source
stringlengths 32
209
| text
stringlengths 18
1.5k
|
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Put%20Your%20Hand%20in%20the%20Hand
|
"Put Your Hand in the Hand" is a gospel pop song composed by Gene MacLellan and first recorded by Canadian singer Anne Murray from her third studio album Honey, Wheat and Laughter.
It became a hit single for the Canadian band Ocean, released as their debut single and title track to their debut album. The song peaked at No. 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, kept from No. 1 by "Joy to the World" by Three Dog Night. It remained in the top 10 for seven weeks, and was ranked as the No. 33 song for 1971 according to Billboard. The song also reached No. 4 on the Adult Contemporary chart. The band received fan mail for the song from religious figures such as Billy Graham and the Bishop of Toronto.
After MacLellan's suicide in 1995, his friend and fellow Atlantic Canadian musician Ron Hynes wrote the song "Godspeed" as a tribute, the lyrics for which reference the title of this song.
The song was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2006. A remix from the same year adds an instrumental, which occurs between the second chorus and the second verse, as well as a repeat of the chorus and a final instrumentalist chorus, that ends without the fade.
Track listing
7" single
A1 "Put Your Hand in the Hand" – 2:52
A2 "Tear Down the Fences" – 2:53
Chart history
Weekly charts
Ocean
Year-end charts
Alan Garrity
Cover versions
The song was covered in the 1970s by a number of other performers, including Elvis Presley (who also covered MacLellan's "
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorargyrite
|
Chlorargyrite is the mineral form of silver chloride (AgCl). Chlorargyrite occurs as a secondary mineral phase in the oxidation of silver mineral deposits. It crystallizes in the isometric - hexoctahedral crystal class. Typically massive to columnar in occurrence it also has been found as colorless to variably yellow cubic crystals. The color changes to brown or purple on exposure to light. It is quite soft with a Mohs hardness of 1 to 2 and dense with a specific gravity of 5.55. It is also known as cerargyrite and, when weathered by desert air, as horn silver. Bromian chlorargyrite (or embolite) is also common. Chlorargyrite is water-insoluble.
It occurs associated with native silver, cerussite, iodargyrite, atacamite, malachite, jarosite and various iron–manganese oxides.
It was first described in 1875 for occurrences in the Broken Hill district, New South Wales, Australia. The rich Bridal Chamber deposit at Lake Valley, Sierra County, New Mexico was almost pure chlorargyrite. The name is from the Greek, chloros for "pale green" and Latin for silver, argentum.
See also
Bromargyrite
Iodargyrite
References
Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1951) Dana's system of mineralogy, (7th edition), v. II, pp. 11–15
Halide minerals
Silver minerals
Alchemical substances
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 225
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NS%20Class%20400
|
The Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) Class 400 was a derivative of the successful Class 200, also built for shunting duties. They were larger than their predecessors, and were built by Werkspoor from probably 1945–1956. They were called "Grote Siks" (big goats). Unlike their predecessors, they were generally unsuccessful and in 10 years were replaced by the larger Series 500 and 600.
0400
Werkspoor locomotives
B locomotives
Diesel locomotives of the Netherlands
Standard gauge locomotives of the Netherlands
Railway locomotives introduced in 1945
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perifocal%20coordinate%20system
|
The perifocal coordinate (PQW) system is a frame of reference for an orbit. The frame is centered at the focus of the orbit, i.e. the celestial body about which the orbit is centered. The unit vectors and lie in the plane of the orbit. is directed towards the periapsis of the orbit and has a true anomaly () of 90 degrees past the periapsis. The third unit vector is the angular momentum vector and is directed orthogonal to the orbital plane such that:
And, since is the unit vector in the direction of the angular momentum vector, it may also be expressed as:
where h is the specific relative angular momentum.
The position and velocity vectors can be determined for any location of the orbit. The position vector, r, can be expressed as:
where is the true anomaly and the radius may be calculated from the orbit equation.
The velocity vector, v, is found by taking the time derivative of the position vector:
A derivation from the orbit equation can be made to show that:
where is the gravitational parameter of the focus, h is the specific relative angular momentum of the orbital body, e is the eccentricity of the orbit, and is the true anomaly. is the radial component of the velocity vector (pointing inward toward the focus) and is the tangential component of the velocity vector. By substituting the equations for and into the velocity vector equation and simplifying, the final form of the velocity vector equation is obtained as:
Conversion between coordinate sys
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating%20tank
|
A rotating tank is a device used for fluid dynamics experiments. Typically cylinders filled with water on a rotating platform, the tanks can be used in various ways to simulate the atmosphere or ocean.
For example, a rotating tank with an ice bucket in the center can represent the Earth, with a cold pole simulated by the ice bucket. Just as in the atmosphere, eddies and a westerly jetstream form in the water.
External links
Rotating tank experiment descriptions and movies
Fluid dynamics
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Range
|
The Crystal Range is a small chain of mountain peaks in the Desolation Wilderness in the U.S. state of California. It is a subrange of the Sierra Nevada. The highest and most southerly peak is Pyramid Peak at 9985 ft; Mount Agassiz is next north at 9967 ft, with Mount Price (9975 ft) rounding out the southern group of peaks. Tells Peak is the northernmost named peak in the range.
It is southwest of Lake Tahoe and north of U.S. Route 50. Two main access roads run off of U.S. Route 50, Ice House Road, which is furthest west, and more easterly, Wright's Lake Road which is a steep road not conducive to trailers or large vehicles. Many access the tallest peak Pyramid Peak from Hwy 50 directly hiking in, to the Desolation Wilderness.
References
External links
The Crystal Range seen from east within the Desolation Wilderness looking over Lake Aloha, Pyramid Peak on the left.
Mountains of the Desolation Wilderness
Mountain ranges of Northern California
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJIJ-FM
|
CJIJ-FM (branded as C99 FM) was a Canadian radio station, broadcasting in FM stereo at a frequency of 99.9 MHz from Membertou, Nova Scotia, a First Nations community near Sydney. CJIJ plays a variety of rock music.
The station received CRTC approval in 2002 and went on the air in 2003.
On January 29, 2021 Membertou Radio Association Inc. requested to the CRTC a voluntary revocation of their license, which was carried out on February 22, 2021.
References
External links
CJIJ-FM Facebook
Jij
Radio stations established in 2003
Radio stations disestablished in 2021
2003 establishments in Nova Scotia
2021 disestablishments in Nova Scotia
Membertou First Nation
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleming%E2%80%93Viot%20process
|
In probability theory, a Fleming–Viot process (F–V process) is a member of a particular subset of probability measure-valued Markov processes on compact metric spaces, as defined in the 1979 paper by Wendell Helms Fleming and Michel Viot. Such processes are martingales and diffusions.
The Fleming–Viot processes have proved to be important to the development of a mathematical basis for the theories behind allele drift.
They are generalisations of the Wright–Fisher process and arise as infinite population limits of suitably rescaled variants of Moran processes.
See also
Coalescent theory
Voter model
References
Fleming, W. H., Michel Viot, M. (1979) "Some measure-valued Markov processes in population genetics theory" (PDF format) Indiana University Mathematics Journal, 28 (5), 817–843.
Ferrari, Pablo A.; Mari, Nevena "Quasi stationary distributions and Fleming Viot processes" , Lecture presentation
Markov processes
Statistical genetics
Martingale theory
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshiki%20Kuramoto
|
(born 1940) is a Japanese physicist in the Nonlinear Dynamics group at Kyoto University who formulated the Kuramoto model and is also known for the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation. He is also the discoverer of so-called chimera states in networks of coupled oscillators.
Kuramoto specializes in nonlinear dynamics (also known as nonlinear science) and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Notably, he has worked on the network dynamics created by limit cycle oscillators. Among his accomplishments is the derivation of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, which describes the phase instability of oscillating fields. This is regarded as the first example of spatiotemporal chaos. Another achievement is his proposal of a solvable model for oscillator populations, now known as the Kuramoto model. Other achievements include deriving the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation in reaction-diffusion systems and studying the entrainment phenomenon in coupled oscillator systems.
Biography
He was born in Osaka.
He holds a Doctor of Science degree from Kyoto University (1970). He is currently an emeritus professor of Kyoto University and a visiting professor at the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University.
Kuramoto was a student of Kazuhisa Tomita and Hajime Mori. Originally, he studied the statistical mechanics of phase transitions, but he began researching nonlinear dynamics due to doubts about the research on dissipative structures by Ilya Prigogine and others, who rece
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cox%20process
|
In probability theory, a Cox process, also known as a doubly stochastic Poisson process is a point process which is a generalization of a Poisson process where the intensity that varies across the underlying mathematical space (often space or time) is itself a stochastic process. The process is named after the statistician David Cox, who first published the model in 1955.
Cox processes are used to generate simulations of spike trains (the sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron), and also in financial mathematics where they produce a "useful framework for modeling prices of financial instruments in which credit risk is a significant factor."
Definition
Let be a random measure.
A random measure is called a Cox process directed by , if is a Poisson process with intensity measure .
Here, is the conditional distribution of , given .
Laplace transform
If is a Cox process directed by , then has the Laplace transform
for any positive, measurable function .
See also
Poisson hidden Markov model
Doubly stochastic model
Inhomogeneous Poisson process, where λ(t) is restricted to a deterministic function
Ross's conjecture
Gaussian process
Mixed Poisson process
References
Notes
Bibliography
Cox, D. R. and Isham, V. Point Processes, London: Chapman & Hall, 1980
Donald L. Snyder and Michael I. Miller Random Point Processes in Time and Space Springer-Verlag, 1991 (New York) (Berlin)
Poisson point processes
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okorokov%20effect
|
The Okorokov effect () or resonant coherent excitation, occurs when heavy ions move in crystals under channeling conditions. V. Okorokov predicted this effect in 1965 and it was first observed by Sheldon Datz in 1978.
References
Charge carriers
Ions
Physical chemistry
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow%20jersey%20statistics
|
Since the first Tour de France in 1903, there have been 2,205 stages, up to and including the final stage of the 2021 Tour de France. Since 1919, the race leader following each stage has been awarded the yellow jersey ().
Although the leader of the classification after a stage gets a yellow jersey, he is not considered the winner of the yellow jersey, only the wearer. Only after the final stage, the wearer of the yellow jersey is considered the winner of the yellow jersey, and thereby the winner of the Tour de France.
In this article first-place-classifications before 1919 are also counted as if a yellow jersey was awarded. There have been more yellow jerseys given than there were stages: In 1914, 1929, and 1931, there were multiple cyclists with the same leading time, and the 1988 Tour de France had a "prelude", an extra stage for a select group of cyclists. As of 2021 a total of 2,208 yellow jerseys have been awarded in the Tour de France to 295 riders.
Individual records
In previous tours, sometimes a stage was broken in two (or three). On such occasions, only the cyclist leading at the end of the day is counted. The "Jerseys" column lists the number of days that the cyclist wore the yellow jersey; the "Tour wins" column gives the number of times the cyclist won the general classification. The next four columns indicate the number of times the rider won the points classification, the King of the Mountains classification, and the young rider competition, and the years i
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide%20peptide
|
Polysaccharide peptide (PSP) is a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from the edible mushroom Coriolus versicolor. PSP is currently in the animal-testing phase of research in many countries for use as an anti-tumor drug. It appears to work as a biological response modifier (BRM), enhancing the body's own use of macrophages and T-lymphocytes, rather than directly attacking any tumors.
Polysaccharide Krestin (PSK) was first isolated in Japan in the late 1960s while PSP was isolated about 1983 in China. Each compound has shown remarkable anticancer properties with few side effects. By 1987 PSK accounted for more than 25% of total national expenditure for anticancer agents in Japan.
See also
Polysaccharide-K
References
Organic polymers
Polysaccharides
Oncology
Medicinal fungi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20eclipses%20on%20Mars
|
The two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, are much smaller than Earth's Moon, greatly reducing the frequency of solar eclipses on that planet. Neither moon's apparent diameter is large enough to cover the disk of the Sun, and therefore they are annular solar eclipses and can also be considered transits.
Eclipses caused by Phobos
Due to the small size of Phobos (about ) and its rapid orbital motion, an observer on the surface of Mars would never experience a solar eclipse for longer than about thirty seconds. Phobos also takes only 7 hours 39 minutes to orbit Mars, while a Martian day is 24 hours 37 minutes long, meaning that Phobos can create two eclipses per Martian day. These are annular eclipses, because Phobos is not quite large enough or close enough to Mars to create a total solar eclipse. The highest resolution, highest frame rate video of a Phobos transit has been recently released from the Mastcam-Z on Perseverance rover https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-perseverance-rover-captures-video-of-solar-eclipse-on-mars.
Transits caused by Deimos
Deimos is too small (about ) and too far from Mars to cause an eclipse. The best an observer on Mars would see is a small spot crossing the Sun's disc.
View from Earth
Both moons are too small to cast a shadow on Mars that can be seen from Earth. However, shortly after the first artificial satellites were placed in orbit around Mars, the shadow of Phobos was seen in pictures transmitted to Earth.
One of these photos was fr
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxybenzotriazole
|
Hydroxybenzotriazole (abbreviated HOBt) is an organic compound that is a derivative of benzotriazole. It is a white crystalline powder, which as a commercial product contains some water (~11.7% wt as the HOBt monohydrate crystal). Anhydrous HOBt is explosive.
It is mainly used to suppress the racemization of single-enantiomer chiral molecules and to improve the efficiency of peptide synthesis.
Use in peptide synthesis
Automated peptide synthesis involves the condensation of the amino group of protected amino acids with the activated ester. HOBt is used to produce such activated esters. These esters are insoluble (like the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters) and react with amines at ambient temperature to give amides.
HOBt is also used for the synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids aside from amino acids. These substrates may not be convertible to the acyl chlorides. For instance amide derivatives of ionophoric antibiotics have been prepared in this way.
Safety
Due to reclassification as UN0508, a class 1.3C explosive, hydroxybenzotriazole and its monohydrate crystal are no longer allowed to be transported by sea or air as per 49CFR (USDOT hazardous materials regulations). However, UNECE draft proposal ECE/TRANS/WP.15/AC.1/HAR/2009/1 has been circulated to UN delegates and, if implemented, would amend current regulations thus allowing for the monohydrate crystal to be shipped under the less-stringent code of UN3474 as a class 4.1 desensitized explosive.
References
Peptide
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riva%20Aquarama
|
The Riva Aquarama is a luxury wooden runabout built by Italian yachtbuilder Riva. Production of it and its derivatives (the Lungo, Super, and Special) ran from 1962 until 1996. The hull was based on the Riva Tritone, an earlier model speedboat by Riva, which in turn was inspired by the American mahogany Chris-Craft runabouts. The boat's speed, beauty, and craftsmanship earned it praise as the Ferrari of the boat world. The company was founded by Pietro Riva in 1842, and run by Carlo Riva through its 1969 sale to the American Whittaker Corporation.
Description
The most famous of Carlo Riva's designs, the Aquarama has gained over the decades a legendary nautical reputation. Its evocative name, derived in part from the widescreen Cinerama movie format popular in the early 1960s, echoed in its sweeping wrap-around windshield, conjures images from another time.
The Riva Aquarama's 8.02 - 8.78 metre hull was sheathed in mahogany and varnished to accentuate the beauty of its natural wood grain. All versions were twin engined, with top speeds of 45/50 knots depending on engine choice. Power varied from 185 hp to 400 hp per engine, delivered by Riva 'tuned' Cadillac and Chrysler models, among others. On top of the engine compartment was a cushioned sundeck. The boats also carried a convertible roof which retracted behind the rear seat and cockpit. A swim ladder was often mounted in the stern.
Model variants: 1960s and 1970s
Aquarama (1962–1972) Total built 281
Aquarama Lungo (
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll%20Remember%20April
|
I'll Remember April may refer to:
"I'll Remember April" (song), a 1942 popular song by Gene de Paul, lyrics by Patricia Johnston and Don Raye
I'll Remember April (1945 film), starring Gloria Jean
I'll Remember April (1999 film), a 1999 film by director Bob Clark
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll%20Remember%20April%20%28song%29
|
"I'll Remember April" is a popular song and jazz standard with music written in 1941 by Gene de Paul, and lyrics by Patricia Johnston and Don Raye. It made its debut in the 1942 Abbott and Costello comedy Ride 'Em Cowboy, being sung by Dick Foran. The lyric uses the seasons of the year metaphorically to illustrate the growth and death of a romance. The lyric also uses the ideas of the hours in a day and the flames of a fire to illustrate a relationship growing stronger and subsequently losing strength. Another interpretation is the use of spring (the month of April) to express the loves that were had in youth and remember them when the autumn of life arrives with affection and nostalgia, smiling: "I'll remember April and I smile". The song has been described as one which makes use of nostalgia.
The song is performed, along with several others, in the 1945 film "I'll Remember April", a musical comedy-drama. In that movie, it is sung by Kirby Grant and Gloria Jean. A number of artists have covered the song as listed below. One of the most notable live renditions of it is a radio performance by Judy Garland, on a broadcast of Lux Radio Theatre.
'I'll Remember April' can be found in the Real Book tacit vol 1. It also appears as background music in the Adam-12 episode "Something Worth Dying For", in which Officer Reed (played by Kent McCord) is given the Medal of Valor.
Notable recordings
Cannonball Adderley for his album Cannonball's Sharpshooters (1957)
Chet Baker - for the
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duggan%E2%80%93Schwartz%20theorem
|
The Duggan–Schwartz theorem (named after John Duggan and Thomas Schwartz) is a result about voting systems designed to choose a nonempty set of winners from the preferences of certain individuals, where each individual ranks all candidates in order of preference. It states that for three or more candidates, at least one of the following must hold:
The system is not anonymous (some voters are treated differently from others).
The system is imposed (some candidates can never win).
Every voter's top preference is in the set of winners.
The system can be manipulated by either an optimistic voter, one who can cast a ballot that would elect some candidate to a higher rank than all of those candidates who would have been elected if that voter had voted honestly; or by a pessimistic voter, one who can cast a ballot that would exclude some candidate to a lower rank than all of those candidates who were elected due that voter voting strategically.
The first two conditions are considered forbidden in any fair election, and the third condition requires many candidates to "tie" for the win. The general conclusion, then, is the same as that usually given to the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem: voting systems can be manipulated. The result essentially holds even if ties are allowed in the ballots; in that case, there exists at least one "weak dictator" such that at least one of the candidates tied at the top of that voter's ballot is a winner.
The Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem is a similar
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal%20curve%20equivalent
|
In educational statistics, a normal curve equivalent (NCE), developed for the United States Department of Education by the RMC Research Corporation, is a way of normalizing scores received on a test into a 0-100 scale similar to a percentile rank, but preserving the valuable equal-interval properties of a z-score.
It is defined as:
70770 + /qnorm(.99) × z
or, approximately
50 + 21.063 × z,
where z is the standard score or "z-score", i.e. z is how many standard deviations above the mean the raw score is (z is negative if the raw score is below the mean). The reason for the choice of the number 21.06 is to bring about the following result: If the scores are normally distributed (i.e. they follow the "bell-shaped curve") then
the normal equivalent score is 99 if the percentile rank of the raw score is 99;
the normal equivalent score is 50 if the percentile rank of the raw score is 50;
the normal equivalent score is 1 if the percentile rank of the raw score is 1.
This relationship between normal equivalent scores and percentile ranks does not hold at values other than 1, 50, and 99. It also fails to hold in general if scores are not normally distributed.
The number 21.06 was chosen because
It is desired that a score of 99 correspond to the 99th percentile;
The 99th percentile in a normal distribution is 2.3263 standard deviations above the mean;
99 is 49 more than 50—thus 49 points above the mean;
49/2.3263 = 21.06.
Normal curve equivalents are on an equal-int
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Rosenbaum
|
Joel Rosenbaum (born October 4, 1933) is a professor of cell biology at Yale University.
Rosenbaum received his bachelor's degree from Syracuse University in 1955, and later his M.Sc. Ed. from St. Lawrence University in 1957. He returned later to Syracuse for his master's degree in 1959 and Ph.D. in 1963.
His lab at Yale studies cilia and flagella, small tail-like organelles, using the model species Chlamydomonas, a single-cell alga. The lab is best known for its discovery of intraflagellar transport, a vital molecular process now linked to many human diseases, in 1993. Rosenbaum has continued to pursue intraflagellar transport as his main research interest.
Rosenbaum received the E.B. Wilson Medal from the ASCB in 2006, the highest award given in the field of cell biology.
References
External links
"Joel Rosenbaum," member profile from the American Society for Cell Biology website. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
21st-century American biologists
Yale University faculty
Syracuse University alumni
Living people
1933 births
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-Phase%20Systems
|
Four-Phase Systems was a computer company, founded by Lee Boysel and others, which built one of the earliest computers using semiconductor main memory and MOS LSI logic. The company was incorporated in February 1969 and had moderate commercial success. It was acquired by Motorola in 1981.
History
The idea behind Four-Phase Systems began when Boysel was designing MOS components at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1967. Boysel wrote a manifesto explaining how a computer could be built from a small number of MOS chips. Fairchild made Boysel head of a MOS design group, which he used to design parts satisfying the requirements of his putative computer. After doing this, Boysel left to start Four-Phase in October 1968, initially with two other engineers from his Fairchild group as well as others. Boysel was not sued by Fairchild, perhaps because of chaos caused by a change in Fairchild management at that time. When the company was incorporated in February 1969, he was joined by other engineers from the Fairchild group. Robert Noyce, co-founder of Intel, was an early board member.
Boysel arranged for chips to be fabricated by Cartesian, a wafer-processing company founded by another engineer from Fairchild. Four-Phase showed its system at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in 1970. By June 1971, Four-Phase IV/70 computers were in use at four different customers, and by March 1973, they had shipped 347 systems to 131 customers. The company enjoyed a substantial level of success
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20in%20Winnipeg
|
Transport in Winnipeg involves various transportation systems, including both private and public services, and modes of transport in the capital city of Manitoba.
According to Statistics Canada, in 2011, the dominant form of travel in Winnipeg was by car as a driver (69%), followed by commute trips using public transit (15%), as a car passenger (7%), walking (6%), bicycle (2%), and other modes (1%).
In the province of Manitoba, transportation is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, representing almost half of the personal emissions for households. As such, the City of Winnipeg government aims for its residents to ultimately adopt sustainable transport methods—i.e., walking, cycling, and public transit—as their preferred choice of transportation.
Transportation structures within the city are the responsibility of the Winnipeg government's Public Works Department. More generally, transportation in Manitoba is regulated by The Driver and Vehicles Act and The Highway Traffic Act. Moreover, insurance is mandatory in the province, and is made available via Manitoba Public Insurance and Autopac brokers.
Pre-incorporation
For thousands of years, the region's Indigenous peoples used various networks of rivers across what is now known as the province of Manitoba.
Situated at the confluence of the Red and the Assiniboine rivers in what is now downtown Winnipeg, The Forks became an early meeting place for the purpose of trade and would prove to be the most important
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20Coast%20Guard%20environmental%20protection
|
Marine environmental protection is one of the eleven missions of the United States Coast Guard (USCG).
Protecting the delicate ecosystem of oceans is a vital Coast Guard mission. The Coast Guard works with a variety of groups and organizations to ensure the livelihood of endangered marine species.
Through the Marine Environmental Protection program (MEP), the Coast Guard develops and enforces regulations to avert the introduction of invasive species into the maritime environment, stop unauthorized ocean dumping, and prevent oil and chemical spills.
There are five areas of emphasis for MEPs mission. These areas cover virtually every aspect of oil and chemical response, and provide the goals and objectives for Coast Guard initiatives.
The five areas are:
Prevention
To stop pollution before it occurs, with:
Training
Equipment
Procedures
Enforcement
To provide civil and criminal penalties for illegal acts
Surveillance
To protect the marine environment by conducting:
Pollution overflights
Vessel boardings
Harbor patrols
Transfer monitoring
Facility inspections
Response
Cleanup and impact limitation of an oil or chemical discharge
In-house abatement
Ensure that Coast Guard vessels and facilities comply with federal pollution laws and regulations
References
External links
United States Coast Guard
Ocean pollution
Environmental protection agencies
Environmental agencies in the United States
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Fab
|
The X-FAB Silicon Foundries is a group of semiconductor foundries. The group specializes in the fabrication of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for fabless semiconductor companies, as well as MEMS and solutions for high voltage applications. The holding company named "X-FAB Silicon Foundries SE" is based in Tessenderlo, Belgium while its headquarters is located in Erfurt, Germany.
History
As a result of the German reunification in the 1990s, came to the dismantling of the old electronics conglomerate in East Germany named Kombinat Mikroelektronik Erfurt. The conglomerate was privatized in 1992 and divided into X-FAB Gesellschaft zur Fertigung von Wafern mbH (simply known as X-Fab) and the Thesys Gesellschaft für Mikroelektronik mbH (simply known as Thesys). X-Fab would be majority owned by the company while Thesys would be majority owned by the German state of Thuringia.
In 1999, X-Fab acquired a foundry from Texas Instruments in Lubbock, Texas, USA. In the same year, X-Fab (at this time owned by Belgian holding company named Elex N.V) acquired Thesys and disposed of its non-foundry business.
In 2002, X-Fab acquired Zarlink wafer plant in Plymouth, United Kingdom.
In 2006, X-Fab merged with 1st Silicon, a semiconductor fabrication plant located in Sarawak, Malaysia. The Sarawak government acquired 35% of X-Fab shares in the merger.
In 2007, X-Fab acquired the foundry business from ZMD, thus enabling ZMD to focus on its core business of design and developing
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesics%20as%20Hamiltonian%20flows
|
In mathematics, the geodesic equations are second-order non-linear differential equations, and are commonly presented in the form of Euler–Lagrange equations of motion. However, they can also be presented as a set of coupled first-order equations, in the form of Hamilton's equations. This latter formulation is developed in this article.
Overview
It is frequently said that geodesics are "straight lines in curved space". By using the Hamilton–Jacobi approach to the geodesic equation, this statement can be given a very intuitive meaning: geodesics describe the motions of particles that are not experiencing any forces. In flat space, it is well known that a particle moving in a straight line will continue to move in a straight line if it experiences no external forces; this is Newton's first law. The Hamiltonian describing such motion is well known to be with p being the momentum. It is the conservation of momentum that leads to the straight motion of a particle. On a curved surface, exactly the same ideas are at play, except that, in order to measure distances correctly, one must use the Riemannian metric. To measure momenta correctly, one must use the inverse of the metric. The motion of a free particle on a curved surface still has exactly the same form as above, i.e. consisting entirely of a kinetic term. The resulting motion is still, in a sense, a "straight line", which is why it is sometimes said that geodesics are "straight lines in curved space". This idea is developed
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix%20bundle
|
A helix bundle is a small protein fold composed of several alpha helices that are usually nearly parallel or antiparallel to each other.
Three-helix bundles
Three-helix bundles are among the smallest and fastest known cooperatively folding structural domains. The three-helix bundle in the villin headpiece domain is only 36 amino acids long and is a common subject of study in molecular dynamics simulations because its microsecond-scale folding time is within the timescales accessible to simulation. The 40-residue HIV accessory protein has a very similar fold and has also been the subject of extensive study. There is no general sequence motif associated with three-helix bundles, so they cannot necessarily be predicted from sequence alone. Three-helix bundles often occur in actin-binding proteins and in DNA-binding proteins.
Four-helix bundles
Four-helix bundles typically consist of four helices packed in a coiled-coil arrangement with a sterically close-packed hydrophobic core in the center. Pairs of adjacent helices are often additionally stabilized by salt bridges between charged amino acids. The helix axes typically are oriented about 20 degrees from their neighboring helices, a much shallower incline than in the larger helical structure of the globin fold.
The specific topology of the helices is dependent on the protein – helices that are adjacent in sequence are often antiparallel, although it is also possible to arrange antiparallel links between two pairs of parallel
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villin-1
|
Villin-1 is a 92.5 kDa tissue-specific actin-binding protein associated with the actin core bundle of the brush border. Villin-1 is encoded by the VIL1 gene. Villin-1 contains multiple gelsolin-like domains capped by a small (8.5 kDa) "headpiece" at the C-terminus consisting of a fast and independently folding three-helix bundle that is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. The headpiece domain is a commonly studied protein in molecular dynamics due to its small size and fast folding kinetics and short primary sequence.
Structure
Villin-1 is made up of seven domains, six homologous domains make up the N-terminal core and the remaining domain makes up the C-terminal cap. Villin contains three phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2) binding sites, one of which is located at the head piece and the other two in the core. The core domain is approximately 150 amino acid residues grouped in six repeats. On this core is an 87 residue, hydrophobic, C-terminal headpiece
The headpiece (HP67) is made up of a compact, 70 amino acid folded protein at the C-terminus. This headpiece contains an F-actin binding domain. Residues K38, E39, K65, 70-73:KKEK, G74, L75 and F76 surround a hydrophobic core and are believed to be involved in the binding of F-actin to villin-1. Residues E39 and K70 form a salt bridge buried within the headpiece which serves to connect N and C terminals. This salt bridge may also orient and fix the C-terminal residues involved in F-actin binding as in the
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rop%20protein
|
Rop (also known as repressor of primer, or as RNA one modulator (ROM)) is a small dimeric protein responsible for keeping the copy number of ColE1 family and related bacterial plasmids low in E. coli by increasing the speed of pairing between the preprimer RNA, RNA II, and its antisense RNA, RNA I. Structurally, Rop is a homodimeric four-helix bundle protein formed by the antiparallel interaction of two helix-turn-helix monomers. The Rop protein's structure has been solved to high resolution. Due to its small size and known structure, Rop has been used in protein design work to rearrange its helical topology and reengineer its loop regions. In general, the four-helix bundle has been extensively used in de novo protein design work as a simple model to understand the relationship between amino acid sequence and structure.
External links
Rop protein from Proteopedia
References
Proteins
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Sears%20McCulloh
|
Richard Sears McCulloh (18 March 1818 – 1894) was an American civil engineer and professor of mechanics and thermodynamics at the Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.
Career
McCulloh was born on 18 March 1818 in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
He graduated from the College of New Jersey in 1836, then studied chemistry in Philadelphia with James Curtis Booth from 1838 to 1839.
From 1846 to 1849 he worked for the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia.
He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1846. McCulloh was appointed professor of natural philosophy at Princeton University on 24 October 1849, and then professor of natural and experimental philosophy at Columbia College on 3 April 1854.
During the American Civil War, McCulloh disappeared from New York after the draft riots and in October 1863 McCulloh went to Richmond, Virginia to become the consulting chemist of the Confederate Nitre and Mining Bureau.
In response, Columbia College expelled him from his professorship.
While in Richmond, he helped "the Confederacy in making a chemical weapon".
His experiments in creating a lethal gas were proved successful in February 1865, but before the weapon could be used in practice Richmond fell in April 1865. McCulloh fled the city but was captured two months later off the coast of Florida, and for almost two years was imprisoned in the Virginia State Penitentiary.
After being released, in 1866 McCulloh was appointed to the new "McCormick Professorship of Exper
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF%20receptor%20superfamily
|
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) is a protein superfamily of cytokine receptors characterized by the ability to bind tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) via an extracellular cysteine-rich domain. With the exception of nerve growth factor (NGF), all TNFs are homologous to the archetypal TNF-alpha. In their active form, the majority of TNF receptors form trimeric complexes in the plasma membrane. Accordingly, most TNF receptors contain transmembrane domains (TMDs), although some can be cleaved into soluble forms (e.g. TNFR1), and some lack a TMD entirely (e.g. DcR3). In addition, most TNF receptors require specific adaptor protein such as TRADD, TRAF, RIP and FADD for downstream signalling. TNF receptors are primarily involved in apoptosis and inflammation, but they can also take part in other signal transduction pathways, such as proliferation, survival, and differentiation. TNF receptors are expressed in a wide variety of tissues in mammals, especially in leukocytes.
The term death receptor refers to those members of the TNF receptor superfamily that contain a death domain, such as TNFR1, Fas receptor, DR4 and DR5. They were named after the fact that they seemed to play an important role in apoptosis (programmed cell death), although they are now known to play other roles as well.
In the strict sense, the term TNF receptor is often used to refer to the archetypal members of the superfamily, namely TNFR1 and TNFR2, which recognize TNF-alpha.
Members
There a
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Pinsky
|
Mark A. Pinsky (15 July 1940 – 8 December 2016) was Professor of Mathematics at Northwestern University. His research areas included probability theory, mathematical analysis, Fourier Analysis and wavelets. Pinsky earned his Ph.D at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
His published works include 125 research papers and ten books, including several conference proceedings and textbooks. His 2002 book, Introduction to Fourier Analysis and Wavelets, has been translated into Spanish.
Biography
Pinsky was at Northwestern beginning in 1968, following a two-year postdoctoral position at Stanford. He completed the Ph.D. at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966, under the direction of Henry McKean and became Full Professor in 1976. He was married to the artist Joanna Pinsky since 1963; they have three children, Seth, Jonathan and Lea, and four grandchildren, Nathan, Jason, Justin and Jasper.
Academic memberships and services
Pinsky was a member of the American Mathematical Society (AMS), a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Mathematical Association of America, and has provided services for Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI), most recently as Consulting Editor for the AMS. He served on the Executive Committee of MSRI for the period 1996–2000.
Pinsky was an invited speaker at the meeting to honor Stanley Zietz in Philadelphia at University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, on 20 March 2008.
Pinsky was a Fellow of the Institute of Mat
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departure%20function
|
In thermodynamics, a departure function is defined for any thermodynamic property as the difference between the property as computed for an ideal gas and the property of the species as it exists in the real world, for a specified temperature T and pressure P. Common departure functions include those for enthalpy, entropy, and internal energy.
Departure functions are used to calculate real fluid extensive properties (i.e. properties which are computed as a difference between two states). A departure function gives the difference between the real state, at a finite volume or non-zero pressure and temperature, and the ideal state, usually at zero pressure or infinite volume and temperature.
For example, to evaluate enthalpy change between two points h(v1,T1) and h(v2,T2) we first compute the enthalpy departure function between volume v1 and infinite volume at T = T1, then add to that the ideal gas enthalpy change due to the temperature change from T1 to T2, then subtract the departure function value between v2 and infinite volume.
Departure functions are computed by integrating a function which depends on an equation of state and its derivative.
General expressions
General expressions for the enthalpy H, entropy S and Gibbs free energy G are given by
Departure functions for Peng–Robinson equation of state
The Peng–Robinson equation of state relates the three interdependent state properties pressure P, temperature T, and molar volume Vm. From the state properties (P, V
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis%20trading
|
Basis trading is a financial trading strategy which consists of the purchase of a particular financial instrument or commodity and the sale of its related derivative (for example the purchase of a particular bond and the sale of a related futures contract).
Basis trading is done when the investor feels that the two instruments are mispriced relative to one other and that the mispricing will correct itself so that the gain on one side of the trade will more than cancel out the loss on the other side of the trade. In the case of such a trade taking place on a security and its related futures contract, the trade will be profitable if the purchase price plus the net cost of carry is less than the futures price.
Basis of futures
Basis can be defined as the difference between the spot price of a given cash market asset and the price of its related futures contract. There will be a different basis for each delivery month for each contract. Usually, basis is defined as cash price minus futures price, however, the alternative definition, future price minus cash, is also used. A basis trade profits from the closing of an unwarranted gap between the futures contract and the associated cash market instrument.
See also
Basis swap
References
Derivatives (finance)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBD1
|
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBD1 gene. The protein encoded by MBD1 binds to methylated sequences in DNA, and thereby influences transcription. It binds to a variety of methylated sequences, and appears to mediate repression of gene expression. It has been shown to play a role in chromatin modification through interaction with the histone H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB1. H3K9me3 is a repressive modification.
Function
DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 comprise a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MECP2, MBD1 and MBD2 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. Five transcript variants of the MBD1 are generated by alternative splicing resulting in protein isoforms that contain one MBD domain, two to three cysteine-rich (CXXC) domains, and some differences in the COOH terminus. All five transcript variants repress transcription from methylated promoters; in addition, variants with three CXXC domains also repress unmethylated promoter activity. MBD1 and MBD2 map very close to each other on chromosome 18q21.
Interactions
MBD1 has been shown to interact with ATF7IP, CBX5, CHAF1A and SUV39H1.
References
Fu
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faug%C3%A8re%27s%20F4%20and%20F5%20algorithms
|
In computer algebra, the Faugère F4 algorithm, by Jean-Charles Faugère, computes the Gröbner basis of an ideal of a multivariate polynomial ring. The algorithm uses the same mathematical principles as the Buchberger algorithm, but computes many normal forms in one go by forming a generally sparse matrix and using fast linear algebra to do the reductions in parallel.
The Faugère F5 algorithm first calculates the Gröbner basis of a pair of generator polynomials of the ideal. Then it uses this basis to reduce the size of the initial matrices of generators for the next larger basis:
If Gprev is an already computed Gröbner basis (f2, …, fm) and we want to compute a Gröbner basis of (f1) + Gprev then we will construct matrices whose rows are m f1 such that m is a monomial not divisible by the leading term of an element of Gprev.
This strategy allows the algorithm to apply two new criteria based on what Faugère calls signatures of polynomials. Thanks to these criteria, the algorithm can compute Gröbner bases for a large class of interesting polynomial systems, called regular sequences, without ever simplifying a single polynomial to zero—the most time-consuming operation in algorithms that compute Gröbner bases. It is also very effective for a large number of non-regular sequences.
Implementations
The Faugère F4 algorithm is implemented
in FGb, Faugère's own implementation, which includes interfaces for using it from C/C++ or Maple,
in Maple computer algebra system, as th
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elongation%20factor
|
Elongation factors are a set of proteins that function at the ribosome, during protein synthesis, to facilitate translational elongation from the formation of the first to the last peptide bond of a growing polypeptide. Most common elongation factors in prokaryotes are EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G. Bacteria and eukaryotes use elongation factors that are largely homologous to each other, but with distinct structures and different research nomenclatures.
Elongation is the most rapid step in translation. In bacteria, it proceeds at a rate of 15 to 20 amino acids added per second (about 45-60 nucleotides per second). In eukaryotes the rate is about two amino acids per second (about 6 nucleotides read per second). Elongation factors play a role in orchestrating the events of this process, and in ensuring the high accuracy translation at these speeds.
Nomenclature of homologous EFs
In addition to their cytoplasmic machinery, eukaryotic mitochondria and plastids have their own translation machinery, each with their own set of bacterial-type elongation factors. In humans, they include TUFM, TSFM, GFM1, GFM2, GUF1; the nominal release factor MTRFR may also play a role in elongation.
In bacteria, selenocysteinyl-tRNA requires a special elongation factor SelB () related to EF-Tu. A few homologs are also found in archaea, but the functions are unknown.
As a target
Elongation factors are targets for the toxins of some pathogens. For instance, Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces diphtheria to
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APCC
|
APCC may refer to:
American Potash and Chemical Company, American chemical manufacturer
Anaphase-promoting complex (sometimes abbreviated as APC/C), an enzyme that regulates the spindle checkpoint
APCC, former Nasdaq symbol for APC by Schneider Electric, an American manufacturer
APEC Climate Center, the Climate Centre for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia Pop Comic Convention, an annual comic book fan convention in Metro Manila, Philippines
Asian and Pacific Coconut Community, an intergovernmental organization of coconut producing nations
Assam Pradesh Congress Committee, a branch of the Indian National Congress political party in Assam, India
Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee, a branch of the Indian National Congress political party in Andhra Pradesh, India
Association of Police and Crime Commissioners, a group of elected officials in England and Wales
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubert%20Stryer
|
Lubert Stryer (born March 2, 1938, in Tianjin, China) is the Emeritus Mrs. George A. Winzer Professor of Cell Biology, at Stanford University School of Medicine. His research over more than four decades has been centered on the interplay of light and life. In 2007 he received the National Medal of Science from President Bush at a ceremony at the White House for elucidating the biochemical basis of signal amplification in vision, pioneering the development of high density microarrays for genetic analysis, and authoring the standard undergraduate biochemistry textbook, Biochemistry. It is now in its ninth edition and also edited by Jeremy Berg, John L. Tymoczko and Gregory J. Gatto, Jr.
Stryer received his B.S. degree from the University of Chicago in 1957 and his M.D. degree from Harvard Medical School. He was a Helen Hay Whitney Research Fellow in the department of physics at Harvard and then at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England, before joining the faculty of the department of biochemistry at Stanford in 1963. In 1969 he moved to Yale to become Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, and in 1976, he returned to Stanford to head a new Department of Structural Biology.
Research profile
Stryer and coworkers pioneered the use of fluorescence spectroscopy, particularly Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), to monitor the structure and dynamics of biological macromolecules. In 1967, Stryer and Haugland showed that the efficiency of ener
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin%20equation
|
The Kelvin equation describes the change in vapour pressure due to a curved liquid–vapor interface, such as the surface of a droplet. The vapor pressure at a convex curved surface is higher than that at a flat surface. The Kelvin equation is dependent upon thermodynamic principles and does not allude to special properties of materials. It is also used for determination of pore size distribution of a porous medium using adsorption porosimetry. The equation is named in honor of William Thomson, also known as Lord Kelvin.
Formulation
The original form of the Kelvin equation, published in 1871, is:
where:
= vapor pressure at a curved interface of radius
= vapor pressure at flat interface () =
= surface tension
= density of vapor
= density of liquid
, = radii of curvature along the principal sections of the curved interface.
This may be written in the following form, known as the Ostwald–Freundlich equation:
where is the actual vapour pressure,
is the saturated vapour pressure when the surface is flat,
is the liquid/vapor surface tension, is the molar volume of the liquid, is the universal gas constant, is the radius of the droplet, and is temperature.
Equilibrium vapor pressure depends on droplet size.
If the curvature is convex, is positive, then
If the curvature is concave, is negative, then
As increases, decreases towards , and the droplets grow into bulk liquid.
If the vapour is cooled, then decreases, but so does . This means increases a
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIMACO
|
AIMACO is an acronym for AIr MAterial COmpiler. It began around 1959 as the definition of a high level programming language influenced by the FLOW-MATIC language, developed by UNIVAC, and the COMTRAN (COMmercial TRANslator) programming language, developed by IBM. AIMACO, along with FLOW-MATIC and COMTRAN, were precursors to the COBOL programming language and influenced its development.
A committee chaired by a representative of AMC (the Air Material Command, predecessor to the Air Force Materiel Command) and composed of industry representatives from IBM and United States Steel, as well as members of AMC Programming Services, developed the draft AIMACO language definition. Even though the word "compiler" was part of its name, no compiler was ever written for it; although at least two were specified or designed.
The original intention of AMC was that all programming for AMC systems worldwide would be written in AIMACO and compiled on a UNIVAC in AMC headquarters at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. This would be for software whether it was intended to operate on UNIVAC or IBM computers. An alternative compiler was designed by AMC Programming Services persons to compile systems on IBM computers for operation on IBM computers.
References
Computer languages
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20packaging
|
Electronic packaging is the design and production of enclosures for electronic devices ranging from individual semiconductor devices up to complete systems such as a mainframe computer. Packaging of an electronic system must consider protection from mechanical damage, cooling, radio frequency noise emission and electrostatic discharge. Product safety standards may dictate particular features of a consumer product, for example, external case temperature or grounding of exposed metal parts. Prototypes and industrial equipment made in small quantities may use standardized commercially available enclosures such as card cages or prefabricated boxes. Mass-market consumer devices may have highly specialized packaging to increase consumer appeal. Electronic packaging is a major discipline within the field of mechanical engineering.
Design
Electronic packaging can be organized by levels:
Level 0 - "Chip", protecting a bare semiconductor die from contamination and damage.
Level 1 - Component, such as semiconductor package design and the packaging of other discrete components.
Level 2 - Etched wiring board (printed circuit board).
Level 3 - Assembly, one or more wiring boards and associated components.
Level 4 - Module, assemblies integrated in an overall enclosure.
Level 5 - System, a set of modules combined for some purpose.
The same electronic system may be packaged as a portable device or adapted for fixed mounting in an instrument rack or permanent installation. Packaging
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20hairpin
|
The beta hairpin (sometimes also called beta-ribbon or beta-beta unit) is a simple protein structural motif involving two beta strands that look like a hairpin. The motif consists of two strands that are adjacent in primary structure, oriented in an antiparallel direction (the N-terminus of one sheet is adjacent to the C-terminus of the next), and linked by a short loop of two to five amino acids. Beta hairpins can occur in isolation or as part of a series of hydrogen bonded strands that collectively comprise a beta sheet.
Researchers such as Francisco Blanco et al. have used protein NMR to show that beta-hairpins can be formed from isolated short peptides in aqueous solution, suggesting that hairpins could form nucleation sites for protein folding.
Classification
Beta hairpins were originally categorized solely by the number of amino acid residues in their loop sequences, such that they were named one-residue, two-residue, etc. This system, however, is somewhat ambiguous as it does not take into account whether the residues that signal the end of the hairpin are singly or doubly hydrogen bonded to one another. An improved means of classification has since been proposed by Milner-White and Poet. Beta hairpins are broken into four distinct classes as depicted in the publication's Figure 1. Each class begins with the smallest possible number of loop residues and progressively increases the loop size by removing hydrogen bonds in the beta sheet. The primary hairpin of class 1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bais%20%28Rajput%20clan%29
|
The Bais () is a Rajput clan from India.
History
Their wealth caused Donald Butter, a visiting doctor who wrote Outlines of the Topography and Statistics of the Southern Districts of Oudh, and of the Cantonment of Sultanpur-Oudh, to describe the Bais Rajput in the 1830s as the "best dressed and housed people of the southern Oudh".
The Bais Rajputs were known for well-building.
See also
Baiswara
Rajput clans
References
Rajput clans of Uttar Pradesh
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferable%20belief%20model
|
The transferable belief model (TBM) is an elaboration on the Dempster–Shafer theory (DST), which is a mathematical model used to evaluate the probability that a given proposition is true from other propositions that are assigned probabilities. It was developed by Philippe Smets who proposed his approach as a response to Zadeh’s example against Dempster's rule of combination. In contrast to the original DST the TBM propagates the open-world assumption that relaxes the assumption that all possible outcomes are known. Under the open world assumption Dempster's rule of combination is adapted such that there is no normalization. The underlying idea is that the probability mass pertaining to the empty set is taken to indicate an unexpected outcome, e.g. the belief in a hypothesis outside the frame of discernment. This adaptation violates the probabilistic character of the original DST and also Bayesian inference. Therefore, the authors substituted notation such as probability masses and probability update with terms such as degrees of belief and transfer giving rise to the name of the method: The transferable belief model.
Zadeh’s example in TBM context
Lofti Zadeh describes an information fusion problem. A patient has an illness that can be caused by three different factors A, B or C. Doctor 1 says that the patient's illness is very likely to be caused by A (very likely, meaning probability p = 0.95), but B is also possible but not likely (p = 0.05). Doctor 2 says that the cause
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommerfeld%20radiation%20condition
|
In applied mathematics, and theoretical physics the Sommerfeld radiation condition is a concept from theory of differential equations and scattering theory used for choosing a particular solution to the Helmholtz equation. It was introduced by Arnold Sommerfeld in 1912
and is closely related to the limiting absorption principle (1905) and the limiting amplitude principle (1948).
The boundary condition established by the principle essentially chooses a solution of some wave equations which only radiates outwards from known sources. It, instead, of allowing arbitrary inbound waves from the infinity propagating in instead detracts from them.
The theorem most underpinned by the condition only holds true in three spatial dimensions. In two it breaks down because wave motion doesn't retain its power as one over radius squared. On the other hand, in spatial dimensions four and above, power in wave motion falls off much faster in distance.
Formulation
Arnold Sommerfeld defined the condition of radiation for a scalar field satisfying the Helmholtz equation as
"the sources must be sources, not sinks of energy. The energy which is radiated from the sources must scatter to infinity; no energy may be radiated from infinity into ... the field."
Mathematically, consider the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation
where is the dimension of the space, is a given function with compact support representing a bounded source of energy, and is a constant, called the wavenumber. A solution to
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krause
|
Krause (German for ruffle) is a common German surname.
Geographical distribution
As of 2014, 64.9% of all known bearers of the surname Krause were residents of Germany (frequency 1:531), 20.6% of the United States (1:7,541), 3.5% of Brazil (1:24,831), 2.4% of South Africa (1:9,550), 2.1% of Poland (1:7,891), 1.4% of Canada (1:11,446) and 1.2% of Australia (1:8,488).
In Germany, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:531) in the following states:
1. Brandenburg (1:204)
2. Saxony-Anhalt (1:240)
3. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1:250)
4. Berlin (1:279)
5. Saxony (1:305)
6. Schleswig-Holstein (1:345)
7. Thuringia (1:388)
8. Lower Saxony (1:448)
9. Bremen (1:464)
10. Hamburg (1:506)
People
Alan Krause, a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne
Albert A. Krause, (1841–1913), US Civil War Veteran, City Engineer of Buffalo NY, brother of Aurel Krause, great grandfather of Tory Bruno
Allison Krause (1951–1970), a student at Kent State University, Ohio who was shot and killed by the Ohio National Guard
Arnulf Krause (born 1955), a German philologist
Asuman Krause, a German-born former model and singer of mixed Turkish and German descent
Aurel Krause, (1848–1908), a German geographer known today for his early ethnography of the Tlingit Indians of southeast Alaska, brother of Albert Krause and great grand uncle of Tory Bruno
Axel Krause (born 1958), a German painter and graphic artist
Barbara Krause (born 1959), a former freestyle swi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted%20reviewing
|
Computer-assisted reviewing (CAR) tools are pieces of software based on text-comparison and analysis algorithms. These tools focus on the differences between two documents, taking into account each document's typeface through an intelligent analysis.
Detecting differences
The intelligent analysis used by CAR tools detect the differences do not have the same value depending on their type and/or the document field/subject. For example, a difference on a number is not the same if this number is a date, a price, a page number, a figure number, a part of an address, a footnote call, a list item number, a title number, etc.
a title number or a list item number difference can be of no interest if these numbers will be re-calculated afterward before printing or publishing by a text processing tool,
a small number difference like "1" to "one" or "1" to "1st" is often of secondary interest, depending on the subject and the field of the document
while some other number differences can be very damageable to the document.
These tools are interesting in various kind of applications:
comparison between a document and an updated/modified version of it. The main goal is then to highlight the modifications made by a third person or a text processing software.
comparison between a document edited two file formats: Word, TXT, PDF, HTML, XML. The main goal is to highlight differences implied by the format modification or the conversion/re-formatter software. Often, simple char encoding con
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEC-RAS
|
HEC-RAS is simulation software used in computational fluid dynamics – specifically, to model the hydraulics of water flow through natural rivers and other channels. Prior to the 2016 update to Version 5.0, the program was one-dimensional, meaning that there is no direct modeling of the hydraulic effect of cross section shape changes, bends, and other two- and three-dimensional aspects of flow. The release of Version 5.0 introduced two-dimensional modeling of flow as well as sediment transfer modeling capabilities. The program was developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in order to manage the rivers, harbors, and other public works under their jurisdiction; it has found wide acceptance by many others since its public release in 1995.
The Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) in Davis, California, developed the River Analysis System (RAS) to aid hydraulic engineers in channel flow analysis and floodplain determination. It includes numerous data entry capabilities, hydraulic analysis components, data storage and management capabilities, and graphing and reporting capabilities.
Functionality
The basic computational procedure of HEC-RAS for steady flow is based on the solution of the one-dimensional energy equation. Energy losses are evaluated by friction and contraction / expansion. The momentum equation may be used in situations where the water surface profile is rapidly varied. These situations include hydraulic jumps, hydraulics of bridges, and evaluating pro
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravindran%20Kannan
|
Ravindran Kannan (; born 12 March 1953, Madras) is a Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research India, where he leads the algorithms research group. He is also the first adjunct faculty of Computer Science and Automation Department of Indian Institute of Science.
Before joining Microsoft, he was the William K. Lanman Jr. Professor of Computer Science and Professor of Applied Mathematics at Yale University. He has also taught at MIT, CMU and IISc. The ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) presented its 2011 Knuth Prize to Ravi Kannan for developing influential algorithmic techniques aimed at solving long-standing computational problems. He also served on the Mathematical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2012 and 2013.
Ravi Kannan did his B.Tech at IIT, Bombay. He received his PhD in 1980 at Cornell University under Leslie Earl Trotter, Jr. His research interests include Algorithms, Theoretical Computer Science and Discrete Mathematics as well as Optimization. His work has mainly focused on efficient algorithms for problems of a mathematical (often geometric) flavor that arise in Computer Science. He has worked on algorithms for integer programming and the geometry of numbers, random walks in n-space, randomized algorithms for linear algebra and learning algorithms for convex sets.
Key contributions
Among his many contributions, two are
Polynomial-time algorithm for approximating the volume of convex bodies
Algorithmic version for
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2QN
|
2QN is a radio station based in Deniliquin, New South Wales, Australia. It broadcasts on the medium wave radio band, at a frequency of 1521 kHz.
2QN combines a 'Hits & Memories' music format with talk radio and news.
The station's breakfast former announcer, Paul Dix, was the longest serving breakfast announcer in Australia at the one station. He had over 50 years experience in radio and has been in Deniliquin since 1961. Paul died in 2013.
The studios were destroyed by fire in 1939.
In the mid-1940s the station was under threat of being relocated to Wangaratta, which caused protests in Deniliquin.
In 1952, the station increased its operating power from 200W to 2000W, along with a change in frequency to .
The station is located in George Street, Deniliquin, in a purpose-built building.
Main programs
Morning Rush with Sean Cullen
Mornings with Neil Mitchell
Country Today – Rural News and interviews with Libby Price
Sportsday
Nights with Denis Walter
References
External links
2QN website
Radio stations in New South Wales
Radio stations established in 1935
Classic hits radio stations in Australia
Ace Radio
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20physiology
|
Cell physiology is the biological study of the activities that take place in a cell to keep it alive. The term physiology refers to normal functions in a living organism. Animal cells, plant cells and microorganism cells show similarities in their functions even though they vary in structure.
General characteristics
There are two types of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes were the first of the two to develop and do not have a self-contained nucleus. Their mechanisms are simpler than later-evolved eukaryotes, which contain a nucleus that envelops the cell's DNA and some organelles.
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes have DNA located in an area called the nucleoid, which is not separated from other parts of the cell by a membrane. There are two domains of prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotes have fewer organelles than eukaryotes. Both have plasma membranes and ribosomes (structures that synthesize proteins and float free in cytoplasm). Two unique characteristics of prokaryotes are fimbriae (finger-like projections on the surface of a cell) and flagella (threadlike structures that aid movement).
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes have a nucleus where DNA is contained. They are usually larger than prokaryotes and contain many more organelles. The nucleus, the feature of a eukaryote that distinguishes it from a prokaryote, contains a nuclear envelope, nucleolus and chromatin. In cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) synthesizes membranes and performs other metabolic activit
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20training
|
Functional training is a classification of exercise which involves training the body for the activities performed in daily life.
Origins
Functional training has its origins in rehabilitation. Physical and occupational therapists and chiropractors often use this approach to retrain patients with movement disorders. Interventions are designed to incorporate task and context specific practice in areas meaningful to each patient, with an overall goal of functional independence. For example, exercises that mimic what patients did at home or work may be included in treatment in order to help them return to their lives or jobs after an injury or surgery. Thus if a patient's job required repeatedly heavy lifting, rehabilitation would be targeted towards heavy lifting, if the patient were a parent of young children, it would be targeted towards moderate lifting and endurance, and if the patient were a marathon runner, training would be targeted towards re-building endurance. However, treatments are designed after careful consideration of the patient's condition, what he or she would like to achieve, and ensuring goals of treatment are realistic and achievable.
Functional training attempts to adapt or develop exercises which allow individuals to perform the activities of daily life more easily and without injuries. While completing a functional training activity, the body consumes more oxygen, 1 liter for about every 5 calories of energy burned when more muscles are used.
In the co
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20Country%20Nights
|
Hot Country Nights is an American television variety show featuring country music and stand-up comedy. It aired on NBC from November 1991 to March 1992.
History and content
Dick Clark and Gene Weed came up with the show's concept after noticing the contemporary success of country music in the mainstream at the beginning of the 1990s. Weed also served as the show's producer and director.
Each episode of Hot Country Nights featured performances by country music singers, with an attempt to focus equally on up-and-coming, existing, and veteran acts. The debut episode on November 24, 1991 featured performances by K. T. Oslin, Alabama, Clint Black, Doug Stone, and Pam Tillis. Debuting in November 1991, the show faltered in the ratings against Murder, She Wrote, America's Funniest Home Videos, and In Living Color. Its twelfth and final episode aired on March 1, 1992. Its slot was replaced in April by the science fiction drama Mann & Machine.
References
External links
NBC original programming
1991 American television series debuts
1992 American television series endings
1990s American variety television series
1990s American music television series
Country music television series
Television series by Dick Clark Productions
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20patch
|
A protein signal patch contains information to send a given protein to the indicated location in the cell. It is made up of amino acid residues that are distant to one another in the primary sequence, but come close to each other in the tertiary structure of the folded protein (see red patch in the diagram). Signal patches, unlike some signal sequences, are not cleaved from the mature protein after sorting. They are very difficult to predict. Nuclear localization signals are often signal patches although signal sequences also exist. They are found on proteins destined for the nucleus and enable their selective transport from the cytosol into the nucleus through the nuclear pore complexes.
See also
protein targeting
signal peptide
Protein targeting
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planar%20Doppler%20velocimetry
|
Planar Doppler Velocimetry (PDV), also referred to as Doppler Global Velocimetry (DGV), determines flow velocity across a plane by measuring the Doppler shift in frequency of light scattered by particles contained in the flow. The Doppler shift, Δfd, is related to the fluid velocity.
The relatively small frequency shift (order 1 GHz) is discriminated using an atomic or molecular vapor filter. This approach is conceptually similar to what is now known as Filtered Rayleigh Scattering (Miles and Lempert, 1990).
Equipment
Up to now, a typical one-component PDV instrument utilizes a pulsed injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser, one or two scientific grade CCD cameras and a molecular iodine filter. The laser is used to illuminate a plane of the flow with narrow spectral linewidth light. The Doppler shifted scattered light is then split into two paths using a beamsplitter and imaged onto the camera(s). In this manner the absolute absorption of scattered light, as it passes through an iodine cell placed in one of the beam paths, is measured at every spatial location within the object plane. For scattering by relatively large (i.e. Mie scattering) particles, this absorption is a function of particle velocity alone. Accurate calibration and image mapping algorithms have been developed with the result that velocity accuracies of ~1–2 m/s are possible. More details concerning the history of PDV, the art of its application and recent advances can be found in comprehensive review article
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobiti%20Kamani
|
Pobiti Kamani (, "planted stones"), tubular concretions formed around "rising methane-bearing fluid plumes", is a desert-like rock phenomenon located on the north west Varna Province border in Bulgaria.
The stone pillars were first described by Russian archaeologist and historian Victor Teplyakov in 1829. In order to be preserved, Pobiti Kamani was designated a natural landmark in the late 1930s.
There are a number of theories regarding the phenomenon's origin. The pioneering hypothesis can be divided roughly into two groups: suggesting an organic or abiotic origin. According to the former, the formations are the result of coral activity (but detail investigation shows no coral), while the latter explains the phenomenon with the prismatic weathering and desertification of the rocks, the formation of sand and limestone concretions, or lower Eocene bubbling reefs.
Based on a petrographic and stable isotope geochemical study and field observations, evidence exists that these structures represent an exceptional record of paleo-hydrocarbon seep system (low magnesium calcite cements are strongly depleted in heavy carbon isotope 13C). The pathways of fluid circulation are recorded as columns set in sands, which columns after recent sand removal produced a desert-like landscape. The dynamic reconstruction of the origin of these structures, the processes of fluid migration and microbial mediation of hydrocarbon oxidation leading to carbonate precipitation have been studied by De B
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotidase
|
A nucleotidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleotide into a nucleoside and a phosphate.
A nucleotide + H2O = a nucleoside + phosphate
For example, it converts adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, and guanosine monophosphate to guanosine.
Nucleotidases have an important function in digestion in that they break down consumed nucleic acids.
They can be divided into two categories, based upon the end that is hydrolyzed:
: 5'-nucleotidase - NT5C, NT5C1A, NT5C1B, NT5C2, NT5C3
: 3'-nucleotidase - NT3
5'-Nucleotidases cleave off the phosphate from the 5' end of the sugar moiety. They can be classified into various kinds depending on their substrate preferences and subcellular localization. Membrane-bound 5'-nucleotidases display specificity toward adenosine monophosphates and are involved predominantly in the salvage of preformed nucleotides and in signal transduction cascades involving purinergic receptors. Soluble 5'-nucleotidases are all known to belong to the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily of enzymes, which are two domain proteins characterised by a modified Rossman fold as the core and variable cap or hood. The soluble forms are further subclassified based on the criterion mentioned above. mdN and cdN are mitochondrial and cytosolic 5'-3'-pyrimidine nucleotidases. cN-I is a cytosolic nucleotidase(cN) characterized by its affinity toward AMP as its substrate. cN-II is identified by its affinity toward either IMP or GMP or both. cN-III is
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20scientific%20priority%20disputes
|
This is a list of priority disputes in science and science-related fields (such as mathematics).
Mathematics
Rule for solving cubic equations: Niccolò Tartaglia, Gerolamo Cardano
Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy: Isaac Newton, Gottfried Leibniz
Physics
Mechanical equivalent of heat: James Prescott Joule, Julius von Mayer
Radio waves: James Clerk Maxwell, Oliver Lodge, Heinrich Hertz, David Edward Hughes
Special relativity priority dispute: Albert Einstein, Henri Poincaré, Hendrik Lorentz
General relativity priority dispute: Albert Einstein, David Hilbert
Chandrasekhar limit: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Edmund Clifton Stoner, Wilhelm Anderson
Eightfold Way: Murray Gell-Mann, Yuval Ne'eman
Accelerating expansion of the universe: High-Z Supernova Search Team, Supernova Cosmology Project.
Astronomy
Controversy over the discovery of Haumea: José Luis Ortiz Moreno et al., Michael E. Brown et al.
Sunspots: Galileo, Christoph Scheiner
Geoheliocentric system: Tycho Brahe, Nicolaus Raimarus Ursus
Galilean moons: Galileo, Simon Marius
Prediction of Neptune: Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams
Chemistry
Oxygen: Joseph Priestley, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
Periodic table: Dmitri Mendeleev, Lothar Meyer
Biology and medicine
Evolution: Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace, Patrick Matthew
Opiate receptor: Candace Pert, Solomon H. Snyder
DNA structure: Francis Crick, James D. Watson, Rosalind Franklin, Erwin Chargaff, Oswald Avery
Lymphatic system: Olo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral%20buoyancy
|
Neutral buoyancy occurs when an object's average density is equal to the density of the fluid in which it is immersed, resulting in the buoyant force balancing the force of gravity that would otherwise cause the object to sink (if the body's density is greater than the density of the fluid in which it is immersed) or rise (if it is less). An object that has neutral buoyancy will neither sink nor rise.
In scuba diving, the ability to maintain neutral buoyancy through controlled breathing, accurate weighting, and management of the buoyancy compensator is an important skill. A scuba diver maintains neutral buoyancy by continuous correction, usually by controlled breathing, as neutral buoyancy is an unstable condition for a compressible object in a liquid.
History
The mathematician Archimedes discovered much of how buoyancy works more than 2000 years ago. In his research, Archimedes discovered that an object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the water displaced by the object. In other words, an inflatable boat that displaces 100 pounds (45 kilograms) of water is supported by the same amount of force. An object that floats in a fluid is known as being positively buoyant. An object that sinks to the bottom is negatively buoyant, while an object that remains in balance at the same level in the fluid is neutrally buoyant. Ways to adjust buoyancy were developed to produce equipment such as the inflatable life jacket, which is filled with gas and helps to reduce a person
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20counting%20%28fallacy%29
|
Double counting is a fallacy in reasoning.
An example of double counting is shown starting with the question: What is the probability of seeing at least one 5 when throwing a pair of dice? An erroneous argument goes as follows: The first die shows a 5 with probability 1/6, and the second die shows a 5 with probability 1/6; therefore, the probability of seeing a 5 on at least one of the dice is 1/6 + 1/6 = 1/3 = 12/36. However, the correct answer is 11/36, because the erroneous argument has double-counted the event where both dice show 5s.
Double counting can be generalized as the fallacy in which, when counting events or occurrences in probability or in other areas, a solution counts events two or more times, resulting in an erroneous number of events or occurrences which is higher than the true result. This results in the calculated sum of probabilities for all possible outcomes to be higher than 100%, which is impossible.
In mathematical terms, the previous example calculated the probability of P(A or B) as P(A)+P(B). However, by the inclusion-exclusion principle, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B), one compensates for double counting by subtracting those objects which were double counted.
Another example is made in the joke where a man explains to his boss why he has to be an hour late to work every day:
8760 (365*24) hours compose one year.
He needs 8 hours sleep daily (365*8) 2920 hours leaving 5840 hours.
He uses an hour and 30 minutes per meal, (1.5*365) or 54
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20culture
|
Viral culture is a laboratory technique in which samples of a virus are placed to different cell lines which the virus being tested for its ability to infect. If the cells show changes, known as cytopathic effects, then the culture is positive.
Traditional viral culture has been generally superseded by shell vial culture, in which the sample is centrifuged onto a single layer of cells and viral growth is measured by antigen detection methods. This greatly reduces the time to detection for slow growing viruses such as cytomegalovirus, for which the method was developed. In addition, the centrifugation step in shell vial culture enhances the sensitivity of this method because after centrifugation, the viral particles of the sample are in close proximity to the cells.
Human and monkey cells are used in both traditional viral culture and shell vial culture.
Human virus types that can be identified by viral culture include adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, varicella zoster virus, measles and mumps. For these, the final identification method is generally by immunofluorescence, with exception of cytomegalovirus and rhinovirus, whose identification in a viral culture are determined by cytopathic effects.
Preliminary research (i.e. not yet peer reviewed at the time of writing, 29 September 2020) exploring the potential suitability of viral culture testing of SARS-CoV-2 ha
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Berry%20%28statistician%29
|
Donald Arthur Berry (born May 26, 1940) is an American statistician and a practitioner and proponent of Bayesian statistics in medical science. He was the chairman of the Department of Biostatistics and Applied Mathematics at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1999-2010, where he played a role in the use of Bayesian methods to develop innovative, adaptive clinical trials. He is best known for the development of statistical theory relating to the design of clinical trials. He is a fellow of the American Statistical Association and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences. He founded Berry Consultants, a statistical consulting group, with Scott Berry in 2000.
Biography
Berry was born in Southbridge, Massachusetts, in 1940, and obtained an A.B. in mathematics from Dartmouth College, before moving to Yale University where he received an M.A. and Ph.D. in statistics. Berry initially "flunked out" of his undergraduate education at Dartmouth and joined the army, being stationed in Panama, but at the request of his Dean he returned to Dartmouth to complete his undergraduate education in mathematics.
References
External links
1940 births
Living people
American statisticians
Bayesian statisticians
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
Duke University faculty
University of Texas faculty
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Dartmouth College alumni
People from Southbridge, Massachusetts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptoid
|
A leptoid is a type of elongated food-conducting cell like phloem in the stems of some mosses, such as the family Polytrichaceae. They surround strands of water-conducting hydroids. They have some structural and developmental similarities to the sieve elements of seedless vascular plants. At maturity they have inclined end cell walls with small pores and degenerate nuclei. The conduction cells of mosses, leptoids and hydroids, appear similar to those of fossil protracheophytes. However they're not thought to represent an intermediate stage in the evolution of plant vascular tissues but to have had an independent evolutionary origin.
See also
Hydroid, a related water-transporting cell analogous the xylem of vascular plants
References
Mosses
Plant physiology
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialyltransferase
|
Sialyltransferases are enzymes that transfer sialic acid to nascent oligosaccharide. Each sialyltransferase is specific for a particular sugar substrate. Sialyltransferases add sialic acid to the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins.
The biosynthesis of disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides involves the action of hundreds of different glycosyltransferases. These enzymes catalyse the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. A classification of glycosyltransferases using nucleotide diphospho-sugar, nucleotide monophospho-sugar and sugar phosphates () and related proteins into distinct sequence based families has been described. This classification is available on the CAZy (CArbohydrate-Active EnZymes) web site. The same three-dimensional fold is expected to occur within each of the families. Because 3-D structures are better conserved than sequences, several of the families defined on the basis of sequence similarities may have similar 3-D structures and therefore form 'clans'.
Sialyltransferases belong to glycosyltransferase family 29 (CAZY GT_29) which comprises enzymes with a number of known activities; sialyltransferase (), beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase (), alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase (), beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (), N-acetyllactosaminide
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi%20value%20analysis
|
Phi value analysis, analysis, or -value analysis is an experimental protein engineering technique for studying the structure of the folding transition state of small protein domains that fold in a two-state manner. The structure of the folding transition state is hard to find using methods such as protein NMR or X-ray crystallography because folding transitions states are mobile and partly unstructured by definition. In -value analysis, the folding kinetics and conformational folding stability of the wild-type protein are compared with those of point mutants to find phi values. These measure the mutant residue's energetic contribution to the folding transition state, which reveals the degree of native structure around the mutated residue in the transition state, by accounting for the relative free energies of the unfolded state, the folded state, and the transition state for the wild-type and mutant proteins.
The protein's residues are mutated one by one to identify residue clusters that are well-ordered in the folded transition state. These residues' interactions can be checked by double-mutant-cycle analysis, in which the single-site mutants' effects are compared to the double mutants'. Most mutations are conservative and replace the original residue with a smaller one (cavity-creating mutations) like alanine, though tyrosine-to-phenylalanine, isoleucine-to-valine and threonine-to-serine mutants can be used too. Chymotrypsin inhibitor, SH3 domains, WW domain, individual
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20C.%20Foster%20State%20Park
|
Stephen C. Foster State Park is a state park located in the Okefenokee Swamp in Charlton County, Georgia. the park offers visitors several ways to explore the swamp's unique ecosystem.
In November 2016, the park was recognized as a Dark Sky park by the International Dark Sky Association.
The park was named after Stephen Foster (1826–1864), the American songwriter who immortalized Georgia's Suwannee River in song.
Facilities
The state park includes 64 tents, trailer, RV campsites, nine cottages, an interpretive center, the 1.5-mile (2.5 km) Trembling Earth Nature Trail, 25 miles of day-use waterways, three picnic shelters and a pioneer campground
Suwannee River Visitor Center
Located 18 miles northeast of Fargo, the park's Suwannee River Visitor Center features exhibits about the animals, plants and ecosystem of the Okefenokee Swamp and other environmental topics.
Activities
Activities at the state park includes canoe, kayak and fishing boat rentals, guided boat tours, boating (ramp, limit), fishing, and birdwatching.
References
External links
State parks of Georgia (U.S. state)
Protected areas of Charlton County, Georgia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPP
|
HPP may refer to:
Medicine
Allopurinol, a medication
Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis, a blood disorder
HPP epoxidase, an enzyme
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis, a muscle disease
Hypophosphatasia, a bone disease
Hypoxia preconditioned plasma
Other uses
Hardy-Pomeau-Pazzis model, in computational fluid dynamics
Harrington Park Press, an American publisher
Harris Performance Products, a British motorcycle racing/parts manufacturer
Hawaiian Paradise Park, a community on the island of Hawaii
Head Phones President, a Japanese metal band
Health Partners Plans, a health insurance network
High Performance Programme, in cricket
High pressure processing of food
Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre, in England
Human Proteome Project
Hydroelectric power plant
Hydrometallurgy Pilot Plant, in Egypt
C++ Header file
Headturn Preference Procedure, in statistical language acquisition
Honda Power Port, a type of two-stroke power valve system
Handan East railway station, China Railway telegraph code HPP
Hosted Payment Page (also known as Hosted Checkout), used in ecommerce for secure checkouts.
HTTP parameter pollution
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20domain%20sensor
|
Frequency domain (FD) sensor is an instrument developed for measuring soil moisture content. The instrument has an oscillating circuit, the sensing part of the sensor is embedded in the soil, and the operating frequency will depend on the value of soil's dielectric constant.
Types of sensors
Capacitance probe, or fringe capacitance sensor. Capacitance probes use capacitance to measure the dielectric permittivity of the soil. The volume of water in the total volume of soil most heavily influences the dielectric permittivity of the soil because the dielectric constant of water (80) is much greater than the other constituents of the soil (mineral soil: 4, organic matter: 4, air: 1). Thus, when the amount of water changes in the soil, the probe will measure a change in capacitance (from the change in dielectric permittivity) that can be directly correlated with a change in water content. Circuitry inside some commercial probes change the capacitance measurement into a proportional millivolt output. Other configuration are like the neutron probe where an access tube made of PVC is installed in the soil. The probe consists of sensing head at fixed depth. The sensing head consists of an oscillator circuit, the frequency is determined by an annular electrode, fringe-effect capacitor, and the dielectric constant of the soil.
Electrical impedance sensor, which consists of soil probes and using electrical impedance measurement. The most common configuration is based on the standi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanosolar
|
Nanosolar was a developer of solar power technology. Based in San Jose, CA, Nanosolar developed and briefly commercialized a low-cost printable solar cell manufacturing process. The company started selling thin-film CIGS panels mid-December 2007, and planned to sell them at 99 cents per watt, much below the market at the time. However, prices for solar panels made of crystalline silicon declined significantly during the following years, reducing most of Nanosolar's cost advantage. By February 2013 Nanosolar had laid off 75% of its work force. Nanosolar began auctioning off its equipment in August 2013. Co-Founder of Nanosolar Martin Roscheisen stated on his personal blog that nanosolar "ultimately failed commercially." and that he would not enter this industry again because of slow-development cycle, complex production problems and the impact of cheap Chinese solar power production. Nanosolar ultimately produced less than 50 MW of solar power capacity despite having raised more than $400 million in investment.
Financial backers and manufacturing
Nanosolar was started in 2002 and headquartered in San Jose, California. The company received financing from a number of technology investors including Benchmark Capital, Mohr Davidow Ventures, and Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the founders of Google. Nanosolar received the largest amount in a round of Venture Capital technology funding amongst United States companies during Q2 2006, with 100 million USD of new funding secured. It als
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template%20Numerical%20Toolkit
|
The Template Numerical Toolkit (or TNT) is a software library for manipulating vectors and matrices in C++ created by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
TNT provides the fundamental linear algebra operations (for example, matrix multiplication). TNT is analogous to the BLAS library used by LAPACK. Higher level algorithms, such as LU decomposition and singular value decomposition, are provided by JAMA, also developed at NIST, which uses TNT.
The major features of TNT are:
All classes are template classes and therefore work with float, double, or other user-defined number types.
Matrices can be stored in row-major order or column-major order for Fortran compatibility.
The library is simply a collection of header files, and therefore does not need to be independently compiled.
Some support for sparse matrix storage is provided.
The source code is in the public domain.
TNT is mature, and NIST classifies its development status as active maintenance.
The principal designer of TNT is Roldan Pozo.
See also
List of numerical libraries
External links
Template Numerical Toolkit homepage at NIST
C++ numerical libraries
Free mathematics software
Free software programmed in C++
Public-domain software with source code
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAPQI
|
NAPQI, also known as NAPBQI or N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, is a toxic byproduct produced during the xenobiotic metabolism of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is normally produced only in small amounts, and then almost immediately detoxified in the liver.
However, under some conditions in which NAPQI is not effectively detoxified (usually in the case of paracetamol overdose), it causes severe damage to the liver. This becomes apparent 3–4 days after ingestion and may result in death from fulminant liver failure several days after the overdose.
Metabolism
In adults, the primary metabolic pathway for paracetamol is glucuronidation. This yields a relatively non-toxic metabolite, which is excreted into bile and passed out of the body. A small amount of the drug is metabolized via the cytochrome P-450 pathway (to be specific, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1) into NAPQI, which is extremely toxic to liver tissue, as well as being a strong biochemical oxidizer. In an average adult, only a small amount (approximately 10% of a therapeutic paracetamol dose) of NAPQI is produced, which is inactivated by conjugation with glutathione (GSH). The amount of NAPQI produced differs in certain populations.
The minimum dosage at which paracetamol causes toxicity usually is 7.5 to 10g in the average person. The lethal dose is usually between 10 g and 15 g. Concurrent alcohol intake lowers these thresholds significantly. Chronic alcoholics may be more susceptible to adverse effects due to
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-gate%20MOSFET
|
The floating-gate MOSFET (FGMOS), also known as a floating-gate MOS transistor or floating-gate transistor, is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) where the gate is electrically isolated, creating a floating node in direct current, and a number of secondary gates or inputs are deposited above the floating gate (FG) and are electrically isolated from it. These inputs are only capacitively connected to the FG. Since the FG is surrounded by highly resistive material, the charge contained in it remains unchanged for long periods of time, nowadays typically longer than 10 years. Usually Fowler-Nordheim tunneling and hot-carrier injection mechanisms are used to modify the amount of charge stored in the FG.
The FGMOS is commonly used as a floating-gate memory cell, the digital storage element in EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory technologies. Other uses of the FGMOS include a neuronal computational element in neural networks, analog storage element, digital potentiometers and single-transistor DACs.
History
The first MOSFET was invented by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959, and presented in 1960. The first report of a FGMOS was later made by Dawon Kahng and Simon Min Sze at Bell Labs, and dates from 1967. The earliest practical application of FGMOS was floating-gate memory cells, which Kahng and Sze proposed could be used to produce reprogrammable ROM (read-only memory). Initial applications of FGMOS was digital semiconductor memory,
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoblast
|
Monoblasts are the committed progenitor cells that differentiated from a committed macrophage or dendritic cell precursor (MDP) in the process of hematopoiesis. They are the first developmental stage in the monocyte series leading to a macrophage. Their myeloid cell fate is induced by the concentration of cytokines they are surrounded by during development. These cytokines induce the activation of transcription factors which push completion of the monoblast's myeloid cell fate. Monoblasts are normally found in bone marrow and do not appear in the normal peripheral blood. They mature into monocytes which, in turn, develop into macrophages. They then are seen as macrophages in the normal peripheral blood and many different tissues of the body. Macrophages can produce a variety of effector molecules that initiate local, systemic inflammatory responses. These monoblast differentiated cells are equipped to fight off foreign invaders using pattern recognition receptors to detect antigen as part of the innate immune response.
Structure
A typical monoblast is about 12 to 20 μm in diameter, has a nuclear to cytoplasm ratio of 4:1 to 3:1, and, like most myeloid blasts, has a round to oval nucleus with fine chromatin structure. Compared to other myeloid blasts, monoblasts have more cytoplasm. The nucleoli it contains is usually distinct. One to four nucleoli are usually visible. The nucleus can be central or eccentric and it can show evidence of indentation or folding. The cytoplasm
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmpliFIND
|
AmpliFIND is an acoustic fingerprinting service and a software development kit developed by the US company MusicIP.
MusicIP first marketed their fingerprinting algorithm and service as MusicDNS. In 2006, MusicIP reported that the MusicDNS database had more than 22 million fingerprints of digital audio recordings. One of their customers was MetaBrainz Foundation, a non-profit company that used MusicDNS in their MusicBrainz and MusicBrainz Picard software products.
Even so, MusicIP dissolved in 2008. The company's CEO, Andrew Stess, bought the rights to MusicDNS, renamed the software to AmpliFIND, and started a new company called AmpliFIND Music Services. In 2011, Stess sold AmpliFIND to Sony, who incorporated it into the digital music service offerings of their Gracenote division. Tribune Media subsequently purchased Gracenote, including the MusicDNS software.
How MusicDNS identifies a recording
To use the MusicDNS service, software developers write a computer program that incorporates an open-source software library called LibOFA. This library implements the Open Fingerprint Architecture, a specification developed during 2000–05 by MusicIP's previous incarnation, Predixis Corporation.
Through LibOFA, a program can fingerprint a recording, and submit the fingerprint to MusicDNS via the Internet. MusicDNS attempts to match the submission to fingerprints in its database. If the MusicDNS service finds an approximate match, it returns a code called a PUID (Portable Unique Ide
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20rhythmic%20variance
|
In statistics, analysis of rhythmic variance (ANORVA) is a method for detecting rhythms in biological time series, published by Peter Celec (Biol Res. 2004, 37(4 Suppl A):777–82). It is a procedure for detecting cyclic variations in biological time series and quantification of their probability. ANORVA is based on the premise that the variance in groups of data from rhythmic variables is low when a time distance of one period exists between the data entries.
References
Analysis of rhythmic variance--ANORVA. A new simple method for detecting rhythms in biological time series.
Analysis of Rhythmic Variance
Analysis of variance
Time series
Biostatistics
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsonite%20%28mineral%29
|
Samsonite is a silver manganese antimony sulfosalt mineral with formula Ag4MnSb2S6. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with a typical slender radiating prismatic habit. It is metallic black to steel black with no cleavage and a brittle to conchoidal fracture. In thin fragments it appears reddish brown in transmitted light and also leaves a red streak. It is soft, Mohs hardness of 2.5, and has a specific gravity of 5.51.
It was first named in 1910 after an occurrence in the Samson Vein of the Sankt Andreasberg silver mines, Harz Mountains, Germany.
See also
Classification of minerals
List of minerals
References
Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1944) Dana's system of mineralogy, (7th edition), v. I, pp. 393–395
Antimony minerals
Manganese(II) minerals
Sulfosalt minerals
Silver minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent%20growth%20modeling
|
Latent growth modeling is a statistical technique used in the structural equation modeling (SEM) framework to estimate growth trajectories. It is a longitudinal analysis technique to estimate growth over a period of time. It is widely used in the field of psychology, behavioral science, education and social science. It is also called latent growth curve analysis. The latent growth model was derived from theories of SEM. General purpose SEM software, such as OpenMx, lavaan (both open source packages based in R), AMOS, Mplus, LISREL, or EQS among others may be used to estimate growth trajectories.
Background
Latent Growth Models
represent repeated measures of dependent variables as a function of time and other measures. Such longitudinal data share the features that the same subjects are observed repeatedly over time, and on the same tests (or parallel versions), and at known times. In latent growth modeling, the relative standing of an individual at each time is modeled as a function of an underlying growth process, with the best parameter values for that growth process being fitted to each individual.
These models have grown in use in social and behavioral research since it was shown that they can be fitted as a restricted common factor model in the structural equation modeling framework.
The methodology can be used to investigate systematic change, or growth, and inter-individual variability in this change. A special topic of interest is the correlation of the growth p
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20energy%20distribution
|
A spectral energy distribution (SED) is a plot of energy versus frequency or wavelength of light (not to be confused with a 'spectrum' of flux density vs frequency or wavelength). It is used in many branches of astronomy to characterize astronomical sources. For example, in radio astronomy they are used to show the emission from synchrotron radiation, free-free emission and other emission mechanisms. In infrared astronomy, SEDs can be used to classify young stellar objects.
Detector for spectral energy distribution
The count rates observed from a given astronomical radiation source have no simple relationship to the flux from that source, such as might be incident at the top of the Earth's atmosphere. This lack of a simple relationship is due in no small part to the complex properties of radiation detectors.
These detector properties can be divided into
those that merely attenuate the beam, including
residual atmosphere between source and detector,
absorption in the detector window when present,
quantum efficiency of the detecting medium,
those that redistribute the beam in detected energy, such as
fluorescent photon escape phenomena,
inherent energy resolution of the detector.
See also
Astronomical radio source
Astronomical X-ray sources
Background radiation
Bremsstrahlung
Cosmic microwave background spectral distortions
Cyclotron radiation
Electromagnetic radiation
Synchrotron radiation
Wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
References
Further reading
E
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20index
|
In astronomy, the spectral index of a source is a measure of the dependence of radiative flux density (that is, radiative flux per unit of frequency) on frequency. Given frequency in Hz and radiative flux density in Jy, the spectral index is given implicitly by
Note that if flux does not follow a power law in frequency, the spectral index itself is a function of frequency. Rearranging the above, we see that the spectral index is given by
Clearly the power law can only apply over a certain range of frequency because otherwise the integral over all frequencies would be infinite.
Spectral index is also sometimes defined in terms of wavelength . In this case, the spectral index is given implicitly by
and at a given frequency, spectral index may be calculated by taking the derivative
The spectral index using the , which we may call differs from the index defined using The total flux between two frequencies or wavelengths is
which implies that
The opposite sign convention is sometimes employed, in which the spectral index is given by
The spectral index of a source can hint at its properties. For example, using the positive sign convention, the spectral index of the emission from an optically thin thermal plasma is -0.1, whereas for an optically thick plasma it is 2. Therefore, a spectral index of -0.1 to 2 at radio frequencies often indicates thermal emission, while a steep negative spectral index typically indicates synchrotron emission. It is worth noting that the
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched%20DNA%20assay
|
In biology, a branched DNA assay is a signal amplification assay (as opposed to a target amplification assay) that is used to detect nucleic acid molecules.
Method
A branched DNA assay begins with a dish or some other solid support (e.g., a plastic dipstick). The dish is peppered with small, single stranded DNA molecules (or chains) that stick out into the solution. These are known as capture probe DNA molecules. Next, an extender DNA molecule is added. Each extender has two domains; one that hybridizes to the capture DNA molecule and one that sticks out above the surface. The purpose of the extender is two-fold. First, it creates more available surface area for target DNA molecules to bind, and second, it allows the assay to be easily adapted to detect a variety of target DNA molecules.
Once the capture and extender molecules are in place and they have hybridized, the sample can be added. Target molecules in the sample will bind to the extender molecule. This results in a base peppered with capture probes, which are hybridized to extender probes, which in turn are hybridized to target molecules.
At this point, signal amplification takes place. A label extender DNA molecule is added that has two domains (similar to the first extender). The label extender hybridizes to the target and to a pre-amplified molecule. The preamplifier molecule has two domains. First, it binds to the label extender and second, it binds to the amplifier molecule. An example amplifier molecule is an
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expander%20walk%20sampling
|
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, the expander walk sampling theorem intuitively states that sampling vertices in an expander graph by doing relatively short random walk can simulate sampling the vertices independently from a uniform distribution.
The earliest version of this theorem is due to , and the more general version is typically attributed to .
Statement
Let be an n-vertex expander graph with positively weighted edges, and let . Let denote the stochastic matrix of the graph, and let be the second largest eigenvalue of . Let denote the vertices encountered in a -step random walk on starting at vertex , and let . Where
(It is well known that almost all trajectories converges to some limiting point, , as .)
The theorem states that for a weighted graph and a random walk where is chosen by an initial distribution , for all , we have the following bound:
Where is dependant on and .
The theorem gives a bound for the rate of convergence to with respect to the length of the random walk, hence giving a more efficient method to estimate compared to independent sampling the vertices of .
Proof
In order to prove the theorem, we provide a few definitions followed by three lemmas.
Let be the weight of the edge and let Denote by . Let be the matrix with entries , and let .
Let and . Let where is the stochastic matrix, and . Then:
Where . As and are symmetric, they have real eigenvalues. Therefore, as the eigenvalues of and are equal
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Clear%20%28Jaci%20Velasquez%20album%29
|
Crystal Clear is the third English-language studio album by contemporary Christian artist Jaci Velasquez. It was released in 2000 on Word Entertainment. The album includes two versions; the booklet of one includes only two photographs - one on the cover and the other on the last page of the booklet. The other version is stapled together as a book and includes different artwork and more photographs inside. The album was nominated for the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album.
Track listing
Personnel
Jaci Velasquez – lead vocals, backing vocals (1, 8, 9)
Mark Heimmerman – additional sounds (2), keyboards (3–7), programming (3–7), backing vocals (3, 4)
Rudy Pérez – keyboards (8, 9), programming (8, 9), arrangements (8, 9, 11), string arrangements (8), backing vocals (8), additional keyboards (11), additional programming (11)
Mark Portmann – keyboards (8, 11), programming (8, 11), arrangements (8, 11)
Lester Mendez – keyboards (9), programming (9)
George Cocchini – guitars (1–7, 10)
Ramón Stagnaro – guitars (8)
Michael Thompson – guitars (8, 11)
Chris Rodriguez – guitars (9, 11)
Jackie Street – bass (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10)
Neil Stubenhaus – bass (8)
Scott Williamson – drums (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10)
Javier Solis – percussion (1–4, 6, 7, 10)
Geronimo Enriquez – horns (1, 7), horn arrangements (1, 7)
Edward Beritez – horns (1, 7)
Robert Lopez – horns (1, 7)
Carl Marsh – string arrangements (5)
Carl Gorodetzky and The Nashville String Machine – strings
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noninvasive%20genotyping
|
Noninvasive genotyping is a modern technique for obtaining DNA for genotyping that is characterized by the indirect sampling of specimen, not requiring harm to, handling of, or even the presence of the organism of interest. Beginning in the early 1990s, with the advent of PCR, researchers have been able to obtain high-quality DNA samples from small quantities of hair, feathers, scales, or excrement. These noninvasive samples are an improvement over older allozyme and DNA sampling techniques that often required larger samples of tissue or the destruction of the studied organism. Noninvasive genotyping is widely utilized in conservation efforts, where capture and sampling may be difficult or disruptive to behavior. Additionally, in medicine, this technique is being applied in humans for the diagnosis of genetic disease and early detection of tumors. In this context, invasivity takes on a separate definition where noninvasive sampling also includes simple blood samples.
Conservation
In conservation, noninvasive genotyping has been used to supplement traditional techniques with broadly ranging levels of success. Modern DNA amplification methods allow researchers to use fecal or hair samples collected from the field to assess basic information about the specimen, including sex or species. Despite the potential that noninvasive genotyping has in conservation genetics efforts, the efficiency of this method is in question, as field samples often suffer from degradation and contamin
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinolysin
|
Fibrinolysin is an enzyme derived from plasma of bovine origin (plasmin) or extracted from cultures of certain bacteria. It is used locally only and exclusively together with the enzyme desoxyribonuclease (extracted from bovine pancreas). Fibrinolysin and desoxyribonuclease both act as lytic enzymes. The combination is available as ointment containing 1 BU (Biological Unit) fibrinolysin and 666 BUs desoxyribonuclease per gram.
Fibrinolysin attacks and inactivates fibrin molecules occurring in undesirable exudates on the surface of the human body and on human mucosa, e.g., in superficial wounds and burns, while desoxyribonuclease targets and destroys (human) DNA. The combination of the two enzymes has a synergistic effect on necrotic but not on living tissue. According to the manufacturer the ointment provides enhanced wound cleaning and accelerates the healing process.
Both enzymes are marginally resorbed into systemic circulation because of their very high molecular weight and their macromolecular structure.
The activity of both enzymes is almost completely exhausted after 24 hours. Usually, it is necessary to repeat the application (and renew the dressing) every 6 to 8 hours until healing becomes complete.
The ointment is marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Fibrolan in a variety of countries (e.g. Switzerland). It is currently not approved in the USA.
Where approved, Fibrolan has been licensed on the basis of claimed good therapeutical experience, but adequate and
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbraith%20plot
|
In statistics, a Galbraith plot (also known as Galbraith's radial plot or just radial plot) is one way of displaying several estimates of the same quantity that have different standard errors.
It can be used to examine heterogeneity in a meta-analysis, as an alternative or supplement to a forest plot.
A Galbraith plot is produced by first calculating the standardized estimates or z-statistics by dividing each estimate by its standard error (SE). The Galbraith plot is then a scatter plot of each z-statistic (vertical axis) against 1/SE (horizontal axis). Larger studies (with smaller SE and larger 1/SE) will be observed to aggregate away from the origin.
See also
Plot
Funnel plot
References
External links
Galbraith plots are available within the metafor package in R, along with various other diagnostic and summary plots.
MIX 2.0 Software to perform meta-analysis and create Galbraith plots in Excel.
RadialPlotter Java application for fission track, luminescence and other radial plots from P. Vermeesch.
RadialPlotter() function within the R package 'numOSL' from Peng Jun for statistical age models analysis in optically stimulated luminescence dating.
plot_RadialPlot() function within the R package 'Luminescence' to produce Galbraith plots.
Further reading
Galbraith, R.F., 1990. The radial plot: Graphical assessment of spread in ages. International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 17 (3), pp. 207
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Bungarotoxin
|
α-Bungarotoxin is one of the bungarotoxins, components of the venom of the elapid Taiwanese banded krait snake (Bungarus multicinctus). It is a type of α-neurotoxin, a neurotoxic protein that is known to bind competitively and in a relatively irreversible manner to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor found at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis, respiratory failure, and death in the victim. It has also been shown to play an antagonistic role in the binding of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the brain, and as such has numerous applications in neuroscience research.
Structure
α-Bungarotoxin is a 74-amino-acid, 8 kDa α-neurotoxin with five disulfide bridges that binds as a competitive antagonist to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Like other snake venom α-neurotoxins, it is a member of the three-finger toxin protein family; its tertiary structure consists of a small globular core stabilized by four disulfide bonds, three projecting "finger" loops, and a C-terminal tail. The second loop contains an additional disulfide bond. The tips of fingers I and II form a mobile region that is essential for proper binding.
Hydrogen bonds allow for an antiparallel β-sheet, which keeps the second and third loops roughly parallel. The three-finger structure is preserved by four of the disulfide bridges: the fifth can be reduced without loss to toxicity. The fifth bridge is located on the tip of the second loop.
The multiple disulfide bonds and small amount o
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20York%20Area%20High%20School
|
West York Area High School is a high school located in York, York County in south central Pennsylvania. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the school reported an enrollment of 871 students in grades 9 through 12 in the 2018–2019 school year.
Part of the West York Area School District, the school serves children in grades nine through twelve. It operates on a two-semester, six term year with block scheduling of four-period days, each period lasting 80 minutes. Students may attend the local technical school or specialized center on a part-time basis. Career internships and diversified occupations programs are also available for seniors.
Campus
In 2009, the West York Area School Board began the process of upgrading the facilities at the school, beginning with the opening of a new gym in October 2014. The development was completed in 2016 when a new two-story wing was added that includes eight additional classrooms and a large group instruction/meeting room. The existing science labs were renovated and three new labs were added. A new choral room was provided, along with a new guidance suite and the school auditorium was equipped with upgraded stage rigging, lights and sound systems.
Extracurricular activities
West York Area High School students have access to a wide variety of clubs, activities, and an extensive sports program.
Sport teams
The school uses navy blue and white as spirit colors, and its mascot is a Bulldog. The school is a member of PI
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMSF
|
In biochemistry, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) is a serine protease inhibitor (serine hydrolase inactivator) commonly used in the preparation of cell lysates. PMSF does not inactivate all serine proteases. The effective concentration of PMSF is between 0.1 - 1 mM. The half-life is short in aqueous solutions (110 min at pH 7, 55 min at pH 7.5, and 35 min at pH 8, all at 25 °C). At 4˚C, pH 8, PMSF is almost completely degraded after 1 day. Stock solutions are usually made up in anhydrous ethanol, isopropanol, or corn oil and diluted immediately before use.
PMSF reacts specifically with the active site serine residue in serine hydrolases. It does not bind to any other serine residues in the protein. This is a result of the hyperactivity of that serine residue caused by the specific environmental conditions in the enzyme's active site (catalytic triad). Because PMSF bonds covalently to the enzyme, the complex can be viewed by X-ray crystallography; it can therefore be used as a chemical label to identify an essential active site serine in an enzyme.
Enzyme(active)Ser-O-H + F-SO2CH2C6H5 → EnzymeSer-O-SO2CH2C6H5 + HF
Serine protease + PMSF → Irreversible enzyme-PMS complex + HF
The median lethal dose between 150–215 mg/kg (acetylcholine esterase inactivator). PMSF should be handled only inside a fume hood and while wearing gloves. DMSO is sometimes recommended as solvent for stock solutions, but should not be used as it makes intact skin permeable for PMSF.
Stability
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoproteomics
|
Immunoproteomics is the study of large sets of proteins (proteomics) involved in the immune response.
Examples of common applications of immunoproteomics include:
The isolation and mass spectrometric identification of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) binding peptides
Purification and identification of protein antigens binding specific antibodies (or other affinity reagents)
Comparative immunoproteomics to identify proteins and pathways modulated by a specific infectious organism, disease or toxin.
The identification of proteins in immunoproteomics is carried out by techniques including gel based, microarray based, and DNA based techniques, with mass spectroscopy typically being the ultimate identification method.
Applications
Immunology
Immunoproteomics is and has been used to increase scientific understanding of both autoimmune disease pathology and progression. Using biochemical techniques, gene and ultimately protein expression can be measured with high fidelity. With this information, the biochemical pathways causing pathology in conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease can potentially be elucidated. Serum antibody identification in particular has proven to be very useful as a diagnostic tool for a number of diseases in modern medicine, in large part due to the relatively high stability of serum antibodies.
Immunoproteomic techniques are additionally used for the isolation of antibodies. By identifying and proceeding to sequence antibodies,
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusperimus
|
Gusperimus is an immunosuppressive drug. It is a derivative of the naturally occurring HSP70 inhibitor spergualin, and inhibits the interleukin-2-stimulated maturation of T cells to the S and G2/M phases and the polarization of the T cells into IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 effector T cells, resulting in the inhibition of growth of activated naive CD4 T cells.
Gusperimus was developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Currently, it is manufactured and sponsored for use as an orphan drug and for clinical studies by the Japanese company Euro Nippon Kayaku. The patent claim (see quotation) is that Gusperimus may be useful for a variety of hyperreactive inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases. The drug is available in vials containing 100 mg each.
There is little information about the pharmacokinetic properties of gusperimus.
Overview
The European Commission assigned orphan drug status to Gusperimus in 2001 for the treatment of granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a serious form of vasculitis frequently associated with permanent disability and/or fatal outcome. There have been many cases of patients resistant to all forms of usual treatment responding very well to Gusperimus.
It has been proposed that gusperimus may benefit patients with the neurological disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease). ALS causes permanent motor deficits and disabilities up to the point that almost all motor functions, including breathing and bladder control, are lost. Patients u
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Smithies
|
Robert Smithies (4 April 1934 – 31 July 2006) was a British photographer, journalist and crossword compiler. He was born in Middleton, near Rochdale, Lancashire.
Smithies began his career from school at the Manchester Evening News as a darkroom assistant, progressing to the post of photographer there and later at the Manchester Guardian.
Smithies joined Granada Television in the mid-1970s and presented a number of television programmes between then and 2005, including the regional news programme Granada Reports and Down To Earth.
Since his first cryptic crossword was accepted by The Guardian newspaper in 1966, Smithies was a regular compiler for the newspaper, under the pseudonym Bunthorne, the name taken from the leading character in the Gilbert and Sullivan light opera Patience.
As a crossword setter his clues became known for requiring potentially obscure general knowledge, ranging from Austen and Dickens to French cheeses. One of his most famous clues was "Amundsen's forwarding address (4)" – (mush).
Photography exhibitions
A Long Exposure: 100 Years of Pictures from Guardian Photographers in Manchester (1908–2008), The Lowry (Salford), October 2008 – March 2009. With Walter Doughty, Tom Stuttard, Graham Finlayson, Neil Libbert, Don McPhee and Denis Thorpe.
References
1934 births
2006 deaths
British television journalists
The Guardian photojournalists
Crossword creators
People from Middleton, Greater Manchester
Place of death missing
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive%3A%20Nike%20%2B%20Original%20Run
|
Drive is the product of The Crystal Method's teaming up with Nike. It is part of a series of mixes intended to assist joggers on their workout routines known as Original Run. The album is a nearly 45 minute continuous mix of ten tracks, some new, some remixes and edits of songs off of the London soundtrack and Community Service II. It was released on the iTunes Store on June 28, 2006 as one long track.
On June 26, 2007, the album received a physical release on CD, exclusive to Best Buy stores. On February 5, 2008, the album was released for sale at other stores as well. The tracks are separated but still presented as a continuous mix. The CD includes four bonus tracks, which are full length edits of tracks 4, 6, 8 and 9.
Track listing
All tracks by The Crystal Method except where noted
"Starting Line" – 2:02
"It's Time" (Vocals by Angelo Hayes) – 4:51
"Roadhouse Blues (Original Dub)" – The Doors vs. The Crystal Method (Densmore, Krieger, Mazarek, Morrison) – 6:05
"It Hertz" (Harmonica by Jimmie Wood) – 5:17
"Do It (Dub Pistols Mix)" – 5:24
"Don't Stop" (Harmonica by Jimmie Wood) – 4:57
"Brand New Kicks" (Guitar by Richard Fortus) – 4:16
"Bad Ass (Rogue Element Mix)" – 5:24
"Glass Breaker (Force Mass Motion Mix)" – The Crystal Method feat. Charlotte Martin – 5:34
"Finish Line" – 1:03
Best Buy exclusive full length tracks
"It Hertz" – 6:07
"Don't Stop" – 5:21
"Bad Ass (Rogue Element Mix)" – 7:02
"Glass Breaker (Force Mass Motion Mix)" – The Crystal Method feat. Charlot
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RATS%20%28software%29
|
RATS, an abbreviation of Regression Analysis of Time Series, is a statistical package for time series analysis and econometrics. RATS is developed and sold by Estima, Inc., located in Evanston, IL.
History
The forerunner of RATS was a FORTRAN program called SPECTRE, written by economist Christopher A. Sims. SPECTRE was designed to overcome some limitations of existing software that affected Sims' research in the 1970s, by providing spectral analysis and also the ability to run long unrestricted distributed lags. The program was then expanded by Tom Doan, then of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, who added ARIMA and VAR capabilities and went on to found the consulting firm that owns and distributes RATS software. In its early incarnations, RATS was designed primarily for time series analysis, but as it evolved, it acquired other capabilities. With the advent of personal computers in 1984, RATS went from being a specialty mainframe program to an econometrics package sold to a much broader market.
Features
RATS is a powerful program, which can perform a range of econometric and statistical operations. The following is a list of the major procedures in econometrics and time series analysis that can be implemented in RATS. All these methods can be used in order to forecast, as well as to conduct data analysis. In addition, RATS can handle cross-sectional and panel data:
Linear regression, including stepwise.
Regressions with heteroscedasticity and serial-correlatio
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stradale
|
Stradale (Italian for "road-going") may refer to:
Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale, street-legal derivative of a racecar
Dallara Stradale, first streetcar from racecar maker Dallara
Ferrari SF90 Stradale
Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale
Lancia 037 Stradale
See also
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20M.%20Butler
|
Andrew M. Butler is a British academic who teaches film, media and cultural studies at Canterbury Christ Church University. He is a former editor of Vector, the Critical Journal of the British Science Fiction Association and was membership secretary of the Science Fiction Foundation. He is a former Arthur C. Clarke Award judge and is now a member of the Serendip Foundation which administers the award.
He has published widely on science fiction and, less often, fantasy, in journals such as Foundation, Science Fiction Studies, Vector and The Lion and the Unicorn. His interests include Philip K. Dick, Terry Pratchett (Terry Pratchett: Guilty of Literature, co-edited with Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn was nominated for a Hugo Award), Jeff Noon, Iain M. Banks, Ken MacLeod, Christopher Priest and Philip Pullman. An article for Science Fiction Studies, "Thirteen ways of looking at the British Boom", on the British science fiction boom won the Science Fiction Research Association Pioneer Award in 2004.
Publications
Butler, Andrew M. The pocket essential Philip K. Dick / Andrew M. Butler. Harpenden : Pocket Essentials, 2000. 96 p. ; 18 cm. (pbk.)
Butler, Andrew M. The pocket essential cyberpunk / Andrew M. Butler. Harpenden : Pocket Essentials, 2000. 96 p. ; 18 cm. (pbk.)
Butler, Andrew M. The pocket essential Terry Pratchett / Andrew M. Butler. Harpenden : Pocket Essentials, 2001. 96 p. ; 18 cm. (pbk.)
Butler, Andrew M. Film studies / Andrew M. Butler. Harpenden : Pocket Ess
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20composite%20design
|
In statistics, a central composite design is an experimental design, useful in response surface methodology, for building a second order (quadratic) model for the response variable without needing to use a complete three-level factorial experiment.
After the designed experiment is performed, linear regression is used, sometimes iteratively, to obtain results. Coded variables are often used when constructing this design.
Implementation
The design consists of three distinct sets of experimental runs:
A factorial (perhaps fractional) design in the factors studied, each having two levels;
A set of center points, experimental runs whose values of each factor are the medians of the values used in the factorial portion. This point is often replicated in order to improve the precision of the experiment;
A set of axial points, experimental runs identical to the centre points except for one factor, which will take on values both below and above the median of the two factorial levels, and typically both outside their range. All factors are varied in this way.
Design matrix
The design matrix for a central composite design experiment involving k factors is derived from a matrix, d, containing the following three different parts corresponding to the three types of experimental runs:
The matrix F obtained from the factorial experiment. The factor levels are scaled so that its entries are coded as +1 and −1.
The matrix C from the center points, denoted in coded variables as (0,0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20solenoid
|
An alpha solenoid (sometimes also known as an alpha horseshoe or as stacked pairs of alpha helices, abbreviated SPAH) is a protein fold composed of repeating alpha helix subunits, commonly helix-turn-helix motifs, arranged in antiparallel fashion to form a superhelix. Alpha solenoids are known for their flexibility and plasticity. Like beta propellers, alpha solenoids are a form of solenoid protein domain commonly found in the proteins comprising the nuclear pore complex. They are also common in membrane coat proteins known as coatomers, such as clathrin, and in regulatory proteins that form extensive protein-protein interactions with their binding partners. Examples of alpha solenoid structures binding RNA and lipids have also been described.
Terminology and classification
The term "alpha solenoid" has been used somewhat inconsistently in the literature. As originally defined, alpha solenoids were composed of helix-turn-helix motifs that stacked into an open superhelix. However, protein structural classification systems have used varying terminology; the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database describes these proteins using the term "alpha alpha superhelix". The CATH database uses the term "alpha horseshoe" for these proteins, and uses "alpha solenoid" for a somewhat different and more compact structure exemplified by the peridinin-chlorophyll binding protein.
Structure
Alpha solenoid proteins are composed of repeating structural units containing at least tw
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LHD
|
LHD can mean:
Landing helicopter dock, a US Navy hull classification symbol for multipurpose amphibious assault ships of the Wasp class.
Large Helical Device, a major Japanese nuclear fusion reactor.
Leatherhead railway station, Surrey, England, by National Rail station code
Left hand drive, a vehicle with the driving controls mounted on the left side of the cabin. Used in most countries where traffic travels on the right-hand side of the road.
Liechtenstein Homeland Service, a defunct corporatist party in Liechtenstein.
Limburgse Handbal Dagen, a handball tournament in Limburg.
Linear heat detection, a type of fire alarm system utilized in tunnels and special hazards.
Litterarum Humanarum Doctor, Latin for Doctor of Humane Letters, an honorary academic degree for persons with significant accomplishments in fields other than science.
Load, haul, dump machine, a vehicle used in underground mining.
Local health department, government agencies in the United States.
Lake Hood Seaplane Base near Anchorage, Alaska (FAA location code: LHD)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian%20Shield
|
In geology, the Ukrainian Shield or the Ukrainian Crystalline Massif is the southwest shield of the East European craton. It has an area of about 200,000 sq km and is approx. 1000 km long and up to 250 km wide..
It is a pegmatite geologic province which can be divided into the following megastructures: Middle Prydniprovia, Western Pryazovia, Eastern Pryazovia, Ingulski, Rosynsko-Tikychki, Dnistersko-Buzki and Volyn differing in mineralogical composition and geochemical specialization.
The Ukrainian Shield and the Voronezh Massif consist of 3.2-3.8 Ga Archean crust in the southwest and east, and 2.3-2.1 Ga Early Proterozoic orogenic belts.
The Ilyinets crater is located at the boundary of Rosynsko-Tikychki, Dnistersko-Buzki.
References
Geology of Ukraine
Geomorphology
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.