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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium%20oxide
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Cadmium oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdO. It is one of the main precursors to other cadmium compounds. It crystallizes in a cubic rocksalt lattice like sodium chloride, with octahedral cation and anion centers. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral monteponite. Cadmium oxide can be found as a colorless amorphous powder or as brown or red crystals. Cadmium oxide is an n-type semiconductor with a band gap of 2.18 eV (2.31 eV) at room temperature (298 K).
Production and structure
Since cadmium compounds are often found in association with zinc ores, cadmium oxide is a common by-product of zinc refining. It is produced by burning elemental cadmium in air. Pyrolysis of other cadmium compounds, such as the nitrate or the carbonate, also affords this oxide. When pure, it is red, but CdO is unusual in being available in many differing colours due to its tendency to form defect structures resulting from anion vacancies. Cadmium oxide is prepared commercially by oxidizing cadmium vapor in air.
Uses
Cadmium oxide is used in cadmium plating baths, electrodes for storage batteries, cadmium salts, catalyst, ceramic glazes, phosphors, and nematocide. Major uses for cadmium oxide are as an ingredient for electroplating baths, optoelectronic devices, and in pigments.
Transparent conductor
CdO is used as a transparent conductive material, which was prepared as a transparent conducting film as early as 1907 by Karl Baedeker. Cadmium oxide in the form of thin films has be
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone%20H2A
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Histone H2A is one of the five main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells.
The other histone proteins are: H1, H2B, H3 and H4.
Background
Histones are proteins that package DNA into nucleosomes. Histones are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of a nucleosome. One chromatin molecule is composed of at least one of each core histones per 100 base pairs of DNA.
There are five families of histones known to date; these histones are termed H1/H5, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. H2A is considered a core histone, along with H2B, H3 and H4. Core formation first occurs through the interaction of two H2A molecules. Then, H2A forms a dimer with H2B; the core molecule is complete when H3-H4 also attaches to form a tetramer.
Sequence variants
Histone H2A is composed of non-allelic variants. The term "Histone H2A" is intentionally non-specific and refers to a variety of closely related proteins that vary often by only a few amino acids. Apart from the canonical form, notable variants include H2A.1, H2A.2, H2A.X, and H2A.Z. H2A variants can be explored using "HistoneDB with Variants" database
Changes in variant composition occur in differentiating cells. This was observed in differentiating neurons during synthesis and turnover; changes in variant composition were seen among the H2A.1 histone. The only variant that remained constant in the neural differentiation was variant H2A.Z.
H2A.Z is a variant that exchanges with conventional H2A core
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone%20H2B
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Histone H2B is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and long N-terminal and C-terminal tails, H2B is involved with the structure of the nucleosomes.
Structure
Histone H2B is a lightweight structural protein made of 126 amino acids. Many of these amino acids have a positive charge at cellular pH, which allows them to interact with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA. Along with a central globular domain, histone H2B has two flexible histone tails that extend outwards – one at the N-terminal end and one at C-terminal end. These are highly involved in condensing chromatin from the beads-on-a-string conformation to a 30-nm fiber. Similar to other histone proteins, histone H2B has a distinct histone fold that is optimized for histone-histone as well as histone-DNA interactions.
Two copies of histone H2B come together with two copies each of histone H2A, histone H3, and histone H4 to form the octamer core of the nucleosome to give structure to DNA. To facilitate this formation, histone H2B first binds to histone H2A to form a heterodimer. Two of these heterodimers then bind together with a heterotetramer made of histone H3 and histone H4, giving the nucleosome its characteristic disk shape. DNA is then wrapped around the entire nucleosome in groups of approximately 160 base pairs of DNA. The wrapping continues until all chromatin has been packaged with the nucleosomes.
Functi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Freeman
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Hans Charles Freeman AM, FAA (26 May 1929 – 9 November 2008) was a German-born Australian bioinorganic chemist, protein crystallographer, and professor of inorganic chemistry who spent most of his academic career at the University of Sydney. His best known contributions to chemistry were his work explaining the unusual structural, electrochemical, and spectroscopic properties of blue copper proteins, particularly plastocyanin. He also introduced protein crystallography to Australia and was a strong advocate for courses to ensure Australian scientists have good access to "big science" facilities. Freeman has received numerous honours, including being elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (FAA) and appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) by the Australian Government. He was a charismatic lecturer who voluntarily continued teaching well into his formal retirement and imbued his students with a love of science.
Biography
Early years and education
Hans Charles Freeman was the first and only son of Karl and Lotte Freeman and was born in Breslau in Germany in 1929 (now Wrocław, Poland). In 1938, following a tip-off from a Nazi party member, Karl decided to relocate his Jewish family to Australia. Karl brought his knowledge of detergents (a novelty in Australia at the time) to his new homeland, applying it to the problem of cleaning blood-stained blankets that would otherwise be wasted. After the war, he founded K. H. Freeman Pty Ltd, a detergent and soa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Pepper
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Sir Michael Pepper (born 10 August 1942) is a British physicist notable for his work in semiconductor nanostructures.
Early life
Pepper was born on 10 August 1942 to Morris and Ruby Pepper. He was educated at St Marylebone Grammar School, a grammar school in the City of Westminster, London that has since closed. He then went on to study physics at the University of Reading and graduated Bachelor of Science (BSc) in 1963. He remained at Reading to undertake postgraduate studies and completed his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1967.
In 1987, while an academic of the University of Cambridge, he was granted the status of Master of Arts (MA Cantab). He was awarded a higher doctorate, Doctor of Science (ScD), by Cambridge.
Career
Sir Michael was a physicist at the Plessey Research Laboratories when he formed a collaboration with Sir Nevill Mott, (Nobel Laureate, 1977) which resulted in his commencing research in the Cavendish Laboratory in 1973 on localisation in semiconductor structures. He subsequently joined the GEC Hirst Research Centre where he set up joint Cambridge-GEC projects. He was one of three authors on the paper that eventually brought a Nobel prize for the quantum Hall effect to Klaus von Klitzing. Sir Michael formed the Semiconductor Physics research group at the Cavendish Laboratory in 1984, and following a period as Royal Society Warren Research Fellow was appointed to his current role, Professorship of Physics, at the Cavendish Laboratory in 1987. In 19
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Raphael
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Ralph Alexander Raphael (1 January 1921 – 27 April 1998) was a British organic chemist, well known for his use of acteylene derivatives in the synthesis of natural products with biological activity.
Early life and education
Ralph Raphael was born in Croydon, London on New Year's Day 1921, the son of master tailor Jacob ("Jack") Raphael (1889-1978) and his wife, Lily (née Woolf; 1892-1956). He attended secondary school at Wesley College, Dublin and then Tottenham County School, where a chemistry master, Edgar Ware, introduced him to the subject that would become Raphael's lifetime passion. In 1939 he won scholarships to study at Imperial College, graduating BSc with a first-class degree in 1941 and winning the Hofmann Prize for practical chemistry.
During the Second World War both the undergraduate and PhD courses at Imperial College were of two year's duration and Raphael completed the latter in 1943. His doctoral work, aimed at the synthesis of vitamin A, was published in five collaborative papers on the chemistry of acetylenes and that topic became a hallmark of his subsequent research career.
Career
As a new PhD, Raphael was allocated to the wartime effort on the antibiotic penicillin, working from 1943 to 1946 at the May & Baker laboratories. After the war, he obtained an ICI fellowship (for 1946–1949) that allowed him to return to Imperial College to pursue independent research: an early highlight was his synthesises of penicillic acid, the major product of acid degr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsj%C3%B6
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Ramsjö () is a village in Ljusdal Municipality, Hälsingland, Gävleborg County, Sweden with about 306 inhabitants. (2004, Statistics Sweden).
References
Populated places in Ljusdal Municipality
Hälsingland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hennan
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Hennan, is a village in Ljusdal Municipality, Hälsingland, Gävleborg County, Sweden with about 227 inhabitants. (2004, Statistics Sweden).
Populated places in Ljusdal Municipality
Hälsingland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korskrogen
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Korskrogen, is a village in Ljusdal Municipality, Hälsingland, Gävleborg County, Sweden with about 202 inhabitants. (2004, Statistics Sweden).
Populated places in Ljusdal Municipality
Hälsingland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A5rb%C3%B6le
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Kårböle is a village in Ljusdal Municipality, Hälsingland, Gävleborg County, Sweden with about 134 inhabitants (2004, Statistics Sweden). The Kårböle stave church can be found here.
Populated places in Ljusdal Municipality
Hälsingland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroma
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A seroma is a pocket of clear serous fluid (filtered blood plasma). They may sometimes develop in the body after surgery, particularly after breast surgery, abdominal surgery, and reconstructive surgery. They can be diagnosed by physical signs, and with a CT scan.
Seromas can be difficult to manage. Serous fluid may leak out naturally, and a persistent leak can cause problems. Fluid can be drained, including by inserting a drain surgically. Seromas can be prevented through careful surgery, and drains can be inserted before they form. Patient posturing and position can reduce risk, as well as breast binding after breast surgery.
Etymology
Around 16th century CE, the word originated from , meaning "watery" later the meaning changed to "of, secreting, or containing serum". It is directly derived from , meaning "watery fluid, whey".
It was joined with a word-forming element from , with -o-, lengthened stem vowel + -ma suffix, especially taken in medical use as "tumor" or "morbid growth".
Classification
A seroma contains serous fluid. This is composed of blood plasma that has seeped out of ruptured small blood vessels and the inflammatory fluid produced by injured and dying cells. Seromas are different from hematomas, which contain red blood cells, and abscesses, which contain pus and result from an infection. Serous fluid is also different from lymph.
Signs and symptoms
A seroma can usually be felt as a hard mass under the skin. This may cause erythema (skin redness). They
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TetR
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Tet Repressor proteins (otherwise known as TetR) are proteins playing an important role in conferring antibiotic resistance to large categories of bacterial species.
Tetracycline (Tc) is a broad family of antibiotics to which bacteria have evolved resistance. Tc normally kills bacteria by binding to the bacterial ribosome and halting protein synthesis. The expression of Tc resistance genes is regulated by the repressor TetR. TetR represses the expression of TetA, a membrane protein that pumps out substances toxic to the bacteria like Tc, by binding the tetA operator. In Tc-resistant bacteria, TetA will pump out Tc before it can bind to the ribosome because the repressive action of TetR on TetA is halted by binding of Tc to TetR. Therefore, TetR may have an important role in helping scientists to better understand mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and how to treat antibiotic resistant bacteria. TetR is one of many proteins in the TetR protein family, which is so named because TetR is the most well characterized member.
TetR is used in artificially engineered gene regulatory networks because of its capacity for fine regulation of promoters. In the absence of Tc or analogs like ATc, basal expression of TetR-regulated promoters is low, but expression rises sharply in the presence of even a minute quantity of Tc. The tetA gene is also present in the widely used E. coli cloning vector pBR322, where it is often referred to by the name of its tetracycline-resistance phenotype,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Stevenson%20%28musician%29
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James Stevenson (born 12 October 1958) is an English punk/alternative rock guitarist, at one time a member of the Alarm, Gene Loves Jezebel, Gen X, the Cult, Holy Holy, the International Swingers and Chelsea.
Career
Stevenson started his career with the London-based punk band Chelsea in 1977, while he was still at school studying for A Level exams. He contributed to their early singles and also the first album Chelsea and second Alternative Hits.
From the late 1970s onwards, Stevenson played on the then burgeoning punk rock scene in London, featuring on the records of Henry Badowski, a former member of Chelsea, Wreckless Eric, ATV and The Damned (when they were called The Doomed), a British multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and composer, who was a member of several punk rock bands in the 1970s. Stevenson played alongside avant garde musician Aleksander Kolkowski on Henry Badowski’s post punk album, Life Is a Grand...He toured with Gen X featuring Billy Idol as its lead guitarist in 1980/1981. After Gen X broke up in early 1981 he worked with Kim Wilde, contributing to her first album, Kim Wilde, and second album, Select, and performing in all of Wilde's early videos including "Kids in America". Stevenson then formed Hot Club with former Sex Pistols bassist Glen Matlock. They released two singles on RAK Records.
In 1983, he toured as a member of Fischer Z singer John Watts' band in support of Watts' album The Iceberg Model. In 1985, he was briefly in a band formed with Gl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheney%27s%20algorithm
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Cheney's algorithm, first described in a 1970 ACM paper by C.J. Cheney, is a stop and copy method of tracing garbage collection in computer software systems. In this scheme, the heap is divided into two equal halves, only one of which is in use at any one time. Garbage collection is performed by copying live objects from one semispace (the from-space) to the other (the to-space), which then becomes the new heap. The entire old heap is then discarded in one piece. It is an improvement on the previous stop-and-copy technique.
Cheney's algorithm reclaims items as follows:
Object references on the stack. Object references on the stack are checked. One of the two following actions is taken for each object reference that points to an object in from-space:
If the object has not yet been moved to the to-space, this is done by creating an identical copy in the to-space, and then replacing the from-space version with a forwarding pointer to the to-space copy. Then update the object reference to refer to the new version in to-space.
If the object has already been moved to the to-space, simply update the reference from the forwarding pointer in from-space.
Objects in the to-space. The garbage collector examines all object references in the objects that have been migrated to the to-space, and performs one of the above two actions on the referenced objects.
Once all to-space references have been examined and updated, garbage collection is complete.
The algorithm needs no stack and o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawkinsinuria
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Hawkinsinuria is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder affecting the metabolism of tyrosine.
Normally, the breakdown of the amino acid tyrosine involves the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate by 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Complete deficiency of this enzyme would lead to tyrosinemia III. In rare cases, however, the enzyme is still able to produce the reactive intermediate 1,2-epoxyphenyl acetic acid, but is unable to convert this intermediate to homogentisate. The intermediate then spontaneously reacts with glutathione to form 2-L-cystein-S-yl-1,4-dihydroxy-cyclohex-5-en-1-yl acetic acid (hawkinsin).
Patients present with metabolic acidosis during the first year of life, and growth arrest around the time of weaning off breast milk. Treatment involves a diet containing a low amount of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Tolerance toward these amino acids normalizes as the patients get older. Then only a chlorine-like smell of the urine indicates the presence of the condition. Patients have a normal life and do not require treatment or a special diet.
The production of hawkinsin is the result of a gain-of-function mutation. Inheritance of hawkinsinuria is therefore autosomal dominant (presence of a single mutated copy of the gene causes the condition). The gene affected is the HPD gene encoding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase, on chromosome 12q24. It is unusual in that most other inborn errors of metabolism are caused by loss-of-function mutat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20Technology%20Group
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Art Technology Group (ATG) was an independent internet technology company specializing in eCommerce software and on-demand optimization applications until its acquisition by Oracle on January 5, 2011. ATG continues to be based in Cambridge, Massachusetts and operates under its own name as a subsidiary of Oracle. The company is a provider of eCommerce software and related on-demand commerce optimization applications. ATG's solutions provide merchandising, marketing, content personalization, automated recommendations, and live-help services.
Corporate history, acquisitions
1991: ATG is cofounded by Jeet Singh and Joseph "Joe" Taisup Chung, both graduates of MIT.
1991-1996: ATG delivered consulting services for building Web sites
1997-1998: ATG transitioned to a software company offering several products including an Application Server and an e-commerce platform.
1999: ATG made its initial public offering.
2000-2003: Focused on commerce applications, business tools for content management, merchandising, marketing and analytics; shift to industry standard application servers from IBM, BEA and JBoss.
2004: ATG acquired Primus Knowledge Solutions in a disputed acquisition that closed on November 1, 2004.
2005: ATG completed the integration of the Primus applications onto the ATG Web marketing and ecommerce software platform
2006: ATG acquired eStara, a provider of click to call, chat and call tracking solutions.
2008: ATG acquired privately held CleverSet; the transactio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane%20monooxygenase
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Methane monooxygenase (MMO) is an enzyme capable of oxidizing the C-H bond in methane as well as other alkanes. Methane monooxygenase belongs to the class of oxidoreductase enzymes ().
There are two forms of MMO: the well-studied soluble form (sMMO) and the particulate form (pMMO). The active site in sMMO contains a di-iron center bridged by an oxygen atom (Fe-O-Fe), whereas the active site in pMMO utilizes copper. Structures of both proteins have been determined by X-ray crystallography; however, the location and mechanism of the active site in pMMO is still poorly understood and is an area of active research.
The particulate methane monooxygenase and related ammonia monooxygenase are integral membrane proteins, occurring in methanotrophs and ammonia oxidisers, respectively, which are thought to be related. These enzymes have a relatively wide substrate specificity and can catalyse the oxidation of a range of substrates including ammonia, methane, halogenated hydrocarbons, and aromatic molecules. These enzymes are homotrimers composed of 3 subunits - A (), B () and C () and most contain two monocopper centers.
The A subunit from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) resides primarily within the membrane and consists of 7 transmembrane helices and a beta-hairpin, which interacts with the soluble region of the B subunit. A conserved glutamate residue is thought to contribute to a metal center.
Methane monooxygenases are found in methanotrophic bacteria, a class of bacteria that
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teridian%20Semiconductor
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Teridian Semiconductor Corporation (TSC) is a brand of mixed-signal ICs, primarily for energy-management markets, manufactured by Silergy Corporation, formerly owned by Maxim Integrated Products.
Products
Teridian metrology system-on-chip (SOC) solutions provide energy metering, measurement and control for the Smart Grid.
Other former Teridian products remain with Maxim Integrated, and included power-line communications, 10/100 Ethernet PHY, MAC+PHY, SFP Modules, VOIP FXO, PSTN soft modems with silicon DAA, smart-card interfaces and secure access controllers.
Brief history
The business unit has been in existence for more than thirty years.
It began as Silicon Systems of Tustin, in Tustin, CA. An unusual vision of the original business was to provide complete solutions, including analog, digital, firmware and any large-systems software and drivers. It was reorganized and sold to Texas Instruments, reorganized, then parts of the business were sold to TDK Corporation, which moved it to nearby Irvine, CA. Teridian Semiconductor was formed on April 8, 2005, in a leveraged buyout arranged by Golden Gate Capital, a venture capital firm. Maxim Integrated Products acquired Teridian Semiconductor in 2010. The Teridian energy measurement products group was sold to Silergy Corporation on March 18, 2016, with some personnel remaining with Maxim to support other products.
References
External links
Digitimes Article about Silergy's Acquisition of Teridian
Maxim announcement of acquisi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIN%2055%2C212-2
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WIN 55,212-2 is a chemical described as an aminoalkylindole derivative, which produces effects similar to those of cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) but has an entirely different chemical structure.
WIN 55,212-2 is a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist that has been found to be a potent analgesic in a rat model of neuropathic pain. It activates p42 and p44 MAP kinase via receptor-mediated signaling.
At 5 μM WIN 55,212-2 inhibits ATP production in sperm in a CB1 receptor-dependent fashion.
WIN 55,212-2, along with HU-210 and JWH-133, may prevent the inflammation caused by amyloid beta proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease, in addition to preventing cognitive impairment and loss of neuronal markers. This anti-inflammatory action is induced through agonist action at cannabinoid receptors, which prevents microglial activation that elicits the inflammation.
WIN 55,212-2 is a full agonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (Ki = 1.9 nM) and has much higher affinity than THC (Ki = 41 nM) for this receptor. WIN 55,212-2 is also an agonist of the PPARα and PPARγ nuclear receptors.
WIN 55,212-2 reduces voluntary wheel running in laboratory mice, but with effects that depend on both genetic background and sex.
In the United States, all CB1 receptor agonists of the 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole class such as WIN 55,212-2 are Schedule I Controlled Substances. WIN 55,212-2 is illegal in the UK.
WIN 55,212-2 is also a CB2 receptor agonist and thereby, like other cannabinoid CB2
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilian%20Gibbs
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Lilian Suzette Gibbs (1870–1925) was a British botanist who worked for the British Museum in London and an authority on mountain ecosystems.
Education
She studied initially at Swanley Horticultural College in Kent, UK (1899-1901) and then specialised in botany at the Royal College of Science in London, studying under J. B. Farmer. Her postgraduate research was into seeds of the Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae). While a student, she collected plants from the European Alps and developed her identification skills with help from the Botanical Department at the Natural History Museum.
Career
Gibbs was employed by the Natural History section of the British Museum in London for her entire career but also collaborated with the Herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and undertook histological and plant development work at the Royal College of Science. Expeditions between 1905 and 1915 to Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Iceland, Indonesia, Malaysia, South America, the US and Zimbabwe allowed her to see plant life worldwide, and mountain plants were her particular interest. In 1905, she was part of a British Association visit to Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and also collected plant material. She visited Fiji in 1907, and explored the flora on the northern slopes of the Mount Victoria range, and then studied the bryophyte flora of New Zealand on her way home, identifying four new species of liverwort in the Waitākere Ranges. She also reported on the destruction of the New Zealand forests to per
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-stimulation
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Co-stimulation is a secondary signal which immune cells rely on to activate an immune response in the presence of an antigen-presenting cell. In the case of T cells, two stimuli are required to fully activate their immune response. During the activation of lymphocytes, co-stimulation is often crucial to the development of an effective immune response. Co-stimulation is required in addition to the antigen-specific signal from their antigen receptors.
T cell co-stimulation
T cells require two signals to become fully activated. A first signal, which is antigen-specific, is provided through the T cell receptor (TCR) which interacts with peptide-MHC molecules on the membrane of an antigen presenting cell (APC). A second signal, the co-stimulatory signal, is antigen nonspecific and is provided by the interaction between co-stimulatory molecules expressed on the membrane of the APC and the T cell. This interaction promotes and enhances the TCR signaling, but can also be bi-directional. The co-stimulatory signal is necessary for T cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Activation of T cells without co-stimulation may lead to the unresponsiveness of the T cell (also called anergy), apoptosis or the acquisition of the immune tolerance.
The counterpart of the co-stimulatory signal is a (co-)inhibitory signal, where inhibitory molecules interact with different signaling pathways in order to arrest T cell activation. Mostly known inhibitory molecules are CTLA4 and PD1, used
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agda
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Agda may refer to:
Agda (programming language), the programming language and theorem prover
Agda (Golgafrinchan), the character in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams
Liten Agda, the heroine of a Swedish legend
Agda Montelius, a Swedish feminist
Agda Persdotter, a Swedish royal mistress of the 16th-century
Agda Rössel, a Swedish politician
Agda Östlund, a Swedish politician
Dayan Agda, a Filipino politician
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD28
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CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is one of the proteins expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival. T cell stimulation through CD28 in addition to the T-cell receptor (TCR) can provide a potent signal for the production of various interleukins (IL-6 in particular).
CD28 is the receptor for CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) proteins. When activated by Toll-like receptor ligands, the CD80 expression is upregulated in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The CD86 expression on antigen-presenting cells is constitutive (expression is independent of environmental factors).
CD28 is the only B7 receptor constitutively expressed on naive T cells. Association of the TCR of a naive T cell with MHC:antigen complex without CD28:B7 interaction results in a T cell that is anergic.
Furthermore, CD28 was also identified on bone marrow stromal cells, plasma cells, neutrophils and eosinophils, but the functional importance of CD28 on these cells is not completely understood. It is generally reported, that CD28 is expressed on 50% of CD8+ T cells and more than 80% CD4+ T cells in human, but during the course of activation some T cells lose this molecule. Some antigen-experienced T cells lose CD28 and subsequently can be re-activated without CD28 engagement. These CD28− T cells have generally been characterized as antigen specific and terminally differentiated, and are often described as being memory T cells (TMs). In addition, the level of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Long%20Wait
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The Long Wait is a 1954 American crime drama film noir directed by Victor Saville starring Anthony Quinn, Charles Coburn, Gene Evans and Peggie Castle. The film is based on the 1951 novel of the same title by Mickey Spillane. It was an independent production distributed by United Artists.
Plot
Johnny McBride is badly hurt while hitch hiking and loses his memory when the car he is riding in crashes; he also has his fingerprints burned off. Two years later, a clue leads him to his old home town, where he finds he is a murder suspect. McBride tries to clear his name of the presumed murder charges. Thugs working for the local mob boss try to end his meddling.
Cast
Anthony Quinn as Johnny McBride
Charles Coburn as Gardiner
Gene Evans as Servo
Peggie Castle as Venus
Mary Ellen Kay as Wendy Miller
Shirley Patterson as Carol Shay
Dolores Donlon as Troy Avalon
Barry Kelley as Tucker
James Millican as Police Capt. Lindsey
Bruno VeSota as Eddie Packman
Jay Adler as Joe—Bellhop
John Damler as Alan Logan
Frank Marlowe as Pop Henderson
Reception
The New York Times called it slow-paced, boring, and likely to disappoint fans of the novel.
Noir analysis
Film Noir: An Encyclopedic Reference to the American Style by Alain Silver and Elizabeth Ward writes: "The inclusion of amnesia, giving the hero a sense of hopelessness compounded by the frustration of his loss of identity, instills a distinct existential bias into McBride's search. This attitude combines with a pervading sen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMN
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LMN may refer to:
Langsomt Mot Nord, a musical group
LMN (TV channel)
Lower motor neuron
LMN Architects
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6N3P
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The 6N3P (Russian: 6Н3П) is a Russian-made direct equivalent of the 2C51 medium gain dual triode vacuum tube. It may be used as an amplifier, mixer, oscillator or multivibrator over a frequency range AF through VHF. The Russian tube is slightly larger in size than the American tube.
Basic data
(per each triode)
Uf = 6.3 V, If = 350 mA, μ = 36, Ia = 7.7 mA, S = 4.9 mA/V, Pa = 1.5 W
History of use
6N3P was widely used for FM band radio input unit stages (nearly all 1960s Soviet radios with FM band employed the same input unit on a separate sub-chassis). Currently it has found use in DIY preamps. A ruggedized/industrial version of the tube is designated 6N3P-EV (Russian: 6Н3П-ЕВ).
Chinese 6N3
eBay has proliferated with pre-amps apparently from Hong Kong that are largely populated with the 6N3, which is said to be the Chinese version of the 6N3P. The 6N3Ps are newly made (unlike the Soviet "new old stock," and the pre-amps appear to be the product of a cottage hifi industry).
See also
6N1P
6N2P
12AT7
External links
6N3P tube datasheet
2C51 tube data (NJ7P Tube Database)
DIY-Hybrid-Amplifier with russian 6N3P-Tube (in German)
Vacuum tubes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-use%20development
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Mixed use is a type of urban development, urban design, urban planning and/or a zoning classification that blends multiple uses, such as residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or entertainment, into one space, where those functions are to some degree physically and functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian connections. Mixed-use development may be applied to a single building, a block or neighborhood, or in zoning policy across an entire city or other administrative unit. These projects may be completed by a private developer, (quasi-) governmental agency, or a combination thereof. A mixed-use development may be a new construction, reuse of an existing building or brownfield site, or a combination.
Use in North America vs. Europe
Traditionally, human settlements have developed in mixed-use patterns. However, with industrialization, governmental zoning regulations were introduced to separate different functions, such as manufacturing, from residential areas. Public health concerns and the protection of property values stood as the motivation behind this separation.
In the United States, the practice of zoning for single-family residential use was instigated to safeguard communities from negative externalities, including air, noise, and light pollution, associated with heavier industrial practices. These zones were also constructed to exacerbate racial and class divisions.
The heyday of separate-use zoning in the United States came after World War II
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAIFI
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The System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) is commonly used as a reliability index by electric power utilities. SAIFI is the average number of interruptions that a customer would experience, and is calculated as
where is the failure rate and is the number of customers for location . In other words,
SAIFI is measured in units of interruptions per customer. It is usually measured over the course of a year, and according to IEEE Standard 1366-1998 the median value for North American utilities is approximately 1.10 interruptions per customer.
Sources
Electric power
Reliability indices
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial%20identity
|
Binomial identity may refer to:
Binomial theorem
Binomial type
See also
Binomial (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas%E2%80%93oil%20separation%20plant
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In the upstream oil industry, a gas–oil separation plant (GOSP) is temporary or permanent facilities that separate wellhead fluids into constituent vapor (gas) and liquid (oil and produced water) components.
Temporary plant
Temporary gas–oil separation facilities are associated with newly drilled or newly sidetracked wells where the production potential of the well is being assessed. The plant, comprising a test separator vessel, is connected to the wellhead after the choke valve. The separator allows the fluids to separate by gravity into its component phases: solids such as sand (the densest phase) settle to the bottom of the separator, then produced water and oil which are drawn separately from the base of the separator, and vapor or gas (the lightest phase) separates to the top of the separator vessel from where it is withdrawn. Each of the three fluid phases is metered to determine the relative flow-rates of the components and production potential of the well. In temporary facilities the vapor is generally flared; produced water is disposed of overboard after treatment to reduce its oil content to statutory levels; and the crude oil phase may be diverted to tote tanks for removal and treatment onshore. Alternatively, if the temporary GOSP plant is associated with a permanent production facility, the oil phase may be treated in the installation's permanent gas–oil separation plant.
Permanent plant
Permanent gas–oil separation plant is associated with permanent offshore
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Austin
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Benjamin James Austin, OAM (born 7 November 1980) is an Australian Elite Athlete with a Disability (EAD) swimmer. His classification is S8 (above elbow amputee).
Early life
Austin was born on 7 November 1980 in the New South Wales town of Wellington. He is Aboriginal via his maternal grandmother. When he was a few weeks old, doctors amputated his left arm above the elbow due to birth-related complications. Outside of swimming, he plays rugby league, rugby union, water polo and basketball. He is a university student, working on a degree that will allow him to become an English as a Second Language teacher. He is also studying kinesiology. He currently resides in Sydney, Australia. He is tall and weighs . He has four sisters.
Swimming
Austin started swimming at five years of age, and began swimming competitively in 1996. He represented Australia for the first time in 1999. While he is primarily known for being a Paralympic swimmer, he also competed in abled bodied swimming. He swims for Warringah Aquatic and is coached by Ben Davies. In 2008, he was coached by Graeme Carroll. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.
He has competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, the 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2008 Summer Paralympics. At the 2000 Games, he won a silver medal in the 200 m individual medley, and two bronze medals in the 100 m butterfly and 4x100 m medley relay events. He went into the Sydney 2000 Games ranked number one for the 200m individual medl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinomial%20logistic%20regression
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In statistics, multinomial logistic regression is a classification method that generalizes logistic regression to multiclass problems, i.e. with more than two possible discrete outcomes. That is, it is a model that is used to predict the probabilities of the different possible outcomes of a categorically distributed dependent variable, given a set of independent variables (which may be real-valued, binary-valued, categorical-valued, etc.).
Multinomial logistic regression is known by a variety of other names, including polytomous LR, multiclass LR, softmax regression, multinomial logit (mlogit), the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) classifier, and the conditional maximum entropy model.
Background
Multinomial logistic regression is used when the dependent variable in question is nominal (equivalently categorical, meaning that it falls into any one of a set of categories that cannot be ordered in any meaningful way) and for which there are more than two categories. Some examples would be:
Which major will a college student choose, given their grades, stated likes and dislikes, etc.?
Which blood type does a person have, given the results of various diagnostic tests?
In a hands-free mobile phone dialing application, which person's name was spoken, given various properties of the speech signal?
Which candidate will a person vote for, given particular demographic characteristics?
Which country will a firm locate an office in, given the characteristics of the firm and of the various cand
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martingale%20difference%20sequence
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In probability theory, a martingale difference sequence (MDS) is related to the concept of the martingale. A stochastic series X is an MDS if its expectation with respect to the past is zero. Formally, consider an adapted sequence on a probability space . is an MDS if it satisfies the following two conditions:
, and
,
for all . By construction, this implies that if is a martingale, then will be an MDS—hence the name.
The MDS is an extremely useful construct in modern probability theory because it implies much milder restrictions on the memory of the sequence than independence, yet most limit theorems that hold for an independent sequence will also hold for an MDS.
A special case of MDS, denoted as {Xt,t}0 is known as innovative sequence of Sn; where Sn and are corresponding to random walk and filtration of the random processes .
In probability theory innovation series is used to emphasize the generality of Doob representation. In signal processing the innovation series is used to introduce Kalman filter. The main differences of innovation
terminologies are in the applications. The later application aims to introduce the nuance of samples to the model by random sampling.
References
James Douglas Hamilton (1994), Time Series Analysis, Princeton University Press.
James Davidson (1994), Stochastic Limit Theory, Oxford University Press.
Martingale theory
random walk
filtration
Doob decomposition theorem
signal processing
Kalman filter
[[:Category:Innovation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed%20effects%20model
|
In statistics, a fixed effects model is a statistical model in which the model parameters are fixed or non-random quantities. This is in contrast to random effects models and mixed models in which all or some of the model parameters are random variables. In many applications including econometrics and biostatistics a fixed effects model refers to a regression model in which the group means are fixed (non-random) as opposed to a random effects model in which the group means are a random sample from a population. Generally, data can be grouped according to several observed factors. The group means could be modeled as fixed or random effects for each grouping. In a fixed effects model each group mean is a group-specific fixed quantity.
In panel data where longitudinal observations exist for the same subject, fixed effects represent the subject-specific means. In panel data analysis the term fixed effects estimator (also known as the within estimator) is used to refer to an estimator for the coefficients in the regression model including those fixed effects (one time-invariant intercept for each subject).
Qualitative description
Such models assist in controlling for omitted variable bias due to unobserved heterogeneity when this heterogeneity is constant over time. This heterogeneity can be removed from the data through differencing, for example by subtracting the group-level average over time, or by taking a first difference which will remove any time invariant components of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav%20H%C3%A1jek
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Jaroslav Hájek (; 1926–1974) was a Czech mathematician who worked in theoretical and nonparametric statistics. The Hajek projection and the Hájek–Le Cam convolution theorem are named for him (as well as collaborator Lucien Le Cam).
Life
Jaroslav Hájek studied statistical and insurance engineering at the Faculty of Special Sciences of the Czech Technical University in Prague and in 1950 he successfully completed this study by obtaining an engineering degree. In 1955 he received the title of CSc. for the paper Contributions to the theory of statistical estimation, the supervisor of this thesis was Josef Novák. In 1963, he received a D.Sc. in the same year he received his habilitation at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of Charles University, in 1966 he was entitled professor at this faculty. In 1973, he was awarded the Klement Gottwald State Prize for his work on the asymptotic theory of ordinal tests. He died at the age of 48 after a kidney transplant.
References
Further reading
External links
Czech statisticians
Czechoslovak mathematicians
1926 births
1974 deaths
Academic staff of Charles University
Czech Technical University in Prague alumni
Mathematical statisticians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tainted%20Love/Where%20Did%20Our%20Love%20Go%20EP
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Tainted Love/Where Did Our Love Go was an EP by the synthpop/new wave duo group Soft Cell.
Track listing
External links
Soft Cell Discography (exhaustive)
Soft Cell albums
1981 EPs
Sire Records EPs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-6-0%2B0-6-2
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Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of an articulated locomotive with two separate swivelling engine units, arranged back to back with the boiler and cab suspended between them. Each engine unit has two leading wheels in a leading truck, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and no trailing wheels.
The arrangement is effectively two locomotives operating back-to-back and was used on Garratt, Kitson-Meyer, and Golwé articulated locomotives.
A similar wheel arrangement exists for Mallet steam locomotives on which only the front engine unit swivels, but these are referred to as .
Overview
The 2-6-0+0-6-2 was the second Garratt type to appear after the original and was first used on the fourth through ninth Garratts to be constructed.
Usage
Australia
A group of six locomotives of gauge were constructed for the Western Australian Government Railways in 1911 as their Class M. Further locomotives for this railway included seven more Class Ms locomotives in 1912.
The Australian Portland Cement Company took delivery of two gauge locomotives in 1936 and 1939, as their no. 1 and no. 2 engines for the Fyansford Cement Works Railway. These engines replaced two Vulcan Iron Works on the mainline haul until they were later displaced by Australian Standard Garratt no. G33.
Fyansford's no. 2, by then a combination of no. 2's centre unit and no. 1's engine units, was in service until 1966, when the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20transfer%20coefficient
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In engineering, the mass transfer coefficient is a diffusion rate constant that relates the mass transfer rate, mass transfer area, and concentration change as driving force:
Where:
is the mass transfer coefficient [mol/(s·m2)/(mol/m3)], or m/s
is the mass transfer rate [mol/s]
is the effective mass transfer area [m2]
is the driving force concentration difference [mol/m3].
This can be used to quantify the mass transfer between phases, immiscible and partially miscible fluid mixtures (or between a fluid and a porous solid). Quantifying mass transfer allows for design and manufacture of separation process equipment that can meet specified requirements, estimate what will happen in real life situations (chemical spill), etc.
Mass transfer coefficients can be estimated from many different theoretical equations, correlations, and analogies that are functions of material properties, intensive properties and flow regime (laminar or turbulent flow). Selection of the most applicable model is dependent on the materials and the system, or environment, being studied.
Mass transfer coefficient units
(mol/s)/(m2·mol/m3) = m/s
Note, the units will vary based upon which units the driving force is expressed in. The driving force shown here as '' is expressed in units of moles per unit of volume, but in some cases the driving force is represented by other measures of concentration with different units. For example, the driving force may be partial pressures when dealing with mass t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive%20industry%20in%20India
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The automotive industry in India is the fourth-largest by production in the world as per 2022 statistics. As of 2023, India is the 3rd largest automobile market in the world in terms of sales. In 2022, India became the fourth largest country in the world by the valuation of its automotive industry.
, India's auto industry is worth more than US$100 billion and accounts for 8% of the country's total exports and 7.1% of India's GDP. According to the 2021 National Family Health Survey, barely 8% of Indian households own an automobile. According to government statistics, India has barely 22 automobiles per 1,000 people.
India's major automobile manufacturing companies includes Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai Motor India, Tata Motors, Ashok Leyland, Mahindra & Mahindra, Force Motors, Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited, Eicher Motors, Royal Enfield, Sonalika Tractors, Hindustan Motors, Hradyesh, ICML, Kerala Automobiles Limited, Reva, Pravaig Dynamics, Premier, Tara International and Vehicle Factory Jabalpur.
Brand
History
In 1897, the first car ran on an Indian road. Through the 1930s, cars were imports only, and in small numbers.
An embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s. Hindustan Motors was launched in 1942 building Morris products, long-time competitor Premier in 1944, building Chrysler Corporation products such as Dodge and Plymouth, and beginning in the 1960s, Fiat products. Mahindra & Mahindra was established by two brothers in 1945 and began assembly of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Bartow
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Bobby Gene Bartow (August 18, 1930 January 3, 2012) was an American men's college basketball coach. The Browning, Missouri, native coached 36 years at six universities after coaching two high schools in Missouri for six years. In 1972 Bartow coached the Puerto Rico national basketball team in the 1972 Munich Olympic Games.
High school
Bartow began his coaching at the prep level in Missouri, coaching Shelbina and St. Charles High School basketball squads to a 145–39 win–loss mark in six seasons. His 1957 St. Charles team won the state championship, defeating North Kansas City in the Class L finals by a score of 60–54.
College
Bartow coached at Central Missouri State University from 1961 to 1964, Valparaiso University from 1964 to 1970, and Memphis State University from 1970 until 1974, and he led the Memphis State Tigers to the 1973 NCAA national championship game and consecutive Missouri Valley Conference titles in the 1971–72 and 1972–73 seasons. He coached the US national team in the 1974 FIBA World Championship, winning the bronze medal.
Bartow signed a five-year contract to replace Harv Schmidt at the University of Illinois in 1974 but stayed only one year. The Fighting Illini finished tied for last in the Big Ten at 4–14 (8–18 overall) in 1975, Bartow's only season there before he broke his contract and left for UCLA. He was succeeded by Lou Henson.
UCLA
Bartow left the Midwest for Los Angeles to succeed coaching legend John Wooden as the head coach at UCLA. He led t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W50
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W50 may refer to:
W50 (nuclear warhead), a nuclear weapon
Hokusei Station, in Hokkaido, Japan
IFA W 50, an East German truck
Westerhout 50, a supernova remnant
W50, a classification in masters athletics
W50, a Toyota W transmission
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtuin
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Sirtuins are a family of signaling proteins involved in metabolic regulation. They are ancient in animal evolution and appear to possess a highly conserved structure throughout all kingdoms of life. Chemically, sirtuins are a class of proteins that possess either mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase or deacylase activity, including deacetylase, desuccinylase, demalonylase, demyristoylase and depalmitoylase activity. The name Sir2 comes from the yeast gene 'silent mating-type information regulation 2', the gene responsible for cellular regulation in yeast.
From in vitro studies, sirtuins are implicated in influencing cellular processes like aging, transcription, apoptosis, inflammation and stress resistance, as well as energy efficiency and alertness during low-calorie situations. As of 2018, there was no clinical evidence that sirtuins affect human aging.
Yeast Sir2 and some, but not all, sirtuins are protein deacetylases. Unlike other known protein deacetylases, which simply hydrolyze acetyl-lysine residues, the sirtuin-mediated deacetylation reaction couples lysine deacetylation to NAD+ hydrolysis. This hydrolysis yields O-acetyl-ADP-ribose, the deacetylated substrate and nicotinamide, which is an inhibitor of sirtuin activity itself. These proteins utilize NAD+ to maintain cellular health and turn NAD+ to nicotinamide (NAM). The dependence of sirtuins on NAD+ links their enzymatic activity directly to the energy status of the cell via the cellular NAD+:NADH ratio, the absolute le
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Hickerson
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Robert Gene Hickerson (February 15, 1935 – October 20, 2008) was an American professional football player who was an offensive guard for 15 years with the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1973. Hickerson was a six-time Pro Bowler from 1965 to 1970. He was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame on August 4, 2007.
Biography
Collegiate career
Hickerson was born in Trenton, Tennessee located in Gibson County, but played fullback at Trezevant High School in neighboring Carroll County. Hickerson became a tackle at Ole Miss. He was considered one of the best offensive linemen in Southeastern Conference history at the end of his collegiate career.
Professional career
Gene was drafted in the seventh round of the 1957 NFL Draft by the Browns. He was promptly shifted to the guard position on the offensive line in 1958 to better utilize his speed. He was used as a "messenger" guard by Coach Paul Brown, or a guard that delivered the plays in the huddle, while blocking for Hall of Famers Jim Brown, Bobby Mitchell, and Leroy Kelly. But after three seasons in the league, he broke his leg in 1961 and fractured the leg again later in the season while watching a game from the sidelines.
After missing two games in 1962, he recovered from the injury and never missed another game in his professional tenure. Hickerson only earned accolades after Jim Brown had retired and he was blocking for Leroy Kelly, but he earned first-team all-NFL hono
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillespie%20algorithm
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In probability theory, the Gillespie algorithm (or the Doob–Gillespie algorithm or Stochastic Simulation Algorithm, the SSA) generates a statistically correct trajectory (possible solution) of a stochastic equation system for which the reaction rates are known. It was created by Joseph L. Doob and others (circa 1945), presented by Dan Gillespie in 1976, and popularized in 1977 in a paper where he uses it to simulate chemical or biochemical systems of reactions efficiently and accurately using limited computational power (see stochastic simulation). As computers have become faster, the algorithm has been used to simulate increasingly complex systems. The algorithm is particularly useful for simulating reactions within cells, where the number of reagents is low and keeping track of every single reaction is computationally feasible. Mathematically, it is a variant of a dynamic Monte Carlo method and similar to the kinetic Monte Carlo methods. It is used heavily in computational systems biology.
History
The process that led to the algorithm recognizes several important steps. In 1931, Andrei Kolmogorov introduced the differential equations corresponding to the time-evolution of stochastic processes that proceed by jumps, today known as Kolmogorov equations (Markov jump process) (a simplified version is known as master equation in the natural sciences). It was William Feller, in 1940, who found the conditions under which the Kolmogorov equations admitted (proper) probabilities as
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20borohydride
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Uranium borohydride is the inorganic compound with the empirical formula U(BH4)4. Two polymeric forms are known, as well as a monomeric derivative that exists in the gas phase. Because the polymers convert to the gaseous form at mild temperatures, uranium borohydride once attracted much attention. It is solid green.
Structure
It is a homoleptic coordination complex with borohydride (also called tetrahydroborate). These anions can serve as bidentate (κ2-BH4−) bridges between two uranium atoms or as tridentate ligands (κ3-BH4−) on single uranium atoms. In the solid state, a polymeric form exists that has a 14-coordinate structure with two tridentate terminal groups and four bidentate bridging groups. Gaseous features a monomeric 12-coordinate uranium, with four κ3-BH4− ligands, which envelop the metal, conferring volatility.
Preparation
This compound was first prepared by treating uranium tetrafluoride with aluminium borohydride:
UF4 + 2 Al(BH4)3 → U(BH4)4 + 2 Al(BH4)F2
It may also be prepared by the solid-state reaction of uranium tetrachloride with lithium borohydride:
UCl4 + 4 LiBH4 → U(BH4)4 + 4 LiCl
Although solid U(BH4)4 is a polymer, it undergoes cracking, converting to the monomer.
The related methylborohydride complex U(BH3CH3)4 is monomeric as a solid and hence more volatile.
History
During the Manhattan Project, the need arose to find volatile compounds of uranium suitable for use in the diffusion separation of uranium isotopes. Uranium borohydride is, afte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eptifibatide
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Eptifibatide (Integrilin, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, also co-promoted by Schering-Plough/Essex), is an antiplatelet drug of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor class. Eptifibatide is a cyclic heptapeptide derived from a disintegrin protein () found in the venom of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri). It belongs to the class of the arginin-glycin-aspartat-mimetics and reversibly binds to platelets. Eptifibatide has a short half-life. The drug is the third inhibitor of GPIIb/IIIa that has found broad acceptance after the specific antibody abciximab and the non-peptide tirofiban entered the global market.
Indications
Eptifibatide is used to reduce the risk of acute cardiac ischemic events (death and/or myocardial infarction) in patients with unstable angina or non-ST-segment-elevation (e.g., non-Q-wave) myocardial infarction (i.e., non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes) both in patients who are to receive non surgery (conservative) medical treatment and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
The drug is usually applied together with aspirin or clopidogrel and (low molecular weight or unfractionated) heparin. Additionally, the usual supportive treatment consisting of applications of nitrates, beta-blockers, opioid analgesics and/or benzodiazepines should be employed as indicated. Angiographic evaluation and other intensive diagnostic procedures may be considered a first line task before initiating therapy with epti
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone%20methylation
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Histone methylation is a process by which methyl groups are transferred to amino acids of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, which the DNA double helix wraps around to form chromosomes. Methylation of histones can either increase or decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids in the histones are methylated, and how many methyl groups are attached. Methylation events that weaken chemical attractions between histone tails and DNA increase transcription because they enable the DNA to uncoil from nucleosomes so that transcription factor proteins and RNA polymerase can access the DNA. This process is critical for the regulation of gene expression that allows different cells to express different genes.
Function
Histone methylation, as a mechanism for modifying chromatin structure is associated with stimulation of neural pathways known to be important for formation of long-term memories and learning. Histone methylation is crucial for almost all phases of animal embryonic development.
Animal models have shown methylation and other epigenetic regulation mechanisms to be associated with conditions of aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and intellectual disability (Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability). Misregulation of H3K4, H3K27, and H4K20 are associated with cancers. This modification alters the properties of the nucleosome and affects its interactions with other proteins, particularly in regards to gene transcription processes.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol%203%2C5-bisphosphate
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Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) is one of the seven phosphoinositides found in eukaryotic cell membranes.
In quiescent cells, the PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels, typically quantified by HPLC, are the lowest amongst the constitutively present phosphoinositides. They are approximately 3 to 5-fold lower as compared to PtdIns3P and PtdIns5P (Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate) levels, and more than 100-fold lower than the abundant PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2.
PtdIns(3,5)P2 was first reported to occur in mouse fibroblasts and budding yeast S. cerevisiae in 1997.
In S. cerevisiae PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels increase dramatically during hyperosmotic shock.
The response to hyperosmotic challenge is not conserved in most tested mammalian cells except for differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes.
Metabolism
The only currently known pathway for PtdIns(3,5)P2 production is through synthesis catalyzed by the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve. Pulse-chase experiments in mouse fibroblasts reveal that PtdIns(3,5)P2 is reverted to PtdIns3P soon after its synthesis.
In mammalian cells, PtdIns(3,5)P2 is synthesized from and turned over to PtdIns3P by a unique protein complex containing two enzymes with opposite activities: the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve and the Sac1 domain-containing PtdIns(3,5)P2 5-phosphatase, Sac3/Fig4.
The two enzymes do not interact directly. Rather, they are brought together by an associated regulator of PIKfyve, called ArPIKfyve/VAC14,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuszyn
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Tuszyn is a small town in Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland, with 7,237 inhabitants (2020).
Climate
Tuszyn has a humid continental climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification).
<div style="width:70%;">
</div style>
References
External links
Official town website
Unofficial town website
Cities and towns in Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź East County
Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793)
Piotrków Governorate
Łódź Voivodeship (1919–1939)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranyl%20fluoride
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Uranyl fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula UO2F2. As shown by x-ray crystallography, the uranyl (UO22+) centers are complemented by six fluoride ligands.
This salt is very soluble in water as well as hygroscopic. It is formed in the hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride (UF6):
UF6 + 2 H2O → UO2F2 + 4 HF
References
Uranyl compounds
Metal halides
Oxyfluorides
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronidox
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Bronidox, or 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, is an antimicrobial chemical compound.
Bronidox causes inhibition of enzyme activity in bacteria.
Bronidox is corrosive to metals.
Uses
Bactericide
Fungicide, effective against yeast and other fungi
It is used in immunology for preserving antibodies and antisera in 0.1 - 0.5% concentration. It is used as preservative to avoid use of sodium azide.
Stabilizer
Surfactant
Used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as preservative for shampoos, foam bath, etc. Maximum concentration is 0.1%.
Some users do not recommend use in preparations destined for in vivo or tissue culture work
See also
Bronopol
References
Organobromides
Dioxanes
Nitro compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Simon
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Sir Francis Simon (2 July 1893 – 31 October 1956), was a German and later British physical chemist and physicist who devised the gaseous diffusion method, and confirmed its feasibility, of separating the isotope Uranium-235 and thus made a major contribution to the creation of the atomic bomb.
Early life
Born Franz Eugen Simon to a Jewish family in Berlin, Franz was the son of Ernst Simon and Anna Mendelssohn, daughter of the mathematician Philibert Mendelssohn. Two of his cousins, Kurt Mendelssohn and Heinrich Mendelssohn, were also scientists. He won the Iron Cross First Class during World War I. He received his doctoral degree from the University of Berlin, working in the research group of Walther Nernst on low-temperature physics related to the Nernst Heat Theorem, which is one statement of the Third law of thermodynamics, and is sometimes referred to as the Nernst-Simon Heat Theorem. In 1931 he was appointed Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Breslau.
Emigration
The rise of anti-Semitic fascism in Germany in the 1930s caused him and his wife to consider emigrating.
Aware of his concerns Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell met him in Walther Nernst's laboratory during Easter 1933, and invited him to join the Clarendon Laboratory at the University of Oxford. He was also able to offer him a two-year grant research from Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) of £800. Simon resigned on 1 July 1933, but before he could leave an official demanded that he
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Woolfson
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Michael Mark Woolfson (9 January 1927 – 23 December 2019) was a British physicist and planetary scientist. His research interests were in the fields of x-ray crystallography, biophysics, colour vision and the formation of stars and planets.
Academia
He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford and received his PhD from UMIST, where he was supervised by Henry Lipson.
He was a research assistant at UMIST 1950-52 and at Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 1952–54.
He was an ICI Fellow, University of Cambridge, 1954–55.
At UMIST he was a lecturer, 1955–61, and a Reader, 1961–65.
Between 1959–60, he went on sabbatical working as a consultant at IBM, White Plains.
He was Professor of Theoretical Physics, 1965-94 University of York and head of the Department of Physics, 1982–87. He served as the first provost of Goodricke College between 1968 and 1972. He was professor emeritus.
DIAMOND Light Source
In November 1991, the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) set up a panel, which was chaired by Woolfson, to review synchrotron facilities in the UK. In April 1993, the “Woolfson Report” was published. Amongst the recommendations made in the report was the setting up of a new medium energy X-ray source to replace the existing Synchrotron Radiation Source, which was then located at Daresbury in Cheshire, UK. This new source was called the Diamond Light Source and, after some debate, it was decided to locate this source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obiliq
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Obiliq is a town and municipality in Kosovo. According to the Kosovo Agency of Statistics (KAS) estimate from the 2011 census, there were 21,549 people residing in Obiliq Municipality, with Kosovo Albanians constituting the majority of the population.
Name
Prior to the Balkan Wars, the settlement was known as Globoderica ().
Following the conflict, the settlement was incorporated into Serbia and renamed Obilić as part of the Serbianisation efforts of the early twentieth century when inhabited places within Kosovo were named after heroes from Serbian epic poetry. The placename Obilić refers to the Serbian national hero Miloš Obilić who killed the Ottoman Sultan Murad I at the Battle of Kosovo (1389).
In Albanian, the town is known as Obiliq (a transliteration of the Serbian name), while an alternative name (used by Albanians ) was coined by the Albanological Institute, Kastriot, after Albanian national hero George Kastrioti Skanderbeg (1405–1468).
Economy
There are three coal mines operating on the territory of Obiliq: Belaćevac, Miraš and Sibovc.
Demography
According to the 2011 census, the municipality had a population of 21,548 inhabitants. Based on the population estimates from the Kosovo Agency of Statistics in 2016, the municipality has 19,440 inhabitants.
The ethnic composition of the town of Obilić:
Notes
References
External links
Municipality of ObiliqOfficial Website
Obiliq
Obiliq
1989 establishments in Europe
Populated places established in 1989
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malisheva
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Malisheva is a town and municipality in Kosovo. According to the Kosovo Agency of Statistics (KAS) estimate from the 2011 census, there were 54,613 people residing in Malisheva Municipality, with Kosovo Albanians constituting the majority of the population.
Geography
Malisheva lies in the central part of Kosovo, namely in the eastern part of the Dukagjin Plain. The territory of the municipality includes an area of , and it is bordered by the municipalities of Drenas, Lipjan, Suhareka, Rahovec and Klina. The suitable configuration of the terrain enables the municipality to have good traffic connections with the whole country. Most of the main cities of Kosovo are connected within a distance of about 40-55 km. As for international connections, the passage of the Durrës - Merdarë highway through the territory of the municipality puts Malisheva in a favorable position. This highway allows easy and fast connection with Albania and the port of Durrës, while the plans for the further continuation of this highway, as well as the construction of the new highway for Hani i Elezit will enable quality connections with the states and regional transport corridors.
Climate
The dominant climate is the medium continental climate dominated with various Mediterranean elements, which is characterized by cold and long winters (in the mountain villages); warm summer (in lower villages). The average temperature is in summer and in winter. The average amount of precipitation is close to .
Hyd
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20run-on
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A nuclear run-on assay is conducted to identify the genes that are being transcribed at a certain time point. Approximately one million cell nuclei are isolated and incubated with labeled nucleotides, and genes in the process of being transcribed are detected by hybridization of extracted RNA to gene specific probes on a blot. Garcia-Martinez et al. (2004) developed a protocol for the yeast S. cerevisiae (Genomic run-on, GRO) that allows for the calculation of transcription rates (TRs) for all yeast genes to estimate mRNA stabilities for all yeast mRNAs.
Alternative microarray methods have recently been developed, mainly PolII RIP-chip: RNA immunoprecipitation of RNA polymerase II with phosphorylated C-terminal domain directed antibodies and hybridization on a microarray slide or chip (the word chip in the name stems from "ChIP-chip" where a special Affymetrix GeneChip was required). A comparison of methods based on run-on and ChIP-chip has been made in yeast (Pelechano et al., 2009). A general correspondence of both methods has been detected but GRO is more sensitive and quantitative. It has to be considered that run-on only detects elongating RNA polymerases whereas ChIP-chip detects all present RNA polymerases, including backtracked ones.
Attachment of new RNA polymerase to genes is prevented by inclusion of sarkosyl. Therefore only genes that already have an RNA polymerase will produce labeled transcripts. RNA transcripts that were synthesized before the addition of th
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windshield%20washer%20fluid
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Windshield washer fluid (also called windshield wiper fluid, wiper fluid, screen wash (in the UK), or washer fluid) is a fluid for motor vehicles that is used in cleaning the windshield with the windshield wiper while the vehicle is being driven.
Delivery system
A control within the car can be operated to spray washer fluid onto the windshield, typically using an electrical pump via jets mounted either beneath the windshield or beneath the wiper blade(s). The windshield wipers are automatically turned on, cleaning dirt and debris off the windshield. Some vehicles use the same method to clean the rear window or the headlights. The first windshield cleaner unit offered for automobiles was in 1936, as an aftermarket option to be installed on cars after they were bought. In 1946 General Motors installed windshield washers on all their vehicles as an extra cost option, while Chrysler offered the feature optionally in 1950 and Ford offered them for 1952.
Washer fluid may sometimes be preheated before being delivered onto the windshield. This is especially desirable in colder climates when a thin layer of ice or frost accumulates on the windshield's surface, as it eliminates the need to manually scrape the windshield or pour warm water on the glass. Although there are a few aftermarket preheat devices available, many automobile makers offer this feature factory installed on at least some of their vehicles. For example, General Motors had begun equipping vehicles with heated washe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboplastin
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Thromboplastin (TPL) is derived from cell membranes and is a mixture of both phospholipids and tissue factor, neither of which are enzymes. Thromboplastin acts on and accelerates the activity of Factor Xa, also known as thrombokinase, aiding blood coagulation through catalyzing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Thromboplastin is found in brain, lung, and other tissues and especially in blood platelets.
Thromboplastin is sometimes used as a synonym for the protein tissue factor (with its official name "Coagulation factor III [thromboplastin, tissue factor]"). Historically, thromboplastin was a lab reagent, usually derived from placental sources, used to assay prothrombin times (PT).
When manipulated in the laboratory, a derivative could be created called partial thromboplastin. Partial thromboplastin was used to measure the intrinsic pathway. This test is called the aPTT, or activated partial thromboplastin time. It was not until much later that the subcomponents of thromboplastin and partial thromboplastin were identified. Thromboplastin is the combination of both phospholipids and tissue factor, both of which are needed in the activation of the extrinsic pathway. However, partial thromboplastin is just phospholipids, and not tissue factor. Therefore, although the coagulation cascade can be triggered in vitro through the intrinsic pathway only, in vivo coagulation is triggered by the extrinsic pathway. However, the model better describing how coagulation works is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Standard%20Classification%20of%20Occupations
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The International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) is an International Labour Organization (ILO) classification structure for organizing information on labour and jobs. It is part of the international family of economic and social classifications of the United Nations. The current version, known as ISCO-08, was published in 2008 and is the fourth iteration, following ISCO-58, ISCO-68 and ISCO-88.
The ILO describes the purpose of the ISCO classification as:
a tool for organizing jobs into a clearly defined set of groups according to the tasks and duties undertaken in the job. It is intended for use in statistical applications and in a variety of client oriented applications. Client oriented applications include the matching of job seekers with job vacancies, the management of short or long term migration of workers between countries and the development of vocational training programmes and guidance.
The ISCO is the basis for many national occupation classifications as well as applications in specific domains such as reporting of teaching, agricultural and healthcare workforce information. The ISCO-08 revision is expected to be the standard for labour information worldwide in the coming decade, for instance as applied to incoming data from the 2010 Global Round of National Population Censuses.
The ISCO-08 structure
The ISCO-08 divides jobs into 10 major groups:
Managers
Professional
Technicians and associate professionals
Clerical support workers
Service a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISCO
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ISCO or Isco may refer to:
Isco (born 1992), Spanish footballer
Innermost stable circular orbit, The smallest stable orbit around a black hole
International Standard Classification of Occupations, an International Labour Organization (ILO) classification structure
Information Sharing Customer Outreach, a directorate within the office of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) under the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) of the U.S.A.
In situ chemical oxidation, a way to remediate organic contamination below the ground surface by direct injection of oxidants
ISCO (videogame developer) () of Japan
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSSP
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DSSP may refer to:
DSSP (hydrogen bond estimation algorithm), an algorithm that determines the secondary structure of protein subsequences from the coordinates of a protein structure
DSSP (imaging), a method of scanning objects into 3D digital representations
DSSP (programming), a programming language, acronym for Dialog System for Structured Programming
Decentralized Software Services Protocol, a SOAP-based protocol used by Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio
Deep Submergence Systems Project, US Navy program to develop methods of rescuing submarines
Dessert spoon, a spoon with a capacity of about 2 teaspoons
Digital Solid State Propulsion, American aerospace company
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitellogenin
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Vitellogenin (VTG or less popularly known as VG) (from Latin vitellus, yolk, and genero, I produce) is a precursor of egg yolk that transports protein and some lipid from the liver through the blood to the growing oocytes where it becomes part of the yolk. Normally, it is only found in the blood or hemolymph of females, and can therefore be used as a biomarker in vertebrates of exposure to environmental estrogens which stimulate elevated levels in males as well as females. "Vitellogenin" is a synonymous term for the gene and the expressed protein. The protein product is classified as a glycolipoprotein, having properties of a sugar, fat and protein. It belongs to a family of several lipid transport proteins.
Vitellogenin is an egg yolk precursor found in the females of nearly all oviparous species including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, most invertebrates, and monotremes. Vitellogenin is the precursor of the lipoproteins and phosphoproteins that make up most of the protein content of yolk. In the presence of estrogenic endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs), male fish can express the gene in a dose dependent manner. This gene expression in male fish can be used as a molecular marker of exposure to estrogenic EDCs.
Function
Vitellogenin provides the major egg yolk protein that is a source of nutrients during early development of egg-laying (oviparous) vertebrates and invertebrates. Although vitellogenin also carries some lipid for deposition in the yolk, the primary
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSRI
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TSRI may refer to
Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute
The Scripps Research Institute, former name for Scripps Research
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation%20order
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The modulation order of a digital communication scheme is determined by the number of the different symbols that can be transmitted using it.
Modulation order can only be defined for digital modulations. The simplest forms of digital modulation are of second order because they can transmit only two symbols (usually denoted as "0" and "1" or as "-1" and "1"). They are called binary shift keying (BSK).
Modulations which have an order of 4 and above usually are termed as higher-order modulations. Examples of these are quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and its generalisation as m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM).
Because existing computers and automation systems are based on binary logic most of the modulations have an order which is a power of two: 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. In principle, however, the order of a modulation can be any integer greater than one.
Telecommunication theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-order%20modulation
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Higher-order modulation is a type of digital modulation usually with an order of 4 or higher. Examples: quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM).
See also
phase-shift keying
modulation order
Quantized radio modulation modes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-phase%20modulation
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Cross-phase modulation (XPM) is a nonlinear optical effect where one wavelength of light can affect the phase of another wavelength of light through the optical Kerr effect. When the optical power from a wavelength impacts the refractive index, the impact of the new refractive index on another wavelength is known as XPM.
Applications of XPM
Cross-phase modulation can be used as a technique for adding information to a light stream by modifying the phase of a coherent optical beam with another beam through interactions in an appropriate nonlinear medium. This technique is applied to fiber optic communications. If both beams have the same wavelength, then this type of cross-phase modulation is degenerate.
XPM is among the most commonly used techniques for quantum nondemolition measurements.
Other advantageous applications of XPM include:
Nonlinear optical Pulse Compression of ultrashort pulses
Passive mode-locking
Ultrafast optical switching
Demultiplexing of OTDM channels
Wavelength conversion of WDM channels
Measurement of nonlinear optical properties of the media (non-linear index n2 (Kerr nonlinearity) and nonlinear response relaxation time)
Disadvantages of XPM
XPM in DWDM applications
In dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) applications with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD), the effect of XPM is a two step process:
First the signal is phase modulated by the copropagating second signal. In a second step dispersion leads to a transformation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%82
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The character ∂ (Unicode: U+2202) is a stylized cursive d mainly used as a mathematical symbol, usually to denote a partial derivative such as (read as "the partial derivative of z with respect to x"). It is also used for boundary of a set, the boundary operator in a chain complex, and the conjugate of the Dolbeault operator on smooth differential forms over a complex manifold. It should be distinguished from other similar-looking symbols such as lowercase Greek letter delta (δ) or the lowercase Latin letter eth (ð).
History
The symbol was originally introduced in 1770 by Nicolas de Condorcet, who used it for a partial differential, and adopted for the partial derivative by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1786.
It represents a specialized cursive type of the letter d, just as the integral sign originates as a specialized type of a long s (first used in print by Leibniz in 1686).
Use of the symbol was discontinued by Legendre, but it was taken up again by Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi in 1841, whose usage became widely adopted.
Names and coding
The symbol is variously referred to as
"partial", "curly d", "funky d", "rounded d", "curved d", "dabba", "number 6 mirrored", or "Jacobi's delta", or as "del" (but this name is also used for the "nabla" symbol ∇).
It may also be pronounced simply "dee", "partial dee", "doh", or "die".
The Unicode character is accessed by HTML entities ∂ or ∂, and the equivalent LaTeX symbol (Computer Modern glyph: ) is accessed by \partial.
Uses
∂
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quentin%20Thomas
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Sir Quentin Jeremy Thomas (born 1 August 1944) is a retired British civil servant, and former president of the British Board of Film Classification.
He attended the Perse School in Cambridge and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He was a civil servant until 1999, serving in the Home Office, Northern Ireland Office and the Cabinet Office. His last civil service appointment was as Head of the Constitution Secretariat.
In the Northern Ireland Office from 1988 to 1998, he led the team which first met Sinn Féin following the 1994 cease fire. He led the team supporting Ministers in the 1996-98 roundtable talks, chaired by United States Senator George Mitchell, which culminated in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1994 and was knighted in 1999 for "services to peace in Northern Ireland".
In the Home Office he was Head of the Broadcasting Department (1984 to 1988), with responsibility for advising on the development of broadcasting policy, including cable and satellite broadcasting, and on relations between the government and the broadcasting authorities and other regulatory bodies.
References
External links
BBFC announces new president
1944 births
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Living people
Civil servants in the Home Office
Civil servants in the Northern Ireland Office
Civil servants in the Cabinet Office
People educated at The Perse School
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Knights Bachelor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Green%20Bay%20Packers%20records
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This article details statistics relating to the Green Bay Packers.
Records
Passing
Attempts, career: 8,754 – Brett Favre (1992–07)
Attempts, season: 613 – Brett Favre (2006)
Attempts, game: 61 – Brett Favre (1996), Aaron Rodgers (2015)
Completed, career: 5,377 – Brett Favre (1992–07)
Completed, season: 401 – Aaron Rodgers (2016)
Completed, game: 39 – Aaron Rodgers (2016)
Yards, career: 61,655 – Brett Favre (1992–07)
Yards, season: 4,643 – Aaron Rodgers (2011)
Yards, game: 480 – Matt Flynn (2012), Aaron Rodgers (2013)
Touchdowns, career: 445 – Aaron Rodgers (2005–23)
Touchdowns, season: 48 – Aaron Rodgers (2020)
Touchdowns, game: 6 – Matt Flynn (2012), Aaron Rodgers (2012), (2014), (2019)
Interceptions, career: 286 – Brett Favre (1992–07)
Interceptions, season: 29 – Brett Favre (2005)
Straight completions, game: 20 – Brett Favre (2007)
Single season QB rating, season: 122.5 – Aaron Rodgers (2011)
Rushing
Attempts, career: 1,811 – Jim Taylor (1958–66)
Attempts, season: 355 – Ahman Green (2003)
Attempts, game: 39 – Terdell Middleton (1978)
Yards, career: 8,208 – Ahman Green (2000–06, 2009)
Yards, season: 1,883 – Ahman Green (2003)
Yards, game: 218 – Ahman Green (2003)
Touchdowns, career: 81 – Jim Taylor (1958–66)
Touchdowns, season: 19 – Jim Taylor (1962)
Touchdowns, game: 4 – Jim Taylor (1961), (1962), (1962), Terdell Middleton (1978), Dorsey Levens (2000), Aaron Jones (2019 & 2021)
Receiving
Receptions, career: 729 – Donald Driver (1999–2013)
Receptions, season: 117 – Dava
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20cell
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Transfer cells are specialized parenchyma cells that have an increased surface area, due to infoldings of the plasma membrane. They facilitate the transport of sugars from a sugar source, mainly mature leaves, to a sugar sink, often developing leaves or fruits. They are found in nectaries of flowers and some carnivorous plants.
Transfer cells are specially found in plants in the region of absorption or secretion of nutrients.
The term transfer cell was coined by Brian Gunning and John Stewart Pate. Their presence is generally correlated with the existence of extensive solute influxes across the plasma membrane.
References
Plant cells
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin%20Hahn
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Erwin Louis Hahn (June 9, 1921 – September 20, 2016) was an American physicist, best known for his work on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In 1950 he discovered the spin echo.
Education
He grew up in Sewickley, Pennsylvania. He received his B.S. in Physics from Juniata College and his M.S. and Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He served as an enlisted sailor in the United States Navy and was an instructor on radar and sonar.
Career and research
He was professor of physics, from 1955 to 1991, and subsequently, Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. Hahn was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1971. In 1993 he was awarded the Comstock Prize in Physics from the National Academy of Sciences. In 2013, Sir Peter Mansfield said in his autobiography that Hahn was "the person who really missed out" the Nobel Prize for his contribution to the principles of spin echoes. He also received the 2016 Gold Medal from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM). The award, ISMRM's highest honor, was given to Hahn for his creation of pulsed magnetic resonance and processes of signal refocusing which are essential to modern day MRI. He died at the age of 95 in 2016.
See also
References
External links
Oral History interview transcript with Erwin L. Hahn on 21 August 1986, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
Alexander Pines and Dmitry Budker, "E
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DGT
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DGT may refer to:
Deansgate railway station, Manchester, England (National Rail station code)
DGT board, a chessboard
Diffusive gradients in thin films technique, for detecting chemicals in wet environments
Directorate-General for Translation, of the European Commission
Directorate General of Traffic, Spain
Direction Générale du Travail, France
Discounted gift trust, in the UK
Ndra'ngith language (ISO 639-3: dgt), an Australian language
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fus
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Fus or FUS may refer to:
FUS (gene) ("Fused In Sarcoma"), a gene encoding an RNA-binding protein found in human cancers and several neurodegenerative diseases
Fath Union Sport, a football club in Rabat, Morocco
Feline urologic syndrome, any disease affecting the bladder or urethra of a cat
Field Upgrade Software, software package for embedded systems which can include a bootloader and drivers.
Fire Underwriters Survey, a Canadian risk management company
First Unitarian Society of Madison, a church in Madison, Wisconsin, United States
First Unitarian Society of Minneapolis, a church in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Focused ultrasound (High-intensity focused ultrasound), a therapeutic technique
Franciscan University of Steubenville, a private Catholic university in Steubenville, Ohio, United States
Franklin University Switzerland, a private liberal arts university in Lugano, Switzerland
Frente Único Socialista (Socialist Single Front) (1938), a temporary political alliance in Bolivia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenomorph%20%28disambiguation%29
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The Xenomorph is the main fictional antagonist in the Alien franchise.
Xenomorph may also refer to:
Xenomorph (geology), a mineral that did not develop its external crystal form
Xenomorph (video game), a 1990 science-fiction role-playing video game
Xenomorph (band), a Dutch death metal band formed in 1994
Xenomorph, a fictional creature on the 1988 television series Something Is Out There
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenomorph%20%28geology%29
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In geology, a xenomorph or allotriomorph is a mineral that did not develop its otherwise typical external crystal form because of late crystallization between earlier formed crystals. Xenomorphs are typical of matrix minerals in rapidly crystallizing volcanic lavas and shallow igneous intrusions. It is also typical of the interstitial or cementing minerals formed during the diagenesis of sedimentary rocks. The opposite is an idiomorph in which the external form is controlled only by the internal crystal structure.
References
Mineralogy
Petrology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20archaeological%20periods%20%28Mesoamerica%29
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The chronology of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica is usually divided into the following eras:
Five Stage Classification
One of the most enduring classifications of archaeological periods & cultures was established in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book Method and Theory in American Archaeology. They divided the archaeological record in the Americas into 5 phases. These are:
The Lithic stage
The Archaic stage
The Formative stage
The Classic stage
The Post-Classic stage
Tabular list
See also
Archaeogenetics
Archaeology of the Americas
History of the Americas
Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
List of archaeological periods – parent page
List of archaeological periods (North America)
List of pre-Columbian cultures
Mesoamerican chronology
References
Mesoamerica
Periods
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filaggrin
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Filaggrin (filament aggregating protein) is a filament-associated protein that binds to keratin fibers in epithelial cells. Ten to twelve filaggrin units are post-translationally hydrolyzed from a large profilaggrin precursor protein during terminal differentiation of epidermal cells. In humans, profilaggrin is encoded by the FLG gene, which is part of the S100 fused-type protein (SFTP) family within the epidermal differentiation complex on chromosome 1q21.
Profilaggrin
Filaggrin monomers are tandemly clustered into a large, 350kDa protein precursor known as profilaggrin. In the epidermis, these structures are present in the keratohyalin granules in cells of the stratum granulosum. Profilaggrin undergoes proteolytic processing to yield individual filaggrin monomers at the transition between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum, which may be facilitated by calcium-dependent enzymes.
Structure
Filaggrin is characterized by a particularly high isoelectric point due to the relatively high presence of histidine in its primary structure. It is also relatively low in the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine, and cysteine.
Function
Filaggrin is essential for the regulation of epidermal homeostasis. Within the stratum corneum, filaggrin monomers can become incorporated into the lipid envelope, which is responsible for the skin barrier function. Alternatively, these proteins can interact with keratin intermediate filaments. Filaggrin undergoes further processing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral%20inhibition
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In neurobiology, lateral inhibition is the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors. Lateral inhibition disables the spreading of action potentials from excited neurons to neighboring neurons in the lateral direction. This creates a contrast in stimulation that allows increased sensory perception. It is also referred to as lateral antagonism and occurs primarily in visual processes, but also in tactile, auditory, and even olfactory processing. Cells that utilize lateral inhibition appear primarily in the cerebral cortex and thalamus and make up lateral inhibitory networks (LINs). Artificial lateral inhibition has been incorporated into artificial sensory systems, such as vision chips, hearing systems, and optical mice. An often under-appreciated point is that although lateral inhibition is visualised in a spatial sense, it is also thought to exist in what is known as "lateral inhibition across abstract dimensions." This refers to lateral inhibition between neurons that are not adjacent in a spatial sense, but in terms of modality of stimulus. This phenomenon is thought to aid in colour discrimination.
History
The concept of neural inhibition (in motor systems) was well known to Descartes and his contemporaries.
Sensory inhibition in vision was inferred by Ernst Mach in 1865 as depicted in his mach band.
Inhibition in single sensory neurons was discovered and investigated starting in 1949 by Haldan K. Hartline when he used logarithms to expr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthroposystem
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The term anthroposystem is used to describe the anthropological analogue to the ecosystem. In other words, the anthroposystem model serves to compare the flow of materials through human systems to those in naturally occurring systems. As defined by Santos, an anthroposystem is "the orderly combination or arrangement of physical and biological environments for the purpose of maintaining human civilization...built by man to sustain his kind." The anthroposystem is intimately linked to economic and ecological systems as well.
Description
Both the anthroposystem and ecosystem can be divided into three groups: producers, consumers, and recyclers. In the ecosystem, the producers or autotrophs consist of plants and some bacteria capable of producing their own food via photosynthesis or chemical synthesis, the consumers consist of animals that obtain energy from grazing and/or by feeding on other animals and the recyclers consist of decomposers such as fungi and bacteria.
In the anthroposystem, the producers consist of the energy production through fossil fuels, manufacturing with non-fuel minerals and growing food; the consumers consist of humans and domestic animals and the recyclers consist of the decomposing or recycling activities (i.e. waste water treatment, metal and solid waste recycling).
The ecosystem is sustainable whereas the anthroposystem is not. The ecosystem is a closed loop in which nearly everything is recycled whereas the anthroposystem is an open loop where
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMO
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SMO or Smo may refer to:
War
Special military operation, the Russian government's name for the 2022 Invasion of Ukraine
Biology
Smoothened, a gene that encodes a protein of the same name
Spermine oxidase, an enzyme
Styrene monooxygenase, an enzyme
Computing and technology
Sequential minimal optimization, an algorithm for training support vector machines
Social media optimization
Solar Monitoring Observatory, on the International Space Station
SQL Server Management Objects for Microsoft SQL Server
Organizations
Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, a Scottish Gaelic-medium public college on the Isle of Skye
Slovak Youth Orchestra
Transport
SMO, IATA airport code for Santa Monica Airport, USA
SMO, National Rail station code for South Merton railway station, London
Other uses
SMO, ITU country code for Samoa
smo, ISO 639-3 code for the Samoan language
Smo, former stage name of Sara Forsberg (born 1994), Finnish singer
SMO, a character first appeared in the episode "Be More" of the animated series Adventure Time
Senior Medical Officer, a rank in the British Royal Army Medical Corps
Singapore Mathematical Olympiad, a mathematics competition
Site management organization, a provider of services to an organization holding a clinical trial
Social movement organization, a formal organization within a social movement
Special military operation, particularly by Russia in Ukraine
Super Mario Odyssey, a video game released for the Nintendo Switch
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocyte%20esterase
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Leukocyte esterase (LE) is an esterase (a type of enzyme) produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). A leukocyte esterase test (LE test) is a urine test for the presence of white blood cells and other abnormalities associated with infection.
White blood cells in the urine can indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI). Positive test results may be clinically significant in the right context. The LE test is also used to screen for gonorrhea and for amniotic fluid infections. The combination of the LE test with the urinary nitrite test provides an excellent screen for establishing the presence of a UTI. Urine test strips (dipsticks) can screen for both. A urine sample that tests positive for both nitrite and leukocyte esterase should be cultured for pathogenic bacteria.
"It has been proposed that the reagent strip for leukocyte esterase designed for the testing of urine (Combur test UX) could be a useful tool for diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)." Braga et al. concluded that the Combur test UX urine screening test is a very sensitive and specific method for diagnosing SBP in the ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients who have undergone paracentesis."
References
External links
Leukocyte esterase urine test at MedlinePlus
Leukocyte esterase in urine at MrLabTest
Urine tests
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome%20browser
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The completion of the human genome sequencing in the early 2000s was a turning point in genomics research. Scientists have conducted series of research into the activities of genes and the genome as a whole. The human genome contains around 3 billion base pairs nucleotide, and the huge quantity of data created necessitates the development of an accessible tool to explore and interpret this information in order to investigate the genetic basis of disease, evolution, and biological processes. The field of genomics has continued to grow, with new sequencing technologies and computational tool making it easier to study the genome.
The genome browser is an important tool for studying the genome. In bioinformatics, a genome browser is a graphical interface for displaying information from a biological database for genomic data. It is a software tool that displays genetic data in graphical form. Genome browsers enable users to visualize and browse entire genomes with annotated data, including gene prediction, gene structure, protein, expression, regulation, variation, and comparative analysis. Annotated data is usually from multiple diverse sources. They differ from ordinary biological databases in that they display data in a graphical format, with genome coordinates on one axis with annotations or space-filling graphics to show analyses of the genes, such as the frequency of the genes and their expression profiles. The software allows users to navigate the genome, view numerous fe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohn%E2%80%93Sham%20equations
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The Kohn-Sham equations are a set of mathematical equations used in quantum mechanics to simplify the complex problem of understanding how electrons behave in atoms and molecules. They introduce fictitious non-interacting electrons and use them to find the most stable arrangement of electrons, which helps scientists understand and predict the properties of matter at the atomic and molecular scale.
Description
In physics and quantum chemistry, specifically density functional theory, the Kohn–Sham equation is the non-interacting Schrödinger equation (more clearly, Schrödinger-like equation) of a fictitious system (the "Kohn–Sham system") of non-interacting particles (typically electrons) that generate the same density as any given system of interacting particles.
In the Kohn–Sham theory the introduction of the noninteracting kinetic energy functional Ts into the energy expression leads, upon functional differentiation, to a collection of one-particle equations whose solutions are the Kohn–Sham orbitals.
The Kohn–Sham equation is defined by a local effective (fictitious) external potential in which the non-interacting particles move, typically denoted as vs(r) or veff(r), called the Kohn–Sham potential. If the particles in the Kohn–Sham system are non-interacting fermions (non-fermion Density Functional Theory has been researched), the Kohn–Sham wavefunction is a single Slater determinant constructed from a set of orbitals that are the lowest-energy solutions to
This e
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panstrongylus%20geniculatus
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Panstrogylus geniculatus is a blood-sucking sylvatic insect noted as a putative vector of minor importance in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to humans; this is a parasite, which causes Chagas disease. The insect is described as sylvatic; subsisting primarily in humid forests, and is also known to inhabit vertebrate nesting places such as those of the armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus or dasypus), and is also involved in enzootic transmission of T. cruzi to those species. It has wide distribution throughout 16 Latin American countries.
There have been few scientific studies of this particular species because of the low number of collected specimens and difficulties in rearing and maintaining populations in the laboratory. However, currently P. geniculatus is receiving attention as a potential vector of Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) due to reports of this species invading the domestic and peridomestic habitats over a vast area: Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Argentina.
P. geniculatus is apparently in the process of domiciliation, using the same strategies as highly domesticated species like Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus. This is also the case for other sylvatic triatomine species (Triatominae) that are experiencing similar ecological pressures originating from human disruption of the natural habitat.
Prevalence in Venezuela
A 2005 study conducted by the Universidad Central de Venezuela, used Panstrongylus specimens collected fr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodnius%20prolixus
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Rhodnius prolixus is the principal triatomine vector of the Chagas parasite due to both its sylvatic and domestic populations in northern South America as well as to its exclusively domestic populations in Central America. It has a wide range of ecotopes, mainly savanna and foothills with an altitude of between above sea level and temperatures of . Sylvatic R. prolixus, as virtually all Rhodnius spp., is primarily associated with palm tree habitats and has a wide range of hosts including birds, rodents, marsupials, sloths, and reptiles.
The insect was used by Sir Vincent Wigglesworth for the detection of insect hormones. It has been implicated in the transmission of transposons between it and some of its vertebrate hosts, squirrel monkeys and opossums.
Rhodnius prolixus is also known as the kissing bug (like other triatomine bugs) because it tends to feed on the area around victims' mouths.
History
Rhodnius prolixus established itself throughout Central America after specimens that originated in Venezuela accidentally escaped from a San Salvadoran research laboratory in 1915. It colonized houses and invaded neighboring countries, probably through accidental carriage by travelers.
Life cycle
The insect has five larval stages, with a moult between each. Each larval stage consumes a single large meal of blood, which triggers the moulting process, 12–15 days later. Wigglesworth demonstrated that the moult is started by prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) secreted into the bl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromodulation
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Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal. This modulation can last for hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes. Some of the effects of neuromodulators include: altering intrinsic firing activity, increasing or decreasing voltage-dependent currents, altering synaptic efficacy, increasing bursting activity and reconfigurating synaptic connectivity.
Major neuromodulators in the central nervous system include: dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine, nitric oxide, and several neuropeptides. Cannabinoids can also be powerful CNS neuromodulators. Neuromodulators can be packaged into vesicles and released by neurons, secreted as hormones and delivered through the circulatory system. A neuromodulator can be conceptualized as a neurotransmitter that is not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a metabolite. Some neuromodulators end up spending a significant amount of time in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), influencing (or "modulating") the activity of several other neurons in the brain.
Neuromodulatory systems
The major neurotransmitter systems are the noradrenaline (norepinephrine) system, the dopamine system, the serotonin system, and the cholinergic system. Drugs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAM-1
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ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system. It binds to integrins of type CD11a / CD18, or CD11b / CD18 and is also exploited by rhinovirus as a receptor for entry into respiratory epithelium.
Structure
ICAM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, the superfamily of proteins including antibodies and T-cell receptors. ICAM-1 is a transmembrane protein possessing an amino-terminus extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a carboxy-terminus cytoplasmic domain. The structure of ICAM-1 is characterized by heavy glycosylation, and the protein’s extracellular domain is composed of multiple loops created by disulfide bridges within the protein. The dominant secondary structure of the protein is the beta sheet, leading researchers to hypothesize the presence of dimerization domains within ICAM-1.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a type of intercellular adhesion molecule continuously present in low concentrations in the membranes of leukocytes and endothelial cells. Upon cytokine stimulation, the concentrations greatly increase. ICAM-1 can be induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and is expressed by the vascular endothelium, macrophages, and lymphocytes. ICAM-1 is a ligand for LFA-1 (i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Sung-soo%20%28actor%29
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Kim Sung-soo (born May 23, 1973) is a South Korean actor and television host. After beginning his career as a fashion model, Kim made his acting debut in the tokusatsu series Vectorman and the erotic film The Sweet Sex and Love. He has since appeared in the movies The Red Shoes and R2B: Return to Base, and several television series, including Full House, My Precious You, More Charming by the Day and My Lover, Madame Butterfly. In 2009 he made his stage debut in the play Mom, Do You Want to Go on a Trip?
More recently, Kim has expanded his career to variety shows. He was a regular on the popular reality show Invincible Baseball Team, and was the host of talk show Win Win in 2010. He also hosted several programs on cable, including fashion program Homme, bowling show Lucky Strike 300 and food show Noodle Myeongga.
Filmography
Film
Hero Vectorman: Counterattack of the Evil Empire (1999)
The Sweet Sex and Love (2003)
The Red Shoes (2005)
Monopoly (2006)
Hellcats (2008)
California High Noon (short film, 2010)
R2B: Return to Base (2012)
Fasten Your Seatbelt (2013) - cameo
The Black Hand (2015)
Television series
Vectorman: Warriors of the Earth 2 (KBS2, 1999)
Say You Love Me (MBC, 2004)
Full House (KBS2, 2004)
Stained Glass (SBS, 2004)
Lawyers (MBC, 2005)
My Beloved Sister (MBC, 2006)
Cruel Love (KBS2, 2007)
My Precious You (KBS2, 2008)
More Charming by the Day (MBC, 2010)
The Slave Hunters (KBS2, 2010) - cameo
Suspicious Family (MBN, 2012)
My Lover, Madam
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20heterostructure
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A double heterostructure, sometimes called double heterojunction, is formed when two semiconductor materials are grown into a "sandwich". One material (such as AlGaAs) is used for the outer layers (or cladding), and another of smaller band gap (such as GaAs) is used for the inner layer. In this example, there are two AlGaAs-GaAs junctions (or boundaries), one at each side of the inner layer. There must be two boundaries for the device to be a double heterostructure. If there was only one side of cladding material, the device would be a simple, or single, heterostructure.
The double heterostructure is a very useful structure in optoelectronic devices and has interesting electronic properties. If one of the cladding layers is p-doped, the other cladding layer n-doped and the smaller energy gap semiconductor material undoped, a p-i-n structure is formed. When a current is applied to the ends of the pin structure, electrons and holes are injected into the heterostructure. The smaller energy gap material forms energy discontinuities at the boundaries, confining the electrons and holes to the smaller energy gap semiconductor. The electrons and holes recombine in the intrinsic semiconductor emitting photons. If the width of the intrinsic region is reduced to the order of the de Broglie wavelength, the energies in the intrinsic region no longer become continuous but become discrete. (Actually, they are not continuous but the energy levels are very close together so we think of them
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Allende
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Jorge Eduardo Allende Rivera, (born 11 November 1934) is a Chilean biochemist and biophysicist known for his contributions to the understanding of proteic biosynthesis and how transfer RNA is generated, and the regulation of maturation of amphibian eggs. He has been a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences since 2001, and was awarded the Chilean National Prize for Nature Sciences (Chile) in 1992.
Early life
Jorge Allende was born in Cartago, Costa Rica, son of Octavio Allende Echeverría, Chilean Consul in the city of Puntarenas, and Amparo Rivera Ortiz, a Costa Rican artist. Because of his father's job as a diplomat, he spent his childhood years between Costa Rica, Chile and the United States. He finished high school in a Jesuit School in New Orleans, Louisiana, where his father was appointed as the Chilean Consul. Subsequently, he studied at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He obtained the Bachelor of Science in chemistry degree in 1957.
Career
He carried out his doctoral studies at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, obtaining his Ph.D. in 1961 under the tutorship of Prof. F.M. Richards. He did post doctoral work with Prof. Fritz Lipmann at Rockefeller University and with Marshall Warren Nirenberg at NIH.
During the 1960s, his research was focused on protein synthesis, a field in which he made crucial contributions. In the 1970s he was a pioneer in studying the mechanism of hormonal induction of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas%20kinetics
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Gas kinetics is a science in the branch of fluid dynamics, concerned with the study of motion of gases and its effects on physical systems. Based on the principles of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics, gas dynamics arises from the studies of gas flows in transonic and supersonic flights. To distinguish itself from other sciences in fluid dynamics, the studies in gas dynamics are often defined with gases flowing around or within physical objects at speeds comparable to or exceeding the speed of sound and causing a significant change in temperature and pressure. Some examples of these studies include but are not limited to: choked flows in nozzles and valves, shock waves around jets, aerodynamic heating on atmospheric reentry vehicles and flows of gas fuel within a jet engine. At the molecular level, gas dynamics is a study of the kinetic theory of gases, often leading to the study of gas diffusion, statistical mechanics, chemical thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Gas dynamics is synonymous with aerodynamics when the gas field is air and the subject of study is flight. It is highly relevant in the design of aircraft and spacecraft and their respective propulsion systems.
History
Progress in gas dynamics coincides with the developments of transonic and supersonic flights. As aircraft began to travel faster, the density of air began to change, considerably increasing the air resistance as the air speed approached the speed of sound. The phenomenon was l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Orr%20Anderson
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Alan Orr Anderson (1879–1958) was a Scottish historian and compiler. The son of Rev. John Anderson and Ann Masson, he was born in 1879. He was educated at Royal High School, Edinburgh, and the University of Edinburgh.
In 1908, after five years of work sponsored by the Carnegie Trust, he published Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers, a reasonably comprehensive compilation of sources about Scottish history before 1286 written either in England or by chroniclers born in England. Fourteen years later, he was able to publish the 2-volume work entitled Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286, a similar but larger collection of sources, this time taken from non-English (mostly Gaelic) material. To a certain extent, the latter work overlapped with the compilations published by Skene's Chronicles of the Picts and Scots (Edinburgh, 1867), but both of Anderson's compilations differed from Skene's in that all were translated into English.
Years of reading difficult manuscripts in dull light were perhaps the cause of Anderson's failing eyesight, and for a large period of time, he relied on his graduate student (subsequently his wife) Marjorie Cunningham to do much of the readings. He died 9 December 1958.
Today, most scholars working in early Scottish history regard Anderson's three volumes as among their most essential scholarly possessions. As a result, much of the course of early Scottish historiography was set by what Anderson chose to publish or chose not to publi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-75
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The HP-75C and HP-75D were hand-held computers programmable in BASIC, made by Hewlett-Packard from 1982 to 1986.
The HP-75 had a single-line liquid crystal display, 48 KiB system ROM and 16 KiB RAM, a comparatively large keyboard (albeit without a separate numeric pad), a manually operated magnetic card reader (2×650 bytes per card), 4 ports for memory expansion (1 for RAM and 3 for ROM modules), and an HP-IL interface that could be used to connect printers, storage and electronic test equipment. The BASIC interpreter also acted as a primitive operating system, providing file handling capabilities for program storage using RAM, cards, or cassettes/diskettes (via HP-IL).
Other features included a text editor as well as an appointment reminder with alarms, similar to functions of modern PDAs.
The HP-75D (1984–1986) added a port for a bar code wand, often used for inventory control tasks.
The HP-75 was comparatively expensive with an MSRP of $995 ($2,014 in 2005) for the 75C or $1095 ($2,058 in 2005) for the 75D, making it less popular than the cheaper successor model, the HP-71B.
The HP-75C has a KANGAROO printed on its PCB, as its codename (see link for picture).
HP-75D codename's is MERLIN.
Reception
BYTE praised the flexibility of the appointment scheduler, which the review noted could comprise part of a real-time control system because of its ability to execute BASIC programs. It concluded that the computer "is a well-integrated and powerful machine ... if you are i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Swan%20%28automaton%29
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The Silver Swan is an automaton dating from the 18th century and now housed in the Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle, Teesdale, County Durham, England. It was acquired by John Bowes, the museum's founder, from a Parisian jeweller in 1872.
The swan, which is life-sized, is a clockwork-driven device that includes a music box. The swan sits in a "stream" made of glass rods and surrounded by silver leaves. Small silver fish can be seen "swimming" in the stream.
When the clockwork is wound, the music box plays and the glass rods rotate giving the illusion of flowing water. The swan turns its head from side to side and also preens itself. After a few moments the swan notices the swimming fish and bends down to catch and eat one. The swan's head then returns to the upright position and the performance, which lasts about 32 seconds, is over. To help preserve the mechanism, the swan was only operated once each day, at 2pm. The museum was closed during 2020 and 2021 so the daily display did not take place; when the exhibit was being prepared for reopening in May 2021 the clockwork mechanism was found to have seized up and it was withdrawn from display for further conservation.
The mechanism was designed and built by the Low Countries inventor John Joseph Merlin (1735–1803) in conjunction with the London inventor James Cox (1723–1800) in 1773.
The swan was described in the Cox's Museum Act 1772 (13 Geo. 3. c. 41) as being 3 feet (0.91 m) in diameter and 18 feet (5.49 m) high. This would
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegenerative%20disease
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A neurodegenerative disease is caused by the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, in the process known as neurodegeneration. Such neuronal damage may ultimately involve cell death. Neurodegenerative diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophy, tauopathies, and prion diseases. Neurodegeneration can be found in the brain at many different levels of neuronal circuitry, ranging from molecular to systemic. Because there is no known way to reverse the progressive degeneration of neurons, these diseases are considered to be incurable; however research has shown that the two major contributing factors to neurodegeneration are oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomedical research has revealed many similarities between these diseases at the subcellular level, including atypical protein assemblies (like proteinopathy) and induced cell death. These similarities suggest that therapeutic advances against one neurodegenerative disease might ameliorate other diseases as well.
Within neurodegenerative diseases, it is estimated that 55 million people worldwide had dementia in 2019, and that by 2050 this figure will increase to 139 million people.
Specific disorders
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that results in the loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical structures, resultin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Swan
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Silver Swan may refer to:
Silver Swan (automaton), a clockwork display at the Bowes Museum
Silver Swan (brand), a condiments brand owned by Nutri-Asia
Silver Swan (comics), a fictional character in the Wonder Woman stories
"The Silver Swan" (madrigal), a madrigal by Orlando Gibbons
"Silver Swan Rag", a piano rag by Scott Joplin
Silver Swan, Milwaukee, a neighborhood of Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20W.%20K.%20Rothemund
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Paul Wilhelm Karl Rothemund is a research professor at the Computation and Neural Systems department at Caltech. He has become known in the fields of DNA nanotechnology and synthetic biology for his pioneering work with DNA origami. He shared both categories of the 2006 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology with Erik Winfree for their work in creating DNA nanotubes, algorithmic molecular self-assembly of DNA tile structures, and their theoretical work on DNA computing. Rothemund is also a 2007 recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship.
Life
Rothemund graduated from Laconia High School, New Hampshire, in 1990. He was the team captain of the championship Laconia team for the television quiz show Granite State Challenge. After graduating, Rothemund studied as an undergraduate at Caltech from 1990–1994, where he was a resident and member of Ricketts House. He attained his Ph.D. from the University of Southern California in 2001.
As a research fellow at Caltech, Rothemund has developed a technique to manipulate and fold strands of DNA known as DNA origami.
Eventually, Rothemund hopes that self-assembly techniques could be used to create a "programming language for molecules, just as we have programming languages for computers."
His work on large-scale sculptures of his DNA origami was exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York from February 24 to May 12, 2008.
His grandfather, Paul Rothemund, was a chemist as well.
References
External links
Paul Rothemund's home page
Mar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey%20Phillips
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Harvey Gene Phillips, Sr. (December 2, 1929 – October 20, 2010) was an American tuba player. He served as the Distinguished Professor of the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University, Bloomington (from 1971 to 1994) and was dedicated advocate for the tuba becoming popularly known as Mr. Tuba.
Biography
Born in Aurora, Missouri, Phillips was a professional freelance musician in New York City from 1950 to 1971, winning his first professional position with the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus Band as a teenager. In 1960, he co-founded The All-Star Concert Band with American cornet soloist James F. Burke. The band recorded three albums and was composed of virtually every top soloist and first chair player in the country. He served as personnel manager for Symphony of the Air, Leopold Stokowski, Igor Stravinsky, and Gunther Schuller. He was a key figure in the formation of the International Tuba Euphonium Association (formerly T.U.B.A.) and the founder and president of the Harvey Phillips Foundation, Inc. which administers Octubafest, Tubachristmas, Tubasantas, Tubacompany, and Tubajazz.
Along with William Bell, Gene Pokorny, and Arnold Jacobs, Phillips is considered legendary among tubists. In 2007, Phillips was inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame, the only wind instrument player to receive this prestigious honor. Other inductees that year included Yo-Yo Ma, Donald Martino and the Cleveland Orchestra.
He died of Parkinson's in Bloomington, aged
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alias%20analysis
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Alias analysis is a technique in compiler theory, used to determine if a storage location may be accessed in more than one way. Two pointers are said to be aliased if they point to the same location.
Alias analysis techniques are usually classified by flow-sensitivity and context-sensitivity. They may determine may-alias or must-alias information. The term alias analysis is often used interchangeably with points-to analysis, a specific case.
Alias analysers intend to make and compute useful information for understanding aliasing in programs.
Overview
In general, alias analysis determines whether or not separate memory references point to the same area of memory. This allows the compiler to determine what variables in the program will be affected by a statement. For example, consider the following section of code that accesses members of structures:
p.foo = 1;
q.foo = 2;
i = p.foo + 3;
There are three possible alias cases here:
The variables p and q cannot alias (i.e., they never point to the same memory location).
The variables p and q must alias (i.e., they always point to the same memory location).
It cannot be conclusively determined at compile time if p and q alias or not.
If p and q cannot alias, then i = p.foo + 3; can be changed to i = 4. If p and q must alias, then i = p.foo + 3; can be changed to i = 5 because p.foo + 3 = q.foo + 3. In both cases, we are able to perform optimizations from the alias knowledge (assuming that no other thread updating the same lo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20cottonmouth
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The western cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) was once classified as a subspecies of the cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus). However, DNA based studies published in 2008 and 2015, revealed no significant genetic difference between the eastern cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus) and the western cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) and synonymized the two subspecies (with the oldest published name, A. p. piscivorus, having priority). The resulting taxonomy does not recognizes the western cottonmouth (A. p. leucostoma) as a valid taxon. Several subsequent reviews and species accounts have followed and supported the revised taxonomy. Information on this snake can be found in the Agkistrodon piscivorus article.
Description
Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma is a stout snake with a thick, muscular body. It is the smallest of the three subspecies of A. piscivorus. The average length of mature specimens is , while the maximum reported length is .
Adult specimens are usually dark gray or brown with little or no markings, although a dorsal color pattern consisting of 10 to 15 dark crossbands can be seen in some specimens. Like other members of the species, its color darkens with age, and very old specimens may appear entirely black. Unlike the other two subspecies (A. p. conanti and A. p. piscivorus), the light line that borders the dark cheek strip is usually not present in this subspecies. The dorsal scales are keeled, in rows of 25 near the m
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