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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnase
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Barnase (a portmanteau of "BActerial" "RiboNucleASE") is a bacterial protein that consists of 110 amino acids and has ribonuclease activity. It is synthesized and secreted by the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, but is lethal to the cell when expressed without its inhibitor barstar. The inhibitor binds to and occludes the ribonuclease active site, preventing barnase from damaging the cell's RNA after it has been synthesized but before it has been secreted. The barnase/barstar complex is noted for its extraordinarily tight protein-protein binding, with an on-rate of 108s−1M−1.
Protein folding studies
Barnase has no disulfide bonds, nor does it require divalent cations or non-peptide components to fold. This simplicity, in combination with its reversible folding transition, means that barnase has been extensively studied in order to understand how proteins fold. The folding of barnase has been extensively studied in the laboratory of Alan Fersht, who used it as the test case in developing a method of characterizing protein folding transition states known as phi value analysis.
Active site and catalytic mechanism
Barnase catalyzes hydrolysis at diribonucleotide GpN sites. Cleavage occurs in two steps using a general acid-base mechanism: a cyclic intermediate is formed during the first transesterification step, which is then hydrolysed to release the cleaved RNA. The two most important residues involved in catalysis are Glu73 and His102, which are both essential for enzym
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barstar
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Barstar is a small protein synthesized by the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Its function is to inhibit the ribonuclease activity of its binding partner barnase, with which it forms an extraordinarily tightly bound complex within the cell until barnase is secreted. Expression of barstar is necessary to counter the lethal effect of expressed active barnase. The structure of the barnase-barnstar complex is known.
Barstar is compatible and a dual gene promoter in enhanced expression systems. The barnase gene can work with specific inhibitors and use reconstruction on plasmids of the same genetics. Barnase gene function works intracellularly on its inhibitor and produces bindings gathered cohesively. Barstar and barnase connect through binding, which allows activity such as protecting host cells throughout the enzymatic undertaking. The imperative process of the intracellular function through this enzyme allows for a decrease in impact on its RNA molecules.
Gene interaction
The process in which began the evolvement of Barnase and Barstar was its unsheathing process deriving out of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The interaction began in the DMH-11 Mustard gene brought to interaction to prevent hermaphroditism. The gene interaction modification has the ability to enable amino acids in a manner of natural and unnatural pathways. Encoding procession such as charging aaRS onto tRNA. Tis allows synthesis through remote plasmid channels. Alternative genetic material encrypted in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF%20power%20amplifier
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A radio-frequency power amplifier (RF power amplifier) is a type of electronic amplifier that converts a low-power radio-frequency signal into a higher-power signal. Typically, RF power amplifiers are used in the final stage of a radio transmitter, their output driving the antenna. Design goals often include gain, power output, bandwidth, power efficiency, linearity (low signal compression at rated output), input and output impedance matching, and heat dissipation.
Amplifier classes
RF amplifier circuits operate in different modes, called "classes", based on how much of the cycle of the sinusoidal radio signal the amplifier (transistor or vacuum tube) is conducting current. Some classes are class A, class AB, class B, which are considered the linear amplifier classes in which the active device is used as a controlled current source, while class C is a nonlinear class in which the active device is used as a switch. The bias at the input of the active device determines the class of the amplifier.
A common trade-off in power amplifier design is the trade-off between efficiency and linearity. The previously named classes become more efficient, but less linear, in the order they are listed. Operating the active device as a switch results in higher efficiency, theoretically up to 100%, but lower linearity. Among the switch-mode classes are class D, class F and class E. The class D amplifier is not often used in RF applications because the finite switching speed of the active de
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYD88
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Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the MYD88 gene.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of MYD88 function. The gene was originally discovered and cloned by Dan Liebermann and Barbara Hoffman in mice. In that species it is a universal adapter protein as it is used by almost all TLRs (except TLR 3) to activate the transcription factor NF-κB. Mal (also known as TIRAP) is necessary to recruit Myd88 to TLR 2 and TLR 4, and MyD88 then signals through IRAK. It also interacts functionally with amyloid formation and behavior in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
A conditional knockout mouse line, called Myd88tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty-one tests were carried out on homozygous mutant animals, revealing one abnormality: male mutants had an increased susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Function
The MYD88 gene provides instructions for making a protein involved in signaling within immune cells. The MyD88 protein acts as an adapter, connecting proteins that receive signals from outside the cell to the proteins that relay signals inside the cell.
In innate immunity, the MyD88 plays a pivo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%20Norway
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Arm Norway is a fabless semiconductor company based in Trondheim, Norway founded in 2001, as Falanx Microsystems AS. Falanx Microsystems was spun off a 1998 research project from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. It was acquired by ARM Holdings in June 2006, and renamed to Arm Norway.
Arm Norway works with Arm' Cambridge and Austin design centres to develop graphics processing units for OpenGL, OpenGL ES, DirectX and Vulkan three-dimensional rendering, with emphasis on low electric power consumption, suitable for use in portable devices like mobile phones. Their products are marketed under the Mali brand. Other Mali products include hardware acceleration for image, video and display processing.
See also
Free and open-source graphics device driver#Arm
References
External links
ARM Mali Silicon IP Multimedia Overview
ARM Graphics and Multimedia Processors Developer Resources
Arm Ltd.
Computer companies of Norway
Companies based in Trondheim
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai%20Michalke
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Kai Michalke (born 5 April 1976) is German former professional footballer who played as a forward or left winger.
Career statistics
Honours
Germany U16
UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship: 1992
References
External links
Living people
1976 births
Footballers from Bochum
German men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Germany men's under-21 international footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Eredivisie players
VfL Bochum players
Hertha BSC players
1. FC Nürnberg players
Alemannia Aachen players
MSV Duisburg players
Heracles Almelo players
SG Wattenscheid 09 players
German expatriate men's footballers
German expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
West German men's footballers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis%20in%20Chicago
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Curtis in Chicago is a 1973 live album by Curtis Mayfield and others. Mayfield is joined by The Impressions, Jerry Butler, Gene Chandler and others in a review of Mayfield's then-fifteen years as a recording artist.
Track listing
All tracks written and composed by Curtis Mayfield unless otherwise noted.
"Superfly" - Curtis Mayfield
"For Your Precious Love" (Arthur Brooks, Richard Brooks, Jerry Butler) - Curtis Mayfield, Jerry Butler and The Impressions
"I'm So Proud" - The Impressions
"For Once in My Life" (Orlando Murden, Ronald Miller) - The Impressions
"Preacher Man" - The Impressions
"If I Were Only a Child Again" - Curtis Mayfield
"Duke of Earl" (Gene Chandler, Earl Edwards, Bernice Williams) - Gene Chandler
"Love Oh Love" (Janice Hutson, Leroy Hutson, Michael Hawkins) - Leroy Hutson
"Amen" (Mayfield, Johnny Pate) - Curtis Mayfield, Gene Chandler, Leroy Hutson and The Impressions
References
Curtis Mayfield live albums
1973 live albums
Curtom Records live albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOMT
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FOMT may refer to:
Harvest_Moon:_Friends_of_Mineral_Town, a video game
Tricetin 3',4',5'-O-trimethyltransferase, an enzyme
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20integrity
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Biological integrity is associated with how "pristine" an environment is and its function relative to the potential or original state of an ecosystem before human alterations were imposed. Biological integrity is built on the assumption that a decline in the values of an ecosystem's functions are primarily caused by human activity or alterations. The more an environment and its original processes are altered, the less biological integrity it holds for the community as a whole. If these processes were to change over time naturally, without human influence, the integrity of the ecosystem would remain intact. The integrity of the ecosystem relies heavily on the processes that occur within it because those determine what organisms can inhabit an area and the complexities of their interactions. Most of the applications of the notion of biological integrity have addressed aquatic environments, but there have been efforts to apply the concept to terrestrial environments. Determining the pristine condition of the ecosystem is in theory scientifically derived, but deciding which of the many possible states or conditions of an ecosystem is the appropriate or desirable goal is a political or policy decision and is typically the focus of policy and political disagreements. Ecosystem health is a related concept but differs from biological integrity in that the "desired condition" of the ecosystem or environment is explicitly based on the values or priorities of society.
History
The con
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folded%20normal%20distribution
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The folded normal distribution is a probability distribution related to the normal distribution. Given a normally distributed random variable X with mean μ and variance σ2, the random variable Y = |X| has a folded normal distribution. Such a case may be encountered if only the magnitude of some variable is recorded, but not its sign. The distribution is called "folded" because probability mass to the left of x = 0 is folded over by taking the absolute value. In the physics of heat conduction, the folded normal distribution is a fundamental solution of the heat equation on the half space; it corresponds to having a perfect insulator on a hyperplane through the origin.
Definitions
Density
The probability density function (PDF) is given by
for x ≥ 0, and 0 everywhere else. An alternative formulation is given by
,
where cosh is the cosine Hyperbolic function. It follows that the cumulative distribution function (CDF) is given by:
for x ≥ 0, where erf() is the error function. This expression reduces to the CDF of the half-normal distribution when μ = 0.
The mean of the folded distribution is then
or
where is the normal cumulative distribution function:
The variance then is expressed easily in terms of the mean:
Both the mean (μ) and variance (σ2) of X in the original normal distribution can be interpreted as the location and scale parameters of Y in the folded distribution.
Properties
Mode
The mode of the distribution is the value of for which the den
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SH1
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SH1 or SH-1 may refer to:
State Highway 1; see List of highways numbered 1
SH1 (classification), a Paralympic shooting classification
PCL-09, exported as SH1, a Chinese truck-mounted howitzer artillery system
Silent Hill, the first video game of the Silent Hill franchise
See also
SH (disambiguation)
SHA-1, a cryptographic hash function
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facing%20Goya
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Facing Goya (2000) is an opera in four acts by Michael Nyman on a libretto by Victoria Hardie. It is an expansion of their one-act opera called Vital Statistics from 1987, dealing with such subjects as physiognomy, eugenics, and its practitioners, and also incorporates a musical motif from Nyman's art song, "The Kiss", inspired by a Paul Richards painting. Nyman also considers the work thematically tied to his other works, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, The Ogre, and Gattaca, though he does not quote any of these musically, save a very brief passage of the latter. It was premièred at the Auditorio de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain on 3 August 2000. The revision with the cast heard on the album premiered at the Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe, Germany, on October 19, 2002. Vital Statistics has been withdrawn. The Santiago version included more material from Vital Statistics. The opera was most recently performed at the 2014 Spoleto Festival USA, located in Charleston, South Carolina.
The expanded opera deals with the elitism and prejudice of various movements in pseudosciences and art criticism, wrapped around a thread of a desire to make a clone of Francisco Goya through use of his long-lost skull, which he hid from the likes of Paul Broca, and which the Art Banker finds under a floorboard in a "degenerate art" gallery in Act II. This skull is the object of numerous fights in the second and third acts, often with one character snatching it from an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation%20noise
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Simulation noise is a function that creates a divergence-free vector field. This signal can be used in artistic simulations for the purposes of increasing the perception of extra detail.
The function can be calculated in three dimensions by dividing the space into a regular lattice grid. With each edge is associated a random value, indicating a rotational component of material revolving around the edge. By following rotating material into and out of faces, one can quickly sum the flux passing through each face of the lattice. Flux values at lattice faces are then interpolated to create a field value for all positions.
Perlin noise is the earliest form of lattice noise, which has become very popular in computer graphics. Perlin Noise is not suited for simulation because it is not divergence-free.
Noises based on lattices, such as simulation noise and Perlin noise, are often calculated at different frequencies and summed together to form band-limited fractal signals.
Other approaches developed later that use vector calculus identities to produce divergence free fields, such as "Curl-Noise" as suggested by Robert Bridson, and "Divergence-Free Noise" due to Ivan DeWolf. These often require calculation of lattice noise gradients, which sometimes are not readily available. A naive implementation would call a lattice noise function several times to calculate its gradient, resulting in more computation than is strictly necessary. Unlike these noises, simulation noise has
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalman%E2%80%93Yakubovich%E2%80%93Popov%20lemma
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The Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma is a result in system analysis and control theory which states: Given a number , two n-vectors B, C and an n x n Hurwitz matrix A, if the pair is completely controllable, then a symmetric matrix P and a vector Q satisfying
exist if and only if
Moreover, the set is the unobservable subspace for the pair .
The lemma can be seen as a generalization of the Lyapunov equation in stability theory. It establishes a relation between a linear matrix inequality involving the state space constructs A, B, C and a condition in the frequency domain.
The Kalman–Popov–Yakubovich lemma which was first formulated and proved in 1962 by Vladimir Andreevich Yakubovich where it was stated that for the strict frequency inequality. The case of nonstrict frequency inequality was published in 1963 by Rudolf E. Kálmán. In that paper the relation to solvability of the Lur’e equations was also established. Both papers considered scalar-input systems. The constraint on the control dimensionality was removed in 1964 by Gantmakher and Yakubovich and independently by Vasile Mihai Popov. Extensive reviews of the topic can be found in and in Chapter 3 of.
Multivariable Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma
Given with for all and controllable, the following are equivalent:
for all
there exists a matrix such that and
The corresponding equivalence for strict inequalities holds even if is not controllable.
References
Lemmas
Stability theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal
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Kristal, meaning "crystal" in several languages, may refer to:
Kristal (name), a given name and a surname
KRISTAL Audio Engine, a digital audio editor
The Kristal, a video game
Kristal Kola, a Turkish soft drink
See also
Kristall (disambiguation)
Kristol, a surname
Krystal (disambiguation)
Crystal (disambiguation), since many things called "Kristal" in their native languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioredoxin%20fold
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The thioredoxin fold is a protein fold common to enzymes that catalyze disulfide bond formation and isomerization. The fold is named for the canonical example thioredoxin and is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins. It is an example of an alpha/beta protein fold that has oxidoreductase activity. The fold's spatial topology consists of a four-stranded antiparallel beta sheet sandwiched between three alpha helices. The strand topology is 2134 with 3 antiparallel to the rest.
Sequence conservation
Despite sequence variability in many regions of the fold, thioredoxin proteins share a common active site sequence with two reactive cysteine residues: Cys-X-Y-Cys, where X and Y are often but not necessarily hydrophobic amino acids. The reduced form of the protein contains two free thiol groups at the cysteine residues, whereas the oxidized form contains a disulfide bond between them.
Disulfide bond formation
Different thioredoxin fold-containing proteins vary greatly in their reactivity and in the pKa of their free thiols, which derives from the ability of the overall protein structure to stabilize the activated thiolate. Although the structure is fairly consistent among proteins containing the thioredoxin fold, the pKa is extremely sensitive to small variations in structure, especially in the placement of protein backbone atoms near the first cysteine.
Examples
Human proteins containing this domain include:
DNAJC10
ERP70
GLRX3
P4HB; PDIA2; PDIA3; PDIA4; PDIA5;
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture%20%28geology%29
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In geology, texture or rock microstructure refers to the relationship between the materials of which a rock is composed. The broadest textural classes are crystalline (in which the components are intergrown and interlocking crystals), fragmental (in which there is an accumulation of fragments by some physical process), aphanitic (in which crystals are not visible to the unaided eye), and glassy (in which the particles are too small to be seen and amorphously arranged). The geometric aspects and relations amongst the component particles or crystals are referred to as the crystallographic texture or preferred orientation. Textures can be quantified in many ways. The most common parameter is the crystal size distribution. This creates the physical appearance or character of a rock, such as grain size, shape, arrangement, and other properties, at both the visible and microscopic scale.
Textures are penetrative fabrics of rocks; they occur throughout the entirety of the rock mass on microscopic, hand-sized specimen, and often outcrop scales. This is similar in many ways to foliations, except a texture does not necessarily carry structural information in terms of deformation events and orientation information. Structures occur on a hand-sized specimen scale and above.
Microstructure analysis describes the textural features of the rock, and can provide information on the conditions of formation, petrogenesis, and subsequent deformation, folding, or alteration events.
Crystalline
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyroclast
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A porphyroclast is a clast or mineral fragment in a metamorphic rock, surrounded by a groundmass of finer grained crystals. Porphyroclasts are fragments of the original rock before dynamic recrystallisation or cataclasis produced the groundmass. This means they are older than the groundmass. They were stronger pieces of the original rock, that could not as easily deform and were therefore not or hardly affected by recrystallisation. They may have been phenocrysts or porphyroblasts in the original rock.
Porphyroclasts are often confused with porphyroblasts. The latter are also large crystals in a finer matrix, but they grew during, or after deformation took place and during or after the matrix was formed. The timing of porphyroblast growth can be determined by examining the microstructure preserved (or not) within them as poikiloblasts.
In strongly deformed rocks porphyroclasts are often rotated by the shear stress in the rock. Their shape can be used to determine the direction of the shear.
Porphyroclast systems
Where porphyroclasts have rims made of finer grained crystals, they are referred to as porphyroclast systems. The geometries of porphyroclast systems can be used to determine the sense of shear within a shear zone.
References
Metamorphic petrology
Structural geology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin%2023%20subunit%20alpha
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Interleukin-23 subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL23A gene. The protein is also known as IL-23p19. It is one of the two subunits of the cytokine Interleukin-23.
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of an Interleukin 23 alpha subunit and an IL-12p40 subunit. The IL-12p40, also known as Interleukin 12 subunit beta, is used by both IL-23 (where it partners with IL-23p19) and IL-12 (where it partners with IL-12A). A functional receptor for IL-23 (the IL-23 receptor) has been identified and is composed of IL-12R β1 and IL-23R.
Function
Produced by dendritic cells and macrophages, IL-23 is an important part of the inflammatory response against infection. It promotes upregulation of the matrix metalloprotease MMP9, increases angiogenesis and reduces CD8+ T-cell infiltration into tumours. IL-23 mediates its effects on both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system that express the IL-23 receptor. Th17 cells represent the most prominent T cell subset that responds to IL-23, although IL-23 has been implicated in inhibiting the development of regulatory T cell development in the intestine. Th17 cells produce IL-17, a proinflammatory cytokine that enhances T cell priming and stimulates the production of other proinflammatory molecules such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, NOS-2, and chemokines resulting in inflammation.
The expression of IL23A is decreased after AHR knockdown in THP-1 cells and primary mouse macrophages.
Clinical sign
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20instrument%20classification
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Chinese musical instruments were traditionally classified according to the materials used in their construction. The eight classifications are silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd, and hide. There are other instruments that may not fit these classifications.
Silk instruments are mostly string instruments (including plucked, bowed, and struck). Since the very beginning, the Chinese have used silk for strings, though today metal or nylon are more frequently used.
Bamboo mainly refers to woodwind instruments.
Most wood instruments are of the ancient variety.
The full list of these categories is wood, stone, bamboo, bone, silk, skin, plant and metal
The "stone" category contains various forms of stone chimes.
See also
List of traditional Chinese musical instruments
Chinese musical instruments
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretta%20procedure
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Stretta is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that delivers radiofrequency energy in the form of electromagnetic waves through electrodes at the end of a catheter to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the gastric cardia – the region of the stomach just below the LES. The energy heats the tissue, ultimately causing it to swell and stiffen; the way this works was not understood as of 2015, but it was thought that perhaps the heat causes local inflammation, collagen deposition and muscular thickening of the LES and that it may disrupt the nerves there.
History
Its relative efficacy is controversial, with the American College of Gastroenterology recommending against its use in 2013, and in the same year the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) giving it a strong recommendation for people who refuse laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, which involves making incisions in the torso and wrapping part of the stomach around the base of the esophagus, and which is considered the gold standard for efficacy. In 2015 an American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline noted that the quality of evidence was low for Stretta and the other available endoscopic treatment for GERD (transoral incisionless fundoplication) and called for better research to be conducted; it suggested that endoscopic treatments for GERD be considered.
The device for carrying out the procedure was origina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax%20toxin
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Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954. Anthrax toxin is composed of a cell-binding protein, known as protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart their physiological effects. Assembled complexes containing the toxin components are endocytosed. In the endosome, the enzymatic components of the toxin translocate into the cytoplasm of a target cell. Once in the cytosol, the enzymatic components of the toxin disrupts various immune cell functions, namely cellular signaling and cell migration. The toxin may even induce cell lysis, as is observed for macrophage cells. Anthrax toxin allows the bacteria to evade the immune system, proliferate, and ultimately kill the host animal. Research on anthrax toxin also provides insight into the generation of macromolecular assemblies, and on protein translocation, pore formation, endocytosis, and other biochemical processes.
Bacillus anthracis virulence factors
Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming, Gram positive, rod-shaped bacterium (Fig. 1). The lethality of the disease is caused by the bacterium's two principal virulence factors: (i) the polyglutamic acid capsule, which is anti-phagocytic, and (ii) the tripartite protein toxin, called anthrax toxi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramacciotti
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Ramacciotti is an Italian surname, with a direct etymological root from Latin ramus/rami (arm or branch and similar derivatives) in various regional dialects. Amongst other individuals, the surname may refer to:
Francis Ramacciotti (1835-1894), inventor and a piano string manufacturer
Giovanni Battista Ramacciotti (1628–1671), Italian painter
Luis Ramacciotti (born 1886), Italian-Argentine sculptor
Lorenzo Ramaciotti (born 1948), Italian car designer
Gustave Ramaciotti (1861–1927), Australian law clerk, theatrical manager, and soldier
Vera Ramaciotti (1891–1982), Australian philanthropist, sister of Clive Ramaciotti
Clive Ramaciotti (1883–1967), Australian philanthropist, brother of Vera Ramaciotti
Luis Alberto Ramacciotti- Italian-Argentine - 1980 - Asesor Ejecutivo- In Ramacciotti Company by [Lara Trinidad]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Real%20Madrid%20CF%20records%20and%20statistics
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Real Madrid Club de Fútbol is a Spanish professional association football club based in Madrid. The club was formed in 1902 as Madrid Football Club, and played its first competitive match on 13 May 1902, when it entered the semi-final of the Campeonato de Copa de S.M. Alfonso XIII. Real Madrid currently plays in the Spanish top-tier La Liga, having become one of the founding members of that league in 1929, and is one of three clubs, the others being Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao, to have never been relegated from the league. They have also been involved in European football ever since they became the first Spanish club to enter the European Cup in 1955, except for the 1977–78 and 1996–97 seasons.
This list encompasses the major honours won by Real Madrid and records set by the club, their managers and their players. The player records section includes details of the club's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first team competitions. It also records notable achievements by Real Madrid players on the international stage, and the highest transfer fees paid and received by the club.
The club currently holds the record for the most European Cup / UEFA Champions League triumphs, with 14, and the most La Liga titles, with 35. Additionally, Real has won the Copa del Rey 20 times, the Supercopa de España 12 times, the Copa de la Liga once, the Copa Eva Duarte once, the UEFA Cup twice, the European/UEFA Super Cup five times, the Intercontinental Cup three
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolyl%20isomerase
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Prolyl isomerase (also known as peptidylprolyl isomerase or PPIase) is an enzyme () found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that interconverts the cis and trans isomers of peptide bonds with the amino acid proline. Proline has an unusually conformationally restrained peptide bond due to its cyclic structure with its side chain bonded to its secondary amine nitrogen. Most amino acids have a strong energetic preference for the trans peptide bond conformation due to steric hindrance, but proline's unusual structure stabilizes the cis form so that both isomers are populated under biologically relevant conditions. Proteins with prolyl isomerase activity include cyclophilin, FKBPs, and parvulin, although larger proteins can also contain prolyl isomerase domains.
Protein folding
Proline is unique among the natural amino acids in having a relatively small difference in free energy between the cis configuration of its peptide bond and the more common trans form. The activation energy required to catalyse the isomerisation between cis and trans is relatively high: ~20kcal/mol (cf. ~0kcal/mol for regular peptide bonds). Unlike regular peptide bonds, the X-prolyl peptide bond will not adopt the intended conformation spontaneously, thus, the process of cis-trans isomerization can be the rate-limiting step in the process of protein folding. Prolyl isomerases therefore function as protein folding chaperones. Cis peptide bonds N-terminal to proline residues are often located at the first
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COV
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COV, Cov, CoV or Co-V may refer to:
Cash-Over-Valuation
City of Villains, a multiplayer online video game
Coefficient of variation, a statistical measure
Covariance, a measure in probability theory and statistics
Calculus of variations, a field of mathematical analysis
Abbreviation of Coventry, a city in the United Kingdom
COV, the ICAO airline designator for Helicentre Coventry, United Kingdom
COV, the station code for Coventry railway station
Coventry R.F.C., often abbreviated to just "Cov"
Coventry City F.C., which is also sometimes known by the shorter form
The Amtrak station code for Connellsville station, Pennsylvania, United States
The LRT station abbreviation for Cove LRT station, Punggol, Singapore
The NYSE abbreviation for Covidien Ltd, a medical technology and pharmaceutical company
CoV or Co-V, an abbreviation for Coronavirus
Cao Miao language (ISO 639 language code: cov)
See also
nCoV (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%E2%80%93white%20screen
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The blue–white screen is a screening technique that allows for the rapid and convenient detection of recombinant bacteria in vector-based molecular cloning experiments. This method of screening is usually performed using a suitable bacterial strain, but other organisms such as yeast may also be used. DNA of transformation
is ligated into a vector. The vector is then inserted into a competent host cell viable for transformation, which are then grown in the presence of X-gal. Cells transformed with vectors containing recombinant DNA will produce white colonies; cells transformed with non-recombinant plasmids (i.e. only the vector) grow into blue colonies.
Background
Molecular cloning is one of the most commonly used procedures in molecular biology. A gene of interest may be inserted into a plasmid vector via ligation, and the plasmid is then transformed into Escherichia coli cells. However, not all the plasmids transformed into cells may contain the desired gene insert, and checking each individual colony for the presence of the insert is time-consuming. Therefore, a method for the detection of the insert would be useful for making this procedure less time- and labor-intensive. One of the early methods developed for the detection of insert is blue–white screening which allows for identification of successful products of cloning reactions through the colour of the bacterial colony.
The method is based on the principle of α-complementation of the β-galactosidase gene. Thi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior%20tympanic%20artery
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The superior tympanic artery is a small artery in the head. It is a branch of the middle meningeal artery. On entering the cranium it runs in the canal for the tensor tympani muscle and supplies this muscle and the lining membrane of the canal.
References
Arteries of the head and neck
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olistostrome
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An olistostrome is a sedimentary deposit composed of a chaotic mass of heterogeneous material, such as blocks and mud, known as olistoliths, that accumulates as a semifluid body by submarine gravity sliding or slumping of the unconsolidated sediments. It is a mappable stratigraphic unit which lacks true bedding, but is intercalated amongst normal bedding sequences, as in the Cenozoic basin of central Sicily. The term olistostrome is derived from the Greek olistomai (to slide) and stroma (accumulation).
See also
Submarine landslide
References
Sedimentary rocks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple%20product%20rule
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The triple product rule, known variously as the cyclic chain rule, cyclic relation, cyclical rule or Euler's chain rule, is a formula which relates partial derivatives of three interdependent variables. The rule finds application in thermodynamics, where frequently three variables can be related by a function of the form f(x, y, z) = 0, so each variable is given as an implicit function of the other two variables. For example, an equation of state for a fluid relates temperature, pressure, and volume in this manner. The triple product rule for such interrelated variables x, y, and z comes from using a reciprocity relation on the result of the implicit function theorem, and is given by
where each factor is a partial derivative of the variable in the numerator, considered to be a function of the other two.
The advantage of the triple product rule is that by rearranging terms, one can derive a number of substitution identities which allow one to replace partial derivatives which are difficult to analytically evaluate, experimentally measure, or integrate with quotients of partial derivatives which are easier to work with. For example,
Various other forms of the rule are present in the literature; these can be derived by permuting the variables {x, y, z}.
Derivation
An informal derivation follows. Suppose that f(x, y, z) = 0. Write z as a function of x and y. Thus the total differential dz is
Suppose that we move along a curve with dz = 0, where the curve is paramete
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20filament
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A current filament is an inhomogeneity in the current density distribution lateral to the direction of the current flow (that is, orthogonal to the current density vector). It is common in devices showing current-type negative differential conductivity, especially of S-type (SNDC).
References
Semiconductor device defects
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadowcrest%2C%20Florida
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Meadowcrest is an unincorporated community in Citrus County, Florida, United States. It is located in the western part of the county, to the east of Crystal River, between State Road 44 and County Road 486 (West Norvelle Bryant Highway).
External links
Meadowcrest Community Association
Unincorporated communities in Citrus County, Florida
Unincorporated communities in Florida
Planned communities in Florida
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic%20reciprocity
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Cubic reciprocity is a collection of theorems in elementary and algebraic number theory that state conditions under which the congruence x3 ≡ p (mod q) is solvable; the word "reciprocity" comes from the form of the main theorem, which states that if p and q are primary numbers in the ring of Eisenstein integers, both coprime to 3, the congruence x3 ≡ p (mod q) is solvable if and only if x3 ≡ q (mod p) is solvable.
History
Sometime before 1748 Euler made the first conjectures about the cubic residuacity of small integers, but they were not published until 1849, 62 years after his death.
Gauss's published works mention cubic residues and reciprocity three times: there is one result pertaining to cubic residues in the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (1801). In the introduction to the fifth and sixth proofs of quadratic reciprocity (1818) he said that he was publishing these proofs because their techniques (Gauss's lemma and Gaussian sums, respectively) can be applied to cubic and biquadratic reciprocity. Finally, a footnote in the second (of two) monographs on biquadratic reciprocity (1832) states that cubic reciprocity is most easily described in the ring of Eisenstein integers.
From his diary and other unpublished sources, it appears that Gauss knew the rules for the cubic and quartic residuacity of integers by 1805, and discovered the full-blown theorems and proofs of cubic and biquadratic reciprocity around 1814. Proofs of these were found in his posthumous papers, but it
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile%20genetic%20elements
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Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) sometimes called selfish genetic elements are a type of genetic material that can move around within a genome, or that can be transferred from one species or replicon to another. MGEs are found in all organisms. In humans, approximately 50% of the genome is thought to be MGEs. MGEs play a distinct role in evolution. Gene duplication events can also happen through the mechanism of MGEs. MGEs can also cause mutations in protein coding regions, which alters the protein functions. These mechanisms can also rearrange genes in the host genome generating variation. These mechanism can increase fitness by gaining new or additional functions. An example of MGEs in evolutionary context are that virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes of MGEs can be transported to share genetic code with neighboring bacteria. However, MGEs can also decrease fitness by introducing disease-causing alleles or mutations. The set of MGEs in an organism is called a mobilome, which is composed of a large number of plasmids, transposons and viruses.
Types
Plasmids: These are generally circular extrachromosomal DNA molecules that replicate and are transmitted independent from chromosomal DNA. These molecules are present in prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and sometimes in eukaryotic organisms such as yeast. Fitness of a plasmid is determined by its mobility. The first factor of plasmid fitness is its ability to replicate DNA. The second fitness factor is a plasmid's a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%27s%20theorem
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Dirac's theorem may refer to:
Dirac's theorem on Hamiltonian cycles, the statement that an -vertex graph in which each vertex has degree at least must have a Hamiltonian cycle
Dirac's theorem on chordal graphs, the characterization of chordal graphs as graphs in which all minimal separators are cliques
Dirac's theorem on cycles in -connected graphs, the result that for every set of vertices in a -vertex-connected graph there exists a cycle that passes through all the vertices in the set
See also
Gabriel Andrew Dirac (1925–1984), a graph theorist after whom these three theorems were named
Paul Dirac (1902–1984), a mathematical physicist
Dirac equation in particle physics
Dirac large numbers hypothesis relating the size scale of the universe to the scales between different physical forces
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosma%20Shalizi
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Cosma Rohilla Shalizi (born February 28, 1974) is an associate professor in the Department of Statistics at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.
Life
Cosma Rohilla Shalizi is of Indian Tamil, Afghan (Rohilla) and Italian heritage and was born in Boston, where he lived for the first two years of his life. He grew up in Bethesda, Maryland.
In 1990, he was accepted as a Chancellor's Scholar at the University of California, Berkeley, and completed a bachelor's degree in Physics. Subsequently, he attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he received a doctorate in physics in May 2001. From 1998 to 2002, he worked at the Santa Fe Institute, in the Evolving Cellular Automata Project and the Computation, Dynamics and Inference group. From 2002 to 2005, he worked at the Center for the Study of Complex Systems at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In August 2006, he became an assistant professor in the Department of Statistics at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.
Shalizi is co-author of the CSSR algorithm, which exploits entropy properties to efficiently extract Markov models from time-series data without assuming a parametric form for the model.
Shalizi was interviewed at the Institute for New Economic Thinking in November 2011 on "Why Economics Needs Data Mining." He "urge[d] economists to stop doing what they are doing: Fitting large complex models to a small set of highly correlated time series data. Once you add enough variables, parameters, bel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatine%20methyl%20ester
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Creatine methyl ester is the methyl ester derivative of the amino acid creatine. It can be prepared by the esterification of creatine with methanol.
See also
Creatine ethyl ester
References
Guanidines
Methyl esters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C5%A1onec
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Lošonec () is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20070427022352/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
http://www.losonec.com/ - official web page
private web page
Villages and municipalities in Trnava District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majcichov
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Majcichov () is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.
References
External links
Statistics.sk
En.e-obce.sk
Villages and municipalities in Trnava District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C5%BEenice
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Malženice () is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.
References
External links
https://www.webcitation.org/5QjNYnAux?url=http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/malzenice/malzenice.html
Villages and municipalities in Trnava District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavlice%2C%20Trnava%20District
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Pavlice () is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223415/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Trnava District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rado%C5%A1ovce%2C%20Trnava%20District
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Radošovce () is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.
References
External links
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/radosovce/radosovce.html
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20101113055135/http://www.mesta-obce.sk/trnavsky-kraj/okres-trnava/radosovce/
Villages and municipalities in Trnava District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%BEindol
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Ružindol () is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.
References
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
https://www.ruzindol.sk/
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/ruzindol/ruzindol.html
Villages and municipalities in Trnava District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1%20Nov%C3%A1%20Ves
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Slovenská Nová Ves () is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.
References
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/slovenskanovaves/slovenska-nova-ves.html
Villages and municipalities in Trnava District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0elpice
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Šelpice () is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.
References
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/selpice/selpice.html
https://www.selpice.eu/
Villages and municipalities in Trnava District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%BArovce
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Šúrovce () is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.
References
External links
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/sturovce/surovce.html
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
http://www.surovce.sk/
Villages and municipalities in Trnava District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witz
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Witz may refer to:
People
Bob Witz (born 1934), American artist
Chaim Witz (born 1949), birth name of Gene Simmons, American musician, band member of Kiss
Dan Witz (born 1957), Brooklyn-based street artist and realist painter
Emanuel Witz (1717–1797), Swiss painter
Konrad Witz, (c. 1400–1445), German painter
Laurent Witz, filmmaker
Sergio Witz Rodríguez (born 1962), Mexican poet
Geography
Saint-Witz, commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France
Stadion in der Witz, stadium in Mainz-Kastel, Wiesbaden, Germany
Other uses
Witz (novel), novel by Joshua Cohen
Kwik Witz, syndicated comedy program
Witz (וויץ) is Yiddish for "joke"
WITZ (AM), a radio station (990 AM) licensed to Jasper, Indiana, United States
WITZ-FM, a radio station (104.7 FM) licensed to Jasper, Indiana, United States
Wake Island Time Zone, a time zone (UTC+12) in the U.S. territory of Wake Island
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%20Database
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The Ki Database (or Ki DB) is a public domain database of published binding affinities (Ki) of drugs and chemical compounds for receptors, neurotransmitter transporters, ion channels, and enzymes. The resource is maintained by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and is funded by the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program and by a gift from the Heffter Research Institute. , the database had data for 7 449 compounds at 738 different receptors and, , 67 696 Ki values.
The Ki database has data useful for both chemical biology and chemogenetics.
External links
Description
Search form
BindingDB.org - A similar publicly available database
Biological databases
Chemical databases
Public domain databases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cru%20Bourgeois
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The Cru Bourgeois classification lists some of the châteaux from the Médoc that were not included in the 1855 Classification of Crus Classés, or Classed Growths. Notionally, Cru Bourgeois is a level below Cru Classé, but still of high quality (formerly there were additional grades of Cru Artisan and Cru Paysan). Many wine writers consider that there is some overlap in quality between the Classed Growths and the Cru Bourgeois, although also saying that by and large the Classed Growths still represent the best wines.
The first Cru Bourgeois list was drawn up by the Bordeaux Chamber of Commerce and Chamber of Agriculture in 1932, selecting 444 estates for the classification. The words Cru Bourgeois were widely used on labels by the châteaux so listed, although the classification was never officially ratified. A substantial revision of the classification, dividing it into three tiers, was initiated in 2000 and finalised in 2003. This reduced the number of châteaux listed to 247. Following several legal turns, the 2003 Cru Bourgeois classification was annulled by the French court in 2007, and shortly afterwards all use of the term was banned.
In 2010, the Cru Bourgeois label was reintroduced, but in a significantly revised form. It now consists of only one level, and is awarded annually, as a mark of quality, to wines rather than to châteaux, on the basis of an assessment of both production methods and the finished product. Any property in the Médoc may apply. The lists are
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20Micro-Electronics%2C%20Inc.
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Integrated Micro-electronics, Inc. (abbreviated as IMI, ) provides electronics manufacturing services (EMS) and power semiconductor assembly and test services (SATS) with manufacturing facilities in Asia, Europe, and North America. Its headquarters is located in Biñan, Laguna.
IMI serves original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in diversified markets that include those in the automotive, industrial, medical, telecommunications infrastructure, storage device, and consumer electronics industries. Its customized servuces range from design and engineering, advance manufacturing engineering capabilities, new product introduction services, manufacturing services, reliability tests, failure analysis, equipment calibration capabilities, test and system development, and support and fulfillment. The manufacturing portfolio of AC Industrials, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ayala Corporation, IMI is listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange.
History
IMI started on August 8, 1980 as a joint venture between Ayala Corporation and Resins, Inc. With its headquarters in Muntinlupa, they were just a workforce of around 100 employees with total fixed assets of US$3,700,290 and it is engaged in the assembly of integrated circuits. In 1982, it took a contract manufacturing with its hard disk drive sub-assembly operations and, in 1986, it started the assembly of automotive hybrid integrated circuits.
In the year 1988, the company ventured into custom printed circuit board assembly and operations and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nete
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Nete may refer to:
Nete (river), in northern Belgium
Grote Nete
Kleine Nete
Nete language, spoken in Papua New Guinea
Nete virus, a lineage of segmented RNA viruses
Nete (mythology), one of the three muses of the lyre that were worshipped at Delphi. Her sisters were Mese and Hypate
Norethisterone enanthate (NETE), a type of birth control
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nete%20language
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Nete, also known as Bisorio, Malamauda, or Iniai, is an Engan language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
Classification
Glottolog classifies Nete and Bisorio as two languages within Outer Engan, a divergent group situated northward across the Central Range from the main Engan-speaking area, located in Enga Province. The purported language Bikaru, spoken at the head of the Korosamen River adjacent to the Nete dialect-speaking area, is a dialect of Bisorio fully mutually intelligible with the rest of the language.
Geography
Villages where Nete is spoken include Malaumanda, Anamanda, Lodon, Onge, Kasakali, Takop, Hulipa, Yaipo, Bake, Nai, Onon, Limbia and Menagus.
Bibliography
Word lists of Bisorio
Conrad, Robert J. and Ronald K. Lewis. 1988 Some language and sociolinguistic relationships in the Upper Sepik region of Papua New Guinea. In: Smith et al. 243–273.
Davies, John and Bernard Comrie. 1985. A linguistic survey of the Upper Yuat. In: Adams et al., 275–312.
References
External links
Rosetta Project: Nete Swadesh List, Bisorio Swadesh List, Bikaru Swadesh List
Engan languages
Languages of East Sepik Province
Severely endangered languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degron
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A degron is a portion of a protein that is important in regulation of protein degradation rates. Known degrons include short amino acid sequences, structural motifs and exposed amino acids (often lysine or arginine) located anywhere in the protein. In fact, some proteins can even contain multiple degrons. Degrons are present in a variety of organisms, from the N-degrons (see N-end Rule) first characterized in yeast to the PEST sequence of mouse ornithine decarboxylase. Degrons have been identified in prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes. While there are many types of different degrons, and a high degree of variability even within these groups, degrons are all similar for their involvement in regulating the rate of a protein's degradation. Much like protein degradation (see proteolysis), mechanisms are categorized by their dependence or lack thereof on ubiquitin, a small protein involved in proteasomal protein degradation, Degrons may also be referred to as “ubiquitin-dependent" or “ubiquitin-independent".
Types
Ubiquitin-dependent degrons are so named because they are implicated in the polyubiquitination process for targeting a protein to the proteasome. In some cases, the degron itself serves as the site for polyubiquitination as is seen in TAZ and β-catenin proteins. Because the exact mechanism by which a degron is involved in a protein's polyubiqutination is not always known, degrons are classified as ubiquitin-dependent if their removal from the protein leads to less ubiq
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smearing%20retransformation
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The Smearing retransformation is used in regression analysis, after estimating the logarithm of a variable. Estimating the logarithm of a variable instead of the variable itself is a common technique to more closely approximate normality. In order to retransform the variable back to level from log, the Smearing retransformation is used.
If the log-transformed variable y is normally distributed with mean
and variance
then, the expected value of y is given by:
References
Regression analysis
Logarithms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg%20allergy
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Egg allergy is an immune hypersensitivity to proteins found in chicken eggs, and possibly goose, duck, or turkey eggs. Symptoms can be either rapid or gradual in onset. The latter can take hours to days to appear. The former may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine. Other presentations may include atopic dermatitis or inflammation of the esophagus.
In the United States, 90% of allergic responses to foods are caused by cow's milk, eggs, wheat, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and soybeans. The declaration of the presence of trace amounts of allergens in foods is not mandatory in any country, with the exception of Brazil.
Prevention is by avoiding eating eggs and foods that may contain eggs, such as cake or cookies. It is unclear if the early introduction of the eggs to the diet of babies aged 4–6 months decreases the risk of egg allergies.
Egg allergy appears mainly in children but can persist into adulthood. In the United States, it is the second most common food allergy in children after cow's milk. Most children outgrow egg allergy by the age of five, but some people remain allergic for a lifetime. In North America and Western Europe, egg allergy occurs in 0.5% to 2.5% of children under the age of five years. The majority grow out of it by school age, but for roughly one-third, the allergy persists into adulthood. Strong predictors for adult-persistence are anaphylaxis, high egg-specific serum immuno
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20fold
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The death fold is a tertiary structure motif commonly found in proteins involved in apoptosis or inflammation-related processes. This motif is commonly found in domains that participate in protein–protein interactions leading to the formation of large functional complexes. Examples of death fold domains include the death domain (DD), death effector domain (DED), caspase recruitment domain (CARD), and pyrin domain (PYD).
Death fold domains are an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of domains that mediate apoptotic signaling. The two types of apoptosis, extrinsic and intrinsic, are tightly regulated by the interplay of activating and inhibitory pathways. The interactions between the four different death fold motifs are a unifying mechanism in both types of apoptosis.
Structure
There is a large difference in the primary amino acid sequence of the four different death fold motifs, but each has a similar three-dimensional structure. Death-fold motifs are characterized by six to seven tightly coiled alpha-helices arranged in a "Greek-key" fold. The motifs consist of several defined protein interactions with other suspected apoptotic roles (Lahm).
Four death-fold domains
Caspase recruitment domain (CARD)
CARD-containing proteins are found throughout the animal kingdom. CARD domains are present on several mammalian procaspases, and have functions in apoptosis, cytokine processing, immune defense, and NF-κB activation. In insects and nematodes, CARDs so far seem rest
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF%20receptor%20associated%20factor
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TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs) are a family of proteins primarily involved in the regulation of inflammation, antiviral responses and apoptosis.
Currently, seven TRAF proteins have been characterized in mammals: TRAF1, TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF4, TRAF5, TRAF6 and TRAF7.
Except for TRAF7, these proteins share a relatively conserved secondary structure, including a namesake C-terminal TRAF domain that mediates interactions with other signaling components such as the transmembrane TNF receptors and CD40.
See also
Tumor necrosis factors
References
External links
TNF receptor family
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean%20algebras%20canonically%20defined
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Boolean algebras are models of the equational theory of two values; this definition is equivalent to the lattice and ring definitions.
Boolean algebra is a mathematically rich branch of abstract algebra. Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy defines Boolean algebra as 'the algebra of two-valued logic with only sentential connectives, or equivalently of algebras of sets under union and complementation.' Just as group theory deals with groups, and linear algebra with vector spaces, Boolean algebras are models of the equational theory of the two values 0 and 1 (whose interpretation need not be numerical). Common to Boolean algebras, groups, and vector spaces is the notion of an algebraic structure, a set closed under some operations satisfying certain equations.
Just as there are basic examples of groups, such as the group of integers and the symmetric group of permutations of objects, there are also basic examples of Boolean algebras such as the following.
The algebra of binary digits or bits 0 and 1 under the logical operations including disjunction, conjunction, and negation. Applications include the propositional calculus and the theory of digital circuits.
The algebra of sets under the set operations including union, intersection, and complement. Applications are far-reaching because set theory is the standard foundations of mathematics.
Boolean algebra thus permits applying the methods of abstract algebra to mathematical logic and digital logic.
Unlike groups of fin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Smith%20Region%2C%20Northwest%20Territories
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Fort Smith Region was a former Statistics Canada census division, one of two in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It was abolished in the 2011 census, along with the other census division of Inuvik Region, and the land area of the Northwest Territories was divided into new census divisions named Region 1, Region 2, Region 3, Region 4, Region 5, Region 6.
Its former territory covered all of the modern-day Regions 3 through 6, as well as a part of Region 2. For example, its border with the old Inuvik Region ran through the middle of Great Bear Lake, which is now entirely within the modern-day Region 2.
It contained more than 77 percent of the population and more than 54 percent of the land area of the Northwest Territories. Its main economic centre was the territorial capital of Yellowknife; it also contained the town of Fort Smith. The 2006 census reported a population of 32,272 spread over a land area of .
Communities
City
Yellowknife
Towns
Fort Smith
Hay River
Village
Fort Simpson
Hamlets
Fort Liard
Fort Providence
Behchokǫ̀
Whatì
Settlements
Dettah
Enterprise
Fort Resolution
Jean Marie River
Kakisa
Łutselk'e
Nahanni Butte
Gamèti
Fort Reliance
Trout Lake
Wekweeti
Wrigley
Indian reserves
Hay River Reserve (Hay River Dene)
Salt River First Nation
References
Regions of the Northwest Territories
Census divisions of the Canadian territories
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20cell
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A simple cell in the primary visual cortex is a cell that responds primarily to oriented edges and gratings (bars of particular orientations). These cells were discovered by Torsten Wiesel and David Hubel in the late 1950s.
Such cells are tuned to different frequencies and orientations, even with different phase relationships, possibly for extracting disparity (depth) information and to attribute depth to detected lines and edges. This may result in a 3D 'wire-frame' representation as used in computer graphics. The fact that input from the left and right eyes is very close in the so-called cortical hypercolumns is an indication that depth processing occurs at a very early stage, aiding recognition of 3D objects.
Later, many other cells with specific functions have been discovered: (a) end-stopped cells which are thought to detect singularities like line and edge crossings, vertices and line endings; (b) bar and grating cells. The latter are not linear operators because a bar cell does not respond when seeing a bar which is part of a periodic grating, and a grating cell does not respond when seeing an isolated bar.
Using the mathematical Gabor model with sine and cosine components (phases), complex cells are then modeled by computing the modulus of complex Gabor responses. Both simple and complex cells are linear operators and are seen as filters because they respond selectively to a large number of patterns.
However, it has been claimed that the Gabor model does not conf
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike-triggered%20average
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The spike-triggered averaging
(STA) is a tool for characterizing the response properties of a neuron using the spikes emitted in response to a time-varying stimulus. The STA provides an estimate of a neuron's linear receptive field. It is a useful technique for the analysis of electrophysiological data.
Mathematically, the STA is the average stimulus preceding a spike. To compute the STA, the stimulus in the time window preceding each spike is extracted, and the resulting (spike-triggered) stimuli are averaged (see diagram). The STA provides an unbiased estimate of a neuron's receptive field only if the stimulus distribution is spherically symmetric (e.g., Gaussian white noise).
The STA has been used to characterize retinal ganglion cells, neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus and simple cells in the striate cortex (V1) . It can be used to estimate the linear stage of the linear-nonlinear-Poisson (LNP) cascade model. The approach has also been used to analyze how transcription factor dynamics control gene regulation within individual cells.
Spike-triggered averaging is also commonly referred to as “reverse correlation″ or “white-noise analysis”. The STA is well known as the first term in the Volterra kernel or Wiener kernel series expansion. It is closely related to linear regression, and identical to it in common circumstances.
Mathematical definition
Standard STA
Let denote the spatio-temporal stimulus vector preceding the 'th time bin, and the spike count
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20frequency%20power%20transmission
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Radio frequency power transmission is the transmission of the output power of a transmitter to an antenna. When the antenna is not situated close to the transmitter, special transmission lines are required.
The most common type of transmission line for this purpose is large-diameter coaxial cable. At high-power transmitters, cage lines are used. Cage lines are a kind of overhead line similar in construction to coaxial cables. The interior conductor is held by insulators mounted on a circular device in the middle. On the circular device, there are wires for the other pole of the line.
Cage lines are used at high-power transmitters in Europe, like longwave transmitter Topolna, longwave-transmitter Solec Kujawski and some other high-power transmitters for long-, medium- and shortwave.
For UHF and VHF, Goubau lines are sometimes used. They consist of an insulated single wire mounted on insulators. On a Goubau line, the wave travels as longitudinal currents surrounded by transverse EM fields. For microwaves, waveguides are used.
External links
Cage lines of Solec Kujawski transmitter
Cage lines of longwave transmitter Topolna (second image) (third image)
Cables
Power cables
Radio technology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20peptide%20peptidase
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In molecular biology, the Signal Peptide Peptidase (SPP) is a type of protein that specifically cleaves parts of other proteins. It is an intramembrane aspartyl protease with the conserved active site motifs 'YD' and 'GxGD' in adjacent transmembrane domains (TMDs). Its sequences is highly conserved in different vertebrate species. SPP cleaves remnant signal peptides left behind in membrane by the action of signal peptidase and also plays key roles in immune surveillance and the maturation of certain viral proteins.
Biological function
Physiologically SPP processes signal peptides of classical MHC class I preproteins. A nine amino acid-long cleavage fragment is then presented on HLA-E receptors and modulates the activity of natural killer cells.
SPP also plays a pathophysiological role; it cleaves the structural nucleocapsid protein (also known as core protein) of the Hepatitis C virus and thus influences viral reproduction rate.
In mice, a nonamer peptide originating from the SPP protein serves as minor histocompatibility antigen HM13 that plays a role in transplant rejection
The homologous proteases SPPL2A and SPPL2B promote the intramembrane cleavage of TNFα in activated dendritic cells and might play an immunomodulatory role. For SPPL2c and SPPL3 no substrates are known.
SPPs do not require cofactors as demonstrated by expression in bacteria and purification of a proteolytically active form. The C-terminal region defines the functional domain, which is in itself suff
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadde%20hadde%20dudde%20da%3F
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"Wadde hadde dudde da?" (; a derivative of the expression "what do you have there?") was the entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000, performed in an invented dialect of German by comedian Stefan Raab. The song was the fifteenth performed on the night, following 's Olsen Brothers with "Fly on the Wings of Love" and preceding 's Jane Bogaert with "La vita cos'è?". At the close of voting, it had received 96 points, placing fifth in a field of 24.
The idea of the song could have come from Raab's show TV total, where a short snippet from another TV-show shows a woman with her dog, which carries something in its mouth to her. In a childish cutesy dialect she asks the dog what he has there (in its mouth), hence the "Wadde hadde dudde da?".
Raab had previously written and composed Guildo Horn's "Guildo hat euch lieb!" for the 1998 contest, and "Wadde hadde dudde da?" is in a similar vein. The song opens with a monologue delivered in English and German in which Raab is described as "the sensational super sack of German television". Another voice explains in German that Raab had gone to America and promised, "if I make it there / I'm never coming back to Germany again".
Raab's appearance consists of a rapid-fire hip-hop-inspired delivery of tongue twisters in an invented German dialect on the general theme of questions about what "he has there". After the opening lines, a female vocalists asks in broken English "I am so curious, I just wanna know what you there have" (a referen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner%20Franke
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Werner Wilhelm Franke (31 January 1940 – 14 November 2022) was a German biologist and a professor of cell and molecular biology at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg. He was an anti-doping pioneer in Germany.
Life
Franke was born in Paderborn on 31 January 1940. After completing high school (Abitur at Gymnasium Theodorianum), he studied chemistry, biology and physics at the University of Heidelberg. Following completion of his doctorate (Heidelberg) and habilitation (Freiburg) he became a university professor in Heidelberg and, at the same time, became the head of a department at the German Cancer Research Center. In 1982, Franke became the president of the European Cell Biology Organization (ECBO), a post he held until 1990. His main research field was the molecular characterization of the cytoskeleton in normal and transformed cells. He was also a doping expert.
Franke died on 14 November 2022 from an intracerebral hemorrhage, at age 82.
Drug abuse in sports
Franke is considered to have been a leading expert in performance-enhancing drugs and one of the most ardent critics of drug abuse in sports. Together with his wife, Brigitte Berendonk, once an Olympic discus thrower and shot putter, he fought against drug abuse in sports. He assisted his wife in researching the 1991 book Doping: From Research to Deceit, uncovering the systematic use of doping by East German athletes.
Franke defended cyclist Danilo Hondo after the banned substance Carphedon was found i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxon%20%28chemical%29
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An oxon is an organic compound derived from another chemical in which a phosphorus-sulfur bond in the parent chemical has been replaced by a phosphorus-oxygen bond in the derivative.
Important examples of oxons can be found in the family of pesticides known as organophosphates. Some of these chemicals, such as chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and parathion, do not manifest their main toxicity in their original form. Rather, an animal's liver replaces a phosphorus-sulfur bond with a phosphorus-oxygen bond, turning these chemicals into oxons. The oxons then inhibit the acetylcholinesterase, causing acetylcholine to accumulate uncontrollably, wreaking havoc on the animal's nervous system.
See also
Paraoxon
Chlorpyrifos oxon
References
Organophosphates
Nitrobenzenes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STR%20analysis
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Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is a common molecular biology method used to compare allele repeats at specific loci in DNA between two or more samples. A short tandem repeat is a microsatellite with repeat units that are 2 to 7 base pairs in length, with the number of repeats varying among individuals, making STRs effective for human identification purposes. This method differs from restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) since STR analysis does not cut the DNA with restriction enzymes. Instead, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is employed to discover the lengths of the short tandem repeats based on the length of the PCR product.
Forensic uses
STR analysis is a tool in forensic analysis that evaluates specific STR regions found on nuclear DNA. The variable (polymorphic) nature of the STR regions that are analyzed for forensic testing intensifies the discrimination between one DNA profile and another. Scientific tools such as FBI approved STRmix incorporate this research technique. Forensic science takes advantage of the population's variability in STR lengths, enabling scientists to distinguish one DNA sample from another. The system of DNA profiling used today is based on PCR and uses simple sequences or short tandem repeats (STR). This method uses highly polymorphic regions that have short repeated sequences of DNA (the most common is 4 bases repeated, but there are other lengths in use, including 3 and 5 bases). Because unrelated people almost cert
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruitless%20%28gene%29
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The fruitless gene (fru) is a Drosophila melanogaster gene that encodes several variants of a putative transcription factor protein. Normal fruitless function is required for proper development of several anatomical structures necessary for courtship, including motor neurons which innervate muscles needed for fly sexual behaviors. The gene does not have an obvious mammalian homolog, but appears to function in sex determination in species as distant as the mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
fruitless serves as an example of how a gene or a group of genes may regulate the development and/or function of neurons involved in innate behavior. Research on fruitless has received attention in the popular press, since it provokes discussion on genetics of human sexual orientation, and behaviors such as gender-specific aggression.
Function
Male flies with mutations in the fruitless gene display altered sexual behavior. Fruitfly courtship, which involves a complex male-initiated ritual, may be disrupted in many ways by mutated fru alleles; fru is necessary for every step in the ritual. Some alleles prevent courting entirely, while others disrupt individual components. Notably, some loss-of-function alleles change or remove sexual preference.
Although many genes are known to be involved in male courtship behavior, the fruitless gene has been considered noteworthy because it exhibits sex-specific alternative splicing. When females produce the male-spliced gene product, they behave as males.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth%20Roberts%20%28physicist%29
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Sir Gareth Gwyn Roberts (16 May 1940 – 6 February 2007) was a Welsh physicist specialising in semiconductors and molecular electronics, who was influential in British science policy through his chairmanship of several academic bodies and his two reports on the future supply of scientists and how university research should be assessed. He was knighted in 1997 for his services to higher education.
Academic and public service career
Born in Penmaenmawr, Caernarvonshire, North Wales, he studied physics to PhD level at the University College of North Wales, Bangor, graduating in 1964.
Following a post at the New University of Ulster, he was appointed Professor of Applied Physics at the University of Durham in 1976, where he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1984. He went back into industry in 1985 as director of research at Thorn EMI plc, and was appointed to a visiting professorship in the Department of Engineering Science at Oxford and to a Fellowship at Brasenose College in 1986. He won the Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize in 1986. He presented the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures in 1988.
He was a member of the Prime Minister's Advisory Council on Science and Technology from July 1989 to July 1992.
He was vice-chancellor of the University of Sheffield from 1991 to 2000. From 1995 to 1997 he was chairman of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals (now called Universities UK). In 1997 he was also president of the Institute of Physics and was knighted
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational%20study
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In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints. One common observational study is about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treated group or a control group. Observational studies, for lacking an assignment mechanism, naturally present difficulties for inferential analysis.
Motivation
The independent variable may be beyond the control of the investigator for a variety of reasons:
A randomized experiment would violate ethical standards. Suppose one wanted to investigate the abortion – breast cancer hypothesis, which postulates a causal link between induced abortion and the incidence of breast cancer. In a hypothetical controlled experiment, one would start with a large subject pool of pregnant women and divide them randomly into a treatment group (receiving induced abortions) and a control group (not receiving abortions), and then conduct regular cancer screenings for women from both groups. Needless to say, such an experiment would run counter to common ethical principles. (It would also suffer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%20Twister
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Arkansas Twister is a wooden roller coaster at Magic Springs and Crystal Falls amusement park in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Originally opening in 1978 as The Roaring Tiger at Circus World theme park, the roller coaster was purchased in 1991 by Magic Springs, where it reopened as Arkansas Twister on May 30, 1992. It features a and reaches speeds of up to as it travels through the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains. The ride was also known as "Florida Hurricane" and "Michael Jackson's Thrill Coaster" over the years. Magic Springs purchased the ride from Boardwalk and Baseball for $10,000, and relocation costs brought the total investment to roughly $900,000.
History
The roller coaster made its debut in 1978 as The Roaring Tiger at Circus World in Haines City, Florida. Designed by Don Rosser & Associates and renowned coaster engineer Bill Cobb, the ride cost $2.3 million to construct using over a half-million feet of Douglas fir lumber. With of track and speeds originally up to , it was billed as "the South's longest and fastest roller coaster" by the park. It was famously known as a personal favorite of celebrity Michael Jackson, who visited the park frequently in the 1980s to ride.
As Circus World changed ownership several times over the years, the roller coaster was renamed briefly to "Michael Jackson's Thrill Coaster" and eventually to "Florida Hurricane" when the park reopened as Boardwalk and Baseball in 1987. Boardwalk and Baseball closed shortly thereafter in 1990, and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Simmons%20Family%20Jewels
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Gene Simmons Family Jewels is an American reality television series that premiered on A&E on August 7, 2006 and ended on July 14, 2012. It follows Kiss bassist and vocalist Gene Simmons, his longtime partner and wife Shannon Tweed, and their two children, Nick and Sophie.
"It is very much like The Osbournes," Simmons noted. "But I believe that people will see us on television and see how I run things and the rules I make, and they'll think, 'Put that guy in charge!'"
Although it is presented as a reality series, some events shown did not actually occur. One of these was in the finale of Season 3: the viewer is led to believe Gene purchased the Australian Football team Carlton Football Club. In reality, there is no record of the team being sold to him. Additionally, the episode shows Simmons convincing Brendan Fevola to join Carlton Football Club, while in reality Fevola had been playing for Carlton since he was drafted in 1998. Other events include casting biker extras, as well as a bit actor in the show.
Prior to the third season, the series was the second highest rated series on A&E, behind Dog the Bounty Hunter. In Australia, the series is shown on The Biography Channel every Wednesday at 8:30 pm on Foxtel and Austar. It is also shown on the free to air channel 7mate. The first three seasons were played back to back ending on April 1, 2009. Seasons 1-5 have been released on DVD. Season 6 premiered on June 14, 2011 on A&E with the episode "Breaking Up Is Hard To Do." I
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20University%20Institute%20for%20Genome%20Sciences%20and%20Policy
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Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy (IGSP) is an institution established at Duke University to address the many issues in science and policy that the Genome Revolution and recent advances in Genome Science are expected to create. It is located in the CIEMAS building at Duke University and houses some well known researchers in the genomics field including Huntington F. Willard, who is the director of the IGSP.
Genome Sciences and Policy
Genomics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A1%20Huta
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Stará Huta () is a village and municipality in Detva District, in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Detva District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulungu
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In Zulu, the creator is called uMvelinqangi or God according to the Bible is called uNkulunkulu.
In traditional Bantu cultures
Origin, diffusion, and etymology
The original early-Bantu name for the highest God of gods, creator and father of all gods, was probably Nyàmbé, possibly from the verb root -àmb-, "to begin". With the diversification of Bantu cultures, other names came about, with "Mulungu" emerging in the ancient Southern-Kaskazi group (about 6000 BC). The etymology of the name is disputed. One hypothesis is that the name is derived from a verb root -ng-, meaning "to be rectified", "to become right"; in this case, the original concept of Mulungu is that of a creator god that established the original, right order on the world.
Description
All traditional Bantu cultures have a notion of a "creator god", a concept which was already established in the Niger-Congo cultures. This creator god is usually seen as a remote deity, far and detached from men and living beings; in some cases, it is more of an impersonal "creating force" or a primum movens than a "God" in the usual sense of the word. Even when described as a personal god, the Creator is believed to be far and detached from men and living beings; this detachment is the subject of a number of Bantu myths describing how the creator left the Earth, moving to the sky, as a consequence of him being upset with men or annoyed by their activities. It is thus a common trait of Bantu religions that no prayers, and us
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%20FA%20Cup%20final
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The 1896 FA Cup final was the 25th. edition of the FA Cup finals, belonging to the 1895–96 FA Cup. It was won by The Wednesday at the Crystal Palace, in a victory over Wolverhampton Wanderers.
Tournament format
Clubs competed for a new trophy, which remains the oldest surviving FA Cup trophy, although it was retired from use in 1910.
Route to the Final
The Wednesday
Round 1: Southampton St. Mary's 2–3 The Wednesday
Round 2: The Wednesday 2–1 Sunderland
Quarter-final: The Wednesday 4–0 Everton
Semi-final: The Wednesday 1–1 Bolton Wanderers
(at Goodison Park)
Replay: Bolton Wanderers 1–3 The Wednesday
(at Nottingham Forest)
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Round 1: Wolverhampton Wanderers 2–2 Notts County
Replay: Notts County 3–4 Wolverhampton Wanderers
Round 2: Wolverhampton Wanderers 2–0 Liverpool
Quarter-final: Wolverhampton Wanderers 3–0 Stoke City
Semi-final: Wolverhampton Wanderers 2–1 Derby County
(at Villa Park)
Match
Fred Spiksley became the star of the show in this Cup Final, scoring the two goals that gave the Wednesday a 2–1 win. Within the first minute, a run by Harry Davis, the outside-right, set up Spiksley to slot home the first. David Black soon equalised for Wolves with a cunning hook close to the post. Spiksley however smashed a shot against the upright which bounced into the goal and then out again. The referee gave a goal. The score stayed the same until the final whistle to give Wednesday their first FA Cup win.
Match details
References
External li
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classpath
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Classpath is a parameter in the Java Virtual Machine or the Java compiler that specifies the location of user-defined classes and packages. The parameter may be set either on the command-line, or through an environment variable.
Overview and architecture
Similar to the classic dynamic loading behavior, when executing Java programs, the Java Virtual Machine finds and loads classes lazily (it loads the bytecode of a class only when the class is first used). The classpath tells Java where to look in the filesystem for files defining these classes.
The virtual machine searches for and loads classes in this order:
bootstrap classes: the classes that are fundamental to the Java Platform (comprising the public classes of the Java Class Library, and the private classes that are necessary for this library to be functional).
extension classes: packages that are in the extension directory of the Java Runtime Environment or JDK, jre/lib/ext/
user-defined packages and libraries
By default only the packages of the JDK standard API and extension packages are accessible without needing to set where to find them. The path for all user-defined packages and libraries must be set in the command-line (or in the Manifest associated with the Jar file containing the classes).
Setting the path to execute Java programs
Supplying as application argument
Suppose we have a package called org.mypackage containing the classes:
HelloWorld (main class)
SupportClass
UtilClass
and the files defi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatwa%20%282006%20film%29
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Fatwa is a 2006 American dramatic thriller film starring Lauren Holly.
Plot
Junior Senator Maggie Davidson's hard-line anti-terrorism policy makes her the target for a sleeper cell of murderous Jihadist terrorists who plant a dirty bomb at the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota.
Cast
Lauren Holly as Maggie Davidson
Lacey Chabert as Noa Goldman
John Doman as John Davidson
Roger Guenveur Smith as Samir Al-Faied
Angus Macfadyen as Bobby
Rachel Miner as Cassie Davidson
Jayson Warner Smith as Teacher
References
External links
American action thriller films
American political thriller films
Films about terrorism in the United States
Films about jihadism
2006 films
2006 action thriller films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronovski
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Chronovski was formed in Singapore in 2003 to create a class of affordable crystal watches. Chronovski was positioned as a name synonymous with exquisite affordably priced timepieces, manufactured under the highest standards of quality and design.
At that time, the watch market was dominated by bling culture, facilitated by 3 trends.
The hip-hop culture led by rapstars such as Beyoncé, Eminem and Jay-Z.
The rightist/conservative movement towards bling culture where consumers styled themselves like monarchs decked in diamonds.
A mass market movement to diamond watches as a way to portray affluence.
Sensing that the market was in need of a quality quartz watch brand that could cater to the mass market, Chronovski proceeded to launch sub $100–200 crystal encrusted watches. "In an attempt to make time-reading exciting again, Chronovski watches often came with flashy and glittery designs.
In the years 2004 to 2010, Chronovski managed to distribute half a million pieces of watches and ride on the bling culture. Norway was the largest market, followed by USA, Sweden, Denmark, UK and Australia.
2008's Lehman Bros collapse decimated the bling-bling trend. What was seen as opulent excesses of Wall Street was frowned upon and the fashion trend shifted away from bling culture.
Most importantly, the rise of smartphones and its replacement of watches as time-keeping devices hit Chronovski badly in the early 2010s.
In 2012, the legacy of watch-making came to an end for the compa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetylaspartic%20acid
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N-Acetylaspartic acid, or ''N''-acetylaspartate (NAA), is a derivative of aspartic acid with a formula of C6H9NO5 and a molecular weight of 175.139.
NAA is the second-most-concentrated molecule in the brain after the amino acid glutamate. It is detected in the adult brain in neurons, oligodendrocytes and myelin and is synthesized in the mitochondria from the amino acid aspartic acid and acetyl-coenzyme A.
Function
The various functions served by NAA are under investigation, but the primary proposed functions include:
Neuronal osmolyte that is involved in fluid balance in the brain
Source of acetate for lipid and myelin synthesis in oligodendrocytes, the glial cells that myelinate neuronal axons
Precursor for the synthesis of the neuronal dipeptide N-Acetylaspartylglutamate
Contributor to energy production from the amino acid glutamate in neuronal mitochondria
In the brain, NAA was thought to be present predominantly in neuronal cell bodies, where it acts as a neuronal marker, but it is also free to diffuse throughout neuronal fibers.
Applications
However, the recent discovery of a higher concentration of NAA in myelin and oligodendrocytes than in neurons raises questions about the validity of the use of NAA as a neuronal marker. NAA gives off the largest signal in magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain. The levels measured there are decreased in numerous neuropathological conditions ranging from brain injury to stroke to Alzheimer's disease. This fact
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartoacylase
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Aspartoacylase is a hydrolytic enzyme (, also called aminoacylase II, ASPA and other names) that in humans is encoded by the ASPA gene. ASPA catalyzes the deacylation of N-acetyl-l-aspartate (N-acetylaspartate) into aspartate and acetate. It is a zinc-dependent hydrolase that promotes the deprotonation of water to use as a nucleophile in a mechanism analogous to many other zinc-dependent hydrolases. It is most commonly found in the brain, where it controls the levels of N-acetyl-l-aspartate. Mutations that result in loss of aspartoacylase activity are associated with Canavan disease, a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease.
Structure
Aspartoacylase is a dimer of two identical monomers of 313 amino acids and uses a zinc cofactor in each. There are two distinct domains in each monomer: the N-terminal domain from residues 1-212 and the C-terminal domain from residues 213–313. The N-terminal domain of aspartoacylase is similar to that of zinc-dependent hydrolases such as carboxypeptidaseA. However, carboxypeptidases do not have something similar to the C-domain. In carboxypeptidase A, the active site is accessible to large substrates like the bulky C-terminal residue of polypeptides, whereas the C-domain sterically hinders access to the active site in aspartoacylase. Instead, the N-domain and C-domain of aspartoacylase form a deep narrow channel that leads to the active site.
The zinc cofactor is found at the active site and is held by Glu-24, His-21, and His 11
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAPACK%2B%2B
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LAPACK++, the Linear Algebra PACKage in C++, is a computer software library of algorithms for numerical linear algebra that solves systems of linear equations and eigenvalue problems.
It supports various matrix classes for vectors, non-symmetric matrices, SPD matrices, symmetric matrices, banded, triangular, and tridiagonal matrices. However, it does not include all of the capabilities of original LAPACK library.
History
The original LAPACK++ (up to v1.1a) was written by R. Pozo et al. at the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
In 2000, R. Pozo et al. left the project, with the projects' web page stating LAPACK++ would be superseded by the Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT).
The current LAPACK++ (versions 1.9 onwards) started off as a fork from the original LAPACK++. There are extensive fixes and changes, such as more wrapper functions for LAPACK and BLAS routines.
See also
List of numerical analysis software
List of numerical libraries
External links
old LAPACK++ Homepage (version 1.1a)
new LAPACK++ Homepage (versions 1.9 onwards)
C++ numerical libraries
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman%20Carr
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Herman Y. Carr (November 28, 1924 – April 9, 2008), who published as H. Y. Carr, was an American physicist and pioneer of magnetic resonance imaging.
Carr was born in Alliance, Ohio, where he was an Alliance High School graduate in January 1943; he later was inducted into their Hall of Fame. He served in the army as a sergeant in the 12th Weather Squadron Air Corps during World War II in Italy.
After the war he received a Harvard National Scholarship from Harvard University and graduated summa cum laude in 1948 and also earned his master's degree in 1949 and a Ph.D. in physics in 1953 from Harvard University. His doctorate thesis, published in 1952, described the first techniques for using gradients in magnetic fields and is the first example of magnetic resonance imaging. He later moved to Rutgers University, where he was professor. Carr became professor emeritus in 1987 and was actively involved in the area of MRI with studies up until his death.
In 2003 the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Paul C. Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield for their work on MRI. There was some controversy when Carr was not awarded the prize jointly with Lauterbur and Mansfield. See Nobel Prize controversies.
Ten years before the Nobel announcement, Carr wrote to Physics Today noting that both his 1952 demonstration of use of magnetic gradients for spatial localization and his actual demonstration of 1-D "imaging" had been overlooked by the radiologist Felix Wehrli in a 1992 article. In a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic%20gene%20modulation
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Therapeutic gene modulation refers to the practice of altering the expression of a gene at one of various stages, with a view to alleviate some form of ailment. It differs from gene therapy in that gene modulation seeks to alter the expression of an endogenous gene (perhaps through the introduction of a gene encoding a novel modulatory protein) whereas gene therapy concerns the introduction of a gene whose product aids the recipient directly.
Modulation of gene expression can be mediated at the level of transcription by DNA-binding agents (which may be artificial transcription factors), small molecules, or synthetic oligonucleotides. It may also be mediated post-transcriptionally through RNA interference.
Transcriptional gene modulation
An approach to therapeutic modulation utilizes agents that modulate endogenous transcription by specifically targeting those genes at the gDNA level. The advantage to this approach over modulation at the mRNA or protein level is that every cell contains only a single gDNA copy. Thus the target copy number is significantly lower allowing the drugs to theoretically be administered at much lower doses.
This approach also offers several advantages over traditional gene therapy. Directly targeting endogenous transcription should yield correct relative expression of splice variants. In contrast, traditional gene therapy typically introduces a gene which can express only one transcript, rather than a set of stoichiometrically-expressed spliced t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20distribution
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The hyperbolic distribution is a continuous probability distribution characterized by the logarithm of the probability density function being a hyperbola. Thus the distribution decreases exponentially, which is more slowly than the normal distribution. It is therefore suitable to model phenomena where numerically large values are more probable than is the case for the normal distribution. Examples are returns from financial assets and turbulent wind speeds. The hyperbolic distributions form a subclass of the generalised hyperbolic distributions.
The origin of the distribution is the observation by Ralph Bagnold, published in his book The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes (1941), that the logarithm of the histogram of the empirical size distribution of sand deposits tends to form a hyperbola. This observation was formalised mathematically by Ole Barndorff-Nielsen in a paper in 1977, where he also introduced the generalised hyperbolic distribution, using the fact the a hyperbolic distribution is a random mixture of normal distributions.
References
Continuous distributions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20biodiversity%20databases
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This is a list of biodiversity databases. Biodiversity databases store taxonomic information alone or more commonly also other information like distribution (spatial) data and ecological data, which provide information on the biodiversity of a particular area or group of living organisms. They may store specimen-level information, species-level information, information on nomenclature, or any combination of the above. Most are available online.
Specimen-focused databases contain data about individual specimens, as represented by vouchered museum specimens, collections of specimen photographs, data on field-based specimen observations and morphological or genetic data. Species-focused databases contain information summarised at the species-level. Some species-focused databases attempt to compile comprehensive data about particular species (FishBase), while others focus on particular species attributes, such as checklists of species in a given area (FEOW) or the conservation status of species (CITES or IUCN Red List). Nomenclators act as summaries of taxonomic revisions and set a key between specimen-focused and species-focused databases. They do this because taxonomic revisions use specimen data to determine species limits.
See also
Taxonomic database
Biodiversity informatics
Global biodiversity
References
External links
List of species databases at the Catalogue of Life
List of biodiversity databases at Biodiversity Tools
Databases
Biodiversity databases
Biologi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Bailey%20%28statistician%29
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Philip Jonathan Bailey (born 10 June 1953) is an English cricket statistician. He was educated at Eltham College and Cambridge University.
He is the chief statistician and records compiler for Wisden Cricketers' Almanack and contributes the career records section to Playfair Cricket Annual. He has previously worked for the Cricinfo website and for CricketArchive. He is a co-author of The Who's Who of Cricketers published by Hamlyn in 1993.
Bailey is acknowledged to be one of the major cricket statisticians of his generation. Wisden editor Matthew Engel credits him with taking "this abstruse branch of science to levels that in other fields win Nobel Prizes".
References
1953 births
Living people
People from Essex
People from Orpington
Cricket historians and writers
People educated at Eltham College
Cricket statisticians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap%20formation
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When molecules on the surface of a motile eukaryotic cell are crosslinked, they are moved to one end of the cell to form a "cap". This phenomenon, the process of which is called cap formation, was discovered in 1971 on lymphocytes and is a property of amoebae and all locomotory animal cells except sperm. The crosslinking is most easily achieved using a polyvalent antibody to a surface antigen on the cell. Cap formation can be visualised by attaching a fluorophore, such as fluorescein, to the antibody.
Steps
The antibody is bound to the cell. If the antibody is non-crosslinking (such as a Fab antibody fragment), the bound antibody is uniformly distributed. This can be done at 0 °C, room temperature, or 37 °C.
If the antibody is crosslinking and bound to the cells at 0 °C, the distribution of antibodies has a patchy appearance. These “patches” are two-dimensional precipitates of antigen-antibody complex and are quite analogous to the three-dimensional precipitates that form in solution.
If cells with patches are warmed up, the patches move to one end of the cell to form a cap. In lymphocytes, this capping process takes about 5 minutes. If carried out on cells attached to a substratum, the cap forms at the rear of the moving cell.
Capping only occurs on motile cells and is therefore believed to reflect an intrinsic property of how cells move. It is an energy dependent process and in lymphocytes is partially inhibited by cytochalasin B (which disrupts microfilaments) but unaffe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-theorem
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In quantum field theory the C-theorem states that there exists a positive real function, , depending on the coupling constants of the quantum field theory considered, , and on the energy scale, , which has the following properties:
decreases monotonically under the renormalization group (RG) flow.
At fixed points of the RG flow, which are specified by a set of fixed-point couplings , the function is a constant, independent of energy scale.
The theorem formalizes the notion that theories at high energies have more degrees of freedom than theories at low energies and that information is lost as we flow from the former to the latter.
Two-dimensional case
Alexander Zamolodchikov proved in 1986 that two-dimensional quantum field theory always has such a C-function. Moreover, at fixed points of the RG flow, which correspond to conformal field theories, Zamolodchikov's C-function is equal to the central charge of the corresponding conformal field theory, which lends the name C to the theorem.
Four-dimensional case: A-theorem
John Cardy in 1988 considered the possibility to generalise C-theorem to higher-dimensional quantum field theory. He conjectured that in four spacetime dimensions, the quantity behaving monotonically under renormalization group flows, and thus playing the role analogous to the central charge in two dimensions, is a certain anomaly coefficient which came to be denoted as .
For this reason, the analog of the C-theorem in four dimensions is called the A-the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Paine%20%28civil%20servant%29
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George Paine CB DFC (14 April 1918 – 2 March 1992) (known as "Toby") was a statistician in the British Civil Service. He rose to become Director of Statistics and Intelligence at the Inland Revenue, Registrar General of England and Wales, and Director of Office of Population Censuses and Surveys from November 1972.
He was born in Kent and was schooled at home, Ovingdean Hall School and Bradfield College before attending Peterhouse, Cambridge.
He navigated in De Havilland Mosquitos during World War II and earned a DFC. He took early retirement in 1978. to farm in Wiltshire.
Honours and awards
19 September 1944 – Flying Office Robert Lyle James Barbour (125456), RAFVR, 264 Sqn. Flying Officer George Paine (129167), RAFVR, 264 Sqn. Have been awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) – These officers have completed very many sorties as pilot and observer respectively. They have displayed great skill and co-operation and have destroyed 3 enemy aircraft at night. Their keenness and devotion to duty have been most commendable.
15 June 1974 – George Paine, DFC, Director of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and Registar General of England and Wales is appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath
References
Philip Redfern, "Obituary: George ('Toby') Paine CB, DFC, 1918-92", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) 156 (1993), pp. 121–122
1918 births
1992 deaths
English statisticians
People educated at Bradfield College
Recipien
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSCAN
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FSCAN is a disk scheduling algorithm to determine the motion of the disk's arm and head in servicing read and write requests.
It uses two sub-queues. During the scan, all of the requests are in the first queue and all new requests are put into the second queue. Thus, service of new requests is deferred until all of the old requests have been processed. When the scan ends, the arm is taken to the first queue entries and is started all over again.
Analysis
FSCAN along with N-Step-SCAN prevents "arm stickiness" unlike SSTF, SCAN, and C-SCAN. Arm stickiness in those other algorithms occurs when a stream of requests for the same track causes the disk arm to stop progressing at that track, preferring to satisfy the no-seek requests for the track it is on. Because FSCAN separates requests into two queues, with new requests going into a waiting queue, the arm continues its sweep to the outer track and is therefore not "sticky." There is an obvious trade-off in that the requests in the waiting queue must wait longer to be fulfilled, but in exchange FSCAN is more fair to all requests.
Variations
There can be multiple variations of this algorithm. Instead of using just 2 queues, one can use N queues (with N greater than 2). The benefit of using N queues is there would be limited number of entries in a given queue and hence the reference string queue would take lesser time to get completed. Hence, the queues will get swiped faster which in turn improves the responding time of algori
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundo%20de%20Cristal
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Mundo de Cristal (English: Crystal World) is the second studio album by Mexican singer Thalía, released in Mexico on 26 September 1991, by Fonovisa Records. It was Thalía's second and last album to be produced by Alfredo Díaz Ordaz, who was her boyfriend at that time and died of hepatitis in 1993. Mundo de Cristal was certified 2× Gold in Mexico for shipments of 200,000 units. The most successful singles from the album were "Sudor", "En La Intimidad" and "Fuego Cruzado". To celebrate Thalía's 25th anniversary as a solo artist, this album is available in the digital platforms iTunes and Spotify since December 2014.
Background and production
After the success of her first studio album, which earned the artist a 2× Gold certification for more than 200,000 copies sold in less than a year, the singer was exhausted with the album promotion. Furthermore, her dissatisfaction with the countless criticisms received for her new rebellious and sensual image was notable. The singer went into depression and came to think about stop singing. Her mother Yolanda and her boyfriend Alfredo Díaz convinced her to take a vacation in Los Angeles and at that time, Alfredo proposed to marry her. The singer refuses the request but feels she was ready to continue with her musical career.
The twelve songs of this album were produced by Alfredo Díaz Ordaz, who also produced Thalía. Four songs of Mundo de Cristal were originally written for Thalía's debut album: "Sudor", "Me Matas", "Jollie Madame" and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murano%20beads
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Murano beads are intricate glass beads influenced by Venetian glass artists.
Since 1291, Murano glassmakers have refined technologies for producing beads and glasswork such as crystalline glass, enamelled glass (smalto), glass with threads of gold (aventurine), multicolored glass (millefiori), milk glass (lattimo) and imitation gemstones made of glass.
Color
The process of Murano bead-making begins with the production of color canes. The chemical compounds involved in color fabrication are extremely sensitive so they must be mixed with absolute accuracy. Aquamarine is created through the use of copper and cobalt, and ruby red is achieved through the use of a gold solution as a coloring agent.
Lampworked beads
Most Murano beads are made using an air pump burner lampworking or torch and mandrel technique. Once the mandrel was made by using an iron rod covered with a release material stuck on the top of the rod; now a copper tube has taken its place. The copper tube helps make many other different shapes.
The lamp-work method is the most time-consuming method of glass bead-making, as each bead must be formed individually. Using a torch for heat, Murano glass rods and tubes are heated to a molten state and wrapped around a metal rod until the desired shape is achieved. Several layers of different colored glass, as well as gold and silver leaf, are used to produce the desired effect. After the bead is slowly cooled, it is removed from the rod, resulting in a hole for eventua
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katsuma%20Dan
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was a Japanese embryologist and cell biologist. He was born in 1904 in Tokyo, the youngest son of Baron Dan Takuma, president of the Mitsui Gomei Kaisha Corporation. Takuma Dan was educated in the United States, graduating from MIT in 1878. He was one of the first foreign students to be educated at MIT and later, as president of the Japan Steel Works, he initiated and maintained close research ties with The Institute.
After receiving his undergraduate degree in Japan, Katsuma Dan also came to the United States where he studied embryology with Prof. L.V. Heilbrunn at the University of Pennsylvania. In addition Dan worked and studied at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole (MBL) from 1931 to 1934, and later in 1936. It was here that he met his future wife (and longtime scientific collaborator) Jean M. Clark (1910–1978). Clark, who was also a student of Heilbrunn's, studied fertilization in marine invertebrates. The couple raised five children. They also maintained lasting ties to the MBL and returned often in later years as summer researchers and lecturers in embryology.
In March 1932, while Dan was studying at the MBL, his father was assassinated in Japan by ultra-nationalist radicals in the 'League of Blood Incident'. Katsuma Dan returned to Japan in the late 1930s and worked at the Misaki Marine Biological Station in Morioso Bay. He and his students maintained a remarkable degree of scientific productivity during World War II. His spirit is reflected in a letter
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achterbahn%20%28stream%20cipher%29
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In cryptography, Achterbahn is the name of a synchronous stream cipher algorithm submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
In the final specification the cipher is called ACHTERBAHN-128/80, because it supports the key lengths of 80 bits and 128 bits, respectively.
Achterbahn was developed by Berndt Gammel, Rainer Göttfert and Oliver Kniffler.
Achterbahn means rollercoaster (in German), though a literal translation of the term would be eight-track, which indicates that the cipher can encrypt eight bit streams in parallel.
The parameters of the cipher are given in the following table:
ACHTERBAHN-128 is downward compatible and can produce the same keystream as ACHTERBAHN-80 if so desired. The keystream generator of ACHTERBAHN-128/80 is based on the design principle of the nonlinear combination generator, however it deploys primitive nonlinear feedback shift registers (NLFSR) instead of linear ones (LFSR).
Security
There are no known cryptanalytic attacks against ACHTERBAHN-128/80 for the tabulated parameters that are faster than brute force attack.
Recent analysis showed that attacks are possible if larger frame (packet) lengths are used in a communication protocol.
The cipher's authors recommend a maximum frame length of 244 bits. This value does however not imply practical limitations.
Performance
The ACHTERBAHN-128/80 stream cipher is optimized for hardware applications with restricted resources, such as limited gate count and power consumption. An imple
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussau%20Island
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Mussau Island is the largest island of St Matthias Islands, Papua New Guinea, at . It is currently part of the New Ireland Province of Papua New Guinea. The island is a noted biodiversity hotspot with pristine primeval rainforest covering most of Mussau's hilly landscape. The island has over 243 endemic plant species as well as at least 47 native butterfly species.
References
https://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/mapsonline/base-maps/mussau-island
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280134331_A
External links
OrchidsPNG.com
Islands of Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago
New Ireland Province
Volcanoes of Papua New Guinea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CryptMT
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In cryptography, CryptMT is a stream cipher algorithm which internally uses the Mersenne twister. It was developed by Makoto Matsumoto, Mariko Hagita, Takuji Nishimura and Mutsuo Saito and is patented. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM project of the eCRYPT network.
In that submission to eSTREAM, the authors also included another cipher named Fubuki, which also uses the Mersenne twister.
External links
eStream page on CryptMT
CryptMT author's page
Stream ciphers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECIM
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In cryptography, DECIM is a stream cypher algorithm designed by Come Berbain, Olivier Billet, Anne Canteaut, Nicolas Courtois, Blandine Debraize, Henri Gilbert, Louis Goubin, Aline Gouget, Louis Granboulan, Cédric Lauradoux, Marine Minier, Thomas Pornin and Hervé Sibert.
DECIM algorithm was partly patented but its authors wished for it to remain freely available. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
History
DECIM was announced in 2005. In 2006 two flaws were identified which could leave the encypted ciphertext vulnerable to attack. A revised version of cipher, DECIM v2, as well as a 128-bit security version were developed, both proving vulnerable to attack.
References
Footnotes
Sources
Stream ciphers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICING
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In cryptography, DICING is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Li An-Ping. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
References
Stream ciphers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-FCSR
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In cryptography, F-FCSR is a stream cipher developed by Thierry Berger, François Arnault, and Cédric Lauradoux. The core of the cipher is a Feedback with Carry Shift Register (FCSR) automaton, which is similar to a LFSR, but they perform operations with carries so their transition function is nonlinear.
F-FCSR was one of the eight algorithms selected for the eCRYPT network's eSTREAM Portfolio, but it was later removed because further analysis showed weaknesses.
References
Broken stream ciphers
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