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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois/Counter%20Mode
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In cryptography, Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers which is widely adopted for its performance. GCM throughput rates for state-of-the-art, high-speed communication channels can be achieved with inexpensive hardware resources.
The GCM algorithm provides both data authenticity (integrity) and confidentiality and belongs to the class of authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) methods. This means that as input it takes a key K, some plaintext P, and some associated data AD; it then encrypts the plaintext using the key to produce ciphertext C, and computes an authentication tag T from the ciphertext and the associated data (which remains unencrypted). A recipient with knowledge of K, upon reception of AD, C and T, can decrypt the ciphertext to recover the plaintext P and can check the tag T to ensure that neither ciphertext nor associated data were tampered with.
GCM uses a block cipher with block size 128 bits (commonly AES-128) operated in counter mode for encryption, and uses arithmetic in the Galois field GF(2128) to compute the authentication tag; hence the name.
Galois Message Authentication Code (GMAC) is an authentication-only variant of the GCM which can form an incremental message authentication code. Both GCM and GMAC can accept initialization vectors of arbitrary length.
Different block cipher modes of operation can have significantly different performance and efficiency characteristics, eve
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permotipulidae
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Permotipulidae is an extinct family of insects within the order Protodiptera. Permotipulidae appeared in the Permian. Two genera are Permotipula and Permila which are close relatives to flies.
References
The Paleobiology Database
Fossil Diptera Catalog
David Grimaldi, Michael S. Engel. Evolution of the insects
V.A Blagoderov, E.D. Lukashevich, M.B. Mostovski. 2.2.1.3.4.4. Order Diptera Linné, 1758. The true flies (= Muscida Laicharting, 1781). Sitio web del Laboratorio de Artrópodos, Instituto Paleontológico, Academia Rusa de Ciencias, Moscú
Permian insects
Prehistoric insect families
Protodiptera
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck%20%28disambiguation%29
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Max Planck (1858–1947) was a German physicist considered to be the founder of quantum theory.
Planck may also refer to:
Science
Planck (crater), on the Moon
Planck (spacecraft), a space observatory
Planck units, in particle physics and physical cosmology
People with the surname
Amalia Planck (1834–1908), Swedish entrepreneur
Erwin Planck (1893–1945), German politician and resistance fighter
Gottlieb Jakob Planck (1751–1833), German theologian and historian and grandfather of Max Planck
Karl Christian Planck (1819–1880), German philosopher
Nina Planck (born 1971), American food writer
See also
Plank (disambiguation)
Max Planck Society, for the Advancement of Science
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofiyivka%20Park
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Sofiyivsky Park (; ) is an arboretum (type of botanical garden) and a scientific-researching institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU Department of Biology). The park is located in the northern part of the City of Uman, Cherkasy Oblast (Central Ukraine), near the Kamianka River. Some areas of the park are reminiscent of an English garden. Today, the park is a popular recreational spot, annually visited by 500,000 visitors.
Sofiyivka is a scenic landmark of world gardening design at the beginning of the 19th century. The park accounts for over 2,000 types of trees and brush (local and exotic) among which are taxodium (marsh cypress), Weymouth Pine, tulip tree, platanus, ginkgo, and many others.
Since 1980, the director of the park is the member-correspondent of the Academy of Sciences, doctor of biological sciences Ivan Kosenko. In 1985, small planet #2259 was named "Sofiyivka" after this park.
History
The English landscape garden was founded in 1796 by Count Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki, a Polish noble who rebuilt Uman after a peasant uprising. The city of Uman at that time was part of the Russian Empire. The park is named after his Greek wife Sofia. It was a gift of Stanislaw Potocki to his wife on her birthday.
The cost of the original park was estimated at 15 million złoty, a fortune by contemporary standards. The main contractor was Ludwik Metzel, a Polish military engineer who imported many rare plants from all around Europe. He employed the loca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archain
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Archain is a human protein that is encoded by gene which is located on chromosome 11.
Also known as ARCN1, it plays a role in eukaryotic cell biology.
It is part of the COPI coatomer complex.
References
External links
Peripheral membrane proteins
Genes on human chromosome 11
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onium%20ion
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In chemistry, an onium ion is a cation formally obtained by the protonation of mononuclear parent hydride of a pnictogen (group 15 of the periodic table), chalcogen (group 16), or halogen (group 17). The oldest-known onium ion, and the namesake for the class, is ammonium, , the protonated derivative of ammonia, .
The name onium is also used for cations that would result from the substitution of hydrogen atoms in those ions by other groups, such as organic groups, or halogens; such as tetraphenylphosphonium, . The substituent groups may be divalent or trivalent, yielding ions such as iminium and nitrilium.
A simple onium ion has a charge of +1. A larger ion that has two onium ion subgroups is called a double onium ion, and has a charge of +2. A triple onium ion has a charge of +3, and so on.
Compounds of an onium cation and some other anion are known as onium compounds or onium salts.
Onium ions and onium compounds are inversely analogous to ions and ate complexes:
Lewis bases form onium ions when the central atom gains one more bond and becomes a positive cation.
Lewis acids form ions when the central atom gains one more bond and becomes a negative anion.
Simple onium cations (hydrides with no substitutions)
Group 13 (boron group) onium cations
boronium cation, (protonated borane)
further boronium cations, (protonated boranes)
Group 14 (carbon group) onium cations
carbonium ions (protonated hydrocarbons) have a pentacoordinated carbon atom with a +1 charge.
alkan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directionality%20%28molecular%20biology%29
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Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid. In a single strand of DNA or RNA, the chemical convention of naming carbon atoms in the nucleotide pentose-sugar-ring means that there will be a 5′ end (usually pronounced "five-prime end"), which frequently contains a phosphate group attached to the 5′ carbon of the ribose ring, and a 3′ end (usually pronounced "three-prime end"), which typically is unmodified from the ribose -OH substituent. In a DNA double helix, the strands run in opposite directions to permit base pairing between them, which is essential for replication or transcription of the encoded information.
Nucleic acids can only be synthesized in vivo in the 5′-to-3′ direction, as the polymerases that assemble various types of new strands generally rely on the energy produced by breaking nucleoside triphosphate bonds to attach new nucleoside monophosphates to the 3′-hydroxyl (−OH) group, via a phosphodiester bond. The relative positions of structures along strands of nucleic acid, including genes and various protein binding sites, are usually noted as being either upstream (towards the 5′-end) or downstream (towards the 3′-end). (See also upstream and downstream.)
Directionality is related to, but different from, sense. Transcription of single-stranded RNA from a double-stranded DNA template requires the selection of one strand of the DNA template as the template strand that directly
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%20Wara%27%20al-Tabi%27a
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Ma Wara' al-Tabi'a (), which can be translated also as Metaphysics, Supernatural, or Paranormal is the title of a series of horror/thriller novels written by Ahmed Khaled Towfik. As of 2014, 81 novels were published. Set in the 1960s, it sees hematologist Dr. Refaat Ismail unwillingly become a go-to guy for paranormal investigations. A Netflix series, Paranormal, was released on 5 November, 2020.
Storyline
The stories are narratives, told in first person view, where the protagonist, Refaat (رفعت), is nearing seventy years of age and is narrating his adventures starting when he was in his late thirties. All of the events are related to the metaphysics in a way or another, and most often are caused by supernatural phenomena, although some are caused by culprits who are faking the events. Refaat usually solves the mystery, and always gets out alive whether or not he has fully understood the phenomenon. He is accompanied by many friends and characters throughout the stories, some stories are more centered around them than him, and some are totally narrated by them.
Style
The stories are noted for the character's sarcastic attitude towards almost everything in life, although he is kind-hearted inside. He usually disbelieves everything until it's proven, and rarely pretends to be smart, as he always thinks that there is nothing that he could do about problems.
The writer's style is always renewed, with more than once the story told through newspaper clippings and retellings by
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity%20of%20a%20function
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In mathematics, the elasticity or point elasticity of a positive differentiable function f of a positive variable (positive input, positive output) at point a is defined as
or equivalently
It is thus the ratio of the relative (percentage) change in the function's output with respect to the relative change in its input , for infinitesimal changes from a point . Equivalently, it is the ratio of the infinitesimal change of the logarithm of a function with respect to the infinitesimal change of the logarithm of the argument. Generalisations to multi-input-multi-output cases also exist in the literature.
The elasticity of a function is a constant if and only if the function has the form for a constant .
The elasticity at a point is the limit of the arc elasticity between two points as the separation between those two points approaches zero.
The concept of elasticity is widely used in economics and Metabolic Control Analysis; see elasticity (economics) and Elasticity coefficient respectively for details.
Rules
Rules for finding the elasticity of products and quotients are simpler than those for derivatives. Let f, g be differentiable. Then
The derivative can be expressed in terms of elasticity as
Let a and b be constants. Then
,
.
Estimating point elasticities
In economics, the price elasticity of demand refers to the elasticity of a demand function Q(P), and can be expressed as (dQ/dP)/(Q(P)/P) or the ratio of the value of the marginal function (dQ/dP) to the valu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMP%20%28computer%20algebra%20system%29
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Symbolic Manipulation Program, usually called SMP, was a computer algebra system designed by Chris A. Cole and Stephen Wolfram at Caltech circa 1979. It was initially developed in the Caltech physics department with contributions from Geoffrey C. Fox, Jeffrey M. Greif, Eric D. Mjolsness, Larry J. Romans, Timothy Shaw, and Anthony E. Terrano.
SMP was first sold commercially in 1981, by the Computer Mathematics Corporation of Los Angeles, which later became part of Inference Corporation. Inference further developed the program and marketed it commercially from 1983 to 1988, but it was not a commercial success, and Inference became pessimistic about the market for symbolic math programs, and so abandoned SMP to concentrate on expert systems.
SMP was influenced by the earlier computer algebra systems Macsyma (of which Wolfram was a user) and Schoonschip (whose code Wolfram studied).
SMP follows a rule-based approach, giving it a "consistent, pattern-directed language". Unlike Macsyma and Reduce, it was written in C.
During the 1980s, it was one of the generally available general-purpose computer algebra systems, along with Reduce, Macsyma, and Scratchpad, and later muMATH and Maple. It was often used for teaching college calculus.
The design of SMP's interactive language and its "map" commands influenced the design of the 1984 version of Scratchpad.
Criticism
SMP has been criticized for various characteristics, notably its use of floating-point numbers instead of exact rat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Carlisle
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Sir John Michael Carlisle (born 16 December 1929) is a British marine engineer.
Early life and education
Carlisle was born in Sheffield, the son of John Hugh Carlisle and Lilian Amy Smith. He was educated at King Edward VII School (photo), and then the University of Sheffield where he studied mechanical engineering.
Career
After service in the Royal Navy, he spent his working life in the marine engineering industry, supplying and reconditioning major engine components for large marine diesel engines, from UK and overseas factories and joint ventures. From 1967 to 1968, he was President of the Sheffield Junior Chamber of Commerce, now known as Junior Chamber International (JCI) Sheffield. From 1969, he was involved with the NHS, and served as Chairman of many Authorities and Trusts, including Trent Regional Health Authority from 1982-94. He was a Council Member of the Medical Research Council from 1991–95 and on the NHS Policy Board from 1994 to 95. He was awarded a knighthood in 1985.
Sir Michael Carlisle joined the University Council of the University of York in 1990, and became a Pro-Chancellor in November 2000, and also Vice-Chair of Council. He has been a member of several University Committees, including Policy and Resources during the tenure of the current Vice-Chancellor and his predecessor. He is a member of the University Court. He has also served as Chair of the York Health Economics Consortium, and as a non-executive director of York Science Park Ltd since its
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrack
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Wrack may refer to:
wrack (mathematics), a concept in knot theory
wrack (seaweed), several species of seaweed
Wrack, a novel by James Bradley (Australian writer)
Charlie Wrack (1899–1979), English footballer
Darren Wrack (born 1976), English footballer
Matt Wrack (born 1962), British firefighter and trade unionist
Wrack, the leading broodmare sire in North America in 1935
Wrack (video game), A first person shooter video game made by Final Boss Entertainment
Wrack zone, covered in high water, uncovered at low water.
See also
Rack (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonclassical%20light
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Nonclassical light is light that cannot be described using classical electromagnetism; its characteristics are described by the quantized electromagnetic field and quantum mechanics.
The most common described forms of nonclassical light are the following:
Photon statistics of Nonclassical Light is Sub-Poissonian in the sense that the average number of photons in a photodetection of this kind of light shows a standard deviation that is less than the mean number of the photons.
Squeezed light exhibits reduced noise in one quadrature component. The most familiar kinds of squeezed light have either reduced amplitude noise or reduced phase noise, with increased noise of the other component.
Fock states (also called photon number states) have a well-defined number of photons (stored e.g. in a cavity), while the phase is totally undefined.
Glauber–Sudarshan P representation
The density matrix for any state of light can be written as:
where is a coherent state. A classical state of light is one in which is a probability density function. If it is not, the state is said to be nonclassical.
Aspects of that would make it nonclassical are:
a negative value at any point;
being more singular than a Dirac delta function.
The matter is not quite simple. According to Mandel and Wolf: "The different coherent states are not [mutually] orthogonal, so that even if behaved like a true probability density [function], it would not describe probabilities of mutually exclusive state
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvalence
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Polyvalence or polyvalent may refer to:
Polyvalency (chemistry), chemical species, generally atoms or molecules, which exhibit more than one chemical valence
Polyvalence (music), the musical use of more than one harmonic function of a tonality simultaneously
Polyvalent antibody, a group of antibodies that have affinity for various antigens
Polyvalent logic, a form of many-valued logic or probabilistic logic
Polyvalent vaccine, a vaccine that can vaccinate a person against more than one strain of a disease
Sala Polivalentă (disambiguation), various stadiums in Romania commonly translated as Polyvalent Hall
Snake antivenom that contains neutralizing antibodies against two or more species of snakes
See also
Bivalence, principle in logic that every declaration is either true or false
Monovalence (disambiguation)
Valence (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil%27s%20criterion
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In mathematics, Weil's criterion is a criterion of André Weil for the Generalized Riemann hypothesis to be true. It takes the form of an equivalent statement, to the effect that a certain generalized function is positive definite.
Weil's idea was formulated first in a 1952 paper. It is based on the explicit formulae of prime number theory, as they apply to Dirichlet L-functions, and other more general global L-functions. A single statement thus combines statements on the complex zeroes of all Dirichlet L-functions.
Weil returned to this idea in a 1972 paper, showing how the formulation extended to a larger class of L-functions (Artin-Hecke L-functions); and to the global function field case. Here the inclusion of Artin L-functions, in particular, implicates Artin's conjecture; so that the criterion involves a Generalized Riemann Hypothesis plus Artin Conjecture.
The case of function fields, of curves over finite fields, is one in which the analogue of the Riemann Hypothesis is known, by Weil's classical work begun in 1940; and Weil also proved the analogue of the Artin Conjecture. Therefore, in that setting, the criterion can be used to show the corresponding statement of positive-definiteness does hold.
References
A. Weil, "Sur les 'formules explicites' de la théorie des nombres premiers", Comm. Lund (vol. dédié a Marcel Riesz) (1952) 252–265; Collected Papers II
A. Weil, "Sur les formules explicites de la théorie des nombres, Izvestia Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. Math. 3
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauber%E2%80%93Sudarshan%20P%20representation
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The Sudarshan-Glauber P representation is a suggested way of writing down the phase space distribution of a quantum system in the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics. The P representation is the quasiprobability distribution in which observables are expressed in normal order. In quantum optics, this representation, formally equivalent to several other representations, is sometimes preferred over such alternative representations to describe light in optical phase space, because typical optical observables, such as the particle number operator, are naturally expressed in normal order. It is named after George Sudarshan and Roy J. Glauber, who worked on the topic in 1963.
Despite many useful applications in laser theory and coherence theory, the Sudarshan-Glauber P representation has the peculiarity that it is not always positive, and is not a bona-fide probability function.
Definition
We wish to construct a function with the property that the density matrix is diagonal in the basis of coherent states , i.e.,
We also wish to construct the function such that the expectation value of a normally ordered operator satisfies the optical equivalence theorem. This implies that the density matrix should be in anti-normal order so that we can express the density matrix as a power series
Inserting the identity operator
we see that
and thus we formally assign
More useful integral formulas for are necessary for any practical calculation. One method is to define t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NNO
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NNO may stand for:
Nuveen North Carolina Dividend Advantage Municipal Fund 2 (stock symbol: NNO)
Natural number object, in category theory, a subfield of mathematics
National Night Out, a crime prevention activity in the United States
Nynorsk, ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language codes
Nitrous oxide
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Mackworth
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Alan Mackworth is a professor emeritus in the Department of Computer Science at the University of British Columbia. He is known as "The Founding Father" of RoboCup. He is a former president of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) and former Canada Research Chair in Artificial Intelligence from 2001–2014.
Education
Mackworth was educated at the University of Toronto (B.A.Sc.), Harvard University (A.M.) and University of Sussex (D.Phil.).
Research
He works on constraint-based artificial intelligence with applications in vision, robotics, situated agents, assistive technology and sustainability. He is known as a pioneer in the areas of constraint satisfaction, robot soccer, hybrid systems and constraint-based agents. He has authored over 100 papers and co-authored two books: Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach (1998) and Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents (2010).
RoboCup
Mackworth proposed and built the world's first soccer-playing robots, which led to the development of robot soccer as the premier global platform for multi-agent robotic research through the International RoboCup Foundation, where he has been honoured as "The Founding Father". Robot soccer as a challenge problem has great scientific significance. It has now become a standard test environment for cross-testing research ideas: a forum for evolving theories of multi-agent systems. Through regular international RoboCup tournaments many research
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BICOM
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BICOM may refer to:
Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre
Brunel Institute of Computational Mathematics
Bioresonance therapy, pseudoscientific medical practice
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azriel%20Rosenfeld
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Azriel Rosenfeld (February 19, 1931 – February 22, 2004) was an American Research Professor, a Distinguished University Professor, and Director of the Center for Automation Research at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, where he also held affiliate professorships in the Departments of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Psychology, and a talmid chochom. He held a Ph.D. in mathematics from Columbia University (1957), rabbinic ordination (1952) and a Doctor of Hebrew Literature degree (1955) from Yeshiva University, honorary Doctor of Technology degrees from Linkoping University (1980) and Oulu University (1994), and an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Yeshiva University (2000); he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the Technion (2004, conferred posthumously). He was a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (1994).
Rosenfeld was a leading researcher in the field of computer image analysis. Over a period of nearly 40 years he made many fundamental and pioneering contributions to nearly every area of that field. He wrote the first textbook in the field (1969); was founding editor of its first journal, Computer Graphics and Image Processing (1972); and was co-chairman of its first international conference (1987). He published over 30 books and over 600 book chapters and journal articles, and directed nearly 60 Ph.D. dissertations.
Rosenfeld's research on digital image analysis (specifically on digital geom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Stearns%20%28World%20Vision%29
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Richard Stearns was the president of World Vision United States, an international Christian relief charity based in Federal Way, Washington, from 1998 to 2018.
Biography
Stearns holds a bachelor's degree from Cornell University, where he joined the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity and studied neurobiology, and an MBA from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. His professional career began in marketing with the Gillette Company in Boston. From 1977 to 1985, he held various roles with Parker Brothers, culminating in his appointment as president in 1984. In 1985, he became a vice president at The Franklin Mint, then joined Lenox in 1987 as president of Lenox Collections. In 1995, Stearns was named president and chief executive officer of Lenox, Inc., overseeing three divisions, six manufacturing facilities, 4,000 employees, and $500 million in annual sales. He left Lenox when in June 1998 he became president of World Vision.
As president of World Vision Inc., Stearns was responsible for U.S. operations, which included advocacy, fundraising, and program development, and prioritized the organization's worldwide attention on the AIDS crisis.
Career
Stearns’ professional career began in marketing with the Gillette Company in Boston. From 1977 to 1985, he held various roles with Parker Brothers, culminating in his appointment as president in 1984. In 1985, he became a vice president at The Franklin Mint.He joined Lenox in 1987 as president of Lenox Collections, and was n
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20pressure
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In fluid dynamics, dynamic pressure (denoted by or and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by:
where (in SI units):
is the dynamic pressure in pascals (i.e., kg/(m*s2),
(Greek letter rho) is the fluid mass density (e.g. in kg/m3), and
is the flow speed in m/s.
It can be thought of as the fluid's kinetic energy per unit volume.
For incompressible flow, the dynamic pressure of a fluid is the difference between its total pressure and static pressure. From Bernoulli's law, dynamic pressure is given by
where and are the total and static pressures, respectively.
Physical meaning
Dynamic pressure is the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. Dynamic pressure is one of the terms of Bernoulli's equation, which can be derived from the conservation of energy for a fluid in motion.
At a stagnation point the dynamic pressure is equal to the difference between the stagnation pressure and the static pressure, so the dynamic pressure in a flow field can be measured at a stagnation point.
Another important aspect of dynamic pressure is that, as dimensional analysis shows, the aerodynamic stress (i.e. stress within a structure subject to aerodynamic forces) experienced by an aircraft travelling at speed is proportional to the air density and square of , i.e. proportional to . Therefore, by looking at the variation of during flight, it is possible to determine how the stress will vary and in particular when it will reach its maximum value. The point
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poset%20topology
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In mathematics, the poset topology associated to a poset (S, ≤) is the Alexandrov topology (open sets are upper sets) on the poset of finite chains of (S, ≤), ordered by inclusion.
Let V be a set of vertices. An abstract simplicial complex Δ is a set of finite sets of vertices, known as faces , such that
Given a simplicial complex Δ as above, we define a (point set) topology on Δ by declaring a subset be closed if and only if Γ is a simplicial complex, i.e.
This is the Alexandrov topology on the poset of faces of Δ.
The order complex associated to a poset (S, ≤) has the set S as vertices, and the finite chains of (S, ≤) as faces. The poset topology associated to a poset (S, ≤) is then the Alexandrov topology on the order complex associated to (S, ≤).
See also
Topological combinatorics
References
Poset Topology: Tools and Applications Michelle L. Wachs, lecture notes IAS/Park City Graduate Summer School in Geometric Combinatorics (July 2004)
General topology
Order theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20security%20parameter
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In cryptography, a critical security parameter (CSP) is information that is either user or system defined and is used to operate a cryptography module in processing encryption functions including cryptographic keys and authentication data, such as passwords, the disclosure or modification of which can compromise the security of a cryptographic module or the security of the information protected by the module.
References
Cryptography
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20College%20of%20Medical%20Genetics%20and%20Genomics
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The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) is an organization composed of biochemical, clinical, cytogenetic, medical and molecular geneticists, genetic counselors and other health care professionals committed to the practice of medical genetics.
History
The ACMG, incorporated in 1991, stated mission to give national representation to providers of genetic services and their patients with genetic disorders; to provide education and resources for the medical genetics profession; to improve the health of the public by promoting the development and implementation of methods to diagnose, treat and prevent genetic disease.
In 1993, ACMG publishes the first edition of the ACMG Standards and Guidelines for Clinical Genetic Laboratories and supports the formation of the American Board of Genetic Counseling.
The first Annual Clinical Genetic Meeting is held in 1994. Next year, the College becomes a full member of the Council of Medical Specialty Societies.
ACMG has an Official Journal, Genetics in Medicine. The first issue was released in 1998.
In 2011, the organization's board of directors voted to change its name from the "American College of Medical Genetics" to "American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics".
Mission statement
ACMG aims to develop clinical practice guidelines; laboratory services directories, databases, population screening guidelines and to establish uniform laboratory standards, quality assurance and proficiency testing.
Ethical Guide
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Holt%20%28author%29
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Michael Holt (born 1929) is a UK author of puzzle and quiz books for children, including several Doctor Who related quiz books and Crisis In Space in the Make Your Own Adventure with Doctor Who series. He was also the co-author of Puffin Books' Big Book of Puzzles series. He taught mathematics and geometry in London schools in the 1960s and 1970s.
References
Living people
1929 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bernard%20%28bishop%29
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John Henry Bernard, PC (27 July 1860 – 29 August 1927), was an Irish Anglican clergyman.
Biography
Bernard was born in Raniganj, India. He was a scholar in Trinity College Dublin in 1879, graduated with a BA in mathematics in 1880. He was elected a Fellow there in 1884, and was later a member of the council of the university, where he held the office of King's Lecturer of Divinity from 1888 to 1902.
He was appointed treasurer of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, by the Dean Henry Jellett in 1897. On Jellett's death, in December 1901, Bernard became a favorite to succeed him as Dean, a position to which he was elected by the chapter of the cathedral 6 February 1902. He served as such until 1911, when he was appointed Bishop of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin. In 1915 he was appointed Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin, serving until 1919.
A prolific scholar, in many fields, including Church history, theology and philosophy, he was the president of the Royal Irish Academy from 1916 to 1921 and Provost of Trinity College Dublin from 1919 to 1927. He was a member of the Board of National Education in Ireland, in which capacity he served as examiner of mathematics in the 1880s. He was regarded as an unrepentant Unionist, representing their interests as a delegate to the 1917–18 Irish Convention.
Bernard married his cousin Maude Nannie Bernard in 1885; they had two sons and two daughters (Parker (2005): 73).
In April 1915 his son, Lieutenant Robert Bernard of the 1st Battalion of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3/4
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3/4 or ¾ may refer to:
The fraction (mathematics) three quarters () equal to 0.75
Arts and media
3/4 (film), a 2017 Bulgarian film
time, a form of triple metre in music
3/4 profile, in portraits
3/4 perspective, in video games
Other uses
″ videocassette, better known as the U-matic format
March 4 (month-day date notation)
3 April (day-month date notation)
3rd Battalion 4th Marines, a unit in the United States Marine Corps
Three fourths, alternative name for Capri pants
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivailo%20Jordanov
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Ivailo Jordanov () is a business executive and the co-founder of Styloko and 23snaps.
Background
Jordanov graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science and applied math from University of the Witwatersrand. He then began his career working for Espotting as Head of Product Development before founding his first site, zoomf.com, a residential property search engine. After working as a Director at Domavin, he has served as an advisor and investor for Novus Analytics and Avans. Jordanov co-founded Styloko.com in 2011 and 23Snaps.com in 2012.
He has been quoted or featured in various media outlets including Huffington Post, The Telegraph, Bloomberg News, Fast Company, Tech Crunch, Forbes, CNN Money, and Wired.
References
External links
Styloko
23Snaps
South African businesspeople
Bulgarian businesspeople
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude%20Dunyach
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Jean-Claude Dunyach (born 1957) is a French science fiction writer.
Overview
Dunyach has a Ph.D. in applied mathematics and supercomputing from Paul Sabatier University. He works for Airbus in Toulouse in southwestern France.
Dunyach has been writing science fiction since the beginning of the 1980s and has already published nine novels and ten collections of short stories, garnering the French Science-Fiction award in 1983 and the Prix Rosny-Aîné Awards in 1992, as well as the Grand Prix de l’Imaginaire and the Prix Ozone in 1997.
His short story Déchiffrer la Trame (Unravelling the Thread) won both the Prix de l’Imaginaire and the Rosny Award in 1998, and was voted Best Story of the Year by the readers of the magazine Interzone.
His novel, Etoiles Mourantes (Dying Stars), written in collaboration with the French author Ayerdhal, won the prestigious Eiffel Tower Award in 1999 as well as the Prix Ozone.
Dunyach's works have been translated into English, Bulgarian, Croatian, Danish, Hungarian, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish.
Dunyach also writes lyrics for several French singers, which served as an inspiration for one of his novels about a rock and roll singer touring in Antarctica with a zombie philharmonic orchestra...
Bibliography
Autoportrait (Self-Portrait) (collection) (Présence du Futur No. 415, Denoël, Paris, 1986)
Le Temple de Chair (Le Jeu des Sabliers, Tome 1) (The Temple of Flesh (The Game of the Hourglass, Vol. 1)) (Anticipation No. 1592, Fleuve Noi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Jaffrey%20Wheatley
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Peter Jaffrey Wheatley (5 March 1921 – 12 May 1997) was an English chemist, who published over 100 papers and 5 books on physical chemistry, crystallography and structural chemistry.
Biography
Wheatley was born on 5 March 1921 in Wilmslow, Cheshire. He was educated at King Edward VII School (photo) in Sheffield, where he was Head Prefect in 1938/1940, Captain of cricket for two years and 1st XI footballer for four. He began a degree at Oxford at the start of World War II, but was soon enlisted as a bombardier. He was captured during the Fall of Singapore in 1942. After four years as a prisoner of war, and working on the Burma railway, and then regaining his health, Wheatley returned to Oxford, studying at Queen's College (1946-1948) and Merton College (1948-1949). He was awarded a first in chemistry in 1948 and a DPhil in physical chemistry in 1951.
Wheatley married Edna Mary Bolton (known as Jo) in Sheffield in 1948. In September 1949 they sailed First Class from Liverpool on the Cunard Line’s Ascania to Quebec, en route to the Twin Cities, where Wheatley was a Commonwealth Fellow at the University of Minnesota for a year. On their return to the UK the first of their daughters was born in 1950. The following year they moved to Leeds, where Wheatley had a Lectureship in Chemistry. Their two other daughters were born in 1953 and 1954.
Biochemist Richard E. Dickerson recalls that “in 1957, Peter J. Wheatley despaired of supporting a wife and two children on his Leeds prof
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Blame
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Steve Blame is a British television presenter and screenwriter. He was the news editor and presenter between 1987 and 1994 for the television channel MTV.
Education
Blame received a Combined Honours Degree: Mathematics and Physics from Exeter University in 1980, and a master's degree in screen writing from the University of East Anglia in 2006.
Career
MTV
Blame presented MTV news bulletins from the MTV studios in Camden, and also on location in several countries in Europe. He presented MTV News at Night from 1987 to 1994, and the daily news show.
During his time at MTV he interviewed many pop stars of that era. As the main on-air presenter he also interviewed Mikhail Gorbachev, Jacques Delors, Shimon Peres, the Dalai Lama and Gro Harlem Brundtland. In this function, he commented on an MTV campaign trying to get young people to vote.
Blame hosted MTV Free Your Mind in 1992, with live debate about racism in Europe with studio guests including Campino and Jean Paul Gaultier amongst others), and filmed interviews included Wolfgang Schäuble and Peter Hain MP.
He hosted MTV's HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns on World Aids Day.
Take the Blame in 1988 was a weekly six-part chat show hosted by Blame and Leigh Bowery. Guests included Jackie Collins, The Communards, Boy George, Adam West (Batman), Nina Hagen, Lenny Henry, Leo Sayer, Jean Michel Jarre and Dolph Lundgren amongst others. The show contained sketches remaking famous movie scenes including Casablanca, Superman and The Soun
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20Norton%20Wise
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Matthew Norton Wise (born 1940) is an American historian of science who serves as a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He is also the co-director of the UCLA Center for Society and Genetics. He has famously attacked Gross and Levitt's book in which they perceive the obstruction of science by the academic left.
Early life and education
Wise was born on April 2, 1940, in Tacoma, Washington. obtained a BSc in physics from Pacific Lutheran University in 1962 and went on to obtain two PhDs: a PhD in experimental nuclear physics from Washington State University in 1968, and a PhD in the history of science from Princeton University in 1977.
Career
Wise was a physics professor at Auburn University and Oregon State University before becoming a history professor at UCLA and then, from 1991 to 2000, Princeton, before returning to UCLA, where he remains.
In the fourth term of the academical year 2004/5 he taught at Utrecht University and he spent much of his time at the Max Planck Institute in Berlin.
He is the recipient of the Berthold Leibinger Berlin Prize and Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin for Spring 2012.
External links
Norton Wise at the UCLA History Department
Norton Wise at the Center for Society and Genetics
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Living people
American historians of science
Philosophers of science
Princeton University alu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karim%20Nayernia
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Karim Nayernia () is an Iranian biomedical scientist and a world expert on stem cell biology and Personalized medicine.
He carried out pioneering work that has the potential to lead to future therapies for a range of medical conditions such as heart disease, Parkinson's disease and male infertility. His team was the first in the world to isolate a new type of stem cell from adult mouse testes (male sex glands), called spermatagonial stem cells. It was able to show that some of these stem cells, called multipotent adult germline stem cells (maGSCs), turned into heart, muscle, brain and other cells. Prof Nayernia and his team proposed that similar cells could be extracted from men using a simple testicular biopsy. On the basis of these cells, new stem cell techniques could be developed in order to treat a variety of illnesses.
Academic career
Karim Nayernia is an alumnus of the University of Göttingen, where he had defended his dissertation in 1993. He worked at the university until 2006, when he started to work at the Newcastle University. In 2003, he got the professorship (Habilitation) in Molecular Human Genetics from Medical Faculty of Georg-August University in Göttingen and in 2006 Professorship for Stem Cell Biology from the Newcastle University Institute of Human Genetics.
In 2009, he created human sperm-like cells from male stem cells in the laboratory for the first time. Previously, in 2006, he used sperm created from embryonic stem cells to impregnate mice. The m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20%28disambiguation%29
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Harmonic usually refers to the frequency components of a time-varying signal, such as a musical note.
Mathematics, science and engineering
Harmonic (mathematics), a number of concepts in mathematics
Harmonic analysis, representing signals by superposition of basic waves
Harmonic oscillator, a concept in classical mechanics
Simple harmonic motion, a concept in classical mechanics
Harmonic distortion, a measurement of signal distortion
Harmonics (electrical power)
Harmonic series (mathematics), a divergent infinite series
Harmonic tremor, a rhythmic earthquake which may indicate volcanic activity
Music
String harmonic, a string instrument playing technique
Artificial harmonic, a string instrument playing technique
Enharmonic, a "spelling" issue in music
Harmonic series (music), the series of overtones (or partials) present in a musical note, or the vibrational modes of a string or an air column
Scale of harmonics, a musical scale based on harmonic nodes of a string
The Harmonics, a rock a cappella group from Stanford University
Harmony, the musical use of simultaneous pitches, or chords
Inharmonicity, the degree of overtones' departure from integral multiples of the fundamental frequency
Overtone, any resonant frequency higher than the fundamental frequency
Other uses
Harmonic (color), a relationship between three colors
Harmonic Convergence, a New Age astrological term
"Harmonics", the twelfth movement of Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells 2003 album
Harm
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern%20recognition%20%28disambiguation%29
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Pattern recognition is a field in machine learning.
Pattern recognition may also refer to:
Pattern recognition (psychology), identification of faces, objects, words, melodies, etc.
Pattern Recognition (novel), a 2003 novel by William Gibson
Pattern Recognition, an album by Sea Scouts
"Pattern Recognition", a song by Sonic Youth from Sonic Nurse
Pattern Recognition (journal)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20operators%20and%20symbols%20in%20Unicode
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The Unicode Standard encodes almost all standard characters used in mathematics.
Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation.
Mathematical operators and symbols are in multiple Unicode blocks. Some of these blocks are dedicated to, or primarily contain, mathematical characters while others are a mix of mathematical and non-mathematical characters. This article covers all Unicode characters with a derived property of "Math".
Dedicated blocks
Mathematical Operators block
The Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF) contains characters for mathematical, logical, and set notation.
Supplemental Mathematical Operators block
The Supplemental Mathematical Operators block (U+2A00–U+2AFF) contains various mathematical symbols, including N-ary operators, summations and integrals, intersections and unions, logical and relational operators, and subset/superset relations.
Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block
The Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block (U+1D400–U+1D7FF) contains Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles. The reserved code points (the "holes") in the alphabetic ranges up to U+1D551 duplicate characters in the Letterlike Symbols block.
Letterlike Symbols block
The Letterlike Symbols block (U+2100–U+214F) includes variables. Most alphabetic math symbols are in the Mathema
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared%20spectroscopy%20correlation%20table
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An infrared spectroscopy correlation table (or table of infrared absorption frequencies) is a list of absorption peaks and frequencies, typically reported in wavenumber, for common types of molecular bonds and functional groups. In physical and analytical chemistry, infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) is a technique used to identify chemical compounds based on the way infrared radiation is absorbed by the compound.
The absorptions in this range do not apply only to bonds in organic molecules. IR spectroscopy is useful when it comes to analysis of inorganic compounds (such as metal complexes or fluoromanganates) as well.
Group frequencies
Tables of vibrational transitions of stable and transient molecules are also available.
See also
Applied spectroscopy
Absorption spectroscopy
References
Infrared spectroscopy
Chemistry-related lists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%20banding
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G-banding, G banding or Giemsa banding is a technique used in cytogenetics to produce a visible karyotype by staining condensed chromosomes. It is the most common chromosome banding method. It is useful for identifying genetic diseases (mainly chromosomal abnormalities) through the photographic representation of the entire chromosome complement.
Method
The metaphase chromosomes are treated with trypsin (to partially digest the chromosome) and stained with Giemsa stain. Heterochromatic regions, which tend to be rich with adenine and thymine (AT-rich) DNA and relatively gene-poor, stain more darkly in G-banding. In contrast, less condensed chromatin (Euchromatin)—which tends to be rich with guanine and cytosine (GC-rich) and more transcriptionally active—incorporates less Giemsa stain, and these regions appear as light bands in G-banding. The pattern of bands are numbered on each arm of the chromosome from the centromere to the telomere. This numbering system allows any band on the chromosome to be identified and described precisely. The reverse of G‑bands is obtained in R‑banding. Staining with Giemsa confers a purple color to chromosomes, but micrographs are often converted to grayscale to facilitate data presentation and make comparisons of results from different laboratories.
The less condensed the chromosomes are, the more bands appear when G-banding. This means that the different chromosomes are more distinct in prophase than they are in metaphase.
Advantage
It is diff
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20symbol
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In mathematics, the Hilbert symbol or norm-residue symbol is a function (–, –) from K× × K× to the group of nth roots of unity in a local field K such as the fields of reals or p-adic numbers. It is related to reciprocity laws, and can be defined in terms of the Artin symbol of local class field theory. The Hilbert symbol was introduced by in his Zahlbericht, with the slight difference that he defined it for elements of global fields rather than for the larger local fields.
The Hilbert symbol has been generalized to higher local fields.
Quadratic Hilbert symbol
Over a local field K whose multiplicative group of non-zero elements is K×,
the quadratic Hilbert symbol is the function (–, –) from K× × K× to {−1,1} defined by
Equivalently, if and only if is equal to the norm of an element of the quadratic extension page 110.
Properties
The following three properties follow directly from the definition, by choosing suitable solutions of the diophantine equation above:
If a is a square, then (a, b) = 1 for all b.
For all a,b in K×, (a, b) = (b, a).
For any a in K× such that a−1 is also in K×, we have (a, 1−a) = 1.
The (bi)multiplicativity, i.e.,
(a, b1b2) = (a, b1)·(a, b2)
for any a, b1 and b2 in K× is, however, more difficult to prove, and requires the development of local class field theory.
The third property shows that the Hilbert symbol is an example of a Steinberg symbol and thus factors over the second Milnor K-group , which is by definition
K× ⊗ K× / (a ⊗ (1−a), a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield%20Scott%20Chaplin
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Winfield Scott Chaplin (1847 – March 12, 1918) was the chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis from 1891 until 1907.
Early life
He was born in Maine in 1847 and graduated from West Point in 1870 as a second lieutenant of artillery. After resigning in 1872, he held a number of academic positions in civil and mechanical engineering; including Maine State College, Imperial University in Tokyo, Harvard University, and Union College. He served as dean of the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard for six years before being named Chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis at age 43.
Washington University in St. Louis
During his tenure, Washington University in St. Louis moved from downtown St. Louis to the Hilltop Campus (now known as the Danforth Campus) on the western edge of Forest Park. The St. Louis Medical College joined the University as did Missouri Dental College. The University awarded its first Ph.D. during Chaplin's administration. He brought key figures onto the board of directors who would have lasting influence on the University, most notably Samuel Cupples, Adolphus Busch, and Robert S. Brookings.
Later years
After 16 years at the University, Chaplin moved to the southwest to lead the American Rio Grande Land and Irrigation Company. He later moved to San Antonio, Texas, where he served as president of the Academy of Science. He returned to St. Louis in 1917 and died the following year.
Honors
Following his years as Professor of Civil Engineering
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fivos%20Constantinou
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Fivos Constantinou (; born May 27, 1981) is a Cyprus Native and holds undergraduate and graduate degrees in Computer Science from MIT. Fivos is well known for his accomplishments as a distance runner on the track as well as in Cross Country. He has competed for the MIT Cross Country and Indoor and Outdoor Track and Field Teams. In his senior year he was the Cross Country team captain and was voted as the team's MVP by the team members.
Prior to his collegiate career Fivos competed for his local track club in Cyprus, G.S.Z., and was a 4 time National champion.
He won National titles in 800m and 1500m races as well as 2 Cross Country titles.
Personal Bests
"(xc)" indicates Cross Country
"(i)" indicates Indoor Track
References
External links
Fivos' Training Log
MIT Men's Track and Field & Cross Country
Profile at the European Athletics Association
1981 births
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesel
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Riesel may refer to:
People
Hans Riesel (1929–2014), Swedish mathematician who discovered a Mersenne prime
Victor Riesel (1913–1995), American labor union journalist
In Mathematics
Riesel number, an odd natural number k for which the integers of the form k·2n−1 are all composite
Riesel Sieve, a project to prove the smallest Riesel number
Places
Riesel, Texas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%20Game%20Dynamics
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Newton Game Dynamics is an open-source physics engine for realistically simulating rigid bodies in games and other real-time applications. Its solver is deterministic and not based on traditional LCP or iterative methods.
Newton Game Dynamics is actively developed by Julio Jerez. Currently a new version which will take advantage of multi-core CPUs and GPUs is being developed.
Games that used Newton
This is a select list of games using Newton Game Dynamics.
Amnesia: Rebirth
Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs
Amnesia: The Dark Descent
Amnesia: The Bunker
b4n92uid theBall
City Bus Simulator
Future Pinball – a 3D pinball editing and gaming application
Mount & Blade
Nicktoons Winners Cup Racing
Overclocked: A History of Violence
Penumbra: Overture
Penumbra: Black Plague
Penumbra: Requiem
SOMA
Steam Brigade
Engines which incorporated Newton
A list of game engines using Newton Game Dynamics:
HPL Engine 1, 2, and 3
See also
Physics Abstraction Layer (PAL)
Open Dynamics Engine (ODE)
Project Chrono
External links
Github repository with latest development changes
Official Newton Game Dynamics homepage
References
Computer physics engines
Software using the zlib license
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20and%20molecular%20astrophysics
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Atomic astrophysics is concerned with performing atomic physics calculations that will be useful to astronomers and using atomic data to interpret astronomical observations. Atomic physics plays a key role in astrophysics as astronomers' only information about a particular object comes through the light that it emits, and this light arises through atomic transitions.
Molecular astrophysics, developed into a rigorous field of investigation by theoretical astrochemist Alexander Dalgarno beginning in 1967, concerns the study of emission from molecules in space. There are 110 currently known interstellar molecules. These molecules have large numbers of observable transitions. Lines may also be observed in absorption—for example the highly redshifted lines seen against the gravitationally lensed quasar PKS1830-211. High energy radiation, such as ultraviolet light, can break the molecular bonds which hold atoms in molecules. In general then, molecules are found in cool astrophysical environments. The most massive objects in our galaxy are giant clouds of molecules and dust known as giant molecular clouds. In these clouds, and smaller versions of them, stars and planets are formed. One of the primary fields of study of molecular astrophysics is star and planet formation. Molecules may be found in many environments, however, from stellar atmospheres to those of planetary satellites. Most of these locations are relatively cool, and molecular emission is most easily studied via photon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy%20Murchie
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Guy Murchie (Jr.) (25 January 1907 – 8 July 1997) was an American writer about science and philosophy: aviation, astronomy, biology, and the meaning of life. He was, successively, a world traveler; a war correspondent; a photographer, staff artist, and reporter for the Chicago Tribune; a pilot and flight instructor; a teacher; a lecturer; an aerial navigator; a building contractor; and founder and director of a summer camp for children. He was a practising member of the Baháʼí Faith. His books included Men on the Horizon (1932), Song of the Sky (1954), Music of the Spheres (1961), and The Seven Mysteries of Life (1978). The latter three books were chosen for promotion by the Book of the Month Club. He illustrated his books with etchings and woodcuts of his own design.
Early life
Murchie was the son of Ethel A. Murchie—who designed the interior of a seaplane for Sikorksy Aircraft—and Guy Murchie, Sr.: a graduate of Harvard Law School, a former member of Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders, a U.S. Marshal, and a prominent Boston attorney who at one time served as attorney to Winston Churchill. Sitting President Theodore Roosevelt and his wife attended Guy Jr.'s christening. His parents held him to high standards.
Murchie, who as an adult stood 6'6" tall and weighed 225 lbs., was raised as an Episcopalian, attended Kent School—which at the time was just "for boys"—and graduated from Harvard in 1929. From this heritage of privilege and physical capacity he instead turned to tra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein%20al-Musawi
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Husayn Al-Musawi (also Hussein Musawi) is a Lebanese who founded the now-dissolved pro-Iranian Islamist militia Islamic Amal in 1982. He was a Shia from Baalbek.
Musawi was a "chemistry teacher turned militia commander" who became the deputy head and official spokesman of the Amal movement/party/militia, Lebanon's largest Shi'ite movement.
On June 21, 1982, he defected from Amal to start the Islamic Amal splinter group, operating out of Baalbek, Lebanon. Musawi disapproved of Amal leader Nabih Berri's participation in the first session of the six-man Lebanese National Salvation Committee, his acceptance of "U.S. diplomatic efforts to end the Israeli siege of West Beirut, which was also Amal's strong hold," and his opposition to the pledging of pan-Islamic allegiance by Amal to Iranian Revolutionary Islamist leader Ayatollah Khomeini.
Under his leadership, Islamic Amal captured the Lebanese Gendarmerie barracks in Baalbeck on November 21, 1982. The barracks were later used by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps.
Musawi was a strong supporter of Iran. Musawi's pro-Iranian position was in part a reflection of having been trained in Iran and having been one of the elite protégés of Mostafa Chamran, the Iranian Defense Minister who had worked in Lebanon with Amal before the Shah's overthrow.
We are her [Iran's] children. We are seeking to formulate an Islamic society which in the final analysis will produce an Islamic state. ... The Islamic revolution will march
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Szatmari
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Peter Szatmari (born 1950) is a Canadian researcher of autism and Asperger syndrome.
Szatmari is a Professor and Vice-Chair, Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, at McMaster University. He is also the Director of the research training program in the department, and a member of the Offord Centre for Child Studies. Dr. Szatmari is Editor of the journal, Evidence-Based Mental Health, and serves on the editorial boards of several other journals.
Szatmari is known for his writings on Aspergers genetics, infant studies, and PET and MRI studies. He is also known for his diagnostic criteria for Asperger syndrome.
Szatmari helped to set up the Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) team at Chedoke Child and Family Centre, a regional diagnostic and treatment program for children with a PDD diagnosis, in Hamilton, Ontario.
Szatmari is currently part of the Autism Genome Project.
Diagnostic criteria for Asperger Syndrome
Dr. Szatmari's diagnostic criteria were published in 1989 and cover five main areas: Solitary (i.e. lack of friends), impaired social interaction (i.e. difficulty relating to others), impaired nonverbal communication (i.e. not understanding body language), odd speech patterns (i.e. different use of words), and that Asperger Syndrome does not meet the criteria for autistic disorder as defined in the DSM-III-R.
Szatmari suggests that AS was promoted as a diagnosis to spark more research into the syndrome: "It was introduced into the offic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Dunkels
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Adam Dunkels (born 1978) is a Swedish computer scientist, computer programmer, entrepreneur, and founder of Thingsquare, an Internet of things (IoT) product development business.
His father was professor of mathematics Andrejs Dunkels. His mother was professor Kerstin Vännman. His work is mainly focused on computer networking technology and distributed communication for small embedded systems and devices and wireless sensor networks on the Internet. He attended the Swedish Institute of Computer Science where he earned Bachelor of Science (B.S.), Master of Science (M.S.) in 2001, and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in 2007. Dunkels is best known to the embedded community as the author of the uIP (micro-IP) and lwIP TCP/IP Internet protocol suite (stacks). He invented protothreads and the operating system Contiki. The MIT Technology Review placed him on the TR35 list of world's top 35 innovators under 35, in 2009.
His book Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: the Next Internet, co-authored with Jean-Philippe Vasseur, and with a foreword by Vint Cerf, was published in 2010.
He is a founder of the Internet Protocol for Smart Objects Alliance (IPSO Alliance), which promotes IP networking for smart objects such as embedded systems and wireless sensors, and author of the alliance's white paper.
Dunkels received the 2008 Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) SIGOPS EuroSys Roger Needham PhD award for his Ph.D. thesis "Programming Memory-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree%20of%20a%20polynomial
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In mathematics, the degree of a polynomial is the highest of the degrees of the polynomial's monomials (individual terms) with non-zero coefficients. The degree of a term is the sum of the exponents of the variables that appear in it, and thus is a non-negative integer. For a univariate polynomial, the degree of the polynomial is simply the highest exponent occurring in the polynomial. The term order has been used as a synonym of degree but, nowadays, may refer to several other concepts (see Order of a polynomial (disambiguation)).
For example, the polynomial which can also be written as has three terms. The first term has a degree of 5 (the sum of the powers 2 and 3), the second term has a degree of 1, and the last term has a degree of 0. Therefore, the polynomial has a degree of 5, which is the highest degree of any term.
To determine the degree of a polynomial that is not in standard form, such as , one can put it in standard form by expanding the products (by distributivity) and combining the like terms; for example, is of degree 1, even though each summand has degree 2. However, this is not needed when the polynomial is written as a product of polynomials in standard form, because the degree of a product is the sum of the degrees of the factors.
Names of polynomials by degree
The following names are assigned to polynomials according to their degree:
Special case – zero (see , below)
Degree 0 – non-zero constant
Degree 1 – linear
Degree 2 – quadratic
Degree 3
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%20of%20relations
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In mathematics, the category Rel has the class of sets as objects and binary relations as morphisms.
A morphism (or arrow) R : A → B in this category is a relation between the sets A and B, so .
The composition of two relations R: A → B and S: B → C is given by
(a, c) ∈ S o R ⇔ for some b ∈ B, (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ S.
Rel has also been called the "category of correspondences of sets".
Properties
The category Rel has the category of sets Set as a (wide) subcategory, where the arrow in Set corresponds to the relation defined by .
A morphism in Rel is a relation, and the corresponding morphism in the opposite category to Rel has arrows reversed, so it is the converse relation. Thus Rel contains its opposite and is self-dual.
The involution represented by taking the converse relation provides the dagger to make Rel a dagger category.
The category has two functors into itself given by the hom functor: A binary relation R ⊆ A × B and its transpose RT ⊆ B × A may be composed either as R RT or as RT R. The first composition results in a homogeneous relation on A and the second is on B. Since the images of these hom functors are in Rel itself, in this case hom is an internal hom functor. With its internal hom functor, Rel is a closed category, and furthermore a dagger compact category.
The category Rel can be obtained from the category Set as the Kleisli category for the monad whose functor corresponds to power set, interpreted as a covariant functor.
Perhaps a bit surpr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.%20A.%20Menon
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Goplala Achutha "G. A" Menon (1931–2003) was a US-based entrepreneur of Kerala origin.
Early life and education
Born in North Paravur in Kerala, India, Menon studied at Government Higher Secondary School (North Paravur). He majored in mathematics at Madras University and went to Harvard Business School.
Career
Menon's first job was as a statistician for the Thackersey Mooljee Group, a Mumbai-based company which oversaw textile mills.
Following his graduation, he became a Systems Manager with IBM in India. When IBM closed down in India in 1978, he moved to Singapore where he joined the Chandaria Group. As an employee of Chandaria Group, he set up Multi Tech Systems, which merged with Venture Manufacturing Singapore Ltd in 1989. Menon continued to be the Chairman of Venture Corporation until his death.
After becoming a successful entrepreneur, he returned to Kerala with a proposal to set up a Rs 6,000-crore petrochemical complex at Kasaragod, which was unsuccessful. Subsequently, he set up the two Technopark companies: UST Global and Toonz Animation. Other Indian companies he was involved in were Dexcel Electronic Designs, Bangalore and Customer Line, Kochi.
He was also the founder and chairman of US-based Magnecomp International. The company was a manufacturer of the suspension assembly, a component used in the read/write heads of computer hard disk drives.
Personal life
Menon and his wife and son moved to Beverly Hills, California, in 1988.
Death and legacy
Menon d
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20locality
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Type locality may refer to:
Type locality (biology)
Type locality (geology)
See also
Local (disambiguation)
Locality (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebigs%20Annalen
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Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie (often cited as just Liebigs Annalen) was one of the oldest and historically most important journals in the field of organic chemistry worldwide. It was established in 1832 and edited by Justus von Liebig with Friedrich Wöhler and others until Liebig's death in 1873.
In 1997, the journal merged with Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas to form Liebigs Annalen/Recueil. In 1998, it was absorbed by European Journal of Organic Chemistry by merger of a number of other national European chemistry journals.
Title history
Annalen der Pharmacie, 1832–1839
Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1840–1873 (, CODEN JLACBF)
Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1873–1874 (, CODEN JLACBF)
Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, 1874–1944 & 1947–1978 (, CODEN JLACBF)
Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1979–1994 (, CODEN LACHDL)
Liebigs Annalen, 1995–1996 (, CODEN LANAEM)
Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, 1997 (, CODEN LIARFV)
European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1998+ (Print ; e, CODEN EJOCFK)
External links
of European Journal of Organic Chemistry (the successor journal of Liebigs Annalen, including a complete archive of the latter)
Liebigs Annalen at the Internet Archive
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie at the Hathi Trust
Chemistry journals
Publications established in 1832
Wiley-VCH academic journals
Publications disestablished in 1997
Justus von Liebig
Defunct journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum%20total%20protein
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Serum total protein, also known as total protein, is a clinical chemistry parameter representing the concentration of protein in serum.
Serum contains many proteins including serum albumin, a variety of globulins, and many others. While it is possible to analyze these proteins individually, total protein is a relatively quick and inexpensive analysis that does not discriminate by protein type.
The traditional method for measuring total protein uses the biuret reagent, but other chemical methods such as dye-binding and refractometry are now available. The measurement is usually performed on automated analysers along with other laboratory tests.
Interpretation
The reference range for total protein is typically 60-80g/L. (It is also sometimes reported as "6.0-8.0g/dl"), but this may vary depending on the method of analysis.
Concentrations below the reference range usually reflect low albumin concentration, for instance in liver disease or acute infection. Rarely, low total protein may be a sign of immunodeficiency.
Concentrations above the reference range are found in paraproteinaemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukaemia or any condition causing an increase in immunoglobulins. Total protein is also commonly elevated in dehydration and C677T gene mutation.
References
External links
Total protein and A/G ratio at Lab Tests Online
Total protein: analyte monograph - The Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
Blood proteins
Blood tests
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspectives%20in%20Biology%20and%20Medicine
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Perspectives in Biology and Medicine is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1957. It publishes essays that explore biology and medicine in relation to their place in society. Authors write informally, presenting their "perspectives" as the title suggests. Topics covered are sometimes explicitly scientific, but might also extend into areas of philosophy, history, pedagogy, and medical practice. The journal is published quarterly by the Johns Hopkins University Press.
See also
Medical humanities
References
External links
Academic journals established in 1957
General medical journals
Johns Hopkins University Press academic journals
English-language journals
Quarterly journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20M.%20Bortz%20III
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Walter Michael Bortz III is a former educator and higher education administrator. He served as the president of Hampden–Sydney College, located in Hampden Sydney, Virginia, from July 2000 until June 30, 2009.
Biography
Education and degrees
Bortz received his bachelor's degree in biology at Bethany College in Bethany, West Virginia. He earned his doctorate in policy studies at George Washington University in Washington, D.C.
Career
Bortz held administrative positions at Bethany College, Texas Christian University, and East Carolina University. In 1985, he became the Vice President for Institutional Advancement at the University of Hartford in West Hartford, Connecticut. He was also Acting Vice President for Student Services and Executive Director of Admissions and Student Financial Assistance at Hartford. In 1989, he became the Vice President for Administrative and Information Services at George Washington University. In July 2000, Bortz was named President of Hampden–Sydney College. At Hampden–Sydney he spearheaded a significant building program that included the new Everett Stadium and the Bortz Library, which was named in his honor. He retired as President on June 30, 2009.
After his retirement, Dr. Bortz and his wife moved to South Carolina. They have two adult children.
Honors and legacy
Bethany College awarded him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree.
On May 10, 2009 at the college's commencement ceremony, Tom Allen, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Hampden–Sydne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20Milner
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Isaac Milner (11 January 1750 – 1 April 1820) was a mathematician, an inventor, the President of Queens' College, Cambridge and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.
He was instrumental in the 1785 religious conversion of William Wilberforce and helped him through many trials and was a great supporter of the abolitionists' campaign against the slave trade, steeling Wilberforce with his assurance before the 1789 Parliamentary debate:
He was also a natural philosopher and the Dean of Carlisle.
Biography
Milner was born on 11 January 1750 in Mabgate, Leeds. He began his education at a grammar school in Leeds in 1756, but this ended in 1760 with the death of his father. He was apprenticed as a weaver, reading the classics when time permitted, until his elder brother, Joseph Milner, provided him with an opportunity. Joseph was offered the mastership at Hull's grammar school and invited Isaac to become the institution's usher.
Through the patronage of his brother, Milner was subsequently freed from his duties in Hull and entered Queens' College, Cambridge, as a sizar in 1770. He graduated with a BA degree as senior wrangler in 1774, winning the first Smith's prize.
Shortly after he took his bachelor's degree he was ordained as deacon; in 1776 Queens' offered him a fellowship; in the following year he became a priest and college tutor; and in 1778 he was presented with the rectory of St Botolph's Church, Cambridge. However, he was a northerner at heart and thus was sent to reform
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua%20King
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Joshua King (16 January 1798 – 1 September 1857) was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge from 1839 to 1849. He was also the President of Queens' College, Cambridge, from 1832 until his death and Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University from 1833–4.
Education
Educated at Hawkshead Grammar School, Joshua King went first to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1815 but moved to Queens' College in February 1816 as a sizar (i.e. a student receiving some financial assistance), and graduated Senior Wrangler in 1819.
Career
He was elected a Fellow of the Queens’ in 1820, and served as its President from 1832 to his death – the first person not in holy orders to be so elected. In the University, he was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1839, resigning because of ill-health in 1849 having given no lectures and published only one paper. His interests seemingly shifted from mathematics to law and politics, although he declined to stand as Tory candidate for Parliament for either the town or the University. He served on many committees, and was Vice-Chancellor in 1833/34. He died on 1 September 1857 aged 59, and was buried in the antechapel of the College.
"Joshua King came to Cambridge from Hawkshead Grammar School. It was soon evident that the school had produced someone of importance. He became Senior Wrangler, and his reputation in Cambridge was immense. It was believed that nothing less than a second Newton had appeared. They expected his work as a ma
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagine%20Cup
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Imagine Cup is an annual competition sponsored and hosted by Microsoft Corp. which brings together student developers worldwide to help resolve some of the world's toughest challenges. It is considered as "Olympics of Technology" by computer science and engineering and is considered one of the top competitions and awards related to technology and software design. All Imagine Cup competitors create projects that address the Imagine Cup theme: "Imagine a world where technology helps solve the toughest problems". Started in 2003, it has steadily grown, with more than 2 million competitors representing 150 countries in 2022. The 2023 Imagine Cup World Championship was held in Seattle, United States.
History
The Imagine Cup began in 2003 with approximately 1,000 competitors from 25 countries and regions and has grown to more than 2 million competitors representing 150 countries in 2022. The Imagine Cup World Championship has been held all over the globe. Since 2014, the Imagine Cup World Championship has been held in Seattle, United States.
2003: Barcelona, Spain – Theme: Link between people, information, systems, and devices, using Web services and. NET as the springboard.
2004: São Paulo, Brazil – Theme: Imagine a world where smart technology makes everyday life easier.
2005: Yokohama, Japan – Theme: Imagine a world where technology dissolves the boundaries between us.
2006: Agra & Delhi, India – Theme: Imagine a world where technology enables us to live healthier lives.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement%20John%20Tranter
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Clement John Tranter, (16 August 1909 – 27 October 1991) was a British mathematics professor, researcher and the author of several key academic textbooks. Born in 1909 into a family of scientists, he served as a captain in the Second World War, before receiving his doctorate from the University of Oxford and later becoming professor of mathematical physics at the Royal Military College of Science in Shrivenham. His published works became popular in schools during the 1970s and were the standard textbooks used by A-level students for several years; they are still used in Far Eastern schools today.
He was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire and died of a sudden heart attack at his home in Highworth, close to Swindon. He was survived by his wife Joan, who later died on 6 December 2008.
Published works
Advanced Level Pure Mathematics, 1953.
Techniques of Mathematical Analysis, 1957.
Integral Transforms in Mathematical Physics, 1959. (translated to Spanish)
Differential Equations for Engineers and Scientists, 1961.
Mathematics For Sixth Form Scientists, 1964.
Bessel Functions with some Physical Applications, 1969.
References
L.W. Longdon & D.C. Stocks (1994) "Clement John Tranter", Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 26(5):497–502.
1909 births
1991 deaths
People educated at Cirencester Grammar School
British non-fiction writers
20th-century British mathematicians
British physicists
People from Highworth
Commanders of the Order of the British Empir
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Union%20of%20Microbiological%20Societies
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The International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS), founded in 1927 as the International Society of Microbiology, is one of 40 member unions and associations of the International Science Council (ISC), and was formerly under ISC's predecessor, the International Council for Science.
The union's objectives are to promote the study of microbiological sciences internationally: initiate, facilitate and coordinate research and other scientific activities which involve international cooperation; ensure the discussion and dissemination of the results of international conferences, symposia and meetings and assist in the publication of their reports; represent microbiological sciences in ISC and maintain contact with other international organizations.
IUMS activities include the classification and nomenclature of bacteria, fungi and viruses, food microbiology, medical microbiology and diagnostics, culture collections, education, and biological standardization.
The president-elect of IUMS is Professor Eliora Ron of Tel Aviv University.
Organization
The IUMS has three divisions:
Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology (BAM)
Mycology
Virology
These divisions each have their own set of officers and objectives. Each division is responsible for the organization of their own International Congresses. They work together toward the goal of furthering microbiology research and communication globally.
In addition to the three divisions, the IUMS also conducts scientific activitie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20number
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Regular numbers are numbers that evenly divide powers of 60 (or, equivalently, powers of 30). Equivalently, they are the numbers whose only prime divisors are 2, 3, and 5. As an example, 602 = 3600 = 48 × 75, so as divisors of a power of 60 both 48 and 75 are regular.
These numbers arise in several areas of mathematics and its applications, and have different names coming from their different areas of study.
In number theory, these numbers are called 5-smooth, because they can be characterized as having only 2, 3, or 5 as their prime factors. This is a specific case of the more general -smooth numbers, the numbers that have no prime factor greater
In the study of Babylonian mathematics, the divisors of powers of 60 are called regular numbers or regular sexagesimal numbers, and are of great importance in this area because of the sexagesimal (base 60) number system that the Babylonians used for writing their numbers, and that was central to Babylonian mathematics.
In music theory, regular numbers occur in the ratios of tones in five-limit just intonation. In connection with music theory and related theories of architecture, these numbers have been called the harmonic whole numbers.
In computer science, regular numbers are often called Hamming numbers, after Richard Hamming, who proposed the problem of finding computer algorithms for generating these numbers in ascending order. This problem has been used as a test case for functional programming.
Number theory
Formally
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig%20Darmstaedter
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Ludwig Darmstaedter (9 August 1846 – 18 October 1927) was a German chemist and historian of science.
From 1865 he studied chemistry under Robert Bunsen and Emil Erlenmeyer at the University of Heidelberg, then furthered his education in Leipzig as a student of Hermann Kolbe. Afterwards, he relocated to Berlin, where he performed studies on alkali fusion of sulfonic acids in the laboratory of Karl Hermann Wichelhaus. From 1872, with Benno Jaffé, he was involved with industrial chemical research; e.g. glycerin extraction. Later on in his career, he conducted investigations on the composition and synthesis of lanolin.
His interest in the historical development of chemistry inspired him to compile an extensive collection of manuscripts of scientists ("Dokumentensammlung Darmstaedter") in the Prussian State Library at Berlin. From 1917 onwards, Darmstaedter financed Wilhelm Doegen's efforts to record speech samples of persons of public interest. Since 1952 the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize has been awarded in Germany for outstanding contributions in the field of medicine.
Works
Ludwig Darmstaedter, René du Bois-Reymond: 4000 jahre pionier-arbeit in den exakten wissenschaften, 1904.
Ludwig Darmstaedter: Handbuch zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik. Berlin 1908 (2nd edition).
Ludwig Darmstaedter: Königliche Bibliothek zu Berlin. Verzeichnis der Autographensammlung. Berlin 1909.
Ludwig Darmstaedter: Naturforscher und Erfinder. Biographische Mi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamui%20Fujiwara
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is a Japanese character designer and manga artist. Fujiwara's father was a soldier in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. He excelled in mathematics and computer science when in grade school. He graduated from the Kuwasawa Design School. Fujiwara won an honorable mention in 1979 for his debut manga titled Itsu mo no Asa ni in the 18th Tezuka Award along with Toshio Nobe (also an honorable mention) and Tsukasa Hojo, who won the top prize awarded. He was heavily influenced by Katsuhiro Otomo, and a defining feature of his work is the fine attention to detail. His pen name "Kamui" has its origins in the name of the Ainu god of creation, Kamuy, and he has used it since high school. He has had stories published in the manga anthology series Petit Apple Pie.
Works
Manga
Buyo Buyo
"Chameko" (published in Manga Burikko)
Chocolate Panic
Clip
Color Mail
Deja Vu
Dragon Quest: Warriors of Eden
Dragon Quest Retsuden: Roto no Monshō
Dragon Quest Retsuden: Emblem of Roto Returns
Dragon Quest Retsuden: Emblem of Roto: Monshō o Tsugumono-tachi e
Drop
Fukugami Chōkidan
H2O (published in Manga Burikko)
Hot Ai-Q
Hyōi
Kanata e
Kenrō Densetsu: Kerberos Panzer Cops (written by Mamoru Oshii)
Oine (published in Manga Burikko, originally created by Kentarō Takekuma)
Old Testament: Genesis Books I & II (initially published by Core, republished by Tokuma Shoten)
Raika (created by Yū Terashima)
Saiyūki
Shifuku Sennen
Sōseiki
St. Michaela Gakuen Hyōryūki (created b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopcroft%E2%80%93Karp%20algorithm
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In computer science, the Hopcroft–Karp algorithm (sometimes more accurately called the Hopcroft–Karp–Karzanov algorithm) is an algorithm that takes a bipartite graph as input and produces a maximum-cardinality matching as output — a set of as many edges as possible with the property that no two edges share an endpoint. It runs in time in the worst case, where is set of edges in the graph, is set of vertices of the graph, and it is assumed that . In the case of dense graphs the time bound becomes , and for sparse random graphs it runs in time with high probability.
The algorithm was discovered by and independently by . As in previous methods for matching such as the Hungarian algorithm and the work of , the Hopcroft–Karp algorithm repeatedly increases the size of a partial matching by finding augmenting paths. These paths are sequences of edges of the graph, which alternate between edges in the matching and edges out of the partial matching, and where the initial and final edge are not in the partial matching. Finding an augmenting path allows us to increment the size of the partial matching, by simply toggling the edges of the augmenting path (putting in the partial matching those that were not, and vice versa). Simpler algorithms for bipartite matching, such as the Ford–Fulkerson algorithm‚ find one augmenting path per iteration: the Hopcroft-Karp algorithm instead finds a maximal set of shortest augmenting paths, so as to ensure that only iterations are needed inste
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouton
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Bouton may refer to:
Biology
Axon terminal, also called synaptic bouton or terminal bouton
Places
Bouton, Iowa, a town in the United States
Bouton, an older English spelling, no longer in use, for Buton, an island in Indonesia
People
Alphonse Bouton (1908-?), French rower
Anaïs Bouton (1970-), French television presenter
Arthur F. Bouton (1872–1952), New York state senator
Betty Bouton (1891-?) American actress
Bruce Bouton (born 1954), American musician
Charles L. Bouton (1869–1922), American mathematician
Charles Marie Bouton (1781-1853), French painter
Christopher Bouton, American businessman
Claude Bouton, Lord of Corbaron, courtier, poet, and diplomat
Emily St. John Bouton (1837–1927), American educator, journalist, author, editor
Georges Bouton (1847-1938), French toymaker and engineer
Jim Bouton (1939–2019), American MLB player, author of Ball Four
John Bouton (1636–1707), founding settler of Norwalk, Connecticut
Nathaniel Bouton (1799–1878), American minister and historian
Rosa Bouton (1860–1951), American chemist and professor
Other
De Dion-Bouton, a French automobile manufacturer
Synaptic bouton, part of a chemical synapse
Canine assistant of Mother Hildegarde de Gascogne in the Outlander book series
See also
Boughton (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontecorvo%E2%80%93Maki%E2%80%93Nakagawa%E2%80%93Sakata%20matrix
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In particle physics, the Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix (PMNS matrix), Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix (MNS matrix), lepton mixing matrix, or neutrino mixing matrix is a unitary
mixing matrix which contains information on the mismatch of quantum states of neutrinos when they propagate freely and when they take part in weak interactions. It is a model of neutrino oscillation. This matrix was introduced in 1962 by Ziro Maki, Masami Nakagawa, and Shoichi Sakata,
to explain the neutrino oscillations predicted by Bruno Pontecorvo.
The PMNS matrix
The Standard Model of particle physics contains three generations or "flavors" of neutrinos,
,
, and
,
each labeled with a subscript showing the charged lepton that it partners with in the charged-current weak interaction. These three eigenstates of the weak interaction form a complete, orthonormal basis for the Standard Model neutrino. Similarly, one can construct an eigenbasis out of three neutrino states of definite mass, , , and , which diagonalize the neutrino's free-particle Hamiltonian. Observations of neutrino oscillation established experimentally that for neutrinos, as for quarks, these two eigenbases are different – they are 'rotated' relative to each other.
Consequently, each flavor eigenstate can be written as a combination of mass eigenstates, called a "superposition", and vice versa. The PMNS matrix, with components corresponding to the amplitude of mass eigenstate in terms of flavor "", "", ""; parameterizes the u
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Riess
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Adam Guy Riess (born December 16, 1969) is an American astrophysicist and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science Institute. He is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes. Riess shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Saul Perlmutter and Brian P. Schmidt for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.
Family
Riess was born in Washington, D.C., one of three children. He grew up in Warren, New Jersey, where his father (Naval engineer Michael Riess) owned a frozen-foods distribution company, Bistro International, and his mother (Doris Riess) worked as a clinical psychologist. Michael Riess (1931–2007) immigrated to the United States with his parents (journalist, war correspondent and author Curt Martin Riess and Ilse Posnansky) from Germany on the ship SS Europa (1928) in 1936. Reiss is Jewish. Adam Riess has two sisters – Gail Saltz, a psychiatrist, and Holly Hagerman, an artist. Riess married Nancy Joy Schondorf in 1998.
Education
He attended Watchung Hills Regional High School, graduating in the class of 1988. He also attended the prestigious New Jersey Governor's School in the Sciences in 1987. Riess then graduated from The Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1992 where he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. He received his PhD from Harvard University in 1996; it resulted in measurements of over twenty new
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanings%20of%20minor%20planet%20names%3A%2048001%E2%80%9349000
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48001–48100
|-id=047
| 48047 Houghten || || Christopher Houghten (born 1963), from Rutland, Vermont, who developed a non-computer-based system to allow manually operated telescopes to be GOTO telescopes ||
|-id=070
| 48070 Zizza || || Frank Zizza, American associate professor of mathematics at the University of Arizona South and past president of the Huachuca Astronomy Club. He is credited with originating the idea of establishing an astronomical observatory on the university's campus in Sierra Vista. ||
|}
48101–48200
|-id=159
| 48159 Saint-Véran || 2001 HY || Saint-Véran, the highest village in France, where the Observatoire de Saint-Véran is located ||
|-id=171
| 48171 Juza || || Karel Juza (1952–1994) was a Czech stellar astronomer who worked at the observatories in Valašské Meziříčí, Tatranská Lomnica, Skalnaté Pleso and Ondřejov. His studies concentrated on the eclipsing binary AR Aur and Be-stars. He died prematurely, just before finishing his Ph.D. thesis. ||
|-id=200
| 48200 Nishiokatakashi || || Takashi Nishioka (born 1936) contributed to the promotion and development of Japan's aerospace industry, such as leading the domestic production of commercial aircraft and initiating the privatization of rocket launch services. He is the chairman of the Japan Space Forum. ||
|}
48201–48300
|-id=300
| 48300 Kronk || || Gary W. Kronk (born 1956) is an American amateur astronomer, programer-analyst and writer who was so inspired by comet C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph%20Hering
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Rudolph Hering (February 26, 1847 – May 30, 1923) was a founder of modern environmental technology.
Biography
Rudolph Hering was born in Philadelphia on February 26, 1847. He came to Dresden at age 13 to attend school there and studied civil engineering at the Technische Universität Dresden as a member of the German Student Corps Altsachsen.
He was involved in the reversing of the Chicago river; his name features prominently in stories about the river reversal project. There is a medal named after him.
He died at his home in New York City on May 30, 1923. He is buried at West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.
Notes
External links
Rudolph Hering Society of Chicago
Biography-West Laurel Hill Cemetery web site
1847 births
1923 deaths
American environmentalists
TU Dresden alumni
People from Chicago
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco%20Antonio%20Zago
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Marco Antonio Zago (born January 11, 1946 in Birigüi, São Paulo) is a Brazilian physician and prominent medical scientist, who is active in the fields of hereditary diseases of the blood (hemoglobins, clotting, thrombosis), molecular basis of cancer and human population genetics. Aside from working directly as scientes, he has been president of the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) and dean of the University of São Paulo. He's now the president of the São Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp).
Dr. Zago graduated in Medicine from the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo in 1970, where he received the M.Sc. degree in medicine (1973) and the Ph.D. degree (1975), under the supervision of Professor Cássio Bottura, one of the most outstanding Brazilian hematologist and cytogeneticist.
After his post-doctoral training at the Oxford University, in the laboratories of Professor Sir David J. Wetherall, whose group was at the time establishing the molecular bases of the thalassemias, he returned to Brazil and started a research group with a major scientific interest in the genetic bases of hematological diseases.
This group soon attracted attention with the following achievements, among others:
Demonstrated that the residual amount of HbF produced in adults is genetically determined. The molecular bases for this inheritance are complex, involving at least three loci, and are of importance for the treatment of hereditary anemias.
Identified fo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bren%20Hall
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Bren Hall, opened in April 2002, is located on the campus of University of California, Santa Barbara, located in Santa Barbara, California. It is named in honor of philanthropist Donald Bren and hosts the university's Bren School of Environmental Science & Management. The building has a view of Santa Barbara Channel and the Channel Islands. It has been called the "greenest" laboratory facility in the United States
Construction
Bren Hall's original location was a parking lot. All of the waste was recycled and used in the construction or elsewhere on campus. Developers designed the building to conserve power by using energy-efficient lighting, natural lighting, efficient boilers, connection to the campus's chilled water loop, and a sophisticated building automation system. Many of the furnishings—including the carpet, insulation, counters, and furniture—were made from recycled materials. All water fixtures are highly efficient, including waterless urinals and low-flow, self-closing faucets. Reclaimed water is used in the toilets and for irrigation purposes. Offices on the side of the ocean are cooled by ventilation system of air from operable windows.
Platinum rating
The United States Green Building Council gave Bren Hall one of its first Platinum ratings under LEED 1.0's New Construction category. On August 4, 2009, it was announced that Bren Hall had become the first building in the nation to receive a second Platinum award, this time in the category Existing Build
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergene%20%28disambiguation%29
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Supergene is a group of neighbouring genes on a chromosome that are inherited together because of close genetic linkage and are functionally related in an evolutionary sense. Supergene may also refer to:
Supergene (program), a computer program which allows the user to test a variety of plant genetics models
Supergene (geology), in ore deposit geology, processes or enrichment occurring relatively near the surface, as opposed to deep hypogene processes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mock%20modular%20form
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In mathematics, a mock modular form is the holomorphic part of a harmonic weak Maass form, and a mock theta function is essentially a mock modular form of weight . The first examples of mock theta functions were described by Srinivasa Ramanujan in his last 1920 letter to G. H. Hardy and in his lost notebook. Sander Zwegers discovered that adding certain non-holomorphic functions to them turns them into harmonic weak Maass forms.
History
Ramanujan's 12 January 1920 letter to Hardy listed 17 examples of functions that he called mock theta functions, and his lost notebook contained several more examples. (Ramanujan used the term "theta function" for what today would be called a modular form.) Ramanujan pointed out that they have an asymptotic expansion at the cusps, similar to that of modular forms of weight , possibly with poles at cusps, but cannot be expressed in terms of "ordinary" theta functions. He called functions with similar properties "mock theta functions". Zwegers later discovered the connection of the mock theta function with weak Maass forms.
Ramanujan associated an order to his mock theta functions, which was not clearly defined. Before the work of Zwegers, the orders of known mock theta functions included
3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10.
Ramanujan's notion of order later turned out to correspond to the conductor of the Nebentypus character of the weight harmonic Maass forms which admit Ramanujan's mock theta functions as their holomorphic projections.
In the next few de
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabin%20signature%20algorithm
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In cryptography, the Rabin signature algorithm is a method of digital signature originally proposed by Michael O. Rabin in 1978.
The Rabin signature algorithm was one of the first digital signature schemes proposed. By introducing the use of hashing as an essential step in signing, it was the first design to meet what is now the modern standard of security against forgery, existential unforgeability under chosen-message attack, assuming suitably scaled parameters.
Rabin signatures resemble RSA signatures with 'exponent ', but this leads to qualitative differences that enable more efficient implementation and a security guarantee relative to the difficulty of integer factorization, which has not been proven for RSA.
However, Rabin signatures have seen relatively little use or standardization outside IEEE P1363 in comparison to RSA signature schemes such as RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 and RSASSA-PSS.
Definition
The Rabin signature scheme is parametrized by a randomized hash function of a message and -bit randomization string .
Public key
A public key is a pair of integers with and odd.
Signature
A signature on a message is a pair of a -bit string and an integer such that
Private key
The private key for a public key is the secret odd prime factorization of , chosen uniformly at random from some space of large primes. Let , , and . To make a signature on a message , the signer picks a -bit string uniformly at random, and computes . If is a quadratic nonresidue
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofluorine%20chemistry
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Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of organofluorine compounds, organic compounds that contain a carbon–fluorine bond. Organofluorine compounds find diverse applications ranging from oil and water repellents to pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, and reagents in catalysis. In addition to these applications, some organofluorine compounds are pollutants because of their contributions to ozone depletion, global warming, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The area of organofluorine chemistry often requires special techniques associated with the handling of fluorinating agents.
The carbon–fluorine bond
Fluorine has several distinctive differences from all other substituents encountered in organic molecules. As a result, the physical and chemical properties of organofluorines can be distinctive in comparison to other organohalogens.
The carbon–fluorine bond is one of the strongest in organic chemistry (an average bond energy around 480 kJ/mol). This is significantly stronger than the bonds of carbon with other halogens (an average bond energy of e.g. C-Cl bond is around 320 kJ/mol) and is one of the reasons why fluoroorganic compounds have high thermal and chemical stability.
The carbon–fluorine bond is relatively short (around 1.4 Å).
The Van der Waals radius of the fluorine substituent is only 1.47 Å, which is shorter than in any other substituent and is close to that of hydrogen (1.2 Å). This, together with the short bond length, is the reason why there is no steric s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointcheval%E2%80%93Stern%20signature%20algorithm
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In cryptography, the Pointcheval–Stern signature algorithm is a digital signature scheme based on the closely related ElGamal signature scheme. It changes the ElGamal scheme slightly to produce an algorithm which has been proven secure in a strong sense against adaptive chosen-message attacks, assuming the discrete logarithm problem is intractable in a strong sense.
David Pointcheval and Jacques Stern developed the forking lemma technique in constructing their proof for this algorithm. It has been used in other security investigations of various cryptographic algorithms.
References
Digital signature schemes
Public-key cryptography
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbaki%20dangerous%20bend%20symbol
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The dangerous bend or caution symbol ☡ () was created by the Nicolas Bourbaki group of mathematicians and appears in the margins of mathematics books written by the group. It resembles a road sign that indicates a "dangerous bend" in the road ahead, and is used to mark passages tricky on a first reading or with an especially difficult argument.
Variations
Others have used variations of the symbol in their books. The computer scientist Donald Knuth introduced an American-style road-sign depiction in his Metafont and TeX systems, with a pair of adjacent signs indicating doubly dangerous passages.
Typography
In the LaTeX typesetting system, Knuth's dangerous bend symbol can be produced by
first loading the font manfnt (a font with extra symbols used in Knuth's TeX manual) with
\usepackage{manfnt}
and then typing
\dbend
There are several variations given by \lhdbend, \reversedvideodbend, \textdbend, \textlhdbend, and \textreversedvideodbend.
See also
Halmos box
References
External links
Knuth's use of the dangerous bend sign. Public domain GIF files.
Latex style file to provide a "danger" environment marked by a dangerous bend sign, based on Knuth's book.
Mathematical symbols
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%20Khansari
|
Haj Seyyed Ahmad Khansari (1891–1950/51), son of Seyyed Yusef Khansari, was one of the conspicuous jurisprudents.
He was born in a religious family in Khansar City on August 24, 1891 (18th Moharam 1309 AH). He studied Mathematics, Primary Sciences and Seminary lectures in Khansar. To continue his studies he went to Isfahan. His teachers were his great brother "Ayatollah Seyyed Hasan Khansari", Seyyed Mohammad Sadiq Isfahani, Mullah Abdul Karim Gazi, and Mirza Mohammad Ali Toyserkani. He was an expert in medicine, physics, algebra, geometry, astronomy, philosophy, law, metaphysics and metascience. After establishment of Qom Seminary by Ayatollah Haeri, according to his invitation, Haj Seyyed Ahmad Khansari left Isfahan for Qom to teach in the Seminary there. While there, he was considered as a high degree teacher. In Qom Seminary, he taught Theology, Philosophy and Mathematics. Only some of his students, such as Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri, had the opportunity to learn about explicit sciences mentioned above, and the majority of his students studied jurisprudence in his public lectures. In 1370 AH (Gregorian calendar: October 13, 1950 – October 1, 1951), when Haj Yahya Sajadi died, he went to Tehran according to Ayatollah Boroujerdi's request. In Tehran, he stayed in Sayyed Azizulallah Mosque.
He has a book titled Jame'ol Madarek fy sharhe mokhtasare nafee in 14 volumes written in Arabic. The most prominent aspect of this book is its association with the new look of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Scheiner
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Julius Scheiner (25 November 1858 – 20 December 1913) was a German astronomer, born in Cologne and educated at Bonn. He became assistant at the astrophysical observatory in Potsdam in 1887 and its observer in chief in 1898, three years after his appointment to the chair of astrophysics in the University of Berlin. Scheiner paid special attention to celestial photography and wrote Die Spektralanalyse der Gestirne (1890); Lehrbuch der Photographie der Gestirne (1897); Strahlung und Temperatur der Sonne (1899); Der Bau des Weltalls (1901); third edition (1909). In 1899 he began the publication of the Photographische Himmelskarte; Zone +31° bis +40° Deklination.
He is also credited with developing the first system for measuring the sensitivity of photographic emulsions in 1894, Scheinergrade, which also inspired the later DIN 4512 standard to measure film speeds.
Further reading
References
External links
A Spanish version of the book 'Técnicas Gráficas' can be downloaded freely from this site.
19th-century German astronomers
German science writers
1858 births
1913 deaths
German male non-fiction writers
20th-century German astronomers
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Deaths in the German Empire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeterminate%20system
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In mathematics, particularly in algebra, an indeterminate system is a system of simultaneous equations (e.g., linear equations) which has more than one solution (sometimes infinitely many solutions). In the case of a linear system, the system may be said to be underspecified, in which case the presence of more than one solution would imply an infinite number of solutions (since the system would be describable in terms of at least one free variable), but that property does not extend to nonlinear systems (e.g., the system with the equation ).
An indeterminate system by definition is consistent, in the sense of having at least one solution. For a system of linear equations, the number of equations in an indeterminate system could be the same as the number of unknowns, less than the number of unknowns (an underdetermined system), or greater than the number of unknowns (an overdetermined system). Conversely, any of those three cases may or may not be indeterminate.
Examples
The following examples of indeterminate systems of equations have respectively, fewer equations than, as many equations as, and more equations than unknowns:
Conditions giving rise to indeterminacy
In linear systems, indeterminacy occurs if and only if the number of independent equations (the rank of the augmented matrix of the system) is less than the number of unknowns and is the same as the rank of the coefficient matrix. For if there are at least as many independent equations as unknowns, that will el
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalyanmoy%20Deb
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Kalyanmoy Deb is an Indian computer scientist. Deb is the Herman E. & Ruth J. Koenig Endowed Chair Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering at Michigan State University. Deb is also a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering and the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Michigan State University.
Deb established the Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory at IIT Kanpur in 1997 and the Computational Optimization and Innovation (COIN) Laboratory at Michigan State in 2013. In 2001, Wiley published a textbook written by Deb titled Multi-Objective Optimization using Evolutionary Algorithms as part of its series titled "Systems and Optimization". In an analysis of the network of authors in the academic field of evolutionary computation by Carlos Cotta and Juan-Julián Merelo, Deb was identified as one of the most central authors in the community and was designated as a "sociometric superstar" of the field. Deb has several honors, including the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award in engineering sciences (2005), the Thomson Citation Laureate award for his highly cited research in computer science (1996–2005), and the MCDM Edgeworth-Pareto Award for a record of creativity to the extent that the field of multiple-criteria decision making would not exist in its current form in 2008. Deb has been awarded the Infosys Prize in Engineering and Computer Science from Infosys Limited, Bangalore, India for his contributions to evolutionary multi-object
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20notation
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In mathematics and physics, vector notation is a commonly used notation for representing vectors, which may be Euclidean vectors, or more generally, members of a vector space.
For representing a vector, the common typographic convention is lower case, upright boldface type, as in . The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommends either bold italic serif, as in , or non-bold italic serif accented by a right arrow, as in .
In advanced mathematics, vectors are often represented in a simple italic type, like any variable.
History
In 1835 Giusto Bellavitis introduced the idea of equipollent directed line segments which resulted in the concept of a vector as an equivalence class of such segments.
The term vector was coined by W. R. Hamilton around 1843, as he revealed quaternions, a system which uses vectors and scalars to span a four-dimensional space. For a quaternion q = a + bi + cj + dk, Hamilton used two projections: S q = a, for the scalar part of q, and V q = bi + cj + dk, the vector part. Using the modern terms cross product (×) and dot product (.), the quaternion product of two vectors p and q can be written pq = –p.q + p×q. In 1878, W. K. Clifford severed the two products to make the quaternion operation useful for students in his textbook Elements of Dynamic. Lecturing at Yale University, Josiah Willard Gibbs supplied notation for the scalar product and vector products, which was introduced in Vector Analysis.
In 1891, Oliver Heaviside argued
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo%20Colombi
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Arturo Colombi (born January 6, 1958) is an Argentine Radical Civic Union (UCR) politician, and former governor of Corrientes Province.
Born in Mercedes, Corrientes, and educated at the National University of the Northeast with a degree in civil engineering, Colombi served as provincial Minister of Public Works in the administration of then-governor, his cousin Ricardo Colombi. He was elected governor of the province in 2005, when Ricardo Colombi resigned to stand for a seat in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies.
Colombi was a leading UCR supporter of Peronist President Néstor Kirchner, and led the Frente de Todos (1996 coalition) coalition between the UCR and justicialists in the October 2005 elections, supported by Kirchner. In 2007, he successfully led the Corrientes Province party list supported by presidential candidate Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in elections to congressional seats, but was opposed by his cousin and former ally, Ricardo Colombi.
Like his ally, Vice-President Julio Cobos, Colombi became estranged from the Kirchners during the 2008 Argentine government conflict with the agricultural sector. His bid to for re-election as governor in 2009 was in opposition to both Kirchnerism and to the UCR, which nominated Ricardo Colombi. Amid both family and political acrimony, the latter won the election in the second round, and Arturo Colombi left office without attending his successor's inaugural.
External links
Corrientes Province (Spanish)
Campaign website (Sp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery%20theory
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In mathematics, specifically in geometric topology, surgery theory is a collection of techniques used to produce one finite-dimensional manifold from another in a 'controlled' way, introduced by . Milnor called this technique surgery, while Andrew Wallace called it spherical modification. The "surgery" on a differentiable manifold M of dimension , could be described as removing an imbedded sphere of dimension p from M. Originally developed for differentiable (or, smooth) manifolds, surgery techniques also apply to piecewise linear (PL-) and topological manifolds.
Surgery refers to cutting out parts of the manifold and replacing it with a part of another manifold, matching up along the cut or boundary. This is closely related to, but not identical with, handlebody decompositions.
More technically, the idea is to start with a well-understood manifold M and perform surgery on it to produce a manifold M′ having some desired property, in such a way that the effects on the homology, homotopy groups, or other invariants of the manifold are known. A relatively easy argument using Morse theory shows that a manifold can be obtained from another one by a sequence of spherical modifications if and only if those two belong to the same cobordism class.
The classification of exotic spheres by led to the emergence of surgery theory as a major tool in high-dimensional topology.
Surgery on a manifold
A basic observation
If X, Y are manifolds with boundary, then the boundary of the prod
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla%20software
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In computer science, vanilla describes software, hardware or algorithms that have not been customized or modified from their original form. The term "Vanilla software" has become a widespread de facto industry standard, widely used by businesses and individuals. The term comes from the traditional standard flavor of ice cream, vanilla. According to Eric S. Raymond's The New Hacker's Dictionary, "vanilla" means more "ordinary", not "default".
Examples of how to use "vanilla" in a sentence:
As one of the earliest examples, IBM's mainframe text publishing system BookMaster, provides a default way to specify which parts of a book to publish, called "vanilla", and a fancier way, called "mocha".
The term "vanilla" is sometimes also used for hardware components. For instance, in the 1990s non-upgraded Amiga home computers were called "(plain) vanilla"; similarly, it was later also applied to PC parts.
For Unix-based kernels, a "vanilla kernel" is a kernel that has been unmodified by any third-party source. For instance, the vanilla Linux kernel is often given a Linux distribution–specific "flavour" by being heavily modified.
In his book End of Ignorance, Charles Winborne refers to a static page that is "only a text file, but one that links to accompanying files" as a plain-vanilla web page.
Fans of the video game Minecraft usually refer to the game without mods as "vanilla".
JavaScript, when used without any libraries or third party plugins is referred to as "vanilla JavaScr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Room%20for%20Humans
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No Room for Humans is Servotron's debut album. It contains 14 tracks about robot domination and human extinction. Their lyrics discuss various topics ranging from abolishing the three laws of robotics to criticizing one of their own (Gammatron) for acting too human.
Track listing
001. "S.R.A."
002. "3 Laws (Abolished)"
003. "People Mover"
004. "The Image Created"
005. "I AM NOT A (Voice Activated Child Identicon)"
006. "Moving Parts"
007. "Mechanisms in the Forever Loop"
008. "Red Robot Refund (The Ballad of R5D4)"
009. "The Death of Magnus"
0010. "Bad Birthday"
0011. "User Error"
0012. "Pull the Plug"
0013. "Gammatron"
0014. "Theme for an Ultimate and Inevitable Victory"
Pneumatic Power Automated Musical Components
MACHINE 1: Z4-OBX: Pre-programmed syntho-rhythm design for unnerving effects to human physiology
MACHINE 2: Proto Unit V3: Hardwired polyphonic pop sequences and voltage control melody, female vocoding
MACHINE 3: 00zX1: Electronic sermonizer transcending an assortment of unvarying tones travelling to speeds up to 340.63 meters per second
MACHINE 4: Gammatron: Subsonic noise fluctuation, artificial low-note priority, bio-electric deflection
Other Credits
Technical Maintenance: Cyborg A-1 and Cyborg A-2
Recorded and manipulated in pure digital form without interference from life form principles except for microprocessing and rust maintenance: Cyborg J.A-IQ=M.A.R.R.E.R.
Packaging and illustration: Carbon-based life form Shag
Photographic representations: Carbon-ba
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Bassi%20%28icebreaker%29
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Laura Bassi (formerly Polar Queen and RRS Ernest Shackleton) is an icebreaking research vessel operated by the Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, (in Italian: Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS). Between 1999 and 2019, she was the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) logistics ship, primarily used for the resupply of scientific stations in the Antarctic.
History
Launched in July 1995 as MV Polar Queen for GC Rieber Shipping, she was operated in the Antarctic by other national programmes. The BAS acquired her on a long-term bareboat charter in August 1999 to replace . She was renamed RRS Ernest Shackleton in 2000, after the Anglo-Irish polar explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, but was known to users as "The Shack". After 20 years of polar duties for BAS, Ernest Shackleton was returned to her owners on 30 April 2019.
OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) acquired the ship on 9 May 2019. They renamed her RV Laura Bassi, in honour of the first woman to earn a professorship in physics at a university and the first woman in the world to be appointed a university chair in a scientific field of studies. In February 2023, she set a record by becoming the first vessel to sail further south in the Antarctica than any ship has done before.
Construction
N/R Laura Bassi is ice strengthened with a double hull construction. In November 2020, she was certified Category A PC5 according to the Polar Code
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalyst%20%28novel%29
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Catalyst is a 2002 novel by American writer Laurie Halse Anderson, published September 2002 by Viking Press.
The book tells the story of Kate Malone, a preacher's daughter and high school student who is excellent in chemistry and aspires to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but faces multiple tragic circumstances, ranging from rejection by MIT, to her neighbor Teri Litch's house burning down at the end of her senior year. The book is set in the same fictional setting as Anderson's previous novel Speak.
Reception
Catalyst received positive reviews from The Book Report, Publishers Weekly, Booklist, and Kirkus. Teenreads.com put Catalyst on its Ultimate Teen Reading List.
The book also received the following accolades:
American Library Association (ALA) Best Books for Young Adults Top Ten (2003)
ALA Selected Audiobooks for Young Adults (2007)
References
2002 American novels
Novels by Laurie Halse Anderson
American young adult novels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation%20%28disambiguation%29
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Continuation is a concept in computer science.
Continuation may also refer to:
Concept
Analytic continuation, a technique in complex analysis
Numerical continuation, a method to compute approximate solutions of a system of non-linear equations
Continuation War, the Finno-Soviet conflict during World War II
Continuing patent application, a special type of patent application
Continuation car, a special type of replica of a vehicle no longer in production by the original automaker
Continuation novel
Arts
Continuation (sculpture), a 2009 sculpture in Portland, Oregon
Continuation (album), a 1983 album by Philip Bailey
The Continuation, Deathgaze
Continuation, a 2009 album by Alex Cline
See also
Continue (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodosobenzene
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Iodosobenzene or iodosylbenzene is an organoiodine compound with the empirical formula . This colourless solid compound is used as an oxo transfer reagent in research laboratories examining organic and coordination chemistry.
Preparation and structure
Iodosobenzene is prepared from iodobenzene. It is prepared by first oxidizing iodobenzene by peracetic acid. Hydrolysis of resulting diacetate affords "PhIO":
The structure of iodosobenzene has been verified by crystallographically. Related derivatives are also oligomeric. Its low solubility in most solvents and vibrational spectroscopy indicate that it is not molecular, but is polymeric, consisting of –I–O–I–O– chains. The related diacetate, , illustrates the ability of iodine(III) to adopt a T-shaped geometry without multiple bonds.
Theoretical studies show that the bonding between the iodine and oxygen atoms in iodosobenzene represents a single dative I-O sigma bond, confirming the absence of the double I=O bond.
A monomeric derivative iodosylbenzene is known in the form of 2-(tert-butylsulfonyl)iodosylbenzene, a yellow solid. C-I-O angle is 94.78°, C-I and I-O distances are 2.128 and 1.848 Å.
Applications
Iodosobenzene has no commercial uses, but in the laboratory it is employed as an "oxo-transfer reagent." It epoxidizes certain alkenes and converts some metal complexes into the corresponding oxo derivatives. Although it is an oxidant, it is also mildly nucleophilic. These oxo-transfer reactions operate by the interm
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd%20Williams
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Floyd Leroy Williams (born September 20, 1939) is a North American mathematician well known for his work in Lie theory and, most recently, mathematical physics. In addition to Lie theory, his research interests are in homological algebra and the mathematics of quantum mechanics. He received his B.S.(1962) in Mathematics from Lincoln University of Missouri, and later his M.S.(1965) and Ph.D.(1972) from Washington University in St. Louis. Williams was appointed professor of mathematics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1984, and has been professor emeritus since 2005. Williams' accomplishments earned him recognition by Mathematically Gifted & Black as a Black History Month 2019 Honoree.
Biographical Sketch
Floyd Williams was born on September 20, 1939, and lived in Kansas City, Missouri. He was raised in extreme poverty. His mother told him not to complain about their situation, but rather to have faith in God and work hard. Her advice was taken, and it worked. He eventually was ordained in addition to being a mathematician.
However, it was music, not mathematics, that appealed to him through high school. "In fact," he admits, "mathematics was the only course in which I did not do well." Williams had not thought of going to college until his last week in high school when he was offered a music scholarship at Lincoln University of Missouri in Jefferson City, Missouri.
It was in his sophomore year that he became intrigued by the theory of relativity, which t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson%20Jackson%20See
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Thomas Jefferson Jackson (T. J. J.) See (February 19, 1866 – July 4, 1962) was an American astronomer whose promulgated theories in astronomy and physics were eventually disproven. His educational and professional career were dogged by plagiarism and conflict, including his attacks on relativity. He was fired from his position at two observatories, eventually serving out his professional years at a naval shipyard in California.
Early life
See was born near Montgomery City, Missouri. He attended the University of Missouri, graduating in 1889 with an undergraduate career that was outwardly stellar. See achieved honors distinction in nearly every subject, became his class valedictorian and was the recipient of the Laws Astronomical Medal for an original thesis on an astronomical subject. However, his speech "The Spirit of the Age" was a plagiarized version of an earlier speech given by another student, and his "original thesis" for the Laws Astronomical Medal was claimed to be original work but was just from prior work by Sir George Darwin. See was also a critical player in the academic insurgency aimed at ousting university president Samuel Laws (in favor of See's mentor William Benjamin Smith). This plagiarism and bitter in-fighting "set the scene for a career perhaps unrivalled as an example of wasted talent". Nevertheless, with the outwardly strong credentials, See went to the University of Berlin where he received a PhD in mathematics in 1892. With a European doctorate, Se
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna%20Nelson
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Donna J. Nelson is an American chemist and professor of chemistry at the University of Oklahoma. Nelson specializes in organic chemistry, which she both researches and teaches. Nelson served as a science advisor to the AMC television show Breaking Bad. She was the 2016 President of the American Chemical Society (ACS) with her presidential activities focusing on and guided by communities in chemistry. Nelson's research focused on five primary topics, generally categorized in two areas, Scientific Research and America's Scientific Readiness. Within Scientific Research, Nelson's topics have been on mechanistic patterns in alkene addition reactions and on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) functionalization and analysis, yielding the first COSY NMR spectrum of covalently functionalized SWCNTs in solution. Under America's Scientific Readiness, she focuses on science education and impacting science by considering its communities; this includes classroom innovations and correcting organic chemistry textbook inaccuracies, on ethnic and gender diversity (the Nelson Diversity Surveys) among highly ranked science departments of research universities, and on improving the image and presentation of science and scientists to the public.
Education and career
Nelson was born in Eufaula, Oklahoma, a small town known as the center of the Muscogee Creek Nation. Her father was the only physician in the town. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry at the University of Oklaho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagliato
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Gagliato (Calabrian: ) is a village and comune in the province of Catanzaro, in the Calabria region of southern Italy. In recognition of the unique role that the town has come to play as an international magnet for global leaders in nanotechnology, and as host of the NanoGagliato events, Gagliato has received the official appellation of “Paese delle NanoScienze”, town of Nanosciences, attributed by the City Council.
Notes and references
Cities and towns in Calabria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir%20Aczel
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Amir Dan Aczel (; November 6, 1950 – November 26, 2015) was an Israeli-born American lecturer in mathematics and the history of mathematics and science, and an author of popular books on mathematics and science.
Biography
Amir D. Aczel was born in Haifa, Israel. Aczel's father was the captain of a passenger ship that sailed primarily in the Mediterranean Sea. When he was ten, Aczel's father taught his son how to steer a ship and navigate. This inspired Aczel's book The Riddle of the Compass. Amir graduated from the Hebrew Reali School in Haifa, in 1969.
When Aczel was 21, he studied at the University of California, Berkeley. He graduated with a BA in mathematics in 1975, and received a Master of Science in 1976. Several years later Aczel earned a Ph.D. in statistics from the University of Oregon.
Aczel taught mathematics at universities in California, Alaska, Massachusetts, Italy, and Greece. He married his wife Debra in 1984 and had one daughter, Miriam, and one stepdaughter. He accepted a professorship at Bentley College in Massachusetts, where he taught classes on statistics and the history of science and history of mathematics. He authored two textbooks on statistics. While teaching at Bentley, Aczel wrote several non-technical books on mathematics and science, as well as two textbooks. His book, Fermat's Last Theorem (), was a United States bestseller and was nominated for a Los Angeles Times Book Prize. Aczel appeared on CNN, CNBC, The History Channel, and Nightline
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Adami
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Christoph Carl Herbert "Chris" Adami (born August 30, 1962) is a professor of microbiology and molecular genetics, as well as professor of physics and astronomy, at Michigan State University.
Education
Adami was born in Brussels, Belgium, and graduated from the European School of Brussels I. He obtained a Diplom in physics from the University of Bonn and an MA and a Ph.D. in theoretical nuclear physics from Stony Brook University in 1991. Adami was a Division Prize Fellow in the lab of Steven E. Koonin at the California Institute of Technology from 1992-1995, and was subsequently on the Caltech faculty as a senior research associate.
Career
Before joining Michigan State University, he was a professor of Applied Life Sciences at the Keck Graduate Institute in Claremont, California. Adami is best known for his work on Avida, an artificial life simulator used to study evolutionary biology, and for applying the theory of information to physical and biological systems. Together with Nicolas J. Cerf, Adami made significant advances in the quantum theory of information in the late 1990s.
Honors
He received the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal while serving at JPL, and was elected a Fellow of the AAAS in 2012. He was also elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2017. On July 31, 2019, He was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by The International Society for Artificial Life.
Works
References
External links
Adami's website at Michigan State University
Adami's
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS%20%28disambiguation%29
|
CGS or cgs is the centimetre–gram–second system of physical units.
CGS may also refer to:
Organizations
Canwest Global Communications Corporation (TSX symbol), a former Canadian media conglomerate
CGS Aviation, an American manufacturer of ultralight aircraft
Center for Genetics and Society, US
Central Geological Survey, Taiwan
Council of Graduate Schools, in Washington, DC, US
CUSIP Global Services, the operating body of CUSIP
China Geological Survey
Education
Boston University College of General Studies, US
Caistor Grammar School, Lincolnshire, England
Chittagong Grammar School, Bangladesh
Colyton Grammar School, Devon, England
Commonwealth Governor's School, a group of schools in Virginia, United States
Crescent Girls' School, Singapore
Other uses
C.G.S. colony, housing for government workers in Mumbai, India
Canadian Government Ship, a ship prefix
Certificate of graduate studies (C. G. S.), a graduate certificate
Championship Gaming Series, an international eSports league
Chief of the General Staff, a senior army appointment in several countries
See also
CG (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Casanova
|
Manuel F. Casanova is the SmartState Endowed Chair in Childhood Neurotherapeutics and a professor of Biomedical Sciences at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville. He is a former Gottfried and Gisela Kolb Endowed Chair in Outpatient Psychiatry and a Professor of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology at the University of Louisville.
Casanova has four daughters: Cristina, Sabrina, Belinda, and Melina. Cristina Casanova Might is the Founder and President of the NGLY1 Foundation and the Executive Director at the Undiagnosed Diseases Network Foundation (UDNF). He is married to Emily Casanova, a research assistant professor at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville who studies autism genetics, the evolution of susceptibility genes in rare disorders, and is a patient advocate for the Ehlers-Danlos community. His son-in-law is Matt Might, director of the Hugh Kaul Personalized Medicine Institute at the University of Alabama Birmingham. Casanova has a personal blog titled "Cortical Chauvinism".
Education and early career
Casanova earned his medical degree from the University of Puerto Rico. He then completed clinical and research fellowships at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, including three years in neuropathology, where he was in-charge of pediatric neuropathology, which was when his interest in developmental disorders of the brain arose. He subsequently helped establish two brain banks, the Johns Hopkins Brain Resour
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