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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%20Me%20and%20My%20Gal%20%28film%29
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For Me and My Gal is a 1942 American musical film directed by Busby Berkeley, and starring Judy Garland, George Murphy, Martha Eggerth, Ben Blue and Gene Kelly in his film debut. The film was written by Richard Sherman, Fred F. Finklehoffe and Sid Silvers, based on a story by Howard Emmett Rogers inspired by a true story about vaudeville actors Harry Palmer and Jo Hayden, when Palmer was drafted into World War I. The film was a production of the Arthur Freed unit at MGM.
Plot
In the heyday of vaudeville, on the verge of America's entrance into World War I, two talented performers, Jo Hayden (Judy Garland) and Harry Palmer (Gene Kelly), set their sights on playing the Palace Theatre on Broadway, the epitome of vaudeville success, and marrying immediately after.
Just weeks before their plans are to be realized Harry gets a draft notice. Intending to obtain a short delay before reporting for duty, he intentionally smashes his hand in a trunk. That same day Jo is notified that her brother, who had been studying to be a doctor, has died in the war.
When she realizes what Harry has done, she rejects him and leaves the act. Harry then tries to undo his rash act and enlist, but none of the armed services will take him as his hand has been permanently crippled. Eventually, he resigns himself to participating in the war effort the only way left open to him, entertaining front-line troops for the YMCA.
When he and his partner find themselves dangerously close to the front, Harry he
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-amino%20acid%20oxidase
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D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO; also OXDA, DAMOX) is an enzyme with the function on a molecular level to oxidize D-amino acids to the corresponding α-keto acids, producing ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. This results in a number of physiological effects in various systems, most notably the brain. The enzyme is most active toward neutral D-amino acids, and not active toward acidic D-amino acids. One of its most important targets in mammals is D-Serine in the central nervous system. By targeting this and other D-amino acids in vertebrates, DAAO is important in detoxification. The role in microorganisms is slightly different, breaking down D-amino acids to generate energy.
DAAO is expressed in a wide range of species from yeasts to human. It is not present in plants or in bacteria which instead use D-amino acid dehydrogenase. DAAO in humans is a candidate susceptibility gene and together with G72 may play a role in the glutamatergic mechanisms of schizophrenia. DAAO also plays a role in both biotechnological and medical advancements. Risperidone and sodium benzoate are inhibitors of DAAO.
D-amino acid oxidase is different from diamine oxidase that are both sometimes referred to as DAO.
History
In 1935, Hans Adolf Krebs discovered D-amino acid oxidase after an experiment with porcine kidney homogenates and amino acids. Shortly after, Warburg and Christian observed the oxidase had a FAD cofactor making it the second flavoenzyme to be discovered. In the upcoming years other scientist
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilltop%20algorithm
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The Hilltop algorithm is an algorithm used to find documents relevant to a particular keyword topic in news search. Created by Krishna Bharat while he was at Compaq Systems Research Center and George A. Mihăilă University of Toronto, it was acquired by Google for use in its news results in February 2003.
When you enter a query or keyword into the Google news search engine, the Hilltop algorithm helps to find relevant keywords whose results are more informative about the query or keyword.
The algorithm operates on a special index of expert documents. These are pages that are about a specific topic and have links to many non-affiliated pages on that topic. The original algorithm relied on independent directories with categorized links to sites. Results are ranked based on the match between the query and relevant descriptive text for hyperlinks on expert pages pointing to a given result page. Websites which have backlinks from many of the best expert pages are authorities and are ranked well.
Basically, it looks at the relationship between the "expert" and "authority" pages: an "expert" is a page that links to many other relevant documents; an "authority" is a page that has links pointing to it from the "expert" pages. Here they mean pages about a specific topic with links to many non-affiliated pages on that topic. If a website has backlinks from many of the best expert pages it will be an "authority".
See also
PageRank
TrustRank
HITS algorithm
Domain Authority
Search
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamora%20Municipality%2C%20Miranda
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Zamora is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2011 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 187,075. The town of Guatire is the municipal seat of the Zamora Municipality.
Name
The municipality is one of several named "Zamora Municipality" for the 19th century Venezuelan soldier Ezequiel Zamora.
History
The region was historically an agricultural area that cultivated various export products. The population of Guatire has increased rapidly in recent years as an east suburb of Caracas.
Geography
The municipality's northern border, separating it from Vargas, is the east part of the Costa (or Caribe) Mountain Range, while the lower Caraballo Ridge comprises its southern border. Grande River (also called Guarenas River or Caucagua River) runs from the west to the southeast. Guatire, the municipality's shire town, is located near the western border.
Demographics
The Zamora Municipality, according to a 2011 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 187,075 (up from 152,422 in 2001). This amounts to 7% of the state's population. The municipality's population density in 2011 was .
Government
The mayor of the Zamora Municipality is Raziel Rodriguez, elected in 2021 for 2021-2025 tenure with 46,97% of the vote. The municipality is divided into two parishes; Guatire and Bolívar.
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequencing%20by%20hybridization
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Sequencing by hybridization is a class of methods for determining the order in which nucleotides occur on a strand of DNA. Typically used for looking for small changes relative to a known DNA sequence.
The binding of one strand of DNA to its complementary strand in the DNA double-helix (known as hybridization) is sensitive to even single-base mismatches when the hybrid region is short or if specialized mismatch detection proteins are present. This is exploited in a variety of ways, most notably via DNA chips or microarrays with thousands to billions of synthetic oligonucleotides found in a genome of interest plus many known variations or even all possible single-base variations.
The type of sequencing by hybridization described above has largely been displaced by other methods, including sequencing by synthesis, and sequencing by ligation (as well as pore-based methods). However hybridization of oligonucleotides is still used in some sequencing schemes, including hybridization-assisted pore-based sequencing, and reversible hybridization.
Examples of commercial systems
Affymetrix (true sequencing-by-hybridization)
NABsys (Hybridization-assisted pore-based sequencing)
Complete Genomics Inc. (reversible-hybridization of probes that call-out a single base with each hybridization)
See also
Sequencing by ligation
References
DNA sequencing
Laboratory techniques
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betti
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Betti may refer to:
People
Betti (given name)
Betti (surname)
Other uses
Betti number in topology, named for Enrico Betti
Betti's theorem in engineering theory, named for Enrico Betti
Betti reaction, a chemical addition reaction
See also
Beti (disambiguation)
Betty (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor%20effect
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In statistics, a floor effect (also known as a basement effect) arises when a data-gathering instrument has a lower limit to the data values it can reliably specify. This lower limit is known as the "floor". The "floor effect" is one type of scale attenuation effect; the other scale attenuation effect is the "ceiling effect". Floor effects are occasionally encountered in psychological testing, when a test designed to estimate some psychological trait has a minimum standard score that may not distinguish some test-takers who differ in their responses on the test item content. Giving preschool children an IQ test designed for adults would likely show many of the test-takers with scores near the lowest standard score for adult test-takers (IQ 40 on most tests that were currently normed as of 2010). To indicate differences in current intellectual functioning among young children, IQ tests specifically for young children are developed, on which many test-takers can score well above the floor score. An IQ test designed to help assess intellectually disabled persons might intentionally be designed with easier item content and a lower floor score to better distinguish among individuals taking the test as part of an assessment process.
See also
Ceiling effect (statistics)
References
Further reading
Everitt, B.S. (2002) The Cambridge dictionary of Statistics, Second Edition. CUP.
Psychometrics
Psychological testing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilin
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Pilin refers to a class of fibrous proteins that are found in pilus structures in bacteria. These structures can be used for the exchange of genetic material, or as a cell adhesion mechanism. Although not all bacteria have pili or fimbriae, bacterial pathogens often use their fimbriae to attach to host cells. In Gram-negative bacteria, where pili are more common, individual pilin molecules are linked by noncovalent protein-protein interactions, while Gram-positive bacteria often have polymerized LPXTG pilin.
Type IV pilin
Type IV pilin proteins are α+β proteins characterized by a very long N-terminal alpha helix. The assembly of these pili relies on interactions between the N-terminal helices of the individual monomers. The pilus structure sequesters the helices in the center of the fiber lining a central pore, while antiparallel beta sheets occupy the exterior of the fiber.
Role of ComP pilin in bacterial transformation
Genetic transformation is the process by which a recipient bacterial cell takes up DNA from a neighboring cell and integrates this DNA into the recipient’s genome by homologous recombination. In Neisseria meningitidis, DNA transformation requires the presence of short DNA uptake sequences (DUSs) which are 9-10mers residing in coding regions of the donor DNA. Specific recognition of DUSs is mediated by a type IV pilin, ComP. Menningococcal type IV pili bind DNA through the minor pilin ComP via an electropositive stripe that is predicted to be exposed
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubby%20protein
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The tubby protein is encoded by the TUB gene. It is an upstream cell signaling protein common to multicellular eukaryotes. The first tubby gene was identified in mice, and proteins that are homologous to tubby are known as "tubby-like proteins" (TULPs). They share a common and characteristic tertiary structure that consists of a beta barrel packed around an alpha helix in the central pore. The gene derives its name from its role in metabolism; mice with a mutated tubby gene develop delayed-onset obesity, sensorineural hearing loss, and retinal degeneration.
Structure
Tubby proteins are classified as α+β proteins and have a 12-beta stranded barrel surrounding a central alpha helix. Tubby proteins can bind the small cell signaling molecule phosphatidylinositol, which is typically localized to the cell membrane. A similar structural fold to the Tubby like proteins has been identified in the Scramblase family of proteins.
Function
Tubby proteins have been implicated as transcription factors and as potential signaling factors coupled to G-protein activity. They are associated with neuronal differentiation and development, and in mammals are implicated in three disease processes when mutated: obesity, retinal degeneration, and hearing loss. In mice, mutations in tubby proteins are known to affect life span and fat storage as well as carbohydrate metabolism. Tubby domains associate with cytoplasmic side of cell membranes through binding of different phosphoinositides
Human prot
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RpoS
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The gene rpoS (RNA polymerase, sigma S, also called katF) encodes the sigma factor sigma-38 (σ38, or RpoS), a 37.8 kD protein in Escherichia coli. Sigma factors are proteins that regulate transcription in bacteria. Sigma factors can be activated in response to different environmental conditions. rpoS is transcribed in late exponential phase, and RpoS is the primary regulator of stationary phase genes. RpoS is a central regulator of the general stress response and operates in both a retroactive and a proactive manner: it not only allows the cell to survive environmental challenges, but it also prepares the cell for subsequent stresses (cross-protection). The transcriptional regulator CsgD is central to biofilm formation, controlling the expression of the curli structural and export proteins, and the diguanylate cyclase, adrA, which indirectly activates cellulose production. The rpoS gene most likely originated in the gammaproteobacteria.
Environmental signal to activation: regulation of RpoS
Regulatory mechanisms that control RpoS exist at various levels of gene and protein organization: transcription, translation, degradation, and protein activity. These processes occur in response to stresses such as near-UV radiation, acid, temperature or osmotic shock, oxidative stress, and nutrient deprivation. While many key regulatory entities have been identified in these areas, the precise mechanisms by which they signal rpoS transcription, translation, proteolysis or activity rem
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiar%2C%20Rev%C3%BAca%20District
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Žiar () is a village and municipality in Revúca District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Revúca District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezitovce
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Magnezitovce () is a village and municipality in Revúca District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20071116010355/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Revúca District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licince
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Licince () is a village and municipality in Revúca District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223415/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Počet obyvateľov: 711
Rozloha: 1830 ha
Prvá písomná zmienka: v roku 1263
Starosta: Ladislav Miklóš (ehm..chh)
Villages and municipalities in Revúca District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandra%C5%BE
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Nandraž () is a village and municipality in Revúca District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Revúca District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Whyte%20%28footballer%29
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David Whyte (20 April 1971 – 9 September 2014) was an English professional footballer who played as a striker.
Career
Born in Greenwich, Whyte played for Greenwich Borough, Crystal Palace, Charlton Athletic, Reading, Ipswich Town, Bristol Rovers and Southend United.
He signed for Charlton Athletic in June 1994, alongside Paul Mortimer, in a part-exchange deal with Crystal Palace; Darren Pitcher moved in the opposite direction.
He retired in 1999, at the age of 28.
Later life and death
Whyte died on 9 September 2014, at the age of 43.
References
1971 births
2014 deaths
Footballers from Greenwich
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Greenwich Borough F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
English Football League players
Black British sportsmen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucobrassicin
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Glucobrassicin is a type of glucosinolate that can be found in almost all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, broccoli, mustards, and woad. As for other glucosinolates, degradation by the enzyme myrosinase is expected to produce an isothiocyanate, indol-3-ylmethylisothiocyanate. However, this specific isothiocyanate is expected to be highly unstable, and has indeed never been detected. The observed hydrolysis products when isolated glucobrassicin is degraded by myrosinase are indole-3-carbinol and thiocyanate ion (plus glucose, sulfate, and hydrogen ion), which are envisioned to result from a rapid reaction of the unstable isothiocyanate with water. However, a large number of other reaction products are known, and indole-3-carbinol is not the dominant degradation product when glucosinolate degradation takes place in crushed plant tissue or in intact plants.
Glucobrassicin is also known to be a highly active egg-laying stimulant of cabbage white butterflies such as the small white (Pieris rapae) and the large white (Pieris brassicae).
Several derivatives of glucobrassicin are known. The compound itself was first isolated from Brassica plants, hence the ending of the name. When a second, similar natural product was discovered, it was named neoglucobrassicin. When further derivatives were discovered, a more systematic nomenclature was used. Currently, the following six derivatives are known from plants:
1-Methoxyglucobrassicin (neoglucobrassicin)
4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Kidd%20Teal
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Gordon Kidd Teal (January 10, 1907 – January 7, 2003) was an American engineer. He invented a method of applying the Czochralski method to produce extremely pure germanium single crystals used in making greatly improved transistors. He, together with Morgan Sparks, invented a modification of the process that produced the configuration necessary for the fabrication of bipolar junction transistors. He is most remembered for developing the first silicon transistor while at Texas Instruments.
Early life and education
Teal was born in South Dallas, Texas to Olin Allison Teal and Azelia Kidd. His father had come to Texas in 1897 from Georgia. Gordon was valedictorian at the Bryan Street High School in Dallas, Texas, and graduated in 1924. Gordon earned his B.A. in Mathematics and Chemistry from Baylor University in 1927 and his master's and Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from Brown University in 1928 and 1931, respectively. While at Brown, he began work in the laboratory of Professor Charles Kraus on the element germanium, which was then believed to be useless.
Bell Labs
Teal joined Bell Labs in 1930 and would remain employed there for 22 years. During his time there, he continued to work with germanium and silicon. When William Shockley's group at Bell Labs invented the transistor in 1947, Teal realized that substantial improvements in the device would result if it was fabricated using a single crystal, rather than the polycrystalline material then being used, and created the gro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20census%20divisions%20of%20Manitoba
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Statistics Canada divides the province of Manitoba into 23 census divisions. Unlike in some other provinces, census divisions do not reflect the organization of local government in Manitoba. These areas exist solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation; they have no government of their own.
See also
Administrative divisions of Canada
List of communities in Manitoba
List of municipalities in Manitoba
List of regions of Manitoba
External links
Government of Manitoba Community Profiles. Census Divisions Map
Census divisions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20dabble
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In computer science, the double dabble algorithm is used to convert binary numbers into binary-coded decimal (BCD) notation. It is also known as the shift-and-add-3 algorithm, and can be implemented using a small number of gates in computer hardware, but at the expense of high latency.
Algorithm
The algorithm operates as follows:
Suppose the original number to be converted is stored in a register that is n bits wide. Reserve a scratch space wide enough to hold both the original number and its BCD representation; bits will be enough. It takes a maximum of 4 bits in binary to store each decimal digit.
Then partition the scratch space into BCD digits (on the left) and the original register (on the right). For example, if the original number to be converted is eight bits wide, the scratch space would be partitioned as follows:
Hundreds Tens Ones Original
0010 0100 0011 11110011
The diagram above shows the binary representation of 24310 in the original register, and the BCD representation of 243 on the left.
The scratch space is initialized to all zeros, and then the value to be converted is copied into the "original register" space on the right.
0000 0000 0000 11110011
The algorithm then iterates n times. On each iteration, any BCD digit which is at least 5 (0101 in binary) is incremented by 3 (0011); then the entire scratch space is left-shifted one bit. The increment ensures that a value of 5, incremented and left-shifted, becomes 16 (10000), thus correctl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boran%20cattle
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Boran cattle are a popular Zebu beef breed in eastern Africa.
Through DNA sampling, Hanotte et al. have analyzed the genetic make-up of the Boran and it consists of the following genetic proportions—64% Bos indicus, 24% European Bos taurus and 12% African Bos taurus.
History
Kenyan Boran cattle were developed from the native shorthorned Zebu cattle of the Borana Oromo people of southern Ethiopia. They are usually white or fawn, with the bulls being darker with black point. Their great similarity to the American Brahman cattle is not without basis, they are also descended from cattle from the western coast of India, only much earlier.
Since 1951, the Boran Cattle Breeders' Society has been managed and strategically breeding Boran cattle in Kenya. As of 2008, there were approximately 454 beef ranches in the country, which can be classified based on ownership as one of five categories: group ranches, private company ranches, co-operative ranches, public company ranches, and government ranches.
Physical characteristics
Having been in Africa for over a thousand years, they are very well adapted to local conditions and parasites. Boran cattle are known for their fertility, early maturation (more so than other Zebu breeds), hardiness, and docility.
Types
The Orma Boran is the smallest of the Boran breeds, smaller than the Kenyan Boran. Mature male Orma Boran range in size from , while females are from .
The Kenyan Boran developed from the Orma Boran, Borana, and Somali Bora
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide%20library
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A peptide library is a tool for studying proteins. Peptide libraries typically contain a large number of peptides that have a systematic combination of amino acids. Usually, the peptide library is synthesized on a solid phase, mostly on resin, which can be made as a flat surface or beads. The peptide library is a popular tool for drug design, protein–protein interactions, and other biochemical and pharmaceutical applications.
Synthetic peptide libraries are synthesized without utilizing phage or other biological systems. There are at least five subtypes of synthetic peptide libraries that differ from each other by the method which was used for the synthesis of the library. The subtypes are:
Overlapping peptide libraries
Truncation peptide libraries
Random libraries
Alanine scanning libraries
Positional or scrambled peptide libraries.
This form of peptide synthesis is limited to a peptide chain length of approximately 70 amino acids, and is generally unsuitable for the study of larger proteins. For 20 amino acids, this results in an upper limit of 2070 possible combinations, not considering the plethora of available amino acids with pre-installed post-translational modifications. From this number of total combinations, the scope of the peptide library can be narrowed down for a more specific purpose by selecting which amino acids are desired at each point in the chain.
For example, a peptide chain of 10 residues in length is used in native chemical ligation with a lar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Gua%27s%20theorem
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In mathematics, De Gua's theorem is a three-dimensional analog of the Pythagorean theorem named after Jean Paul de Gua de Malves. It states that if a tetrahedron has a right-angle corner (like the corner of a cube), then the square of the area of the face opposite the right-angle corner is the sum of the squares of the areas of the other three faces:
De Gua's theorem can be applied for proving a special case of Heron's formula.
Generalizations
The Pythagorean theorem and de Gua's theorem are special cases () of a general theorem about n-simplices with a right-angle corner, proved by P. S. Donchian and H. S. M. Coxeter in 1935. This, in turn, is a special case of a yet more general theorem by Donald R. Conant and William A. Beyer (1974), which can be stated as follows.
Let U be a measurable subset of a k-dimensional affine subspace of (so ). For any subset with exactly k elements, let be the orthogonal projection of U onto the linear span of , where and is the standard basis for . Then
where is the k-dimensional volume of U and the sum is over all subsets with exactly k elements.
De Gua's theorem and its generalisation (above) to n-simplices with right-angle corners correspond to the special case where k = n−1 and U is an (n−1)-simplex in with vertices on the co-ordinate axes. For example, suppose , and U is the triangle in with vertices A, B and C lying on the -, - and -axes, respectively. The subsets of with exactly 2 elements are , and . By definiti
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction%20standard
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In crystallography, a diffraction standard, or calibration crystal, is a crystal used to calibrate an X-ray spectrometer to an absolute X-ray energy scale. Quartz or silicon crystals are typically used. There are also reports of crystals of silver behenate or silver stearate having been used for this purpose.
External links
http://www.gwyndafevans.co.uk/thesis-html/node85.html
http://www.ccp14.ac.uk/solution/calibration/index.html
http://bigbro.biophys.cornell.edu/documents/SAX_Calibrants/saxs_sphere.html
Measurement
X-ray crystallography
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipovany
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Lipovany () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223415/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDubore%C4%8D
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Ľuboreč () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
References
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1kov%C3%A1
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Mašková () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miku%C5%A1ovce%2C%20Lu%C4%8Denec%20District
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Mikušovce () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20071116010355/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8D%C3%ADn
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Mučín () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polichno
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Polichno () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20071027094149/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapovce
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Rapovce () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADla%2C%20Lu%C4%8Denec%20District
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Píla () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iatorsk%C3%A1%20Bukovinka
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Šiatorská Bukovinka () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ple%C5%A1%2C%20Slovakia
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Pleš () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratka
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Ratka () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C5%A1a
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Prša () is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20071116010355/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Lučenec District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastoderm
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A blastoderm (germinal disc, blastodisc) is a single layer of embryonic epithelial tissue that makes up the blastula. It encloses the fluid filled blastocoel. Gastrulation follows blastoderm formation, where the tips of the blastoderm begins the formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Formation
The blastoderm is formed when the oocyte plasma membrane begins cleaving by invagination, creating multiple cells that arrange themselves into an outer sleeve to the blastocoel.
In oviparous
In chicken eggs, the blastoderm represents a flat disc after embryonic fertilization. At the edge of the blastoderm is the site of active migration by most cells.
See also
Blastodisc
Embryology
Cleavage
Gastrulation
References
Campbell Reece, Biology 7th edition, Pearson Publishing, 2005
Embryology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freundlich%20equation
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The Freundlich equation or Freundlich adsorption isotherm, an adsorption isotherm, is an empirical relationship between the quantity of a gas adsorbed into a solid surface and the gas pressure. The same relationship is also applicable for the concentration of a solute adsorbed onto the surface of a solid and the concentration of the solute in the liquid phase. In 1909, Herbert Freundlich gave an expression representing the isothermal variation of adsorption of a quantity of gas adsorbed by unit mass of solid adsorbent with gas pressure. This equation is known as Freundlich adsorption isotherm or Freundlich adsorption equation. As this relationship is entirely empirical, in the case where adsorption behavior can be properly fit by isotherms with a theoretical basis, it is usually appropriate to use such isotherms instead (see for example the Langmuir and BET adsorption theories). The Freundlich equation is also derived (non-empirically) by attributing the change in the equilibrium constant of the binding process to the heterogeneity of the surface and the variation in the heat of adsorption.
Freundlich adsorption isotherm
The Freundlich adsorption isotherm is mathematically expressed as
It is also written as
or
It is also written as
where
= mass of adsorbate
= mass of adsorbent
= equilibrium pressure of the gaseous adsorbate in case of experiments made in the gas phase (gas/solid interaction with gaseous species/adsorbed species)
= equilibrium concentration of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertional%20mutagenesis
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In molecular biology, insertional mutagenesis is the creation of mutations in DNA by the addition of one or more base pairs. Such insertional mutations can occur naturally, mediated by viruses or transposons, or can be artificially created for research purposes in the lab.
Signature tagged mutagenesis
This is a technique used to study the function of genes. A transposon such as the P element of Drosophila melanogaster is allowed to integrate at random locations in the genome of the organism being studied. Mutants generated by this method are then screened for any unusual phenotypes. If such a phenotype is found then it can be assumed that the insertion has caused the gene relating to the usual phenotype to be inactivated. Because the sequence of the transposon is known, the gene can be identified, either by sequencing the whole genome and searching for the sequence, or by using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify specifically that gene.
Virus insertional mutagenesis
Because many viruses integrate their own genomes into the genomes of their host cells in order to replicate, mutagenesis caused by viral infections is a fairly common occurrence. Not all integrating viruses cause insertional mutagenesis, however.
Some DNA insertions will lead to no noticeable mutation. Historically, lentiviral vectors included strong viral promoters which had a side effect of insertional mutagenesis, nuclear DNA mutations that effect the function of a gene. These strong viral promotors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20finger%20nuclease
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Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are artificial restriction enzymes generated by fusing a zinc finger DNA-binding domain to a DNA-cleavage domain. Zinc finger domains can be engineered to target specific desired DNA sequences and this enables zinc-finger nucleases to target unique sequences within complex genomes. By taking advantage of endogenous DNA repair machinery, these reagents can be used to precisely alter the genomes of higher organisms. Alongside CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN, ZFN is a prominent tool in the field of genome editing.
Domains
DNA-binding domain
The DNA-binding domains of individual ZFNs typically contain between three and six individual zinc finger repeats and can each recognize between 9 and 18 basepairs. If the zinc finger domains perfectly recognize a 3 basepair DNA sequence, they can generate a 3-finger array that can recognize a 9 basepair target site. Other procedures can utilize either 1-finger or 2-finger modules to generate zinc-finger arrays with six or more individual zinc fingers. The main drawback with this procedure is the specificities of individual zinc fingers can overlap and can depend on the context of the surrounding zinc fingers and DNA. Without methods to account for this "context dependence", the standard modular assembly procedure often fails.
Numerous selection methods have been used to generate zinc-finger arrays capable of targeting desired sequences. Initial selection efforts utilized phage display to select proteins that bo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tympanal%20organ
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A tympanal organ (or tympanic organ) is a hearing organ in insects, consisting of a membrane (tympanum) stretched across a frame backed by an air sac and associated sensory neurons. Sounds vibrate the membrane, and the vibrations are sensed by a chordotonal organ. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants, etc.) do not have a tympanal organ, but they do have a Johnston's organ.
Tympanal organs occur in just about any part of the insect: the thorax, the base of the wing, the abdomen, the legs, etc., depending on the group of insects. The structures are thought to have evolved independently many times. As a result, their position and structures are often used to help determine the taxonomy of the species. For example, all members of the Geometridae share distinctive paired abdominal tympanal organs that open towards the front side of the first abdominal segment. Within the organ, particular structures vary in shape and are used to indicate shared ancestry of subfamilies. In other families of Lepidoptera having abdominal tympanal organs, the opening may be in a different orientation and the structures differ in shape.
Tympanal organs have evolved in Lepidoptera to allow them to detect the echolocation calls of predatory bats. The range of frequencies that the moth is most sensitive to is usually associated with the frequencies used in echolocation by the sympatric bat community. In the presence of predatory bats, it has been shown that the Lepidoptera species Mythimna unipuncta (true ar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helper%20dependent%20virus
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A helper dependent virus, also termed a gutless virus, is a synthetic viral vector dependent on the assistance of a helper virus in order to replicate, and can be used for purposes such as gene therapy. Naturally-occurring satellite viruses are also helper virus dependent, and can sometimes be modified to become viral vectors.
Viral vector
Since the genome of the gutless virus does not include genes encoding the enzymes and/or structural proteins required to replicate, it is deemed safe for use in gene therapy since an infection cannot occur except in the presence of a suitable helper virus.
Well established protocols allow scientists to propagate helper dependent viruses in the lab. However, using an actual helper virus poses problems when it comes to purification of a desired transgenic virus. Therefore, lab methods often utilize minimal fragments of the helper DNA that can serve this purpose without creating unwanted virus. This process usually involves the introduction of three separate DNA plasmids into a eukaryotic cell line through a process called transfection. These plasmids contain either transgenic DNA or replication and capsid encoding DNA, plus helper DNA. Every cell that is successfully transfected with all three DNA fragments will produce the necessary proteins to produce infective viruses. These viruses will only have transgenic DNA encapsidated and therefore once they've infected a patient's cell, they will not be capable of reproducing.
Satellite virus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20%28video%20game%29
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Quantum is a color vector arcade video game developed at General Computer Corporation for Atari, Inc. and released in December 1982. It was designed by Betty Ryan () who was the first female developer at GCC. The premise of the game is related loosely to quantum physics; the player directs a probe with a trackball to encircle atomic "particles" for points, without touching various other particles. Once the particles are surrounded by the probe's tail they are destroyed.
Gameplay
High score table
To enter initials for a high score, the player uses the trackball to circle letters in the same fashion used during gameplay. If the player achieves the highest score on the table, the initials screen is preceded by another on which adept players can use the trackball to draw their initials.
Legacy
A screenshot of a clone called Tachyon was previewed in Atari 8-bit family magazine ANALOG Computing, but the game was never completed.
A remake, Quantum Recharged, was released in August 2023 for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S. It is part of Atari SA's Recharged remake series.
See also
Disco No. 1
Libble Rabble
References
External links
Quantum at Arcade History
1982 video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Atari arcade games
Drawing video games
Trackball video games
Vector arcade video games
Video games about microbes
Video games about nuclear technology
Video games developed in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20and%20Gene
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Jesse and Gene (or The Jesse and Gene Show) is a Canadian morning zoo radio show that aired in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada radio market between 1986 and 1997. The duo of co-hosts consisted of Jesse Dylan and Gene Valaitis.
History
Q107
The show first began airing on Q107 on September 5, 1986, replacing Brother Jake Edwards in the station's morning slot.
680 CFTR: move to afternoons on AM dial
In June 1989, the show's move to CFTR-AM, a Top-40 music station branded as "All Hits 680 CFTR", was announced. Beginning in July, the show aired live daily between 2 p.m. and 7 p.m., encompassing the afternoon drive time slot. Toronto press reported on CFTR's financial terms that lured the duo away from Q107 as being lucrative.
On June 17, 1991, Jesse and Gene became CFTR's new morning show following the retirement of longtime morning man Tom Rivers.
When CFTR changed its format to an all-news station in June 1993, re-branding as "680 News", Jesse and Gene were let go along with most of the on-air personnel.
AM 640
The duo immediately got picked up by CHOG-AM, a station owned by Western International Communications (WIC) and operated through its subsidiary Westcom Radio Group. As announced by the company's programming vice president Danny Kingsbury, Jesse and Gene debuted in CHOG's morning slot on June 21, 1993, while the station's previous morning man Adrian Bell was moved to mid-days. Branded as "AM 640: The Beat Of Toronto", the station was a bit of a dinosaur in the Toronto m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephaestin
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Hephaestin, also known as HEPH, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HEPH gene.
Function
Hephaestin is involved in the metabolism and homeostasis of iron and possibly copper. It is a transmembrane copper-dependent ferroxidase responsible for transporting dietary iron from intestinal enterocytes into the circulatory system. The highest expression of hephaestin is found in small intestine. It is limited to enterocytes of the villi (where the iron absorption takes place), being almost absent in crypt cells. Hephaestin converts iron(II) state, Fe2+, to iron(III) state, Fe3+, and mediates iron efflux most likely in cooperation with the basolateral iron transporter, ferroportin 1. To a lesser extent hephaestin has been detected in colon, spleen, kidney, breast, placenta and bone trabecular cells but its role in these tissues remains to be established. Hephaestin presents homology with ceruloplasmin, a serum dehydrogenase protein involved in copper detoxification and storage.
Hephaestin is a protein of 1135 aminoacids formed from a precursor of 1158 aminoacids and is 130.4 kDa. It is predicted to bind 6 copper ions per monomer.
Discovery
Hephaestin was first identified by Dr. Christopher D. Vulpe of the University of California, Berkeley in 1999. They named the newfound protein after Hephaestus, the Greek god of metal working.
Much of what is known about hephaestin comes from studying heritable mutants of murine iron metabolism. The protein was discovered and identifi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Sullivan%20%28ice%20hockey%2C%20born%201981%29
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Dan Sullivan (born March 20, 1981) is a Canadian ice hockey player.
Career statistics
External links
1981 births
Living people
Augusta Lynx players
Baton Rouge Kingfish players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
London Knights players
Louisiana IceGators (ECHL) players
Lowell Lock Monsters players
Mississauga IceDogs players
Owen Sound Attack players
Pensacola Ice Pilots players
People from York, Toronto
Reading Royals players
Roanoke Express players
Ice hockey people from Toronto
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CodeSynthesis%20XSD
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CodeSynthesis XSD is an XML Data Binding compiler for C++ developed by Code Synthesis and dual-licensed under the GNU GPL and a proprietary license. Given an XML instance specification (XML Schema), it generates C++ classes that represent the given vocabulary as well as parsing and serialization code. It is supported on a large number of platforms, including AIX, Linux, HP-UX, OS X, Solaris, Windows, OpenVMS, and z/OS. Supported C++ compilers include GNU G++, Intel C++, HP aCC, Solaris Studio C++, IBM XL C++, and Microsoft Visual C++. A version for mobile and embedded systems, called CodeSynthesis XSD/e, is also available.
One of the unique features of CodeSynthesis XSD is its support for two different XML Schema to C++ mappings: in-memory C++/Tree and stream-oriented C++/Parser. The C++/Tree mapping is a traditional mapping with a tree-like, in-memory data structure. C++/Parser is a new, SAX-like mapping which represents the information stored in XML instance documents as a hierarchy of vocabulary-specific parsing events. In comparison to C++/Tree, the C++/Parser mapping allows one to handle large XML documents that would not fit in memory, perform stream-oriented processing, or use an existing in-memory representation. The XSD-generated code can target C++98/03 or C++11.
CodeSynthesis XSD itself is written in C++.
References
External links
CodeSynthesis XSD Home Page
An Introduction to the C++/Tree Mapping
An Introduction to the C++/Parser Mapping
An Introduction to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerithiimorpha
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The Cerithiimorpha was a suborder of marine gastropods within the Sorbeoconcha. This taxon is no longer valid according to the current taxonomy of Bouchet and Rocroi.
The previous classification system was as follows:
subclassis = Orthogastropoda
infraclassis = Apogastropoda
superordo = Caenogastropoda
ordo = Sorbeoconcha
subordo = Cerithiimorpha
Previous taxonomy
During the taxon's use, not all taxonomists agreed upon its structure. The listing below gives one interpretation. For example, in another accepted classification, the Campaniloidea and Cerithioidea were separated in a suborder named Discopoda.
Campaniloidea
Campanilidae
Plesiotrochidae
Cerithioidea
Batillariidae
Brachytremidae
†Canterburyellidae
Cassiopidae
Cerithiidae
Dialidae
Diastomidae
Eoptychiidae
Eustomidae
Faxiidae
Lavigeriidae
Litiopidae
†Maoraxidae
Melanopsidae
Modulidae
Pachychilidae
Pachymelaniidae
Pareoridae
Pianaridae
Planaxidae
Potamididae
Procerithiidae
Pseudamaurinidae
Scaliolidae
Siliquariidae
Syrnolopsidae
Tenagodidae
Terebrellidae - not a valid name
Thiaridae
Turritellidae
Turritellopsidae
Spationematoidea
Spanionematidae
Stephanozygidae
(Extinct taxa indicated by a dagger, †.)
References
Obsolete gastropod taxa
Sorbeoconcha
Marine gastropods
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Wolfgramm
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Eugene Joseph Wolfgramm, a.k.a. Gene Hunt (born September 24, 1967), is a founding member of the Minneapolis-based group The Jets. Like the other Wolfgramms, Eugene is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Biography
Eugene is one of seventeen siblings in the Wolfgramm family, eight of whom were originally in The Jets. Eugene was featured on the first two Jets albums (1985's The Jets, 1986's Christmas with The Jets, and was featured in the single and music video to 1987's "Cross My Broken Heart" from the Beverly Hills Cop II soundtrack, but left the group in 1987 to form the duo Boys Club, with Joe Pasquale. Boys Club were arguably known as Minneapolis' version of Wham!. In 1990, Eugene reunited with his siblings to record four new tracks featured on The Best of The Jets (1990) and was featured on the album cover and inside sleeve. Eugene (under the alias Gene Hunt) also shared co-writing credit on The Jets' song "Do You Remember," featured on the album Believe (1989).
References
1967 births
Living people
American people of Tongan descent
American Latter Day Saints
20th-century American singers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch%20%28disambiguation%29
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Birch is the common name for trees of the genus Betula.
Birch or Birchs may also refer to:
BIRCH, a clustering algorithm
"Birches" (poem), a poem by Robert Frost
Birch (surname)
The Birch, an American undergraduate journal of Eastern European and Eurasian culture
"Birch", a song by Big Red Machine featuring Taylor Swift from the album How Long Do You Think It's Gonna Last?
Places
Australia
Birchs Inlet, Tasmania
United Kingdom
Birch, Essex, England
Birch, Greater Manchester, England
United States
Birch, Nevada, a ghost town
Birch, Wisconsin, a town
Birch, Ashland County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
Birch Hill, Wisconsin, a census-designated place
Birch Township, Minnesota
Birch Tree, Missouri
Birch County, South Carolina, a proposed county
Companies
Birch Communications, phone company in the US
See also
Birching, a form of corporal punishment with a birch rod
Birch Brothers, a former bus and coach operator in England
Birchwood (disambiguation)
Burch (disambiguation)
The Birches (disambiguation)
Birch Creek (disambiguation)
John Birch Society, is an advocacy group supporting anti-communism and limited government
White birch (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Computing
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Crystal Computing, later renamed Design Design, was a British video game developer founded in 1982 by Chris Clarke and Ian Stamp while students at the University of Manchester. Graham Stafford, Neil Mottershead, Simon Brattel and Martin Horsley, joined the company as it expanded. The company's first software release was a compilation of games for the Sinclair ZX81, though it was with the ZX Spectrum that Crystal found its greatest success. A deal with the machine's manufacturer Sinclair to distribute Crystal's Zeus Assembler gave the company sufficient funds for a major marketing campaign for their next product, Halls of the Things, an arcade adventure game that became their most successful title.
Clarke left in 1984 to join Artic Software, where he worked on the "business side", before collaborating with Jon Ritman on the Match Day series.
With Clarke's departure the company was reorganised as Design Design, a trading name that had been used by Brattel since 1976 for his electronic audio designs. Design Design's core consisted of Stafford working mainly on titles for the Commodore 64, Brattel and Mottershead working on the ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC, and David Lewellyn, the company's administrator. According to Stafford the new name was part of a wider re-branding, as they wanted a more professional image, along with a better relationship with the press and the public.
Stafford went on to form developer Walking Circles producing titles including The Living Daylights and S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20darter
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The crystal darter (Crystallaria asprella) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. This small North American fish is found in small, moderate, and swift rivers in the drainage basins of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. It is now extirpated from a majority of its range along the Ohio River.
Appearance
The crystal darter can grow to 12 cm (5 in) in length. It is olive-colored to tan with four dark saddles extending downward to its lateral line, a brownish stripe, and a whitish belly. Its maximum reported age is three years.
Distribution and habitat
The historical range of the crystal darter included the Mississippi River basin, from Wisconsin and Indiana, southwards to southeastern Oklahoma, northern Louisiana, southern Mississippi, the Mobile Basin, Pascagoula, Pearl River, Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi. It is now absent from much of this range and is rare in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri. It is found in swift-flowing streams with clear or slightly turbid water and moderately swift riffles, on small or medium-sized rivers with beds of sand or gravel. It is not found on silty bottoms or areas with vegetation. Individual fish often hide under stones or bury themselves in sand with just their eyes showing.
Reproductive biology
One study focused on the Saline River, Arkansas, suggested that crystal darters spawn multiple times f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EF%20hand
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The EF hand is a helix–loop–helix structural domain or motif found in a large family of calcium-binding proteins.
The EF-hand motif contains a helix–loop–helix topology, much like the spread thumb and forefinger of the human hand, in which the Ca2+ ions are coordinated by ligands within the loop. The motif takes its name from traditional nomenclature used in describing the protein parvalbumin, which contains three such motifs and is probably involved in muscle relaxation via its calcium-binding activity.
The EF-hand consists of two alpha helices linked by a short loop region (usually about 12 amino acids) that usually binds calcium ions. EF-hands also appear in each structural domain of the signaling protein calmodulin and in the muscle protein troponin-C.
Calcium ion binding site
The calcium ion is coordinated in a pentagonal bipyramidal configuration. The six residues involved in the binding are in positions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12; these residues are denoted by X, Y, Z, -Y, -X and -Z. The invariant Glu or Asp at position 12 provides two oxygens for liganding calcium (bidentate ligand).
The calcium ion is bound by both protein backbone atoms and by amino acid side chains, specifically those of the anionic amino acid residues aspartate and glutamate. These residues are negatively charged and will make a charge-interaction with the positively charged calcium ion. The EF hand motif was among the first structural motifs whose sequence requirements were analyzed in detail. Fi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine-rich%20repeat
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A leucine-rich repeat (LRR) is a protein structural motif that forms an α/β horseshoe fold. It is composed of repeating 20–30 amino acid stretches that are unusually rich in the hydrophobic amino acid leucine. These tandem repeats commonly fold together to form a solenoid protein domain, termed leucine-rich repeat domain. Typically, each repeat unit has beta strand-turn-alpha helix structure, and the assembled domain, composed of many such repeats, has a horseshoe shape with an interior parallel beta sheet and an exterior array of helices. One face of the beta sheet and one side of the helix array are exposed to solvent and are therefore dominated by hydrophilic residues. The region between the helices and sheets is the protein's hydrophobic core and is tightly sterically packed with leucine residues.
Leucine-rich repeats are frequently involved in the formation of protein–protein interactions.
Examples
Leucine-rich repeat motifs have been identified in a large number of functionally unrelated proteins. The best-known example is the ribonuclease inhibitor, but other proteins such as the tropomyosin regulator tropomodulin and the toll-like receptor also share the motif. In fact, the toll-like receptor possesses 10 successive LRR motifs which serve to bind pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns.
Although the canonical LRR protein contains approximately one helix for every beta strand, variants that form beta-alpha superhelix folds sometimes have long loops rather
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Odd%20Couple%20%28film%29
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The Odd Couple is a 1968 American comedy film directed by Gene Saks, produced by Howard W. Koch and written by Neil Simon, based on his 1965 play. It stars Jack Lemmon and Walter Matthau as two divorced men – neurotic neat-freak Felix Ungar and fun-loving slob Oscar Madison – who decide to live together.
The film was successful with critics and grossed over $44.5 million, making it the third highest-grossing film of 1968 in the United States. The success of the film was the basis for ABC to produce a popular sitcom series based on it, starring Tony Randall and Jack Klugman as Felix and Oscar.
Almost three decades later, a sequel – The Odd Couple II, in which Lemmon and Matthau reprised their roles – was released, but it was a critical and commercial failure.
Plot
Newly separated Felix Ungar wanders New York City in a daze with vague ideas of committing suicide.
Divorced sports writer Oscar Madison and his card-playing cronies Murray, Speed, Roy and Vinnie have assembled in Madison's Washington Heights apartment for their Friday night poker game. Murray is concerned because their mutual friend Felix Ungar is unusually late for the game. Murray's wife calls and informs them that Felix is missing. Oscar then calls Felix's wife Frances, who tells him that she and Felix have broken up. Felix arrives not knowing that everyone has already heard that he and his wife have separated. The group attempts to pretend nothing is wrong, but Felix eventually breaks down crying and his f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry%20%28disambiguation%29
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Geometry is a branch of mathematics dealing with spatial relationships.
Geometry or geometric may also refer to:
Geometric distribution of probability theory and statistics
Geometric series, a mathematical series with a constant ratio between successive terms
Music
Geometry (Robert Rich album), a 1991 album by American musician Robert Rich
Geometry (Ivo Perelman album), a 1997 album by Brazilian saxophonist Ivo Perelman
Geometry (Jega album), a 2000 album by English musician Jega
Other uses
Geometric (typeface classification), a class of sans-serif typeface styles
Geometry (car marque) Chinese car brand manufactured by Geely
"Geometry", a Series G episode of the television series QI (2010)
Gia Metric, Canadian drag queen
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Woinarski
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John Casimir Zichy Woinarski is an Australian ornithologist, mammalogist, and herpetologist. He was awarded the 2001 Eureka Prize for Biodiversity Research. In the same year he was the recipient of the D. L. Serventy Medal, awarded by the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union for outstanding published work on birds in the Australasian region.
Dr. Woinarski is currently Professor in the Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, a part-time position at Charles Darwin University, in Darwin, Northern Territory. Much of his work has been focused on the conservation of threatened species and he has extensively published work on the responses of biodiversity to fire. He is a co-author of The Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012.
In February 2019, speaking about the confirmed extinction of the Bramble Cay melomys, considered the only mammal endemic to the Great Barrier Reef and the first documented extinction of a mammal species due to climate change, he said that its loss was foreseeable and preventable. It had been known for years that its position was precarious, and he believed that its loss is at least partly due to under-funding for conservation programs and the fact that it was not an animal charismatic enough to garner much public attention.
After the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season Dr. Woinarski became a member of the Australian Commonwealth’s Wildlife and threatened species bushfire recovery Expert Panel.
In May 2020 the Federal Court of Australi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20breathing
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Cell breathing may refer to:
Cellular respiration, metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms
Cell breathing (telephony), radio interference from other mobile transmitters in the same cell
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean%20Hankin
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Sean Hankin (born 28 February 1981) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Torquay United.
Life and career
Hankin was born in 1981 in Camberley, Surrey. He began his career as an apprentice at Crystal Palace, turning professional in June 1999. He made his league debut on 7 March 2000, coming on as a substitute for the injured Simon Rodger in the goalless draw with Bolton Wanderers at Selhurst Park, and agreed a new contract with Crystal Palace in June 2001.
Having made no more first-team appearances, Hankin joined Torquay United on loan in October 2001, as a replacement for fellow Palace player David Woozley who was returning to Selhurst Park at the end of his loan spell. He made his Torquay debut in the Football League Trophy against Bristol City and was sent off on his league debut in the 2–0 defeat away to Mansfield Town on 23 October. In December, he joined Torquay on a permanent deal for a £20,000 fee. Initially a regular in the Torquay side, Hankin lost his place in the team due to injury, was given only a short-term contract, and left in September 2003.
After brief spells with Hornchurch of the Isthmian League and Conference clubs Margate and Northwich Victoria, as well as training with Woking, Hankin settled at Crawley Town, helping them win the 2003–04 Southern League title and playing regularly in their first season in the Conference. He was released at the end of that season, and spent
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20complexity%20of%20mathematical%20operations
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The following tables list the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations.
Here, complexity refers to the time complexity of performing computations on a multitape Turing machine. See big O notation for an explanation of the notation used.
Note: Due to the variety of multiplication algorithms, below stands in for the complexity of the chosen multiplication algorithm.
Arithmetic functions
This table lists the complexity of mathematical operations on integers.
On stronger computational models, specifically a pointer machine and consequently also a unit-cost random-access machine it is possible to multiply two -bit numbers in time O(n).
Algebraic functions
Here we consider operations over polynomials and denotes their degree; for the coefficients we use a unit-cost model, ignoring the number of bits in a number. In practice this means that we assume them to be machine integers.
Special functions
Many of the methods in this section are given in Borwein & Borwein.
Elementary functions
The elementary functions are constructed by composing arithmetic operations, the exponential function (), the natural logarithm (), trigonometric functions (), and their inverses. The complexity of an elementary function is equivalent to that of its inverse, since all elementary functions are analytic and hence invertible by means of Newton's method. In particular, if either or in the complex domain can be computed with some complexity, then that c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxytyrosol
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Hydroxytyrosol is an organic compound with the formula . Classified as a phenylethanoid, i.e. a relative of phenethyl alcohol. Its derivatives are found in a variety of natural sources, notably olive oils and wines. Hydroxytyrosol is a colorless solid, although samples often turn beige during storage. It is a derivative, formally speaking, of catechol.
It or its derivatives occurs in olives and in wines
Occurrence
Olives
The olives, leaves, and olive pulp contain large amounts of hydroxytyrosol derivative Oleuropein, more so than olive oil). Unprocessed, green (unripe) olives, contain between 4.3 and 116 mg of hydroxytyrosol per 100g of olives, while unprocessed, black (ripe) olives contain up to 413.3 mg per 100g. The ripening of an olive substantially increases the amount of hydroxytyrosol. Processed olives, such as the common canned variety containing iron(II) gluconate, contained little hydroxytyrosol, as iron salts are catalysts for its oxidation.
Food safety
Hydroxytyrosol is considered safe as a novel food for human consumption, with a no-observed-adverse-effect level of 50 mg/kg body weight per day, as evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
In the United States, hydroxytyrosol is considered to be a safe ingredient (GRAS) in processed foods at levels of 5 mg per serving.
Function and production
In nature, hydroxytyrosol is generated by the hydrolysis of oleuropein that occurs during olive ripening. Oleuropein accumulates in olive leaves and f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthalimide
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Phthalimide is the organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO)2NH. It is the imide derivative of phthalic anhydride. It is a sublimable white solid that is slightly soluble in water but more so upon addition of base. It is used as a precursor to other organic compounds as a masked source of ammonia.
Preparation
Phthalimide can be prepared by heating phthalic anhydride with alcoholic ammonia giving 95–97% yield. Alternatively, it may be prepared by treating the anhydride with ammonium carbonate or urea. It can also be produced by ammoxidation of o-xylene.
Uses
Phthalimide is used as a precursor to anthranilic acid, a precursor to azo dyes and saccharin.
Alkyl phthalimides are useful precursors to amines in chemical synthesis, especially in peptide synthesis where they are used "to block both hydrogens and avoid racemization of the substrates". Alkyl halides can be converted to the N-alkylphthalimide:
C6H4(CO)2NH + RX + NaOH → C6H4(CO)2NR + NaX + H2O
The amine is commonly liberated using hydrazine:
C6H4(CO)2NR + N2H4 → C6H4(CO)2N2H2 + RNH2
Dimethylamine can also be used.
Some examples of phthalimide drugs include thalidomide, amphotalide, taltrimide, talmetoprim, and apremilast. With a trichloromethylthio substituent, a phthalimide-derived fungicide is Folpet.
Reactivity
It forms salts upon treatment with bases such as sodium hydroxide. The high acidity of the imido N-H is the result of the pair of flanking electrophilic carbonyl groups. Potassiu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nv%20network
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A Nv network is a term used in BEAM robotics referring to the small electrical Neural Networks that make up the bulk of BEAM-based robot control mechanisms.
Building blocks
The most basic component included in Nv Networks is the Nv neuron. The purpose of a Nv neuron is simply to take an input, do something with it, and give an output. The most common action of Nv neurons is to give a delay.
BEAM Nv Neurons
The standard for BEAM-based neurons is a capacitor that has one lead as an input, and the other going into the input line of an inverter. That inverter's output is the output of the neuron. The capacitor lead that is inputting into the inverter is pulled to ground with a resistor. The neuron functions because when an input is received (positive power on the input line), it charges the capacitor. Once the input is lost (negative power on the input line), the capacitor discharges into the inverter, causing the inverter to produce an output that is passed to the next neuron. The rate that the capacitor discharges is tied to the resistor that is pulling the input to the inverter to the negative. The larger the resistor, the longer it will take for the capacitor to fully discharge, and the longer it will take for that neuron to completely fire.
Types
There are many common network topologies used in BEAM robots, the most common of which are listed here.
Bicore
Probably the most utilized Nv Net topology in BEAM, the Bicore consists of two neurons placed in a loop that alter
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20value
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Biological value (BV) is a measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food which becomes incorporated into the proteins of the organism's body. It captures how readily the digested protein can be used in protein synthesis in the cells of the organism. Proteins are the major source of nitrogen in food. BV assumes protein is the only source of nitrogen and measures the amount of nitrogen ingested in relation to the amount which is subsequently excreted. The remainder must have been incorporated into the proteins of the organisms body. A ratio of nitrogen incorporated into the body over nitrogen absorbed gives a measure of protein "usability" – the BV.
Unlike some measures of protein usability, biological value does not take into account how readily the protein can be digested and absorbed (largely by the small intestine). This is reflected in the experimental methods used to determine BV.
BV uses two similar scales:
The true percentage utilization (usually shown with a percent symbol).
The percentage utilization relative to a readily utilizable protein source, often egg (usually shown as unitless).
The two values will be similar but not identical.
The BV of a food varies greatly, and depends on a wide variety of factors. In particular the BV value of a food varies depending on its preparation and the recent diet of the organism. This makes reliable determination of BV difficult and of limited use — fasting prior to testing is universally required in order to ascert
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar%20signal%20transduction
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Sugar signal transduction is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism used by organisms to survive. Sugars have an overwhelming effect on gene expression. In yeast, glucose levels are managed by controlling the mRNA levels of hexose transporters, while in mammals, the response to glucose is more tightly controlled with glucose metabolism and is therefore much more complex. Several glucose-responsive DNA motifs and DNA binding protein complexes have been identified in liver and b-cells. Although not proven, glucose repression appears to be conserved in plants because in many cases, both sugar induction and sugar repression are initiated by turning off transcription factors.
See also
Glycobiology
References
Xiao W, Sheen J, Jang JC. "The role of hexokinase in plant sugar signal transduction and growth and development." Plant Molecular Biology. 2000 Nov;44(4):451-61
Evolutionary biology
Glycobiology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropoiesis
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Neuropoiesis is the process by which neural stem cells differentiate to form mature neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the adult mammal. This process is also referred to as adult neurogenesis.
History
While rapid neurogenesis was known to occur in the early stages of life, the production and differentiation of neural stem cells was believed to cease upon maturity. This belief was overturned in the 1960s by the work of Joseph Altman. Using injections of thymidine-H3 to label the nuclei of dividing cells, Altman was able to use autoradiography to determine a neuronal birthdate for each cell in a rat's brain. This research revealed some degree of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb of rats, and paved the way for the possibility of neuropoiesis in the adult mammalian brain.
Following Altman's work, thymidine-H3 injections were used to examine the brains of a variety of other species. In the late 1970s Steven Goldman used this technique to examine the vocal control centers of songbirds, and he found widespread evidence of adult neurogenesis in this area of a canary's brain. Subsequent studies by Goldman and others revealed the precise mechanisms for neuronal cell differentiation and migration in adult songbirds, and, along with studies done in fish and other species, laid the groundwork for the study of neuropoiesis in humans.
Neuropoietic areas in the human brain
The most recognized initial sites of neuropoiesis ending with neurons in adults are
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empedrado%2C%20Chile
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Empedrado () is a town and commune in the Talca Province of Chile's Maule Region.
Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Empedrado spans an area of and has 4,225 inhabitants (2,222 men and 2,003 women). Of these, 2,499 (59.1%) lived in urban areas and 1,726 (40.9%) in rural areas. The population fell by 7.2% (329 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.
Administration
As a commune, Empedrado is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Gonzalo Tejos Perez.
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Empedrado is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Pablo Lorenzini (PDC) and Pedro Pablo Alvarez-Salamanca (UDI) as part of the 38th electoral district, together with Curepto, Constitución, Pencahue, Maule, San Clemente, Pelarco, Río Claro and San Rafael. The commune is represented in the Senate by Juan Antonio Coloma Correa (UDI) and Andrés Zaldívar Larraín (PDC) as part of the 10th senatorial constituency (Maule-North).
References
External links
Municipality of Empedrado
Populated places in Talca Province
Communes of Chile
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pake%20doublet
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A Pake Doublet (or "Pake Pattern") is a characteristic line shape seen in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was first described by George Pake.
It arises from dipolar coupling between isolated two spin-1/2 nuclei, or from transitions in quadrupolar nuclei such as deuterium. It is the general shape obtained from an orientationally dependent doublet. The "horns" of the Pake doublet correspond to the situation when the principal axis of the coupling interaction (the internuclear vector in the case dipolar coupling and the principal component of the electric field gradient tensor for quadrupolar nuclei) is perpendicular to the magnetic field. This situation is the most probable and the intensity is much higher. The "feet" of the lineshape correspond to the situation when the principal axis of the coupling interaction is parallel to the magnetic field which is much less statistically relevant.
Pake was the first to describe this lineshape and used it to extract the proton-proton distance from his experiments on a single crystal and powdered hydrates of gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O). This made it possible to experimentally determine the internuclear distance between the hydrogen atoms in water.
In solids with vacant positions, dipole coupling is averaged partially due to water diffusion which proceeds according to the symmetry of the solids and the probability distribution of molecules between the vacancies. In the case the av
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-organising%20heuristic
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In computing, a Self-organising heuristic is an algorithm that modifies a data structure such as a linked list in response to use of the data structure.
Examples might be:
Move-to-front (or 'Move to top')
Self-learning Frequency list (or 'Order by access frequency')
Re-insert at random position
Move to back
Example Applications
Move to front, or Order by access frequency, might be used to organize a cache of information, so that frequently used, or recently used information is at the top (and so can be found quickly, without having to traverse the whole list).
Order by frequency might be used to re-arrange a list of options in a GUI menu, so that the top ones are the ones most commonly selected by the user.
Re-insert at random or Move to back might be used to organise a list of mirror servers, so that once a server has been used for downloading, it goes to the back of the queue, to discourage the user from selecting it again.
Heuristics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree%20sort
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A tree sort is a sort algorithm that builds a binary search tree from the elements to be sorted, and then traverses the tree (in-order) so that the elements come out in sorted order. Its typical use is sorting elements online: after each insertion, the set of elements seen so far is available in sorted order.
Tree sort can be used as a one-time sort, but it is equivalent to quicksort as both recursively partition the elements based on a pivot, and since quicksort is in-place and has lower overhead, tree sort has few advantages over quicksort. It has better worst case complexity when a self-balancing tree is used, but even more overhead.
Efficiency
Adding one item to a binary search tree is on average an process (in big O notation). Adding n items is an process, making tree sorting a 'fast sort' process. Adding an item to an unbalanced binary tree requires time in the worst-case: When the tree resembles a linked list (degenerate tree). This results in a worst case of time for this sorting algorithm.
This worst case occurs when the algorithm operates on an already sorted set, or one that is nearly sorted, reversed or nearly reversed. Expected time can however be achieved by shuffling the array, but this does not help for equal items.
The worst-case behaviour can be improved by using a self-balancing binary search tree. Using such a tree, the algorithm has an worst-case performance, thus being degree-optimal for a comparison sort. However, tree sort algorithms require
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland%20High%20School%20%28Rhode%20Island%29
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Cumberland High School is a public school located in Cumberland, Rhode Island. In its current location since 1962, the school serves approximately 1,500 students.
Statistics
History
The current building was built in 1961 and renovated in 1973. The town's mayor presented a capital improvement plan for the school in 2002, but funding was limited and residents questioned the project's first phase plans for a wellness center (athletic complex). A few months later, the New England Association of Schools and Colleges gave the school until October 2005 to improve the school's facilities and technology or have its accreditation status placed on probation.
A town referendum was held in September 2005 asking voters to approve the town borrowing $30 million to renovate Cumberland High School. The referendum's success is credited in part to a student group called Save Our Schools, which had been organized as part of the school's requirement of 15 hours of teacher-supervised service learning.
NASSP (the National Association of Secondary School Principals) designated Alan Tenreiro of Cumberland High School as 2016 National Principal of the Year.
Campus
Cumberland High school has three main buildings. The Main building houses the school cafeteria, main office, and the majority of the CHS's classrooms and resources. The Transitional building is a circular shaped building primarily houses the ninth grade class including lockers. Additionally, the Transitional building is home to th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous%20intrusion
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In geology, an igneous intrusion (or intrusive body or simply intrusion) is a body of intrusive igneous rock that forms by crystallization of magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth. Intrusions have a wide variety of forms and compositions, illustrated by examples like the Palisades Sill of New York and New Jersey; the Henry Mountains of Utah; the Bushveld Igneous Complex of South Africa; Shiprock in New Mexico; the Ardnamurchan intrusion in Scotland; and the Sierra Nevada Batholith of California.
Because the solid country rock into which magma intrudes is an excellent insulator, cooling of the magma is extremely slow, and intrusive igneous rock is coarse-grained (phaneritic). Intrusive igneous rocks are classified separately from extrusive igneous rocks, generally on the basis of their mineral content. The relative amounts of quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and feldspathoid is particularly important in classifying intrusive igneous rocks.
Intrusions must displace existing country rock to make room for themselves. The question of how this takes place is called the room problem, and it remains a subject of active investigation for many kinds of intrusions.
The term pluton is poorly defined, but has been used to describe an intrusion emplaced at great depth; as a synonym for all igneous intrusions; as a dustbin category for intrusions whose size or character are not well determined; or as a name for a very large intrusion or for a crystallized magma chambe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/META%20II
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META II is a domain-specific programming language for writing compilers. It was created in 1963–1964 by Dewey Val Schorre at UCLA. META II uses what Schorre called syntax equations. Its operation is simply explained as:
Each syntax equation is translated into a recursive subroutine which tests the input string for a particular phrase structure, and deletes it if found.
Meta II programs are compiled into an interpreted byte code language. VALGOL and SMALGOL compilers illustrating its capabilities were written in the META II language, VALGOL is a simple algebraic language designed for the purpose of illustrating META II. SMALGOL was a fairly large subset of ALGOL 60.
Notation
META II was first written in META I, a hand-compiled version of META II. The history is unclear as to whether META I was a full implementation of META II or a required subset of the META II language required to compile the full META II compiler.
In its documentation, META II is described as resembling BNF, which today is explained as a production grammar. META II is an analytical grammar. In the TREE-META document these languages were described as reductive grammars.
For example, in BNF, an arithmetic expression may be defined as:
<expr> := <term> | <expr> <addop> <term>
BNF rules are today production rules describing how constituent parts may be assembled to form only valid language constructs. A parser does the opposite taking language constructs apart. META II is a stack-based functional parser p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asshole%20%28disambiguation%29
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Asshole or arsehole is a vulgar term for the anus, or an insult derived from this meaning.
Asshole may also refer to:
Asshole (album), by Gene Simmons
"Asshole", a song by Gene Simmons from his album, Asshole
"Asshole" (song), by Denis Leary
"Asshole", a song by Eminem from his album, The Marshall Mathers LP 2
"Asshole", a song by Ronnie Radke from his mixtape, Watch Me
Asshole (EP), an EP by Sebadoh
Assholes: A Theory, a 2012 non-fiction book by Aaron James
Assholes: A Theory, a 2019 film directed by John Walker based on the book by Aaron James
Asshole (card game)
See also
Arsole, arsenic-containing chemical compound
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy%20mapping
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In genetics, HAPPY Mapping, first proposed by Paul H. Dear and Peter R. Cook in 1989, is a method used to study the linkage between two or more DNA sequences. According to the Single Molecule Genomics Group, it is "Mapping based on the analysis of approximately HAPloid DNA samples using the PolYmerase chain reaction". In genomics, HAPPY mapping can be applied to assess the synteny and orientation of various DNA sequences across a particular genome - the generation of a "genomic" map.
As with linkage mapping, HAPPY mapping relies on the differential probability of two or more DNA sequences being separated. In genetic mapping, the probability of a recombination event between two genetic loci on the same chromosome is directly proportional to the distance between them. HAPPY mapping replaces recombination with fragmentation - instead of relying on recombination to separate genetic loci, the entire genome is fragmented, for example, by radiation or mechanical shearing. If the DNA is broken on a random basis, the longer the distance between two DNA sequences, the higher the chances of it to break between the two, and vice versa.
HAPPY mapping retains the benefits of genetic mapping while removing some of the problems associated with recombination. I.e., the need for polymorphism, and breeding. Also, recombination can be locale specific whereas breakage of genomic DNA by radiation or mechanical shearing seems to be more random. It has been used to genetically map several organis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20accelerated%20regions
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Human accelerated regions (HARs), first described in August 2006, are a set of 49 segments of the human genome that are conserved throughout vertebrate evolution but are strikingly different in humans. They are named according to their degree of difference between humans and chimpanzees (HAR1 showing the largest degree of human-chimpanzee differences). Found by scanning through genomic databases of multiple species, some of these highly mutated areas may contribute to human-specific traits. Others may represent loss of functional mutations, possibly due to the action of biased gene conversion rather than adaptive evolution.
Several of the HARs encompass genes known to produce proteins important in neurodevelopment. HAR1 is a 106-base pair stretch found on the long arm of chromosome 20 overlapping with part of the RNA genes HAR1F and HAR1R. HAR1F is active in the developing human brain. The HAR1 sequence is found (and conserved) in chickens and chimpanzees but is not present in fish or frogs that have been studied. There are 18 base pair mutations different between humans and chimpanzees, far more than expected by its history of conservation.
HAR2 includes HACNS1 a gene enhancer "that may have contributed to the evolution of the uniquely opposable human thumb, and possibly also modifications in the ankle or foot that allow humans to walk on two legs". Evidence to date shows that of the 110,000 gene enhancer sequences identified in the human genome, HACNS1 has undergone the m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20accelerated%20region%201
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In molecular biology, Human Accelerated Region 1 (Highly Accelerated Region 1, HAR1) is a segment of the human genome found on the long arm of chromosome 20. It is a human accelerated region. It is located within a pair of overlapping long non-coding RNA genes, HAR1A (HAR1F) and HAR1B (HAR1R).
HAR1A
HAR1A is expressed in Cajal–Retzius cells, contemporaneously with the protein reelin.
HAR1A was identified in August 2006 when human accelerated regions (HARs) were first investigated. These 49 regions represent parts of the human genome that differ significantly from highly conserved regions of our closest ancestors in terms of evolution. Many of the HARs are associated with genes known to play a role in neurodevelopment. One particularly altered region, HAR1, was found in a stretch of genome with no known protein-coding RNA sequences. Two RNA genes, HAR1F and HAR1R, were identified partly within the region. The RNA structure of HAR1A has been shown to be stable, with a secondary structure unlike those previously described.
HAR1A is active in the developing human brain between the 7th and 18th gestational weeks. It is found in the dorsal telencephalon in fetuses. In adult humans, it is found throughout the cerebellum and forebrain; it is also found in the testes. There is evidence that HAR1 is repressed by REST in individuals with Huntington's disease, perhaps contributing to the neurodegeneration associated with the disease.
Further work on the secondary structure of HAR1A h
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merocrine
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Merocrine (or eccrine) is a term used to classify exocrine glands and their secretions in the study of histology. A cell is classified as merocrine if the secretions of that cell are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and then onto a bodily surface or into the lumen.
Merocrine is the most common manner of secretion. The gland releases its product and no part of the gland is lost or damaged (compare holocrine and apocrine).
The term eccrine is specifically used to designate merocrine secretions from sweat glands (eccrine sweat glands), although the term merocrine is often used interchangeably.
Examples
Certain sweat glands
References
External links
Secretory Diagram
Exocrine system
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekrasovite
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See Nekrasov Cossacks for another meaning
Nekrasovite is a rare copper vanadium sulfosalt mineral with formula . It crystallizes in the isometric system and occurs as small grains in ore aggregates. It is a brown opaque metallic mineral with Mohs hardness of 4.5 and a specific gravity of 4.62.
It was first described in 1984 in the Kayragach (Qayragʻoch) Au-Te ore deposit, Ohangaron District, Tashkent Region, eastern Uzbekistan and named for Russian mineralogist .
References
External links
Mindat data with locations
Webmineral data
Mineral Data Publishing - PDF
Copper minerals
Vanadium minerals
Sulfosalt minerals
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 218
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficken
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Ficken is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dieter Ficken, German U.S. soccer player
Gene Ficken, Democratic politician
Katherine Cutler Ficken, American architect
Millicent S. Ficken, American ornithologist
Sam Ficken, American football player
See also
Fick
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Empire
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Crystal Empire is the second full-length album by the German power metal band Freedom Call. It was released on 22 January 2001 by Steamhammer. It was the last Freedom Call album with Sascha Gerstner, who later joined Helloween.
Track list
Credits
Chris Bay – vocals, guitar, keyboards
Sascha Gerstner – guitar
Ilker Ersin – bass guitar
Dan Zimmermann – drums
Guests
Choirs: Rolf Kholer, Olaf Senkbeil, Janie Dixon, Mitch Schmitt
Bass guitar on tracks 4, 6, 7 and 9: Stefan Heimer
References
2001 albums
Freedom Call albums
SPV/Steamhammer albums
Albums produced by Charlie Bauerfeind
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane%20stress
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In continuum mechanics, a material is said to be under plane stress if the stress vector is zero across a particular plane. When that situation occurs over an entire element of a structure, as is often the case for thin plates, the stress analysis is considerably simplified, as the stress state can be represented by a tensor of dimension 2 (representable as a 2×2 matrix rather than 3×3). A related notion, plane strain, is often applicable to very thick members.
Plane stress typically occurs in thin flat plates that are acted upon only by load forces that are parallel to them. In certain situations, a gently curved thin plate may also be assumed to have plane stress for the purpose of stress analysis. This is the case, for example, of a thin-walled cylinder filled with a fluid under pressure. In such cases, stress components perpendicular to the plate are negligible compared to those parallel to it.
In other situations, however, the bending stress of a thin plate cannot be neglected. One can still simplify the analysis by using a two-dimensional domain, but the plane stress tensor at each point must be complemented with bending terms.
Mathematical definition
Mathematically, the stress at some point in the material is a plane stress if one of the three principal stresses (the eigenvalues of the Cauchy stress tensor) is zero. That is, there is Cartesian coordinate system in which the stress tensor has the form
For example, consider a rectangular block of material m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperchromicity
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Hyperchromicity is the increase of absorbance (optical density) of a material. The most famous example is the hyperchromicity of DNA that occurs when the DNA duplex is denatured. The UV absorption is increased when the two single DNA strands are being separated, either by heat or by addition of denaturant or by increasing the pH level. The opposite, a decrease of absorbance is called hypochromicity.
Hyperchromicity in DNA denaturation
Heat denaturation of DNA, also called melting, causes the double helix structure to unwind to form single stranded DNA. When DNA in solution is heated above its melting temperature (usually more than 80 °C), the double-stranded DNA unwinds to form single-stranded DNA. The bases become unstacked and can thus absorb more light. In their native state, the bases of DNA absorb light in the 260-nm wavelength region. When the bases become unstacked, the wavelength of maximum absorbance does not change, but the amount absorbed increases by 37%. A double stranded DNA strand dissociating to two single strands produces a sharp cooperative transition.
Hyperchromicity can be used to track the condition of DNA as temperature changes. The transition/melting temperature (Tm) is the temperature where the absorbance of UV light is 50% between the maximum and minimum, i.e. where 50% of the DNA is denatured. A ten fold increase of monovalent cation concentration increases the temperature by 16.6 °C.
The hyperchromic effect is the striking increase in absorbanc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENRS
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ENRS may refer to:
Entreprise nationale de Radiodiffusion sonore, an Algerian broadcasting company
Røst Airport, ICAO airport code
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Story%20%28surname%29
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The surname Story (and its variant spelling Storey) originates from the Old Norse personal epithet “Stóri”, a derivative of “Storr” which means “large” or “big”. Even though it has been established that the root of the name is “Storr”, R.E.K. Rigbeye, in his book The Storey’s of Old claims that the suffix “ey[e]”, in the variant of Storey, is equivalent to the Icelandic “ig” and signifies “water”. According to him, “Storr” also denotes large in the sense of vast and rough. Rigbeye's assumption therefore, is that “Storey” means "dweller by large and rough water". This may be explained by the Norse affinity to sea exploration, or the fact that the first Storys settled near the Lake District, and so the name might refer to the habitation which they chose. The earliest Norse settlement of which the first Storys would have been a part, took place in the 9th century north of Carlisle near the Solway Firth. This area then known as Strathclyde, was situated in the northwestern part of England, along the Scottish border. The earliest Storys would have settled on the English side of the border, most likely in the plains along the river Eden. The English or Anglo-Saxon population, among whom the Norse settled, spoke a similar language but pronounced many words in a different way. So, “Storr” among the Norse would have been enunciated as “Styr” in English.
History
One of the earliest mentions of the name is “Styr (Saxon for Stor) who gave the manor of Durham with other places to the Abb
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboxane%20receptor
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The thromboxane receptor (TP) also known as the prostanoid TP receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBXA2R gene, The thromboxane receptor is one among the five classes of prostanoid receptors and was the first eicosanoid receptor cloned. The TP receptor derives its name from its preferred endogenous ligand thromboxane A2.
Gene
The gene responsible for directing the synthesis of the thromboxane receptor, TBXA2R, is located on human chromosome 19 at position p13.3, spans 15 kilobases, and contains 5 exons. TBXA2R codes for a member of the G protein-coupled super family of seven-transmembrane receptors.
Heterogeneity
Molecular biology findings have provided definitive evidence for two human TP receptor subtypes. The originally cloned TP subtype from human placenta is known as the α isoform and the splice variant cloned from endothelium (with 407 amino acids) is termed the β isoform. The first 328 amino acids are the same for both isoforms, but the β isoform exhibits an extended C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Both isoforms stimulate cells in part by activating the Gq family of G proteins. In at least certain cell types, however, TPα also stimulates cells by activating the Gs family of G proteins while TPβ also stimulates cells by activating the Gi class of G proteins. This leads to the stimulation or inhibition, respectively, of adenylate cyclase activity and thereby very different cellular responses. Differences in their C-terminal tail sequence also allow
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Richards
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Dick Richards (born 1936) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. Known as a storyteller and an "actor’s director", Richards worked with Robert Mitchum, Gene Hackman, Martin Sheen, Blythe Danner, Catherine Deneuve, Alan Arkin, Wilford Brimley, and many others.
Career
Photography
Born and raised in New York, Richards rose to prominence during the 1960s advertising revolution, becoming a world-renowned photographer and commercial director with clients including Coca-Cola, Volkswagen, Polaroid, General Motors, Hertz, Pepsi, etc.
His celebrated advertising work won every major industry award including the Cannes Lion for best worldwide commercial, as well as multiple Clio’s and New York Art Director Awards. Pauline Kael referred to Richards as "a photographer who became a whiz at TV commercials [before directing movies]".
Film
After years in the New York commercial world, Richards moved to Hollywood and directed his first feature film, The Culpepper Cattle Co. (1972), which was praised for its historical accuracy and period atmosphere. The film won Richards the WGA's Screen Writer's Annual Story Award and earned Jerry Bruckheimer his first film credit as associate producer. Richards and Bruckheimer, friends from their commercial days, went on to make three more movies together.
After seeing his directorial debut, Universal Pictures producers Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown hired Richards to direct the film Jaws. They soon grew irritated by Richards's habi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalefection
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Impalefection is a method of gene delivery using nanomaterials, such as carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, nanowires. Needle-like nanostructures are synthesized perpendicular to the surface of a substrate. Plasmid DNA containing the gene, and intended for intracellular delivery, is attached to the nanostructure surface. A chip with arrays of these needles is then pressed against cells or tissue. Cells that are impaled by nanostructures can express the delivered gene(s).
As one of the types of transfection, the term is derived from two words – impalement and infection.
Applications
One of the features of impalefection is spatially resolved gene delivery that holds potential for such tissue engineering approaches in wound healing as gene activated matrix technology. Though impalefection is an efficient approach in vitro, it has not yet been effectively used in vivo on live organisms and tissues.
Carrier materials
Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays prepared by photolithography and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition are one of the suitable types of material. Silicon nanowires are another choice of nanoneedles that have been utilized for impalefection.
See also
Nanomedicine
Tim McKnight
References
External links
"Intracellular integration of synthetic nanostructures with viable cells for controlled biochemical manipulation"
Nanomaterials
Laboratory techniques
Biotechnology
Gene delivery
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fucosidase
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Tissue alpha-L-fucosidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FUCA1 gene.
Alpha-Fucosidase is an enzyme that breaks down fucose.
Fucosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by defective alpha-L-fucosidase with accumulation of fucose in the tissues. Different phenotypes include clinical features such as neurologic deterioration, growth retardation, visceromegaly, and seizures in a severe early form; coarse facial features, angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, spasticity and delayed psychomotor development in a longer surviving form; and an unusual spondylometaphyseoepiphyseal dysplasia in yet another form.[supplied by OMIM]
See also
Fucosidosis
References
Further reading
External links
Enzymes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NNLS
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NNLS may refer to
Non-negative least squares, an optimization problem in mathematics
New North London Synagogue, see Sternberg Centre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelioid
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Epithelioid may refer to:
Epithelioid cell, a cell that resembles epithelial cells
Epithelioid sarcoma, a soft tissue tumour
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, a vascular tumour occurring in the lining of blood vessels
Epithelioid blue nevus, a melanocytic nevus
Epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma, a group of vascular neoplasms
Epithelioid and spindle-cell nevus, a benign melanocytic lesion affecting the epidermis and dermis
Epithelioid hemangioma
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma, a skin condition similar to dermatofibroma
External links
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynurenic%20acid
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Kynurenic acid (KYNA or KYN) is a product of the normal metabolism of amino acid -tryptophan. It has been shown that kynurenic acid possesses neuroactive activity. It acts as an antiexcitotoxic and anticonvulsant, most likely through acting as an antagonist at excitatory amino acid receptors. Because of this activity, it may influence important neurophysiological and neuropathological processes. As a result, kynurenic acid has been considered for use in therapy in certain neurobiological disorders. Conversely, increased levels of kynurenic acid have also been linked to certain pathological conditions.
Kynurenic acid was discovered in 1853 by the German chemist Justus von Liebig in dog urine, which it was apparently named after.
It is formed from -kynurenine in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme kynurenine—oxoglutarate transaminase.
Mechanism of action
KYNA has been proposed to act on five targets:
As an antagonist at ionotropic AMPA, NMDA and Kainate glutamate receptors in the concentration range of 0.1-2.5 mM.
As a noncompetitive antagonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor.
As an antagonist of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. However, recently (2011) direct recording of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor currents in adult (noncultured) hippocampal interneurons by the Cooper laboratory validated a 2009 study that failed to find any blocking effect of kynurenic acid across a wide range of concentrations, thus suggesting that in noncultured, intact pre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal%20variance-mean%20mixture
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In probability theory and statistics, a normal variance-mean mixture with mixing probability density is the continuous probability distribution of a random variable of the form
where , and are real numbers, and random variables and are independent, is normally distributed with mean zero and variance one, and is continuously distributed on the positive half-axis with probability density function . The conditional distribution of given is thus a normal distribution with mean and variance . A normal variance-mean mixture can be thought of as the distribution of a certain quantity in an inhomogeneous population consisting of many different normal distributed subpopulations. It is the distribution of the position of a Wiener process (Brownian motion) with drift and infinitesimal variance observed at a random time point independent of the Wiener process and with probability density function . An important example of normal variance-mean mixtures is the generalised hyperbolic distribution in which the mixing distribution is the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution.
The probability density function of a normal variance-mean mixture with mixing probability density is
and its moment generating function is
where is the moment generating function of the probability distribution with density function , i.e.
See also
Normal-inverse Gaussian distribution
Variance-gamma distribution
Generalised hyperbolic distribution
References
O.E Barndorff-Nielsen, J. K
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Arrowsmith
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Cheryl H. Arrowsmith is a Canadian structural biologist and is the Chief Scientist at the Toronto laboratory of the Structural Genomics Consortium. Her contributions to protein structural biology includes the use of NMR and X-ray crystallography to pursue structures of proteins on a proteome wide scale.
She received her Ph.D. in chemistry at the University of Toronto in 1987 and post-doctoral training at Stanford University working with Oleg Jardetzky. One of her areas of interest is the tumour suppressor p53 and related proteins.
Her current research is to determine the 3-dimensional structures of human proteins of therapeutic relevance by structural proteomics. She has made significant contributions to epigenetic signaling in the context of drug discovery.
Arrowsmith was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2015.
References
Living people
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian company founders
Technology company founders
Canadian women company founders
Structural biologists
Canadian geneticists
Canadian biochemists
Women biochemists
Canadian women geneticists
Canadian women biologists
Canadian women chemists
21st-century Canadian women scientists
21st-century Canadian biologists
21st-century chemists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Point-to-Point%20Compression
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Microsoft Point-to-Point Compression (MPPC; described in RFC 2118) is a streaming data compression algorithm based on an implementation of Lempel–Ziv using a sliding window buffer. According to Hifn's IP statement, MPPC was patent-encumbered (last US patent granted on 1996-07-02).
Whereas V.44 or V.42bis operate at layer 1 on the OSI model, MPPC operates on layer 2, giving it a significant advantage in terms of computing resources available to it. The dialup modem's in-built compression (V.44 or V.42bis) can only occur after the data has been serially transmitted to the modem, typically at a maximum rate of 115,200 bit/s. MPPC, as it is controlled by the operating system, can receive as much data as it wishes to compress, before forwarding it on to the modem.
The modem's hardware must not delay data too much, while waiting for more to compress in one packet, otherwise an unacceptable latency level will result. It also cannot afford to, as this would require both sizable computing resources (on the scale of a modem) as well as significant buffer RAM. Software compression such as MPPC is free to use the host computer's resources, exceeding the modem's by several orders of magnitude. This allows it to keep a much larger buffer to work on at any one time, and it processes through a given amount of data much faster.
The end result is that where V.44 may achieve a maximum of 4:1 compression (230 kbit/s) but is usually limited to 115.2 kbit/s, MPPC is capable of a maximum of 8:1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine%20papillomavirus
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Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are a paraphyletic group of DNA viruses of the subfamily Firstpapillomavirinae of Papillomaviridae that are common in cattle. All BPVs have a circular double-stranded DNA genome. Infection causes warts (papillomas and fibropapillomas) of the skin and alimentary tract, and more rarely cancers of the alimentary tract and urinary bladder. They are also thought to cause the skin tumour equine sarcoid in horses and donkeys.
BPVs have been used as a model for studying papillomavirus molecular biology and for dissecting the mechanisms by which this group of viruses cause cancer.
Structure and genetic organisation
Like other papillomaviruses, BPVs are small non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral capsid around 50–60 nm in diameter. The capsid is formed of the L1 and L2 structural proteins, with the L1 C-terminus exposed.
All BPVs have a circular double-stranded DNA genome of 7.3–8.0 kb. The genetic organisation of those BPVs which have been sequenced is broadly similar to other papillomaviruses. The open reading frames (ORFs) are all located on one strand, and are divided into early and late regions. The early region encodes nonstructural proteins E1 to E7. There are three viral oncoproteins, E5, E6 and E7; BPVs of the Xipapillomavirus group lack E6. The late region encodes structural proteins L1 and L2. There is also a non-coding long control region (LCR).
Types
Six types of BPV have been characterised, BPV-1 to BPV-6, which are divided into three
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein%20B%20deficiency
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Apolipoprotein B deficiency is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from a missense mutation which reduces the affinity of apoB-100 for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL Receptor). This causes impairments in LDL catabolism, resulting in increased levels of low-density lipoprotein in the blood. The clinical manifestations are similar to diseases produced by mutations of the LDL receptor, such as familial hypercholesterolemia. Treatment may include, niacin or statin or ezetimibe.
It is also known as "normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia".
See also
Familial hypercholesterolemia
References
External links
Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism
Lipid metabolism disorders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamoyl%20phosphate%20synthetase%20I%20deficiency
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Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency (CPS I deficiency) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that causes ammonia to accumulate in the blood due to a lack of the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I. Ammonia, which is formed when proteins are broken down in the body, is toxic if the levels become too high. The nervous system is especially sensitive to the effects of excess ammonia.
Signs and symptoms
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency often becomes evident in the first few days of life. An infant with this condition may be lacking in energy (lethargic) or unwilling to eat, and have a poorly controlled breathing rate or body temperature. Some babies with this disorder may experience seizures or unusual body movements, or go into a coma. Complications of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency may include developmental delay and mental retardation.
In some affected individuals, signs and symptoms of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency may be less severe, and may not appear until later in life.
Genetics
CPS I deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is located on an autosome, and two copies of the defective gene (one inherited from each parent) are required in order to be born with the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder both carry one copy of the defective gene, but usually do not experience any signs or symptoms of the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylmalonic%20encephalopathy
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Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism. Patients affected with EE are typically identified shortly after birth, with symptoms including diarrhea, petechiae and seizures. The genetic defect in EE is thought to involve an impairment in the degradation of sulfide intermediates in the body. Hydrogen sulfide then builds up to toxic levels. EE was initially described in 1994. Most cases of EE have been described in individuals of Mediterranean or Arabic origin.
Signs and symptoms
Neurologic signs and symptoms include progressively delayed development, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), seizures, and abnormal movements. The body's network of blood vessels is also affected. Children with this disorder may experience rashes of tiny red spots (petechiae) caused by bleeding under the skin and blue discoloration in the hands and feet due to reduced oxygen in the blood (acrocyanosis). Chronic diarrhea is another common feature of ethylmalonic encephalopathy. EE is often identified by urine organic acid analysis, the excretion of ethylmalonic acid, methylsuccinic acid, isobutyrylglycine and isovalerylglucine. Patients will also often have elevated thiosulphate concentration in their urine.
The signs and symptoms of ethylmalonic encephalopathy are apparent at birth or begin in the first few months of life. Problems with the nervous system typically worsen over time, and most affected individuals survive only into early childhood. A few
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20%28nutrient%29
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Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue and can also serve as a fuel source. As a fuel, proteins provide as much energy density as carbohydrates: 4 kcal (17 kJ) per gram; in contrast, lipids provide 9 kcal (37 kJ) per gram. The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.
Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions. This is crucial for the absorption of the essential amino acids that cannot be biosynthesized by the body.
There are nine essential amino acids which humans must obtain from their diet in order to prevent protein-energy malnutrition and resulting death. They are phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine. There has been debate as to whether there are 8 or 9 essential amino acids. The consensus seems to lean towards 9 since histidine is not synthesized in adults. There are five amino acids which humans are able to synthesize in the body. These five are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid and serine. There are six conditionally essential amino acids whose synthesis can be limited under special pathophysiological conditions, such as prematurity in the infant or individuals in severe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20John%20Britten
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Roy John Britten (1 October 1919 – 21 January 2012) was an American molecular biologist known for his discovery of repeated DNA sequences in the genomes of eukaryotic organisms, and later on the evolution of the genome.
Early life and education
Roy Britten was born in Washington, D.C. He attended Upper Canada College in Toronto, Ontario, and then went to the University of Virginia to study physics. He enrolled at Johns Hopkins University as a graduate student in physics in 1940. At the beginning of World War II, he was recruited to work on the Manhattan Project. In 1951, he received his Ph.D. from Princeton University. His Ph.D. thesis was entitled The Scattering of 32 MeV Protons from Several Elements.
Scientific career
From 1951 to 1971, he was a staff member at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. While there he attended the phage course at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and started working on the processes by which genetic information becomes expressed as proteins. This work was conducted with colleagues Bill H. Hoyer, Brian J. McCarthy, Ellis T. Bolton, Richard B. Roberts, David Kohne, and others. This work led him to want to understand the structure of the chromosome, which was little understood at the time. He developed a new method to explore the sequence structure of DNA using the idea of DNA hybridization. Through this work, he showed that eukaryotic genomes have many repetitive, non-coding DNA sequences, known as re
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