US patents 7,116,710; 7,421,032; 7,916,781; and 8,284,833 are at issue.
Notes
References
External links
Iterative Error Correction: Turbo, Low-Density Parity-Check
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Thomas%20Herbert%20Piaggio
|
Henry Thomas Herbert Piaggio (2 June 1884–26 June 1967) was an English mathematician. Educated at the City of London School and St John's College, Cambridge, he was appointed lecturer in mathematics at the University of Nottingham in 1908 and then the first Professor of Mathematics in 1919. He was the author of "An Elementary Treatise on Differential Equations and their Applications".-
References
External links
. (MacTutor version of Three Sadleirian Professors)
new members - Margate Civic Society ("The Old and New Meet at the Rendezvous"), Winter 2007, Issue No. 345 Henry's father Francis ("Frank") Piaggio briefly operated a dancing academy in the Marine Palace, which he leased from 1895. The Marine Palace was built in 1884 and destroyed in the Great Storm of 1897, which devastated Margate.
1884 births
1967 deaths
Academics of the University of Nottingham
Mathematicians from London
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnane%20X%20receptor
|
In the field of molecular biology, the pregnane X receptor (PXR), also known as the steroid and xenobiotic sensing nuclear receptor (SXR) or nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1I2 (nuclear Receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2) gene.
Function
PXR is a nuclear receptor whose primary function is to sense the presence of foreign toxic substances and in response up regulate the expression of proteins involved in the detoxification and clearance of these substances from the body. PXR belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily, members of which are transcription factors characterized by a ligand-binding domain and a DNA-binding domain. PXR is a transcriptional regulator of the cytochrome P450 gene CYP3A4, binding to the response element of the CYP3A4 promoter as a heterodimer with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor RXR. It is activated by a range of compounds that induce CYP3A4, including dexamethasone and rifampicin.
Ligands
Agonists
PXR is activated by a large number of endogenous and exogenous chemicals including steroids (e.g., progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, 5α-dihydroprogesterone, 5β-dihydroprogesterone, allopregnanolone, corticosterone, cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, dexamethasone, mifepristone), antibiotics (e.g., rifampicin, rifaximin), antimycotics, bile acids, hyperforin (a constituent of St. John's Wort), and other compounds such as meclizine, paclitaxel, caf
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Nathanael%20Lieberk%C3%BChn
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Johann Nathanael Lieberkühn (5 September 1711, in Berlin – 7 October 1756, in Berlin) was a German physician. His middle name is sometimes misspelled Nathaniel.
Lieberkühn studied theology initially, and then moved to physics, in particular mechanics. It was only after this that he commenced medicine. In 1739 he moved to Leiden, in the Netherlands, and then a year later to London and Paris. Following this he returned to Berlin as a member of the Collegium medico-chirurgicum, the body charged with improving the teaching and science of medicine in the Holy Roman Empire, making mathematical and optical instruments and working as a professor and medical doctor.
Besides his physiological work, Lieberkühn was most known for his preparation of medical specimens—these were still presented up to the nineteenth century, especially in Moscow, as masterpieces. His specimens were prepared primarily with injections of wax-containing fluids into body cavities, creating relatively durable shapes. The Crypts of Lieberkühn (intestinal glands) are named for him; he first described these in detail in De fabrica et actione vollorum intestinorum tenuium hominis, in 1745. Beyond this, Lieberkühn produced optical instruments, further developing the light microscope, which he had seen for the first time in Amsterdam. His custom microscopes for studying blood vessels were called "Wundergläser", ‘wonder-glasses’ by his contemporaries.
In 1755, Lieberkühn was elected a foreign member of the Royal S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwe%20Storch
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Uwe Storch (born 12 July 1940, Leopoldshall– Lanzarote, 17 September 2017) was a German mathematician. His field of research was
commutative algebra and analytic and algebraic geometry, in particular derivations, divisor class group, resultants.
Storch studied mathematics, physics and mathematical logic in
Münster and in
Heidelberg. He got his PhD 1966 under the supervision of Heinrich Behnke with a thesis on almost (or Q) factorial rings.
1972 Habilitation in Bochum, 1974 professor in Osnabrück and since 1981 professor for algebra and geometry in Bochum. 2005 Emeritation. Uwe Storch is married and has four sons.
Theorem of Eisenbud–Evans–Storch
The Theorem of Eisenbud-Evans-Storch states that
every algebraic variety in n-dimensional affine space
is given geometrically (i.e. up to radical) by n polynomials.
Selected publications
Günther Scheja and Uwe Storch, Lehrbuch der Algebra, 2 volumes, Stuttgart 1980 (1st edition was in 3 volumes), 1988.
Uwe Storch and Hartmut Wiebe, Lehrbuch der Mathematik, 4 volumes.
External links
1940 births
2017 deaths
20th-century German mathematicians
21st-century German mathematicians
Algebraists
People from Staßfurt
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Borucka-Cie%C5%9Blewicz
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Anna Borucka-Cieślewicz (born 26 October 1941, in Zygmuntowo) is a Polish politician, member of the Law and Justice party. She was elected to Sejm on September 23, 2001 (she was a deputy between 24 June 2004 and 18 October 2005, during 4th convocation of the Sejm).
Borucka-Cieślewicz graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, then obtained a doctorate in mathematical sciences. She worked as a university teacher and belonged to the Polish Mathematical Society.
References
1941 births
Living people
Law and Justice politicians
21st-century Polish women politicians
People from Kościan County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Journal%20of%20Human%20Genetics
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The European Journal of Human Genetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group on behalf of the European Society of Human Genetics. It covers all aspects of human genetics.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2021 impact factor of 5.351.
References
External links
Academic journals associated with international learned and professional societies of Europe
Biology in Europe
English-language journals
Genetics in the United Kingdom
Medical genetics journals
Monthly journals
Nature Research academic journals
Academic journals established in 1993
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20W.%20Hodge
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Paul W. Hodge ( - ) was an American astronomer whose principal area of research was the stellar populations of galaxies.
Education & Employment
Born in Seattle, Washington on November 8, 1934, Hodge grew up in the neighboring town of Snohomish. As a youth his interests were primarily physics, astronomy and music. He obtained a BS degree in physics at Yale University in 1956 and a PhD degree in astronomy at Harvard University in 1960. He was a National Science Foundation Post-doctoral Fellow at the Mt. Wilson and Palomar Observatories before joining the faculty of the University of California at Berkeley in 1961. He moved to the University of Washington in 1965, where he remained until 2006, when he became Professor Emeritus of Astronomy. Between 1984 and 2004 he was Editor in Chief of the Astronomical Journal.
Research
Hodge was author or co-author of over 550 research papers and talks at professional meetings, as well as 28 books. Most of the papers are concerned with the extragalactic universe, especially nearby galaxies, their distances and their histories. Work on the Magellanic Clouds, carried out at observatories in South Africa, Australia and Chile, included a study of young stellar associations, of which he and his students published the first catalog. With colleague Frances Woodworth Wright, he published two widely used atlases of the Magellanic Clouds. He was the first to study the structure of the Local Group dwarf galaxies and carried out the first large-scale
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20A.%20Jeffrey
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William A. Jeffrey is the CEO of SRI International, a position he has held since September 2014. He is an astronomer and astrophysicist by education.
Education
He earned a bachelor of science in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. in astronomy from Harvard University.
Early career
Jeffrey was the deputy director for the Advanced Technology Office and chief scientist for the Tactical Technology Office with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
He was involved in federal science and technology programs from 1988 to 2008. He served as senior director for homeland and national security and the assistant director for space and aeronautics at the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) within the Executive Office of the President. At OSTP he was instrumental in guiding the creation and development of the science and technology aspects of the newly created Department of Homeland Security especially as they relate to weapons of mass destruction countermeasures.
He also served as the assistant deputy for technology at the Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office, where he supervised sensor development for the RQ-1 Predator and RQ-4 Global Hawk Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and the development of common standards that allow for cross-service and cross-agency transfer of imagery and intelligence products. He also spent several years working at the Institute for Defense Analyses performing technical analyses in support of the Dep
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankar%20Das%20Sarma
|
Sankar Das Sarma () is an India-born American theoretical condensed matter physicist, who has worked in the broad research topics of theoretical physics, condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics, quantum physics, and quantum information. He has been a member of the department of physics at University of Maryland, College Park since 1980.
Das Sarma is the Richard E. Prange Chair in Physics, a distinguished university professor, a Fellow of the Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), and the director of the Condensed Matter Theory Center at the University of Maryland, College Park. Das Sarma has co-authored more than 800 articles in the Physical Review journal series of the American Physical Society, including more than 150 publications in Physical Review Letters. Das Sarma coauthored several well-known and highly-cited review articles on spintronics, non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation, graphene, and Majorana zero modes. With more than 90,000 citations to his publications and with more than 150 publications garnering more than 100 citations each, he is among the most cited theoretical physicists in the 21st century.
Career
Das Sarma came to the United States of America from India as a physics graduate student in 1974 after finishing his secondary school (Hare School in Kolkata) and undergraduate education at Presidency College in Calcutta, India (now Presidency University in Kolkata) where he was born. He received his PhD in theoretical physics from Brow
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony%20trifluoride
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Antimony trifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula SbF3. Sometimes called Swarts' reagent, is one of two principal fluorides of antimony, the other being SbF5. It appears as a white solid. As well as some industrial applications, it is used as a reagent in inorganic and organofluorine chemistry.
Preparation and structure
In solid SbF3, the Sb centres have octahedral molecular geometry and are linked by bridging fluoride ligands. Three Sb–F bonds are short (192 pm) and three are long (261 pm). Because it is a polymer, SbF3 is far less volatile than related compounds AsF3 and SbCl3.
SbF3 is prepared by treating antimony trioxide with hydrogen fluoride:
Sb2O3 + 6 HF → 2 SbF3 + 3 H2O
The compound is a mild Lewis acid, hydrolyzing slowly in water. With fluorine, it is oxidized to give antimony pentafluoride.
SbF3 + F2 → SbF5
Applications
It is used as a fluorination reagent in organic chemistry. This application was reported by the Belgian chemist Frédéric Jean Edmond Swarts in 1892, who demonstrated its usefulness for converting chloride compounds to fluorides. The method involved treatment with antimony trifluoride with chlorine or with antimony pentachloride to give the active species antimony trifluorodichloride (SbCl2F3). This compound can also be produced in bulk. The Swarts reaction is generally applied to the synthesis of organofluorine compounds, but experiments have been performed using silanes. It was once used for the industrial p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomew%20Westley
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Rev. Bartholomew Westley (1596 – 13 February 1680) was an English ejected minister.
Life
He was the third son of Sir Herbert Westley of Westleigh, Devon, and his wife Elizabeth de Wellesley of Dangan, County Meath. He studied physics, medicine and theology at Oxford. He lived for some time at Bridport and is known to have preached in the town's western suburb of Allington. The pulpit which he used there is still preserved in the Wesleyan school-room at Bridport.
He held the sequestered rectories of Charmouth (from 1640) and Catherston (from 1650), in Dorset, from both of which he was ejected in 1662. He continued to preach as a Nonconformist. He lived in Charmouth for some time where he practised medicine and continued preaching in the West Dorset area. He was eventually forced to leave Charmouth by the Five Mile Act. He was dubbed a fanatic and a "puny parson", because of his small stature. The last years of his life were spent in seclusion at Lyme Regis, where he died at about the age of eighty-five; he was buried there on 15 February 1680.
Family
He married (1619) Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Colley of Carbury, County Kildare, and granddaughter of Adam Loftus, primate of Ireland. They had one son, Rev. John Westley, also an ejected minister.
References
Attribution
1596 births
1680 deaths
Ejected English ministers of 1662
Bartholomew
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20M.%20Lieber
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Charles M. Lieber (born 1959) is an American chemist, a pioneer in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In 2011, Lieber was named the leading chemist in the world for the decade 2000–2010 by Thomson Reuters, based on the impact of his scientific publications. He is known for his contributions to the synthesis, assembly and characterization of nanoscale materials and nanodevices, the application of nanoelectronic devices in biology, and as a mentor to numerous leaders in nanoscience.
Lieber, a professor at Harvard University, has published over 400 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has edited and contributed to many books on nanoscience. Until 2020 he was the chair of the department of chemistry and chemical biology, and held a joint appointment in that department and the school of engineering and applied sciences as the Joshua and Beth Friedman University Professor. He is the principal inventor on over fifty issued US patents and applications, and joined nanotechnology company Nanosys as a scientific co-founder in 2001 and Vista Therapeutics in 2007. In 2012, Lieber was awarded the Wolf Prize in Chemistry in a special ceremony held at the Israeli Knesset.
In December 2021, Lieber was convicted of six felonies, including two counts of making false statements to the FBI and investigators from the Department of Defense and National Institutes of Health regarding his participation in the Chinese government's Thousand Talents Program, as well as four counts of filing false tax ret
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Hackett
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Simon Walter Hackett is an Australian technology entrepreneur. He is the co-founder (with Robyn Taylor) of Internode Pty Ltd, an Australian national broadband services company.
He is a 1986 graduate of the University of Adelaide, holding a bachelor's degree in Applied Mathematics and Computer Science.
Together with John Romkey, Hackett became the first to connect a commercial domestic appliance (a Sunbeam Deluxe Automatic Radiant Control Toaster) to the internet in 1990.
Internode Pty Ltd was founded in May 1991. In 1997 Hackett founded a subsidiary called Agile Communications that was a licensed national telecommunications carrier and was the first South Australian based company to gain this license.
The Internode company group was sold to iiNet Limited (ASX:IIN) in a AUS$105m transaction announced in December 2011 and completed on 31 January 2012.
Hackett departed the executive team at Internode to join the board of iiNet in August 2012. On 12 November 2013 it was announced that he had been appointed to the board of the National Broadband Network, and that he had resigned his position with iiNet. He departed the board of the National Broadband Network in April 2016 and was replaced by Michael Malone.
Other boards Hackett has served upon are: Adelaide Fringe Festival, m.Net Corporation., and the Australian Network for Art and Technology. Hackett co-founded and is a former director of The Internet Society of Australia, and was the founding president of the South Austra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontiers%20of%20Science
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Frontiers of Science was an illustrated comic strip created by Professor Stuart Butler of the School of Physics at the University of Sydney in collaboration with Robert Raymond, a documentary maker from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) in 1961. The artist was Andrea Bresciani. After 1970 the comic was illustrated by David Emerson.
It explained scientific concepts and recent research and in a 3 or 4 panel illustrated strip in an accessible and easily comprehensible way. The strip was syndicated to over 200 newspapers around the world for 25 years, from 1961 to 1987. It was also published as soft cover books. As of 2011, it "retains the record of being the longest-running newspaper science comic strip in the world."
The strips are archived at Rare Books and Special Collections in Fisher Library at the University of Sydney. The entire series is available for viewing online.
References
External links
Drifting Through Inner Space Ocean deep exploration explained in 5 cartoon strips c late 1960s - at NASA website - Accessed July 2006.
University of Sydney Outreach projects, Frontiers of Science, - Accessed July 2006.
Frontiers of Science Digital Collections, University of Sydney - Accessed April 2019.
Australian comic strips
1961 comics debuts
1987 comics endings
Science in society
Educational comics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuore
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Cuore, , the Italian-language word for "heart", may refer to:
CUORE Experiment, a particle physics facility in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy
Cuore (magazine), a Spanish women's magazine established in 2006
Cuore (zine), a satirical insert in the Italian communist newspaper l'Unità 1989–1997
Daihatsu Cuore, a vehicle built by the Japanese car maker Daihatsu
Heart (1948 film), an Italian drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica and Duilio Coletti
Heart (novel), an 1886 children's novel by Edmondo De Amicis
3000 Leagues in Search of Mother, a Japanese animated television series and film based on the above novel
Cuore (album), a 1998 album by Gianna Nannini
Italian words and phrases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20Institute%20of%20Chemical%20Technology
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The CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology is a national-level research center located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). IICT conducts research in basic and applied chemistry, biochemistry, bioinformatics, chemical engineering and provides science and technology inputs to the industrial and economic development of the country. IICT has filed one of the maximum CSIR patents.
Activities
The research and development programmes of IICT relate to the development of technologies for pesticides, drugs, organic intermediates, fine chemicals, catalysts, polymers, organic coatings, use of low-grade coals, and value-added products from vegetable oils. Process design and mechanical engineering design form an integral part of technology development and transfer. IICT is also actively engaged in basic research in organic synthesis and catalyses.
Public health
An example of the institute's work is development of technology for accurate identification, of principal mosquito vector in rural endemic areas for designing suitable control measures of vector-borne diseases like malaria, filaria, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, etc.
In developing countries like India, classification and identification of the mosquito species from rural endemic areas are of paramount importance. The World Health Organization monograph which describes the taxonomic data in the form of a pictorial key is generally difficult to understand by a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing%20High%20School%20%28Houston%29
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Evan Edward Worthing Early College High School is a secondary school located in the Sunnyside area of Houston, Texas, United States.
Worthing serves grades 9 through 12 and is a part of the Houston Independent School District.
Worthing has Houston ISD's magnet program for Mathematics, Science and Technology.
History
Worthing Junior-Senior High School was built in 1958, and it opened on January 27, 1958. The students zoned to Worthing previously attended Miller Junior High School and Yates High School. The school is named after Evan Edward Worthing, a Houston real-estate developer who set up a scholarship trust for African-American HISD students. A native of Michigan, he earned a mechanical engineering degree from Texas A&M University, where he was captain of the American football team. His will stated that African-Americans should inherit his wealth; this led to the opening of Worthing. The school originally covered grades 7 through 12. Worthing was originally located at 4330 Bellfort Boulevard; as the first building became overcrowded a new high school campus opened. Worthing moved to 9215 Scott Street at Reed Road, and Attucks Middle School opened at the former location.
The first principal was Allen E. Norton, and he stayed in his position until circa 1978. Jacob Carpenter of the Houston Chronicle stated that the "dedicated" staff and "tight-knit community" "ensured students received a quality education" despite the low socioeconomic status of Sunnyside.
An increase
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary%20matrix
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In mathematics, an elementary matrix is a matrix which differs from the identity matrix by one single elementary row operation. The elementary matrices generate the general linear group when is a field. Left multiplication (pre-multiplication) by an elementary matrix represents elementary row operations, while right multiplication (post-multiplication) represents elementary column operations.
Elementary row operations are used in Gaussian elimination to reduce a matrix to row echelon form. They are also used in Gauss–Jordan elimination to further reduce the matrix to reduced row echelon form.
Elementary row operations
There are three types of elementary matrices, which correspond to three types of row operations (respectively, column operations):
Row switching A row within the matrix can be switched with another row.
Row multiplication Each element in a row can be multiplied by a non-zero constant. It is also known as scaling a row.
Row addition A row can be replaced by the sum of that row and a multiple of another row.
If is an elementary matrix, as described below, to apply the elementary row operation to a matrix , one multiplies by the elementary matrix on the left, . The elementary matrix for any row operation is obtained by executing the operation on the identity matrix. This fact can be understood as an instance of the Yoneda lemma applied to the category of matrices.
Row-switching transformations
The first type of row operation on a matrix switches
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