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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Protector%27s%20War
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The Protector's War is a 2005 alternate history, post-apocalyptic, science fiction novel by American writer S.M. Stirling. It is the second novel in the Emberverse series. The Protector's War describes the events of roughly a year, some eight years after the Change which altered the laws of physics in Dies the Fire. It describes the preparations of the Portland Protective Association for a war of conquest against the other communities of the Willamette Valley, their actions in response, and the arrival of three English refugees whose coming will help shape events in Oregon.
Plot summary
Eight years after the Change, Clan Mackenzie, led by Juniper Mackenzie, and the Bearkillers, headed by Mike Havel, have established themselves in the Willamette Valley. They have become bitter enemies of the much larger, expansion-minded Portland Protective Association (PPA), led by the Armingers. The barons of the PPA constantly violate a ceasefire with the other factions. During one of their raids, Eddie Liu, Baron and Marchwarden of the PPA, is confronted by a small group of Mackenzies, led by Eilir Mackenzie and Astrid Larsson. After a short skirmish, Liu leaves, again swearing revenge against the Clan.
In the meantime, in Great Britain, Sir Nigel Loring is imprisoned by the mad King Charles III, but is rescued by his son Alleyne Loring and John Hordle, formerly of the Special Air Service. They leave England aboard a Tasmanian sailing ship, which is conducting a worldwide survey. On
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerously%20irrelevant%20operator
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In statistical mechanics and quantum field theory, a dangerously irrelevant operator (or dangerous irrelevant operator) is an operator which is irrelevant at a renormalization group fixed point, yet affects the infrared (IR) physics significantly (e.g. because the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of some field depends sensitively upon the coefficient of this operator).
Critical phenomena
In the theory of critical phenomena, free energy of a system near the critical point depends analytically on the coefficients of generic (not dangerous) irrelevant operators, while the dependence on the coefficients of dangerously irrelevant operators is non-analytic ( p. 49).
The presence of dangerously irrelevant operators leads to the violation of the hyperscaling relation between the critical exponents and in dimensions. The simplest example ( p. 93) is the critical point of the Ising ferromagnet in dimensions, which is a gaussian theory (free massless scalar ), but the leading irrelevant perturbation is dangerously irrelevant. Another example occurs for the Ising model with random-field disorder, where the fixed point occurs at zero temperature, and the temperature perturbation is dangerously irrelevant ( p. 164).
Quantum field theory
Let us suppose there is a field with a potential depending upon two parameters, and .
Let us also suppose that is positive and nonzero and > . If is zero, there is no stable equilibrium. If the scaling dimension of is , then the scaling dimen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noyori%20asymmetric%20hydrogenation
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In chemistry, the Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation refers to methodology for enantioselective reduction of ketones and related functional groups. This methodology was introduced by Ryoji Noyori, who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001 for contributions to asymmetric hydrogenation. These hydrogenations are used in the production of several drugs, such as the antibacterial levofloxin, the antibiotic carbapenem, and the antipsychotic agent BMS181100.
History
The stoichiometric asymmetric reduction of ketones has long been known, e.g., using boron hydrides.
The catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones was demonstrated with catalysts based on BINAP-Ru halides and carboxylates.
Even though the BINAP-Ru dihalide catalyst could reduce functionalized ketones, the hydrogenation of simple ketones remained an unsolved. This challenge was solved with precatalysts of the type RuCl2(diphosphane)(diamine). These catalysts preferentially reduce ketones and aldehydes, leaving olefins and many other substituents unaffected.
Mechanism
The BINAP-Ru-diamine dihalide precatalyst is converted to the catalysts by reaction of H2 in the presence of base:
RuCl2(BINAP)(diamine) + 2 KOBu-t + 2 H2 → RuH2(BINAP)(diamine) + 2 KCl + 2 HOBu-t
The resulting catalysts have three kinds of ligands:
hydrides, which transfer to the unsaturated substrate
diamines, which interact with substrate and with base activator by the second coordination sphere
diphosphine, which confers asymmetry.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disintegration%20theorem
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In mathematics, the disintegration theorem is a result in measure theory and probability theory. It rigorously defines the idea of a non-trivial "restriction" of a measure to a measure zero subset of the measure space in question. It is related to the existence of conditional probability measures. In a sense, "disintegration" is the opposite process to the construction of a product measure.
Motivation
Consider the unit square in the Euclidean plane , . Consider the probability measure defined on by the restriction of two-dimensional Lebesgue measure to . That is, the probability of an event is simply the area of . We assume is a measurable subset of .
Consider a one-dimensional subset of such as the line segment . has -measure zero; every subset of is a -null set; since the Lebesgue measure space is a complete measure space,
While true, this is somewhat unsatisfying. It would be nice to say that "restricted to" is the one-dimensional Lebesgue measure , rather than the zero measure. The probability of a "two-dimensional" event could then be obtained as an integral of the one-dimensional probabilities of the vertical "slices" : more formally, if denotes one-dimensional Lebesgue measure on , then
for any "nice" . The disintegration theorem makes this argument rigorous in the context of measures on metric spaces.
Statement of the theorem
(Hereafter, will denote the collection of Borel probability measures on a topological space .)
The assumptions of the theorem
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen%20Taylor%20%28biologist%29
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Kathleen E. Taylor is a popular science author and a research scientist in the Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics at the University of Oxford. In July 2012 she was appointed as a Science Fellow of the Institute for Food, Brain and Behaviour.
Education
Taylor attended the University of Oxford where she studied physiology and philosophy. She obtained a master's degree in psychology from Stirling University, and received her doctorate in computational neuroscience from the University of Oxford.
Research
Taylor performed postdoctoral research in the areas of neuroimmunology and cognitive neuroscience. She is a neuroscientist at the University of Oxford and works out of the university's Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics. She performs research in the areas of physiology, psychology and the neuroscience of belief.
Published work
In 2003 Taylor won first prize in both the THES/OUP Science Essay competition and the THES Humanities and Social Sciences Writing Prize.
Brainwashing: The Science of Thought Control (2004), her first book, was "highly commended" and runner-up in the 2005 Times Higher Education Supplement Young Academic Author Award, and also made it to the shortlist for the 2005 MIND "Book of the Year Award". The book also made it to the longlist of the 2005 Aventis "Science Book Prize", where it was described as containing "elegant and accessible prose".
Cruelty: Human evil and the human brain (2009) examined human cruelty, from the points of v
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20S.%20Miller
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Victor Saul Miller (born 3 March 1947 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American mathematician as a Principal Computer Scientist in the Computer Science Laboratory of SRI International. He received his B.A. in mathematics from Columbia University in 1968, and his Ph.D. in mathematics from Harvard University in 1975. He was an assistant professor in the Mathematics Department of the University of Massachusetts Boston from 1973 to 1978. In 1978 he joined the IBM 801 project in the Computer Science Department of the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York, and moved to the Mathematics Department in 1984. From 1993-2022 he was on the Research Staff of Center for Communications Research (CCR) of the Institute for Defense Analyses in Princeton, New Jersey, U.S. In 2022 he was a Research Scientist in that Statistics and Privacy Group of Meta Platforms.
From 1984 through 1987 he was the editor of SIGACT news.
His main areas of interest are in computational number theory, combinatorics, data compression and cryptography. He is one of the co-inventors of elliptic-curve cryptography. He is also one of the co-inventors, with Mark Wegman, of the LZW data compression algorithm, and various extensions, one of which is used in the V.42bis international modem standard. He received an IEEE Millennium medal for this invention. He is also the inventor of Miller's Algorithm<ref>V. Miller Short Programs for functions on curves", unpublished manuscript (1986)</ref> which i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary%20complex
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A ternary complex is a protein complex containing three different molecules that are bound together. In structural biology, ternary complex can also be used to describe a crystal containing a protein with two small molecules bound, for example cofactor and substrate; or a complex formed between two proteins and a single substrate. In Immunology, ternary complex can refer to the MHC–peptide–T-cell-receptor complex formed when T cells recognize epitopes of an antigen.
Some other example can be taken like ternary complex while eukaryotic translation, in which ternary complex is composed of eIF-3 & eIF-2 + Ribosome 40s subunit+ tRNAi.
A ternary complex can be a complex formed between two substrate molecules and an enzyme. This is seen in multi-substrate enzyme-catalyzed reactions where two substrates and two products can be formed. The ternary complex is an intermediate between the product formation in this type of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. An example for a ternary complex is seen in random-order mechanism or a compulsory-order mechanism of enzyme catalysis for multi substrates.
The term ternary complex can also refer to a polymer formed by electrostatic interactions.
References
Protein complexes
Trevor Palmer (Enzymes, 2nd edition)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible%20Embeddable%20Language
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The Extensible Embeddable Language (EEL) is a scripting and programming language in development by David Olofson. EEL is intended for scripting in realtime systems with cycle rates in the kHz range, such as musical synthesizers and industrial control systems, but also aspires to be usable as a platform independent general purpose programming language.
Philosophy
As to the language design, the general idea is to strike a practical balance between power, ease of use and safety. The intention is to help avoiding many typical programming mistakes without resorting to overly wordy syntax or restricted functionality.
History
The first incarnation of EEL was in the form of a simple parser for structured audio definitions, used in the sound engine of the Free and Open Source game Kobo Deluxe, an SDL port of the X11 game XKobo. This was a simple interpreter with very limited flow control, and a syntax that's quite different from that of current versions. This initial branch of EEL was first released in 2002, and is still used in Kobo Deluxe as of version 0.5.1.
In December 2003, EEL was split off into a stand-alone project and subject to a major rewrite, in order to be used for real time scripting in an embedded rheology application. This is where the switch from interpreter to compiler/VM was made, and the actual programming language EEL materialized. The first official release was in January 2005. Since then, EEL has evolved slowly, driven mostly by the personal and professiona
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20L.%20Larmore
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Lawrence L. Larmore is an American mathematician and theoretical computer scientist. Since 1994 he has been a professor of computer science at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). Larmore developed the package-merge algorithm for the length-limited Huffman coding problem, as well as an algorithm for optimizing paragraph breaking in linear time. He is perhaps best known for his work with competitive analysis of online algorithms, particularly for the k-server problem. His contributions, with his co-author Marek Chrobak, led to the application of T-theory to the server problem.
Larmore earned a Ph.D. in Mathematics in the field of algebraic topology from Northwestern University in 1965. He later earned a second Ph.D., this time in Computer Science, in the field of theoretical computer science from University of California, Irvine. He is a past member of Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey and Gastwissenschaftler (visiting scholar) at the University of Bonn.
Awards
NSF graduate fellowship (1961)
References
External links
Larmore's entry in the Mathematics Genealogy Project
Professor Larmore's research page
Professor Larmore's Webpage at UNLV
American computer scientists
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
University of Nevada, Las Vegas faculty
Academic staff of the University of Bonn
Northwestern University alumni
University of California, Irvine alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feza%20G%C3%BCrsey%20Institute
|
Feza Gürsey Institute () is a joint institute of Boğaziçi University and TÜBİTAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) on physics research, founded in 1983 by Erdal İnönü with the name Research Institute for Basic Sciences. It now continues as the Feza Gürsey Institute, having been renamed in honor of Feza Gürsey, a distinguished Turkish physicist. The institute is located within the Kandilli Campus of the Boğaziçi University in Istanbul, Turkey. Currently it hosts researchers in mathematics and theoretical physics.
External links
Feza Gürsey Institute, official website of the institute
Physics research institutes
Research institutes in Turkey
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
Boğaziçi University
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjen%20Lenstra
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Arjen Klaas Lenstra (born 2 March 1956, in Groningen) is a Dutch mathematician, cryptographer and computational number theorist. He is currently a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) where he heads of the Laboratory for Cryptologic Algorithms.
Career
He studied mathematics at the University of Amsterdam. He is currently a professor at the EPFL (Lausanne), in the Laboratory for Cryptologic Algorithms, and previously worked for Citibank and Bell Labs.
Research
Lenstra is active in cryptography and computational number theory, especially in areas such as integer factorization. With Mark Manasse, he was the first to seek volunteers over the internet for a large scale volunteer computing project. Such projects became more common after the Factorization of RSA-129 which was a high publicity distributed factoring success led by Lenstra along with Derek Atkins, Michael Graff and Paul Leyland. He was also a leader in the successful factorizations of several other RSA numbers.
Lenstra was also involved in the development of the number field sieve. With coauthors, he showed the great potential of the algorithm early on by using it to factor the ninth Fermat number, which was far out of reach by other factoring algorithms of the time. He has since been involved with several other number field sieve factorizations including the current record, RSA-768.
Lenstra's most widely cited scientific result is the first polynomial time algorithm to factor po
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusp%20%28singularity%29
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In mathematics, a cusp, sometimes called spinode in old texts, is a point on a curve where a moving point must reverse direction. A typical example is given in the figure. A cusp is thus a type of singular point of a curve.
For a plane curve defined by an analytic, parametric equation
a cusp is a point where both derivatives of and are zero, and the directional derivative, in the direction of the tangent, changes sign (the direction of the tangent is the direction of the slope ). Cusps are local singularities in the sense that they involve only one value of the parameter , in contrast to self-intersection points that involve more than one value. In some contexts, the condition on the directional derivative may be omitted, although, in this case, the singularity may look like a regular point.
For a curve defined by an implicit equation
which is smooth, cusps are points where the terms of lowest degree of the Taylor expansion of are a power of a linear polynomial; however, not all singular points that have this property are cusps. The theory of Puiseux series implies that, if is an analytic function (for example a polynomial), a linear change of coordinates allows the curve to be parametrized, in a neighborhood of the cusp, as
where is a real number, is a positive even integer, and is a power series of order (degree of the nonzero term of the lowest degree) larger than . The number is sometimes called the order or the multiplicity of the cusp, and is equal to t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Wittich
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Christoph Wittich or Christophorus Wittichius (1625, in Brieg – 1687, in Leiden) was a Dutch theologian. He is known for attempting to reconcile Descartes' philosophy with the Scriptures.
Life
He studied theology in Bremen, Groningen and Leiden, and taught theology, mathematics, and Hebrew at Herborn (1651–53), Duisburg (1653–55), Nijmegen (1655–1671) and Leiden (1671–1687). Starting from his 1653 publication Dissertationes Duæ he defended a non-literal interpretation of the Bible texts that were quoted by Voetius to prove the unscriptural nature of Descartes' Copernican beliefs, and tried to reconcile philosophy and theology.
Works
Dissertationes Duæ, Amsterdam, 1653.
De Stylo Scripturae, Amsterdam (?), 1656
Consensus veritatis in Scriptura divina et infallibili revelatae cum veritate philosophica a Renato detecta, Nijmegen, 1660
Theologia pacifica, Leiden, 1671.
Anti-spinoza, Amsterdam, 1690 (posthumous).
Further reading
Ernst Bizer, D. ref. Orthodoxie u. d. Cartesianismus, in: ZThK 55, 1958, 306-372
Roberto Bordoli s.v., The Dict. of Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century Dutch Philosophers, II, 2003, 1083–1086.
Cellamare, Davide, "A theologian teaching Descartes at the Academy of Nijmegen (1655–1679): class notes on Christoph Wittich’s course on the Meditations on First Philosophy", Intellectual History Review, 30:4, 585-613
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17496977.2019.1698874
Cuno, "Wittich, Christoph" in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 43 (1898), S.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20Ashe
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Karen K. Hsiao Ashe is a professor at the Department of Neurology and Neuroscience at the University of Minnesota (UMN) Medical School, where she holds the Edmund Wallace and Anne Marie Tulloch Chairs in Neurology and Neuroscience. She is the founding director of the N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, and her specific research interest is memory loss resulting from Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Her research has included the development of an animal model of Alzheimer's.
In July 2022, concerns were raised that certain images in a 2006 Nature paper co-authored by Ashe's postdoctoral student Sylvain Lesné were manipulated. In May of 2023, the Star Tribune reported that Ashe was using new techniques to re-do the work reported in the 2006 Nature study, and that she stated "it's my responsibility to establish the truth of what we've published".
Personal life and education
Ashe's parents came to the United States from China to pursue PhDs; her father, C.C. Hsiao, taught aerospace engineering at the University of Minnesota, and her mother, Joyce, was a biochemist. She has three younger siblings.
Attending the St. Paul Academy and Summit School in the 1970s, Ashe's interest in the brain began in primary school, where she excelled in math, along with music. She obtained her undergraduate degree at Harvard University in 1975 in chemistry and physics, starting as a sophomore at the age of 17. She went on to earn her PhD in brain and cognitive sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-normal%20form
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In computer science, A-normal form (abbreviated ANF, sometimes expanded as administrative normal form) is an intermediate representation of programs in functional programming language compilers.
In ANF, all arguments to a function must be trivial (constants or variables). That is, evaluation of each argument must halt immediately.
ANF was introduced by Sabry and Felleisen in 1992 as a simpler alternative to continuation-passing style (CPS). Some of the advantages of using CPS as an intermediate representation are that optimizations are easier to perform on programs in CPS than in the source language, and that it is also easier for compilers to generate machine code for programs in CPS. Flanagan et al. showed how compilers could use ANF to achieve those same benefits with one source-level transformation; in contrast, for realistic compilers the CPS transformation typically involves additional phases, for example, to simplify CPS terms.
Grammar
Consider the pure λ-calculus with weak reduction and let-expressions. The ANF restriction is enforced by
allowing only constants, λ-terms, and variables, to serve as arguments of function applications, and
requiring that the result of a non-trivial expression be captured by a let-bound variable or returned from a function.
The following BNF grammar describes the syntax of λ-expressions modified to support the constraints of ANF:
EXP ::= VAL
| let VAR = VAL in EXP
| let VAR = VAL VAL in EXP
VAL ::= VAR
| λ VA
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmy%20round-eared%20bat
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The pygmy round-eared bat (Lophostoma brasiliense) is a bat species from South and Central America.
Description
Its ears are large with rounded tips. Its upper lip has several small warts. The fur is dark brown or black in color. Its forearm is long. Individuals weigh . Its dental formula is for a total of 32 teeth.
Biology and ecology
It is insectivorous, though it may also consume fruit. It is nocturnal, roosting in sheltered places during the day such as hollow trees or within termite mounds.
Range and habitat
It is found in several countries in Central and South America, including: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. It is documented at elevations below above sea level.
As of 2016, it was evaluated as a least-concern species by the IUCN.
References
Lophostoma
Bats of Central America
Bats of South America
Bats of Brazil
Mammals of Colombia
Mammals described in 1866
Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courant%20bracket
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In a field of mathematics known as differential geometry, the Courant bracket is a generalization of the Lie bracket from an operation on the tangent bundle to an operation on the direct sum of the tangent bundle and the vector bundle of p-forms.
The case p = 1 was introduced by Theodore James Courant in his 1990 doctoral dissertation as a structure that bridges Poisson geometry and pre-symplectic geometry, based on work with his advisor Alan Weinstein. The twisted version of the Courant bracket was introduced in 2001 by Pavol Severa, and studied in collaboration with Weinstein.
Today a complex version of the p=1 Courant bracket plays a central role in the field of generalized complex geometry, introduced by Nigel Hitchin in 2002. Closure under the Courant bracket is the integrability condition of a generalized almost complex structure.
Definition
Let X and Y be vector fields on an N-dimensional real manifold M and let ξ and η be p-forms. Then X+ξ and Y+η are sections of the direct sum of the tangent bundle and the bundle of p-forms. The Courant bracket of X+ξ and Y+η is defined to be
where is the Lie derivative along the vector field X, d is the exterior derivative and i is the interior product.
Properties
The Courant bracket is antisymmetric but it does not satisfy the Jacobi identity for p greater than zero.
The Jacobi identity
However, at least in the case p=1, the Jacobiator, which measures a bracket's failure to satisfy the Jacobi identity, is an exact form
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIFL
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LIFL may refer to:
Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille, a computer science research laboratory of Lille University of Science and Technology.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft%20Matter%20%28journal%29
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Soft Matter is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the science of soft matter. It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry and the editor-in-chief is Darrin Pochan (University of Delaware, USA).
The journal was established in 2005. Initially it was published monthly, but as submissions increased it switched to 24 issues a year in 2009 and to 48 issues a year in 2012.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
Science Citation Index
Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 4.046.
See also
List of scientific journals in chemistry
References
External links
Biochemistry journals
Engineering journals
Materials science journals
Academic journals established in 2005
Royal Society of Chemistry academic journals
Weekly journals
English-language journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidts%27s%20big-eared%20bat
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Schmidts's big-eared bat (Micronycteris schmidtorum) is a bat species from South and Central America.
Description
Individuals weigh and have forearm lengths of . Its ears are long with rounded tips.
Its dorsal fur is brown while its ventral fur light gray or whitish. Its dental formula is for a total of 34 teeth.
Biology and ecology
It is insectivorous, though it possibly also consumes fruit. It is nocturnal, roosting in sheltered places during the day such as hollow trees or in human structures.
Range and habitat
It is found in Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. It is generally documented in lowland areas.
Conservation
As of 2016, it is assessed as a least-concern species by the IUCN.
References
Micronycteris
Bats of South America
Bats of Brazil
Mammals of Colombia
Mammals described in 1935
Bats of Central America
Taxa named by Colin Campbell Sanborn
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Materials%20Chemistry
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The Journal of Materials Chemistry was a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the applications, properties and synthesis of new materials. It was established in 1991 and published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. At the end of 2012 the journal was split into three independent journals: Journal of Materials Chemistry A (energy and sustainability), Journal of Materials Chemistry B (biology and medicine) and Journal of Materials Chemistry C (optical, magnetic and electronic devices). The editor-in-chief was Liz Dunn.
See also
List of scientific journals in chemistry
Soft Matter
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Journal of Materials Chemistry B
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
References
External links
Chemistry journals
Materials science journals
Royal Society of Chemistry academic journals
Academic journals established in 1991
English-language journals
Weekly journals
Academic journal series
1991 establishments in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julianne%20Dalcanton
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Julianne Dalcanton (born 1968) is an American astronomer, professor of astronomy, researcher and comet discoverer. Since September 2021 she is the director of the Simons Foundation Center for Computational Astrophysics.
Career
Julianne Dalcanton joined the Simons Foundation in September 2021 as Director of the Flatiron Institute’s Center for Computational Astrophysics (CCA) in New York City. Prior to this she was Professor of Astronomy, University of Washington, Chair of the Astronomy Department, and researcher for Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Her main work is on the area of galaxy formation and evolution. She led the ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury (ANGST) and is leading the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) programs on the Hubble Space Telescope. She became known worldwide by her discovery of the comet C/1999 F2 Dalcanton. She is also a contributor to the physics blog Cosmic Variance.
Awards and honors
In 2018, Professor Dalcanton was awarded the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize by the American Astronomical Society in recognition of her work in Astronomy and "contributions that are of an exceptionally creative or innovative character and that have played a seminal role in furthering our understanding of the universe." Asteroid 148384 Dalcanton, discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in 2000, was named in her honor. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 April 2012 ().
Journal articles
References
External links
https://www.simonsfounda
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20Institute%20for%20Theoretical%20Physics
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The Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics (SITP) is a research institute within the Physics Department at Stanford University. Led by 16 physics faculty members, the institute conducts research in High Energy and Condensed Matter theoretical physics.
Research
Research within SITP includes a strong focus on fundamental questions about the new physics underlying the Standard Models of particle physics and cosmology, and on the nature and applications of our basic frameworks (quantum field theory and string theory) for attacking these questions.
Principal areas of research include:
Biophysics
Condensed matter theory
Cosmology
Formal theory
Physics beyond the standard model
"Precision frontiers"
Quantum computing
Quantum gravity
Central questions include:
What governs particle theory beyond the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking?
How do string theory and holography resolve the basic puzzles of general relativity, including the deep issues arising in black hole physics and the study of cosmological horizons?
Which class of models of inflationary cosmology captures the physics of the early universe, and what preceded inflation?
Can physicists develop new techniques in quantum field theory and string theory to shed light on mysterious phases arising in many contexts in condensed matter physics (notably, in the high temperature superconductors)?
Faculty
Current faculty include:
Savas Dimopoulos, theorist focusing on physics beyond the stand
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salimuzzaman%20Siddiqui
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Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, ( ; 19 October 1897 – 14 April 1994) was a Pakistani Muhajir organic chemist specialising in natural products, and a professor of chemistry at the University of Karachi.
Siddiqui studied philosophy at Aligarh Muslim University and later studied chemistry at Frankfurt University, where he received his PhD in 1927. On return to British India, he worked at the Tibbia College Delhi and the Indian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. He later moved to Pakistan and worked in the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. He went on to establish the Pakistan National Science Council and was appointed its first chairman in 1961. In the same year he became a Fellow of the Royal Society. He later co-founded the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, and after retirement from the government, he founded the Hussain Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry.
Siddiqui is credited with pioneering the isolation of unique chemical compounds from the Neem (Azadirachta indica), Rauvolfia, and various other flora. As the founder director of H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, he revolutionised research of the pharmacology of various domestic plants found in South Asia to extract novel chemical substances of medicinal importance. During his career, Siddiqui published more than 300 research papers and obtained 40 patents mainly from the field of natural product chemistry. In addition to his scientific talents, Siddiqui was also an avid painter, poet
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta%20Mathematica
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Acta Mathematica is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering research in all fields of mathematics.
According to Cédric Villani, this journal is "considered by many to be the most prestigious of all mathematical research journals". According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.273, ranking it 5th out of 330 journals in the category "Mathematics".
Publication history
The journal was established by Gösta Mittag-Leffler in 1882 and is published by Institut Mittag-Leffler, a research institute for mathematics belonging to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The journal was printed and distributed by Springer from 2006 to 2016. Since 2017, Acta Mathematica has been published electronically and in print by International Press. Its electronic version is open access without publishing fees.
Poincaré episode
The journal's "most famous episode" (according to Villani) concerns Henri Poincaré, who won a prize offered in 1887 by Oscar II of Sweden for the best mathematical work concerning the stability of the Solar System by purporting to prove the stability of a special case of the three-body problem. This episode was rediscovered in the 1990s by Daniel Goroff, in his preface to the English translation of "Les méthodes nouvelles de la mécanique céleste" by June Barrow-Green and K.G. Andersson.
The prized or lauded paper was to be published in Acta Mathematica, but after the issue containing the paper was printed, Poincaré found
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End%20%28topology%29
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In topology, a branch of mathematics, the ends of a topological space are, roughly speaking, the connected components of the "ideal boundary" of the space. That is, each end represents a topologically distinct way to move to infinity within the space. Adding a point at each end yields a compactification of the original space, known as the end compactification.
The notion of an end of a topological space was introduced by .
Definition
Let X be a topological space, and suppose that
is an ascending sequence of compact subsets of X whose interiors cover X. Then X has one end for every sequence
where each Un is a connected component of X \ Kn. The number of ends does not depend on the specific sequence {Ki} of compact sets; there is a natural bijection between the sets of ends associated with any two such sequences.
Using this definition, a neighborhood of an end {Ui} is an open set V such that V ⊇ Un for some n. Such neighborhoods represent the neighborhoods of the corresponding point at infinity in the end compactification (this "compactification" is not always compact; the topological space X has to be connected and locally connected).
The definition of ends given above applies only to spaces X that possess an exhaustion by compact sets (that is, X must be hemicompact). However, it can be generalized as follows: let X be any topological space, and consider the direct system {K} of compact subsets of X and inclusion maps. There is a corresponding inverse system { 0( X
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantrasamgraha
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Tantrasamgraha, or Tantrasangraha, (literally, A Compilation of the System) is an important astronomical treatise written by Nilakantha Somayaji, an astronomer/mathematician belonging to the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics.
The treatise was completed in 1501 CE. It consists of 432 verses in Sanskrit divided into eight chapters. Tantrasamgraha had spawned a few commentaries: Tantrasamgraha-vyakhya of anonymous authorship and Yuktibhāṣā authored by Jyeshtadeva in about 1550 CE.
Tantrasangraha, together with its commentaries, bring forth the depths of the mathematical accomplishments the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics, in particular the achievements of the remarkable mathematician of the school Sangamagrama Madhava.
In his Tantrasangraha, Nilakantha revised Aryabhata's model for the planets Mercury and Venus. According to George G Joseph his equation of the centre for these planets remained the most accurate until the time of Johannes Kepler in the 17th century.
It was C.M. Whish, a civil servant of East India Company, who brought to the attention of the western scholarship the existence of Tantrasamgraha through a paper published in 1835. The other books mentioned by C.M. Whish in his paper were Yuktibhāṣā of Jyeshtadeva, Karanapaddhati of Puthumana Somayaji and Sadratnamala of Sankara Varman.
Author and date of Tantrasamgraha
Nilakantha Somayaji, the author of Tantrasamgraha, was a Nambudiri belonging to the Gargya gotra and a resident of Trikkant
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Michael%20Cullen
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John Michael Cullen (14 December 1927 – 23 March 2001) was an Australian ornithologist, of English origin. Mike Cullen began his academic career by studying mathematics at Wadham College, Oxford, but later switched to zoology, spending time at the Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology while investigating the ecology of marsh tits. He subsequently achieved his PhD with Niko Tinbergen with a study of the behaviour of the common tern on the Farne Islands off the coast of Northumberland.
In 1976 he moved to Australia, to Monash University in Melbourne, Victoria. There he was involved in an investigation of Abbott's booby on Christmas Island which was threatened by phosphate mining. He served on the Field Investigation Committee of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) for which he organised the Rolling Bird Survey project. However, he is best known for long-term studies of the little penguin at Phillip Island and in Port Phillip Bay at St Kilda, in collaboration with Pauline Reilly and others.
References
Dann, Peter. (2002). Obituary. Professor J. Michael (Mike) Cullen, 14 December 1927 - 23 March 2001. VWSG Bulletin 25: 92–93.
Robin, Libby. (2001). The Flight of the Emu: a hundred years of Australian ornithology 1901-2001. Carlton, Vic. Melbourne University Press.
External links
For a Eulogy by Richard Dawkins see http://richarddawkins.net/article,2623,Tribute-to-a-Beloved-Mentor,Richard-Dawkins
John Krebs and Richard Dawkins, Obituary in Guardian
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Butcher%20%28musician%29
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John Butcher (born 1954) is an English tenor and soprano saxophone player.
Career
In the 1970s he taught himself to play saxophone. While studying physics at the University of Surrey, he met Chris Burn, and the two began playing free jazz together. In the 1980s he gave up the study of quarks to perform in a quartet with Burn. He belonged to a trio with Phil Durrant and John Russell and the band News from the Shed with Paul Lovens and Radu Malfatti. His debut album, Fonetiks, was released in 1984. A few years later he started the label Acta.
Discography
As leader
Fonetiks with Chris Burn (Bead, 1985)
Conceits with Durrant/Russell (Acta, 1987)
News from the Shed with Durrant/Lovens/Malfatti/Russell (Acta, 1989)
13 Friendly Numbers (Acta, 1992)
Concert Moves with Durrant/Russell (Random Acoustics, 1995)
Respiritus with Vanessa Mackness (Incus, 1995)
London & Cologne Solos (Rastascan, 1996)
Trio Playing with Derek Bailey (Incus, 1997)
Secret Measures with Phil Durrant (Wobbly Rail, 1998)
Two Concerts with Minton/Hirt, (FMP, 1998)
12 Milagritos with Gino Robair (Spool, 1998)
The Scenic Route with Phil Durrant & John Russell (Emanem, 1999)
Light's View with Georg Graewe (Nuscope, 1999)
Requests and Antisongs with Phil Durrant (Erstwhile, 2000)
Music On Seven Occasions (Meniscus, 2000)
Points, Snags and Windings with Dylan van der Schyff (Meniscus, 2001)
Vortices and Angels (Emanem, 2001)
Intentions with Phil Durrant (Nuscope, 2001)
Thermal with Moor/Lehn (Un
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly%20A.%20Moore
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Kimberly Ann Moore (née Pace; born June 15, 1968) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as chief United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
Early life and education
Moore was born in Halethorpe, Maryland. Moore received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering in 1990 and a Master of Science in 1991, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She received her Juris Doctor, cum laude, from the Georgetown University Law Center in 1994.
Career
From 1988 to 1992, Moore was employed in electrical engineering with the Naval Surface Warfare Center. She worked in private practice as an associate with the law firm of Kirkland & Ellis in Los Angeles, California from 1994 to 1995, and then clerked for United States Circuit Judge Glenn L. Archer Jr. from 1995 to 1997.
Moore taught at the Chicago-Kent College of Law from 1997 to 1999 and at the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law from 1999 to 2000. She subsequently taught at the George Mason University School of Law as an associate professor from 2000 to 2004 and professor of law from 2004 until her appointment. Prior to her appointment, Moore also served as a mediator for the Federal Circuit Appellate Mediation Pilot Program. She also served as a lecturer for the Barbri Patent Bar Review, a review program for the USPTO registration examination.
Federal judicial service
On May 18, 2006, President George W. Bush nominated Moore to serve as a Uni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Vil%C4%8Dek
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Jan T. Vilček (born June 17, 1933) is a Slovak-American biomedical scientist, educator, inventor and philanthropist. He is a professor in the department of microbiology at the New York University School of Medicine, and chairman and CEO of The Vilcek Foundation.
Vilček received his M.D. degree from Comenius University Medical School in Bratislava in 1957; and his Ph.D. in Virology from the Institute of Virology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, in 1962.
In 1964, Vilček with his wife Marica defected from Communist Czechoslovakia during a three-day visit to Vienna. In 1965, the Vilčeks immigrated to the United States, and have since lived in New York City. Vilček devoted his scientific career to studies of soluble mediators that regulate the immune system (cytokines), including interferon and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
Early years
Vilček was born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, to a middle class secular Jewish family. His mother, Friderika Fischer, was born to a German-speaking family in Budapest, Hungary. She moved with her family to Bratislava where she finished medical school, married Jan's father, Julius Vilček, and became an ophthalmologist. Jan grew up speaking three languages (Slovak, German and Hungarian). During World War II, his family was persecuted because of their Jewish heritage. To protect him from deportation to a concentration camp, in 1942 his parents placed Jan in an orphanage run by Catholic nuns. From mid-1944 through the end of the war in 1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom%20water
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Bottom water is the lowermost water mass in a water body, by its bottom, with distinct characteristics, in terms of physics, chemistry, and ecology.
Oceanography
Bottom water consists of cold, dense water near the ocean floor. This water is characterized by low salinity and nutrient content. Generally, low salinity from seasonal ice melt and freshwater river output characterizes bottom water produced in the Antarctic. However, during colder months, the formation of sea ice is a crucial process that raises the salinity of bottom water through brine rejection. As saltwater freezes, salt is expelled from the ice into the surrounding water. The oxygen content in bottom water is high due to ocean circulation. In the Antarctic, salty and cold surface water sinks to lower depths due to its high density. As the surface water sinks, it carries oxygen from the surface with it and will spend an enormous amount of time circulating across the seafloor of ocean basins. Oxygen-rich water moving throughout the bottom layer of the ocean is an important source for the respiration of benthic organisms. Bottom waters flow very slowly, driven mainly by slope topography and differences in temperature and salinity, especially compared to wind-driven surface ocean currents.
Antarctic Bottom Water is the most dominant source of bottom water in southern parts of the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and North Atlantic Ocean. Antarctic Bottom Water sits underneath the North Atlantic Deep Water due to its
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Analyst%20%28disambiguation%29
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The Analyst is a book by George Berkeley
The Analyst may also refer to:
The Analyst, former title of the chemical journal Analyst, published by the Royal Society of Chemistry
The Analyst, or, Mathematical Museum, a mathematics journal
The Analyst, the first name of the Annals of Mathematics, a mathematics journal
The Analyst (newspaper), a newspaper in Liberia
The Analyst (novel), a novel by John Katzenbach
"The Analyst", a song on the album Mistaken Identity by Delta Goodrem
See also
Analyst (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull%20ray
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Aetomylaeus bovinus, also known as the bull ray, duckbill ray, or duckbill eagle ray, is a species of large stingray of the family Myliobatidae found around the coasts of Europe and Africa.
Biology and ecology
The species is ovoviviparous and reach sexual maturity at 4 to 6 years old. With a low fecundity of three to four pups per litter and a long gestation of 6 to 12 months (depending on the geographical zone), this species have a very sensitive life history. Very little is known concerning the ecology and behavior of A. bovinus, however it is part of the coastal marine megafauna, and with a maximum discal width (tip to tip) of , in length and weighing up to , bull rays can be considered as giants of the shallow waters. Their maximum length and very narrow depth range of exposes them to various threats. Indeed, large-body, shallow-water species are at greatest risk. Bull rays appear to be extremely rare throughout the Mediterranean region and its current population trend is highly suspected to be decreasing. Females are larger and heavier than males.
This fish is named the bull ray because of the shape of its head and it is sometimes called the duckbill ray in South Africa for its long, flat, round snout.
Bull rays are "bentho-pelagic" feeders, which means that they feed on the sea floor and the water column. They feed on various invertebrates including crabs, hermit crabs, squids, prawns, gastropod molluscs and bivalve molluscs. They often cause damage to clam and oy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20of%20Colloids%20and%20Interfaces
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The Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung) is located in Potsdam-Golm Science Park in Golm, Potsdam, Germany. It was founded in 1990 as a successor of the Institute for Physical Chemistry and for Organic Chemistry, both in Berlin-Adlershof, and for Polymer Chemistry in Teltow. In 1999, it transferred to newly constructed extension facilities in Golm. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft).
Research
Being part of the Max Planck Society, the institute examines nano- and microstructures specifically colloids in which many are found in nature. With discoveries, scientists create tiny apatite crystals in bones, vesicles formed out of membranes, pores in membranes for fuel cells and microcapsules as vehicles for medical drugs - all are larger than an atom, yet too small to be seen with the naked eye. The scientists at the Potsdam-based Institute endeavor to understand how they are composed and how they work in order to imitate behavior in new materials or in vaccines, for example. Understanding the function of these structures can also help to identify the causes of certain diseases that occur when the folding of membranes or the transport of materials in cells fails to work properly.
Departments
Colloid Chemistry
The Colloid Chemistry department, headed by Markus Antonietti, deals with the synthesis of various colloidal structures in the nanometer range. This in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold%20cryptosystem
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A threshold cryptosystem, the basis for the field of threshold cryptography, is a cryptosystem that protects information by encrypting it and distributing it among a cluster of fault-tolerant computers. The message is encrypted using a public key, and the corresponding private key is shared among the participating parties. With a threshold cryptosystem, in order to decrypt an encrypted message or to sign a message, several parties (more than some threshold number) must cooperate in the decryption or signature protocol.
History
Perhaps the first system with complete threshold properties for a trapdoor function (such as RSA) and a proof of security was published in 1994 by Alfredo De Santis, Yvo Desmedt, Yair Frankel, and Moti Yung.
Historically, only organizations with very valuable secrets, such as certificate authorities, the military, and governments made use of this technology. One of the earliest implementations was done in the 1990s by Certco for the planned deployment of the original Secure electronic transaction.
However, in October 2012, after a number of large public website password ciphertext compromises, RSA Security announced that it would release software to make the technology available to the general public.
In March 2019, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted a workshop on threshold cryptography to establish consensus on applications, and define specifications. In July 2020, NIST published "Roadmap Toward Criteria for Thres
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotype
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Allotype may refer to:
In zoological nomenclature, a designated paratype that is a specimen of the opposite sex to the holotype
In biology, a variant protein sequence that is genetically determined, particularly:
In immunology, an immunoglobulin allotype
See also
Type (biology)
Lectotype (zoology)
Syntype (zoology)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20for%20Dynamics%20and%20Self-Organization
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The Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization in Göttingen, Germany, is a research institute for investigations of complex non-equilibrium systems, particularly in physics and biology.
Its founding history goes back to Ludwig Prandtl who in 1911 requested a Kaiser Wilhelm Institute to be founded for the investigation of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. As a first step the Aeronautische Versuchsanstalt (now the DLR) was established in 1915 and then finally the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Flow Research was established in 1924. In 1948 it became part of the Max Planck Society. The Max Planck Society was founded in this institute. In 2003 it was renamed to Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft).
History
The early history of the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization is closely linked to the work of the famous physicist Ludwig Prandtl. Prandtl is regarded as the founder of fluid dynamics and especially made a name for himself with his boundary layer theory. In Göttingen Prandtl opened two research facilities that both exist until today: in 1915 the Aerodynamical Experimental Station, which concentrated on application-oriented topics in fluid dynamics and evolved into the Göttinger branch of the German Space Agency DLR, and in 1925 the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fluid Dynamics. The latter mainly dealt with fundamental research in the field of fluid dy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahorski%20theorem
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In mathematics, Zahorski's theorem is a theorem of real analysis. It states that a necessary and sufficient condition for a subset of the real line to be the set of points of non-differentiability of a continuous real-valued function, is that it be the union of a Gδ set and a set of zero measure.
This result was proved by in 1939 and first published in 1941.
References
.
.
Theorems in real analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytotelma
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Phytotelma (plural phytotelmata) is a small water-filled cavity in a terrestrial plant. The water accumulated within these plants may serve as the habitat for associated fauna and flora.
A rich literature in German summarised by Thienemann (1954) developed many aspects of phytotelm biology. Reviews of the subject by Kitching (1971) and Maguire (1971) introduced the concept of phytotelmata to English-speaking readers. A multi-authored book edited by Frank and Lounibos (1983) dealt in 11 chapters with classification of phytotelmata, and with phytotelmata provided by bamboo internodes, banana leaf axils, bromeliad leaf axils, Nepenthes pitchers, Sarracenia pitchers, tree holes, and Heliconia flower bracts and leaf rolls.
A classification of phytotelmata by Kitching (2000) recognizes five principal types: bromeliad tanks, certain carnivorous plants such as pitcher plants, water-filled tree hollows, bamboo internodes, and axil water (collected at the base of leaves, petals or bracts); it concentrated on food webs. A review by Greeney (2001) identified seven forms: tree holes, leaf axils, flowers, modified leaves, fallen vegetative parts (e.g. leaves or bracts), fallen fruit husks, and stem rots.
Etymology
The word "phytotelma" derives from the ancient Greek roots phyto-, meaning 'plant', and telma, meaning 'pond'. Thus, the correct singular is phytotelma.
The term was coined by L. Varga in 1928.
The correct pronunciation is "phytotēlma" and "phytotēlmata" because of the Gr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Ada
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Gordon Leslie Ada AO, FAA (6 December 1922 – 25 September 2012) was an Australian biochemist best known for his seminal contributions to virology and immunology and his long leadership of the Department of Microbiology at the John Curtin School of Medical Research at the Australian National University, where Peter C. Doherty and Rolf Zinkernagel performed their Nobel winning research in his department. Both Zinkernagel and Doherty held him in high regard, and he was invited by them to attend the Nobel award ceremony and dinner in Stockholm.
Gordon Ada was born in 1922 in Sydney. He studied at Fort Street High School, then at the University of Sydney, graduating BSc in 1943, and MSc in 1946. After completing his Masters he went to London to work for the National Institute for Medical Research, staying in London until 1948. When he returned to Australia, he conducted research at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research under director Frank Macfarlane Burnet and was involved in the establishment of the Biochemistry and Biophysics Research Unit with Henry Holden. At the Hall Institute he initially worked on the viruses that cause influenza and Murray Valley encephalitis. He was the first to establish that influenza is an RNA virus and was awarded his DSc by the University of Sydney in 1959. From 1962 he focused on immune reactions, demonstrating that antigens are not present in antibody-producing cells, in support of Burnet's clonal selection theory.
In 1968 Ada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declan%20McCullagh
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Declan McCullagh is an American entrepreneur, journalist, and software engineer.
He is the CEO and co-founder, with computer scientist Celine Bursztein, of Recent Media Inc., a startup in Silicon Valley that has built a recommendation engine and iOS and Android news app. Recent, which uses artificial intelligence and machine learning for its recommendation engine, was released to early users in June 2015.
He previously worked for Wired, CNET, CBS Interactive, and Time Inc. His articles about technology have been published in Reason, Playboy, the Wall Street Journal, Communications of the ACM (co-authored with computer scientist Peter G. Neumann), and the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy.
Previously as a journalist he specialized in computer security and privacy. For many years, he moderated the Politech mailing list, giving commentary on the intersection of politics and technology. He is notable, among other things, for his early involvement with the media interpretation of U.S. presidential candidate Al Gore's statement that he "took the initiative in creating the Internet".
In addition to technology, McCullagh has written approvingly of free markets and individual liberty. He began writing weekly columns for CBS News entitled Other People's Money upon CBS Corporation's acquisition of CNET Networks. In August 2009, McCullagh renamed his column to Taking Liberties, which focuses on "individual rights and liberties, including both civil and economic liberties."
R
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20complex%20structure
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In the field of mathematics known as differential geometry, a generalized complex structure is a property of a differential manifold that includes as special cases a complex structure and a symplectic structure. Generalized complex structures were introduced by Nigel Hitchin in 2002 and further developed by his students Marco Gualtieri and Gil Cavalcanti.
These structures first arose in Hitchin's program of characterizing geometrical structures via functionals of differential forms, a connection which formed the basis of Robbert Dijkgraaf, Sergei Gukov, Andrew Neitzke and Cumrun Vafa's 2004 proposal that topological string theories are special cases of a topological M-theory. Today generalized complex structures also play a leading role in physical string theory, as supersymmetric flux compactifications, which relate 10-dimensional physics to 4-dimensional worlds like ours, require (possibly twisted) generalized complex structures.
Definition
The generalized tangent bundle
Consider an N-manifold M. The tangent bundle of M, which will be denoted T, is the vector bundle over M whose fibers consist of all tangent vectors to M. A section of T is a vector field on M. The cotangent bundle of M, denoted T*, is the vector bundle over M whose sections are one-forms on M.
In complex geometry one considers structures on the tangent bundles of manifolds. In symplectic geometry one is instead interested in exterior powers of the cotangent bundle. Generalized geometry unites these two
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean%20M.%20Carroll
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Sean Michael Carroll (born October 5, 1966) is an American theoretical physicist and philosopher who specializes in quantum mechanics, cosmology, and philosophy of science. Formerly a research professor at the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) department of physics, he is currently an external professor at the Santa Fe Institute, and the Homewood Professor of Natural Philosophy at Johns Hopkins University. He has been a contributor to the physics blog Cosmic Variance, and has published in scientific journals such as Nature as well as other publications, including The New York Times, Sky & Telescope and New Scientist. He is known for his atheism, his vocal critique of theism and defense of naturalism. He is considered a prolific public speaker and science populariser. In 2007, Carroll was named NSF Distinguished Lecturer by the National Science Foundation.
He has appeared on the History Channel's The Universe, Science Channel's Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman, Closer to Truth (broadcast on PBS), and Comedy Central's The Colbert Report. Carroll is the author of Spacetime And Geometry, a graduate-level textbook in general relativity, and has also recorded lectures for The Great Courses on cosmology, the physics of time and the Higgs boson. He is also the author of four popular books: From Eternity to Here about the arrow of time, The Particle at the End of the Universe about the Higgs boson, The Big Pictu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUSIC%20%28algorithm%29
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MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) is an algorithm used for frequency estimation and radio direction finding.
History
In many practical signal processing problems, the objective is to estimate from measurements a set of constant parameters upon which the received signals depend. There have been several approaches to such problems including the so-called maximum likelihood (ML) method of Capon (1969) and Burg's maximum entropy (ME) method. Although often successful and widely used, these methods have certain fundamental limitations (especially bias and sensitivity in parameter estimates), largely because they use an incorrect model (e.g., AR rather than special ARMA) of the measurements.
Pisarenko (1973) was one of the first to exploit the structure of the data model, doing so in the context of estimation of parameters of complex sinusoids in additive noise using a covariance approach. Schmidt (1977), while working at Northrop Grumman and independently Bienvenu and Kopp (1979) were the first to correctly exploit the measurement model in the case of sensor arrays of arbitrary form. Schmidt, in particular, accomplished this by first deriving a complete geometric solution in the absence of noise, then cleverly extending the geometric concepts to obtain a reasonable approximate solution in the presence of noise. The resulting algorithm was called MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) and has been widely studied.
In a detailed evaluation based on thousands of simulation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson%20School%20of%20Geosciences
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The Jackson School of Geosciences at The University of Texas at Austin unites the Department of Geological Sciences with two research units, the Institute for Geophysics and the Bureau of Economic Geology.
The Jackson School is both old and new. It traces its origins to a Department of Geology founded in 1888 but became a separate unit at the level of a college only on September 1, 2005. The school's formation resulted from gifts by the late John A. and Katherine G. Jackson initially valued at $272 million. The school's endowment as of December 31, 2015 is $442.3 million.
Dr. Claudia Mora is the Dean of the Jackson School of Geosciences.
Academics
The Department of Geological Sciences offers the following undergraduate degree programs: Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science in General Geology, Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science, Bachelor of Science in Geophysics, Bachelor of Science in Hydrogeology/Environmental Geology, Bachelor of Science in Teaching, Bachelor of Science in Geosystems Engineering and Hydrogeology. There is also an undergraduate Geological Sciences Honors Program. In the 2006-2007 academic year, the department awarded 49 undergraduate degrees.
The department offers the following graduate degree programs: Master of Science (with thesis), Master of Arts (with report), and Doctoral Degree. In the 2006-2007 academic year, the department awarded 52 graduate degrees.
In 2018, U.S. News & World Report ranked the Jackson School of Geosciences No. 7
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating%20coefficients
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In mathematics, the method of equating the coefficients is a way of solving a functional equation of two expressions such as polynomials for a number of unknown parameters. It relies on the fact that two expressions are identical precisely when corresponding coefficients are equal for each different type of term. The method is used to bring formulas into a desired form.
Example in real fractions
Suppose we want to apply partial fraction decomposition to the expression:
that is, we want to bring it into the form:
in which the unknown parameters are A, B and C.
Multiplying these formulas by x(x − 1)(x − 2) turns both into polynomials, which we equate:
or, after expansion and collecting terms with equal powers of x:
At this point it is essential to realize that the polynomial 1 is in fact equal to the polynomial 0x2 + 0x + 1, having zero coefficients for the positive powers of x. Equating the corresponding coefficients now results in this system of linear equations:
Solving it results in:
Example in nested radicals
A similar problem, involving equating like terms rather than coefficients of like terms, arises if we wish to de-nest the nested radicals to obtain an equivalent expression not involving a square root of an expression itself involving a square root, we can postulate the existence of rational parameters d, e such that
Squaring both sides of this equation yields:
To find d and e we equate the terms not involving square roots, so and equate the parts involv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic%20manifold
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In mathematics, a complete manifold (or geodesically complete manifold) is a (pseudo-) Riemannian manifold for which, starting at any point , you can follow a "straight" line indefinitely along any direction. More formally, the exponential map at point , is defined on , the entire tangent space at .
Equivalently, consider a maximal geodesic . Here is an open interval of , and, because geodesics are parameterized with "constant speed", it is uniquely defined up to transversality. Because is maximal, maps the ends of to points of , and the length of measures the distance between those points. A manifold is geodesically complete if for any such geodesic , we have that .
Examples and non-examples
Euclidean space , the spheres , and the tori (with their natural Riemannian metrics) are all complete manifolds.
All compact Riemannian manifolds and all homogeneous manifolds are geodesically complete. All symmetric spaces are geodesically complete.
Every finite-dimensional path-connected Riemannian manifold which is also a complete metric space (with respect to the Riemannian distance) is geodesically complete. In fact, geodesic completeness and metric completeness are equivalent for these spaces. This is the content of the Hopf–Rinow theorem.
Non-examples
A simple example of a non-complete manifold is given by the punctured plane (with its induced metric). Geodesics going to the origin cannot be defined on the entire real line. By the Hopf–Rinow theorem, we can alte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20cow
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The spherical cow is a humorous metaphor for highly simplified scientific models of complex phenomena. Originating in theoretical physics, the metaphor refers to physicists' tendency to reduce a problem to the simplest form imaginable in order to make calculations more feasible, even if the simplification hinders the model's application to reality.
The metaphor and variants have subsequently been used in other disciplines.
History
The phrase comes from a joke that spoofs the simplifying assumptions sometimes used in theoretical physics.
It is told in many variants, including a joke about a physicist who said he could predict the winner of any race provided it involved spherical horses moving through a vacuum. A 1973 letter to the editor in the journal Science describes the "famous story" about a physicist whose solution to a poultry farm's egg-production problems began with "Postulate a spherical chicken".
Cultural references
The concept is familiar enough that the phrase is sometimes used as shorthand for the entire issue of proper modeling. For example, Consider a Spherical Cow is a 1988 book about problem solving using simplified models. A 2015 paper on the systemic errors introduced by simplifying assumptions about spherical symmetries in galactic dark-matter haloes was titled "Milking the spherical cow – on aspherical dynamics in spherical coordinates".
References to the joke appear even outside the field of scientific modeling. "Spherical Cow" was chosen as the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core-Plus%20Mathematics%20Project
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Core-Plus Mathematics is a high school mathematics program consisting of a four-year series of print and digital student textbooks and supporting materials for teachers, developed by the Core-Plus Mathematics Project (CPMP) at Western Michigan University, with funding from the National Science Foundation. Development of the program started in 1992. The first edition, entitled Contemporary Mathematics in Context: A Unified Approach, was completed in 1995. The third edition, entitled Core-Plus Mathematics: Contemporary Mathematics in Context, was published by McGraw-Hill Education in 2015.
Key Features
The first edition of Core-Plus Mathematics was designed to meet the curriculum, teaching, and assessment standards from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the broad goals outlined in the National Research Council report, Everybody Counts: A Report to the Nation on the Future of Mathematics Education. Later editions were designed to also meet the American Statistical Association Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) and most recently the standards for mathematical content and practice in the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM).
The program puts an emphasis on teaching and learning mathematics through mathematical modeling and mathematical inquiry. Each year, students learn mathematics in four interconnected strands: algebra and functions, geometry and trigonometry, statistics and probability, and discrete math
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematically%20Correct
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Mathematically Correct was a U.S.-based website created by educators, parents, mathematicians, and scientists who were concerned about the direction of reform mathematics curricula based on NCTM standards. Created in 1997, it was a frequently cited website in the so-called Math wars, and was actively updated until 2003.
History
Although Mathematically Correct had a national scope, much of its focus was on advocating against mathematics curricula prevalent in California in the mid-1990s. When California reversed course and adopted more traditional mathematics texts (2001 - 2002), Mathematically Correct changed its focus to reviewing the new text books. Convinced that the choices were adequate, the website went largely dormant.
Mathematically Correct maintained a large section of critical articles and reviews for a number of math programs. Most of the program opposed by Mathematically Correct had been developed from research projects funded by the National Science Foundation. Most of these programs also claimed to have been based on the 1989 Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics published by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Mathematically Correct's main point of contention was that, in reform textbooks, traditional methods and concepts have been omitted or replaced by new terminology and procedures. As a result, in the case of the high-school program Core-Plus Mathematics Project, for example, some reports suggest that students may be un
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20A.%20P.%20Moran
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Patrick Alfred Pierce Moran FRS (14 July 1917 – 19 September 1988) was an Australian statistician who made significant contributions to probability theory and its application to population and evolutionary genetics.
Early years
Patrick Moran was born in Sydney and was the only child of Herbert Michael Moran (b. 1885 in Sydney, d. 1945 in Cambridge UK), a prominent surgeon and captain of the first Wallabies, and Eva Mann (b. 1887 in Sydney, d. 1977 in Sydney). Patrick did have five other siblings, but they all died at or shortly after birth. He completed his high school studies in Bathurst, in three and a half years instead of the normal five-year course. At age 16, in 1934, he commenced study at the University of Sydney where he studied chemistry, math and physics, graduating with first class honours in mathematics in 1937. Following graduation he went to study at Cambridge University from 1937 to 1939, his supervisors noted that he was not a good mathematician and the outbreak of World War II interrupted his studies. He graduated with an MA (by proxy) from St John's College, Cambridge, on 22 January 1943 and continued his studies there from 1945 to 1946. He was admitted to Balliol College, Oxford University, on 3 December 1946. He was awarded an MA, from Oxford University, by incorporation in 1947.
Career
During the war Moran worked in rocket development in the Ministry of Supply and later at the External Ballistics Laboratory in Cambridge. In late 1943 he joined the Aus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional%20mathematics
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Traditional mathematics (sometimes classical math education) was the predominant method of mathematics education in the United States in the early-to-mid 20th century. This contrasts with non-traditional approaches to math education. Traditional mathematics education has been challenged by several reform movements over the last several decades, notably new math, a now largely abandoned and discredited set of alternative methods, and most recently reform or standards-based mathematics based on NCTM standards, which is federally supported and has been widely adopted, but subject to ongoing criticism.
Traditional methods
The topics and methods of traditional mathematics are well documented in books and open source articles of many nations and languages. Major topics covered include:
Elementary arithmetic
Addition
Carry
Subtraction
Multiplication
Multiplication table
Division
Long division
Arithmetic with fractions
Lowest common denominator
Arithmetic mean
Volume
In general, traditional methods are based on direct instruction where students are shown one standard method of performing a task such as decimal addition, in a standard sequence. A task is taught in isolation rather than as only a part of a more complex project. By contrast, reform books often postpone standard methods until students have the necessary background to understand the procedures. Students in modern curricula often explore their own methods for multiplying multi-digit numbers, deepening their
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigations%20in%20Numbers%2C%20Data%2C%20and%20Space
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Investigations in Numbers, Data, and Space is a K–5 mathematics curriculum, developed at TERC in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The curriculum is often referred to as Investigations or simply TERC. Patterned after the NCTM standards for mathematics, it is among the most widely used of the new reform mathematics curricula. As opposed to referring to textbooks and having teachers impose methods for solving arithmetic problems, the TERC program uses a constructivist approach that encourages students to develop their own understanding of mathematics. The curriculum underwent a major revision in 2005–2007.
History
Investigations was developed between 1990 and 1998. It was just one of a number of reform mathematics curricula initially funded by a National Science Foundation grant. The goals of the project raised opposition to the curriculum from critics (both parents and mathematics teachers) who objected to the emphasis on conceptual learning instead of instruction in more recognized specific methods for basic arithmetic..
The goal of the Investigations curriculum is to help all children understand the fundamental ideas of number and arithmetic, geometry, data, measurement and early algebra. Unlike traditional methods, the original edition did not provide student textbooks to describe standard methods or provide solved examples. Instead, students were guided to develop their own invented algorithms through working with concrete representations of number such as manipu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Analyst%2C%20or%2C%20Mathematical%20Museum
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The Analyst, or, Mathematical Museum was an early American mathematics journal. Founded by Robert Adrain in 1808, it published one volume of four issues that year before discontinuing publication. Despite its extremely short life, it published papers by several notable mathematicians in the nascent American mathematical community, including Nathaniel Bowditch and Ferdinand Hassler; most importantly, Adrain himself published an independent formulation of the method of least squares.
After securing a professorship at Columbia University, Adrain attempted to revive the journal in 1814, but it published only one issue before again ceasing publication. He would later go on to found a more popularly oriented journal, The Mathematical Diary.
References
Defunct journals of the United States
Mathematics journals
Publications established in 1808
Publications disestablished in 1808
Publications established in 1814
Publications disestablished in 1814
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn%20Whyatt%20Frith
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Dr Dawn W. Frith is an English born Australian citizen and ornithologist. She is now a self-employed private, independent, zoological researcher, consultant, natural history author, and publisher.
Dawn obtained her PhD, in littoral zone marine biology on a study of the biology of animals living on the littoral sponges with special reference to Halichondria panicea (Pallas), at London University and lectured in zoology before meeting Clifford Brodie Frith on Aldabra Atoll, Indian Ocean where she was a visiting scientist studying insects and he a staff scientist studying birds. Their full-time partnership began in April 1973. They married at Bangkok Central Police Station, in October 1975. In December 1977, they moved to tropical north Queensland, Australia, to start decades of field studies of bowerbirds and birds-of-paradise and other rainforest-dwelling bird species in tropical eastern Australia and in the Papua New Guinea highlands. Together they have published some 150 substantial scientific papers in international peer-reviewed zoological journals. Their studies are largely self-funded by proceeds from their own publishing partnership.
Dawn has written and illustrated many semi-scientific and popular articles in magazines worldwide, has acted as scientific and/or technical adviser and/or associate producer to various feature and television film makers. She has much experience of giving personal presentations at both popular and scientific levels, and also carries out
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UC%20Davis%20College%20of%20Biological%20Sciences
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The University of California, Davis College of Biological Sciences (commonly referred to by students as the CBS) was established in 2005 and is one of four colleges and five schools on the campus of the University of California, Davis. Davis is the only UC campus that boasts a college dedicated solely to the study of biology, and is one of the only universities in the US to have such an institution. The college offers ten undergraduate majors and six minors, and has eight interdisciplinary graduate groups. The majors housed in the CBS were previously part of the Division of Biological Sciences since 1971.
In 2016, Mark Winey became Dean of the college.
UC Davis' biology programs are consistently ranked in the top ten in the nation, with its Genetics and Evolution and Ecology programs frequently ranked as best in the U.S.
Biological Sciences is the second most popular major at UC Davis, and 1/4 of the students at the university are within the CBS. Three of the top ten most popular majors at UC Davis are in the College of Biological Sciences: Biological Sciences; Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior; and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
In addition, the National Sciences Federation has ranked UC Davis #1 among UC campuses and #13 nationwide for funding on the biology field.
References
External links
Biological Sciences, College of
Universities and colleges established in 2005
2005 establishments in California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20for%20Terrestrial%20Microbiology
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The Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology () is a research institute for terrestrial microbiology in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1991 by Rudolf K. Thauer and is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft). Its sister institute is the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, which was founded a year later in 1992 in Bremen.
Research
There are currently around 19 research groups at the institute. The research at MPI-Marburg broadly focuses on understanding the functioning of microorganisms at the molecular, cellular and community levels. In particular, the focus is the mechanisms of cellular and community adaptation of bacteria in response to changes in the environment.
Organization
The institute consists of five departments with their respective research groups and heads:
Biogeochemistry
The Biogeochemistry Department, headed by Ralf Conrad, is focused on the microbial metabolism and biogeochemical matter cycling in soil. Soil microbial metabolism plays an important role in the global cycling of matter and — through the formation of atmospheric trace gases such as methane and nitrous oxide — also influences the climate on Earth. The department examines the role of soil microorganisms in carbon and nitrogen cycling, particularly in chemically well-defined processes such as the production and consumption of methane, the oxidation of ammonia, or denitrification. There are four research leaders in charge of six research grou
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prior%20knowledge%20for%20pattern%20recognition
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Pattern recognition is a very active field of research intimately bound to machine learning. Also known as classification or statistical classification, pattern recognition aims at building a classifier that can determine the class of an input pattern. This procedure, known as training, corresponds to learning an unknown decision function based only on a set of input-output pairs that form the training data (or training set). Nonetheless, in real world applications such as character recognition, a certain amount of information on the problem is usually known beforehand. The incorporation of this prior knowledge into the training is the key element that will allow an increase of performance in many applications.
Prior Knowledge
Prior knowledge refers to all information about the problem available in addition to the training data. However, in this most general form, determining a model from a finite set of samples without prior knowledge is an ill-posed problem, in the sense that a unique model may not exist. Many classifiers incorporate the general smoothness assumption that a test pattern similar to one of the training samples tends to be assigned to the same class.
The importance of prior knowledge in machine learning is suggested by its role in search and optimization. Loosely, the no free lunch theorem states that all search algorithms have the same average performance over all problems, and thus implies that to gain in performance on a certain application one must us
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalhousie%20University%20Faculty%20of%20Computer%20Science
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The Faculty of Computer Science is a faculty of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
History
The Faculty of Computer Science was officially founded on 1 April 1997 with the merger of the Technical University of Nova Scotia (TUNS) into Dalhousie University.
The Faculty of Computer Science traces its history to the School of Computer Science at TUNS and the Computer Science Division of the Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science at Dalhousie University.
Upon its founding, the Faculty of Computer Science took residence on the 15th and 16th floors of the Maritime Centre until the new Computer Science Building was completed in the fall of 1999. The new building was designed by Brian MacKay-Lyons and was featured in Canadian Architect in March 2000. It was renamed "Goldberg Computer Science Building" in June 2008 in recognition of a donation by Seymour Schulich and his wife, Tanna Goldberg-Schulich.
In July 2013, the Faculty launched the Institute for Big Data Analytics.
Programs
The Faculty of Computer Science offers several undergraduate programs including:
Bachelor of Computer Science (with/without Honours)
Data science Specialization
Artificial Intelligence Specialization
Cyber Security Specialization
Digital Media Specialization
Bioinformatics Specialization
Bachelor of Applied Computer Science (with/without Honours)
In general, the philosophy of the undergraduate program is to build a solid foundation of mathematics and com
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EmDrive
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The EmDrive is a concept for a thruster for spacecraft, first written about in 2001. It is purported to generate thrust by reflecting microwaves inside the device, in a way that would violate the law of conservation of momentum and other laws of physics. The concept has been referred to at times as a resonant cavity thruster.
There is no official design for this device. Neither person who claims to have invented it has committed to an explanation for how it could operate as a thruster or what elements define it, making it hard to say definitively whether a given object is an example of an EmDrive. However, over the years, prototypes based on its public descriptions have been constructed and tested.
In 2016, Harold White's group at NASA observed a small apparent thrust from one such test, however subsequent studies suggested this was a measurement error caused by thermal gradients. In 2021, Martin Tajmar's group at the Dresden University of Technology replicated White's test, observing apparent thrusts similar to those measured by the NASA team, and then made them disappear again when measured using point suspension.
No other published experiment has measured apparent thrust greater than the experiment's margin of error. Tajmar's group published three papers in 2021 claiming that all published results showing thrust had been false positives, explaining each by outside forces. They concluded, "Our measurements refute all EmDrive claims by at least 3 orders of magnitude."
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical%20line%20test
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In mathematics, the vertical line test is a visual way to determine if a curve is a graph of a function or not. A function can only have one output, y, for each unique input, x. If a vertical line intersects a curve on an xy-plane more than once then for one value of x the curve has more than one value of y, and so, the curve does not represent a function. If all vertical lines intersect a curve at most once then the curve represents a function.
See also
Horizontal line test
Notes
Functions and mappings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streak%20plate
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Streak plate may refer to:
In streaking (microbiology), the plate used to incubate a culture and isolate a pure strain
In streak (mineralogy), the plate used to produce the powder of a mineral
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-16
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The PDP-16 (Programmed Data Processor-16) was mainly intended for industrial control systems, but with more capability than DEC's PDP-14.
Overview
The PDP-16 family of modules was introduced in 1971, and a pre-assembled system using these modules, the PDP-16/M was introduced in 1972. The 16/M was nicknamed "Subminicomputer" and described as "a small microprogrammable computer."
The general-purpose modules included:
components to build a data path (registers, memories, ALUs, etc.)
components to build a control structure (evoke an operation in the datapath, branch on a condition from the datapath, merge, etc.)
other components necessary to complete a digital system (lights, switches, bus termination, backplane, etc.)
The control structure was similar to a flow chart,
which was very familiar to software developers.
As a result, the PDP-16 opened up digital system design to those with experience writing software but less hardware design experience than was traditionally required for this work.
These modules were in the company's M series of Flip-Chip modules, which used TTL circuit technology.
The economic strength of the PDP-16 was that it was effective "for designing unique (or relatively low production volume) systems."
References
DEC computers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20Omics
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Molecular Omics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. It covers the interface between chemistry, the "omic" sciences, and systems biology. The editor-in-chief is Robert L. Moritz (Institute for Systems Biology).
Abstracting and indexing
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 4.212. The journal is abstracted and indexed in MEDLINE and the Science Citation Index.
References
External links
Biochemistry journals
Academic journals established in 2005
Royal Society of Chemistry academic journals
English-language journals
Bimonthly journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishon
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Rishon may refer to:
Rishonim, an era of Rabbis and Poskim
Rishon LeZion, a city in Israel
Rishon model, a preonic model of sub-quark particle physics.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweedle
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Tweedle may refer to:
Scientific slang for a preon in particle physics.
Tweedles (album), by The Residents 2006
Elizabeth Tweedle (born 1985), retired British artistic gymnast
Stanley H. Tweedle, major character in sci-fi TV series Lexx
See also
Tweedledum and Tweedledee
Tweedle Dee, Tweedle Dum (disambiguation)
Tweedle Dee (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping%20%28biology%29
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The idea of bootstrapping is significant in a number of fields in the biological sciences. The process by which a fertilised ovum develops into an embryo, particularly the way in which the nuclear genome is expressed differently in its various cells as these differentiate, is one example of bootstrapping. The evolution of progressively better adapted organs through natural selection in a lineage of organisms is another.
Some biologists, including Graham Cairns-Smith, believe that the origin of life itself may have been a bootstrap process as one or more systems of biological information storage formed the foundation for successor systems that ultimately supplanted them culminating in the emergence of our current DNA-based system.
See also
embryology
ontogeny and phylogeny
RNA World
Embryology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav%20Shwarts
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Stanislav Semenovich Shwarts (; 1919–1976) was a prominent Ukrainian-Soviet ecologist and zoologist. He was a full member (academician) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Biography
Shwarts was born in the city of Yekaterinoslav (current Dnipro, Ukraine). In 1937 he entered the department of biology at the Leningrad University. Because of World War II he graduated in 1942. In 1946 he presented his PhD thesis. Having received his doctorate degree (Russian degree called candidat nauk) he moved to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg). All his scientific life was linked with the Institute of Biology (now Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology) in Yekaterinburg where he defended his second thesis and became doctor of science in 1954. In 1955 he stood at the head of this Institute and made it one of the most prolific centers of ecology in the world. He also kept a professorship at the Ural State University.
Shwarts contributed into the evolution theory and chemical ecology of the sea fauna and proposed his own definition of the notion of population which enriched the ecological niche theory. He studied the relation between a human and the biosphere, he developed special methods for investigations in the ecology and was one of those scientists who argued the necessity of human ecology as a part of biology. In particular he developed the morphophisilogical indicators method in population ecology having incorporated the ecology into the evolution theory.
Shwarts owned a horse named Horsi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compu-Math%20series
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The Compu-Math series are mathematics tutorials developed and published by Edu-Ware Services in the 1980s. Each program in the Compu-Math series begins with a diagnostic Pre-Test, which presents learners with mathematics problems to determine their current skill level in the subject and then recommends the appropriate learning module. Each learning module begins by specifying the instructional objectives for that module and proceeds to teach those specific goals using shaping and cueing methods, and finishes by testing to verify that learners have indeed learned the skills being taught by the module.
After learners progress through all recommended learning modules and successfully solve the minimum number of randomly generated problems, the program provides a Post-Test, so that learners can see how much their mathematics skills have improved.
The Compu-Math series also provided the learner with controls for modifying the instructional environment, such as a special remedia learner setting, pass/fail levels, and allowable error rate prior to remediation.
Fractions
Compu-Math: Fractions was the first program created in the Compu-Math series, being introduced in Edu-Ware's March 1, 1980 catalog. Fractions six learning modules include tutorials on definitions, common and lowest denominators, fraction addition, fraction subtraction, fraction multiplication, and fraction division. Each module includes the use of both common fractions and mixed numbers.
Originally developed
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo%20Respighi
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Lorenzo Respighi (7 October 1824 – 10 December 1889) was an Italian mathematician and natural philosopher. Born at Cortemaggiore, Piacenza, to Luigi Respighi and Giuseppina Rossetti. He studied mathematics and natural philosophy, first at Parma and then at the University of Bologna, where he obtained his degree ad honorem in 1845.
From 1855 to 1864 he was director of the Astronomic Observatory of Bologna, and during these years he discovered three comets, #1862 IV, #1863 III and #1863 V.
In 1865 he was nominated director of the Astronomic Observatory of the Campidoglio, in Rome.
The crater Respighi on the Moon is named after him.
Sources
19th-century Italian mathematicians
1824 births
1889 deaths
University of Bologna alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Lowe%20Jr.
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Jack Lowe Jr. was born May 20, 1939, in Bloomfield, New Jersey, the son of Jack Lowe Sr. and his wife Harriet. Lowe Jr. grew up in Dallas and attended Highland Park High School. He graduated magna cum laude from Rice University in Electrical Engineering and served two years in the U.S. Navy before joining TDIndustries in 1964. TDIndustries has been recognized by Fortune Magazine as one of the Best Places to Work repeatedly because of the company's use of the servant-leadership model. Lowe Jr. furthered his father's legacy at TDIndustries and in the broader business community as a whole.
TDIndustries
By 1965, Lowe was low man in the Wholesale Division, and someone had pointed him in the direction of the fledgling apartment industry. He was selling cable heating for residences and a new unitary heating and cooling system for the new large apartment complexes. By the time TD brought GE’s new and better equipment into the Dallas market, unitary systems were considered a bad risk. The Lincoln Properties’ Willow Creek complex went with TD’s system, opening the apartment market to GE units.
Lincoln Properties ran a subsidiary called RCLP—Rockefeller, Crow, Lyle and Pogue—that did all of its mechanical work. Trammell wanted TD to take over all of the air conditioning, plumbing, and electrical in their apartment business. TD agreed to the air conditioning and later plumbing. The plumbers, heat and air crews formed a separate company in 1967 that would function as a franchis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikhomirov%20Scientific%20Research%20Institute%20of%20Instrument%20Design
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JSC V.V. Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (, , NIIP) is a joint stock company, one of the Russian enterprises in the development of weaponry control systems for fighter planes and mobile medium range anti-aircraft SAM defence vehicles.
History
The institute was created on March 1, 1955 as a branch of the Moscow NII-17 by the Ministry of Aircraft Industry of the USSR Council of Ministers (Resolution No. 2436-1005, September 18, 1954). In February 1956, the NII-17 branch was reorganized into an independent enterprise, commonly known as Scientific Research Institute for Instrumentation, or NIIP.
At present, NIIP is an enterprise with an industrial and economic infrastructure. The area occupied by the Institute is 42000 square meters.
Products and developments
Radar Control Systems
N007 Zaslon complex for MiG-31
Medium Range Air Defense Missile Systems
2K12 Kub missile system with 3M9 missile, 1958-1967 (Kvadrat export version) - NATO codename SA-6 "Gainful"
Kub-M1 through Kub-M4 modifications
9К37 Buk missile system with 9M38 missile - NATO codename SA-11 "Gadfly"
9К37М1 Buk-M1 (most common) with 9M38M1 missile
Ural (unfinished, only prototypes built) - NATO codename SA-17 "Grizzly"
9К317 Buk-M2 with 9M317 missile
9К37M1-2 Buk-M1-2 (Buk-M1 upgrade for the use of Buk-M2 missile)
9К317E Buk-M2E, recent export version of Buk-M2 ADM series featured at 2007 MAKS Airshow
9К317M Buk-M3, current version of Buk-M3 ADM series featured at 2013
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenestrane
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A fenestrane in organic chemistry is a type of chemical compound with a central quaternary carbon atom which serves as a common vertex for four fused carbocycles. They can be regarded as spiro compounds twice over. Because of their inherent strain and instability, fenestranes are of theoretical interest to chemists. The name—proposed in 1972 by Vlasios Georgian and Martin Saltzman—is derived from the Latin word for window, fenestra. Georgian had intended that "fenestrane" solely referred to [4.4.4.4]fenestrane, whose skeletal structure looks like windows, and Kenneth B. Wiberg called that specific structure "windowpane". The term fenestrane has since become generalized to refer to the whole class of molecules that have various other ring-sizes. Georgian recommended rosettane for the class, based on the structural appearance as a rosette of flowers.
Nomenclature and structure
Structures within this class of chemicals can be named according to the number of atoms in each ring in addition to the systematic nomenclature of IUPAC naming rules. The smallest member of the family, consisting of four fused cyclopropane rings, is [3.3.3.3]fenestrane, which has systematic name tetracyclo[2.1.0.01,3.02,5]pentane and is also called pyramidane. The next symmetric member, [4.4.4.4]fenestrane, has four cyclobutane rings fused, and has systematic name tetracyclo[3.3.1.03,9.07,9]nonane. The rings need not all be the same size as each other, so [4.4.4.5]fenestrane has three cyclobutane rings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonenaga%27s%20Atlantic%20spiny%20rat
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Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae) or torch-tail spiny rat is a spiny rat species endemic to Brazil. Locally, it is known as rabo de facho. Named for Yatiyo Yonenaga-Yassuda, a cytogenetics researcher, it is considered an endangered species due to its highly restricted distribution and ongoing habitat loss. Genetic evidence shows that it diverged from its closest living relative, the hairy Atlantic spiny rat, around 8.5 million years ago, during the Late Miocene.
Description
This is a comparatively small spiny rat, with an average head and body length of and a tail that averages long. It has large hind feet which, together with the long tail, are likely related to the fact that it mainly moves by hopping. The ears are also unusually large, as are the bony structures surrounding the inner ear. The fur is near-white on the underparts, but is otherwise grey in infants, changing to a richer brown colour as the animal reaches adulthood. Despite the name, the fur is mostly soft, although there are longer, flexible, dark-coloured bristles scattered across the body that correspond to the spines on most other spiny rats. An enlarged and modified sebaceous gland is present near the anus, and produces a secretion described as having a "tutti-frutti-like" odour.
Distribution and habitat
Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat is known only from an approximately stretch of the west bank of the São Francisco River in Bahia state, Brazil. This region is covered by sandy dunes on
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusher%20%28robot%29
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Crusher is a autonomous off-road Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle developed by researchers at the Carnegie Mellon University's National Robotics Engineering Center for DARPA. It is a follow-up on the previous Spinner vehicle. DARPA's technical name for the Crusher is Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle and Perceptor Integration System, and the whole project is known by the acronym UPI, which stands for Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle PerceptOR Integration.
Capabilities
The robot can travel over rough terrain, such as vertical walls more than high, wooded slopes, and rocky creekbeds. It can turn 180 degrees in place, raise and lower its suspension by , more than one-half the diameter of the wheels, and lean to the side. The Crusher can carry of combined armor and cargo. According to Stephen Welby, director of DARPA's Tactical Technology Office, "This vehicle can go into places where, if you were following in a Humvee, you'd come out with spinal injuries." The Crusher can see enemy troops from over away with its cameras. The Crusher can climb up slopes of more than 40 degrees and travel with more than 30 degrees of slope to the side. When pushed to its maximum speed, the Crusher can travel at , but it can only sustain that speed for less than seven seconds.
Construction
These robots have space frames (made of aluminum and titanium) and skid plates to protect the robot from heavy blows from objects like boulders. The Crusher also has a hybrid engine capable of travelling severa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford%20Taubes
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Clifford Henry Taubes (born February 21, 1954) is the William Petschek Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University and works in gauge field theory, differential geometry, and low-dimensional topology. His brother is the journalist Gary Taubes.
Early career
Taubes received his PhD in physics in 1980 under the direction of Arthur Jaffe, having proven results collected in about the existence of solutions to the Landau–Ginzburg vortex equations and the Bogomol'nyi monopole equations.
Soon, he began applying his gauge-theoretic expertise to pure mathematics. His work on the boundary of the moduli space of solutions to the Yang-Mills equations was used by Simon Donaldson in his proof of Donaldson's theorem. He proved in that R4 has an uncountable number of smooth structures (see also exotic R4), and (with Raoul Bott in ) proved Witten's rigidity theorem on the elliptic genus.
Work based on Seiberg–Witten theory
In a series of four long papers in the 1990s (collected in ), Taubes proved that, on a closed symplectic four-manifold, the (gauge-theoretic) Seiberg–Witten invariant is equal to an invariant which enumerates certain pseudoholomorphic curves and is now known as Taubes's Gromov invariant. This fact improved mathematicians' understanding of the topology of symplectic four-manifolds.
More recently (in ), by using Seiberg–Witten Floer homology as developed by Peter Kronheimer and Tomasz Mrowka together with some new estimates on the spectral flow of Dirac operators
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliyahu%20Essas
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Rabbi Eliyahu Essas (, , Ilya Tsvievich Essas; born 1946) is a former leader of Soviet Jewry and one of the founders of Baal Teshuva movement in the Soviet Union. He lives in Jerusalem. Essas became interested in Human Rights and Jewish cause, while studying Mathematics in Vilnius University.
Refusenik
In 1973. he applied to the Soviet authorities to make Aliyah to Israel. He was refused on the grounds of his wife having a security sensitive job.
While living in Moscow, Essas spent his time building an Orthodox Jewish Community. He created a network of Torah studies, children underground education and summer camps.
In January 1986, after political deals between Edgar Bronfman, Chairman of the World Jewish Congress, and the Soviet authorities, Essas' family moved to Israel.
Later activity
In 1988, Essas stood for election to the Knesset with the Degel HaTorah party.
Since 1999, Rabbi Essas works for Aish Hatorah in Jerusalem and is a founder of the Jewish Russian website evrey.com
Bibliography
Zakon, Miriam Stark, Silent Revolution - Story of Rabbi Eliyahu Essas and Russian Torah Network (Artscroll/Mesorah, 1992)
Learn Torah, Love Torah, Live Torah: Harav Mordechai Pinchos Teitz, the Quintessential Rabbi, by Rivkah Teitz Blau, Chap. 13 (Ktav 2001)
External links
Rabbi Essas' website
1946 births
Living people
Politicians from Vilnius
Israeli Orthodox rabbis
Soviet dissidents
Soviet rabbis
Refuseniks
20th-century Lithuanian rabbis
21st-century rabbis in Jerusalem
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20of%20Neurobiology
|
The Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology was a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Martinsried, a suburb of Munich in Germany. It existed between 1984 and 2022 and merged with the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology to the new, joint Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence in 2023.
Research at the former MPI of Neurobiology centered on the basic mechanisms and functions of the developing and adult nervous system. Main focus areas include the mechanisms of information processing and storage. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft).
History and current developments
It was created as "Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie" (DFA) in 1917, and incorporated into the Kaiser Wilhelm Society 1925 as the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Psychiatry. In 1954, the institute became affiliated with the Max Planck Society and became the "Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DFA)". A few years later, the institute was divided into a Clinical and a Theoretical Institute. In 1984, the Theoretical Institute moved to Martinsried (Planegg), southwest of Munich. In 1998, the Theoretical and the Clinical parts of this institute segregated and the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology became an independent institute. In January 2023, the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology and the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology merged to form the new Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (MPI-BI).
Scientific Focus
Scientific r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf%20Seilacher
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Adolf "Dolf" Seilacher (February 24, 1925 – April 26, 2014) was a German palaeontologist who worked in evolutionary and ecological palaeobiology for over 60 years. He is best known for his contributions to the study of trace fossils; constructional morphology and structuralism; biostratinomy, Lagerstätten and the Ediacaran biota.
Career
Seilacher worked for his doctorate under Otto Heinrich Schindewolf, at the University of Tübingen. He was also influenced by local palaeontologist Otto Linck. He served in World War II and resumed his studies at Tübingen, corresponding with the French ichnologist, Jacques Lessertisseur. Gaining his doctorate in 1951 on trace fossils, Seilacher moved to the University of Frankfurt (1957) and then the University of Baghdad before taking up a chair in palaeontology in Göttingen. He returned to Tübingen in 1964 as the successor to Schindewolf. After 1987 he held an Adjunct Professorship at Yale University.
Significant work
Seilacher's publications are numerous (well over 200) and cover a range of topics. His studies on trace fossils are perhaps his best-known contributions, especially his 1967 work on the bathymetry of trace fossils. Here he established the concept of ichnofacies: distinctive assemblages of trace fossils controlled largely by depth. This characterisation was later expanded to include the influences of substrate, oxygen, salinity and so on. In addition, he analysed many trace fossils in terms of the behaviour they represent
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANNNI%20model
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In statistical physics, the axial (or anisotropic) next-nearest neighbor Ising model, usually known as the ANNNI model, is a variant of the Ising model. In the ANNNI model, competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions couple spins at nearest and next-nearest neighbor sites along one of the crystallographic axes of the lattice.
The model is a prototype for complicated spatially modulated magnetic superstructures in
crystals.
To describe experimental results on magnetic orderings in erbium, the model was introduced in 1961 by Roger Elliott from the University of Oxford. The model has given its name in 1980 by Michael E. Fisher and Walter Selke, who analysed it first by Monte Carlo methods, and then by low temperature series expansions, showing the fascinating complexity of its phase diagram, including devil's staircases and a Lifshitz point. Indeed, it provides, for two- and three-dimensional systems, a theoretical basis for understanding numerous experimental observations on commensurate and incommensurate structures, as well as accompanying phase transitions, in various magnets, alloys, adsorbates, polytypes, multiferroics, and other solids.
Further possible applications range from modeling of cerebral cortex to quantum information.
References
Statistical mechanics
Lattice models
Spin models
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne%20Stevens%20%28software%20engineer%29
|
Wayne P. Stevens (1944 - 1993) was an American software engineer, consultant, author, pioneer, and advocate of the practical application of software methods and tools.
Life & Work
Stevens grew up in Missouri, spent two years in India, where he attended the Woodstock School, and earned his M.S. in Electrical Engineering from MIT in 1967. He eventually became the chief architect of application development methodology for IBM's consulting group. The annual Stevens Award Lecture on Software Development Methods is named after him.
He belonged to the IEEE and the ACM as well as the following honorary societies: Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Eta Kappa Nu.
He wrote a seminal paper on Structured Design, with Larry Constantine and Glenford Myers, and was the author of a number of books and articles on application design methodologies. He also worked with John Paul Morrison to refine and promote the concepts of what is now called Flow-based programming, including descriptions of FBP in several of these references.
Publications
Stevens published several articles and books, including:
1982. How Data Flow can Improve Application Development Productivity, IBM System Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2.
1981. Using Structured Design: How to make Programs Simple, Changeable, Flexible and Reusable, John Wiley and Sons.
1985. Using Data Flow for Application Development. Byte
1990. Software Design - Concepts and Methods, Practical Software Engineering Series, Ed. Allen Macro, Prentice Hall.
Artic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Journal%20of%20Chemistry
|
The New Journal of Chemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research and review articles on all aspects of chemistry. It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry on behalf of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). It was established as Nouveau Journal de Chimie in 1977, acquiring its current title in 1999. The current editors-in-chief is Jean-François Gérard (INSA Lyon). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.591.
Article types
Research papers: which contain original scientific work that has not been published previously
Letters: original scientific work that is of an urgent nature and that has not been published previously
Perspectives: invited from younger prize-winning scientists who present their work and ideas, setting these in the context of the work of others
Interfaces: written by pairs of collaborating scientists from different disciplines on their common field of research, to demonstrate the benefits of collaborative research and facilitate dialogue between communities
See also
List of scientific journals in chemistry
References
External links
New Journal of Chemistry CNRS website
Chemistry journals
Royal Society of Chemistry academic journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1976
French National Centre for Scientific Research
Monthly journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Thomas%20%28Canadian%20scientist%29
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David Thomas is the Chair of Biochemistry at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. His research interests include cell signaling pathways and their role in infectious diseases and molecular chaperone systems in the endoplasmic reticulum.
References
External links
http://www.mcgill.ca/biochemistry/about-us/department/faculty-members/thomas
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of McGill University
Canadian biochemists
Alumni of University College London
Canadian geneticists
Scientists from Montreal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20calculus%20and%20cohomological%20physics
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In mathematics, secondary calculus is a proposed expansion of classical differential calculus on manifolds, to the "space" of solutions of a (nonlinear) partial differential equation. It is a sophisticated theory at the level of jet spaces and employing algebraic methods.
Secondary calculus
Secondary calculus acts on the space of solutions of a system of partial differential equations (usually non-linear equations). When the number of independent variables is zero, i.e. the equations are algebraic ones, secondary calculus reduces to classical differential calculus.
All objects in secondary calculus are cohomology classes of differential complexes growing on diffieties. The latter are, in the framework of secondary calculus, the analog of smooth manifolds.
Cohomological physics
Cohomological physics was born with Gauss's theorem, describing the electric charge contained inside a given surface in terms of the flux of the electric field through the surface itself. Flux is the integral of a differential form and, consequently, a de Rham cohomology class. It is not by chance that formulas of this kind, such as the well known Stokes formula, though being a natural part of classical differential calculus, have entered in modern mathematics from physics.
Classical analogues
All the constructions in classical differential calculus have an analog in secondary calculus. For instance, higher symmetries of a system of partial differential equations are the analog of vector field
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paley%20construction
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In mathematics, the Paley construction is a method for constructing Hadamard matrices using finite fields. The construction was described in 1933 by the English mathematician Raymond Paley.
The Paley construction uses quadratic residues in a finite field GF(q) where q is a power of an odd prime number. There are two versions of the construction depending on whether q is congruent to 1 or 3 (mod 4).
Quadratic character and Jacobsthal matrix
Let q be a power of an odd prime. In the finite field GF(q) the quadratic character χ(a) indicates whether the element a is zero, a non-zero perfect square, or a non-square:
For example, in GF(7) the non-zero squares are 1 = 12 = 62, 4 = 22 = 52, and 2 = 32 = 42. Hence χ(0) = 0, χ(1) = χ(2) = χ(4) = 1, and χ(3) = χ(5) = χ(6) = −1.
The Jacobsthal matrix Q for GF(q) is the q×q matrix with rows and columns indexed by finite field elements such that the entry in row a and column b is χ(a − b). For example, in GF(7), if the rows and columns of the Jacobsthal matrix are indexed by the field elements 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, then
The Jacobsthal matrix has the properties Q QT = q I − J and Q J = J Q = 0 where I is the q×q identity matrix and J is the q×q all 1 matrix. If q is congruent to 1 (mod 4) then −1 is a square in GF(q)
which implies that Q is a symmetric matrix. If q is congruent to 3 (mod 4) then −1 is not a square, and Q is a
skew-symmetric matrix. When q is a prime number and rows and columns are indexed by field elements in the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photochemical%20and%20Photobiological%20Sciences
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Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all areas of photochemistry and photobiology. It was established in 2002 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology. The editors-in-chief are Dario Bassani (University of Bordeaux) and Rex Tyrrell (University of Bath).
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 4.328.
See also
Chemical biology
References
External links
European Photochemistry Association
European Society for Photobiology
Chemistry journals
Biology journals
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Academic journals established in 2002
Monthly journals
English-language journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Sikhs
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Sikh ( or ; , ) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. The term has its origin in the Sanskrit term , meaning "disciple, learner" or , meaning "instruction".
Academia
Deep Saini, Vice Chancellor at McGill University
Biology
Baldev Singh Dhillon
Gurcharan Singh Kalkat
Kartar Singh Thind
Khem Singh Gill
Mohinder Singh Randhawa
Narinder Singh Randhawa
Sardul Singh Guraya
Economics
Manmohan Singh
Sucha Singh Gill
Medicine
Baldev Singh
Daljit Singh
David Shannahoff-Khalsa, prolific researcher on the psychiatric applications of Kundalini Yoga based at the Biocircuits Institute at the University of California, San Diego.
Gagandeep Kang
Jaswant Singh Neki
Harpal Kumar, Chief Executive of Cancer Research UK
Harminder Dua, discovered a previously unknown layer lurking in the human eye named the "dua's layer".
Harpinder Singh Chawla
Harvinder Sahota, cardiologist; invented the FDA-approved Perfusion Balloon Angioplasty and holds patents of 24 other medical inventions.
Jasbir Singh Bajaj
Khem Singh Grewal
Khushdeva Singh
Kirpal Singh Chugh
M. M. S. Ahuja
Prithipal Singh Maini
Sahib Singh Sokhey
Sat Bir Singh Khalsa, Harvard Universitybased researcher of Kundalini Yoga and an authority on the field of yoga research.
Tarlochan Singh Kler
Physics
Manjit Singh (armament scientist)
Narinder Singh Kapany, physicist, specializing in fiber optics. He was named as one of the seven "Unsung Heroes" by Fortune Magazine in its Businessmen of the Century (November 22, 1999)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable%20Database%20Image
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The Portable Database Image, also known as .pdi file, is a proprietary loss-less format designed for analytics, publishing and syndication of complex data. The .pdi format, generation process, and GUI, were invented by Dr. Reimar Hofmann and Dr. Michael Haft from Siemens AG Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning.
The .pdi footprint is typically 100 to 1000 times smaller than the footprint normally found in structured data files or database systems, and is rendered without any loss of detail. The word portable in the name derives from the idea that the smaller footprint allows a .pdi runs in the main memory of a user's’ computer without disk or network input/output (IO).
The .pdi is a digitally rights protected, encrypted data source that can be accessed by any ODBO (OLE DB for OLAP) compliant OLAP tool, including Microsoft Excel and the Panoratio's Explorer GUI.
The .pdi presents detailed discrete or binned data without pre-calculation or cardinality reduction. It allows for real-time correlation and relationship exploration of unrestricted bounds — throughout all dimensions. They (.pdi’s) have been tested in excess of 5,000 dimensions and 500 million rows of information, with query response times in the .1 to 8 second range.
Additionally, because of patented techniques used in .pdi generation, patterns found in the data are summarily exposed, allowing for instant predictive and descriptive data mining. Yield optimizations, segmentation, outcome optimizations an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Klein%20%28mathematician%29
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David Klein is a professor of Mathematics at California State University in Northridge. He is an advocate of increasingly rigorous treatment of mathematics in school curricula and a frequently cited opponent of reforms based on the NCTM standards. One of the participants in the founding of Mathematically Correct, Klein appears regularly in the Math Wars.
Klein, who is a member of the U.S. Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel, supports the BDS movement which seeks to impose comprehensive boycotts against Israel until it meets its obligations under international law. Klein hosts a webpage supportive of the BDS movement on his university website and, starting in 2011, it became the target of numerous complaints from the pro-Israel groups AMCHA Initiative, Shurat HaDin, and the Global Frontier Justice Center who claimed that it constituted a misuse of state resources. The complaints were dismissed both by the university's staff and by legal authorities as baseless.
Concordant with his support for the BDS movement, Klein defended University of Michigan associate professor John Cheney-Lippold's decision to decline to write a letter of recommendation to a student who planned to study in Israel.
Klein is the director of CSUNs Climate Science Program.
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Open Letter to Governor Schwarzenegger and Members of the California Legislature in support of California's Standards System for K-12 Education
Why Johnny Can't Ca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Glimm
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James Gilbert Glimm (born March 24, 1934) is an American mathematician, former president of the American Mathematical Society, and distinguished professor at Stony Brook University. He has made many contributions in the areas of pure and applied mathematics.
Life and career
James Glimm was born in Peoria, Illinois, United States on March 24, 1934. He received his BA in engineering from Columbia University in 1956. He continued on to graduate school at Columbia where he received his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1959; his advisor was Richard V. Kadison. Glimm was at New York University, and at Rockefeller University, before arriving at Stony Brook University in 1989.
He has been noted for contributions to C*-algebras, quantum field theory, partial differential equations, fluid dynamics, scientific computing, and the modeling of petroleum reservoirs. Together with Arthur Jaffe, he has founded a subject called constructive quantum field theory. His early work in the theory of operator algebras was seminal, and today the "Glimm algebras" that bear his name continue to play an important role in this area of research. More recently, the United States Department of Energy adopted Glimm's front-track methodology for shock-wave calculations, e.g., simulating weapons performance.
Glimm was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1984. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1970 at Nice and a Plenary Speaker of the ICM in 1974 at Vancouver. In 1993, Glimm was awarded the Leroy P.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20M.%20Mrak
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Emil Marcel Mrak (October 27, 1901 – April 9, 1987) was an American food scientist, microbiologist, and second chancellor of the University of California, Davis. He was recognized internationally for his work in food preservation and as a world authority on the biology of yeasts.
Biography
Early years
Mrak was born in San Francisco, California to a Croatian family, but did not grow up in that city. Instead, he was raised in the rural orchards of the Santa Clara Valley. He graduated from Campbell High School in Campbell, then went on to receive a B.S. degree in Food Technology in 1926, M.S. degree in 1928, and Ph.D. degree in botany and mycology in 1936 from the University of California, Berkeley. While an undergraduate at Berkeley, Mrak was a member of the Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity.
Career
Mrak was appointed as an instructor in food technology at UC Berkeley in 1937 and became professor and department chairman in 1948. In 1951, he led the move of the department to its current location at UC Davis, and was later appointed chancellor in 1959. He was the first food scientist to ever be named president or chancellor of a college or university. The only other food scientist to have this honor is James L. Oblinger, chancellor of the North Carolina State University in Raleigh from 2005 to 2009.
Mrak was recommended to UC President Clark Kerr by Harry R. Wellman. Kerr had to bring Mrak before the board three times in order to secure their reluctant approval of his appointment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Meisch
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Claude Meisch (born 27 November 1971, in Pétange) is a Luxembourg politician with a degree in financial mathematics from Trier university. Meisch was appointed Minister of Education in 2013 in the government of Xavier Bettel. He has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1999 to 2013 and Mayor of Differdange since 2002. He was President of the Democratic Party (DP) from 2004 until 2013, of which he has been a member since 1994.
Born in Pétange, in the south-west of the country, Meisch attended the town's Lycée technique Mathias-Adam, before studying at the University of Trier, in Germany. After graduating, he worked for the private Banque de Luxembourg. Meisch was Vice-President of the Democratic and Liberal Youth, the DP's youth wing, from 1995 until 2000.
Meisch ran for the Chamber of Deputies, to represent Sud, in the 1999 election. Meisch finished sixth amongst DP candidates, with the top four being elected. However, the election saw the DP become kingmakers, giving them enough leverage over the Christian Social People's Party (CSV) to allow them to appoint seven Democratic deputies, including Henri Grethen and Eugène Berger, to the new government. Grethen insisted that Berger be appointed along with him, specifically so that Meisch could enter the Chamber. With Grethen and Berger required to vacate their seats to take up their government positions, Meisch filled in the gap and entered the Chamber of Deputies on 12 August 1999.
In the 2004 legislative elect
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Lane%20%28physicist%29
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Kenneth Douglas Lane is an American theoretical particle physicist and professor of physics at Boston University. Lane is best known for his role in the development of extended technicolor models of physics beyond the Standard Model.
Career
Lane received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. in physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and was a student of Chung Wook Kim at Johns Hopkins University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1970.
His physics research focuses on the problems of electroweak and flavor symmetry breaking. With Estia J. Eichten, Lane co-invented extended technicolor. He and Eichten also contributed to early work on charmonium with Kurt Gottfried, Tom Kinoshita and Tung-Mow Yan.
In 1984 he coauthored "Supercollider Physics" (with Eichten, Ian Hinchliffe and Chris Quigg), which has strongly influenced the quest for future discoveries at hadron colliders such as the Fermilab Tevatron the SSC, and the LHC at CERN. In 2011 Dr Lane with Chris Quigg, Estia Eichten, and Ian Hinchliffe won the J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics "For their work, separately and collectively, to chart a course of the exploration of TeV scale physics using multi-TeV hadron colliders"
He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1990 "for original contributions to the theory of electroweak symmetry breaking and Supercollider physics"
References
External links
Profile at Boston University.
Lane's publications on SPIRES.
Year of birth missing (living peop
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Sears
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Francis Weston Sears (October 1, 1898 – November 12, 1975) was an American physicist. He was a professor of physics at MIT for 35 years before moving to Dartmouth College in 1956. At Dartmouth, Sears was the Appleton Professor of Physics. He is best known for co-authoring University Physics, an introductory physics textbook, with Mark Zemansky. The book, first published in 1949, is often referred to as "Sears and Zemansky", although Hugh Young became a coauthor in 1973.
In 1932 he collaborated with Peter Debye in the discovery of what is now called the Debye–Sears effect, the diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves.
Sears was a fellow of the Optical Society of America, and was active in the American Association of Physics Teachers, serving as its treasurer from 1950 to 1958, followed by successive one-year terms as president-elect and president. He retired to Norwich, Vermont and died in Hanover, New Hampshire, of a stroke on November 12, 1975.
Awards
1961 — Oersted Medal of the American Association of Physics Teachers
Books
Sears, Francis W. (1946). Electricity and Magnetism. Reading, Massachusetts. Addison-Wesley
2nd edition, 1953
Sears, Francis W. (1950). Mechanics, heat and sound. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Addison Wesley.
See also
MIT Physics Department
References
1898 births
1975 deaths
20th-century American physicists
American textbook writers
American male non-fiction writers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Tec
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Sadoway
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Donald Robert Sadoway (born 7 March 1950) is professor emeritus of materials chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a noted expert on batteries and has done significant research on how to improve the performance and longevity of portable power sources. In parallel, he is an expert on the extraction of metals from their ores and the inventor of molten oxide electrolysis, which has the potential to produce crude steel without the use of carbon reductant thereby totally eliminating greenhouse gas emissions.
Background
Sadoway was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He did both his undergraduate and graduate studies at the University of Toronto, receiving his PhD in 1977. There he focused his studies on chemical metallurgy. He also served on the National Executive of the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union (SUSK) from 1972–1974. In 1977, he received a NATO postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Council of Canada and came to MIT to conduct his postdoctoral research under Julian Szekely. Sadoway joined the MIT faculty in 1978. On 19 June 2013, Sadoway was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Engineering by the University of Toronto in recognition of his contributions to sustainable energy and sustainable metal production as well as to higher education both in curriculum and in teaching style. In 2014, Sadoway received an honorary doctorate from NTNU, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Research
As a researcher, Sadoway has focused on
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAR%20domain
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In molecular biology, BAR domains are highly conserved protein dimerisation domains that occur in many proteins involved in membrane dynamics in a cell. The BAR domain is banana-shaped and binds to membrane via its concave face. It is capable of sensing membrane curvature by binding preferentially to curved membranes. BAR domains are named after three proteins that they are found in: Bin, Amphiphysin and Rvs.
BAR domains occur in combinations with other domains
Many BAR family proteins contain alternative lipid specificity domains that help target these protein to particular membrane compartments. Some also have SH3 domains that bind to dynamin and thus proteins like amphiphysin and endophilin are implicated in the orchestration of vesicle scission.
N-BAR domain
Some BAR domain containing proteins have an N-terminal amphipathic helix preceding the BAR domain. This helix inserts (like in the epsin ENTH domain) into the membrane and induces curvature, which is stabilised by the BAR dimer. Amphiphysin, endophilin, BRAP1/bin2 and nadrin are examples of such proteins containing an N-BAR. The Drosophila amphiphysin N-BAR (DA-N-BAR) is an example of a protein with a preference for negatively charged surfaces.
Human proteins containing this domain
AMPH; ARHGAP17; ARHGAP44; BIN1; BIN2; BIN3;
SH3BP1; SH3GL1; SH3GL2; SH3GL3; SH3GLB1; SH3GLB2.
F-BAR (EFC) domain
F-BAR domains (for FCH-BAR, or EFC for Extended FCH Homology) are BAR domains that are extensions of the already establ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvatore%20Pansino
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Salvatore Rocco Vincent Pansino is a professor of electrical engineering at Youngstown State University in Youngstown, Ohio. In 1992, he ran against Congressman Jim Traficant as the Republican candidate in Ohio's 17th congressional district, losing the race.
Pansino received a B.S. in electrical engineering from Carnegie Mellon University in 1957, an M.S. in physics from Franklin & Marshall College in 1961, a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Carnegie Mellon University in 1968, and an LL.B. in law from La Salle Extension. He worked for a while at Babcock & Wilcox, which makes nuclear parts for nuclear industry. He is proudest of his concentric water flow design to filter radioactive particles from water. For a while he worked for Bailey Controls working various projects. He later left the industry to teach which is his passion, compared to dealing with people and projects for companies.
Pansino teaches classes pertaining to Maxwell's Equations, including Electromagnetic Fields 1 and 2 including lab work, Energy Conversions, and Signals and Systems.
On April 27, 2017, Pansino was acknowledged for 35 years of service during the Third Annual STEM Honors Convocation held at Youngstown State University.
See also
Youngstown State University
James Traficant
References
External links
Dr. Salvatore Rocco Vincent Pansino
Engineers from Ohio
Carnegie Mellon University College of Engineering alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Franklin & Marshall
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n%20P%C3%A1l%20Dienes
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Zoltán Pál Dienes (anglicized as Zoltan Paul Dienes) (September 11, 1916 – January 11, 2014) was a Hungarian mathematician whose ideas on education (especially of small children) have been popular in some countries.
He was a world-famous theorist and tireless practitioner of the "new mathematics": an approach to mathematics learning that uses games, songs, and dance to make it more appealing to children. He is credited with the creation of Base ten blocks, popularly referred to as Dienes blocks.
Dienes's life and ideas are described in his autobiography, Memoirs of a Maverick Mathematician (), and his book of mathematical games, I Will Tell You Algebra Stories You've Never Heard Before (). He has also published a book of poetry, Calls from the Past ().
His later life contributions have been chronicled by Bharath Sriraman in the second monograph of The Montana Mathematics Enthusiast.
References
Conese, Antonio, (2016). L'insegnamento della matematica, IlMioLibro, Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso,
External links
Hungarian educators
1916 births
20th-century Hungarian mathematicians
2014 deaths
20th-century Hungarian poets
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty%20of%20Electrical%20Engineering%20and%20Computing%2C%20University%20of%20Zagreb
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The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (, abbr: FER) is a faculty of the University of Zagreb. It is the largest technical faculty and the leading educational as well as research-and-development institution in the fields of electrical engineering and computing in Croatia.
FER owns four buildings situated in the Zagreb neighbourhood of Martinovka, Trnje. The total area of the site is . , the Faculty employs more than 160 professors and 210 teaching and research assistants. In the academic year 2010/2011, the total number of students was about 3,800 in the undergraduate and graduate level, and about 450 in the PhD program.
As of academic year 2004./2005., when the implementation of the Bologna process started at the University of Zagreb, the faculty has two baccalaureus programmes (each lasting 3 years):
Electrical engineering and information technology
Computing
After receiving a bachelor's degree, students can take part in one of three master's programmes:
Electrical engineering and information technology, with the following profiles:
Audio Technologies and Electroacoustics
Electrical Power Engineering
Electronic and Computer Engineering
Electronics
Electric Machines, Drives and Automation
Information and communication technology, with the following profiles:
Control System and Robotics
Information and Communication Engineering
Communication and Space Technologies
Computing, with the following profiles
Software Engineering and Information Syste
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