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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Gilbert%20Hamilton
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Joseph Gilbert Hamilton (November 11, 1907 – February 18, 1957) was an American professor of Medical Physics, Experimental Medicine, General Medicine, and Experimental Radiology as well as director (1948-1957) of the Crocker Laboratory, part of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Hamilton studied the medical effects of exposure to radioactive isotopes, which included the use of unsuspecting human subjects.
He was married to painter Leah Rinne Hamilton.
Early work
Hamilton received his B.S. in Chemistry in 1929 from the University of California. He studied medicine in Berkeley and interned at the University of California Hospital, San Francisco. He was awarded his M.D. degree in 1936. At that time the cyclotron in Berkeley was among the first to produce useful amounts of radioactive isotopes which could be used in studies of their effects on living tissue. In a series of papers published in 1937 Hamilton detailed early medical trials using radioactive sodium, followed by papers detailing the use of the radioactive isotopes of potassium, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Radioactive iodine was found to be particularly useful in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders.
Human testing
Concern was expressed over the safety of Manhattan Project laboratory personnel working with newly isolated plutonium in 1944. Hamilton led a team to conduct toxicity experiments on rats. Finding the results unsatisfactory, Hamilton participated in the decision to continue the trial
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiderivative%20%28complex%20analysis%29
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In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, the antiderivative, or primitive, of a complex-valued function g is a function whose complex derivative is g. More precisely, given an open set in the complex plane and a function the antiderivative of is a function that satisfies .
As such, this concept is the complex-variable version of the antiderivative of a real-valued function.
Uniqueness
The derivative of a constant function is the zero function. Therefore, any constant function is an antiderivative of the zero function. If is a connected set, then the constant functions are the only antiderivatives of the zero function. Otherwise, a function is an antiderivative of the zero function if and only if it is constant on each connected component of (those constants need not be equal).
This observation implies that if a function has an antiderivative, then that antiderivative is unique up to addition of a function which is constant on each connected component of .
Existence
One can characterize the existence of antiderivatives via path integrals in the complex plane, much like the case of functions of a real variable. Perhaps not surprisingly, g has an antiderivative f if and only if, for every γ path from a to b, the path integral
Equivalently,
for any closed path γ.
However, this formal similarity notwithstanding, possessing a complex-antiderivative is a much more restrictive condition than its real counterpart. While it is possible for a discontinuous real funct
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Shubnikov
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Lev Vasilyevich Shubnikov (; ) (September 29, 1901 – November 10, 1937) was a Soviet experimental physicist who worked in the Netherlands and USSR. In 1937 he was executed during the Ukrainian Physics and Technology Institute Affair on the basis of falsified charges as part of the Great Purge.
Early life
Shubnikov was born into the family of a Saint Petersburg accountant. After graduating from a gymnasium he entered Leningrad University. This was the first year of the Russian Civil War and he was the only student of that year attending the physics department. While yachting in the Gulf of Finland in 1921, he accidentally sailed from Saint Petersburg to Finland, was sent to Germany and could not return to Russia until 1922. He then continued his education in the Leningrad Polytechnical Institute, graduating in 1926. During his university training he worked with Ivan Obreimov, developing a new method for growing monocrystals of metals.
Career
In 1926, at the recommendation of Abram Ioffe, he was sent to the Leiden cryogenic laboratory of Wander Johannes de Haas in the Netherlands; he worked there until 1930. Shubnikov studied bismuth crystals with low impurity concentrations, and in cooperation with de Haas he discovered magnetoresistance oscillations at low temperatures in magnetic fields (the Shubnikov–de Haas effect). The importance of this effect for condensed state physics became completely clear only much later. Today this effect is one of the principal instruments
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn%20McGee
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Glenn E. McGee (1967- ) is the Dean of Admissions at Salem College and Professor of health sciences at Salem College. He has been noted for his work on reproductive technology and genetics and for advancing a theory of pragmatic bioethics, as well as the role of ethicists in society and in local and state settings in particular.
Life and career
McGee was raised in Waco, Texas. He earned a master's degree and Ph.D. in philosophy from Vanderbilt University and completed a post-doctoral fellowship in the Human Genome Project.
From 1995 to 2005, McGee was an assistant professor and associate director for education at the University of Pennsylvania Center for Bioethics, where he held joint appointments in philosophy, history and sociology of science, cellular and molecular engineering, and was a Fellow of the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics. In 1999, he founded and became the first editor-in-chief of The American Journal of Bioethics. In 2005, he moved to Union University in Albany, New York, as the John Balint, M.D. Professor of Medical Ethics and became director of the Alden March Bioethics Institute at Albany Medical College which had been founded in 1993 as the Center for Medical Ethics Education and Research by Balint. Three years later, after a legal case arising from the University's attempts to demote him as director and remove his endowed chair, he left the university. In 2009 he was appointed to the John B. Francis chair in bioethics at the Center for Pract
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newman%27s%20lemma
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In mathematics, in the theory of rewriting systems, Newman's lemma, also commonly called the diamond lemma, states that a terminating (or strongly normalizing) abstract rewriting system (ARS), that is, one in which there are no infinite reduction sequences, is confluent if it is locally confluent. In fact a terminating ARS is confluent precisely when it is locally confluent.
Equivalently, for every binary relation with no decreasing infinite chains and satisfying a weak version of the diamond property, there is a unique minimal element in every connected component of the relation considered as a graph.
Today, this is seen as a purely combinatorial result based on well-foundedness due to a proof of Gérard Huet in 1980. Newman's original proof was considerably more complicated.
Diamond lemma
In general, Newman's lemma can be seen as a combinatorial result about binary relations → on a set A (written backwards, so that a → b means that b is below a) with the following two properties:
→ is a well-founded relation: every non-empty subset X of A has a minimal element (an element a of X such that a → b for no b in X). Equivalently, there is no infinite chain . In the terminology of rewriting systems, → is terminating.
Every covering is bounded below. That is, if an element a in A covers elements b and c in A in the sense that and , then there is an element d in A such that and , where denotes the reflexive transitive closure of →. In the terminology of rewriting systems,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPTI%20Affair
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UPTI Affair (; ) was a criminal case against a number of scholars of the Ukrainian Physics and Technology Institute in Kharkov, Soviet Ukraine, by the GUGB during 1938, a part of the Great Purge.
As a result, the UFTI leaders, including a Soviet experimental physicist Lev Shubnikov, were arrested and executed during this crisis. In the response to the state of affairs, the Soviet physicists Moisey Korets and Lev Landau, wrote the leaflet which directly condemned Joseph Stalin and the secret police NKVD.
References
Yu.V. Pavlenko, Yu.A. Ranyuk, and Yu.A. Khramov (1998), «Delo» UFTI 1935–1938 (The UPTI ‘Affair’ 1935–1938). Kiev: Feniks.
Copy of the original text of Korets-Landau leaflet (in Russian)
External links
Documents regarding cases of Shubnikov, Rozenkevich, Gorsky and Korets (in Russian)
Political repression in the Soviet Union
Science and technology in the Soviet Union
Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology
1938 in the Soviet Union
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trio%20%26%20a%20Bed
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Trio & a Bed is an interactive drama shown on Astro Wah Lai Toi, a pay TV channel in Malaysia, where viewers can vote on character decisions and the outcome. The show focuses on the complex chemistry and relationships between the three guys and three girls.
Cast
Carmen Soo as Charmaine
Amber Chia as Isabella
Annabelle Kong as Ho Hua Meow
Daniel Tan as Heman
Danny Wan as Anerd
Jeffery Chong as Sam
Websites and news
Website for 'Trio & a Bed'
Wanita.net article on Trio & a Bed (In Chinese)
Cast members official websites
Official website for Amber Chia, star of Trio & a Bed
Official website for Daniel Tan, star of Trio & a Bed
Malaysian drama television series
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20National%20Physics%20Olympiad
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The Indian National Physics Olympiad (INPhO in short) is the second stage of the five-stage Olympiad programme for Physics in India. It ultimately leads to the selection in the International Physics Olympiad.
INPhO is conducted on the last Sunday of January, every year, by the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education. School students (usually of standards 11 and 12 albeit special cases prevail) first need to qualify the National Standard Examination in Physics (NSEP) held on the last (or second last) Sunday of November of the preceding year. Among over 40,000 students appearing for the examination at almost 1400 centres across India, around 300 to 400 students are selected for INPhO based on their scores and also based on regional quotas for the states from which they appear. Different state-wise cut-offs exist for selection to INPhO. INPhO serves as a means to select students for OCSC (Orientation Cum Selection Camp) in Physics, as well as to represent India in the Asian Physics Olympiad (APhO).
Eligibility
NSEP
The examination is intended for students in 9th,10th and primarily, the 11th and 12th standard. Students who have passed Class 12 are not eligible to enrol for NSEP. Besides, they must satisfy the age criteria for IPhO (Less than 20 years of age on June 30 of the year of the respective IPhO). At any stage if the student is found to be not eligible for the exam, he/she may be disqualified from the program. During registration, a one time fee of ₹150, or $15 for ov
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobutyryl-coenzyme%20A%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency
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Isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to process certain amino acids properly.
People with this disorder have inadequate levels of an enzyme that helps break down the amino acid valine, resulting in a buildup of valine in the urine, a symptom called valinuria.
Genetics
Defects in the ACAD8 gene cause isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. The ACAD8 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that plays an essential role in breaking down proteins from the diet. Specifically, the enzyme is responsible for processing valine, an amino acid that is part of many proteins. If a mutation in the ACAD8 gene reduces or eliminates the activity of this enzyme, the body is unable to break down valine properly. As a result, poor growth and reduced energy production may occur.
This disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and two copies of the gene – one from each parent – are needed to be born with the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder are carriers of one copy of the defective gene, but do not show signs and symptoms of the disorder.
Diagnosis
Babies with this disorder are usually healthy at birth. The signs and symptoms may not appear until later in infancy or childhood and can include poor feeding and growth (failure to thrive), a weakened and enlarged heart (dilated cardiomyopathy), seizure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Wild
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Rudolf Wild (25 February 1904 in Wiesloch, Baden – 16 September 1995 in Eppelheim) was a German entrepreneur, and the founder of WILD, a producer of natural ingredients for food products and beverages.
Biography
After studying chemistry in Heidelberg, Frankfurt and Freiburg, in 1931, Rudolf Wild founded his first company – Zick Zack Werk Rudolf Wild. He set the goal of producing basic materials for non-alcoholic drinks using only natural raw materials.
He presented the first completely natural alcohol-free drink, with no artificial flavorings, preservatives or colorings under the brand Libella at the Interbrau trade fair in 1951. Although Rudolf Wild initially received a skeptical response from customers, his philosophy eventually won recognition as a quality characteristic throughout the beverage and food industries.
Under his leadership, WILD developed into an international company. The company is now owned and operated by one of his sons, Hans-Peter Wild.
Social involvement
Rudolf Wild concentrated on the well-being of his employees while also supporting the citizens of his hometown of Eppelheim – for example, with his generous donation for the construction of a community center.
Awards
In 1979, Rudolf Wild was named the first honorary citizen of the Eppelheim district in recognition of his services to both the citizens and the district. He was also awarded the Stauffer Medal, the highest award of the state of Baden-Württemberg, in the same year.
Rudolf Wild received
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson%20Morley%20Hospital
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Atkinson Morley Hospital (AMH) was located at Copse Hill near Wimbledon, South-West London, England from 1869 until 2003. Initially a convalescent hospital, it became one of the most advanced brain surgery centres in the world, and was involved in the development of the CT scanner. Following its closure, neuroscience services were relocated to the new Atkinson Morley Wing of St George's Hospital, Tooting.
History
The hospital was opened in 1869 following a donation of £100,000 by Atkinson Morley, a wealthy hotelier and landowner, to St George's Hospital "for receiving, maintaining, and generally assisting convalescent poor patients". Morley had been a medical student at St George's Hospital circa 1800 when it was located at Hyde Park Corner. of land from the Duke of Wellington's old estate in Wimbledon was bought and a building was constructed in the Second Empire style. It opened on 14 July 1869.
The hospital remained a convalescent home until 1939. During the Second World War, when the Bolingbroke and St. George's acted as emergency hospitals for war casualties, the Neurosurgery Unit was established at the AMH by the neurosurgeon Sir Wylie McKissock. He was by far the most prolific lobotomist in the country, performing lobotomies at Atkinson Morley and across the south of England.
As the Regional Neurosciences Unit for South West London, the hospital even had its own helicopter landing facility. Next door was the Wolfson Neurorehabilitation Centre.
A form of lobotomy k
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbrand%20quotient
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In mathematics, the Herbrand quotient is a quotient of orders of cohomology groups of a cyclic group. It was invented by Jacques Herbrand. It has an important application in class field theory.
Definition
If G is a finite cyclic group acting on a G-module A, then the cohomology groups Hn(G,A) have period 2 for n≥1; in other words
Hn(G,A) = Hn+2(G,A),
an isomorphism induced by cup product with a generator of H2(G,Z). (If instead we use the Tate cohomology groups then the periodicity extends down to n=0.)
A Herbrand module is an A for which the cohomology groups are finite. In this case, the Herbrand quotient h(G,A) is defined to be the quotient
h(G,A) = |H2(G,A)|/|H1(G,A)|
of the order of the even and odd cohomology groups.
Alternative definition
The quotient may be defined for a pair of endomorphisms of an Abelian group, f and g, which satisfy the condition fg = gf = 0. Their Herbrand quotient q(f,g) is defined as
if the two indices are finite. If G is a cyclic group with generator γ acting on an Abelian group A, then we recover the previous definition by taking f = 1 - γ and g = 1 + γ + γ2 + ... .
Properties
The Herbrand quotient is multiplicative on short exact sequences. In other words, if
0 → A → B → C → 0
is exact, and any two of the quotients are defined, then so is the third and
h(G,B) = h(G,A)h(G,C)
If A is finite then h(G,A) = 1.
For A is a submodule of the G-module B of finite index, if either quotient is defined then so is the other and they are equal: m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%20operator
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In mathematics Euler operators may refer to:
Euler–Lagrange differential operators d/dx: see Lagrangian system
Cauchy–Euler operators e.g. x·d/dx
quantum white noise conservation or QWN-Euler operator
Euler operator (digital geometry), a local operation on a mesh which preserves topology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Behrmann
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Walter Emmerich Behrmann (May 22, 1882, Oldenburg – May 3, 1955, Berlin) was a German geographer. He is remembered for introducing a cylindrical map projection known as the "Behrmann projection".
Biography
From 1901 to 1905, he studied geography, mathematics and physics at the University of Göttingen, where he was a student of Hermann Wagner. Later on, he worked as an assistant to geographer Joseph Partsch at the University of Leipzig (1908/09). In 1912/13 he participated as a geographer in the Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss Expedition to New Guinea along with Richard Thurnwald.
In 1918 he was appointed director of the Landeskundliche Kommission in Romania. In 1922 he was named an associate professor of cartography at the University of Berlin, and afterwards was a professor of geography at Frankfurt University (from 1923) and at the Free University of Berlin (from 1948). In 1954 he attained "professor emeritus" status.
Selected works
Über die niederdeutschen Seebücher des fünfzehnten und sechzehnten Jahrhunderts, 1906 (doctoral thesis).
Nach Deutsch-Neuguinea, 1914.
Der Sepik (Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss) und sein Stromgebiet, 1917.
Im Stromgebiet des Sepik, eine deutsche Forschungsreise in Neuguinea, 1922.
Das westliche Kaiser-Wilhelms-Land in Neu-Guinea, 1924.
Rhein-Mainischer Atlas für Wirtschaft, Verwaltung und Unterricht, 1929 (with Otto Maull).
Aufgaben der Kolonialkartographie, 1936.
Die Entschleierung der Erde, 1948.
References
German geographers
German cartograph
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber%E2%80%93Weiss%20reaction
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The Haber–Weiss reaction generates •OH (hydroxyl radicals) from H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and superoxide (•O2−) catalyzed by iron ions. It was first proposed by Fritz Haber and his student Joseph Joshua Weiss in 1932.
This reaction has long been studied and revived in different contexts, including organic chemistry, free radicals, radiochemistry, and water radiolysis. In the 1970, with the emerging interest for the effect of free radicals onto the ageing mechanisms of living cells due to oxygen (O2), it was proposed that the Haber–Weiss reaction was a source of radicals responsible for cellular oxidative stress. However, this hypothesis was later disproved by several research works. The oxidative stress toxicity is not caused by the Haber–Weiss reaction as a whole, but by the Fenton reaction, which is one specific part of it.
The reaction is kinetically slow, but is catalyzed by dissolved iron ions. The first step of the catalytic cycle involves the reduction of the ferric (Fe3+) ion into the ferrous (Fe2+) ion:
Fe3+ + •O2− → Fe2+ + O2
The second step is the Fenton reaction:
Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + OH− + •OH
Net reaction:
•O2− + H2O2 → •OH + OH− + O2
Haber-Weiss chain reaction
The main finding of Haber and Weiss was that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is decomposed by a chain reaction.
The Haber–Weiss reaction chain proceeds by successive steps: (i) initiation, (ii) propagation and (iii) termination.
The chain is initiated by the Fenton reaction:
Fe2+ + H2O
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi%20Irmak
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Mahmut Sadi Irmak (May 15, 1904, Seydişehir – November 11, 1990, Istanbul) was a Turkish academic in physiology, politician and former Prime Minister of Turkey.
Biography
He was born in the town Seydişehir of Konya, Ottoman Empire in 1904. He became teacher for biology after finishing the college in Konya. However, he quit his job the same year and attended the Law School at Istanbul University. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk wanted to send 50 of his students abroad for a good education in 1925. A test was held for this throughout Turkey. Sadi was among those who took the exam and was chosen. When Sadi got on the train, he refused to go. Just then, a telegram arrived. Sadi read Atatürk's words: I send you as a spark, you should return as a flame. That words affected Sadi. And he decided to go again. He went to Germany on a state granted scholarship to study biology and medicine. He graduated from the University of Berlin in 1929 with a degree in medicine. After completing his study, Sadi Irmak worked as an assistant physician in hospitals in Hagen and Düsseldorf, Germany. Irmak was fascinated by the Nazis and was a prominent proponent of eugenics.
Returned to Turkey, he worked as a government physician and teacher for biology. In 1932, he became a lecturer at the School of Medicine of Istanbul University, and in 1939, he was promoted to full professor for physiology.
Political career
Sadi Irmak entered politics in 1943 as deputy of Konya. Between June 7, 1945 and August 5, 19
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Wikmanson
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Johan Wikmanson (28 December 1753 – 10 January 1800) was a Swedish organist and composer.
Biography
Wikmanson was born in Stockholm and, except for 18 months spent in Copenhagen studying mathematics and instrument making, lived his entire life in the Swedish capital. He was reputed to be a superb organist and for many years held the post of organist at the Storkyrkan, Stockholm's principal church. He was also an accomplished cellist. His teachers included Abbé Georg Joseph Vogler and Joseph Martin Kraus.
Nonetheless, like most Swedish musicians of this era, he was unable to earn his living solely as a practicing musician and was forced to find employment as a government accountant, working for the Royal Swedish National Lottery. He did, however, obtain some recognition during his lifetime. In 1788, he was made a member of the Swedish Royal Academy and later was put in charge of its music program.
As a composer, Wikmanson is remembered for his five string quartets, all published after his early death from tuberculosis in 1800. His close friend, Gustav Silverstolpe, published what he felt were the three best at his own expense, titling them Opus 1. Later, Silverstolpe gave the rights to the well-known German publisher Breitkopf and Härtel, hoping they would publish the quartets and hence give them wider circulation. However, this appears not to have happened. No new edition appeared for more than 170 years. In the 1970s the Swedish firm of Edition Reimers published all three
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical%20Institute
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The Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks conducts research into space physics and aeronomy; atmospheric sciences; snow, ice, and permafrost; seismology; volcanology; and tectonics and sedimentation. It was founded in 1946 by an act of the United States Congress.
The mission of the Geophysical Institute is to:
Understand basic geophysical processes governing the planet Earth, especially as they occur in or are relevant to Alaska;
Train graduates and undergraduates to play leading scientific roles in tomorrow's society;
Solve applied geophysical problems and develop related technologies of importance to the state and the nation;
Satisfy the intellectual and technological needs of fellow Alaskans through public service.
History
The United States Congress established the Geophysical Institute with an act approved on July 31, 1946, to study the aurora borealis, after auroral activity disrupted military communications during World War II. The funds from Congress were used to build the Geophysical Institute's main structure, which was finished in 1950. The building today is known as the Sydney Chapman Building.
The institute's first director, Stuart L. Seaton, served for nine months before resigning. While the Board of Regents looked for a new director, William S. Wilson, a professor of chemistry, was appointed to be the acting director. Wilson was able to recruit Sydney Chapman — who spent three months every year from 1951 to 1970 in Alaska.
In Januar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris%20Berman
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Morris Berman (born August 3, 1944) is an American historian and social critic. He earned a BA in mathematics at Cornell University in 1966 and a PhD in the history of science at Johns Hopkins University in 1971. Berman is an academic humanist cultural critic who specializes in Western cultural and intellectual history.
Life and work
Berman has served on the faculties of a number of universities in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. Berman emigrated from the U.S. to Mexico in 2006, where he was a visiting professor at the Tecnologico de Monterrey in Mexico City from 2008 to 2009. During this period he continued writing for various publications including Parteaguas, a quarterly magazine.
Although an academic, Berman has written several books for a general audience. They deal with the state of Western civilization and with an ethical, historically responsible, or enlightened approach to living within it. His work emphasizes the legacies of the European Enlightenment and the historical place of present-day American culture.
He wrote a trilogy on consciousness and spirituality, published between 1981 and 2000, and another trilogy on the American decline, published between 2000 and 2011. Book reviewer George Scialabba commented:
Participating consciousness
The term participating consciousness was introduced by Berman in The Re-enchantment of the World (1981) expanding on Owen Barfield's concept of "original participation," to describe an ancient mode of human thinking that does no
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asma%20al-Assad
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Asma Fawaz al-Assad (née Akhras; born 11 August 1975) is the First Lady of Syria. Born and raised in London to Syrian parents, she is married to the 19th and current President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad.
Assad graduated from King's College London in 1996 with a bachelor's degree in computer science and French literature. She had a career in investment banking and was set to begin an MBA at Harvard University when she married Bashar al-Assad in December 2000. She resigned from her job in investment banking following the couple's wedding and remained in Syria, where their three children were born. As First Lady, she played a major role in implementing governmental organisations involved with social and economic development throughout the country as part of a reform initiative which was halted due to the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War.
Along with her husband Bashar, Asma is considered to be one of the "main economic players" in Syria and controls large parts of Syrian business sectors, banking, telecommunications, real estate and maritime industries. As a result of the ongoing Syrian Civil War, a conflict which began in March 2011, Assad is subject to economic sanctions relating to high-level Syrian government officials, making it illegal in the European Union (EU) to provide her with material and financial assistance, for her to obtain certain products, and curtailing her ability to travel within the EU. In the UK, she is currently part of a preliminary inquiry within the Wa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step%20potential
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In quantum mechanics and scattering theory, the one-dimensional step potential is an idealized system used to model incident, reflected and transmitted matter waves. The problem consists of solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation for a particle with a step-like potential in one dimension. Typically, the potential is modeled as a Heaviside step function.
Calculation
Schrödinger equation and potential function
The time-independent Schrödinger equation for the wave function is
where Ĥ is the Hamiltonian, ħ is the reduced Planck constant, m is the mass, E the energy of the particle. The step potential is simply the product of V0, the height of the barrier, and the Heaviside step function:
The barrier is positioned at x = 0, though any position x0 may be chosen without changing the results, simply by shifting position of the step by −x0.
The first term in the Hamiltonian, is the kinetic energy of the particle.
Solution
The step divides space in two parts: x < 0 and x > 0. In any of these parts the potential is constant, meaning the particle is quasi-free, and the solution of the Schrödinger equation can be written as a superposition of left and right moving waves (see free particle)
where subscripts 1 and 2 denote the regions x < 0 and x > 0 respectively, the subscripts (→) and (←) on the amplitudes A and B denote the direction of the particle's velocity vector: right and left respectively.
The wave vectors in the respective regions being
both of which have
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron%20E.%20Witham
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Myron Ellis Witham (October 29, 1880 – March 7, 1973) was an American football player, coach of football and baseball, and mathematics professor. He served as the head football coach at Purdue University in 1906 and at the University of Colorado at Boulder from 1920 to 1931, compiling a career college football record of 63–31–7. He was also the head baseball coach Colorado from 1920 to 1925, tallying a mark of 29–25. Witham was born in Pigeon Cove, Massachusetts, on October 29, 1880. He attended Dartmouth College and was captain of the football team there in 1903. Witham taught mathematics at Purdue, Colorado, the University of Vermont, and Saint Michael's College. He died on March 7, 1973, in Burlington, Vermont.
Head coaching record
Football
References
1880 births
1973 deaths
Colorado Buffaloes baseball coaches
Colorado Buffaloes football coaches
Dartmouth Big Green football players
Purdue Boilermakers football coaches
All-American college football players
Purdue University faculty
University of Colorado faculty
University of Vermont faculty
People from Rockport, Massachusetts
Coaches of American football from Massachusetts
Players of American football from Essex County, Massachusetts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollor%C3%A9
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Bolloré SE () is a French conglomerate headquartered in Puteaux, on the western outskirts of Paris, France. Founded in 1822, the company has interests in Vivendi, international freight forwarding, oil storage and pipelines in France, solid state batteries, access control systems for buildings, palm oil and rubber in Asia and Africa, olive groves in the US and wine production in France.
In 2004, the group ranked amongst the top 200 European companies. The company is listed on the Euronext exchange in Paris, but the Bolloré family retains majority control of the company through a complex and indirect holding structure.
The company is led by Cyrille Bolloré, the son of Vincent Bolloré.
History
The firm was founded in 1822, in Ergué-Gabéric, near Quimper, Brittany by Nicolas Le Marié (1797-1870), as a paper manufacturer named papeteries d'Odet. Beginning in 1863, it was directed by Jean-René Bolloré (1818–1881), a nephew by marriage who had obtained a medical doctorate in 1863.
The firm remained owned by the Bolloré family. Gwenn-Aël Bolloré was vice-president of the Papeteries Bolloré from 1952 to 1974. In late 2004, the Bolloré group began taking an interest in the advertising sector, and started building a stake in Havas, becoming its single largest shareholder. In a boardroom coup, Alain de Pouzilhac was deposed as president and CEO on July 12, 2005. The Bolloré stake in Havas stood at 26%, and the group had 3 seats on the Havas board as of June 2006. Vincent Bolloré's s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Hyland
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(John) Martin Elliott Hyland is professor of mathematical logic at the University of Cambridge and a fellow of King's College, Cambridge. His interests include mathematical logic, category theory, and theoretical computer science.
Education
Hyland was educated at the University of Oxford where he was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1975 for research supervised by Robin Gandy.
Research and career
Martin Hyland is best known for his work on category theory applied to logic (proof theory, recursion theory), theoretical computer science (lambda-calculus and semantics) and higher-dimensional algebra. In particular he is known for work on the effective topos (within topos theory) and on game semantics. His former doctoral students include Eugenia Cheng and Valeria de Paiva.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
English mathematicians
Category theorists
Cambridge mathematicians
Alumni of the University of Oxford
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Raibert
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Marc Raibert (born December 22, 1949) is the Executive Director of the Boston Dynamics AI Institute, a Hyundai Motor Group organization that is focused on solving the most important problems in robotics and artificial intelligence to achieve fundamental advances in the engineering and science of robotics. Raibert was the founder, former CEO, and now Chairman of Boston Dynamics, a robotics company known for creating BigDog, Atlas, Spot, and Handle.
Before starting Boston Dynamics, Raibert was professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT and an associate professor of Computer Science and Robotics at Carnegie Mellon University. At CMU he founded the Leg Laboratory (1980), a lab that helped establish the scientific basis for highly dynamic robots. Raibert developed the first self-balancing hopping robots, a significant step forward in robotics. Raibert earned an Electrical Engineering, BSEE from Northeastern University in 1973 and a PhD from MIT in 1977. His dissertation was titled "Motor control and learning by the state space model" and was advised by Berthold Horn and Whitman Richards. Raibert was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2008 for biomechanically motivated analysis, synthesis, control, and application of multi-legged robots.
Raibert's dream is to advance bipedal and quadrupedal robotics to a supernatural state. Boston Dynamics was acquired by Google in December 2013. On the acquisition, Raibert commented that he was "exc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Kalahastheeswara%20Institute%20of%20Technology
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Sri Kalahastheeswara Institute of Technology, (SKIT), is an engineering college in Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The college is located in the holy temple town of Sri Kalahasti and was established in 1997. It is 38 km away from the pilgrim center of Tirupati (city).
The school has branches in Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Computer Science Engineering and Civil Engineering with an intake of 60 seats in each branch. The college is affiliated with Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh and is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
The Electronics engineering had no special block but it has its labs in almost all departments.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The mechanical engineering block behind the main building opened to classes in 2004. The Department of Mechanical Engineering holds laboratory facilities like Workshop/Production Engineering Lab, Solid Mechanics/Metallurgy and Materials Lab, Fluid Mechanics/Hydraulic Machinery Lab, Thermal Engineering (Automobile) Lab, Heat Transfer Lab, Metrology and Machine Tools lab, refrigeration & air conditioning lab, and mission tools lab.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
The Department of Computer Science and Engineering has been functioning since the inception of the inceptio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%20Knopoff
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Leon Knopoff (July 1, 1925 – January 20, 2011) was an American geophysicist and musicologist. He received his education at Caltech, graduating in 1949 with a PhD in physics, and came to UCLA the following year. He served on the UCLA faculty for 60 years. His research interests spanned a wide variety of fields and included the physics and statistics of earthquakes, earthquake prediction, the interior structure of the Earth, plate tectonics, pattern recognition, non-linear earthquake dynamics and several other areas of solid Earth geophysics. He also made contributions to the fields of musical perception and archaeology.
Honors and awards
Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, 1962.
Elected to the National Academy of Sciences, 1963.
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1964.
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1965.
Fellow of the Guggenheim Foundation, 1976.
Recipient of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1979.
Medal of the Seismological Society of America, 1990.
Member of the American Philosophical Society, 1992.
References
1925 births
2011 deaths
American geophysicists
American seismologists
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Foreign Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society
Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Fellows of the American Geophysical Union
Members of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributive%20category
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In mathematics, a category is distributive if it has finite products and finite coproducts and such that for every choice of objects , the canonical map
is an isomorphism, and for all objects , the canonical map is an isomorphism (where 0 denotes the initial object). Equivalently, if for every object the endofunctor defined by preserves coproducts up to isomorphisms . It follows that and aforementioned canonical maps are equal for each choice of objects.
In particular, if the functor has a right adjoint (i.e., if the category is cartesian closed), it necessarily preserves all colimits, and thus any cartesian closed category with finite coproducts (i.e., any bicartesian closed category) is distributive.
Example
The category of sets is distributive. Let , , and be sets. Then
where denotes the coproduct in Set, namely the disjoint union, and denotes a bijection. In the case where , , and are finite sets, this result reflects the distributive property: the above sets each have cardinality .
The categories Grp and Ab are not distributive, even though they have both products and coproducts.
An even simpler category that has both products and coproducts but is not distributive is the category of pointed sets.
References
Further reading
Category theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale%20analysis
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Scale analysis may refer to:
Scale analysis (mathematics)
Scale analysis (statistics)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlekamp%27s%20algorithm
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In mathematics, particularly computational algebra, Berlekamp's algorithm is a well-known method for factoring polynomials over finite fields (also known as Galois fields). The algorithm consists mainly of matrix reduction and polynomial GCD computations. It was invented by Elwyn Berlekamp in 1967. It was the dominant algorithm for solving the problem until the Cantor–Zassenhaus algorithm of 1981. It is currently implemented in many well-known computer algebra systems.
Overview
Berlekamp's algorithm takes as input a square-free polynomial (i.e. one with no repeated factors) of degree with coefficients in a finite field and gives as output a polynomial with coefficients in the same field such that divides . The algorithm may then be applied recursively to these and subsequent divisors, until we find the decomposition of into powers of irreducible polynomials (recalling that the ring of polynomials over a finite field is a unique factorization domain).
All possible factors of are contained within the factor ring
The algorithm focuses on polynomials which satisfy the congruence:
These polynomials form a subalgebra of R (which can be considered as an -dimensional vector space over ), called the Berlekamp subalgebra. The Berlekamp subalgebra is of interest because the polynomials it contains satisfy
In general, not every GCD in the above product will be a non-trivial factor of , but some are, providing the factors we seek.
Berlekamp's algorithm finds polynomi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfatase
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In biochemistry, sulfatases are a class of enzymes of the esterase class that catalyze the hydrolysis of sulfate esters into an alcohol and a bisulfate:
These may be found on a range of substrates, including steroids, carbohydrates and proteins. Sulfate esters may be formed from various alcohols and amines. In the latter case the resultant N-sulfates can also be termed sulfamates.
Sulfatases play important roles in the cycling of sulfur in the environment, in the degradation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids in the lysosome, and in remodelling sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular space. Together with sulfotransferases, sulfatases form the major catalytic machinery for the synthesis and breakage of sulfate esters.
Occurrence and importance
Sulfatases are found in lower and higher organisms. In higher organisms they are found in intracellular and extracellular spaces. Steroid sulfatase is distributed in a wide range of tissues throughout the body, enabling sulfated steroids synthesized in the adrenals and gonads to be desulfated following distribution through the circulation system. Many sulfatases are localized in the lysosome, an acidic digestive organelle found within the cell. Lysosomal sulfatases cleave a range of sulfated carbohydrates including sulfated glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids. Genetic defects in sulfatase activity can arise through mutations in individual sulfatases and result in certain lysosomal storage disorders with a spectru
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoperator
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In physics, a superoperator is a linear operator acting on a vector space of linear operators.
Sometimes the term refers more specially to a completely positive map which also preserves or does not increase the trace of its argument. This specialized meaning is used extensively in the field of quantum computing, especially quantum programming, as they characterise mappings between density matrices.
The use of the super- prefix here is in no way related to its other use in mathematical physics. That is to say superoperators have no connection to supersymmetry and superalgebra which are extensions of the usual mathematical concepts defined by extending the ring of numbers to include Grassmann numbers. Since superoperators are themselves operators the use of the super- prefix is used to distinguish them from the operators upon which they act.
Left/Right Multiplication
Defining the left and right multiplication superoperators by and respectively one can express the commutator as
Next we vectorize the matrix which is the mapping
where denotes a vector in the Fock-Liouville space.
The matrix representation of is then calculated by using the same mapping
indicating that . Similarly one can show that . These representations allows us to calculate things like eigenvalues associated to superoperators. These eigenvalues are particularly useful in the field of open quantum systems, where the real parts of the Lindblad superoperator's eigenvalues will indicate whether a q
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satan%27s%20Playground
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Satan's Playground, also known as Chemistry, is a 2006 American horror film directed and written by Dante Tomaselli. The film stars Felissa Rose, Ellen Sandweiss, and Edwin Neal.
This was Sandweiss' first film appearance since 1981's The Evil Dead, and was the first time Tomaselli did not serve as the producer of his own film.
Plot
Donna (Felissa Rose) and Frank (Salvatore Paul Piro) Bruno have decided to take a trip into the Pine Barrens with their autistic son Sean (Danny Lopes), new mother Paula (Ellen Sandweiss), and her baby Anthony (Marco Rose). When their car breaks down in the middle of the forest Frank goes off to find help and comes across the house of Mrs. Leeds (Irma St. Paule), a palm reader that lives there with her mute daughter Judy (Christie Sanford) and her son. Mrs. Leeds rushes him into the house, insisting that the Jersey Devil lives in the forest. However, despite her concern, it soon becomes apparent that her family is just as dangerous when Judy murders Frank.
One by one the people remaining in the car go out to search for their lost family members. Donna goes off in search of Frank and is assaulted and captured by the Leeds. Sean wanders off and gets lost in the woods. Paula initially tries to stay in the car and keep her baby safe, but inevitably leaves the car to investigate a police cruiser. However rather than containing help, it contains the corpse of an officer killed by the Jersey Devil. When she returns to the car she finds that Anthony has
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20von%20Zimmermann
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Robert von Zimmermann or Robert Zimmermann (November 2, 1824, Prague – September 1, 1898, Prague) was a Czech-born Austrian philosopher.
The mathematician and philosopher, Bernard Bolzano, entrusted his unfinished work, Grössenlehre ("Theory of Quantity", a philosophical foundation for mathematics), which had not been completed at the time of his death in 1848, to von Zimmermann who was 24 years old. Zimmermann had been a student of Bolzano's. Since Zimmermann's interests were more in the area of philosophy as he had been appointed to the chair of philosophy at the University of Prague in 1852, he didn't do much with Bolzano's papers. Most of the remaining manuscripts stayed in Zimmermann's possession until 1882 when he gave them to the Austrian Academy of Sciences (Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien).
Robert von Zimmermann taught at the University of Vienna from 1861. One of his doctoral students was Kazimierz Twardowski.
Literary works
Philosophische Propädeutik, 1852
Geschichte der Ästhetik als philosophische Wissenschaft, 1858
Allgemeine Ästhetik als Formwissenschaft (General Aesthetics as a Science of Form), 1865
Studien und Kritiken zur Philosophie und Ästhetik, 2 vols., 1870
Anthroposophie, 1882
References
Payzant, Geoffrey, "Eduard Hanslick and Robert Zimmermann: A Biographical Sketch", University of Toronto, 28 January 2001. (an earlier version delivered October 14, 1995 at a symposium on music and philosophy held at the University of Toron
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudess/Morgenstein%20Project
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Rudess/Morgenstein Project is an album by Jordan Rudess and Rod Morgenstein. It came about after a power outage during a Dixie Dregs concert caused all of the Dregs' instruments to fail except Jordan's, so he and Rod improvised until power was restored and the concert could continue. The chemistry between them was so strong that they decided to make their own album and subsequent tour. An Official Bootleg is also available.
The album also features an uncredited performance by Kip Winger at the end of the track Masada.
Track listing
All pieces are composed by Jordan Rudess and Rod Morgenstein.
Don't Look Down – 7:23
Sloth – 3:34
Drop the Puck – 3:50
Crossing Over – 7:35
Never Again (For Nan) – 3:46
Tailspin – 3:06
Odd Man Out – 3:43
Masada – 7:11
Cartoon Parade – 4:12
Over the Edge – 6:20
Personnel
Jordan Rudess - keyboards
Rod Morgenstein - drums
Production
Arranged & Produced By Jordan Rudess & Rod Morgenstein
Recorded & Engineered By Kip Winger
Mixed By John Guth, Kosaku Nakamura & Kip Winger
Mastered By John Guth
References
1997 albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olli%20Lounasmaa
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Olli Viktor Lounasmaa (20 August 1930 – 27 December 2002) was a Finnish academician, experimental physicist and neuroscientist. He was known for his research in low temperature physics, especially for experimental proof of the superfluidity of helium-3 and also for his work in the field of magnetoencephalography.
Life and work
Olli Viktor Lounasmaa graduated from the University of Helsinki in 1953. After a short period as senior assistant at the University of Turku, he went on to continue his studies in the Clarendon Laboratory of the University of Oxford, where he received his D.Phil. on low temperature physics in 1957. Lounasmaa worked as a visiting scientist at the Argonne National Laboratory in the United States from 1960 to 1964 before he was invited to the position of professor of engineering physics at the Helsinki University of Technology in 1964.
In 1965, Lounasmaa founded the Low Temperature Laboratory at the Helsinki University of Technology (since 2010, part of Aalto University) which he led up to his retirement in 1995. Under Lounasmaa's leadership, the laboratory produced one of the first experimental proofs for the superfluidity of helium-3. For this, Lounasmaa's team received a special mention from the Nobel Prize committee when the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff and Robert C. Richardson for their discovery of helium-3 superfluidity. His other major areas of work were superfluid He-3 in rotation, nuclear magneti
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Eagleman
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David Eagleman (born April 25, 1971) is an American neuroscientist, author, and science communicator. He teaches neuroscience at Stanford University and is CEO and co-founder of Neosensory, a company that develops devices for sensory substitution. He also directs the non-profit Center for Science and Law, which seeks to align the legal system with modern neuroscience and is Chief Science Officer and co-founder of BrainCheck, a digital cognitive health platform used in medical practices and health systems. He is known for his work on brain plasticity, time perception, synesthesia, and neurolaw.
He is a Guggenheim Fellow and a New York Times-bestselling author published in 32 languages. He is the writer and presenter of the international television series, The Brain with David Eagleman, and the host of the podcast "Inner Cosmos with David Eagleman".
Biography
Eagleman was born in New Mexico to Arthur and Cirel Egelman, a Jewish physician and biology teacher, respectively. Eagleman decided to change his name from Egelman after discovering alternative spellings in personal genealogy research. An early experience of falling from a roof raised his interest in understanding the neural basis of time perception. He attended the Albuquerque Academy for high school. As an undergraduate at Rice University, he majored in British and American literature. He spent his junior year abroad at Oxford University. He graduated from Rice in 1993. He earned his PhD in Neuroscience at Baylor Colle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash%20lag%20illusion
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The flash lag illusion or flash-lag effect is a visual illusion wherein a flash and a moving object that appear in the same location are perceived to be displaced from one another. Several explanations for this simple illusion have been explored in the neuroscience literature (for a review, see).
Motion extrapolation
The first proposed explanation for the flash-lag effect is that the visual system is predictive, accounting for neural delays by extrapolating the trajectory of a moving stimulus into the future. In other words, when light from a moving object hits the retina, a certain amount of time is required before the object is perceived. In that time, the object has moved to a new location in the world. The motion extrapolation hypothesis asserts that the visual system will take care of such delays by extrapolating the position of moving objects forward in time.
Latency difference
A second proposed explanation is that the visual system processes moving objects more quickly than flashed objects. This latency-difference hypothesis asserts that by the time the flashed object is processed, the moving object has already moved to a new position. The latency-difference proposal tacitly rests on the assumption that awareness (what the subject reports) is an on-line phenomenon, coming about as soon as a stimulus reaches its "perceptual end-point".
Motion integration and postdiction
Eagleman & Sejnowski (2000abc) proposed a third alternative: visual awareness is neither predictiv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisbenzimide
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Bisbenzimide (Hoechst 33342) is an organic compound used as a fluorescent stain for DNA in molecular biology applications. Several related chemical compounds are used for similar purposes and are collectively called Hoechst stains.
Application
Bisbenzimide tends to bind to adenine–thymine-rich regions of DNA and can decrease its density. Bisbenzimide mixed with DNA samples can then be used to separate DNA according to their AT percentage using a cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient centrifugation.
References
External links
Fluorescence Spectra: http://www.fluorophores.tugraz.at/substance/463
DNA-binding substances
Fluorescent dyes
Benzimidazoles
Piperazines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-yne
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In chemistry, the suffix -yne is used to denote the presence of a triple bond ().
The suffix follows IUPAC nomenclature, and is mainly used in organic chemistry. However, inorganic compounds featuring unsaturation in the form of triple bonds may be denoted by substitutive nomenclature with the same methods used with alkynes, i.e., the name of the corresponding saturated hydride is modified by replacing the "-ane" ending with "-yne". The suffix "-diyne" is used when there are two triple bonds, and so on. The position of unsaturation is indicated by a numerical locant immediately preceding the "-yne" suffix, or locants in the case of multiple triple bonds. Locants are chosen to be as low as possible. While generally used as a suffix, "-yne" is also used as an infix to name substituent groups that are triply bound to the parent compound.
This suffix arose as a collapsed form of the end of the word acetylene. The final "-e" disappears if it is followed by another suffix that starts with a vowel.
See also
IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
References
yne
Alkynes
English suffixes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ene
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The suffix -ene is used in organic chemistry to form names of organic compounds where the -C=C- group has been attributed the highest priority according to the rules of organic nomenclature. Sometimes a number between hyphens is inserted before it to say that the double bond is between that atom and the atom with the next number up. This suffix comes from the end of the word ethylene, which is the simplest alkene. The final "-e" disappears if it comes before by a suffix that starts with a vowel, e.g. "-enal", which is a compound that contains both a -C=C- bond and an aldehyde functional group. If the other suffix starts with a consonant or "y", the final "-e" remains, e.g. "-enediyne" (which has the "-ene" suffix and also the "-yne" suffix, for a compound with a double bond and two triple bonds.)
A Greek number prefix before the "-ene" indicates how many double bonds there are in the compound, e.g. butadiene.
The suffix "-ene" is also used in inorganic chemistry to indicate a one-atom thick two-dimensional layer of atoms, as in graphene, silicene, stanene, borophene, xenzophene, and germanene.
See also
IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
References
ene
English suffixes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almost%20%28disambiguation%29
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Almost is a term in mathematics (especially in set theory) used to mean all the elements except for finitely many.
Almost may also refer to:
Songs
"Almost" (Bowling for Soup song), 2005
"Almost", by DNCE from DNCE, 2016
"Almost" (George Morgan song), 1952
"Almost (Sweet Music)", by Hozier, 2019
"Almost", by Jewel from Freewheelin' Woman, 2022
"Almost", by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark from Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, 1980
"Almost", by Sarah Close, 2019
"Almost", by Sarah Harmer from All of Our Names, 2004
"Almost", by Soraya, a B-side of the single "Casi", 2003
"Almost", by the Staple Singers from The Staple Swingers, 1971
"Almost" (Tamia song), 2007
"Almost", by Thomas Rhett from Center Point Road, 2019
"Almost", by Tracy Chapman from Let It Rain, 2002
Other uses
The Almost, an American Christian rock band
Almost Skateboards, an American skateboard company
See also
Approximation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tether%20%28disambiguation%29
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A tether is a cord, fixture, or flexible attachment that secures something movable to something else.
Tether may also refer to:
Science and technology
Tether (cell biology), an elongated cylinder of the membrane of a cell bond to a substrate
Molecular tether
Computing
Tethering, sharing a mobile device's internet connection
Tether (cryptocurrency), a cryptocurrency
Tethered jailbreak, in iOS jailbreaking
Space
Space tether, use of tethers to propel or stabilize objects in space
Electrodynamic tether, a conductive space tether which generates current and acts against a planetary magnetic field
Momentum exchange tether, a kind of space tether
Skyhook (structure), or a tidal stabilized tether
Space elevator, a geostationary orbital tether
Songs
"Tether" (song), by Eric Prydz, 2015
"Tether", by Chvrches from The Bones of What You Believe, 2013
"Tether", by Damien Jurado from Where Shall You Take Me?, 2003
"Tether", by Dreamers of the Ghetto from Enemy/Lover, 2011
"Tether", by the Indigo Girls from All That We Let In, 2004
"Tether", by On Broken Wings from Number One Beautiful, 2001
"Tether", by Plaid from Reachy Prints, 2014
"Tether", by Sarah Harmer from All of Our Names, 2004
"Tether", by Tantric from Mercury Retrograde, 2018
Other uses
Ankle monitor or tether, used to track parolees' whereabouts and/or alcohol use
Tether (hieroglyph), an alphabetic uniliteral sign of ancient Egypt
Anthony Tether (born ca. 1941), Director of the Defense Advanced Rese
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilling
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Tilling can mean:
Tillage, an agricultural preparation of the soil.
TILLING (molecular biology)
Tilling is a fictional town in the Mapp and Lucia novels of E. F. Benson.
Tilling Green, Ledshire, is a fictional village in Patricia Wentworth's Miss Silver novel, Poison in the Pen.
The Tilling Group, once a major British bus company and later a conglomerate.
Thomas Tilling was Cockney rhyming slang for a shilling.
People with the surname Tilling
Roger Tilling, a British broadcaster
Thomas Tilling, founder of the Tilling Group
Tilling slang when someone rubs someone else behind, in a circular motion for a long period of time
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florin%20Krasniqi
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Florin Krasniqi (born June 26, 1964) is a Kosovar-Albanian-American businessman, political activist and former arms smuggler. He served as deputy of the Vetëvendosje! political movement in the Kosovan Assembly between 2010 and 2014.
Background
Krasniqi was born in Kosovo, when it was part of the former Yugoslavia. He was a mathematics high-school teacher in the town of Vranovc (Peć) when he fled to the United States, sneaking across the border from Mexico in the trunk of a white Cadillac on Christmas Eve, 1988, aged 24. He began as a roofer and later founded Triangle General Contractors, a roofing company in Brooklyn, New York. In 1998-99, he raised $30 million from the Albanian community in the United States for the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and smuggled hundreds of high-powered American sniper rifles to Kosovo for guerrillas, which were distributed by his extended family clan in the region. A cousin, Xhevdet, and a nephew, Adrian, were among the founding members of the KLA and helped smuggle weapons into the region. An engineering student in Pristina in 1996, Adrian purportedly lost faith in Kosovo's government and joined a cell of the KLA, heading up the rebels' weapons-smuggling operation. Adrian was reportedly the first guerrilla to die in a KLA uniform.
Business ventures
Krasniqi is the owner of Kosova Steel Group. He had been involved in the construction of a multimillion-dollar hydroelectric power plant, Kozhner Hydro Power Plant (Lumbardhi), of which he is still
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Bailey%20%28general%29
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Joseph Bailey (May 6, 1825March 21, 1867) was a civil engineer who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Early life
Bailey was born near the town of Pennsville in Morgan County, Ohio. He earned a civil engineering degree at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, then moved to Wisconsin and became a civil engineer and lumberman. After successfully building a log dam on the Wisconsin River for use by lumber raftsmen, he and his wife, Mary, purchased several tracts of land in Kilbourn, Wisconsin (now Wisconsin Dells). He built a home in town with acreage that stretched northward up River Road which included the site of present-day Meadowbrook Resort. Politically, he was a Democrat.
Civil War
Bailey entered the Union Army at the beginning of the war as captain of Company D of the 4th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment. He served as part of Major General Benjamin F. Butler's Army of the Gulf, which occupied New Orleans after Admiral David Farragut captured the city in April 1862. Bailey was named acting chief engineer for the city of New Orleans shortly after its occupation.
Promoted to major in May 1863, Bailey contributed to the Union Army's engineering activities in support of the Siege of Port Hudson. In August 1863, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel when the regiment was redesignated as the 4th Wisconsin Cavalry Regiment.
Red River Campaign
Bailey's engineering skills during Major General Nathaniel P. Banks' ill-fated 1864 Red River Ca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20E.%20Wallace
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William E. Wallace (1917–2004) was a preeminent physical chemist whose career coincided with the golden age of chemistry. He received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Mississippi College in 1936, and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the University of Pittsburgh in 1941. As many prominent scientists of his era, he worked on the Manhattan Project during the Second World War, but he returned to the University of Pittsburgh as a faculty member in 1945. He remained there for the rest of his career, eventually becoming the fourth chairman of the chemistry department from 1963 to 1977, and then a Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus. He formally retired from the university in 1983, but his research continued. He was associated with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, and he started a research corporation (Advanced Materials Corporation) in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh with offices on an upper floor of a building on North Bellefield Avenue, midway between the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University. He was accustomed to taking the stairs to his office, sometimes two at a time, while his younger colleagues struggled to keep up with him.
As chairman of the University of Pittsburgh Chemistry Department, he championed the construction of a new, high-rise chemistry building (Johnstone, Newcomer and Valentour, Architects) that was dedicated in November, 1974, and the move of the department from its former location in Alumni Hall. Wallace's r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fachhochschule%20Wedel%20University%20of%20Applied%20Sciences
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The Fachhochschule Wedel University of Applied Sciences gGmbH is one of the few private but non-profit universities of applied sciences in Germany. It is state-recognized and offers eleven twelve bachelor's and six eight master's degrees in the fields of computer science, technology and economics. It is located on the western outskirts of Hamburg in Schleswig-Holstein and is financed through tuition fees, a state grant and third-party funding.
The FH Wedel University of Applied Sciences is a family company and has been run by the third generation of the founder's grandson, Eike Harms, since it was founded in 1969 (as of November 2018). There are currently around 1,350 students enrolled at the university.
History
The FH Wedel University of Applied Sciences has been a family business for three generations: founded in 1969 by Helmut Harms, his son Dirk Harms took over the management of the university in 1977. In 2010, Eike Harms, the founder's grandson, became university president and is still in charge of the university today (as of November 2020).
The history of the university goes back to 1969. At that time, the Physics and Technical School (PTL) Wedel became the FH Wedel University of Applied Sciences Wedel and laid the foundation for the education of students at university level. The educational establishment was retained and still functions as a partner institution today.
The first course at the FH Wedel University of Applied Sciences was Computer Engineering, followe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null%20%28physics%29
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In physics a null is a point in a field where the field quantity is zero as the result of two or more opposing quantities completely cancelling each other. The field may be scalar, vector or tensor in nature. Common situations where nulls arise are in the polar patterns of microphones and antennae, and nulls caused by reflections of waves.
Microphones
A common polar pattern for microphones is the cardioid. This has a single direction in which the microphone does not respond to impinging sound waves. Highly directional (shotgun) microphones have more complex polar patterns. These microphones have a large, narrow lobe in the main direction of sound reception but also a smaller lobe in the opposite direction and usually also several other smaller lobes. This pattern is achieved by wave cancellation inside the body of the microphone. Between each of these lobes is a null direction where no sound at all is detected.
Antennae
A common, and basic, radio antenna is the dipole. This has a figure-of-eight polar pattern with two nulls on opposite sides. Highly directional antennae, such as the Yagi have polar patterns very similar to highly directional microphones and for similar reasons. That is, they have multiple small lobes off the main direction with nulls between them.
Standing waves
Standing waves can be caused by a wave being reflected back through the transmission medium in which it arrived. If the incident and reflected waves are transmitted without loss then
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazlollah%20Reza
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Fazlollah Reza () (January 1, 1915 – November 19, 2019) was an Iranian university professor.
Career
Reza graduated from the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Tehran in 1938, receiving a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He received a master's and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Columbia University in 1946 and Polytechnic University of New York (now New York University Tandon School of Engineering) in 1950 respectively. He was a Fellow of the IEEE and AAAS for his contribution to network and information theory. He was an honorary member of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature and wrote and spoke extensively on classical Persian poetry.
Positions
Reza served as the head of Aryamehr University of Industry (Sharif University of Technology), University of Tehran, Iran's ambassador to Canada and Iran's ambassador to UNESCO. As a professor, he taught at MIT, McGill University, Concordia University, and the University of Tehran.
Bibliography
See also
Enayatollah Reza (brother)
Esmail Merat
External links
Short biography
1915 births
2019 deaths
Iranian electrical engineers
Iranian engineers
University of Tehran alumni
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Academic staff of Sharif University of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
People from Rasht
Ambassadors of Iran to Canada
Permanent Delegates of Iran to UNESCO
People from Gilan Province
Chancellors of the Sharif University of Technology
Fellow Membe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20for%20High%20Energy%20Physics
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State Research Center – Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) is a research organisation in Protvino (near Moscow, Moscow Oblast), Russia. It was established in 1963.
The institute is known for the particle accelerator U-70 synchrotron launched in 1967 with the maximum proton energy of 70 GeV, which had the largest proton energy in the world for five years.
The first director of the institute from 1963 to 1974 was Anatoly Logunov. From 1974 to 1993, professor Lev Solovyov (Russian: Лев Дмитриевич Соловьев) served as the director of the institute. A professor, Nikolai E. Tyurin has been the director of the institute since 2003.
In 1978, a scientist of the institute, Anatoli Bugorski, was irradiated by an extreme dose of proton beam. His demise was deemed inevitable as the doctors believed he had received a dosage far in excess of what could be considered fatal. However, he survived the accident and continued to work in the institute.
See also
UNK proton accelerator, a powerful accelerator that was planned to be built at Protvino but was not built after the collapse of the Soviet Union
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, another Russian particle physics laboratory in Novosibirsk
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, another Russian particle physics laboratory in the vicinity of Moscow; located in Moscow proper
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, international particle physics laboratory in the vicinity of Moscow; located north of Moscow
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgi%20Dvali
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Georgi (Gia) Dvali (Georgian: გიორგი (გია) დვალი; born 30 May 1964) is a Georgian theoretical physicist. He is a professor of theoretical physics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, a director at the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Munich, and holds a Silver Professorship Chair at the New York University. His research interests include String theory, Extra dimensions, Quantum gravity, and the Early universe.
Dvali is considered to be one of the world's leading experts in the field of particle physics. Among his many contributions stand his pioneering works on Large extra dimensions and the DGP model of modified gravity.
Early life and education
Dvali was born on 30 May 1964 in Tbilisi, Georgia. He completed his secondary education at the 55th secondary school of Tbilisi and went on to pursue his undergraduate studies at Tbilisi State University's Faculty of Physics where he successfully defended his diploma work in 1985. From 1985 to 1992, Dvali worked at the Elephter Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, earning his Ph.D. in particle physics and cosmology in 1992. He then held postdoctoral positions at the International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy from 1992 to 1993 and at the University of Pisa from 1993 to 1995 under the guidance of Riccardo Barbieri.
Research and career
Dvali is best known for the ADD model, which he proposed together with Nima Arkani-Hamed and Savas Dimopoulos in 1998. It is a scenario inspired by string
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Hodgson%20%28chemist%29
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David Michael Hodgson is the Todd Fellow and Tutor in Chemistry at Oriel College, Oxford.
Hodgson achieved his Bachelor of Science at the University of Bath and gained his Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Southampton. His research interests are in synthesis, broadly encompassing studies directed towards the design and development of new methods, reagents and strategies for the synthesis of biologically active molecules.
Publications
'Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Unsaturated Terminal Epoxides' D. M. Hodgson, Y. K. Chung and J.-M. Paris, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 8664.
References
Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford
Alumni of the University of Bath
Alumni of the University of Southampton
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20perception
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The study of time perception or chronoception is a field within psychology, cognitive linguistics and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience, or sense, of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Though directly experiencing or understanding another person's perception of time is not possible, perception can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Some temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.
The ancient Greeks recognized the difference between chronological time (chronos) and subjective time (kairos).
Pioneering work on time perception, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer.
Theories
Time perception is typically categorized in three distinct ranges, because different ranges of duration are processed in different areas of the brain:
Sub-second timing or millisecond timing
Interval timing or seconds-to-minutes timing
Circadian timing
There are many theories and computational models for time perception mechanisms in the brain. William J. Friedman (1993) contrasted two theories of the sense of time:
The strength model of time memory. This posits a memory trace that persists over time, by which one might judge the age of a memory (and therefore how long ago the event
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate%20cohomology%20group
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In mathematics, Tate cohomology groups are a slightly modified form of the usual cohomology groups of a finite group that combine homology and cohomology groups into one sequence. They were introduced by , and are used in class field theory.
Definition
If G is a finite group and A a G-module, then there is a natural map N from to
taking a representative a to (the sum over all G-conjugates of a). The Tate cohomology groups are defined by
for ,
quotient of by norms of elements of A,
quotient of norm 0 elements of A by principal elements of A,
for .
Properties
If
is a short exact sequence of G-modules, then we get the usual long exact sequence of Tate cohomology groups:
If A is an induced G module then all Tate cohomology groups of A vanish.
The zeroth Tate cohomology group of A is
(Fixed points of G on A)/(Obvious fixed points of G acting on A)
where by the "obvious" fixed point we mean those of the form . In other words, the zeroth cohomology group in some sense describes the non-obvious fixed points of G acting on A.
The Tate cohomology groups are characterized by the three properties above.
Tate's theorem
Tate's theorem gives conditions for multiplication by a cohomology class to be an isomorphism between cohomology groups. There are several slightly different versions of it; a version that is particularly convenient for class field theory is as follows:
Suppose that A is a module over a finite group G and a is an element of , such that for every sub
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20Sridhar
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H. Sridhar (Sridhar Hariharan/H.Padmanabh) was an Indian sound engineer known for his work with the Indian musician A. R. Rahman.
Sridhar was the Chief Audio Engineer at Media Artists Chennai. A mathematics graduate, with keen interest in electronics and formal music training, he started a professional sound engineering career in 1988. He had engineered over 200 films and worked closely with directors like Mani Ratnam, K Balachandar, Bharathiraaja, Shankar, Kamal Hassan, P C Sreeram, Priyadarsan, Sibi Malayil and Ramgopal Varma.
Among Sridhar's many professional credits was that he engineered all songs and background scores for the renowned music director A. R. Rahman. Some ground-breaking films to his credit are Roja, Gentleman, Kadhalan, Thiruda Thiruda, Bombay, Duet, Mahanadi, Rangeela, Kuruthippunnal, Muthu, Indian, Minsaara Kanavu and Iruvar. He also engineered the background music score and songs for the national award-winning film Kalapani for music director Ilaiyaraaja and Minasaara Kanavu for music director A. R. Rahman.
Having pioneered the use of Digital Sound for Indian films in the DTS format, Sridhar successfully completed six-track surround sound mixing for more than 200 films including Karuppu Roja, Siraichaalai, Indian, Bharatheeyudu, Hindustani, Paeyi, Iruvar, Minsaara Kanavu, Sapnay, Ziddi, Judwaa, My Dear Kuttichathan 3D, V I P, Aflatoon, Devathai, Chhota Chetan, Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya, Satya, Jeans, Dil Se.., Kadhalar Dinam, Padayappa, Mudhalvan, Pukaa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%20Eastaway
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Rob Eastaway is an English author. He is active in the popularisation of mathematics and was awarded the Zeeman medal in 2017 for excellence in the promotion of maths. He is best known for his books, including the bestselling Why Do Buses Come in Threes? and Maths for Mums and Dads. His first book was What is a Googly?, an explanation of cricket for Americans and other newcomers to the game.
Eastaway is a keen cricketer and was one of the originators of the International Rankings of Cricketers. He is also a puzzle setter and adviser for New Scientist magazine and he has appeared frequently on BBC Radio 4 and 5 Live.
He is the director of Maths Inspiration, a national programme of maths lectures for teenagers which involves some of the UK’s leading maths speakers. He was president of the UK Mathematical Association for 2007/2008. He is a former pupil of The King's School, Chester, and has a degree in engineering and management science from the University of Cambridge.
Books
1992: What is a Googly?
1995: The Guinness Book of Mindbenders, co-author David Wells
1998: Why do Buses Come in Threes?, co-author Jeremy Wyndham, foreword by Tim Rice
1999: The Memory Kit
2002: How Long is a Piece of String?, co-author Jeremy Wyndham
2004: How to Remember
2005: How to Take a Penalty, co-author John Haigh
2007: How to Remember (Almost) Everything Ever
2007: Out of the Box
2008: How Many Socks Make a Pair?
2009: Improve Your Memory Today, with Dr Hilary Jones
2010: Maths fo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastaway
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Eastaway is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Bob Eastaway (born 1943), Australian rules footballer
Rob Eastaway (active from 1992), English author who is active in the popularisation of mathematics
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Mestel
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Andrew Jonathan Mestel (born 13 March 1957 in Cambridge, England) is British mathematician and chess player. He holds the position of Professor of Applied Mathematics at Imperial College London. He worked on magnetohydrodynamics and biological fluid dynamics. He obtained his PhD with the thesis "Magnetic Levitation of Liquid Metals" at University of Cambridge.
A distinguished chess player, he was the first person to be awarded chess Grandmaster titles by FIDE in both over-the-board play and problem solving. He has also represented England at contract bridge.
He announced his arrival on the international chess scene by winning the World Cadet Championship in 1974 at Pont-Sainte-Maxence. In the same year he nearly won the British Chess Championship, figuring in a seven-way play-off at Clacton, but failing to clinch the title at the last hurdle. Playing in Tjentiste in 1975, he took the bronze medal at the World Junior Championship, finishing behind Valery Chekhov and Larry Christiansen. There followed a string of British Championship successes, where he took the title in 1976, 1983 and 1988. His victory at Portsmouth in 1976 was remarkable for a start of nine consecutive wins, a record for the competition.
Along the way, Mestel was awarded the Grandmaster (GM) title in 1982 and became a Chess Solving Grandmaster and the World Chess Solving Champion in 1997. With fellow GM John Nunn, he is a medal-winning member of the British Chess Solving Team.
Between 1976 and 1988 he was
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation
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Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substances through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. In food production, it may more broadly refer to any process in which the activity of microorganisms brings about a desirable change to a foodstuff or beverage. The science of fermentation is known as zymology.
In microorganisms, fermentation is the primary means of producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the degradation of organic nutrients anaerobically.
Humans have used fermentation to produce foodstuffs and beverages since the Neolithic age. For example, fermentation is used for preservation in a process that produces lactic acid found in such sour foods as pickled cucumbers, kombucha, kimchi, and yogurt, as well as for producing alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer. Fermentation also occurs within the gastrointestinal tracts of all animals, including humans.
Industrial fermentation is a broader term used for the process of applying microbes for the large-scale production of chemicals, biofuels, enzymes, proteins and pharmaceuticals.
Definitions and etymology
Below are some definitions of fermentation ranging from informal, general usages to more scientific definitions.
Preservation methods for food via microorganisms (general use).
Any large-scale microbial process occurring with or without air (common definition used in industry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental%20equation
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In applied mathematics, a transcendental equation is an equation over the real (or complex) numbers that is not algebraic, that is, if at least one of its sides describes a transcendental function.
Examples include:
A transcendental equation need not be an equation between elementary functions, although most published examples are.
In some cases, a transcendental equation can be solved by transforming it into an equivalent algebraic equation.
Some such transformations are sketched below; computer algebra systems may provide more elaborated transformations.
In general, however, only approximate solutions can be found.
Transformation into an algebraic equation
Ad hoc methods exist for some classes of transcendental equations in one variable to transform them into algebraic equations which then might be solved.
Exponential equations
If the unknown, say x, occurs only in exponents:
applying the natural logarithm to both sides may yield an algebraic equation, e.g.
transforms to , which simplifies to , which has the solutions
This will not work if addition occurs "at the base line", as in
if all "base constants" can be written as integer or rational powers of some number q, then substituting y=qx may succeed, e.g.
transforms, using y=2x, to which has the solutions , hence is the only real solution.
This will not work if squares or higher power of x occurs in an exponent, or if the "base constants" do not "share" a common q.
sometimes, substituting y=xex may obtai
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20engineering
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Biological engineering or
bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products. Biological engineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics, biocatalysts, biomechanics, bioinformatics, separation and purification processes, bioreactor design, surface science, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and polymer science. It is used in the design of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, biocompatible materials, renewable energy, ecological engineering, agricultural engineering, process engineering and catalysis, and other areas that improve the living standards of societies.
Examples of bioengineering research include bacteria engineered to produce chemicals, new medical imaging technology, portable and rapid disease diagnostic devices, prosthetics, biopharmaceuticals, and tissue-engineered organs. Bioengineering overlaps substantially with biotechnology and the biomedical sciences in a way analogous to how various other forms of engineering and technology relate to various other sciences (such as aerospace engineering and other space technology to kinetics and astrophysics).
In general, biological engineers attempt to either mimic biological systems to create products, or to modify and control biological systems. Working with doctors, clinicians, and researchers, bioengineers use traditional engineering princi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonyl%20halide
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In inorganic chemistry, sulfonyl halide groups occur when a sulfonyl () functional group is singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula , where X is a halogen. The stability of sulfonyl halides decreases in the order fluorides > chlorides > bromides > iodides, all four types being well known. The sulfonyl chlorides and fluorides are of dominant importance in this series.
Structure
Sulfonyl halides have tetrahedral sulfur centres attached to two oxygen atoms, an organic radical, and a halide. In a representative example, methanesulfonyl chloride, the S=O, S−C, and S−Cl bond distances are respectively 142.4, 176.3, and 204.6 pm.
Sulfonyl chlorides
Sulfonic acid chlorides, or sulfonyl chlorides, are a sulfonyl halide with the general formula .
Production
Arylsulfonyl chlorides are made industrially in a two-step, one-pot reaction from an arene (in this case, benzene) and chlorosulfuric acid:
C6H6 + HOSO2Cl -> C6H5SO3H + HCl
C6H5SO3H + HOSO2Cl -> C6H5SO2Cl + H2SO4
The intermediate benzenesulfonic acid can be chlorinated with thionyl chloride as well. Benzenesulfonyl chloride, the most important sulfonyl halide, can also be produced by treating sodium benzenesulfonate with phosphorus pentachlorides.
Benzenediazonium chloride reacts with sulfur dioxide and hydrochloric acid to give the sulfonyl chloride:
[C6H5N2]Cl + SO2 -> C6H5SO2Cl + N2
For alkylsulfonyl chlorides, one synthetic procedure is the Reed reaction:
RH + SO2 + Cl2 -> RSO2Cl + HCl
Reactions
S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diiron%20nonacarbonyl
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Diiron nonacarbonyl is an organometallic compound with the formula Fe2(CO)9. This metal carbonyl is an important reagent in organometallic chemistry and of occasional use in organic synthesis. It is a more reactive source of Fe(0) than Fe(CO)5. This micaceous orange solid is virtually insoluble in all common solvents.
Synthesis and structure
Following the original method, photolysis of an acetic acid solution of Fe(CO)5 produces Fe2(CO)9 in good yield:
2 Fe(CO)5 → Fe2(CO)9 + CO
Fe2(CO)9 consists of a pair of Fe(CO)3 centers linked by three bridging CO ligands. Although older textbooks show an Fe-Fe bond consistent with the 18 electron rule (8 valence electrons from Fe, two each from the terminal carbonyls, one each from the bridging carbonyls and one from the other Fe atom in the metal-metal bond), theoretical analyses have consistently indicated the absence of a direct Fe-Fe bond: this latter model proposes an Fe-C-Fe three-center-two-electron "banana bond" for one of the bridging carbonyls. The minor isomer has been crystallized together with C60. The iron atoms are equivalent and octahedral molecular geometry. Elucidation of the structure of Fe2(CO)9 proved to be challenging because its low solubility inhibits growth of crystals. The Mößbauer spectrum reveals one quadrupole doublet, consistent with the D3h-symmetric structure.
Reactions
Fe2(CO)9 is a precursor to compounds of the type Fe(CO)4L and Fe(CO)3(diene). Such syntheses are typically conducted in THF solu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Altman
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Joseph Altman (1925 – 2016) was an American biologist who worked in the field of neurobiology.
First years
Born in Hungary to a Jewish family, he survived The Holocaust and migrated with his family via Germany and Australia to the United States. In these places, he sought employment as a librarian and used the opportunity to inform himself reading books about psychology, human behavior, psychoanalysis, and human brain structure. In New York, where he married his first wife Elizabeth Altman, he became a graduate student in psychology in the laboratory of Hans-Lukas Teuber, earning a PhD.,in 1959 from New York University. That degree launched his scientific career, first as a postdoctoral fellow at Columbia University, next at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and finally at Purdue University. During his career, he collaborated closely with his second wife, Shirley A. Bayer. From the early 1960s to 2016, he published many articles in peer-reviewed journals, books, monographs, and online free books that emphasized developmental processes in brain anatomy and function.
Discovery of adult neurogenesis
Joseph Altman discovered adult neurogenesis, the creation of new neurons in the adult brain, in the 1960s. His research showed neuronal migration, i.e. the origin of the neocortical neurons from a zone of dividing cells lining the ventricles of the fetal brain and migration from the ventricular zone to the outside cortex along special guides known as the radial glia. Mo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicobalt%20octacarbonyl
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Dicobalt octacarbonyl is an organocobalt compound with composition . This metal carbonyl is used as a reagent and catalyst in organometallic chemistry and organic synthesis, and is central to much known organocobalt chemistry. It is the parent member of a family of hydroformylation catalysts. Each molecule consists of two cobalt atoms bound to eight carbon monoxide ligands, although multiple structural isomers are known. Some of the carbonyl ligands are labile.
Synthesis, structure, properties
Dicobalt octacarbonyl an orange-colored, pyrophoric solid. It is synthesised by the high pressure carbonylation of cobalt(II) salts:
The preparation is often carried out in the presence of cyanide, converting the cobalt(II) salt into a pentacyanocobaltate(II) complex that reacts with carbon monoxide to yield . Acidification produces cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride, , which degrades near room temperature to dicobalt octacarbonyl and hydrogen. It can also be prepared by heating cobalt metal to above 250 °C in a stream of carbon monoxide gas at about 200 to 300 atm:
It exist as a mixture of rapidly interconverting isomers. In solution, there are two isomers known that rapidly interconvert:
The major isomer (on the left in the above equilibrium process) contains two bridging carbonyl ligands linking the cobalt centres and six terminal carbonyl ligands, three on each metal. It can be summarised by the formula and has C2v symmetry. This structure resembles diiron nonacarbonyl () but with on
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6te%20Turesson
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Göte Wilhelm Turesson (6 April 1892 – 30 December 1970) was a Swedish evolutionary botanist who made significant contributions to ecological genetics, and coined the terms ecotype and agamospecies. He conducted extensive work to demonstrate that there is a genetic basis to the differentiation of plant populations. This work stood in sharp contrast to most researchers at the time, who believed that the differentiation of plant populations was due to phenotypic plasticity. Further, Turesson came to the conclusion that differentiation of plant populations was largely driven by natural selection. His work on locally adapted plant populations led him to coin the term "ecotype" in 1922.
Life
Turesson was born in Malmö to schoolmaster Jöns Turesson and wife Sofie née Nilsson. He completed his initial science studies in the United States at the University of Washington, obtaining his B.S. in 1914 and M.S. in 1915. He returned to Sweden, receiving his PhD from Lund University in 1923. He was a lecturer at Lund until 1927, eventually taking a position as professor of systematic botany and genetics at the Agricultural College at Ultuna outside Uppsala (since 1977 the main campus of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), where he remained from 1935 to 1958.
Awards
Honorary member of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 1934, Lund Botanical Society 1953, Genetics Society of Japan 1958 and the Mendelian Society in Lund 1960. Corresponding member of the Societas zoologica-bota
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20A.%20Levin
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Simon Asher Levin (born April 22, 1941) is an American ecologist and the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the director of the Center for BioComplexity at Princeton University. He specializes in using mathematical modeling and empirical studies in the understanding of macroscopic patterns of ecosystems and biological diversities.
Education
Levin received his B.A. from Johns Hopkins University. He went on to receive his Ph.D. from University of Maryland in mathematics, which is part of the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences.
Career
At Cornell University 1965–1992, he was chair of the Section of Ecology and Systematics, and then director of the Ecosystems Research Center, the Center for Environmental Research and the Program on Theoretical and Computational Biology, as well as Charles A. Alexander Professor of Biological Sciences (1985–1992).
In 1992, Professor Levin published his highly cited paper, titled "The Problem of Pattern and Scale in Ecology".
Since 1992, he has been at Princeton University, where he is currently the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and director of the Center for BioComplexity. He retains an adjunct professorship at Cornell, where he still has many valued colleagues, and is a distinguished visiting professor at Arizona State University.
His research interests are in understanding how macr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-Syndicate%20%28album%29
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Wu-Tang Records Presents... Myalansky & Joe Mafia in Wu-Syndicate is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Wu-Syndicate. It was released on April 20, 1999 through Wu-Tang Records with distribution via Priority Records. Production was handled by DJ Devastator, Smokin' Joe, Mathematics and Dred, with RZA serving as executive producer. It features guest appearances from fellow Wu-Tang affiliates 12 O'Clock, KGB and Trigga. The album debuted at number 61 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart.
NME praised the song "Where Was Heaven" and considered Joe Mafia's rhymes to be "fluent" and "dizzying". AllMusic's Keith Farley commented on the album's production and considered it "far from the worst Wu-Tang cash in".
Track listing
Track listing information is taken from the official liner notes and AllMusic. No individual song writing credits are given.
Personnel
Joseph K. Outlaw a.k.a. Joe Mafia – rap vocals (tracks: 1-7, 9-15, 17-18)
Timothy Eugene Turner a.k.a. Myalansky – rap vocals (tracks: 1-4, 6-16, 18)
Corey Hart a.k.a. Napoleon – rap vocals (tracks: 1, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 18)
Odion Turner a.k.a. 12 O'Clock – rap vocals (tracks: 3, 10)
Thomas Cassidy a.k.a. Trigga – rap vocals (track 17)
Klik Ga Bow – rap vocals (track 17)
David "DJ Devastator" Walker – producer (tracks: 1, 3-8, 10, 11, 14, 15)
Ronald Maurice Bean – producer (tracks: 2, 13)
E the Dred – producer (tracks: 9, 12)
Smokin' Joe – producer (tracks: 16-18)
Robert Fitzgerald Diggs – executive producer
Nolan 'D
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20D.%20Keck
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David Daniels Keck (October 24, 1903 – March 10, 1995) was an American botanist who was notable for his work on angiosperm taxonomy and genetics.
Keck was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He completed undergraduate studies at Pomona College in 1925 and was awarded a Ph.D. in botany from the University of California in 1930.
From 1925 to 1950 he was based at the Carnegie Institute of Washington, at Stanford University, where he worked on plant species concepts with Jens Clausen and William Hiesey. In 1949, the three of them were co-recipients of the Mary Soper Pope Memorial Award in botany.
In 1950 he was appointed head curator of the New York Botanical Garden and remained there until 1958.
In 1959, he co-published A California Flora with Philip A. Munz.
He was Program Director for Systematic Biology at the National Science Foundation until 1970, after which he moved to New Zealand. He returned to the United States in 1978 and lived in Medford, Oregon.
References
David D. Keck records, New York Botanical Garden
American botanical writers
American taxonomists
1903 births
1995 deaths
Botanists active in California
Stanford University staff
New York Botanical Garden
Pomona College alumni
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American botanists
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
People from Omaha, Nebraska
People from Medford, Oregon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Silverman
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Tom Silverman is an American entertainment executive. He is most notable for founding the pioneering hip-hop and electro-funk music label, Tommy Boy Records, now known as Tommy Boy Entertainment.
Early life and education
Silverman grew up in White Plains, New York, and earned a bachelor's degree in environmental science from Colby College in 1976. He also attended graduate school at Western Michigan University, where he majored in environmental geology.
Career
Tom Silverman co-founded the Dance Music Report magazine in 1978, which ran until 1992. He then most notably launched the Tommy Boy Records label in 1981 as its founder and CEO. Many hip-hop artists have accused Silverman and the Tommy Boy label of exploitative business practices and "unfair and unbalanced terms", such as Maseo of De La Soul, GZA of the Wu-Tang clan (on the track "Labels" ), and the Gravediggaz (a supergroup made up of former Tommy Boy artists ).
Silverman later became a senior vice president at the Warner Music Group from 1986 to 2001, after Warner acquired a 50% stake in Tommy Boy in 1985, although Tommy Boy continued to maintain independent distribution for most releases domestically and all releases internationally during that time. Then as part of his split negotiations from the Warner Music Group in 2001, Silverman co-founded Tommy Boy Films with Kung Faux creator Mic Neumann, which was then merged with Tommy Boy Records in 2002 to create Tommy Boy Entertainment, a newly branded multimedia comp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Lano
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Kevin C. Lano (born 1963) is a British computer scientist.
Life and work
Kevin Lano studied at the University of Reading, attaining a first class degree in Mathematics and Computer Science, and the University of Bristol where he completed his doctorate. He was an originator of formal object-oriented techniques (Z++), and developed a combination of UML and formal methods in a number of papers and books. He was one of the founders of the Precise UML group, who influenced the definition of UML 2.0.
Lano published the book Advanced Systems Design with Java, UML and MDA (Butterworth-Heinemann, ) in 2005. He is also the editor of UML 2 Semantics and Applications, published by Wiley in October 2009, among a number of computer science books.
Lano was formerly a Research Officer at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (now the Oxford University Department of Computer Science). He is a reader at the Department of Informatics at King's College London.
In 2008, Lano and his co-authors Andy Evans, Robert France, and Bernard Rumpe, were awarded the Ten Year Most Influential Paper Award at the MODELS 2008 Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems for the 1998 paper "The UML as a Formal Modeling Notation".
Selected publications
Books
Reverse Engineering and Software Maintenance (McGraw-Hill, 1993)
Object-oriented Specification Case Studies (Prentice Hall, 1993)
Formal Object-oriented Development (Springer, 1995)
The B Language and Method: A Guide to Practic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Claerbout
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Jon F. Claerbout (born February 14, 1938) is an American geophysicist and seismologist. He is the Cecil Green Professor Emeritus of Geophysics at Stanford University. Since the later half of the 20th century, he has been a leading researcher and pioneered the use of computers in processing and filtering seismic exploration data, eventually developing the field of time series analysis and seismic interferometry, modelling the propagation of seismic waves.
Career
Claerbout obtained a BS in physics in 1960, a MS in geophysics in 1963 and a PhD in geophysics in 1967, all from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His BS thesis was titled A rubidium vapor magnetometer. He worked with Stephen M. Simpson Jr. for his MS thesis, titled Digital filters and applications to seismic detection and discrimination. The publication of this work made many geophysicists, including those in the oil and gas industry, well aware of Claerbout's potential. However, Claerbout found the sparse availability and low quality of earthquake seismic data frustrating and decided to study atmospheric gravity waves during his PhD. His advisor was Theodore R. Madden and the title of his thesis was Electromagnetic Effects of Atmospheric Gravity Waves.
Claerbout is the founder of the Stanford Exploration Project (SEP), the first geophysical research consortium funded by the oil and gas industry. Claerbout has been a doctoral advisor to many of influential geophysicists who joined SEP such as Oz Yilmaz and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Sermonti
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Giuseppe Sermonti (October 4, 1925 – December 16, 2018) was an Italian professor of genetics. Sermonti is well known for his criticism of natural selection as the deciding factor of human biology.
Biography
Early life and career
Born in Rome, graduated in agriculture and genetics, he entered the Superior Institute of Health in 1950, founding a department of Microbiological Genetics. He became professor of genetics at the University of Camerino, then at the University of Palermo in 1965, and finally moved to the University of Perugia in 1970, where he was emeritus professor and managed the Genetics Institute of the University from 1974. From 1970–1971 he presided over the Associazione Genetica Italiana. web|url=http://www.ksde.org/outcomes/sceptcvsermonti.pdf#search='Giuseppe%20Sermonti'|title=Request Rejected}}</ref>
He was the discoverer of the genetic parasexual recombination in antibiotic-producing Penicillium and Streptomyces species. He was vice-president of the XIV International Congress of Genetics held in Moscow and he was appointed as president of the International Committee of the Working Group on Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms. In 1994 Sermonti attended an AIDS denial conference in Bologna where he spoke on the damages of campaigning against AIDS rather than HIV.
Publishing
In 1971 Sermonti published Il Crepuscolo dello Scientismo (in English The Twilight of Scientism), a post-modernist critique of science. In 1980 Sermonti published a book Dopo Darwi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Clary
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Sir David Charles Clary, FRS (born 14 January 1953) is a British theoretical chemist. He was president of Magdalen College, Oxford, from 2005 to 2020. He was the first chief scientific adviser to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 2009 to 2013. He is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford.
Education
He was born in Halesworth, Suffolk, and attended Colchester Royal Grammar School from 1964 to 1971. He has a BSc (1974) from the University of Sussex and a PhD (1977) and ScD (1997) from the University of Cambridge, where he was at Corpus Christi College. He undertook post-doctoral research at IBM in San Jose, California, and at the University of Manchester.
Appointments
In 1980, he was appointed lecturer at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST). In 1983, he was appointed lecturer and then reader in theoretical chemistry at the University of Cambridge, where he was fellow and senior tutor of Magdalene College. In 1996, he was made director of the Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and professor at University College London. In 2002, he moved to the University of Oxford, where he was head of the Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences and professorial fellow of St John's College. He was elected President of Magdalen College, Oxford in 2005.
He was editor of Chemical Physics Letters from 2000-2020 and was a reviewing editor of Science from 2003-16. He has held numerous visiting fellowships and given s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completely%20positive%20map
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In mathematics a positive map is a map between C*-algebras that sends positive elements to positive elements. A completely positive map is one which satisfies a stronger, more robust condition.
Definition
Let and be C*-algebras. A linear map is called positive map if maps positive elements to positive elements: .
Any linear map induces another map
in a natural way. If is identified with the C*-algebra of -matrices with entries in , then acts as
is called k-positive if is a positive map and completely positive if is k-positive for all k.
Properties
Positive maps are monotone, i.e. for all self-adjoint elements .
Since for all self-adjoint elements , every positive map is automatically continuous with respect to the C*-norms and its operator norm equals . A similar statement with approximate units holds for non-unital algebras.
The set of positive functionals is the dual cone of the cone of positive elements of .
Examples
Every *-homomorphism is completely positive.
For every linear operator between Hilbert spaces, the map is completely positive. Stinespring's theorem says that all completely positive maps are compositions of *-homomorphisms and these special maps.
Every positive functional (in particular every state) is automatically completely positive.
Given the algebras and of complex-valued continuous functions on compact Hausdorff spaces , every positive map is completely positive.
The transposition of matrices is a standard exampl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Soret
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Frédéric Soret (12 May 1795 in Saint Petersburg – 18 December 1865 at Plainpalais in Geneva) was a Swiss private scholar in physics and Oriental numismatics.
Biography
The Soret family originates from Geneva. Frédéric Soret was born in Saint Petersburg, where his father served as artist at the imperial court. In his youth the family returned to Geneva. There he studied physics. Between 1822 and 1836 Frédéric Soret served as princely tutor in the Grand Dukedome of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. He took care for the education of the later Grand Duke Carl Alexander, a son of the Maria Pavlovna and heir apparent. During his time in Weimar, he was a close acquaintance to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Soret translated several of Goethe's books about natural sciences into French.
After Soret's return to Geneva in 1836, he turned his attention to Islamic numismatics. The initial interest might have aroused by a coin hoard of the 9th century containing North-African dirhams of the caliphate. This hoard was found near the close by town of Steckborn in the Thurgau.
He built up the greatest private collection of Oriental coins of his time, comprising about 5,000 coins. He became one of the most prolific and outstanding private scholars of Islamic numismatics. Due to his old ties to Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach he became a close friend to Johann Gustav Stickel, another founding father of Islamic numismatics. After the death of F. Soret 1865 Johann Gustav Stickel arranged the acquisition of the famo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia%20%28car%29
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Sofia was the name of two versions of two-passenger vehicles manufactured in Bulgaria in the 1980s and 1990s, from designer Velizar Andreev.
History
Velizar Andreev attended MEI (Institute for Machinery and Electrical Engineering) in Sofia, graduating in 1962 with an engineering degree in design of vehicles (automobiles, tractors and lift cars). During his studies, he built a fully functioning prototype automobile with modern lines (which has not survived); his graduate project was a mockup of a passenger car. When the graduate project was demonstrated to the grading committee, its non-conservative styling did not sit well, and they gave only a passable grade to the avant-garde design with hidden headlamps.
In 1979 Andreev established the Sofia Club, which served as a meeting ground where ideas regarding the design and manufacture of a Bulgarian-made sports car could be freely discussed. About the same time, Andreev collaborated with several auto mechanics students and engineers to build his first prototype sports car. The finished prototype was displayed to the public in October 1981 at the Plovdiv Fair. The attractive prototype was made of fiberglass and was entirely designed by Andreev, both mechanically and visually. The engine and some mechanical components were borrowed from the VAZ 2101 "Zhiguli", but as a whole, the prototype was similar to the future Sofia production car. The major differences between the prototype and the production car were the prototype's sho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles%20B.%20Wachendorf
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Miles Benton "Ben" Wachendorf (born 1952 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a retired Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
Education and Family
Wachendorf graduated with distinction from U.S. Naval Academy in 1974 with majors in mathematics and Soviet Area Studies-Russian. He later went on to study international relations in the German language as an Olmsted Scholar at the University of Zurich, received a master of science in engineering degree from the Catholic University, attended the Senior Officials in National Security program at Harvard University, and graduated from the senior officer course at the Naval War College.
Naval career
He has served afloat on both nuclear powered attack and strategic missile submarines of the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets including command of the submarine . He also commanded Submarine Development Squadron Five in San Diego, California.
Wachendorf's shore assignments included deputy assistant for Chief of Naval Operation/Vice Chief of Naval Operations decision coordination, branch head for anti-submarine warfare, chief of the Joint Staff's nuclear/counter-proliferation division.
He has also served as executive assistant to the Joint Staff director of strategic plans and policy (J-5), and director of the OPNAV Strategy and Policy Division (N51) and U.S. defense attaché to Russia. Promoted to two stars, while serving in Russia, Wachendorf's final assignment on active duty was as Chief of Staff, Joint Forces Command, 2006–2008, when he was responsibl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yum-Tong%20Siu
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Yum-Tong Siu (; born May 6, 1943, in Guangzhou, China) is the William Elwood Byerly Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University.
Siu is a prominent figure in the study of functions of several complex variables. His research interests involve the intersection of complex variables, differential geometry, and algebraic geometry. He has resolved various conjectures by applying estimates of the complex Neumann problem and the theory of multiplier ideal sheaves to algebraic geometry.
Education and career
Siu obtained his B.A. in mathematics from the University of Hong Kong in 1963, his M.A. from the University of Minnesota, and his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1966. Siu completed his doctoral dissertation, titled "Coherent Noether-Lasker decomposition of subsheaves and sheaf cohomology", under the supervision of Robert C. Gunning. Before joining Harvard, he taught at Purdue University, the University of Notre Dame, Yale, and Stanford. In 1982 he joined Harvard as a Professor, of Mathematics. He previously served as the Chairman of the Harvard Math Department.
In 2006, Siu published a proof of the finite generation of the pluricanonical ring.
Awards, honors and professional memberships
In 1993, Siu received the Stefan Bergman Prize of the American Mathematical Society. He has holds honorary doctorates from the University of Hong Kong, University of Bochum, Germany, and University of Macau. He is a Corresponding Member of the Goettingen Academy of Sciences (elected 1993)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontotheology
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Ontotheology means the ontology of God and/or the theology of being. While the term was first used by Immanuel Kant, it has only come into broader philosophical parlance with the significance it took for Martin Heidegger's later thought. While, for Heidegger, the term is used to critique the whole tradition of 'Western metaphysics', much recent scholarship has sought to question whether 'ontotheology' developed at a certain point in the metaphysical tradition, with many seeking to equate the development of 'ontotheological' thinking with the development of modernity, and Duns Scotus often being cited as the first 'ontotheologian'.
History and usage of the term
Kant
The term "ontotheology" was coined by Immanuel Kant in contradistinction to the term cosmotheology, "in order to distinguish between two competing types of 'transcendental theology'." The word's origin is often mistakenly attributed to Heidegger, who used it frequently.
At the broadest level Kant had distinguished two general types of theology: that which comes from reason and that of revelation. Within the category of reasoned theology he distinguished two further types, "natural theology" and "transcendental theology". Within natural theology, Kant differentiated between "physico-theology" and an ethical or moral theology. Transcendental theology or reasoned-based theology, he divided into ontotheology and cosmotheology.
Ontotheology, according to Kant (as interpreted by Iain Thomson), "was the type of trans
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dreams%20in%20the%20Witch%20House
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"The Dreams in the Witch House" is a horror short story by American writer H. P. Lovecraft, part of the Cthulhu Mythos cycle. It was written in January/February 1932 and first published in the July 1933 issue of Weird Tales.
Plot
Walter Gilman, a student of mathematics and folklore at Miskatonic University, rents an attic room in the "Witch House", a house in Arkham, Massachusetts, that is rumored to be cursed. The house once harboured Keziah Mason, an accused witch who disappeared mysteriously from a Salem jail in 1692. Gilman discovers that, for the better part of two centuries, many of the attic's occupants have died prematurely. The dimensions of Gilman's attic room are unusual and seem to conform to a kind of unearthly geometry. Gilman theorizes that the structure can enable travel from one plane or dimension to another.
Gilman begins experiencing bizarre dreams in which he seems to float without physical form through an otherworldly space of unearthly geometry and indescribable colors and sounds. Among the elements, both organic and inorganic, he perceives shapes that he innately recognizes as entities that appear and disappear instantaneously and at random. Several times, his dreaming self encounters bizarre clusters of "iridescent, prolately spheroidal bubbles", as well as a rapidly changing polyhedral figure, both of which appear sapient. Gilman also has nightly experiences involving Keziah and her rat-bodied, human-faced familiar, Brown Jenkin, which he believes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semipinacol%20rearrangement
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The semipinacol rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry involving a heterosubstituted alcohol of the type R1R2(HO)C–C(X)R3R4. The hetero substituent can be a halogen (Cl, Br, I), a tosylate, a mesylate or a thiol group. This reaction proceeds by removal of the leaving group X forming a carbocation as electron deficient center. One of the adjacent alkyl groups then migrates to the positive carbon in a 1,2-shift. Simultaneously with the shift, a pi bond forms from the oxygen to carbon, assisting in driving the migrating group off its position. The result is a ketone or aldehyde. In another definition all semipinacol rearrangements "share a common reactive species in which an electrophilic carbon center, including but not limited to carbocations, is vicinal to an oxygen-containing carbon and can drive the 1,2-migration of a C–C or C–H bond to terminate the process, generating a carbonyl group ".
The rearrangement reaction can be classified into 4 types. Type 1 concerns all 2-heterosubstituted alcohols. Substrates in type 2 rearrangements are allyl alcohols. The carbocation is formed by electrophilic addition to the alkene group with electrophiles such as halonium ions, Brønsted acids and Lewis acids. In type 3 the substrates are epoxides, notably 2,3-epoxy-alcohols and type 4 concerns the reactions of alpha hydroxyketones and alpha hydroxy imines. Reactions of type 4 are also called acyloin rearrangements.
While similar to the pinacol rearrangement, the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacket%20matrix
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In mathematics, a jacket matrix is a square symmetric matrix of order n if its entries are non-zero and real, complex, or from a finite field, and
where In is the identity matrix, and
where T denotes the transpose of the matrix.
In other words, the inverse of a jacket matrix is determined its element-wise or block-wise inverse. The definition above may also be expressed as:
The jacket matrix is a generalization of the Hadamard matrix; it is a diagonal block-wise inverse matrix.
Motivation
As shown in the table, i.e. in the series, for example with n=2, forward: , inverse : , then, . That is, there exists an element-wise inverse.
Example 1.
:
or more general
:
Example 2.
For m x m matrices,
denotes an mn x mn block diagonal Jacket matrix.
Example 3.
Euler's formula:
, and .
Therefore,
.
Also,
,.
Finally,
A·B = B·A = I
Example 4.
Consider be 2x2 block matrices of order
.
If and are pxp Jacket matrix, then is a block circulant matrix if and only if , where rt denotes the reciprocal transpose.
Example 5.
Let and , then the matrix is given by
,
⇒
where U, C, A, G denotes the amount of the DNA nucleobases and the matrix is the block circulant Jacket matrix which leads to the principle of the Antagonism with Nirenberg Genetic Code matrix.
References
[1] Moon Ho Lee, "The Center Weighted Hadamard Transform", IEEE Transactions on Circuits Syst. Vol. 36, No. 9, PP. 1247–1249, Sept. 1989.
[2] Kathy Horadam, Hadamard Matrices and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon%20Dreyfuss
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Gideon Dreyfuss is an American biochemist, the Isaac Norris Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2012.
Dreyfuss received his Ph.D. in biological chemistry in 1978 from Harvard University and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Research
The Dreyfuss Lab is interested in various projects studying the function and biogenesis of non-coding RNA and the proteins that interact with RNA. A primary research goal of the lab is to elucidate the function of Survival of Motor Neuron protein, SMN, which assembles a heptameric ring of Sm proteins on U snRNAs to form snRNPs that are essential components of the splicesome. Moreover, loss of functional SMN is directly linked to spinal muscular atrophy, a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is characterize by the eventual death of motor neurons and muscular wasting. The Dreyfuss Lab is conducting research to understand the role of SMN in SMA pathology and using high throughput screening to discover potential therapeutics. The lab also studies the dynamic mechanism of RNA splicing, the RNA-binding proteins that determine exonic specificity, and snRNAs, that are important regulators of splicing and mRNA maturation.
Genes or Gene Functions Discovered
eIF4A3
FXR1
FXR2
Gemin2 (Previously known as SIP1)
Gemin3/DDX20
Gemin4
Gemin5
Gemin6
Gem
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20La%20Salle%20University%20College%20of%20Computer%20Studies
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The College of Computer Studies (CCS) is one of the eight colleges of De La Salle University. It was established in 1981 as the Center for Planning, Information, and Computer Science offering only a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science. The department was formally declared as a college in 1984. In 1990, the college was transferred to its new building, the INTELLECT (Information Technology Lecture) Building, which was eventually renamed as the Gokongwei Building. In 1996 the college was granted semi-autonomous status along with the Graduate School of Business which led to the establishment of De La Salle-Professional Schools, Inc. The college became a part of De La Salle Professional Schools but later transferred back to the university.
Accreditation
The Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Computer Science program of the College was the first Computer Science program in the country to be given accreditation by the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges, and Universities in 1989. It was granted a Level II accreditation in 1993 and was re-accredited to Level II in 1998. In 2000, the College was named as one of the Commission on Higher Education's Center of Development and Excellence in Information Technology. In 2005, the Computer Science program of the college received a Level III accreditation by PAASCU, becoming the first Level III Accredited Computer Science Program in the Philippines . It is the highest accreditation granted in the Philippines to this d
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E8%20manifold
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:E8 manifold}}
In mathematics, the E8 manifold is the unique compact, simply connected topological 4-manifold with intersection form the E8 lattice.
History
The manifold was discovered by Michael Freedman in 1982. Rokhlin's theorem shows that it has no smooth structure (as does Donaldson's theorem), and in fact, combined with the work of Andrew Casson on the Casson invariant, this shows that the manifold is not even triangulable as a simplicial complex.
Construction
The manifold can be constructed by first plumbing together disc bundles of Euler number 2 over the sphere, according to the Dynkin diagram for . This results in , a 4-manifold with boundary equal to the Poincaré homology sphere. Freedman's theorem on fake 4-balls then says we can cap off this homology sphere with a fake 4-ball to obtain the manifold.
See also
References
4-manifolds
Geometric topology
Manifold
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn%20T.%20Seaborg%20Medal
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The Glenn T. Seaborg Medal was first awarded in 1987 by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry to Nobel Prize–winning chemist Glenn T. Seaborg, a UCLA alumnus. The purpose of the award is to honor persons who have made exceptional scientific contributions in the fields of chemistry or biochemistry. It is awarded annually by an executive committee of the UCLA Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry.
Winners
Source:
See also
List of chemistry awards
References
External links
UCLA Glenn T. Seaborg Symposium
Chemistry awards
Awards established in 1987
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Norton%20de%20Matos
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José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos, GCTE, GCL (23 March 1867 in Ponte de Lima, Portugal – 3 January 1955 in Ponte de Lima) was a Portuguese general and politician.
1880s
After attending college in Braga, and attending the Escola Académica in Lisbon in 1880, Norton de Matos became part of the mathematics faculty at the University of Coimbra in 1884. He later went to military school and, in 1898, departed for Portuguese India. There, he began his career in colonial administration.
1910s–1920s
Norton de Matos' return to Portugal coincided with the transformation of the political system of Portugal into a republic. He was prepared to serve the new regime, and he soon became the chief of staff of the 5th military division. In 1912 he gained the post of governor-general of Angola. His leadership was considered instrumental in protecting the Portuguese colony from foreign powers such as Britain, Germany and France.
Norton de Matos was recalled to Portugal in 1915 due to a new political situation that arose in Portugal during the First World War and named Minister of War. In this capacity, he was responsible for organizing the Portuguese intervention on the Western Front.
In 1917, Norton de Matos exiled himself to London after disagreements with the new republic. He later returned and became the Portuguese delegate to the Paris Peace Conference, which led to the Treaty of Versailles. Later he returned to Angola as High Commissioner of the Republic, from 1921 to 1923, befor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolooware%20High%20School
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Woolooware High is a comprehensive secondary school in the Sutherland Shire, Sydney, Australia. It was established in 1967 and took its first class in January 1968.
Woolooware High is known for participation and success in performing arts, sport and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The school has had success in the Rock Eisteddfod Challenge.
Several students from WHS competed in and won the Science and Engineering Challenge, held at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation.
Woolooware High became a participant in the White Ribbon program in 2014 and was officially accredited as a "White Ribbon" school in 2016.
On 29 January 2016, Woolooware High was one of a number of schools across New South Wales which were evacuated following threatening phone calls that students were in danger. The calls turned out to be a hoax.
Alumni
Selina Hornibrook, former NSW and Australian netball champion.
Ben Jacobs, former rugby union player for NSW Waratahs and Western Force.
Lauren Nicholson, basketball player in the WNBL and Australian Opals.
Simon Pavey, motorcycle racer who competed in the Dakar Rally and co-star of Race to Dakar.
Glenn Stevens, former governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia.
Connor Tracey, professional rugby league player for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks.
Tahyna Tozzi, model and actress.
Todd Woodbridge, one of the most successful doubles tennis players of all time, now a sports broadcaster.
References
External links
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo%20Puyol
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Pablo Puyol Ledesma (born 26 December 1975) is a Spanish actor, dancer and singer. He is most known for appearing as Hugo in 45 episodes of Arrayán TV Series and in 24 episodes of Ciega a citas as Alberto.
Biography
He was born in Málaga. After starting biology, he studied drama in the Escuela Superior de Arte Dramático de Málaga. He started as a professional actor in Madrid with the musical Grease.
He made roles in several TV series and short films before he joined the famous Antena 3 TV series Un paso adelante thanks to his talents in dancing and singing.
In 2000, he played the role of Asier in En malas compañías (named in English as Doors Cut Down), then in 2005 he played the role of Raul, "el reponedor" in the movie 20 Centimeters which won many prizes at the Málaga International Film Festival, he also played part in the movie Clandestinos starring with actor Israel Rodrigues.
On 6 February 2014 he appeared in the show Tu cara me suena (on Antena 3), the Spanish version of Your Face Sounds Familiar, as a guest impersonating Vanilla Ice, and he was postulated as a favorite to appear in the fourth season of the contest. On 29 July 2015 the rumors were confirmed, and it became official his participation in the fourth season of Tu cara me suena where he eventually finished third.
Personal life
He is a vegan from 2012 and he collaborates with the International Organization in defense of the Animal Equality.
In 2018, he dated journalist Irene Junquera.
Filmography
Refe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FXR
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FXR may refer to:
Farnesoid X receptor
Foxer, a World War II torpedo countermeasure
F. X. Reid, pseudonym of British computer science academic Mike W. Shields
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-factor%20%28physics%29
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A g-factor (also called g value) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the magnetic moment and angular momentum of an atom, a particle or the nucleus. It is essentially a proportionality constant that relates the different observed magnetic moments μ of a particle to their angular momentum quantum numbers and a unit of magnetic moment (to make it dimensionless), usually the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton. Its value is proportional to the gyromagnetic ratio.
Definition
Dirac particle
The spin magnetic moment of a charged, spin-1/2 particle that does not possess any internal structure (a Dirac particle) is given by
where μ is the spin magnetic moment of the particle, g is the g-factor of the particle, e is the elementary charge, m is the mass of the particle, and S is the spin angular momentum of the particle (with magnitude ħ/2 for Dirac particles).
Baryon or nucleus
Protons, neutrons, nuclei and other composite baryonic particles have magnetic moments arising from their spin (both the spin and magnetic moment may be zero, in which case the g-factor is undefined). Conventionally, the associated g-factors are defined using the nuclear magneton, and thus implicitly using the proton's mass rather than the particle's mass as for a Dirac particle. The formula used under this convention is
where μ is the magnetic moment of the nucleon or nucleus resulting from its spin, g is the effective g-factor, I is its spin angular momentum, μN is the nuclear magneton, e
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herta%20Freitag
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Herta Freitag ( Taussig; December 6, 1908 – January 25, 2000) was an Austrian-American mathematician, a professor of mathematics at Hollins College, known for her work on the Fibonacci numbers.
Life
She was born as Herta Taussig in Vienna, earning a master's degree from the University of Vienna in 1934. She took a teaching position at the university. However, her father (the editor of Die Neue Freie Presse) had publicly opposed the Nazis.
Herta and her parents decided to move to a summer cottage in the mountains outside Vienna, to give themselves some time to make plans for the future. Herta's brother, Walter Taussig, a musician, was touring the United States and decided to remain in the U.S. (Walter later became an assistant conductor for the Metropolitan Opera Company.) Herta and her parents immediately started to work on finding a sponsor to bring them to the United States. However, even when they identified a possible sponsor, they had to wait until their quota number was called up.
In 1938, she and her parents emigrated to England. She took a job as a maid as British immigration laws prevented her from entering the country as a teacher. In 1944, she, her brother, and her mother moved to the United States. (Her father had died a year earlier in England). She began teaching mathematics again at the Greer School in Dutchess County, New York.
She earned a second master's degree in 1948 from Columbia University, and a doctorate from Columbia in 1953. Meanwhile, in 1948,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Klein
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Michael Klein may refer to:
Michael L. Klein (born 1940), professor of chemistry at Temple University, member of the US National Academy of Sciences
Michael Klein (businessman) (born 1951), CEO of the Casas Bahia chain of stores in Brazil
Michael Klein (writer) (born 1954), faculty in English at Goddard College in the US
Michael Klein (art dealer) (born 1952), former curator of the Microsoft Art Collection, Director of the International Sculpture Center
Michael Klein (World Bank official) (born 1952), author and former World Bank official
Michael Klein (footballer, born 1959) (1959–93), Romanian football player, played in Romania and at Bayer Uerdingen
, German football player with Eintracht Frankfurt
Michael R. Klein, American securities lawyer and co-founder of the Sunlight Foundation as well of chair of Sunlight's board
See also
Michael Clyne (1939–2010), Australian linguist, academic and intellectual
Michael Klien (born 1973), Austrian choreographer and artist in Ireland
Michel Klyne (1781–1868), Canadian employee of North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20W.%20Kennedy
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Joseph William Kennedy (May 30, 1916 – May 5, 1957) was an American chemist who was a co-discoverer of plutonium, along with Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin McMillan and Arthur Wahl. During World War II he was head of the CM (Chemistry and Metallurgy) Division at the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory, where he oversaw research onto the chemistry and metallurgy of uranium and plutonium. After the war, he was recruited as a professor at Washington University in St. Louis, where he is credited with transforming a university primarily concerned with undergraduate teaching into one that also boasts strong graduate and research programs. He died of cancer of the stomach at the age of 40.
Early life
Joseph William Kennedy was born in Nacogdoches, Texas, on May 30, 1916, the son of Joseph and Mattie Kennedy. He also lived in Center, Texas for a period of seven years before entering college. He attended Stephen F. Austin State Teachers College, from which he received a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree, and the University of Kansas, which awarded him a Master of Arts (MA) degree. He then entered the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree, writing his thesis on "Studies of nuclear isomerism in tellurium, element 43, and zinc", under the supervision of George Ernest Gibson.
Plutonium
In February 1940, Glenn Seaborg and Edwin McMillan produced plutonium-239 through the bombardment of uranium. In their experiments bombarding uranium with de
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20sequence
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The mathematical term fundamental sequence can refer to:
In analysis, Cauchy sequence.
In discrete mathematics and computer science, Unary coding.
In set theory, a fundamental sequence for an ordinal is a sequence of ordinals approaching the limit ordinal from below.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay%20Govorun
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Nikolay Nikolayevich Govorun (1930–1989) was a Soviet mathematician known best for his contributions to computational mathematics.
Bibliography
Николай Николаевич Говорун (1930—1989). Дубна, Объединенный институт ядерных исследований (Библиография научных работ Н. Н. Говоруна). 1990.
Николай Николаевич Говорун. Книга воспоминаний. Под общей редакцией В. П. Ширикова, Е. М. Молчанова. Сост. А. Г. Заикина, Т. А. Стриж. Дубна, Объединенный институт ядерных исследований, 1999.
References
1930 births
1989 deaths
20th-century Russian mathematicians
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Numerical analysts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Steiglitz
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Kenneth Steiglitz is a Eugene Higgins Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University. He was born in Weehawken, New Jersey on January 30, 1939. He received his Doctor of Engineering Science from New York University in 1963. In 1997 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
Steiglitz has been teaching at Princeton University since 1963. His current research interests include Alternative models of computation, computing with solitons; auction theory and applications, agent-based market simulation. He is Director of the Program in Applications of Computing.
Steiglitz is a Fellow of the IEEE and ACM and has received numerous awards. In June 2007, he was named Eugene Higgins Professor of Computer Science.
In 2018 he was named Senior Scholar.
References
Bibliography
Introduction to Discrete Systems, John Wiley, New York, New York, 1974.
A DSP Primer, with Applications to Digital Audio & Computer Music, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1996.
Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and Complexity (with C. H. Papadimitriou), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1982 (& 1998)
Snipers, shills, & sharks: eBay and human behavior, Princeton University Press, 2007.
The Discrete Charm of the Machine: Why the World Became Digital, Princeton University Press 2019
https://www.universitypressbooks.com/book/9780691179438
External links
Personal website, which includes his publications
Powells.com technica q&a interview with Ken Ste
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai%20Chudakov
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Nikolai Grigor'evich Chudakov (; 1904–1986) was a Russian and Soviet mathematician. He was born in Lysovsk, Novo-Burassk, Saratov, Russian Empire. His father worked as a medical assistant.
Biography
He first studied at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Saratov State University, but then he transferred to Moscow University. He then graduated in 1927. In 1930, he was named head of higher mathematics at Saratov University. In 1936, he successfully defended his thesis and became a Doctor of Science. Among others, he considerably improved a result from Guido Hoheisel and Hans Heilbronn on an upper bound for prime gaps. He worked in Moscow until 1940, but then he reconnected with Saratov.
References
1904 births
1986 deaths
Soviet mathematicians
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