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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentorite
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Bentorite is a mineral with the chemical formula . It is colored violet to light violet. Its crystals are hexagonal to dihexagonal dipyramidal. It is transparent and has vitreous luster. It has perfect cleavage. It is not radioactive. Bentorite is rated 2 on the Mohs Scale.
The mineral was first described in 1980 by Shulamit Gross for an occurrence in the Hatrurim Formation of Danian age along the western margin of the Dead Sea, Israel. It was named by its discoverer, Shulamit Gross, for Yaakov Ben-Tor (1910–2002), Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the University of California, San Diego, California, US, for his contributions to geology and mineralogy in Israel.
Formation
The only naturally occurring bentorite that has been discovered is in the Hatrurim Formation near the Dead Sea in Israel. The formation consists of a mixture of metamorphosed clays, limestones, and marls. The original sediments were enriched in chromium, and later experienced heating to >1000 °C at atmospheric pressure. This formed a natural Portland cement which has since been hydrated from groundwater and/or rainwater to form a natural concrete. The source of the heat is thought to be due to combustion of coal, oil, or gas. Following this combustion metamorphosis, highly alkaline fluids penetrated and altered the rock to form supergene veins of bentorite.
Applications
When suitably prepared, concrete contains crystals of ettringite that can exchange aluminium for chromium, converting
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance-enhanced%20multiphoton%20ionization
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Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is a technique applied to the spectroscopy of atoms and small molecules. In practice, a tunable laser can be used to access an excited intermediate state. The selection rules associated with a two-photon or other multiphoton photoabsorption are different from the selection rules for a single photon transition. The REMPI technique typically involves a resonant single or multiple photon absorption to an electronically excited intermediate state followed by another photon which ionizes the atom or molecule. The light intensity to achieve a typical multiphoton transition is generally significantly larger than the light intensity to achieve a single photon photoabsorption. Because of this, subsequent photoabsorption is often very likely. An ion and a free electron will result if the photons have imparted enough energy to exceed the ionization threshold energy of the system. In many cases, REMPI provides spectroscopic information that can be unavailable to single photon spectroscopic methods, for example rotational structure in molecules is easily seen with this technique.
REMPI is usually generated by a focused frequency tunable laser beam to form a small-volume plasma. In REMPI, first m photons are simultaneously absorbed by an atom or molecule in the sample to bring it to an excited state. Other n photons are absorbed afterwards to generate an electron and ion pair. The so-called m+n REMPI is a nonlinear optical process, whic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabianite
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Fabianite is a borate mineral with the chemical formula CaB3O5(OH). It is colorless and leaves a white streak. Its crystals are monoclinic prismatic. It is transparent and fluorescent. It has vitreous luster. It is not radioactive. Fabianite is rated 6 on the Mohs Scale. It was named for Hans-Joachim Fabian, a German geologist.
See also
List of minerals
References
Webmineral Entry
Mineral Handbook
Calcium minerals
Phylloborates
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Japan
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"Crystal Japan" is an instrumental piece written by David Bowie and released as a single in Japan in spring 1980. It was recorded during the Scary Monsters sessions that year. The instrumental was used in a Japanese commercial for the shochu Crystal Jun Rock, which also featured an appearance by Bowie, although he said at the time that the track was not specifically written for this purpose. Originally titled "Fuji Moto San", it was apparently intended to close the Scary Monsters album until replaced by "It's No Game (No. 2)".
Track listing
"Crystal Japan" (David Bowie) – 3:08
"Alabama Song" (Bertolt Brecht, Kurt Weill) – 3:51
Other releases
The instrumental was released as the B-side to the single "Up the Hill Backwards" in March 1981. "Teenage Wildlife" was originally slated as the B-side for "Up the Hill Backwards" until Bowie found out the prices fans were paying for the import single of "Crystal Japan", and insisted the track receive a UK release.
In 1992, the piece was released as a bonus track on the Rykodisc reissue of the album Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps).
"Crystal Japan" also appeared on the compilations Rare (1982) and All Saints (2001), and on Re:Call 3, part of the A New Career in a New Town (1977–1982) boxed set (2017).
Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails took the melody of "Crystal Japan" and used it as the basis for the track "A Warm Place", released on their 1994 album The Downward Spiral. Bowie's official website later said the two songs were so s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyanoquinodimethane
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Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an orange crystalline solid. This cyanocarbon, a relative of para-quinone, is an electron acceptor that is used to prepare charge transfer salts, which are of interest in molecular electronics.
Preparation and structure
TCNQ is prepared by the condensation of 1,4-cyclohexanedione with malononitrile, followed by dehydrogenation of the resulting diene with bromine:
The molecule is planar, with D2h symmetry.
Reactions
Like tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), TCNQ is easily reduced to give a blue-coloured radical anion. The reduction potential is about −0.3 V relative to the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. This property is exploited in the development of charge-transfer salts. TCNQ also forms complexes with electron-rich metal complexes.
Charge transfer salts
TCNQ achieved great attention because it forms charge-transfer salts with high electrical conductivity. These discoveries were influential in the development of organic electronics. Illustrative is the product from treatment of TCNQ with the electron donor tetrathiafulvene (TTF), TCNQ forms an ion pair, the TTF-TCNQ complex, in which TCNQ is the acceptor. This salt crystallizes in a one-dimensionally stacked polymer, consisting of segregated stacks of cations and anions of the donors and the acceptors, respectively. The complex crystal is an organic semiconductor that exhibits metallic electric conductivity.
Related compounds
Tetracyanoethylen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearing%20blonde%20gene
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The disappearing blonde gene was a hoax claiming a scientific study had estimated that natural blonds would become extinct, repeated as fact in reputable media such as the BBC and The Sunday Times between 2002 and 2006. The hoax claimed that, because the allele for the genes for hair colour is recessive, blond hair would become less common as people with dominant non-blond hair alleles had offspring with people with the recessive alleles, even though such a pairing would retain one copy of the blond allele in the genome of the offspring. Claims that blond hair would disappear have been made since 1865.
Several reports erroneously claimed that the World Health Organization (WHO) had published a report claiming that people with blond hair "will become extinct by 2202". Neither the WHO nor any reputable expert had issued such a report, and the WHO asked those commenting on the alleged report to retract.
In the media
In 2002, BBC News reported that unnamed German experts concluded that blond hair would disappear within 200 years since the gene causing blond hair is recessive. According to the German experts, the recessive blond allele is rare in nations of mixed heritage (for example, the United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, New Zealand and Australia). In the BBC article Prof. Jonathan Rees of the University of Edinburgh cast doubt on the story—he was quoted as saying "The frequency of blondes may drop but they won't disappear."
In 2006 the hoax was mentioned by The Sunda
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirofiban
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Tirofiban, sold under the brand name Aggrastat, is an antiplatelet medication. It belongs to a class of antiplatelets named glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Tirofiban is a small molecule inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction between fibrinogen and the platelet integrin receptor GP IIb/IIIa and is the first drug candidate whose origins can be traced to a pharmacophore-based virtual screening lead.
It is available as a generic medication.
Medical uses
Tirofiban is indicated to reduce the rate of thrombotic cardiovascular events (combined endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or refractory ischemia/repeat cardiac procedure) in people with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome.
Contraindications and precautions
Tirofiban is contraindicated in patients with:
Known hypersensitivity to any component of tirofiban.
History of thrombocytopenia with prior exposure to tirofiban.
Active internal bleeding, or history of bleeding diathesis, major surgical procedure or severe physical trauma within the previous month.
Adverse reactions
Bleeding is the most commonly reported adverse reaction.
Use in pregnancy
Tirofiban has been demonstrated to cross the placenta in pregnant rats and rabbits. Although the doses employed in these studies were a multiple of those used in human beings. no adverse effects on the offspring in both animals have been seen. However, there are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Therefore, tirofiban should be used dur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRET
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BRET may refer to:
Background Radiation Equivalent Time
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source-to-source%20compiler
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A source-to-source translator, source-to-source compiler (S2S compiler), transcompiler, or transpiler is a type of translator that takes the source code of a program written in a programming language as its input and produces an equivalent source code in the same or a different programming language. A source-to-source translator converts between programming languages that operate at approximately the same level of abstraction, while a traditional compiler translates from a higher level programming language to a lower level programming language. For example, a source-to-source translator may perform a translation of a program from Python to JavaScript, while a traditional compiler translates from a language like C to assembler or Java to bytecode. An automatic parallelizing compiler will frequently take in a high level language program as an input and then transform the code and annotate it with parallel code annotations (e.g., OpenMP) or language constructs (e.g. Fortran's forall statements).
Another purpose of source-to-source-compiling is translating legacy code to use the next version of the underlying programming language or an API that breaks backward compatibility. It will perform automatic code refactoring which is useful when the programs to refactor are outside the control of the original implementer (for example, converting programs from Python 2 to Python 3, or converting programs from an old API to the new API) or when the size of the program makes it impractical
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20City%20%28video%20game%29
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N.Y.C. The Big Apple (also known as New York City) is an action game written by Russ Segal for the Atari 8-bit family and published by Synapse Software in 1984. Segal previously wrote Picnic Paranoia for Synapse. New York City was ported to the Commodore 64 by Greg Nelson.
As part of a "Double Play" promotion, New York City was sold as part of a two-game combo, with Electrician on the other side of the disk.
Gameplay
The gameplay involves visiting tourist destinations of New York City such as Grant's Tomb and the U.N. building, as well as less important locations such as the automat and bank. Each location consists of a mini-game, accessed by walking, driving or taking the subway in a stylised rendition of Manhattan island.
The game begins in a parking lot somewhere inside a randomly generated city. The player is given a car to drive along the city streets and avoid the other traffic as long as they have gas to spare. If they run out of gas or crash, a tow truck will deliver the vehicle back to the parking lot, and the player must walk from then on. If the player gets run over by a vehicle they are transported to the hospital. Minigames include the subway, where a token must be collected before boarding the train; the Central Park Zoo, where animals must be rounded up; and the automat, where food must be collected before other diners. A clock prompts the player when to search for food and when go on with the next mission. The clock runs from 9am to 5pm, and the goal is t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hai%20Lake%E2%80%93Mount%20Herman%20Provincial%20Park
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Hai Lake–Mount Herman Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Established in 2004, it is 323 ha. and protects regionally significant bog ecosystems and old-growth forests. The park caters to outdoor pursuits such as day hiking, camping, fishing, and hunting.
References
Skeena Country
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Year of establishment missing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20atmospheric%20dispersion%20models
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Atmospheric dispersion models are computer programs that use mathematical algorithms to simulate how pollutants in the ambient atmosphere disperse and, in some cases, how they react in the atmosphere.
US Environmental Protection Agency models
Many of the dispersion models developed by or accepted for use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) are accepted for use in many other countries as well. Those EPA models are grouped below into four categories.
Preferred and recommended models
AERMOD – An atmospheric dispersion model based on atmospheric boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment of multiple ground-level and elevated point, area and volume sources. It handles flat or complex, rural or urban terrain and includes algorithms for building effects and plume penetration of inversions aloft. It uses Gaussian dispersion for stable atmospheric conditions (i.e., low turbulence) and non-Gaussian dispersion for unstable conditions (high turbulence). Algorithms for plume depletion by wet and dry deposition are also included in the model. This model was in development for approximately 14 years before being officially accepted by the U.S. EPA.
CALPUFF – A non-steady-state puff dispersion model that simulates the effects of time- and space-varying meteorological conditions on pollution transport, transformation, and removal. CALPUFF can be applied for long-range transport and for complex terrain.
BLP – A Gaussian plume dispersi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin%20%28protein%29
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Merlin (also called Neurofibromin 2 or schwannomin) is a cytoskeletal protein. In humans, it is a tumor suppressor protein involved in neurofibromatosis type II. Sequence data reveal its similarity to the ERM protein family.
The name "merlin" is an acronym for "Moesin-Ezrin-Radixin-Like Protein".
Gene
Human merlin is coded by the gene NF2 in Chromosome 22. Mouse merlin gene is located on chromosome 11 and rat merlin gene on chromosome 17. Fruit fly merlin gene (symbol Mer) is located on chromosome 1 and shares 58% similarity to its human homologue.
Other merlin-like genes are known from a wide range of animals, and the derivation of merlin is thought to be in early metazoa. Merlin is a member of the ERM family of proteins including ezrin, moesin, and radixin, which are in the protein 4.1 superfamily of proteins. Merlin is also known as schwannomin, a name derived from the most common type of tumor in the NF2 patient phenotype, the schwannoma.
Structure
Vertebrate merlin is a 70 kDa protein. There are 10 known isoforms of human merlin molecule (the full molecule being 595 amino acids in length). The two most common of these are also found in the mouse and are called type 1 and type 2, differing by the absence or presence of exon 16 or 17, respectively). All the known varieties have a conserved N-terminal part, which contains a FERM domain (a domain found in most cytoskeletal-membrane organizing proteins). The FERM domain is followed by an alpha-helical domain and a hydroph
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20Romance%20languages
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The internal classification of the Romance languages is a complex and sometimes controversial topic which may not have one single answer. Several classifications have been proposed, based on different criteria.
Attempts at classifying Romance languages
Difficulties of classification
The comparative method used by linguists to build family language trees is based on the assumption that the member languages evolved from a single proto-language by a sequence of binary splits, separated by many centuries. With that hypothesis, and the glottochronological assumption that the degree of linguistic change is roughly proportional to elapsed time, the sequence of splits can be deduced by measuring the differences between the members.
However, the history of Romance languages, as we know it, makes the first assumption rather problematic. While the Roman Empire lasted, its educational policies and the natural mobility of its soldiers and administrative officials probably ensured some degree of linguistic homogeneity throughout its territory. Even if there were differences between the Vulgar Latin spoken in different regions, it is doubtful whether there were any sharp boundaries between the various dialects. On the other hand, after the Empire's collapse, the population of Latin speakers was separated—almost instantaneously, by the standards of historical linguistics—into a large number of politically independent states and feudal domains whose populations were largely bound to the l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roefie%20Hueting
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Roelof (Roefie) Hueting (16 December 1929 – 24 June 2023) was a Dutch economist, former Head of the Department for Environmental Statistics of Statistics Netherlands, pianist and leader of the Down Town Jazz Band, and known for the development of the concept of Sustainable National Income (SNI).
Biography
Hueting was born in The Hague, son of Bernardus Hueting and Elisabeth Hueting-Steinvoorte. In 1949 he founded the Down Town Jazz Band, and earned his living as musician during his studies at the University of Amsterdam which he started in 1951 and received his MA in Economics in 1959. In 1974 he obtained his Ph.D. in economics (cum laude) at the University of Groningen with the thesis "New scarcity and economic growth: More welfare through less production?" under supervision of Jan Pen.
In 1959 he started as assistant public accountant. From 1962 till 1969 he was labour market researcher at the Ministry of Social Affairs, and from 1965 till 1968 at the Ministry of Housing and Physical Planning. After joining the Statistics Netherlands in 1969 he founded its Department of Environmental Statistics. Until his retirement in 1994 he chaired the Department for Environmental Statistics.
In 1991 he was decorated Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau, and in 1994 awarded the United Nations Global 500 award.
Hueting died in The Hague on 24 June 2023, at the age of 93.
Work
Hueting developed the theoretical and practical framework of the Sustainable national income (SNI). Alread
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split%20%281989%20film%29
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Split is a 1989 film directed by Chris Shaw and starring Timothy Dwight and Joan Bechtel. The film was notable for its early use of CGI. It was the final film appearance of Gene Evans.
Plot
A big brother-like leader from another dimension known as the Director controls our every move while letting us believe that we have free will. Starker is a homeless man for whom no records exist so he is able to elude the Director and his Agency. He attempts to counter the oppressive message and is forced to go into hiding with a round disc that he believes is the gateway to a greater humanity.
Cast
Timothy Dwight as Starker
Joan Bechtel as The waitress
John Flynn as The artist
Chris Shaw as The Director
Reception
Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called Split "a timeless political-religious parable".
References
External links
1989 films
1989 science fiction films
1989 directorial debut films
Films about mass surveillance
1980s English-language films
American science fiction films
1980s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Vanuatu%20languages
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The Central Vanuatu languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in central Vanuatu.
Languages
Clark (2009)
Clark (2009) provides the following classification of the Central Vanuatu languages, divided into geographic areas. Outlier (aberrant) languages identified by Clark (2009) are in italics. Clark's Central Vanuatu branch is wider in scope, including not only the Shepherd–Efate languages, but also the Malakula and Ambrym–Paama–Epi languages.
Central Vanuatu
Malakula languages
Northeast Malakula (Uripiv), Vao, Vovo; Mpotovoro
Dirak, Malua Bay
V’ënen Taut, Tape
Larevat, Neve’ei, Naman
Navava, Nevwervwer
Unua-Pangkumu
Banam Bay, Aulua
Lendamboi; Nasarian
Axamb, Avok, Maskelynes, Port Sandwich
Sinesip, Naha’ai; Ninde
Ambrym–Paama–Epi area
Ambrym Island: North Ambrym, West Ambrym, South Ambrym
Paama Island: Southeast Ambrym, Paamese
Epi Island: Lewo, Lamen, Bierebo, Baki
Epi Island: Mkir, Bieria
Shepherd–Efate area
Shepherd Islands: Nakanamanga (Nguna); Namakir
Efate Island: South Efate
François (2015)
The following list of 19 Central Vanuatu languages (excluding the Malakula languages) is from François (2015:18–21).
Additionally, the extinct Sowa language was formerly spoken in central Vanuatu.
References
.
Southern Oceanic languages
Languages of Vanuatu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captopril%20challenge%20test
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The captopril challenge test (CCT) is a non-invasive medical test that measures the change in renin plasma-levels in response to administration of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used to assist in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. It is not generally considered a useful test for children, and more suitable options are available for adult cases.
Procedure
Plasma concentration of renin is measured prior to and following the administration of captopril. The CCT is considered positive if the renin levels increase substantially or the baseline renin level is abnormally high. An abnormal captopril test is indicative of the presence of renovascular disease.
In adults
CCT in adults is known to have high sensitivity, but a low specificity.
Subtraction angiography is considered a more suitable test for renal artery stenosis in adults.
See also
Captopril suppression test - used to diagnose primary aldosteronism
References
Blood tests
Dynamic endocrine function tests
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20Women%27s%20Field%20Hockey%20Olympic%20Qualifier
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The 1991 Women's Field Hockey Olympic Qualifier was held in Auckland, New Zealand with twelve teams took part in the competition.
Results
Preliminary round
Pool A
Pool B
Classification round
Ninth to twelfth place classification
Fifth to eighth place classification
First to fourth place classification
Final standings
References
1991
1991 in women's field hockey
field hockey
1991 Women's Field Hockey Olympic Qualifier
Qualification
Field hockey
Sport in Auckland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20repeater
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A cellular repeater (also known as cell phone signal booster or cell phone signal amplifier) is a type of bi-directional amplifier used to improve cell phone reception. A cellular repeater system commonly consists of a donor antenna that receives and transmits signal from nearby cell towers, coaxial cables, a signal amplifier, and an indoor rebroadcast antenna.
Common components
Donor antenna
A "donor antenna" is typically installed by a window or on the roof a building and used to communicate back to a nearby cell tower. A donor antenna can be any of several types, but is usually directional or omnidirectional. An omnidirectional antenna (which broadcast in all directions) is typically used for a repeater system that amplify coverage for all cellular carriers. A directional antenna is used when a particular tower or carrier needs to be isolated for improvement. The use of a highly directional antenna can help improve the donor's signal-to-noise ratio, thus improving the quality of signal redistributed inside a building.
Indoor antenna
Some cellular repeater systems can also include an omnidirectional antenna for rebroadcasting the signal indoors. Depending on attenuation from obstacles, the advantage of using an omnidirectional antenna is that the signal will be equally distributed in all directions.
Motor vehicle antenna
When it is raining and the motor vehicle windows are closed a cell phone could lose between 50% and 100% of its reception. To rectify the receptio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliken%E2%80%93Taylor%20theorem
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In mathematics, the Milliken–Taylor theorem in combinatorics is a generalization of both Ramsey's theorem and Hindman's theorem. It is named after Keith Milliken and Alan D. Taylor.
Let denote the set of finite subsets of , and define a partial order on by α<β if and only if max α<min β. Given a sequence of integers and , let
Let denote the k-element subsets of a set S. The Milliken–Taylor theorem says that for any finite partition , there exist some and a sequence such that .
For each , call an MTk set. Then, alternatively, the Milliken–Taylor theorem asserts that the collection of MTk sets is partition regular for each k.
References
.
.
Ramsey theory
Theorems in discrete mathematics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartz%20space
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In mathematics, Schwartz space is the function space of all functions whose derivatives are rapidly decreasing. This space has the important property that the Fourier transform is an automorphism on this space. This property enables one, by duality, to define the Fourier transform for elements in the dual space of , particulary, for tempered distributions. A function in the Schwartz space is sometimes called a Schwartz function.
Schwartz space is named after French mathematician Laurent Schwartz.
Definition
Let be the set of non-negative integers, and for any , let be the n-fold Cartesian product. The Schwartz space or space of rapidly decreasing functions on is the function spacewhere is the function space of smooth functions from into , and Here, denotes the supremum, and we used multi-index notation, i.e. and .
To put common language to this definition, one could consider a rapidly decreasing function as essentially a function such that , , , ... all exist everywhere on and go to zero as faster than any reciprocal power of . In particular, (, ) is a subspace of the function space (, ) of smooth functions from into .
Examples of functions in the Schwartz space
If α is a multi-index, and a is a positive real number, then
Any smooth function f with compact support is in S(Rn). This is clear since any derivative of f is continuous and supported in the support of f, so (xαDβ) f has a maximum in Rn by the extreme value theorem.
Because the Schwartz space
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis%20theorem
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Basis theorem can refer to:
Basis theorem (computability), a type of theorem in computability theory showing that sets from particular classes must have elements of particular kinds.
Hilbert's basis theorem, in algebraic geometry, says that a polynomial ring over a Noetherian ring is Noetherian.
Low basis theorem, a particular theorem in computability theory.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noncoherent%20STC
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Non-coherent space time codes are a way of transmitting data in wireless communications.
In this multiple antenna scheme, it is assumed that the receiver only has knowledge of the statistics of channel.
Non-coherent space-time transmission schemes were proposed by Tom Marzetta and Bertrand Hochwald in 1999, but these schemes are complex in terms of implementation.
References
Data transmission
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P450-containing%20systems
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Any enzyme system that includes cytochrome P450 protein or domain can be called a P450-containing system.
P450 enzymes usually function as a terminal oxidase in multicomponent electron-transfer chains, called P450-containing monooxygenase systems, although self-sufficient, non-monooxygenase P450s have been also described. All known P450-containing monooxygenase systems share common structural and functional domain architecture. Apart from the cytochrome itself, these systems contain one or more fundamental redox domains: FAD-containing flavoprotein or domain, FMN domain, ferredoxin and cytochrome b5. These ubiquitous redox domains, in various combinations, are widely distributed in biological systems. FMN domain, ferredoxin or cytochrome b5 transfer electrons between the flavin reductase (protein or domain) and P450. While P450-containing systems are found throughout all kingdoms of life, some organisms lack one or more of these redox domains.
FR/Fd/P450 systems
Mitochondrial and some bacterial P450 systems employ soluble Fe2S2 ferredoxins (Fd) that act as single electron carriers between FAD-containing ferredoxin reductase (FR) and P450. In mitochondrial monooxygenase systems, adrenodoxin functions as a soluble electron carrier between NADPH:adrenodoxin reductase and several membrane-bound P450s (CYP11A, CYP11B, CYP27). In bacteria, putidaredoxin, terpredoxin, and rhodocoxin serve as electron carriers between corresponding NADH-dependent ferredoxin reductases and soluble
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex%20pipeline
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The function of the vertex pipeline in any GPU is to take geometry data (usually supplied as vector points), work with it if needed with either fixed function processes (earlier DirectX), or a vertex shader program (later DirectX), and create all of the 3D data points in a scene to a 2D plane for display on a computer monitor.
It is possible to eliminate unneeded data from going through the rendering pipeline to cut out extraneous work (called view volume clipping and backface culling). After the vertex engine is done working with the geometry, all the 2D calculated data is sent to the pixel engine for further processing such as texturing and fragment shading.
As of DirectX 9c, the vertex processor is able to do the following by programming the vertex processing under the Direct X API:
Displacement mapping
Geometry blending
Higher-order primitives
Point sprites
Matrix stacks
External links
Anandtech Article
3D computer graphics
Graphics standards
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Evans%20Hoyle
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Dr William Evans Hoyle FRSE (28 January 1855 – 7 February 1926) was a British zoologist. A specialist in deep sea creatures, he worked on classification and illustrations from the Challenger expedition from 1882 to 1888.
Life
Hoyle was born in Manchester, the son of William Jennings Hoyle, an engraver.
He was educated at Owens College and at Exeter College and Christ Church, Oxford where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 1877, Master of Arts in 1882 and a Doctor of Science, he was also Member of the Royal College of Surgeons.
He was the Director of the Manchester Museum from 1889 to 1909 and then was the first director of the National Museum of Wales from 1909 up to his retirement in 1926. Trained as a medical anatomist, Hoyle is most famous for his monographic studies on cephalopods from major exploring expeditions of his era including the Challenger, the Albatross, the British National Antarctic Expedition and the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.
In 1883 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir John Murray, Morrison Watson, John Gray McKendrick and James Cossar Ewart.
Hoyle authored many first descriptions of cephalopods, including (but not limited to) those tabled below.
In 1906 he served as President of the Museums Association of Great Britain.
He died in Porthcawl in Wales on 7 February 1926.
Family
He married twice: firstly in 1883 to Edith Isabel Sharp (d.1916); secondly in 1918 to Mrs Florence Ethel Mabel Hallett
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Muchnick
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Steven Stanley Muchnick (1945-2020) was a noted computer science researcher, best known as author of the 1997 treatise on compilers, "Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation."
Background
In 1974, Muchnick was awarded a PhD in computer science from Cornell University. After graduation, he became a professor at the University of Kansas, located in Lawrence, Kansas. During his tenure at that institution, he wrote several research papers, many of which were published in the Journal of the ACM.
Muchnick eventually departed from his teaching profession. He then went on to apply his knowledge of compilers as a vital member of the teams that developed two computer architectures — PA-RISC at Hewlett-Packard and SPARC at Sun Microsystems.
Upon completion of the initial work on each architecture, he served as the leader of the advanced compiler design and implementation groups for these systems.
Later Muchnick became involved in the prevention of HIV infections. In 2010 he was a member of the San Francisco HIV Prevention Planning Center.
References
Cornell University alumni
University of Kansas faculty
American computer scientists
Living people
Hewlett-Packard people
Sun Microsystems people
1945 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent%20pupillary%20membrane
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Persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) is a condition of the eye involving remnants of a fetal membrane that persist as strands of tissue crossing the pupil. The pupillary membrane in mammals exists in the fetus as a source of blood supply for the lens. It normally atrophies from the time of birth to the age of four to eight weeks. PPM occurs when this atrophy is incomplete. It generally does not cause any symptoms. The strands can connect to the cornea or lens, but most commonly to other parts of the iris. Attachment to the cornea can cause small corneal opacities, while attachment to the lens can cause small cataracts. Using topical atropine to dilate the pupil may help break down PPMs.
In dogs, PPM is inherited in the Basenji but can occur in other breeds such as the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Chow Chow, Mastiff, and English Cocker Spaniel. It can also be observed in cats, horses, and cattle.
References
External links
Dog diseases
Disorders of iris and ciliary body
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle%20cell%20trait
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Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele (is homozygous). Those who are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele produce both normal and abnormal hemoglobin (the two alleles are codominant with respect to the actual concentration of hemoglobin in the circulating cells).
Sickle cell disease is a blood disorder wherein there is a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein of the red blood cells, which causes these cells to assume a sickle shape, especially when under low oxygen tension. Sickling and sickle cell disease also confer some resistance to malaria parasitization of red blood cells, so that individuals with sickle-cell trait (heterozygotes) have a selective advantage in environments where malaria is present.
Symptoms and signs
Sickle cell trait is a hemoglobin genotype AS and is generally regarded as a benign condition. However, individuals with sickle cell trait may have rare complications. For example, in November 2010, Dr. Jeffery K. Taubenberger of the National Institutes of Health discovered the earliest proof of sickle-cell disease while looking for the virus of the 1918 flu during the autopsy of an African-American soldier. Taubenberger's autopsy results showed that the soldier had had a sickle-cell crisis that contributed to his death even
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptomycin
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Leptomycins are secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces spp.
Leptomycin B (LMB) was originally discovered as a potent antifungal compound. Leptomycin B was found to cause cell elongation of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Since then this elongation effect has been used for the bioassay of leptomycin. However, recent data shows that leptomycin causes G1 cell cycle arrest in mammalian cells and is a potent anti-tumor agent against murine experimental tumors in combination therapy.
Leptomycin B has been shown to be a potent and specific nuclear export inhibitor in humans and the fission yeast S. pombe. Leptomycin B alkylates and inhibits CRM1 (chromosomal region maintenance)/exportin 1 (), a protein required for nuclear export of proteins containing a nuclear export sequence (NES), by glycosylating a cysteine residue (cysteine 529 in S. pombe). In addition to antifungal and antibacterial activities, leptomycin B blocks the cell cycle and is a potent anti-tumor agent. At low nM concentrations, leptomycin B blocks the nuclear export of many proteins including HIV-1 Rev, MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB/IκB, and it inhibits the inactivation of p53. Leptomycin B also inhibits the export and translation of many RNAs, including COX-2 and c-Fos mRNAs, by inhibiting the export of ribonucleoproteins.
Leptomycin A (LPA) was discovered together with LMB. LMB is twice as potent as LPA.
See also
Selective inhibitor of nuclear export
References
External links
Original data
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroWorlds
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MicroWorlds is a program that uses the Logo programming language to teach language, mathematics, programming, and robotics concepts in primary and secondary education. It features an object in the shape of a turtle that can be given commands to move around the screen drawing shapes, creating animations, and playing games. The program's use of Logo is part of a large set of dialects and implementations created by Seymour Papert aimed at triggering the development of abstract ideas by children through experimentation. MicroWorlds is developed by Logo Computer Systems Inc. (LCSI) and released for Windows and Mac computers.
Release History
The precursors to MicroWorlds were the programs Apple Logo, Atari Logo, and LogoWriter released by LCSI for the Macintosh, Atari 8-bit family, and IBM Personal Computer in the 1980s. The first version to bear the MicroWorlds name was released in 1993 for DOS and Mac called MicroWorlds Project Builder. Two modules were released to accompany the software called "Math Links" and "Language Arts."
MicroWorlds 2.0 was released in 1996 for Windows 95 and in 1998 for Mac. Modules for weather and plants were released in 1997, as well as an internet browser plugin to view projects in Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator without the full software installed. Spanish and Portuguese editions were released under the name MicroMundos.
MicroWorlds Pro, an advanced version intended for high school students, was released in 1999 for Windows 95/98/NT and i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20White
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Norman White (born January 7, 1938, San Antonio Texas) Canadian New Media artist considered to be a pioneer in the use of electronic technology and robotics in art.
Life
White was born in San Antonio Texas in 1938. He grew up in and around Boston, Massachusetts, and obtained his B.A. in Biology from Harvard University in 1959. Originally planning to become a fisheries biologist, White changed his mind and decided to travel to places like New York City, San Francisco, London, and the Middle East during the 1960s.
While living in San Francisco, he worked as an electrician at Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard, and developed a fascination for electrical switching systems. In London England, 1965-1967, he began to experiment with electronics. He then moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where he began creating a series of kinetic, digital logic driven light machines. His first artwork utilizing "RTL" integrated circuits was shown in the E.A.T. sponsored group exhibition entitled "Some More Beginnings", in 1969, at the Brooklyn Museum. From 1978 to 2003. White taught classes such as "Mechanics for Real Time Sculpture" as part of the Integrated Media Program of the Ontario College of Art & Design
A retrospective of his work and influence, called Norm’s Robots and Machine Life, with works by both White and several Canadian artists he has influenced, was shown at the Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston, Ontario in 2004.
From 1992 to 2003, White was an essential force behind the OCAD
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicate
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Replicate may refer to:
Replicate (biology), the exact copy resulting from self-replication of genetic material, a cell, or an organism
Replicate (statistics), a fully repeated experiment or set of test conditions.
See also
Replication (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTC
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ACTC may refer to:
ACTC1
Stock symbol for Advanced Cell Technology
All Ceylon Tamil Congress, a Sri Lankan political party representing the Sri Lankan Tamil ethnic minority
Andhra Christian Theological College, Hyderabad, India
Apple Certified Technical Coordinator
Ashland Community and Technical College, Kentucky, US
Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera, motorsport governing body
Associated Colleges of the Twin Cities 5 liberal arts colleges in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota
Association for Core Texts and Courses
Australian Counter-Terrorism Centre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Kajiya
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James Kajiya is a pioneer in the field of computer graphics. He is perhaps best known for the development of the rendering equation.
Kajiya received his PhD from the University of Utah in 1979, was a professor at Caltech from 1979 through 1994, and is currently a researcher at Microsoft Research.
In 2002, Kajiya was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to formal and practical methods of computer image generation.
References
External links
Biography at Microsoft
Microsoft employees
University of Utah alumni
California Institute of Technology faculty
Computer graphics professionals
American computer scientists
Computer graphics researchers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie%20McGoldrick
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Edward John Paul McGoldrick (born 30 April 1965) is an Irish football coach and former professional footballer who is currently the foundation academy manager of Premier League club Crystal Palace.
As a player he was a winger and central midfielder, who played in the Football League for Northampton Town, Crystal Palace, Manchester City and Stockport County, and in the Premier League for Arsenal. He also played non-League football for Kettering Town, Nuneaton Borough and Corby Town. McGoldrick was capped for the Republic of Ireland and played in World Cup 94.
Club career
He started out at non-league side Kettering Town, but following a transfer to Nuneaton Borough he established himself as a utility player in the early 1980s. He went on to move into the Football League with Northampton Town, where he collected a Fourth Division title medal in 1987.
McGoldrick then went on to have a spell at Crystal Palace. Whilst with Palace he played in the 1988–89 Second Division playoff final. During the game he supplied the cross which set up Ian Wright's goal which secured promotion to the First Division in Palace's 4–3 aggregate victory over Blackburn Rovers. He also won a Zenith Data Systems Cup winners medal with the club in the 1990–91 season. During that season, Palace also recorded their best-ever finish of third place within the league. He did however, miss out on the club's appearance in the 1990 FA Cup final. All in all with Crystal Palace he was capped 147 times, scoring 11 g
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crystal%20Star
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The Crystal Star is a bestselling 1994 Star Wars novel written by Vonda N. McIntyre and published by Bantam Spectra. The novel is set ten years after the Battle of Endor in the Star Wars expanded universe.
Plot
Background
Jacen and Jaina Solo are now five years old, and their brother Anakin is three, all at an age where they are easily manipulated.
Summary
On Munto Codro, Jacen, Jaina and Anakin are kidnapped by a man named Hethrir. Their mother Leia Organa Solo immediately dispatches a rescue operation. Meanwhile, Leia's husband Han Solo and brother Luke Skywalker go to Crseih Station on a supposed "vacation", and learn of a secret cult that influences the Crystal Star, which could possibly threaten the very existence of the galaxy.
Hethrir continues to manipulate the children for several days, as he leads the Empire Reborn, an organization looking to resurrect the Galactic Empire. Eventually, Leia and Chewbacca manage to rescue the children, but Hethrir is still connected to the events that transpire around the Crystal Star. After an intense series of events, Hethrir is killed, the Crystal Star explodes, Crseih station moves out of the area beforehand, and Luke, Leia, Han and the children are safe.
Reception
The Crystal Star was a New York Times Bestseller, and the sixth consecutive Star Wars novel to reach the bestseller list.
Critical reception was generally hostile. It was dubbed "The most derided novel in the entire Expanded Universe" in a 2013 retrospective with
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball%20%28disambiguation%29
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A snowball is a ball of snow, usually made by compacting snow with the hands.
Snowball may also refer to:
Business and finance
Snowball (finance), an "exotic" interest rate derivative
The debt-snowball method, a debt reduction strategy
Drugs
Snowball, another name for a cocaine-heroin speedball
Snowball, a cocaine party
Food and drink
Snowball (cocktail), an alcoholic mixed drink
An alternate name for snow cone; a treat of shaved ice & sugar syrup
Sno-ball, Baltimore version of the snow cone
Sno Balls, Hostess-brand confection
Tunnock's Snowball, a British sweet snack
Media, arts, and entertainment
Dances
Snowball (school dance), a regional U.S. term for a type of school dance where females invite males (similar to a Sadie Hawkins dance)
Film
Snowball (1960 film), a British crime film
Snowball (1995 film), an Italian family adventure film
Snowball (2020 film), a South Korean drama film
Private Snowball, a nickname given to an African-American recruit in the film Full Metal Jacket (1987)
Snowball, the nickname of the character Willam Black from Kevin Smith's film Clerks and the Mallrats films
Snowball, a rabbit in the animated film The Secret Life of Pets
Games
Snowball (1983), a text adventure in the Silicon Dreams trilogy by Level 9 Computing
Literature and publications
The Snowball (children's novel), a children's fantasy novel by Barbara Sleigh
Snowball (Animal Farm), a character in George Orwell's political satire Animal Farm
The Snowball: Wa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishwasher%20salt
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Dishwasher salt is a particular grade of granulated, crystalline sodium chloride intended for regenerating the water softener circuit of household or industrial dishwashers. Analogous to water softener salt, dishwasher salt regenerates ion exchange resins, expelling the therein trapped calcium and magnesium ions that characterize hard water. Dishwater salt granules are larger than those of table salt. The granule size ensures that the salt dissolves slowly, and that fine particles do not block the softener unit.
Dishwasher salt is unsuitable for cooking as it is not considered food grade and therefore may contain toxic elements.
In some countries, especially those in Europe, dishwashers include a built-in water softener that removes calcium and magnesium ions from the water. Dishwasher salt, which is coarse-grained sodium chloride (table salt), is used to regenerate the resin in the built-in ion-exchange system. The coarse grains prevent it from clogging the softener unit. Unlike certain types of salt used for culinary purposes, it does not contain added anticaking agents or magnesium salts. The presence of magnesium salts will defeat the purpose of removing magnesium from the water softener. Anticaking agents may lead to clogging or may contain magnesium. Table salt may contain added iodine in the form of sodium iodide or potassium iodide. These compounds will not affect the ion-exchange system, but adding table salt to the dishwasher's water softening unit can damage it.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20speed%20optimization
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Train speed optimization, also known as Zuglaufoptimierung, is a system that reduces the need for trains to brake and accelerate, resulting in smoother and more efficient operation.
While train speed optimization needs some technical infrastructure, it is more of an operational concept than a technical installation. One can relatively easily implement train speed optimization using for instance cab signalling (e.g. using ETCS), but the presence of a cab signalling system does not necessarily mean that it uses train speed optimization. Train speed optimization may also be implemented using conventional signalling.
Conventional signal operation
Usually, trains are allowed to run at the maximum speed the track allows until the distant signal of next occupied block. This is inefficient in many cases, because this way the train comes to a halt in front of the red signal and has to accelerate again from zero.
Advantages using train speed optimization
If the train slows down much earlier, given the right timing, it reaches the distant signal just when the home signal switches to green, and so does not need to stop. Thus, wear on the brakes is reduced and the train uses less energy. But the main reason, especially for trains that accelerate slowly, is that the train passes the home signal at high speed, compared to the conventional case where the train often has to accelerate from standstill. This effectively increases track capacity, because the time it takes for the train to run
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20logic%20%28digital%20electronics%29
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In integrated circuit design, dynamic logic (or sometimes clocked logic) is a design methodology in combinational logic circuits, particularly those implemented in metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology. It is distinguished from the so-called static logic by exploiting temporary storage of information in stray and gate capacitances. It was popular in the 1970s and has seen a recent resurgence in the design of high-speed digital electronics, particularly central processing units (CPUs). Dynamic logic circuits are usually faster than static counterparts and require less surface area, but are more difficult to design. Dynamic logic has a higher average rate of voltage transitions than static logic, but the capacitive loads being transitioned are smaller so the overall power consumption of dynamic logic may be higher or lower depending on various tradeoffs. When referring to a particular logic family, the dynamic adjective usually suffices to distinguish the design methodology, e.g. dynamic CMOS or dynamic SOI design.
Besides its use of dynamic state storage via voltages on capacitances, dynamic logic is distinguished from so-called static logic in that dynamic logic uses a clock signal in its implementation of combinational logic. The usual use of a clock signal is to synchronize transitions in sequential logic circuits. For most implementations of combinational logic, a clock signal is not even needed. The static/dynamic terminology used to refer to combinatorial circ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biconjugate%20gradient%20method
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In mathematics, more specifically in numerical linear algebra, the biconjugate gradient method is an algorithm to solve systems of linear equations
Unlike the conjugate gradient method, this algorithm does not require the matrix to be self-adjoint, but instead one needs to perform multiplications by the conjugate transpose .
The Algorithm
Choose initial guess , two other vectors and and a preconditioner
for do
In the above formulation, the computed and satisfy
and thus are the respective residuals corresponding to and , as approximate solutions to the systems
is the adjoint, and is the complex conjugate.
Unpreconditioned version of the algorithm
Choose initial guess ,
for do
Discussion
The biconjugate gradient method is numerically unstable (compare to the biconjugate gradient stabilized method), but very important from a theoretical point of view. Define the iteration steps by
where using the related projection
with
These related projections may be iterated themselves as
A relation to Quasi-Newton methods is given by and , where
The new directions
are then orthogonal to the residuals:
which themselves satisfy
where .
The biconjugate gradient method now makes a special choice and uses the setting
With this particular choice, explicit evaluations of and are avoided, and the algorithm takes the form stated above.
Properties
If is self-adjoint, and , then , , and the conjugate gradient method produces the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HHV%20Infected%20Cell%20Polypeptide%200
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Human Herpes Virus (HHV) Infected Cell Polypeptide 0 (ICP0) is a protein, encoded by the DNA of herpes viruses. It is produced by herpes viruses during the earliest stage of infection, when the virus has recently entered the host cell; this stage is known as the immediate-early or α ("alpha") phase of viral gene expression. During these early stages of infection, ICP0 protein is synthesized and transported to the nucleus of the infected host cell. Here, ICP0 promotes transcription from viral genes, disrupts structures in the nucleus known as nuclear dots or promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, and alters the expression of host and viral genes in combination with a neuron specific protein. At later stages of cellular infection, ICP0 relocates to the cell cytoplasm to be incorporated into new virion particles.
History and background
ICP0 was identified as an immediate-early polypeptide product of Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection in 1976. The gene, in HSV-1, from which ICP0 is produced is known as HSV-1 α0 ("alpha zero"), Immediate Early (IE) gene 1, or simply as the HSV-1 ICP0 gene. The HSV-1 ICP0 gene was characterized and sequenced in 1986. This sequence predicted a 775 amino acid sequence with a molecular weight of 78.5 KDa. At the time of gene isolation, ICP0 was known as IE110 as gel electrophoresis experiments performed prior to obtaining the gene sequence indicated the ICP0 protein weighed 110 kDa. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal%20lighter%20fluid
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Charcoal lighter fluid is a flammable fluid used to accelerate the ignition of charcoal in a barbecue grill. It can either be petroleum based (e.g., mineral spirits) or alcohol based (usually methanol or ethanol). It can be used both with lump charcoal and briquettes. Lighter-fluid infused briquettes, that eliminate the need for separate application of lighter fluid, are available. The use of lighter fluid is somewhat controversial as the substance is combustible, harmful or fatal if swallowed, and may impart an unpleasant flavor to food cooked upon fires lit with it.
The sale of petroleum-based charcoal lighter fluid is regulated in some jurisdictions due to its potential to cause photochemical smog through evaporation of its volatile organic compounds. The South Coast Air Quality Management District requires that all charcoal lighter fluids sold in its jurisdiction (essentially Southern California) meet the air quality standards set forth in District Rule 1174. Common substitutes to aid in the starting of charcoal fires are chimney and electric fire starters.
In former Soviet countries, the alcohol-based lighter fluid is sometimes consumed as a surrogate alcohol among very poor alcoholics because of its cheap price compared to vodka, just as it is with Troynoy Eau de Cologne. Lighter fluid is poisonous and should never be consumed.
Charcoal lighter fluid, known as LF-1, was used in the Pratt & Whitney J57 engine, which powered the Lockheed U-2 aircraft. With an additive
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangam%20landscape
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The Sangam landscape (Tamil: அகத்திணை "inner classification") is the name given to a poetic device that was characteristic of love poetry in classical Tamil Sangam literature. The core of the device was the categorisation of poems into different tiṇais or modes, depending on the nature, location, mood and type of relationship represented by the poem. Each tiṇai was closely associated with a particular landscape, and imagery associated with that landscape—its flowers, trees, wildlife, people, climate and geography—was woven into the poem in such a way as to convey a mood, associated with one aspect of a romantic relationship.
Symbolism
Classical Tamil love poetry assigns the human experiences it describes, and in particular the subjective topics that those experiences relate to, to specific habitats. Every situation in the poems is described using themes in which the time, the place and the floral symbols of each episode are codified. These codifications are used as symbols to imply a socio-economic order, occupations and behaviour patterns, which, in turn, are symbolized, by specific flora and fauna. Details of secondary aspects are just as rigidly codified—the seasons, the hour a god, musical instruments and, above all, the sentimental connotations of each landscape: lovers' meetings, patient waiting, lovers' quarrels, separation, and the anxiously awaited return.
Geographical and non-geographical thinais
Under this codification, the inner universe associated with love
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dark%20Crystal%20%28video%20game%29
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Hi-Res Adventure #6: The Dark Crystal is a graphic adventure game based on Jim Henson's 1982 fantasy film, The Dark Crystal. The game was designed by Roberta Williams and was the first Hi-Res Adventure directly released under the SierraVenture label in 1983. Versions were published for the Apple II and Atari 8-bit family. An alternate version of the game intended for younger players called Gelfling Adventure was released in 1984.
Development
It took Roberta Williams a little over a month to develop the design for the game, which was then turned over to programmers and artists.
Reception
Softline in 1983 wrote that "In a way, it's better than the movie", stating The Dark Crystal "thin story that failed to serve the movie well is comparatively top-drawer material in the game" and calling the graphics "delightful". The game received a Certificate of Merit in the category of "1984 Best Computer Adventure" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards.
In a 1983 review of the Atari 8-bit version for Hi-Res magazine, Mark S. Murley found the game too clearly linear and disliked having to swap between three disks. He wrote:
Reviews
Jeux & Stratégie #21
References
External links
The Sierra Help Pages
Official free re-creation of the game
1983 video games
Adventure games
Apple II games
Atari 8-bit family games
ScummVM-supported games
Sierra Entertainment games
The Dark Crystal
Video games based on films
Video games set on fictional planets
Video games developed in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Simmons%20%28artist%29
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Don Simmons (Born 1973 in St. John's, Newfoundland) is a Canadian experimental artist and writer whose work materializes itself as robotics, electronics, audio, installation and performance.
Simmons' work addresses problematic concepts like the automation and the psychological effects of simulated processes. He often treats the body as a machine and tool for collecting data/information. Simmons will create situations for 'false' emotional states to occur in the audience, in turn questioning the reality of simulated emotions. His work has also dealt with scatological, littoral, and tactical art practices. He also exhibits collaboratively as the Tactical Art Coalition, EMMAX and the Work group.
Simmons has participated in exhibitions internationally, including exhibitions at the Walter Phillips Gallery, Banff, curated by Jim Drobnick, the College for Creative Studies, Detroit, curated by Melanie Manos, Video In Studios, Vancouver, as a part of the Signal & Noise Festival, and at EMMEDIA, Calgary. His performative installation called 'One Month' at the Truck Gallery, Calgary, involved several clown/drag queen hybrids performing during gallery hours. The clown/drag queen hybrids would wander the gallery in depressed mood avoiding the gallery's visitors.
Other past exhibitions have included Western Front, Vancouver, curated Victoria Singh & Velveeta Krisp for That 70's Ho Performance Series, Galerie SAW Gallery, Ottawa, curated by Jason & Stefan St-Laurent for SCATALOGUE: 30
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleckstrin%20homology%20domain
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Pleckstrin homology domain (PH domain) or (PHIP) is a protein domain of approximately 120 amino acids that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.
This domain can bind phosphatidylinositol lipids within biological membranes (such as phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate), and proteins such as the βγ-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and protein kinase C. Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways.
Lipid binding specificity
Individual PH domains possess specificities for phosphoinositides phosphorylated at different sites within the inositol ring, e.g., some bind phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate but not phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate or phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate, while others may possess the requisite affinity. This is important because it makes the recruitment of different PH domain containing proteins sensitive to the activities of enzymes that either phosphorylate or dephosphorylate these sites on the inositol ring, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase or PTEN, respectively. Thus, such enzymes exert a part of their effect on cell function by modulating the localization of downstream signaling proteins that possess PH domains
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement%20protein
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In order for a virus to infect a plant, it must be able to move between cells so it can spread throughout the plant. Plant cell walls make this moving/spreading quite difficult and therefore, for this to occur, movement proteins must be present. A movement protein (MP) is a specific virus-encoded protein that is considered to be a general feature of plant genomes. They allow for local and systemic viral spread throughout a plant. MPs were first studied in the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) where it was found that viruses were unable to spread without the presence of a specific protein. In general, the plant viruses first, move within the cell from replication sites to the plasmodesmata (PD). Then, the virus is able to go through the PD and spread to other cells. This process is controlled through MPs. Different MPs use different mechanisms and pathways to regulate this spread of some viruses. Nearly all plants express at least one MP, while some can encode many different MPs which help with cell to cell viral transmission. They serve to increase the size exclusion limits (SEL) of plasmodesmata to allow for greater spread of the virus.
Plant viral movement protein regulation
Viral MPs can undergo some sort of regulation. They can be phosphorylated by plant protein kinases which can inactivate the viral MPs and provide an avenue for post-translational modification and regulation of viral movement. Phosphorylation also can assist in regulating viral infectivity. Plasmodesmata fu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty%20sella%20syndrome
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Empty sella syndrome is the condition when the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, filling the sella turcica with cerebrospinal fluid instead of the normal pituitary. It can be discovered as part of the diagnostic workup of pituitary disorders, or as an incidental finding when imaging the brain.
Signs and symptoms
If there are symptoms, people with empty sella syndrome can have headaches and vision loss. Additional symptoms would be associated with hypopituitarism.
Additional symptoms are as follows:
Abnormality of the middle ear ossicles
Cryptorchidism
Dolichocephaly
Arnold-Chiari type I malformation
Meningocele
Patent ductus arteriosus
Muscular hypotonia
Platybasia
Cause
The cause of this condition is divided into primary and secondary, as follows:
The cause of this condition in terms of secondary empty sella syndrome happens when a tumor or surgery damages the gland, this is an acquired manner of the condition.
patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension will have empty sella on MRI
The cause of primary empty sella syndrome is a congenital defect (diaphragma sellae)
Mechanism
The normal mechanism of the pituitary gland sees that it controls the hormonal system, which therefore has an effect on growth, sexual development, and adrenocortical function. The gland is divided into anterior and posterior.
Its pathophysiology is such that individuals affected with the condition can have cerebrospinal fluid build-up, which in turn causes intracrani
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Jeffrey
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Richard Carl Jeffrey (August 5, 1926 – November 9, 2002) was an American philosopher, logician, and probability theorist. He is best known for developing and championing the philosophy of radical probabilism and the associated heuristic of probability kinematics, also known as Jeffrey conditioning.
Life and career
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Jeffrey served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. As a graduate student he studied under Rudolf Carnap and Carl Hempel. He received his M.A. from the University of Chicago in 1952 and his Ph.D. from Princeton in 1957. After holding academic positions at MIT, City College of New York, Stanford University, and the University of Pennsylvania, he joined the faculty of Princeton in 1974 and became a professor emeritus there in 1999. He was also a visiting professor at the University of California, Irvine.
Jeffrey, who died of lung cancer at the age of 76, was known for his sense of humor, which often came through in his breezy writing style. In the preface of his posthumously published Subjective Probability, he refers to himself as "a fond foolish old fart dying of a surfeit of Pall Malls".
Philosophical work
As a philosopher, Jeffrey specialized in epistemology and decision theory. He is perhaps best known for defending and developing the Bayesian approach to probability.
Jeffrey also wrote, or co-wrote, two widely used and influential logic textbooks: Formal Logic: Its Scope and Limits, a basic introduction to logic, and Computabi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properdin
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Properdin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFP (complement factor properdin) gene.
Properdin is plasma glycoprotein that activates the complement system of the innate immune system. This protein binds to bacterial cell walls and dying human cells to stabilize the C3 and C5-convertase enzyme complexes to form an attack complex that lead to the lysis of the cell.
Structure
Properdin is a gamma globulin protein composed of multiple identical protein subunits with a separate ligand-binding site. Native properdin occurs in head-to-tail dimers, trimers and tetramers in the fixed ratio 22:52:28.
Function
It is known that it participates in some specific immune responses. It plays a part in tissue inflammation as well as the engulfing of pathogens by phagocytes. In addition it is known to help to neutralize some viruses.
The properdin promotes the association of C3b with Factor B and provides a focal point for the assembly of C3bBb on a surface. It binds to preformed alternative pathway C3-convertases. Properdin also inhibits the Factor H – mediated cleavage of C3b by Factor I.
The alternative pathway is not dependent on antibodies. This branch of the complement system is activated by IgA immune complexes and bacterial endotoxins, polysaccharides, and cell walls, and results in producing anaphylatoxins, opsonins, chemotactic factors, and the membrane attack complex, all of which help fight pathogens.
History
Properdin was discovered in 1954 by Dr. Louis Pillemer o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial%20motor%20nucleus
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The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). These lower motor neurons innervate the muscles of facial expression and the stapedius.
Structure
The nucleus is situated in the caudal portion of the ventrolateral pontine tegmentum. Its axons take an unusual course, traveling dorsally and looping around the abducens nucleus, then traveling ventrally to exit the ventral pons medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These axons form the motor component of the facial nerve, with parasympathetic and sensory components forming the intermediate nerve.
The nucleus has a dorsal and ventral region, with neurons in the dorsal region innervating muscles of the upper face and neurons in the ventral region innervating muscles of the lower face.
Function
Because it innervates muscles derived from pharyngeal arches, the facial motor nucleus is considered part of the special visceral efferent (SVE) cell column, which also includes the trigeminal motor nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, and (arguably) the spinal accessory nucleus.
Cortical input
Like all lower motor neurons, cells of the facial motor nucleus receive cortical input from the primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the brain. Upper motor neurons of the cortex send axons that descend through the internal capsule and synapse on neurons in the facial motor nucleus. This pathway from the cortex to the brainstem is called the corticobulbar tract.
The neurons in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selector%20technique
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The selector technique is a method to amplify and multiplex genomic DNA.
Process
Genomic DNA is digested with restriction enzymes, circularized by hybridisation to selectors and subsequently attached to a vector sequence by ligation. The procedure results in circular DNA molecules with an included general primer pair motif that can be used for amplification by PCR or RCA.
Selector construct
A selector consists of two oligonucleotides, one Vector oligonucleotide and one Selector probe. Together they form one Selector with target specific ends on each side of a general primer motif.
Selection mechanisms
A selector probe hybridizes with both ends of the selected target.
A selector probe hybridizes with one end to the 3’ end of the target and the other end to an internal sequence of the target. The protruding 5' end is cleaved off using Taq polymerase.
Publications
Demonstration of the selector method
The PieceMaker software for designing selector experiments
DNA
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck%20hepatitis%20B%20virus
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Duck hepatitis B virus, abbreviated DHBV, is part of the genus Avihepadnavirus of the Hepadnaviridae, and is the causal agent of duck hepatitis B.
DHBV is a small DNA virus with a diameter of 40–45 nm. The viral envelope is made up from host cell lipid, with viral surface antigens (DHBsAg). The icosahedral nucleocapsid within, is composed of the virus core antigen (DHBcAg) and surrounds the DNA genome and viral polymerase. The viral genome is a circular double stranded DNA molecule about 3000 base pairs long. The genome has three overlapping open reading frames or ORFs:
C-ORF – encoding the core antigen and pre-core protein which are processed and secreted as DHBcAg
S-ORF – codes for the surface antigen DHBsAg
P-ORF – encoding the viral polymerase.
On binding and entry of the virus to the host cell, the genome is transported to the nucleus to be transcribed. Novel viral RNA is then transferred to the cytoplasm for translation and subsequent protein synthesis.
Duck hepatitis B virus has provided a basis for the use of vaccines and prophylactic treatments for individuals at high risk of human Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The virus has also provided as a useful animal model in the absence of one from the HBV, and as scaffold for the development of chimeric virus-like particles.
References
Hepadnaviridae
Animal viral diseases
Hepatitis B virus
Poultry diseases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padimate%20A
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Padimate A is an organic compound that is an ingredient in some sunscreens. It is an ester derivative of PABA. This aromatic chemical absorbs ultraviolet rays thereby preventing sunburn. However, its chemical structure and behaviour is similar to an industrial free radical generator. In Europe this chemical was withdrawn in 1989 for unstated reasons.
In the US it was never approved for use in sunscreens.
Photobiology
The photobiological properties of padimate O and padimate A resemble that of Michler's ketone. These compounds have been shown to increase the lethal effects of UV-radiation on cells. This photochemistry is relevant to the sunscreen controversy.
See also
Padimate O, a related sunscreen ingredient
References
4-Aminobenzoate esters
Sunscreening agents
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization%20%28love%29
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Crystallization is a concept, developed in 1822 by the French writer Stendhal, which describes the process, or mental metamorphosis, in which unattractive characteristics of a new love are transformed into perceptual diamonds of shimmering beauty. According to a quotation by Stendhal: What I call 'crystallization' is the operation of the mind that draws from all that presents itself the discovery that the loved object has some new perfections.
Origin of term
In the summer of 1818 Stendhal took a trip to the salt mines of Hallein near Salzburg with his friend and associate Madame Gherardi. Here they discovered the phenomenon of salt “crystallization” and used it as a metaphor for human relationships.
"In the salt mines, nearing the end of the winter season, the miners will throw a leafless wintry bough into one of the abandoned workings. Two or three months later, through the effects of the waters saturated with salt which soak the bough and then let it dry as they recede, the miners find it covered with a shining deposit of crystals. The tiniest twigs no bigger than a tom-tit’s claw are encrusted with an infinity of little crystals scintillating and dazzling. The original little bough is no longer recognizable; it has become a child’s plaything very pretty to see. When the sun is shining and the air is perfectly dry the miners of Hallein seize the opportunity of offering these diamond-studded boughs to travellers preparing to go down to the mine."
Story behind term
Al
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LINC%204GL
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LINC ("Logic and Information Network Compiler") is a fourth-generation programming language, used mostly on Unisys computer systems.
Background
LINC was originally developed as a short-cut (or template) by two programmers to reproduce and automate the production of computer applications for different companies, that had similar requirements and specifications. The requirements were similar, because the companies followed a common, generic, business model.
That is, these businesses dealt with "commodities", or "parts", or "suppliers", or "customers" (named "components" in LINC terminology). These were "manufactured", or "assembled", or "purchased", or "sold" (actions termed "events" in LINC terminology).
These components and events were the "interface specifications" or "ispecs" and contained the database definitions, screen designs, and business rules of the application system.
LIRC (Logic and Information Report Compiler) was part of LINC and was developed to allow the programmer to produce reports (e.g. "purchase orders", "invoices", "credit notes", "consignment notes", "bills of sale"). The information in these reports were accessed by using various user-defined views of these components and events called "profiles".
Because reports run as a separate task (as a separate thread of execution) they could also be written to run as a background process; that is, it could put itself to sleep for a period of time or until woken, to perform some processing, then put itself to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark%20national%20football%20team%20records%20and%20statistics
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The Denmark national football team statistics show the accomplishments of the players and coaches of the Danish men's ever since the controlling organ of the team, the Danish Football Association (DBU), started registering official games at the 1908 Summer Olympics.
Key
Most appearances
The 25 most capped players for Denmark are:
* denotes members of the 1992 European Championship-winning team.
Goalscorers
Top goalscorers
With 52 goals, Poul "Tist" Nielsen is currently the men's number one goalscorer in Danish football history. The players with 10 goals or more for Denmark are:
denotes members of the 1992 European Championship-winning team.
Highest goal average
Only people with at least five goals have been included.
Team captains
The ten players with the most caps as Danish team captains are:
Players still playing or available for selection are in bold. * denotes members of the 1992 European Championship-winning team.
Cards
As of 29 March 2015, the caution and sending-off statistics are:
Cautions
Players still playing or available for selection are in bold. * denotes members of the 1992 European Championship-winning team.
Sending-offs
Players still playing or available for selection are in bold. * denotes members of the 1992 European Championship-winning team.
Managers
The management statistics are:
Note that the Denmark national football team has not had a designated team manager for every match.
Matches
Note that Average points per game is calculated
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic%20kidney%20disease
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Cystic kidney disease refers to a wide range of hereditary, developmental, and acquired conditions and with the inclusion of neoplasms with cystic changes, over 40 classifications and subtypes have been identified. Depending on the disease classification, the presentation may be at birth, or much later into adult life. Cystic disease may involve one or both kidneys and may, or may not, occur in the presence of other anomalies. A higher incidence is found in males and prevalence increases with age. Renal cysts have been reported in more than 50% of patients over the age of 50. Typically, cysts grow up to 2.88 mm annually and may cause related pain and/or hemorrhage.
Of the cystic kidney diseases, the most common is polycystic kidney disease with two sub-types: the less prevalent autosomal recessive and more prevalent autosomal dominant. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is primarily diagnosed in infants and young children while autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is most often diagnosed in adulthood.
Another example of cystic kidney disease is Medullary sponge kidney.
Types
More cystic kidney diseases
Cystic kidney disease includes various conditions related to the formation of cysts in one or both kidneys. The most common subset is polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic anomaly with two subsets, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Consequently, cau
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified%20Sports%20Classification%20System%20of%20the%20USSR%20and%20Russia
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Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR () is a document which provided general Soviet physical education system requirements for both athletes and coaches.
Several Warsaw Pact states developed their own versions of the system. Russia, other post-Soviet republics, and allied states have continued their own versions of the system.
Athletes
The classification was established in 1935 and was based on separate classifications, which existed for several sports disciplines before. Starting in 1949, it was revised every four years, the period, which corresponded to the Olympic cycle, to reflect new standards for the physical training. The document contained test standards, principles and conditions, necessary for the conferment of sports ranks and titles, for all sports, cultivated in the USSR.
As of the 1970s, there were following ranks for athletes of the USSR (listed in descending order of value):
Merited Master of Sport of the USSR, (, abbreviated as "змс", sometimes translated as Honoured Master of Sport of the USSR), equates to international champion who has made valuable contributions to the sport
Master of Sport of the USSR, International Class (; abbreviated as "мсмк"), equates to international champion
Master of Sport of the USSR (; abbreviated as "мс"), equates to national champion
Candidate for Master of Sport of the USSR (; abbreviated as "кмс"), equates to nationally ranked player
First-Class Sportsman (), equates to regional champion
Second-Class Sportsman
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrite%20%28disambiguation%29
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Dendrite derives from the Greek word "dendron" meaning ( "tree-like"), and may refer to:
Biology
Dendrite, a branched projection of a neuron
Dendrite (non-neuronal), branching projections of certain skin cells and immune cells
Physical
Dendrite (metal), a characteristic tree-like structure of crystals growing as molten metal freezes
Dendrite (mathematics), a locally connected continuum that contains no simple closed curves
Dendrite (crystal), a crystal that develops with a typical multi-branching tree-like form
Dendrimer, a repetitively branched molecule
Software
Dendrite (matrix), a server for the matrix protocol written in Go
Brand
Dendrite (adhesive), a brand of contact cement from India and South Asia
See also
Dendroid (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal%20rule
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In calculus, the reciprocal rule gives the derivative of the reciprocal of a function f in terms of the derivative of f. The reciprocal rule can be used to show that the power rule holds for negative exponents if it has already been established for positive exponents. Also, one can readily deduce the quotient rule from the reciprocal rule and the product rule.
The reciprocal rule states that if f is differentiable at a point x and f(x) ≠ 0 then g(x) = 1/f(x) is also differentiable at x and
Proof
This proof relies on the premise that is differentiable at and on the theorem that is then also necessarily continuous there. Applying the definition of the derivative of at with gives
The limit of this product exists and is equal to the product of the existing limits of its factors:
Because of the differentiability of at the first limit equals and because of and the continuity of at the second limit thus yielding
A weak reciprocal rule that follows algebraically from the product rule
It may be argued that since
an application of the product rule says that
and this may be algebraically rearranged to say
However, this fails to prove that 1/f is differentiable at x; it is valid only when differentiability of 1/f at x is already established. In that way, it is a weaker result than the reciprocal rule proved above. However, in the context of differential algebra, in which there is nothing that is not differentiable and in which derivatives are not defined by limit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz%20F-Cell
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The F-Cell is a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle developed by Daimler AG. Two different versions are known - the previous version was based on the Mercedes-Benz A-Class, and the new model is based on the Mercedes-Benz B-Class. The first generation F-Cell was introduced in 2002, and had a range of , with a top speed of . The current B-Class F-CELL has a more powerful electric motor rated at , and a range of about . This improvement in range is due in part to the B-Class's greater space for holding tanks of compressed hydrogen, higher storage pressure, as well as fuel cell technology advances. Both cars have made use of a "sandwich" design concept, aimed at maximizing room for both passengers and the propulsion components. The fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), designed by the Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (AFCC) Corporation.
There are 60 F-Cell vehicles leased to customers in the USA, Europe, Singapore and Japan.
Production
In December 2010, began its B-Class based F-Cell lease program with the first delivery to Vince Van Patten, with a further 69 to be on the roads in California by 2010.
Hydrogen storage
The 350 Bar (5000 PSI) hydrogen tanks for hydrogen storage contain enough fuel for a drive. Using 700 Bar (10000 PSI) tanks the range is extended 70% to .
Notable publicity
On May 23, 2006, Daimler announced that its fuel cell vehicle fleets had achieved a combined mileage of over 2 million kilometers (1.24 million miles).
On May 31, 2006,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Danmark%20Rundt
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The 2005 Danmark Rundt was ridden from 3 August to 7 August 2005. This edition is remembered for the complete dominance of Ivan Basso, who won 4 of the 6 stages, and the overall classification. It was the 15th edition of the men's stage race, which was established in 1985.
Stages
The total length of the race was 848.8 km.
Stage 1: Skive – Skive (210 km)
Stage 2: Viborg – Århus (185 km)
Stage 3: Århus – Vejle (185 km)
Stage 4: Assens – Odense (90 km)
Stage 5: Nyborg (13.8 km, ITT)
Stage 6: Slagelse – Frederiksberg (165 km)
Final classifications
Overall classement (yellow jersey)
Ivan Basso's average speed for the race was 42.489 km/h.
Point classement (purple jersey)
Hill classement (red-dotted jersey)
Youth classement (white jersey)
Team classement
Fighter classement
References
cyclingnews
2005
Danmark Rundt
Danmark Rundt, 2005
August 2005 sports events in Europe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20dynamic%20recrystallization
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Geometric Dynamic Recrystallization (GDR) is a recrystallization mechanism that has been proposed to occur in several alloys, particularly aluminium, at high temperatures and low strain rates. It is a variant of dynamic recrystallization.
The basic mechanism is that during deformation the grains will be increasingly flattened until the boundaries on each side are separated by only a small distance. The deformation is accompanied by the serration of the grain boundaries due to surface tension effects where they are in contact with low-angle grain boundaries belonging to sub-grains.
Eventually the points of the serrations will come into contact. Since the contacting boundaries are defects of opposite 'sign' they are able to annihilate and so reduce the total energy in the system. In effect the grain will pinch in two new grains.
The grain size is known to decrease as the applied stress is increased. However, high stresses require a high strain rate and at some point statically recrystallized grains will begin to nucleate and consume the GDRX microstructure.
There are features that are unique to GDRX:
The recrystallisation spreads throughout the specimen over a strain range (0.5-1 in Al-Mg-Mn alloys) without any change in flow stress. This is in contrast to discontinuous mechanisms where the flow stress normally decreases by ~25% as the recrystallized grains form.
GDRX results in grains that are around 3 times the sub-grain size. Statically recrystallized grains are norma
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Moir
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Richard Moir (born 1950) is an Australian former actor and editor. He is known for many Australian film roles and in the TV soap opera Prisoner (also known as Prisoner: Cell Block H) as the original character of electrician Eddie Cook. He is also well known for playing "Dad" Tony Twist in the children's comedy Round the Twist.
Personal life
In 1990, Moir was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, the degenerative effects of which gradually brought his acting career to a premature end. Moir later underwent deep brain stimulation therapy, a process covered by the 2006 documentary The Bridge At Midnight Trembles.
He was married to Julie Nihill, and they have two daughters.
Filmography
Film
27A (1974) Richard
In Search of Anna (1978) Tony
The Odd Angry Shot (1979) Medic
The Chain Reaction (1980) Jr. Const. Pigott
Heatwave (1982) Stephen West
Sweet Dreamers (1982) Will Daniels
Running On Empty (1982) Fox
Going Down (1982) Hotel night manager
The Plains of Heaven (1982) Barker
With Prejudice (1983) Middleton
Wrong World (1985) David Trueman
An Indecent Obsession (1985) Luce Daggett
The Long Way Home (1985, TV Movie) Bob
Jilted (1987) Al
Minnamurra (1989) Bill Thompson
Isabelle Eberhardt (1991) Lt. Comte
Deadly (1991) Willie the Pathologist
Welcome to Woop Woop (1997) Reggie
Joey (1997) School Teacher
Television
The Restless Years (1978) Curley
Prisoner (part of the original cast in 1979) Eddie Cook
Players in the Gallery (1980, TV movie) David
Bellamy (1981)
1915 (1982) Rev. Fox
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain%20growth
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In materials science, grain growth is the increase in size of grains (crystallites) in a material at high temperature. This occurs when recovery and recrystallisation are complete and further reduction in the internal energy can only be achieved by reducing the total area of grain boundary. The term is commonly used in metallurgy but is also used in reference to ceramics and minerals. The behaviors of grain growth is analogous to the coarsening behaviors of grains, which implied that both of grain growth and coarsening may be dominated by the same physical mechanism.
Importance of grain growth
The practical performances of polycrystalline materials are strongly affected by the formed microstructure inside, which is mostly dominated by grain growth behaviors. For example, most materials exhibit the Hall–Petch effect at room-temperature and so display a higher yield stress when the grain size is reduced (assuming abnormal grain growth has not taken place). At high temperatures the opposite is true since the open, disordered nature of grain boundaries means that vacancies can diffuse more rapidly down boundaries leading to more rapid Coble creep. Since boundaries are regions of high energy they make excellent sites for the nucleation of precipitates and other second-phases e.g. Mg–Si–Cu phases in some aluminium alloys or martensite platlets in steel. Depending on the second phase in question this may have positive or negative effects.
Rules of grain growth
Grain growth has lon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganocephale
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Ferganocephale is a dubious genus of neornithischian dinosaur. It was from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita of Kyrgyzstan. The type and only species is F. adenticulatum.
Classification
Ferganocephale was originally classified in the group Pachycephalosauridae. It would then be one of the oldest known pachycephalosaurids. Robert M. Sullivan however, in 2006 disputed the pachycephalosaur classification, finding "few of the features [...] are characteristic of pachycephalosaur teeth," citing the lack of serrations on the teeth, and concludes the specimens are "too incomplete for identification". He considers the taxon a nomen dubium, and a non-pachycephalosaurid ornithischian.
Discovery and naming
The type species, Ferganocephale adenticulatum, was first described by Averianov, Martin, and Bakirov in 2005, and is based solely on teeth from the Balabansai Svita in Fergana Valley, Kyrgyzstan, dating to the Callovian. The holotype is ZIN PH 34/42, an adult unworn tooth. The type species is Ferganocephale adenticulatum. The genus name combines the name of location it was found with the Greek kephale, "head", a reference to the presumed pachycephalosaurian affinities. The specific name means "without tooth serrations".
See also
Timeline of pachycephalosaur research
References
Ornithischian genera
Middle Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia
Fossils of Kyrgyzstan
Fossil taxa described in 2005
Nomina dubia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal%20motor%20nucleus
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The trigeminal motor nucleus contains motor neurons that innervate muscles of the first branchial arch, namely the muscles of mastication, the tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric. It is situated in the upper pons, inferior to the lateral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle.
Lesion
The trigeminal motor nucleus forms the efferent pathway of the jaw jerk reflex. Since the axons involved in this reflex do not decussate, a lesion involving the trigeminal motor nucleus would cause ipsilateral hemiparesis.
References
External links
Washington University
Cranial nerve nuclei
Trigeminal nerve
Pons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor%20X%20deficiency
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Factor X deficiency (X as Roman numeral ten) is a bleeding disorder characterized by a lack in the production of factor X (FX), an enzyme protein that causes blood to clot in the coagulation cascade. Produced in the liver FX when activated cleaves prothrombin to generate thrombin in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. This process is vitamin K dependent and enhanced by activated factor V.
The condition may be inherited or, more commonly, acquired.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms may differ greatly, as apparently modifiers control to some degree the amount of FX that is produced. Some affected individuals have few or no symptoms while others may experience life-threatening bleeding. Typically this bleeding disorder manifests itself as a tendency to easy bruising, nose bleeding, heavy and prolonged menstruation and bleeding during pregnancy and childbirth, and excessive bleeding after dental or surgical interventions. Newborns may bleed in the head, from the umbilicus, or excessively after circumcision. Other bleeding can be encountered in muscles or joints, brain, gut, or urine
While in congenital disease symptoms may be present at birth or show up later, in patients with acquired FX deficiency symptoms typically show up in later life.
Causes
Inherited or congenital FX deficiency is passed on by autosomal recessive inheritance. A person needs to inherit a defective gene from both parents. People who have only one defective gene usually do not exhibit the disease, but can
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitudinal%20gradients%20in%20species%20diversity
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Species richness, or biodiversity, increases from the poles to the tropics for a wide variety of terrestrial and marine organisms, often referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient. The latitudinal diversity gradient is one of the most widely recognized patterns in ecology. It has been observed to varying degrees in Earth's past. A parallel trend has been found with elevation (elevational diversity gradient), though this is less well-studied.
Explaining the latitudinal diversity gradient has been called one of the great contemporary challenges of biogeography and macroecology (Willig et al. 2003, Pimm and Brown 2004, Cardillo et al. 2005). The question "What determines patterns of species diversity?" was among the 25 key research themes for the future identified in 125th Anniversary issue of Science (July 2005). There is a lack of consensus among ecologists about the mechanisms underlying the pattern, and many hypotheses have been proposed and debated. A recent review noted that among the many conundrums associated with the latitudinal diversity gradient (or latitudinal biodiversity gradient) the causal relationship between rates of molecular evolution and speciation has yet to be demonstrated.
Understanding the global distribution of biodiversity is one of the most significant objectives for ecologists and biogeographers. Beyond purely scientific goals and satisfying curiosity, this understanding is essential for applied issues of major concern to humankind, such a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor%20VII%20deficiency
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Factor VII deficiency is a bleeding disorder characterized by a lack in the production of Factor VII (FVII) (proconvertin), a protein that causes blood to clot in the coagulation cascade. After a trauma factor VII initiates the process of coagulation in conjunction with tissue factor (TF/factor III) in the extrinsic pathway.
The condition may be inherited or acquired. It is the most common of the rare congenital coagulation disorders.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms may differ greatly, as apparently modifiers control to some degree the amount of FVII that is produced. Some affected individuals have few or no symptoms while others may experience life-threatening bleeding. Typically this bleeding disorder manifests itself as a tendency to easy bruising, nose bleeding, heavy and prolonged menstruation, and excessive bleeding after dental or surgical interventions. Newborns may bleed in the head, from the umbilicus, or excessively after circumcision. Other bleeding can be encountered in the gut, in muscles or joints, or the brain. Hematuria may occur.
While in congenital disease symptoms may be present at birth or show up later, in patients with acquired FVII deficiency symptoms typically show up in later life.
About 3-4% of patients with FVII deficiency may also experience thrombotic episodes.
Causes
Inherited or congenital FVII deficiency is passed on by autosomal recessive inheritance. A person needs to inherit a defective gene from both parents. People who have only one de
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20N.%20Hall
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Robert Noel Hall (December 25, 1919 – November 7, 2016) was an American engineer and applied physicist. He demonstrated the first semiconductor laser and invented a type of magnetron commonly used in microwave ovens. He also contributed to the development of rectifiers for power transmission.
Biography
Robert N. Hall was born on December 25, 1919, in New Haven, Connecticut. He was first inspired by his inventor uncle, who showed him the wonders of small inventions and experimentation. After long studies at his local library, Hall decided to attempt controlled experiments of his own with his mother's approval. He built an 8-inch telescope, which produced a close-up view of Saturn. Later on, an interviewer from the California Institute of Technology visited him and offered a scholarship to attend the university. Hall studied there for three years but had to leave for financial reasons. After working at Lockheed Aircraft as a tester, he returned to Caltech to finish up his studies and obtain his physics degree. Then General Electric hired him as a test engineer at Schenectady, NY. After four years at G.E., under the advice of Harper North, Hall obtained a Research Council Fellowship and returned to Caltech. He graduated in 1948 with his Ph.D. and returned to G.E. Schenectady research labs that summer.
While at G.E. during World War II, he developed a magnetron for radar jamming, which led to the development of the microwave oven.
While studying the characteristics of p-i-n di
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosts%E2%80%A6%20of%20the%20Civil%20Dead
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Ghosts... of the Civil Dead is a 1988 Australian drama-suspense film directed by John Hillcoat. It was written by Hillcoat, Evan English, Gene Conkie, Nick Cave and Hugo Race. It is partly based on the true story of Jack Henry Abbott.
Synopsis
The story is set in Central Industrial Prison, a privately run maximum security prison in the middle of the Australian desert. An outbreak of violence within the prison has resulted in a total lockdown. A committee is appointed by the prison's governors to investigate the cause of the outbreak, but their findings are in stark contrast to the facts behind the riot.
It is revealed that both the prisoners and the guards are slowly and deliberately brutalised, manipulated and provoked into the forthcoming eruption of violence by the government and the private company that runs the prison, in order to justify the construction of a new and more "secure" facility.
Production
The script was based on the book In the Belly of the Beast by Jack Henry Abbott and research done with David Hale, a former prison guard at Marion, Illinois. The film was shot at a disused aircraft factory in Melbourne in October and November.
Origin of title
In Roman law, a person convicted of a crime where the punishment included loss of their legal rights as a person was civiliter mortuus, a person without civil rights.
Reception
Accolades
Legacy
The spoken line "Welcome to Central Industrial. We are the future" has been sampled by Future Sound of London in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin%20receptor%201B
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Vasopressin V1b receptor (V1BR) also known as vasopressin 3 receptor (VPR3) or antidiuretic hormone receptor 1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AVPR1B (arginine vasopressin receptor 1B) gene.
V1BR acts as a receptor for vasopressin. AVPR1B belongs to the subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which stimulate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. It is a major contributor to homeostasis and the control of water, glucose, and salts in the blood. Arginine vasopressin has four receptors, each of which are located in different tissues and have specific functions. AVPR1b is a G protein-coupled pituitary receptor that has only recently been characterized because of its rarity.
It has been found that the 420-amino-acid sequence of the AVPR1B receptor shared the most overall similarities with the AVP1A, AVP2 and oxytocin receptors. AVPR1B maps to chromosome region 1q32 and is a member of the vasopressin/oxytocin family subfamily.
Tissue distribution
AVPR1B was initially described as a novel vasopressin receptor located in the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates ACTH release. Subsequent studies have shown that it is also present in the brain and some peripheral tissues.
Clinical significance
Behavioral
Inactivation of the Avpr1b gene in mice (knockout) produces mice with greatly reduced aggression and a reduced ability to recognize recently investigated mice. Defensive behaviour and predatory behav
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin%20receptor%202
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Vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R), or arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (officially called AVPR2), is a protein that acts as receptor for vasopressin. AVPR2 belongs to the subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Its activity is mediated by the Gs type of G proteins, which stimulate adenylate cyclase.
AVPR2 is expressed in the kidney tubule, predominantly in the membrane of cells of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, in fetal lung tissue and lung cancer, the last two being associated with alternative splicing. AVPR2 is also expressed outside the kidney in vascular endothelium. Stimulation causes the release of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII from the endothelial cells. Because von Willebrand factor helps stabilize circulating levels of factor VIII, the vasopressin analog desmopressin can be used to stimulate the AVPR2 receptor and increase levels of circulating factor VIII. This is useful in the treatment of hemophilia A as well as Von Willebrand disease.
In the kidney, AVPR2's primary property is to respond to arginine vasopressin by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the urine and maintain water homeostasis in the organism. When the function of AVPR2 is lost, the disease nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) results.
Antagonists
Vasopressin receptor antagonists that are selective for the V2 receptor include:
Tolvaptan (FDA-approved)
Lixivaptan
Mozavaptan
Satavaptan
Their main uses are in hyponatremia, such as that caused by syndrome of inapprop
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20issues%20in%20Turkey
|
Turkey hosts more than three thousand endemic plant species, has high diversity of other taxa, and is almost entirely covered by three of the world's thirty-five biodiversity hotspots. Although some environmental pressures have been decoupled from economic growth the environment still faces many threats, such as coal and diesel fuel emitting greenhouse gases and deadly fine particulate air pollution. there is no fine particulate limit and coal in Turkey is subsidized. Some say the country is a pollution haven.
Issues
Conservation of biodiversity
The wildlife of Turkey is diverse, due to its wide variety of habitats and unique position between three continents and three seas. "Ill-considered development projects are threatening biodiversity, but a new wildlife corridor offers hope for further conservation progress." Turkish montane forests face major threats to their genetic diversity associated with over-exploitation, forest fragmentation, air pollution, and global climatic change.
The European Environment Agency has identified three biogeographic regions in Turkey, the Black Sea, Mediterranean and Anatolian regions, which should be protected under the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, to which Turkey is signatory.
Forest in Turkey had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.39/10, ranking it 75th globally out of 172 countries.
Air pollution
Air pollution is particularly significant in urban areas; the prob
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTV4
|
PTV4 (Paikallistelevisio) was a Finnish television channel which operated from 1990 to 1997. It was originally launched on the HTV cable network (now part of DNA Welho) under the name of PTV, which was later changed to PTV4 in 1996 when it was bought by the Sanoma Group. It was the predecessor of the modern Finnish TV channel Nelonen which was launched June 1, 1997.
Programs
Illan päätteeksi Timo T.A. (talk show hosted by Timo T. A. Mikkonen)
Murder, She Wrote
Paikallisuutiset (local news)
Star Trek: The Next Generation
Onnenportaat (a game show)
Softa
DuckTales
Santa Barbara
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers
The Incredible Hulk
Paalupaikka (Motorsport magazine)
Defunct television channels in Finland
1990 establishments in Finland
1997 disestablishments in Finland
Television channels and stations established in 1990
Television channels and stations disestablished in 1997
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid%20body
|
An asteroid body is a microscopic finding seen within the giant cells of granulomas in diseases such as sarcoidosis and foreign-body giant cell reactions.
There is controversy about their composition. Traditionally, they were thought to be cytoskeletal elements and to consist primarily of vimentin. However, more recent research suggested that that was incorrect and that they may be composed of lipids arranged into bilayer membranes.
They were also once thought to be related to centrioles, an organelle involved in cell division in eukaryotes.
See also
Asteroid
Centriole
Schaumann body
Granulomatous diseases
Sarcoidosis
Additional images
References
Histopathology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchysis%20scintillans
|
Synchysis scintillans is a degenerative condition of the eye resulting in liquefied vitreous humor and the accumulation of cholesterol crystals within the vitreous. It is also known as cholesterolosis bulbi. The vitreous liquifies in a process known as syneresis. Synchysis scintillans appears as small white floaters that freely move in the posterior part of the eye, giving a snow globe effect. It is most commonly seen in eyes that have suffered from a degenerative disease and are end-stage.
The condition is seen rarely. Associated with the advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy, but the exact pathogenesis is unknown.
The condition is symptomless and untreatable. In ophthalmoscopic examination it appears as small, flat, yellow, highly refractive crystals of cholesterol floating freely in the vitreous. These will settle, due to gravity, if the eye is immobilized.
References
Dog diseases
Eye diseases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemo%20iudex%20in%20causa%20sua
|
Nemo judex in causa sua (also written as , , or ) is a Latin brocard that translates as "no one is judge in their own case". Originating from Roman law, it was crystallized into a phrase by Edward Coke in the 17th century and is now widely regarded as a fundamental tenet of natural justice and constitutionalism. It states that no one can judge a case in which they have an interest. In some jurisdictions, the principle is strictly enforced to avoid any appearance of bias, even when there is none: as Lord Chief Justice Hewart laid down in Rex v. Sussex Justices, "Justice must not only be done, but must also be seen to be done".
History
The Latin brocard has its origins in the Roman legal tradition and is codified within the Corpus Juris Civilis. In 376 AD, an imperial decree established the principle that "no one shall decide his own case or interpret the law for himself" () (Code 3.5.1). Additionally, the Digest records Julianus's statement that "it is unfair for someone to be the judge of their own affairs" () (Digest 5.1.15-17).
From these Roman sources, the principle has endured into modern times and can be traced in Martin Luther's 1526 work Whether Soldiers, Too, Can Be Saved (, meaning "no one should be their own judge"), in Ulrich Zwingli's In Exodum (1527) in Jean Bodin's The Six Books of the Republic (1576) and in Hobbes's Leviathan (1651) ("And seeing every man is presumed to do all things in order to his own benefit, no man is a fit Arbitrator in his own cause"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessite
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Hessite is a mineral form of disilver telluride (Ag2Te). It is a soft, dark grey telluride mineral which forms monoclinic crystals.
It is named after Germain Henri Hess (1802–1850).
Hessite is found in the US in Eagle County, Colorado and in Calaveras County, California and in many other locations.
Stützite (Ag7Te4) and empressite (AgTe) are related silver telluride minerals.
References
Silver minerals
Telluride minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Minerals described in 1843
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum%20management
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Spectrum management is the process of regulating the use of radio frequencies to promote efficient use and gain a net social benefit. The term radio spectrum typically refers to the full frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 GHz (3 THz) that may be used for wireless communication. Increasing demand for services such as mobile telephones and many others has required changes in the philosophy of spectrum management. Demand for wireless broadband has soared due to technological innovation, such as 3G and 4G mobile services, and the rapid expansion of wireless internet services.
Since the 1930s, spectrum was assigned through administrative licensing. Limited by technology, signal interference was once considered as a major problem of spectrum use. Therefore, exclusive licensing was established to protect licensees' signals. This former practice of discrete bands licensed to groups of similar services is giving way, in many countries, to a "spectrum auction" model that is intended to speed technological innovation and improve the efficiency of spectrum use. During the experimental process of spectrum assignment, other approaches have also been carried out, namely, lotteries, unlicensed access, and privatization of spectrum.
Most recently, America has been moving toward a shared spectrum policy, whereas Europe has been pursuing an authorized shared access (ASA) licensing model. President Obama made shared spectrum the policy of the United States on 14 June 2013, following recommend
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empressite
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Empressite is a mineral form of silver telluride, AgTe.
It is a rare, grey, orthorhombic mineral with which can form compact masses, rarely as bipyramidal crystals.
Recent crystallographic analysis has confirmed that empressite is a distinct mineral with orthorhombic crystal structure, different from the hexagonal Ag5−xTe3 with which empressite has been commonly confused in mineralogy literature.
At the same time, empressite does not appear on the equilibrium Ag-Te phase diagram, and therefore it is only metastable at ambient conditions. Given infinite time, it would phase separate into pure Ag5Te3 and pure Te.
The name empressite comes from the location of its discovery – the Empress Josephine mine, Saguache County, Colorado, US. It was first described in 1914.
References
Silver minerals
Telluride minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 62
Minerals described in 1914
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LBP
|
LBP may refer to:
Sport
Liga de Baloncesto Puertorriqueña, the tier-two men’s basketball professional league in Puerto Rico.
Medicine
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein
Low back pain, a common muscle disorder
People
Lester B. Pearson, Canadian Prime Minister
Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, Indonesian politician
Organisations
Lok Bhalai Party, an Indian religional political party
Lok Biradari Prakalp, a NGO in Maharashtra, India
Other
Length between perpendiculars, a measure of a ship's length
Lebanese pound, the currency of Lebanon
LittleBigPlanet, a video game series
Local binary patterns, a type of visual descriptor
Long Banga Airport, Malaysia (by IATA code)
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceraldehyde%203-phosphate%20dehydrogenase
|
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (abbreviated GAPDH) () is an enzyme of about 37kDa that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis and thus serves to break down glucose for energy and carbon molecules. In addition to this long established metabolic function, GAPDH has recently been implicated in several non-metabolic processes, including transcription activation, initiation of apoptosis, ER to Golgi vesicle shuttling, and fast axonal, or axoplasmic transport. In sperm, a testis-specific isoenzyme GAPDHS is expressed.
Structure
Under normal cellular conditions, cytoplasmic GAPDH exists primarily as a tetramer. This form is composed of four identical 37-kDa subunits containing a single catalytic thiol group each and critical to the enzyme's catalytic function. Nuclear GAPDH has increased isoelectric point (pI) of pH 8.3–8.7. Of note, the cysteine residue C152 in the enzyme's active site is required for the induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Notably, post-translational modifications of cytoplasmic GAPDH contribute to its functions outside of glycolysis.
GAPDH is encoded by a single gene that produces a single mRNA transcript with 8 splice variants, though an isoform does exist as a separate gene that is expressed only in spermatozoa.
Reaction
Two-step conversion of G3P
The first reaction is the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) at the position-1 (in the diagram it is shown as the 4th carbon from glycolysis), in which an aldehyde is converted int
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubredoxin
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Rubredoxins are a class of low-molecular-weight iron-containing proteins found in sulfur-metabolizing bacteria and archaea. Sometimes rubredoxins are classified as iron-sulfur proteins; however, in contrast to iron-sulfur proteins, rubredoxins do not contain inorganic sulfide. Like cytochromes, ferredoxins and Rieske proteins, rubredoxins are thought to participate in electron transfer in biological systems. Recent work in bacteria and algae have led to the hypothesis that some rubredoxins may instead have a role in delivering iron to metalloproteins.
Structure
The 3-D structures of a number of rubredoxins have been solved. The fold belongs to the α+β class, with 2 α-helices and 2-3 β-strands. Rubredoxin active site contains an iron ion which is coordinated by the sulfurs of four conserved cysteine residues forming an almost regular tetrahedron. This is sometimes denoted as a [1Fe-0S] or an Fe1S0 system, in analogy to the nomenclature for iron-sulfur proteins. While the vast majority of rubredoxins are soluble, there exists a membrane-bound rubredoxin, referred to as rubredoxin A, in oxygenic photoautotrophs.
Rubredoxins perform one-electron transfer processes. The central iron atom changes between the +2 and +3 oxidation states. In both oxidation states, the metal remains high spin, which helps to minimize structural changes. The reduction potential of a rubredoxin is typically in the range +50 mV to -50 mV.
This iron-sulphur protein is an electron carrier, and it is
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantoscelus
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Gigantoscelus ("giant shin") is a dubious genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa.
Classification
It was first described by van Hoepen in 1916 on the basis of TrM 65, a distal femur from the Bushveld Sandstone Formation of South Africa. It was later synonymized with Euskelosaurus by van Heerden (1979), but was subsequently treated as a nomen dubium in the 2nd edition of the Dinosauria.
Stratigraphy
The type horizon of Gigantoscelus, the Bushveld Sandstone, was thought to be Late Triassic, but is now considered Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) in age.
References
Sauropodomorphs
Early Jurassic dinosaurs of Africa
Fossils of South Africa
Fossil taxa described in 1916
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born%20rule
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The Born rule (also called Born's rule) is a postulate of quantum mechanics which gives the probability that a measurement of a quantum system will yield a given result. In its simplest form, it states that the probability density of finding a system in a given state, when measured, is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the system's wavefunction at that state. It was formulated and published by German physicist Max Born in July, 1926.
Details
The Born rule states that if an observable corresponding to a self-adjoint operator with discrete spectrum is measured in a system with normalized wave function (see Bra–ket notation), then:
the measured result will be one of the eigenvalues of , and
the probability of measuring a given eigenvalue will equal , where is the projection onto the eigenspace of corresponding to .
(In the case where the eigenspace of corresponding to is one-dimensional and spanned by the normalized eigenvector , is equal to , so the probability is equal to . Since the complex number is known as the probability amplitude that the state vector assigns to the eigenvector , it is common to describe the Born rule as saying that probability is equal to the amplitude-squared (really the amplitude times its own complex conjugate). Equivalently, the probability can be written as .)
In the case where the spectrum of is not wholly discrete, the spectral theorem proves the existence of a certain projection-valued measure , the spectral measu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20measure
|
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, a finite measure or totally finite measure is a special measure that always takes on finite values. Among finite measures are probability measures. The finite measures are often easier to handle than more general measures and show a variety of different properties depending on the sets they are defined on.
Definition
A measure on measurable space is called a finite measure if it satisfies
By the monotonicity of measures, this implies
If is a finite measure, the measure space is called a finite measure space or a totally finite measure space.
Properties
General case
For any measurable space, the finite measures form a convex cone in the Banach space of signed measures with the total variation norm. Important subsets of the finite measures are the sub-probability measures, which form a convex subset, and the probability measures, which are the intersection of the unit sphere in the normed space of signed measures and the finite measures.
Topological spaces
If is a Hausdorff space and contains the Borel -algebra then every finite measure is also a locally finite Borel measure.
Metric spaces
If is a metric space and the is again the Borel -algebra, the weak convergence of measures can be defined. The corresponding topology is called weak topology and is the initial topology of all bounded continuous functions on . The weak topology corresponds to the weak* topology in functional analysis. If is also separable, the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue%27s%20decomposition%20theorem
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In mathematics, more precisely in measure theory, Lebesgue's decomposition theorem states that for every two σ-finite signed measures and on a measurable space there exist two σ-finite signed measures and such that:
(that is, is absolutely continuous with respect to )
(that is, and are singular).
These two measures are uniquely determined by and
Refinement
Lebesgue's decomposition theorem can be refined in a number of ways.
First, the decomposition of a regular Borel measure on the real line can be refined:
where
νcont is the absolutely continuous part
νsing is the singular continuous part
νpp is the pure point part (a discrete measure).
Second, absolutely continuous measures are classified by the Radon–Nikodym theorem, and discrete measures are easily understood. Hence (singular continuous measures aside), Lebesgue decomposition gives a very explicit description of measures. The Cantor measure (the probability measure on the real line whose cumulative distribution function is the Cantor function) is an example of a singular continuous measure.
Related concepts
Lévy–Itō decomposition
The analogous decomposition for a stochastic processes is the Lévy–Itō decomposition: given a Lévy process X, it can be decomposed as a sum of three independent Lévy processes where:
is a Brownian motion with drift, corresponding to the absolutely continuous part;
is a compound Poisson process, corresponding to the pure point part;
is a square integrable pure j
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosaurus
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Orosaurus ("mountain lizard") is a dubious genus of basal sauropodomorph from the Late Triassic of South Africa.
Classification
The holotype was discovered in 1863. It was first described by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1867 based on holotype NHMUK R1626, a proximal end of a left tibia (misidentified as a distal femur). However, Huxley declined to provide a species name. In his 1889 catalogue of fossil reptiles in the Natural History Museum in London, Richard Lydekker mistakenly considered Orosaurus preoccupied by the lizard genus Oreosaurus and coined Orinosaurus capensis for NHMUK R1626. Along with Euskelosaurus, Lydekker considered Orosaurus (Orinosaurus of his usage) to be an ornithischian dinosaur.
von Huene (1940) treated Orosaurus as a species of Euskelosaurus, as E. capensis. van Heerden (1979) considered Orosaurus a synonym of Euskelosaurus. However, Gauffre (1996) referred Orosaurus to his nomen ex dissertationae "Kholumolumosaurus" (now Kholumolumo) along with Meroktenos and Plateosauravus. Meanwhile, Orosaurus was listed as a nomen dubium in the 2nd edition of The Dinosauria.
References
Sauropodomorphs
Late Triassic dinosaurs of Africa
Fossils of South Africa
Fossil taxa described in 1867
Taxa named by Thomas Henry Huxley
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliken%27s%20tree%20theorem
|
In mathematics, Milliken's tree theorem in combinatorics is a partition theorem generalizing Ramsey's theorem to infinite trees, objects with more structure than sets.
Let T be a finitely splitting rooted tree of height ω, n a positive integer, and the collection of all strongly embedded subtrees of T of height n. In one of its simple forms, Milliken's tree theorem states that if then for some strongly embedded infinite subtree R of T, for some i ≤ r.
This immediately implies Ramsey's theorem; take the tree T to be a linear ordering on ω vertices.
Define where T ranges over finitely splitting rooted trees of height ω. Milliken's tree theorem says that not only is partition regular for each n < ω, but that the homogeneous subtree R guaranteed by the theorem is strongly embedded in T.
Strong embedding
Call T an α-tree if each branch of T has cardinality α. Define Succ(p, P)= , and to be the set of immediate successors of p in P. Suppose S is an α-tree and T is a β-tree, with 0 ≤ α ≤ β ≤ ω. S is strongly embedded in T if:
, and the partial order on S is induced from T,
if is nonmaximal in S and , then ,
there exists a strictly increasing function from to , such that
Intuitively, for S to be strongly embedded in T,
S must be a subset of T with the induced partial order
S must preserve the branching structure of T; i.e., if a nonmaximal node in S has n immediate successors in T, then it has n immediate successors in S
S preserves the level structure of T;
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xplor
|
Xplor may refer to:
Xplor International, an organization to facilitate the use of electronic documents
X-PLOR and XPLOR-NIH, protein NMR software
Xplor, a bi-monthly publication by the Missouri Department of Conservation
Xplor Park, a theme park in Cancún
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore%20classification
|
Baltimore classification is a system used to classify viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis. By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses that behave similarly as a distinct group. Seven Baltimore groups are described that take into consideration whether the viral genome is made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA), whether the genome is single- or double-stranded, and whether the sense of a single-stranded RNA genome is positive or negative.
Baltimore classification also closely corresponds to the manner of replicating the genome, so Baltimore classification is useful for grouping viruses together for both transcription and replication. Certain subjects pertaining to viruses are associated with multiple, specific Baltimore groups, such as specific forms of translation of mRNA and the host range of different types of viruses. Structural characteristics such as the shape of the viral capsid, which stores the viral genome, and the evolutionary history of viruses are not necessarily related to Baltimore groups.
Baltimore classification was created in 1971 by virologist David Baltimore. Since then, it has become common among virologists to use Baltimore classification alongside standard virus taxonomy, which is based on evolutionary history. In 2018 and 2019, Baltimore classification was partially integrated into virus taxonomy based on evidence that certain groups were descended fr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy%20%28fluid%20dynamics%29
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In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing fluid on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each edge of the obstacle, followed by a short reverse flow of fluid behind the obstacle flowing upstream, toward the back of the obstacle. This phenomenon is naturally observed behind large emergent rocks in swift-flowing rivers.
An eddy is a movement of fluid that deviates from the general flow of the fluid. An example for an eddy is a vortex which produces such deviation. However, there are other types of eddies that are not simple vortices. For example, a Rossby wave is an eddy which is an undulation that is a deviation from mean flow, but does not have the local closed streamlines of a vortex.
Swirl and eddies in engineering
The propensity of a fluid to swirl is used to promote good fuel/air mixing in internal combustion engines.
In fluid mechanics and transport phenomena, an eddy is not a property of the fluid, but a violent swirling motion caused by the position and direction of turbulent flow.
Reynolds number and turbulence
In 1883, scientist Osborne Reynolds conducted a fluid dynamics experiment involving water and dye, where he adjusted the velocities of the fluids and observed the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, characterized by the formatio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Quervain%27s%20thyroiditis
|
De Quervain's thyroiditis, also known as subacute granulomatous thyroiditis or giant cell thyroiditis, is a member of the group of thyroiditis conditions known as resolving thyroiditis. People of all ages and genders may be affected.
Presentation
Patients will experience a hyperthyroid period as the cellular lining of colloid spaces fails, allowing abundant colloid into the circulation, with neck pain and fever. Patients typically then become hypothyroid as the pituitary reduces TSH production and the inappropriately released colloid is depleted before resolving to euthyroid. The symptoms are those of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. In addition, patients may suffer from painful dysphagia. There are multi-nucleated giant cells on histology. Thyroid antibodies can be present in some cases. The clinical presentation during the hyperthyroid phase can mimic those of Diffuse Toxic Goiter or Graves' disease. In such cases, a radionuclide thyroid uptake and scan can be helpful, since subacute thyroiditis will result in decreased isotope uptake, while Graves' disease will generally result in increased uptake. Distinguishing between these two types of disease is important, since Graves' disease and Diffuse Toxic Goiter can be treated with radioiodine therapy, but subacute thyroiditis is usually self-limited and is not treated with radioiodine.
Causes
Some cases may be viral in origin, perhaps preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection. Viral causes include Coxsackie virus
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20River%20High%20School
|
Crystal River High School was built in Crystal River, Florida in 1969. It was the second of the high schools located in Citrus County. The first enrollment count was 750 students. As of 2022, it is rated #3 out of 5 in Crystal River.
The school serves the following communities: Crystal River, Homosassa, and sections of Black Diamond, Citrus Springs, Homosassa Springs, Pine Ridge, and Sugarmill Woods.
Reconstruction
In 2010, the school began a major renovation of its facilities. The first phase included a new baseball field, a new administration building with classrooms, as well as a second classroom building, both of which were constructed on the school's original baseball field. This phase of construction also included the demolition of the school's original classroom building from 1969. Phase 1 of construction was completed in August 2011.
The second phase of construction, which began shortly after the first completed, included a new Media Center, a third classroom building housing a Freshman Academy, renovations to the old Administration building to house the school's Health Academy, demolition of half of the school's other classroom building, and expansion of the school's cafeteria. As of 2022, construction has been finished for an unknown amount of time.
Spirit
Motto: Make footprints with your heart.
Mascot: Pete the Pirate.
School colors: Royal blue and gold.
Clubs: Crystal River has approximately 36 clubs and activities (not including sports).
School store:
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