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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanings%20of%20minor%20planet%20names%3A%2091001%E2%80%9392000
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91001–91100
|-id=006
| 91006 Fleming || || Alexander Fleming (1881–1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. His best-known achievements are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme and isolation of the antibiotic substance penicillin, for which he shared a Nobel Prize in 1945 with Florey and Chain. ||
|-id=007
| 91007 Ianfleming || || Ian Fleming (1908–1964) was a British writer and journalist. Fleming is best remembered for creating the character of British Secret Service agent James Bond ("007") and chronicling his adventures in twelve novels and nine short stories. ||
|-id=023
| 91023 Lutan || || Lu Tan (born 1932), a Chinese astrophysicist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has made contributions in the fields of compact-star physics, cosmology and high-energy astrophysics, especially gamma-ray bursts and afterglow physics. ||
|-id=024
| 91024 Széchenyi || || Count István Széchenyi (1791–1860), known as "The Greatest Hungarian", was a writer, reformer and patriot. In addition to promoting the first permanent bridge between Buda and Pest, he became famous for donating a year's income toward the foundation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. ||
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91101–91200
|-id=199
| 91199 Johngray || || John Gray (born 1948), is a British philosopher who considers morality to be an illusion and mankind a rapacious species engaged in wiping out other forms of life while destroying its natural environment. ||
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91201–91300
|-id=213
| 91213 Bot
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAPP
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IAPP may refer to:
Science and technology
Islet amyloid polypeptide, a protein produced by the pancreatic beta-cell that has been linked to type II diabetes
Inter-Access Point Protocol (IEEE 802.11F), an optional extension to IEEE 802.11 that provides wireless access-point communications among multivendor systems
iOS application or iApp
Organisations
International Association of Panoramic Photographers
International Association of Privacy Professionals
International Association of Parliamentarians for Peace
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%20Reef
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The Bar Reef is a system of coral reefs just offshore from Sri Lanka's Kalpitiya peninsula. It has the greatest biodiversity of any coral reef in the waters around India and is one of the few pristine coral reef systems in Sri Lanka.
It is a complex of reefs which stretch parallel to the coast from the northern end of the Kalpitiya peninsula to the islands which separate Portugal Bay from the Gulf of Mannar.
It has high ecological, biological and aesthetic significance, being home to 156 species of coral and 283 species of fish.
The Bar Reef was declared a marine sanctuary in 1992. The reserve covers .
Coastal Resources Management Project
For many years there was hardly any management of the Bar Reef and it was under threat both from natural enemies, (crown-of-thorns starfish, coastal erosion and sedimentation) as well as from human activity.
In 1999, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) decided to fund a Coastal Resources Management Project (CRMP) in Sri Lanka, to establish integrated management of coastal resources in order to improve their sustainability by addressing the problems of coastal erosion, pollution, unmanaged fishing, over-exploitation of resources and poverty in the coastal areas.
The Bar Reef was declared part of a Special Management Area (SAM) composed of the northern part of the Kalpitiya peninsula and the islands in Portugal Bay; all areas where human activity impinges directly on the welfare of the reef ecosystem.
The threats to the ecosystem of the B
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urokinase%20receptor
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The Urokinase receptor, also known as urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR) or CD87 (Cluster of Differentiation 87), is a protein encoded in humans by the PLAUR gene. It is a multidomain glycoprotein tethered to the cell membrane with a (GPI) anchor. uPAR was originally identified as a saturable binding site for urokinase (also known as uPA) on the cell surface.
Molecular characteristics
uPAR consists of three tandem LU domains, which are protein domains of the three-finger protein family. The structure of uPAR has been solved by X-ray crystallography in complex with a peptide antagonist and with its native ligand, urokinase. All three three-finger domains are necessary for high affinity binding of the primary ligand, urokinase. In addition, uPAR also interacts with several other proteins, including vitronectin, the uPAR associated protein (uPARAP) and the integrin family of membrane proteins.
It has been possible to express uPAR recombinantly in CHO-cells and S2 cells from Drosophila melanogaster. 4 out of 5 of the possible glycosylation sites are used in vivo giving the protein a molecular weight of 50-60 kDA.
Physiological significance
uPAR is a part of the plasminogen activation system, which in the healthy body is involved in tissue reorganization events such as mammary gland involution and wound healing. In order to be able to reorganize tissue, the old tissue must be able to be degraded. An important mechanism in this degradation is the proteoly
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper-convected%20Maxwell%20model
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The upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) model is a generalisation of the Maxwell material for the case of large deformations using the upper-convected time derivative. The model was proposed by James G. Oldroyd. The concept is named after James Clerk Maxwell.
The model can be written as:
where:
is the stress tensor;
is the relaxation time;
is the upper-convected time derivative of stress tensor:
is the fluid velocity
is material viscosity at steady simple shear;
is the deformation rate tensor.
Case of the steady shear
For this case only two components of the shear stress became non-zero:
and
where is the shear rate.
Thus, the upper-convected Maxwell model predicts for the simple shear that shear stress to be proportional to the shear rate and the first difference of normal stresses () is proportional to the square of the shear rate, the second difference of normal stresses () is always zero. In other words, UCM predicts appearance of the first difference of normal stresses but does not predict non-Newtonian behavior of the shear viscosity nor the second difference of the normal stresses.
Usually quadratic behavior of the first difference of normal stresses and no second difference of the normal stresses is a realistic behavior of polymer melts at moderated shear rates, but constant viscosity is unrealistic and limits usability of the model.
Case of start-up of steady shear
For this case only two components of the shear stress became non-zero:
and
The equations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZIP%20Code%20Tabulation%20Area
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ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) are statistical entities developed by the United States Census Bureau for tabulating summary statistics. These were introduced with the Census 2000 and continued with the 2010 Census and 5 year American Community Survey data sets. This new entity was developed to overcome the difficulties in precisely defining the land area covered by each ZIP code. Defining the extent of an area is necessary in order to tabulate census data for that area.
ZCTAs are generalized area representations of the United States Postal Service (USPS) ZIP code service areas, but are not the same as ZIP codes. Individual USPS ZIP codes can cross state, place, county, census tract, census block group and census block boundaries, so the Census Bureau asserts that "there is no correlation between ZIP codes and Census Bureau geography". Moreover, the USPS frequently realigns, merges, or splits ZIP codes to meet changing needs. These changes are usually not reflected in the annual TIGER releases. Each ZCTA is constructed by aggregating the Census 2010 blocks whose addresses use a given ZIP code. In assembling census statistical units to create ZCTAs, the Census Bureau took the ZIP code used by the majority of addresses in each census unit at the time the data was compiled. As a result, some addresses end up with a ZCTA code that is different from their ZIP code. ZCTAs are not developed for ZIP codes that comprise only a small number of addresses. Several ZCTAs represent ZIPs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len%20Martin
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Leonard Martin (17 April 1919 – 21 August 1995) was an Australian results reader. He was known in the UK for reading out the football results, associated football pools statistics and horse-racing results on the BBC's Saturday afternoon sports programme, Grandstand.
Martin was born in Australia where he began his broadcasting career. He came to England on holiday in 1953 for the Coronation and received a call from the BBC the day before he was due to sail for Australia. He never used his return ticket home, and only twice went back to Australia in 1983 and 1993, on holiday. He performed his role on Grandstand from the programme's very first edition in 1958 until his death in 1995. Martin was well known for his intonation when reading the scores. It was clear from the way in which he presented the home or away team name, followed by number of goals, whether the result was a home win, an away win, a no-score draw or a score draw; this was important for the football pools results. He was succeeded by Tim Gudgin who also used the distinct BBC intonation.
In addition to his role on Grandstand, Martin was a voice-over artist heard on Movietone newsreels. He also used to run four flights of stairs at Lime Grove Studios in the late 1960s after Grandstand to introduce Simon Dee's programme, with 'Simon' elongated, in the distinctive manner.
External links
Death date
1919 births
1995 deaths
British sports broadcasters
Australian emigrants to England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal%20coffee
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A cereal coffee (also known as grain coffee, roasted grain drink or roasted grain beverage) is a hot drink made from one or more cereal grains roasted and commercially processed into crystal or powder form to be reconstituted later in hot water. The product is often marketed as a caffeine-free alternative to coffee and tea, or in other cases where those drinks are scarce or expensive.
Several well-known cereal coffee brands are Nestlé Caro, Postum, and Inka. Other brands can be found at health food stores and at some grocery stores. Some common ingredients include toasted barley, malted barley, rye, chicory, molasses, and beet root.
Use
Asia
Cereal coffee is popular in East Asian cuisines—Korea, Japan, and China each having one or more versions (usually roasted grains simply steeped in hot water).
Barley tea (bori-cha, dàmài-chá, mugi-cha)
Rice tea
Brown rice tea (hyeonmi-cha, nước gạo lứt)
Sungnyung
Corn tea (oksusu-cha)
Job's tears tea (yulmu-cha)
Grain-like seeds and pseudocereals are used to make similar drinks.
Buckwheat tea (memil-cha, soba-cha)
Sicklepod tea (gyeolmyeongja-cha)
Grain teas can also be blended with green tea or other tea drinks.
Brown rice green tea (hyeonmi-nokcha)
Genmaicha
Europe
Some notable Polish brands which specialize in cereal coffee are Inka, Krakus and Anatol.
In Czech Republic, a Kávoviny Melta brand has been roasting grain coffee since 1896.
Such roasted grain mixes are also used as a base to make podpiwek, a type of non-al
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shifting%20dullness
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In medicine, shifting dullness refers to a sign elicited on physical examination for ascites (fluid in the peritoneal cavity).
The test is performed by first percussing the midline of the abdomen to elicit a resonant note due to gas in the abdomen. If there is no area of resonance, then the test cannot be performed. Percussion is then moved progressively more laterally (away from the examiner) – this is depicted as the red section in the diagram on the right – until the note becomes dull, as depicted by the green section. The examiner's index finger remains on the resonant side, and the middle finger remains on the dull side, straddling the fluid-air level. The patient is then asked to lean on their right lateral side (assuming the examiner used the traditional right-sided approach). This stabilises the patient by positioning them between the examiner's hands and body. It is imperative that the examiner's fingers stay in the same position. After waiting sufficient time for any fluid to shift (up to 30 seconds), the dull position is then percussed. It may now be resonant. The percussion may now be performed down the anterior side until a new dullness is found. To confirm a positive result it is recommended that the now resonant area become dull again when the patient is back in the supine position.
If the borders between tympanitic (resonant) and dull notes remain the same, the person probably does not have ascites, or has less than 2 litres of free fluid present. If the flu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloritoid
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Chloritoid is a silicate mineral of metamorphic origin. It is an iron magnesium manganese alumino-silicate hydroxide with formula . It occurs as greenish grey to black platy micaceous crystals and foliated masses. Its Mohs hardness is 6.5, unusually high for a platy mineral, and it has a specific gravity of 3.52 to 3.57. It typically occurs in phyllites, schists and marbles.
Both monoclinic and triclinic polytypes exist and both are pseudohexagonal.
It was first described in 1837 from localities in the Ural Mountains region of Russia. It was named for its similarity to the chlorite group of minerals.
References
Iron(II) minerals
Magnesium minerals
Manganese(II) minerals
Aluminium minerals
Nesosilicates
Monoclinic minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Minerals in space group 15
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53%20equal%20temperament
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In music, 53 equal temperament, called 53 TET, 53 EDO, or 53 ET, is the tempered scale derived by dividing the octave into 53 equal steps (equal frequency ratios). Each step represents a frequency ratio of 2, or 22.6415 cents (), an interval sometimes called the Holdrian comma.
53-TET is a tuning of equal temperament in which the tempered perfect fifth is 701.89 cents wide, as shown in Figure 1.
The 53-TET tuning equates to the unison, or tempers out, the intervals , known as the schisma, and , known as the kleisma. These are both 5 limit intervals, involving only the primes 2, 3 and 5 in their factorization, and the fact that 53 ET tempers out both characterizes it completely as a 5 limit temperament: it is the only regular temperament tempering out both of these intervals, or commas, a fact which seems to have first been recognized by Japanese music theorist Shohé Tanaka. Because it tempers these out, 53-TET can be used for both schismatic temperament, tempering out the schisma, and Hanson temperament (also called kleismic), tempering out the kleisma.
The interval of is 4.8 cents sharp in 53-TET, and using it for 7-limit harmony means that the septimal kleisma, the interval , is also tempered out.
History and use
Theoretical interest in this division goes back to antiquity. Jing Fang (78–37 BCE), a Chinese music theorist, observed that a series of 53 just fifths ([]53) is very nearly equal to 31 octaves (231). He calculated this difference with six-digit accuracy to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20polymerase%20chain%20reaction
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Inverse polymerase chain reaction (Inverse PCR) is a variant of the polymerase chain reaction that is used to amplify DNA with only one known sequence. One limitation of conventional PCR is that it requires primers complementary to both termini of the target DNA, but this method allows PCR to be carried out even if only one sequence is available from which primers may be designed.
Inverse PCR is especially useful for the determination of insert locations. For example, various retroviruses and transposons randomly integrate into genomic DNA. To identify the sites where they have entered, the known, "internal" viral or transposon sequences can be used to design primers that will amplify a small portion of the flanking, "external" genomic DNA. The amplified product can then be sequenced and compared with DNA databases to locate the sequence which has been disrupted.
The inverse PCR method involves a series of restriction digests and ligation, resulting in a looped fragment that can be primed for PCR from a single section of known sequence. Then, like other polymerase chain reaction processes, the DNA is amplified by the thermostable DNA polymerase:
A target region with an internal section of known sequence and unknown flanking regions is identified
Genomic DNA is digested into fragments of a few kilobases by a usually low-moderate frequency (6-8 base) cutting restriction enzyme.
Under low DNA concentrations or quick ligation conditions, self-ligation is induced to give a c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20simulated%20annealing
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Adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) is a variant of simulated annealing (SA) algorithm in which the algorithm parameters that control temperature schedule and random step selection are automatically adjusted according to algorithm progress. This makes the algorithm more efficient and less sensitive to user defined parameters than canonical SA. These are in the standard variant often selected on the basis of experience and experimentation (since optimal values are problem dependent), which represents a significant deficiency in practice.
The algorithm works by representing the parameters of the function to be optimized as continuous numbers, and as dimensions of a hypercube (N dimensional space). Some SA algorithms apply Gaussian moves to the state, while others have distributions permitting faster temperature schedules. Imagine the state as a point in a box and the moves as a rugby-ball shaped cloud around it. The temperature and the step size are adjusted so that all of the search space is sampled to a coarse resolution in the early stages, whilst the state is directed to favorable areas in the late stages. Another ASA variant, thermodynamic simulated annealing, automatically adjusts the temperature at each step based on the energy difference between the two states, according to the laws of thermodynamics.
See also
Simulated annealing
Combinatorial optimization
Optimization
References
L. Ingber, ASA-CODE, ASA-REPRINTS, ASA-INFO Global optimization C-code, Caltech Al
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenomatous%20polyposis%20coli
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Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) also known as deleted in polyposis 2.5 (DP2.5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APC gene. The APC protein is a negative regulator that controls beta-catenin concentrations and interacts with E-cadherin, which are involved in cell adhesion. Mutations in the APC gene may result in colorectal cancer and desmoid tumors.
APC is classified as a tumor suppressor gene. Tumor suppressor genes prevent the uncontrolled growth of cells that may result in cancerous tumors. The protein made by the APC gene plays a critical role in several cellular processes that determine whether a cell may develop into a tumor. The APC protein helps control how often a cell divides, how it attaches to other cells within a tissue, how the cell polarizes and the morphogenesis of the 3D structures, or whether a cell moves within or away from tissue. This protein also helps ensure that the chromosome number in cells produced through cell division is correct. The APC protein accomplishes these tasks mainly through association with other proteins, especially those that are involved in cell attachment and signaling. The activity of one protein in particular, beta-catenin, is controlled by the APC protein (see: Wnt signaling pathway). Regulation of beta-catenin prevents genes that stimulate cell division from being turned on too often and prevents cell overgrowth.
The human APC gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 in band q22.2 (5q22.2). The APC gene
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination%20hotspot
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Recombination hotspots are regions in a genome that exhibit elevated rates of recombination relative to a neutral expectation. The recombination rate within hotspots can be hundreds of times that of the surrounding region. Recombination hotspots result from higher DNA break formation in these regions, and apply to both mitotic and meiotic cells. This appellation can refer to recombination events resulting from the uneven distribution of programmed meiotic double-strand breaks.
Meiotic recombination
Meiotic recombination through crossing over is thought to be a mechanism by which a cell promotes correct segregation of homologous chromosomes and the repair of DNA damages. Crossing over requires a DNA double-stranded break followed by strand invasion of the homolog and subsequent repair. Initiation sites for recombination are usually identified by mapping crossing over events through pedigree analysis or through analysis of linkage disequilibrium. Linkage disequilibrium has identified more than 30,000 hotspots within the human genome. In humans, the average number of crossover recombination events per hotspot is one crossover per 1,300 meioses, and the most extreme hotspot has a crossover frequency of one per 110 meioses.
Genomic rearrangements
Recombination can also occur due to errors in DNA replication that lead to genomic rearrangements. These events are often associated with pathology. However, genomic rearrangement is also thought to be a driving force in evolutionary
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUTYH
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MUTYH (mutY DNA glycosylase) is a human gene that encodes a DNA glycosylase, MUTYH glycosylase. It is involved in oxidative DNA damage repair and is part of the base excision repair pathway. The enzyme excises adenine bases from the DNA backbone at sites where adenine is inappropriately paired with guanine, cytosine, or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, a common form of oxidative DNA damage.
The protein is localized to the nucleus and mitochondria. Mutations in this gene result in heritable predisposition to colon and stomach cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Location and structure
MUTYH has its locus on the short (p) arm of chromosome 1 (1p34.1), from base pair 45,464,007 to base pair 45,475,152 (45,794,835–45,806,142). The gene is composed of 16 exons and has a size of 546 amino acids and is approximately 7.1kb. The presence of disulfide crosslinking gives rise to a complex crystal structure of the MUTY-DNA. The protein structure of the MUTYH gene has its N-terminal on the 5’ and the C-terminal on the 3’. Within the N-terminal, there is a helix-hairpin-helix and pseudo helix-hairpin-helix in addition to an iron cluster motif.
Mechanism
Repair of oxidative DNA damage is the result of a collaborative effort of MUTYH, OGG1, and MTH1. MUTYH acts on the adenine base that is mispaired to 8-oxoG, while OGG1 detects and acts on 8-oxoG, removing it.
TP53 transcriptionally regulates MUTYH and may potentially act as a regulat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heme%20oxygenase
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Heme oxygenase, or haem oxygenase, (HMOX, commonly abbreviated as HO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme to produce biliverdin, ferrous ion, and carbon monoxide.
There are many heme degrading enzymes in nature. In general, only aerobic heme degrading enzymes are referred to as HMOX-like enzymes whereas anaerobic enzymes are typically not affiliated with the HMOX family.
Heme oxygenase
Heme oxygenase (alternatively spelled using haem or oxidase) catalyzes the degradation of heme to biliverdin/bilirubin, ferrous ion, and carbon monoxide. The human genome may encode three isoforms of HMOX.
The degradation of heme forms three distinct chromogens as seen in healing cycle of a bruise. This reaction can occur in virtually every cell and platelet; the classic example is the healing process of a contusion, which forms different chromogens as it gradually heals: (red) heme to (green) biliverdin to (yellow) bilirubin which is widely known for jaundice. In general, aside from sharing the functionality of catabolizing heme, all HMOX isoforms share are signature 24-residue sequence considered to be essential for the enzymatic activity.
Though present throughout the body, HMOX is most active in the spleen facilitating degradation of hemoglobin during erythrocyte recycling (approximately 0.8% of the erythrocyte pool per day).
Heme oxygenase 1
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, commonly HO-1) is a member of the heat shock protein (HSP) family identified as HSP32. HO-1 is a 32kDa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutase
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A mutase is an enzyme of the isomerase class that catalyzes the movement of a functional group from one position to another within the same molecule. In other words, mutases catalyze intramolecular group transfers. Examples of mutases include bisphosphoglycerate mutase, which appears in red blood cells and phosphoglycerate mutase, which is an enzyme integral to glycolysis. In glycolysis, it changes 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by moving a single phosphate group within a single molecule.
See also
Phosphoglucomutase
Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
Phosphoglycerate mutase
References
Isomerases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20receiver%20design
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Radio receiver design includes the electronic design of different components of a radio receiver which processes the radio frequency signal from an antenna in order to produce usable information such as audio. The complexity of a modern receiver and the possible range of circuitry and methods employed are more generally covered in electronics and communications engineering. The term radio receiver is understood in this article to mean any device which is intended to receive a radio signal in order to generate useful information from the signal, most notably a recreation of the so-called baseband signal (such as audio) which modulated the radio signal at the time of transmission in a communications or broadcast system.
Fundamental considerations
Design of a radio receiver must consider several fundamental criteria to produce a practical result. The main criteria are gain, selectivity, sensitivity, and stability. The receiver must contain a detector to recover the information initially impressed on the radio carrier signal, a process called modulation.
Gain is required because the signal intercepted by an antenna will have a very low power level, on the order of picowatts or femtowatts. To produce an audible signal in a pair of headphones requires this signal to be amplified a trillion-fold or more. The magnitudes of the required gain are so great that the logarithmic unit decibel is preferred - a gain of 1 trillion times the power is 120 decibels, which is a value achieve
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BirdLife%20Malta
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BirdLife Malta is Malta's biggest environmental movement. The organization's stated aim is to "achieve protection of wild birds, natural habitat and biodiversity".
BirdLife Malta is also Malta's first environment NGO. It was founded in January 1962, and was then known as MOS (Malta Ornithological Society). It started off more as a study group, but quickly came to realize that wild birds were in dire need of protection. Today Birdlife Malta works to protect bird populations.
Malta is a very densely populated small Mediterranean island state, with no truly wild areas left. The biggest threats to birds in Malta are habitat destruction (e.g. new roads, building development, hotels, golf courses), disturbance and direct persecution (hunting, trapping). Malta has been called "the most savagely bird-hostile place in Europe".
BirdLife Malta uses various methods to protect birds. Foremost among its methods are education, especially through schools campaigns, publications, the media and an active junior member section; the management of two wetland nature reserves, namely Għadira and Is-Simar; lobbying the authorities for better bird-protection legislation; assisting the police for better law enforcement; reclaiming and improving degraded habitat; and doing research about birds and their habitat to identify more areas for protection.
BirdLife Malta issues various newsletters and magazines for its membership, and publishes books about natural history. Its latest book is Nature in G
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lange%20model
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The Lange model (or Lange–Lerner theorem) is a neoclassical economic model for a hypothetical socialist economy based on public ownership of the means of production and a trial-and-error approach to determining output targets and achieving economic equilibrium and Pareto efficiency. In this model, the state owns non-labor factors of production, and markets allocate final goods and consumer goods. The Lange model states that if all production is performed by a public body such as the state, and there is a functioning price mechanism, this economy will be Pareto-efficient, like a hypothetical market economy under perfect competition. Unlike models of capitalism, the Lange model is based on direct allocation, by directing enterprise managers to set price equal to marginal cost in order to achieve Pareto efficiency. By contrast, in a capitalist economy, private owners seek to maximize profits, while competitive pressures are relied on to indirectly lower the price, this discourages production with high marginal cost and encourages economies of scale.
This model was first proposed by Oskar R. Lange in 1936 during the socialist calculation debate, and was expanded by economists like H. D. Dickinson and Abba P. Lerner. Although Lange and Lerner called it "market socialism", the Lange model is a form of centrally planned economy where a central planning board allocates investment and capital goods, while markets allocate labor and consumer goods. The planning board simulates a marke
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20City-Pilot%20Mound/Louise%20Municipal%20Airport
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Crystal City-Pilot Mound/Louise Municipal Airport is a registered aerodrome located east of Crystal City, Manitoba, Canada.
References
External links
Page about this aerodrome on COPA's Places to Fly airport directory
Registered aerodromes in Manitoba
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-linking%20immunoprecipitation
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Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP, or CLIP-seq) is a method used in molecular biology that combines UV crosslinking with immunoprecipitation in order to identify RNA binding sites of proteins on a transcriptome-wide scale, thereby increasing our understanding of post-transcriptional regulatory networks. CLIP can be used either with antibodies against endogenous proteins, or with common peptide tags (including FLAG, V5, HA, and others) or affinity purification, which enables the possibility of profiling model organisms or RBPs otherwise lacking suitable antibodies.
Workflow
CLIP begins with the in-vivo cross-linking of RNA-protein complexes using ultraviolet light (UV). Upon UV exposure, covalent bonds are formed between proteins and nucleic acids that are in close proximity (on the order of Angstroms apart). The cross-linked cells are then lysed, RNA is fragmented, and the protein of interest is isolated via immunoprecipitation. In order to allow for priming of reverse transcription, RNA adapters are ligated to the 3' ends, and RNA fragments are labelled to enable the analysis of the RNA-protein complexes after they have been separated from free RNA using gel electrophoresis and membrane transfer. Proteinase K digestion is then performed in order to remove protein from the crosslinked RNA, which leaves a few amino acids at the crosslink site. This often leads to truncation of cDNAs at the crosslinked nucleotide, which is exploited in variants such as iCLIP to incr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%27s%20theorem
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Wigner's theorem, proved by Eugene Wigner in 1931, is a cornerstone of the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. The theorem specifies how physical symmetries such as rotations, translations, and CPT are represented on the Hilbert space of states.
The physical states in a quantum theory are represented by unit vectors in Hilbert space up to a phase factor, i.e. by the complex line or ray the vector spans. In addition, by the Born rule the absolute value of the unit vectors inner product, or equivalently the cosine squared of the angle between the lines the vectors span, corresponds to the transition probability. Ray space, in mathematics known as projective Hilbert space, is the space of all unit vectors in Hilbert space up to the equivalence relation of differing by a phase factor. By Wigner's theorem, any transformation of ray space that preserves the absolute value of the inner products can be represented by a unitary or antiunitary transformation of Hilbert space, which is unique up to a phase factor. As a consequence, the representation of a symmetry group on ray space can be lifted to a projective representation or sometimes even an ordinary representation on Hilbert space.
Rays and ray space
It is a postulate of quantum mechanics that vectors in Hilbert space that are scalar nonzero multiples of each other represent the same pure state. A ray belonging to the vector is the complex line through the origin
.
Two nonzero vectors define the same ray, if an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinge%20theorem
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In geometry, the hinge theorem (sometimes called the open mouth theorem) states that if two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, and the included angle of the first is larger than the included angle of the second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second triangle. This theorem is given as Proposition 24 in Book I of Euclid's Elements.
Scope and generalizations
The hinge theorem holds in Euclidean spaces and more generally in simply connected non-positively curved space forms.
It can be also extended from plane Euclidean geometry to higher dimension Euclidean spaces (e.g., to tetrahedra and more generally to simplices), as has been done for orthocentric tetrahedra (i.e., tetrahedra in which altitudes are concurrent) and more generally for orthocentric simplices (i.e., simplices in which altitudes are concurrent).
Converse
The converse of the hinge theorem is also true: If the two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, and the third side of the first triangle is greater than the third side of the second triangle, then the included angle of the first triangle is larger than the included angle of the second triangle.
In some textbooks, the theorem and its converse are written as the SAS Inequality Theorem and the AAS Inequality Theorem respectively.
References
Elementary geometry
Theorems about triangles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UHF%20%28disambiguation%29
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UHF generally refers to "Ultra high frequency", a radio frequency range.
UHF may also refer to:
Film and television
UHF television broadcasting, the use of the UHF frequency range for television
UHF (film), a 1989 comedy film starring "Weird Al" Yankovic and Michael Richards
UHF (Independent UHF Broadcasting), a Japanese television network
UHF anime, as programming carried by these Japanese independents
Music
UHF (Canadian band), a folk music supergroup
UHF (album)
UHF II
UHF (Portuguese band), a rock band
Ultra High Frequency (band), a New York-based alternative rock band
UHF, an alias used for a one off single also titled "UHF" by Moby
UHF – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack and Other Stuff, soundtrack to the film UHF
Radio
UHF CB, an Australian two-way radio service
UHF connector, a threaded radio frequency coaxial connector
Other
UHF (Ultra High Frequency), a 1990s alternative fashion magazine spun off from Option
Unrestricted Hartree–Fock, an SCF-MO method for calculating open-shell systems
United Hospital Fund, a non-profit health policy research organization in New York, United States
United Housing Foundation, a real estate investment trust in New York, United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner%20syndrome%20helicase
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Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase, also known as DNA helicase, RecQ-like type 3, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the WRN gene. WRN is a member of the RecQ Helicase family. Helicase enzymes generally unwind and separate double-stranded DNA. These activities are necessary before DNA can be copied in preparation for cell division (DNA replication). Helicase enzymes are also critical for making a blueprint of a gene for protein production, a process called transcription. Further evidence suggests that Werner protein plays a critical role in repairing DNA. Overall, this protein helps maintain the structure and integrity of a person's DNA.
The WRN gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 8 between positions 12 and 11.2, from base pair 31,010,319 to base pair 31,150,818.
Structure and function
WRN is a member of the RecQ Helicase family. It is the only RecQ Helicase that contains 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. These exonuclease activities include degradation of recessed 3' ends and initiation of DNA degradation from a gap in dsDNA. WRN is important in repair of double strand breaks by homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining, repair of single nucleotide damages by base excision repair, and is effective in replication arrest recovery. WRN may also be important in telomere maintenance and replication, especially the replication of the G-rich sequences.
WRN is an oligomer that can act as a monomer when unwinding DNA, but as a dimer in solut
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20Conversion%20Devices
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Energy Conversion Devices (ECD) was an American photovoltaics manufacturer of thin-film solar cells made of amorphous silicon used in flexible laminates and in building-integrated photovoltaics. The company was also a manufacturer of rechargeable batteries and other renewable energy related products. ECD was headquartered in Rochester Hills, Michigan.
Through its wholly owned Auburn Hills, Michigan, subsidiary United Solar Ovonic, LLC, better known as Uni-Solar, ECD was at one time the world's largest producer of flexible solar panels. Uni-Solar panels consisted of long rectangular strips with wiring at one end, which could be glued to any suitable supporting surface. They were widely used on flat roofs, motorhomes, semi-trailer cabs and similar roles.
On February 14, 2012, Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. and its subsidiaries, United Solar Ovonic LLC and Solar Integrated Technologies, Inc. filed for bankruptcy in the U.S. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.
Company
Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. (ECD), through its United Solar Ovonic (USO) subsidiary, was engaged in building-integrated and rooftop photovoltaics (PV). The Company manufactured, sold and installed thin-film solar laminates that converted sunlight to electrical energy.
The Company operated in two segments: United Solar Ovonic and Ovonic Materials. The Company's USO segment consisted of its wholly owned subsidiary, United Solar Ovonic LLC, which was engaged in manufacturing o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutaric%20acidemia%20type%202
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Glutaric acidemia type 2 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that is characterised by defects in the ability of the body to use proteins and fats for energy. Incompletely processed proteins and fats can build up, leading to a dangerous chemical imbalance called acidosis.
Individuals with glutaric acidemia type 2 frequently experience exercise-induced muscle fatigue, hypotonia, myalgia, and proximal muscle weakness.
Genetics
Mutations in the ETFA, ETFB, and ETFDH genes cause glutaric acidemia type II. Mutations in these genes result in a deficiency in one of two enzymes that normally work together in the mitochondria, which are the energy-producing centers of cells. The ETFA and ETFB genes encode two subunits of the enzyme electron transfer flavoprotein, while the ETFDH gene encodes the enzyme electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase. When one of these enzymes is defective or missing, the mitochondria cannot function normally, partially broken-down proteins and fats accumulate in the cells and damage them; this damage leads to the signs and symptoms of glutaric acidemia type II.
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and two copies of the gene – one from each parent – are needed to inherit the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder are carriers of one copy of the defective gene, but do not show signs and symptoms of the disorder themselve
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HRAS
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GTPase HRas, from "Harvey Rat sarcoma virus", also known as transforming protein p21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene. The HRAS gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 11 at position 15.5, from base pair 522,241 to base pair 525,549. HRas is a small G protein in the Ras subfamily of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Once bound to Guanosine triphosphate, H-Ras will activate a Raf kinase like c-Raf, the next step in the MAPK/ERK pathway.
Function
GTPase HRas is involved in regulating cell division in response to growth factor stimulation. Growth factors act by binding cell surface receptors that span the cell's plasma membrane. Once activated, receptors stimulate signal transduction events in the cytoplasm, a process by which proteins and second messengers relay signals from outside the cell to the cell nucleus and instructs the cell to grow or divide. The HRAS protein is a GTPase and is an early player in many signal transduction pathways and is usually associated with cell membranes due to the presence of an isoprenyl group on its C-terminus. HRAS acts as a molecular on/off switch, once it is turned on it recruits and activates proteins necessary for the propagation of the receptor's signal, such as c-Raf and PI 3-kinase. HRAS binds to GTP in the active state and possesses an intrinsic enzymatic activity that cleaves the terminal phosphate of this nucleotide converting it to GDP. Upon conversion of GTP to GDP, HRAS is turned off. The ra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20crystal%20truncation%20rod
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X-ray crystal truncation rod scattering is a powerful method in surface science, based on analysis of surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) patterns from a crystalline surface.
For an infinite crystal, the diffracted pattern is concentrated in Dirac delta function like Bragg peaks. Presence of crystalline surfaces results in additional structure along so-called truncation rods (linear regions in momentum space normal to the surface). Crystal Truncation Rod (CTR) measurements allow detailed determination of atomic structure at the surface, especially useful in cases of oxidation, epitaxial growth, and adsorption studies on crystalline surfaces.
Theory
A particle incident on a crystalline surface with momentum will undergo scattering through a momentum change of . If and represent directions in the plane of the surface and is perpendicular to the surface, then the scattered intensity as a function of all possible values of is given by
Where is the penetration coefficient, defined as the ratio of x-ray amplitudes scattered from successive planes of atoms in the crystal, and , , and are the lattice spacings in the x, y, and z directions, respectively.
In the case of perfect absorption, , and the intensity becomes independent of , with a maximum for any (the component of parallel to the crystal surface) that satisfies the 2D Laue condition in reciprocal space
for integers and . This condition results in rods of intensity in reciprocal space, oriented perpendicular to t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsallis%20entropy
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In physics, the Tsallis entropy is a generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy.
Overview
The concept was introduced in 1988 by Constantino Tsallis as a basis for generalizing the standard statistical mechanics and is identical in form to Havrda–Charvát structural α-entropy, introduced in 1967 within information theory. In scientific literature, the physical relevance of the Tsallis entropy has been debated. However, from the years 2000 on, an increasingly wide spectrum of natural, artificial and social complex systems have been identified which confirm the predictions and consequences that are derived from this nonadditive entropy, such as nonextensive statistical mechanics, which generalizes the Boltzmann–Gibbs theory.
Among the various experimental verifications and applications presently available in the literature, the following ones deserve a special mention:
The distribution characterizing the motion of cold atoms in dissipative optical lattices predicted in 2003 and observed in 2006.
The fluctuations of the magnetic field in the solar wind enabled the calculation of the q-triplet (or Tsallis triplet).
The velocity distributions in a driven dissipative dusty plasma.
Spin glass relaxation.
Trapped ion interacting with a classical buffer gas.
High energy collisional experiments at LHC/CERN (CMS, ATLAS and ALICE detectors) and RHIC/Brookhaven (STAR and PHENIX detectors).
Among the various available theoretical results which clarify the physical condi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral%20certainty
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Moral certainty is a concept of intuitive probability. It means a very high degree of probability, sufficient for action, but short of absolute or mathematical certainty.
Origins
The notion of different degrees of certainty can be traced back to a statement in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics that one must be content with the kind of certainty appropriate to different subject matters, so that in practical decisions one cannot expect the certainty of mathematics.
The Latin phrase moralis certitudo was first used by the French philosopher Jean Gerson about 1400, to provide a basis for moral action that could (if necessary) be less exact than Aristotelian practical knowledge, thus avoiding the dangers of philosophical scepticism and opening the way for a benevolent casuistry.
The Oxford English Dictionary mentions occurrences in English from 1637.
Law
In law, moral (or 'virtual') certainty has been associated with verdicts based on certainty beyond a reasonable doubt.
Legal debate about instructions to seek a moral certainty has turned on the changing definitions of the phrase over time. Whereas it can be understood as an equivalent to 'beyond reasonable doubt', in another sense moral certainty refers to a firm conviction which does not correlate but rather opposes evidentiary certainty: i.e. one may have a firm subjective gut feeling of guilt – a feeling of moral certainty – without the evidence necessarily justifying a guilty conviction.
See also
Argument from ignorance
Pr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocarboxylase%20synthetase
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Holocarboxylase synthetase (biotin—(propionyl-Coenzyme A-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolysing)) ligase)), also known as protein—biotin ligase, is a family of enzymes (). This enzyme is important for the effective use of biotin, a B vitamin found in foods such as liver, egg yolks, and milk. In many of the body's tissues, holocarboxylase synthetase activates other specific enzymes (called biotin-dependent carboxylases) by attaching biotin to them. These carboxylases are involved in many critical cellular functions, including the production and breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
The catalyzed reaction:
ATP + biotin + apo-propionyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) AMP + diphosphate + propionyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, biotin, and [[apo-[propionyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)]], whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and propionyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming).
Holocarboxylase synthetase may also play a role in regulating the activity of genes. In the nucleus, the enzyme likely attaches biotin molecules to histones, which are structural proteins that bind to DNA and give chromosomes their shape. Changing the shape of histones may help determine whether certain genes are turned on or off; however, it is not known how adding biotin affects gene regulation.
The HLCS gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 21 at position 22.1, from base pair 37,045,059 to base pair 37,284,372
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGLQ
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WGLQ is an FM radio station serving the central portion of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. WGLQ broadcasts at a frequency of 97.1 megahertz and its studios and offices are located on Ludington Ave in Escanaba, Michigan. The station airs a Top 40 (CHR) format. WGLQ's transmitter is co-located on the WJMN-TV tower located 30 miles north of Escanaba near the town of Trenary, which extends 1,070 feet high.
History
The station first signed on in 1976 as WKZY-FM, playing beautiful music and then evolving into an adult contemporary format as "Z97", and then back to beautiful music. On April 26, 1982, the call letters were changed to WGLQ, and the format became CHR as "The Rhythm of the Great Lakes." Magic 97 was a "live-assist" station with TM Programming's Stereo Rock format for a time, then converted to fully local programming in the late 1980s. The format has cycled back and forth between mainstream and Adult Top 40 over the years. Current staff includes TJ Ryan, Susie Larson, Kent Bergstrom, and Tommy Kay.
References
Michiguide.com - WGLQ History
External links
GLQ
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1976
1976 establishments in Michigan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP7A
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ATP7A, also known as Menkes' protein (MNK), is a copper-transporting P-type ATPase which uses the energy arising from ATP hydrolysis to transport Cu(I) across cell membranes. The ATP7A protein is a transmembrane protein and is expressed in the intestine and all tissues except liver. In the intestine, ATP7A regulates Cu(I) absorption in the human body by transporting Cu(I) from the small intestine into the blood. In other tissues, ATP7A shuttles between the Golgi apparatus and the cell membrane to maintain proper Cu(I) concentrations (since there is no free Cu(I) in the cell, Cu(I) ions are all tightly bound) in the cell and provides certain enzymes with Cu(I) (e.g. peptidyl-α-monooxygenase, tyrosinase, and lysyl oxidase). The X-linked, inherited, lethal genetic disorder of the ATP7A gene causes Menkes disease, a copper deficiency resulting in early childhood death.
Gene
The ATP7A gene is located on the long (q) arm of the X chromosome at band Xq21.1. The encoded ATP7A protein has 1,500 amino acids. At least 12 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered. Mutations/additions/deletions of this gene often cause copper deficiency, which leads to progressive neurodegeneration and death in children.
Structure
ATP7A is a transmembrane protein with the N- and C-termini both oriented towards the cytosol (see picture). It is highly homologous to protein ATP7B. ATP7A contains three major functional domains:
Eight transmembrane segments that form a channel and all
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical%20resonance
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Mechanical resonance is the tendency of a mechanical system to respond at greater amplitude when the frequency of its oscillations matches the system's natural frequency of vibration (its resonance frequency or resonant frequency) closer than it does other frequencies. It may cause violent swaying motions and potentially catastrophic failure in improperly constructed structures including bridges, buildings and airplanes. This is a phenomenon known as resonance disaster.
Avoiding resonance disasters is a major concern in every building, tower and bridge construction project. The Taipei 101 building relies on a 660-ton pendulum—a tuned mass damper—to modify the response at resonance. The structure is also designed to resonate at a frequency which does not typically occur. Buildings in seismic zones are often constructed to take into account the oscillating frequencies of expected ground motion. Engineers designing objects having engines must ensure that the mechanical resonant frequencies of the component parts do not match driving vibrational frequencies of the motors or other strongly oscillating parts.
Many resonant objects have more than one resonance frequency. Such objects will vibrate easily at those frequencies, and less so at other frequencies. Many clocks keep time by mechanical resonance in a balance wheel, pendulum, or quartz crystal.
Description
The natural frequency of a simple mechanical system consisting of a weight suspended by a spring is:
where m is the m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20resonance
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Electrical resonance occurs in an electric circuit at a particular resonant frequency when the impedances or admittances of circuit elements cancel each other. In some circuits, this happens when the impedance between the input and output of the circuit is almost zero and the transfer function is close to one.
Resonant circuits exhibit ringing and can generate higher voltages or currents than are fed into them. They are widely used in wireless (radio) transmission for both transmission and reception.
LC circuits
Resonance of a circuit involving capacitors and inductors occurs because the collapsing magnetic field of the inductor generates an electric current in its windings that charges the capacitor, and then the discharging capacitor provides an electric current that builds the magnetic field in the inductor. This process is repeated continually. An analogy is a mechanical pendulum, and both are a form of simple harmonic oscillator.
At resonance, the series impedance of the LR circuit is at a minimum and the parallel impedance is at maximum. Resonance is used for tuning and filtering, because it occurs at a particular frequency for given values of inductance and capacitance. It can be detrimental to the operation of communications circuits by causing unwanted sustained and transient oscillations that may cause noise, signal distortion, and damage to circuit elements.
Parallel resonance or near-to-resonance circuits can be used to prevent the waste of electrical energy,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20resonance
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Acoustic resonance is a phenomenon in which an acoustic system amplifies sound waves whose frequency matches one of its own natural frequencies of vibration (its resonance frequencies).
The term "acoustic resonance" is sometimes used to narrow mechanical resonance to the frequency range of human hearing, but since acoustics is defined in general terms concerning vibrational waves in matter, acoustic resonance can occur at frequencies outside the range of human hearing.
An acoustically resonant object usually has more than one resonance frequency, especially at harmonics of the strongest resonance. It will easily vibrate at those frequencies, and vibrate less strongly at other frequencies. It will "pick out" its resonance frequency from a complex excitation, such as an impulse or a wideband noise excitation. In effect, it is filtering out all frequencies other than its resonance.
Acoustic resonance is an important consideration for instrument builders, as most acoustic instruments use resonators, such as the strings and body of a violin, the length of tube in a flute, and the shape of a drum membrane. Acoustic resonance is also important for hearing. For example, resonance of a stiff structural element, called the basilar membrane within the cochlea of the inner ear allows hair cells on the membrane to detect sound. (For mammals the membrane has tapering resonances across its length so that high frequencies are concentrated on one end and low frequencies on the other.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLT
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KLT may refer to:
Kalmar Länstrafik, a regional transportation authority of Kalmar County, Sweden.
Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi Feature Tracker, a computer vision algorithm
Karhunen–Loève transform, a mathematical procedure
Kawamata log terminal, a type of singularity in algebraic geometry
Kernel-level thread
Kernev, Leon and Treger, the Breton names for Cornouaille, Leon and Trégor
Kleinladungsträger, German name to indicate Euro container
Kids Learning Tube, an American educational web series created by Matthew Lawrence
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFT
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IFT may refer to:
"I.F.T." (Breaking Bad), an episode of Breaking Bad
Federal Telecommunications Institute (), a government agency of Mexico
Implicit function theorem
Independent Film Trust
Information field theory
Initial Flight Training
Initiative for Free Trade
Institute of Food Technologists
Institute for Tourism Studies, Macao ()
Interferential therapy
International Federation of Translators
Intraflagellar transport
Inverse Fourier transform
Inverse function theorem
Irish Film Theatre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle%20per%20second
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The cycle per second is a once-common English name for the unit of frequency now known as the hertz (Hz). Cycles per second may be denoted by c.p.s., c/s, or, ambiguously, just "cycles" (Cyc., Cy., C, or c). The term comes from repetitive phenomena such as sound waves having a frequency measurable as a number of oscillations, or cycles, per second.
With the organization of the International System of Units in 1960, the cycle per second was officially replaced by the hertz, or reciprocal second, "s−1" or "1/s". Symbolically, "cycle per second" units are "cycle/second", while hertz is "Hz" or "s−1". For higher frequencies, kilocycles (kc), as an abbreviation of kilocycles per second were often used on components or devices. Other higher units like megacycle (Mc) and less commonly kilomegacycle (kMc) were used before 1960
and in some later documents. These have modern equivalents such as kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), and gigahertz (GHz). Following the introduction of the SI standard, use of these terms began to fall off in favor of the new unit, with hertz becoming the dominant convention in both academic and colloquial speech by the 1970s.
Cycle can also be a unit for measuring usage of reciprocating machines, especially presses, in which cases cycle refers to one complete revolution of the mechanism being measured (i.e. the shaft of a reciprocating engine).
Derived units include cycles per day (cpd) and cycles per year (cpy).
See also
Cycles per instruction (CPI)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBP
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KBP can mean:
Kabye language, ISO 639-3 code
Knowledge-based_processor, used for processing packets in computer networks
Kilo-base pair (kb or kbp), a unit of measurement of DNA or RNA length used in genetics
Boryspil International Airport, its IATA airport code
KBP Instrument Design Bureau, a weapons manufacturer
Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (Association of Broadcasters in the Philippines), the independent and self-regulatory association of radio and television stations and broadcasters in the Philippines.
Kappa Beta Pi, a legal association and former sorority.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen%2C%20type%20XI%2C%20alpha%202
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Collagen alpha-2(XI) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL11A2 gene.
The COL11A2 gene produces one component of this type of collagen, called the pro-alpha2(XI) chain. Type XI collagen adds structure and strength to the tissues that support the body's muscles, joints, organs and skin (the connective tissue). Type XI collagen is normally found in cartilage as well as the fluid that fills the eyeball, the inner ear, and the center portion of the discs between the vertebrae in the spine (nucleus pulposus). Type XI collagen also helps maintain the spacing and diameter of type II collagen fibrils. Type II collagen is an important component of the eye and mature cartilage tissue. The size and arrangement of type II collagen fibrils is essential for the normal structure of these tissues.
The pro-alpha2(XI) chain combines with pro-alpha1(XI) and pro-alpha1(II)collagen chains to form a procollagen molecule. These triple-stranded, ropelike procollagen molecules must be processed by enzymes in the cell. Once processed, these procollagen molecules leave the cell and arrange themselves into long, thin fibrils that cross-link to one another in the spaces around cells. The cross-linkages result in the formation of very strong mature type XI collagen fibers.
The COL11A2 gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 6 at position 21.3, from base pair 33,238,446 to base pair 33,268,222.
Function
This gene encodes one of the two alpha chains of type XI collagen, a m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Sussman
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Joel L. Sussman (born September 24, 1943) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for his studies on acetylcholinesterase, a key protein involved in transmission of nerve signals. He is the Morton and Gladys Pickman Professor of Structural Biology at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot and its director of the Israel Structural Proteomics Center.
Early life and education
Sussman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
In 1965, Sussman received his B.A. at Cornell University in math and physics. He received his PhD from MIT in biophysics in 1972, having worked with Cyrus Levinthal. Sussman conducted postdoctoral research in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1972, with Yehuda Lapidot, and in the Duke University in 1973 with Sung-Hou Kim.
Appointments and positions held
Sussman has been a Professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science since 1976.
1984–85 – Head, Department of Structural Chemistry
1988–89 – Head, Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular Structure and Assembly
2002–14 – Incumbent of the Morton and Gladys Pickman Chair of Structural Biology
2016-now – Professor Emeritus
In 1994–99, he was also the director of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Scientific interests and contributions
Sussman was a pioneer of macromolecular refinement, developing CORELS and applying it to yeast tRNAphe. He subsequently determined the structures of 'bulge'-containing DNA fragments as models for insertion mutations.
Sussman's current
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabieite
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Sabieite is a mineral with the chemical formula (NH4)Fe3+(SO4)2. Its type locality is Lone Creek Falls cave, Sabie, Pilgrim's Rest District Ehlanzeni, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Its crystals are trigonal to trapezohedral. It is white and leaves a white streak. It is transparent and has an earthy luster. Sabieite is rated 2 on the Mohs Scale.
References
Webmineral.com - Sabieite
Mindat.org - Sabieite
Handbook of Mineralogy - Sabieite
Iron(III) minerals
Sulfate minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 150
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-unit%20recording
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In neuroscience, single-unit recordings (also, single-neuron recordings) provide a method of measuring the electro-physiological responses of a single neuron using a microelectrode system. When a neuron generates an action potential, the signal propagates down the neuron as a current which flows in and out of the cell through excitable membrane regions in the soma and axon. A microelectrode is inserted into the brain, where it can record the rate of change in voltage with respect to time. These microelectrodes must be fine-tipped, impedance matching; they are primarily glass micro-pipettes, metal microelectrodes made of platinum, tungsten, iridium or even iridium oxide. Microelectrodes can be carefully placed close to the cell membrane, allowing the ability to record extracellularly.
Single-unit recordings are widely used in cognitive science, where it permits the analysis of human cognition and cortical mapping. This information can then be applied to brain–machine interface (BMI) technologies for brain control of external devices.
Overview
There are many techniques available to record brain activity—including electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)—but these do not allow for single-neuron resolution. Neurons are the basic functional units in the brain; they transmit information through the body using electrical signals called action potentials. Currently, single-unit recordings provide the most precise
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz%20theorem
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There are several theorems known as the Helmholtz theorem:
Helmholtz decomposition, also known as the fundamental theorem of vector calculus
Helmholtz reciprocity in optics
Helmholtz theorem (classical mechanics)
Helmholtz's theorems in fluid mechanics
Helmholtz minimum dissipation theorem
See also
Helmholtz–Thévenin theorem
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb%20Raider%3A%20Legend
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Tomb Raider: Legend is an action-adventure video game developed by Crystal Dynamics and published by Eidos Interactive. It is the seventh main entry in the Tomb Raider series and a reboot of the series that reimagined the origins and character of series protagonist Lara Croft. The game was released in 2006 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation Portable, GameCube, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, and mobile phones. A PlayStation 3 port was released in 2011 as part of The Tomb Raider Trilogy.
Legend details Lara Croft's quest for the mythical sword Excalibur, racing across the world against her former friend Amanda Evert. Gameplay features Lara navigating linear levels, fighting enemies and solving environmental puzzles to progress. The DS and GBA versions share the game's story while sporting gameplay adjusted for the platforms. The mobile version adapts locations from the game into on rails command-based platforming and combat scenarios.
Following the critical failure of Core Design's Tomb Raider: The Angel of Darkness, Eidos transferred development of the next Tomb Raider to American developer Crystal Dynamics, who began production in 2004. The aim was to revitalise the franchise, with both the gameplay and Lara herself being redesigned. Lara's creator Toby Gard was brought on board to help with this and was deeply involved with the project. Composer Troels Brun Folmann designed the music to change during levels as the player progresses.
Legend r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurel%20Stodola
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Aurel Boleslav Stodola (11 May 1859 – 25 December 1942) was a Slovak engineer, physicist, and inventor. He was a pioneer in the area of technical thermodynamics and its applications and published his book Die Dampfturbine (the steam turbine) in 1903. In addition to the thermodynamic issues involved in turbine design the book discussed aspects of fluid flow, vibration, stress analysis of plates, shells and rotating discs and stress concentrations at holes and fillets. Stodola was a professor of mechanical engineering at the Swiss Polytechnical Institute (now ETH) in Zurich. He maintained friendly contact with Albert Einstein. In 1892, Stodola founded the Laboratory for Energy Conversion.
Biography
Aurel Stodola was born in Vrbica-Hušták (now a part of Liptovský Mikuláš), in the Kingdom of Hungary (now in Slovakia) on 11 May 1859. His father Ondrej Stodola was a leather manufacturer. His mother was Anna (born Kováčová). He was baptized as Aurel Bohuslav, but he used just name Aurel. He was baptized by the famous person of the Slovak emancipation movement, Protestant priest, poet, linguist, and representative of the Slovak national movement in 1840s Michal Miloslav Hodža.
Education
He attended a local primary school in Vrbica, Liptovský Mikuláš. After first four years, he went to town called Stráže pod Tatrami (now Poprad) in order to improve his German. There was a strong German speaking community and this practice was very usual. He attended secondary education in Levoča
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmahog
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Kilmahog (: Cell of St. Chug) is a hamlet situated half a mile to the west of Callander, Scotland.
Toponym
Kilmahog is supposedly derived from the Scottish Gaelic, Cille MoChùig, meaning cell of Chug (a church dedicated to Saint Chug). Although a medieval chapel was located at Kilmahog, the identity of Chug is not authentically known. Place name scholars have proposed that this could be Saint Cuaca from Meath in Ireland. Alternative evidence suggests that this Saint is the sixth century Saint Machutus (who may have originally been named Mahagw).
Geography
Kilmahog lies on the Garbh Uisge, also known as the "River Leny", at the junction of the Trossachs and Lochearnhead roads. The village today consists of a few houses and two woollen mill retail facilities (the Trossachs Woollen Mill and the Kilmahog Woollen Mill,) with farm land to the north and forestry to the south. One of the woollen mills retains a working loom. There is a local pub, near the site of the old chapel, called The Lade Inn, and the Scottish Real Ale shop, which aims to stock all bottled Scottish ales. The "lade" is a man-made diversion from the river that was used to power the watermills.
Nearby, Samson's Putting Stone sits precariously on Bochastle hill. Local legend has it that the stone came to be there as a result of a putting competition between a family of giants. The winner of the competition was Samson who lived on Ben Ledi (other versions of the legend mention Ben Lawers). A modern interpretation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet%20Planet%20Beverages
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Wet Planet Beverages, of Pittsford, New York, was the company which produces Jolt Cola, Napa Valley Soda, Thornwood Estates, Autumn Frost, and DNA. They are also a distributor for Martinelli's Sparkling Cider.
On September 28, 2009, The Jolt Company, Inc. filed Chapter 11 proceedings in the United States Bankruptcy Court in Rochester, New York and simultaneously filed a motion to permit sale of the company's assets through a court-approved sale. It declared bankruptcy after failing to meet the demands from Rexam to fulfill an agreement over buying resealable cans.
Eight years later, Jolt Cola returned to the market through an exclusive agreement with Dollar General Stores. Wet Planet Beverages no longer owns the Jolt Cola name; the current revival is credited to Manhattan-based ECC Jolt, LLC.
References
Companies based in Monroe County, New York
Drink companies of the United States
Food and drink companies based in New York (state)
Soft drinks manufacturers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundaneum
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The Mundaneum was an institution which aimed to gather together all the world's knowledge and classify it according to a system called the Universal Decimal Classification. It was developed at the turn of the 20th century by Belgian lawyers Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. The Mundaneum has been identified as a milestone in the history of data collection and management, and (somewhat more tenuously) as a precursor to the Internet.
In the 21st century, the Mundaneum is a non-profit organisation based in Mons, Belgium, that runs an exhibition space, website and archive, which celebrate the legacy of the original Mundaneum.
History
The Mundaneum was created in 1910, following an initiative begun in 1895 by Belgian lawyers Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine, as part of their work on documentation science. Otlet first called it the Palais Mondial ("world palace"), and it occupied the left wing of the Palais du Cinquantenaire, a government building in Brussels. Otlet and La Fontaine organized an International Conference of International Associations, which was the origin of the Union of International Associations (UIA).
Otlet regarded the project as the centrepiece of a new "world city"—a centrepiece, which eventually became an archive with more than 12 million index cards and documents. Some consider it a forerunner of the Internet (or, perhaps more appropriately, of systematic knowledge projects such as Wikipedia and WolframAlpha), and Otlet himself had dreams that one day, som
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEO%20contest
|
An SEO contest is a prize activity that challenges search engine optimization (SEO) practitioners to achieve high ranking under major search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and MSN using certain keyword(s). This type of contest is controversial because it often leads to massive amounts of link spamming as participants try to boost the rankings of their pages by any means available. The SEO competitors hold the activity without the promotion of a product or service in mind, or they may organize a contest in order to market something on the Internet. Participants can showcase their skills and potentially discover and share new techniques for promoting websites.
History
The first recorded SEO contest was Schnitzelmitkartoffelsalat by German webmasters, started on November 15, 2002, in the German-language usenet group de.comm.infosystems.www.authoring.misc. In the English-language world, the nigritude ultramarine competition created by DarkBlue.com and run by SearchGuild is widely acclaimed as the mother of all SEO contests. It was started on May 7, 2004, and was won two months later by Anil Dash. On September 1 of the same year, webmasters were challenged to rank number 1 on Google in three months' time for the search phrase seraphim proudleduck.
In the first quarter of 2005, people were competing for the term loquine glupe, spawning web sites ranging from shampoo advertising to holiday resorts. The page that won in the end used many questionable techniques like "keyword stuff
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltamethrin
|
Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid ester insecticide. Deltamethrin plays a key role in controlling malaria vectors, and is used in the manufacture of long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets; however, resistance of mosquitos and bed bugs to deltamethrin has seen a widespread increase.
Deltamethrin is toxic to aquatic life, particularly fish. Although generally considered safe to use around humans, it is still neurotoxic. It is an allergen and causes asthma in some people.
Usage
Deltamethrin is a highly effective insecticide. It is used, among other applications, for the production of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), which, along with indoor residual spraying (IRS), are the main vector control strategies recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the management of malaria.
Deltamethrin plays a key role in controlling malaria vectors, and is used in the manufacture of long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets. It is used as one of a battery of pyrethroid insecticides in control of malarial vectors, particularly Anopheles gambiae, and whilst being the most employed pyrethroid insecticide, can be used in conjunction with, or as an alternative to, permethrin, cypermethrin and organophosphate-based insecticides, such as malathion and fenthion. Resistance to deltamethrin (and its counterparts) is now extremely widespread and threatens the success of worldwide vector control programmes.
Production
Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid composed of a single stereoisomer, of a po
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaffold%20protein
|
In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signalling pathway, tethering them into complexes. In such pathways, they regulate signal transduction and help localize pathway components (organized in complexes) to specific areas of the cell such as the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, the nucleus, the Golgi, endosomes, and the mitochondria.
History
The first signaling scaffold protein discovered was the Ste5 protein from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three distinct domains of Ste5 were shown to associate with the protein kinases Ste11, Ste7, and Fus3 to form a multikinase complex.
Function
Scaffold proteins act in at least four ways: tethering signaling components, localizing these components to specific areas of the cell, regulating signal transduction by coordinating positive and negative feedback signals, and insulating correct signaling proteins from competing proteins.
Tethering signaling components
This particular function is considered a scaffold's most basic function. Scaffolds assemble signaling components of a cascade into complexes. This assembly may be able to enhance signaling specificity by preventing unnecessary interactions between signaling proteins, and enhance signaling efficiency by increasing the proximity and effective concentration of components in the scaffold complex. A common
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlyctenular%20keratoconjunctivitis
|
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is an inflammatory syndrome caused by a delayed (aka type-IV) hypersensitivity reaction to one or more antigens. The triggering antigen is usually a bacterial protein (particularly from Staphylococcus aureus), but may also be a virus, fungus (particularly Candida albicans), or nematode.
Symptoms
Irritation
Discomfort or pain
Foreign-body sensation
Tearing
Blepharospasm
Photophobia
Mucopurulent discharge (rarely)
In cases where the cornea is affected, pain and photophobia are more likely, and corneal scarring can occur (potentially impairing vision).
Presentation
The syndrome is marked by the appearance of characteristic lesions, known as phlyctenules, on the cornea and/or conjunctiva. These usually manifest as small (1 - 3 or 1 - 4 mm) raised nodules, pinkish-white or yellow in color, which may ulcerate (or, more rarely, necrose) and are often surrounded by dilated blood vessels. Corneal lesions are usually triangular in shape, with the base at the limbus and the apex pointing towards the center of the cornea.
Diagnosis
Clinical findings of corneal lesion or corneal ulceration.
Treatment
The symptoms of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis are primarily treated with application of an appropriate corticosteroid eye drop, such as prednisolone acetate (Pred Forte) or loteprednol (Lotemax). Loteprednol is increasingly preferred due to its lower risk of elevating intraocular pressure. The corticosteroid suppresses the immune respon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%20%28mathematics%29
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A scalar is an element of a field which is used to define a vector space.
In linear algebra, real numbers or generally elements of a field are called scalars and relate to vectors in an associated vector space through the operation of scalar multiplication (defined in the vector space), in which a vector can be multiplied by a scalar in the defined way to produce another vector. Generally speaking, a vector space may be defined by using any field instead of real numbers (such as complex numbers). Then scalars of that vector space will be elements of the associated field (such as complex numbers).
A scalar product operation – not to be confused with scalar multiplication – may be defined on a vector space, allowing two vectors to be multiplied in the defined way to produce a scalar. A vector space equipped with a scalar product is called an inner product space.
A quantity described by multiple scalars, such as having both direction and magnitude, is called a vector.
The term scalar is also sometimes used informally to mean a vector, matrix, tensor, or other, usually, "compound" value that is actually reduced to a single component. Thus, for example, the product of a 1 × n matrix and an n × 1 matrix, which is formally a 1 × 1 matrix, is often said to be a scalar.
The real component of a quaternion is also called its scalar part.
The term scalar matrix is used to denote a matrix of the form kI where k is a scalar and I is the identity matrix.
Etymology
The word scalar deriv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%20%28physics%29
|
In physics, scalars (or scalar quantities) are physical quantities that are unaffected by changes to a vector space basis (i.e., a coordinate system transformation). Scalars are often accompanied by units of measurement, as in "10cm".
Examples of scalar quantities are mass, distance, charge, volume, time, speed, and the magnitude of physical vectors in general (such as velocity).
A change of a vector space basis changes the description of a vector in terms of the basis used but does not change the vector itself, while a scalar has nothing to do with this change. In classical physics, like Newtonian mechanics, rotations and reflections preserve scalars, while in relativity, Lorentz transformations or space-time translations preserve scalars. The term "scalar" has origin in the multiplication of vectors by a unitless scalar, which is a uniform scaling transformation.
Relationship with the mathematical concept
A scalar in physics is also a scalar in mathematics, as an element of a mathematical field used to define a vector space. For example, the magnitude (or length) of an electric field vector is calculated as the square root of its absolute square (the inner product of the electric field with itself); so, the inner product's result is an element of the mathematical field for the vector space in which the electric field is described. As the vector space in this example and usual cases in physics is defined over the mathematical field of real numbers or complex numbers, the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christofides%20algorithm
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The Christofides algorithm or Christofides–Serdyukov algorithm is an algorithm for finding approximate solutions to the travelling salesman problem, on instances where the distances form a metric space (they are symmetric and obey the triangle inequality).
It is an approximation algorithm that guarantees that its solutions will be within a factor of 3/2 of the optimal solution length, and is named after Nicos Christofides and Anatoliy I. Serdyukov, who discovered it independently in 1976.
This algorithm still stands as the best polynomial time approximation algorithm that has been thoroughly peer-reviewed by the relevant scientific community for the traveling salesman problem on general metric spaces. In July 2020 however, Karlin, Klein, and Gharan released a preprint in which they introduced a novel approximation algorithm and claimed that its approximation ratio is 1.5 − 10−36. Their method follows similar principles to Christofides' algorithm, but uses a randomly chosen tree from a carefully chosen random distribution in place of the minimum spanning tree. The paper was published at STOC'21 where it received a best paper award.
Algorithm
Let be an instance of the travelling salesman problem. That is, is a complete graph on the set of vertices, and the function assigns a nonnegative real weight to every edge of .
According to the triangle inequality, for every three vertices , , and , it should be the case that .
Then the algorithm can be described in pseudocode as
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDEC%20%28AM%29
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KDEC (1240 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station broadcasting in Decorah, Iowa. KDEC airs an adult contemporary format branded as "The River".
KDEC broadcasts on a frequency shared with local non-commercial college radio station KWLC.
History
In 1926, Decorah's first radio station started broadcasting from the south end of the second floor of the Ben Bear building, with Charles Greenley the announcer. Charles Greenley had been an employee of Ben Bear in various capacities. He was put in charge of the new radio station, known by the call letters KCGA. In December 1926, Luther College founded its own station known as KWLC.
On September 30, 2019, KDEC changed their format from oldies to a simulcast of adult contemporary-formatted KMRV 1160 AM Waukon.
On May 8, 2021, KDHK started broadcasting in HD with The River on HD2.
References
External links
FCC timeshare documentation
DEC
Radio stations established in 1947
1947 establishments in Iowa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorcaphite
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Fluorcaphite is a mineral with the chemical formula . It is found in the Kola Peninsula in Russia. Its crystals are hexagonal (dipyramidal class) and are transparent with a vitreous luster. It is light to bright yellow, leaves a white streak and is rated five on the Mohs Scale. Fluorcaphite is radioactive.
References
Calcium minerals
Strontium minerals
Lanthanide minerals
Sodium minerals
Phosphate minerals
Hexagonal minerals
Minerals in space group 173
Fluorine minerals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTPS
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CTPS may refer to:
The enzyme CTP synthase, or either of the two CTPS genes:
CTPS (1p34.1)
CTPS2 (Xp22)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic%20%28model%29
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Organic describes forms, methods and patterns found in living systems such as the organisation of cells, to populations, communities, and ecosystems.
Typically organic models stress the interdependence of the component parts, as well as their differentiation. Other properties of organic models include:
the growth, life or development cycle
the ability to adapt, learn, and evolve
emergent behaviour or emergent properties
steady change or growth, as opposed to instant change
regulatory feedback
composed of heterogeneous (diverse) parts
Organic models are used especially in the design of artificial systems, and the description of social systems and constructs.
Uses
In the social sciences, the organic model has been drawn upon for ideas such as mechanical and organic solidarity and organic unity. Carl Ritter advanced the idea of Lebensraum using the metaphor of an organic, growing state.
In computer science, organic networks grow in an ad hoc manner, while organic computing is autonomous and able to self-organise and heal.
Bionics (biomimicry) is the engineering of technology through the use of systems found in biology.
Organic architecture stresses interrelatedness as it combines the site, buildings, furnishings, and surroundings into a unified whole, each adapted to the others. Examples include the use of passive solar and wind energy as elements of design so that the building can be easily adapted to maintain the desired levels of human comfort within the structure.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDPR
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QDPR (quinoid dihydropteridine reductase) is a human gene that produces the enzyme quinoid dihydropteridine reductase. This enzyme is part of the pathway that recycles a substance called tetrahydrobiopterin, also known as BH4. Tetrahydrobiopterin works with an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase to process a substance called phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is an amino acid (a building block of proteins) that is obtained through the diet; it is found in all proteins and in some artificial sweeteners. When tetrahydrobiopterin interacts with phenylalanine hydroxylase, tetrahydrobiopterin is altered and must be recycled to a usable form. The regeneration of this substance is critical for the proper processing of several other amino acids in the body. Tetrahydrobiopterin also helps produce certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters, which transmit signals between nerve cells.
The QDPR gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 4 at position 15.31, from base pair 17,164,291 to base pair 17,189,981.
In melanocytic cells QDPR gene expression may be regulated by MITF.
Related conditions
Mutations in the QDPR gene cause dihydropteridine reductase deficiency, one of the subtypes of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. More than 30 disorder-causing mutations in this gene have been identified, including aberrant splicing, amino acid substitutions, insertions, or premature terminations. These mutations completely, or almost completely, inactivate quinoid dihydropteridin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20franchise
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A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time".
Transmedia franchise
A media franchise often consists of cross-marketing across more than one medium. For the owners, the goal of increasing profit through diversity can extend the commercial profitability of the franchise and create strong feelings of identity and ownership in its consumers. Those large groups of dedicated consumers create the franchise's fandom, which is the community of fans that indulge in many of its mediums and are committed to interacting with and keeping up with other consumers. Large franchise-based fandoms have grown to be even more popular in recent years with the rise of social media platforms, as many fans seek to interact with one another for discussion, debate and even to create their own fan-made pieces of media revolving around the franchise, on websites like tumblr, Reddit and Fandom. In the case of successful transmedia franchises, each different medium should expand the target demographic and fandom, build the interest of the consumers and add to the overarching story and narrative
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20lateral%20sclerosis
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Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a very rare neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness in the voluntary muscles. PLS belongs to a group of disorders known as motor neuron diseases. Motor neuron diseases develop when the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement degenerate and die, causing weakness in the muscles they control.
PLS only affects upper motor neurons. There is no evidence of the degeneration of spinal motor neurons or muscle wasting (amyotrophy) that occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Symptoms and signs
Onset of PLS usually occurs spontaneously after age 50 and progresses gradually over a number of years, or even decades. The disorder usually begins in the legs, but it may start in the tongue or the hands. Symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, and clumsiness. Other common symptoms are spasticity (involuntary muscle contraction due to the stretching of muscle, which depends on the velocity of the stretch) in the hands, feet, or legs, foot dragging, and speech and swallowing problems due to involvement of the facial muscles. Breathing may also become compromised in the later stages of the disease, causing those patients who develop ventilatory failure to require noninvasive ventilatory support. Hyperreflexia is another key feature of PLS as seen in patients presenting with the Babinski's sign. Some people present with emotional lability and bladder urgency, and occasional
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barmah%20Forest%20virus
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Barmah Forest virus is an RNA virus in the genus Alphavirus. This disease was named after the Barmah Forest in the northern Victoria region of Australia, where it was first isolated in 1974. It is passed to vertebrate hosts almost exclusively by mosquitoes, the first case in humans being documented in 1986. it is widespread in Australia and there is some evidence of local transmission in Papua New Guinea.
Although there is no specific treatment for infection with the Barmah Forest virus, the disease is non-fatal and most infected people recover. The virus has gradually spread from the sub-tropical northern areas of Victoria to the coastal regions of New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia (WA). People are more likely to contract the disease in summer and autumn in Australia. In the south west of WA, however, spring has been found to have the highest incidence.
Transmission
The virus can only be transmitted to humans by bites from infected mosquitoes. A number of mosquito species have been associated with vectoring the virus, including the Aedes vigilax and Culex annulirostris mosquito species. Direct contact with an infected person or animal does not cause infection. The virus is hosted mainly by marsupials, especially possums, kangaroos and wallabies.
Symptoms
Symptoms include fever, malaise, rash, arthralgia, and muscle tenderness. Fever and malaise generally disappear within a few days to a week, but other symptoms such as joint pain may continue for six mont
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay%20channel
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In information theory, a relay channel is a probability model of the communication between a sender and a receiver aided by one or more intermediate relay nodes.
General discrete-time memoryless relay channel
A discrete memoryless single-relay channel can be modelled as four finite sets, and , and a conditional probability distribution on these sets. The probability distribution of the choice of symbols selected by the encoder and the relay encoder is represented by .
<nowiki>
o------------------o
| Relay Encoder |
o------------------o
Λ |
| y1 x2 |
| V
o---------o x1 o------------------o y o---------o
| Encoder |--->| p(y,y1|x1,x2) |--->| Decoder |
o---------o o------------------o o---------o
</nowiki>
There exist three main relaying schemes: Decode-and-Forward, Compress-and-Forward and Amplify-and-Forward. The first two schemes were first proposed in the pioneer article by Cover and El-Gamal.
Decode-and-Forward (DF): In this relaying scheme, the relay decodes the source message in one block and transmits the re-encoded message in the following block. The achievable rate of DF is known as .
Compress-and-Forward (CF): In this relaying scheme, the relay quantizes the received signal in one block and transmits the encoded version of the quantized received signal in the following block. The achievable rate of CF is known as sub
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20optimization%20%28EDA%29
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Power optimization is the use of electronic design automation tools to optimize (reduce) the power consumption of a digital design, such as that of an integrated circuit, while preserving the functionality.
Introduction and history
The increasing speed and complexity of today’s designs implies a significant increase in the power consumption of very-large-scale integration (VLSI) chips. To meet this challenge, researchers have developed many different design techniques to reduce power. The complexity of today’s ICs, with over 100 million
transistors, clocked at over 1 GHz, means manual power optimization would be hopelessly slow and all too likely to contain errors. Computer-aided design (CAD) tools and methodologies are mandatory.
One of the key features that led to the success of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor, or CMOS, technology was its intrinsic low-power consumption. This meant that circuit designers and electronic design automation (EDA) tools could afford to concentrate on maximizing circuit performance and minimizing circuit area. Another interesting feature of CMOS technology is its nice scaling properties, which has permitted a steady decrease in the feature size (see Moore's law), allowing for more and more complex systems on a single chip, working at higher clock frequencies.
Power consumption concerns came into play with the appearance of the first portable electronic systems in the late 1980s. In this market, battery lifetime is a decisive factor f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20beam%20epitaxy
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Chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) forms an important class of deposition techniques for semiconductor layer systems, especially III-V semiconductor systems. This form of epitaxial growth is performed in an ultrahigh vacuum system. The reactants are in the form of molecular beams of reactive gases, typically as the hydride or a metalorganic. The term CBE is often used interchangeably with metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE). The nomenclature does differentiate between the two (slightly different) processes, however. When used in the strictest sense, CBE refers to the technique in which both components are obtained from gaseous sources, while MOMBE refers to the technique in which the group III component is obtained from a gaseous source and the group V component from a solid source.
Basic principles
Chemical beam epitaxy was first demonstrated by W.T. Tsang in 1984. This technique was then described as a hybrid of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) that exploited the advantages of both the techniques. In this initial work, InP and GaAs were grown using gaseous group III and V alkyls. While group III elements were derived from the pyrolysis of the alkyls on the surface, the group V elements were obtained from the decomposition of the alkyls by bringing in contact with heated Tantalum (Ta) or Molybdenum (Mo) at 950-1200 °C.
Typical pressure in the gas reactor is between 102 Torr and 1 atm for MOCVD. Here, the transport of gas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dembeni
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Dembeni (; also Dembéni) is a commune in the French overseas department of Mayotte, in the Indian Ocean.
Geography
Climate
Dembeni has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). The average annual temperature in Dembeni is . The average annual rainfall is with January as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in March, at around , and lowest in August, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Dembeni was on 17 November 2011; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 4 December 2002.
Demographics
Demographic evolution of Dembeni
References
Populated places in Mayotte
Communes of Mayotte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Y.%20Cho
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Alfred Yi Cho (; born July 10, 1937) is a Chinese-American electrical engineer, inventor, and optical engineer. He is the Adjunct Vice President of Semiconductor Research at Alcatel-Lucent's Bell Labs. He is known as the "father of molecular beam epitaxy"; a technique he developed at that facility in the late 1960s. He is also the co-inventor, with Federico Capasso of quantum cascade lasers at Bell Labs in 1994.
Cho was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in (1985) for his pioneering development of a molecular beam epitaxy technique, leading to unique semiconductor layer device structures.
Biography
Cho was born in Beiping. He went to Hong Kong in 1949 and had his secondary education in Pui Ching Middle School there. Cho holds B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois. He joined Bell Labs in 1968. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, as well as a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
In June 2007 he was honoured with the U.S. National Medal of Technology, the highest honor awarded by the President of the United States for technological innovation.
Cho received the award for his contributions to the invention of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and his work to commercialize the process.
He already has many awards to h
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20power%20principle
|
The maximum power principle or Lotka's principle has been proposed as the fourth principle of energetics in open system thermodynamics, where an example of an open system is a biological cell. According to Howard T. Odum, "The maximum power principle can be stated: During self-organization, system designs develop and prevail that maximize power intake, energy transformation, and those uses that reinforce production and efficiency."
History
Chen (2006) has located the origin of the statement of maximum power as a formal principle in a tentative proposal by Alfred J. Lotka (1922a, b). Lotka's statement sought to explain the Darwinian notion of evolution with reference to a physical principle. Lotka's work was subsequently developed by the systems ecologist Howard T. Odum in collaboration with the chemical engineer Richard C. Pinkerton, and later advanced by the engineer Myron Tribus.
While Lotka's work may have been a first attempt to formalise evolutionary thought in mathematical terms, it followed similar observations made by Leibniz and Volterra and Ludwig Boltzmann, for example, throughout the sometimes controversial history of natural philosophy. In contemporary literature it is most commonly associated with the work of Howard T. Odum.
The significance of Odum's approach was given greater support during the 1970s, amid times of oil crisis, where, as Gilliland (1978, pp. 100) observed, there was an emerging need for a new method of analysing the importance and value of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenylamine
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Diphenylamine is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2NH. The compound is a derivative of aniline, consisting of an amine bound to two phenyl groups. The compound is a colorless solid, but commercial samples are often yellow due to oxidized impurities. Diphenylamine dissolves well in many common organic solvents, and is moderately soluble in water. It is used mainly for its antioxidant properties. Diphenylamine is widely used as an industrial antioxidant, dye mordant and reagent and is also employed in agriculture as a fungicide and antihelmintic.
Preparation and reactivity
Diphenylamine is manufactured by the thermal deamination of aniline over oxide catalysts:
2 C6H5NH2 → (C6H5)2NH + NH3
It is a weak base, with a Kb of 10−14. With strong acids, it forms salts. For example, treatment with sulfuric acid gives the bisulfate [(C6H5)2NH2]+[HSO4]− as a white or yellowish powder with m.p. 123-125 °C.
Diphenylamine undergoes various cyclisation reactions. With sulfur, it gives phenothiazine, a precursor to pharmaceuticals.
(C6H5)2NH + 2 S → S(C6H4)2NH + H2S
With iodine, it undergoes dehydrogenation to give carbazole, with release of hydrogen iodide:
(C6H5)2NH + I2 → (C6H4)2NH + 2 HI
Arylation with iodobenzene gives triphenylamine. it is also used as a test reagent in the dische's test .
Applications
Testing for DNA
The Dische test uses diphenylamine to test for DNA, and can be used to distinguish DNA from RNA.
Apple scald inhib
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoof%27s%20algorithm
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Schoof's algorithm is an efficient algorithm to count points on elliptic curves over finite fields. The algorithm has applications in elliptic curve cryptography where it is important to know the number of points to judge the difficulty of solving the discrete logarithm problem in the group of points on an elliptic curve.
The algorithm was published by René Schoof in 1985 and it was a theoretical breakthrough, as it was the first deterministic polynomial time algorithm for counting points on elliptic curves. Before Schoof's algorithm, approaches to counting points on elliptic curves such as the naive and baby-step giant-step algorithms were, for the most part, tedious and had an exponential running time.
This article explains Schoof's approach, laying emphasis on the mathematical ideas underlying the structure of the algorithm.
Introduction
Let be an elliptic curve defined over the finite field , where for a prime and an integer . Over a field of characteristic an elliptic curve can be given by a (short) Weierstrass equation
with . The set of points defined over consists of the solutions satisfying the curve equation and a point at infinity . Using the group law on elliptic curves restricted to this set one can see that this set forms an abelian group, with acting as the zero element.
In order to count points on an elliptic curve, we compute the cardinality of .
Schoof's approach to computing the cardinality makes use of Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves alon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoboCup%20Junior
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RoboCup Junior (RCJ), sometimes stylised RobocupJunior, is a division of RoboCup, a not-for-profit robotics organisation. It focuses on education and aims to introduce the larger goals of the RoboCup project (creating robots) to primary and secondary school aged children (technically up through age 19). Participants compete in one of three main leagues: Soccer, Rescue or Dance. Dance Theatre also exists as a sub-league of Dance, and Premier Rescue is part of the competition in Australia and New Zealand.
History
RoboCup Jr Soccer was invented and started back in 1998 with a demonstration held by Henrik Hautop Lund and Luigi Pagliarini at the RoboCup international competition held in Paris, France. In 1999, an interactive workshop and competition was held by Henrik Hautop Lund and Luigi Pagliarini at the RoboCup international competition in Stockholm, Sweden. The following year in 2000, the first international RoboCup Junior Educational competition was held in Melbourne, Australia. The format for RoboCup Junior was devised by a Melbourne committee of teachers and industry representatives. The first competition introduced the three level competition of Dance, Sumo(later to become Rescue) and Soccer.
Then-prime minister of Australia, John Howard, was impressed in 2001 when he visited students competing in a RoboCup Junior Australia competition, congratulating both teachers and students for their accomplishments.
Queen Elizabeth II was also impressed in 2002 on a trip to Au
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD38
|
CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells (white blood cells), including CD4+, CD8+, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and calcium signaling.
In humans, the CD38 protein is encoded by the CD38 gene which is located on chromosome 4. CD38 is a paralog of CD157, which is also located on chromosome 4 (4p15) in humans.
History
CD38 was first identified in 1980 as a surface marker (cluster of differentiation) of thymus cell lymphocytes. In 1992 it was additionally described as a surface marker on B cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells (NK cells). About the same time, CD38 was discovered to be not simply a marker of cell types, but an activator of B cells and T cells. In 1992 the enzymatic activity of CD38 was discovered, having the capacity to synthesize the calcium-releasing second messengers cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP).
Tissue distribution
CD38 is most frequently found on plasma B cells, followed by natural killer cells, followed by B cells and T cells, and then followed by a variety of cell types.
Function
CD38 can function either as a receptor or as an enzyme. As a receptor, CD38 can attach to CD31 on the surface of T cells, thereby activating those cells to produce a variety of cytokines.CD38 activation cooperates with TRPM2 channels to initiate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%202%20Ho-I
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The was a derivative of the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Similar in concept to the early variants of the German Panzer IV, it was designed as a self-propelled howitzer to provide the close-in fire support for standard Japanese medium tanks with additional firepower against enemy anti-tank fortifications.
History and development
Design work on the Type 2 Ho-I began in 1937, after experience in Manchukuo taught Japanese war planners that an armored vehicle with a larger weapon would be useful against fortified enemy positions such as pillboxes, against which the standard low-velocity 57mm and high-velocity 47mm tank guns were ineffective. Since this vehicle was to be able to keep up with the rest of an armored formation, the Japanese began work on mounting a Type 41 75 mm Mountain Gun onto the chassis of the Chi-Ha medium tank. The adapted mountain gun, known as the Type 99 75 mm tank gun, was completed in 1940. The gun could fire an assortment of ammunition, including a 6.6kg (14.5lb) armor-piercing shell and had a muzzle velocity of 445mps. By 1942 the Type 99 75 mm gun was fitted into a Type 97-Kai Shinhoto Chi-Ha turret, which resulted in the designated Type 2 Ho-I gun tank. The Type 2 Ho-I gun tank was intended to be part of a fire support company in each of the tank regiments.
Design
The 1941 prototype model, known as the Experimental Type 1 Ho-I, used the Type 97 Chi-Ha chassis. The production model utilized the chassis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATR
|
ATR may refer to:
Medicine
Acute transfusion reaction
Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related, a protein involved in DNA damage repair
Science and mathematics
Advanced Test Reactor, nuclear research reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory, US
Attenuated total reflectance in infrared spectroscopy
Advanced tongue root, a phonological feature in linguistics
Atractyloside, a toxin and inhibitor of "ADP/ATP translocase"
ATR0, an axiom system in reverse mathematics
Technology
Answer to reset, a message output by a contact Smart Card
Automatic target recognition, recognition ability
Autothermal reforming, a natural gas reforming technology
Transport
ATR (aircraft manufacturer) an Italian-French aircraft manufacturer
ATR 42 airliner
ATR 72 airliner
IATA code for Atar International Airport
Andaman Trunk Road
Air Transport Rack, standards for plug-in electronic modules in aviation and elsewhere; various suppliers e.g. ARINC
Atmore (Amtrak station), Amtrak station code ATR
Music
All That Remains (band), an American heavy metal band
Atari Teenage Riot, a German techno band performing "digital hardcore" music
ATR (song), a song by ATR
Organisations
Absent Teacher Reserve, of teachers in New York City
Americans for Tax Reform
Anglican Theological Review
Other
African Traditional Religion
ATR, the United States Navy hull classification symbol for a rescue tug
ATR: All Terrain Racing, a video game
ATR.1 certificate, in trade between the European Union and Tur
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Statistical%20Office%20%28United%20Kingdom%29
|
The Central Statistical Office (CSO) was a British government department charged with the collection and publication of economic statistics for the United Kingdom. It preceded the Office for National Statistics.
Establishment of the CSO
During the Second World War, the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill directed the Cabinet Secretary, Sir Edward Bridges (later Lord Bridges), to advise him on how a central statistical office could be created in the Prime Minister's office in order to consolidate and issue authoritative working statistics. Following consideration, a formal announcement was made to establish the CSO on 27 January 1941 with the purpose of handling the descriptive statistics required for the war effort and developing national income accounts.
Shortly afterward, Harry Campion (later Sir Harry Campion), a member of the Central Economic Information Service in the Cabinet Office, was appointed director. After the war there was an expansion in the work of official statisticians resulting from the aim of managing the economy through controlling government income and expenditure using an integrated system of national accounts and in 1962, comprehensive financial statistics were published for the first time.
Development of the CSO
Following Sir Harry Campion's retirement in March 1967, Claus Moser (now Lord Moser), a professor of statistics at the London School of Economics, was appointed director. Moser had the task of implementing proposals made by the House of Commons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Holt%20%28statistician%29
|
David Holt CB (29 October 1943 – 15 November 2022) was a British statistician who was Professor Emeritus of Social Statistics at the University of Southampton. He had been the president of the Royal Statistical Society (2005–2007), the last director of the Central Statistical Office of the United Kingdom, and the first director of the Office for National Statistics (and ex-officio Registrar General).
Background
Holt took a maths degree and a PhD in statistics at Exeter with thesis titled Some contributions to the statistical analysis of single and mixed exponential distributions in 1970. Throughout his career, his main interests have been survey methods, sampling theory and official statistics. He took a particular interest, through his membership of the Royal Statistical Society, in the independence of national statistics from government.
Career
Holt's first job was with Statistics Canada, the national statistics office of Canada, where he spent four years before joining the Department of Social Statistics at the University of Southampton in 1980. He was Leverhulme Professor of Social Statistics from 1980 to 1995 and Deputy Vice-Chancellor from 1990 to 1995. From 1989 to 1991, he was also vice-president of the International Association of Survey Statisticians (IASS).
Holt became the Director of the Central Statistical Office and Head of the Government Statistical Service in 1995 and, subsequently, the first Director of the Office for National Statistics when it was forme
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid%20Peak%20%28California%29
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Pyramid Peak is a mountain in the California's Sierra Nevada in the Crystal Range to the west of Lake Tahoe. It is the highest point in the Desolation Wilderness. With an elevation gain of almost , the Rocky Canyon route is the mountain's most popular approach although it is very arduous. To the east, at the base of the peak, lies Pyramid Lake.
References
External links
Alpine Ski Tours - Lake Tahoe: Southwest Topographic Map
Mountains of the Desolation Wilderness
North American 3000 m summits
Mountains of El Dorado County, California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulric
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Ulric is an English language, masculine given name. It is regarded as both a derivative of the Old English male name Wulfric and, in later English language contexts, also derived from the separate name Ulrich, which originated in Germany. Ulric may refer to:
People with the name
See Ulrich for a list of historical individuals whose name may be anglicized as Ulric.
Modern era
Jean Auguste Ulric Scheler (1819–1890), Belgian philologist born in Switzerland
John Ulric Nef (chemist) (1899–1988), a Swiss-born American chemist
Lenore Ulric (d. 1970), a star of the Broadway stage and Hollywood silent films
Philip Ulric Strengberg (1805–1872), a businessman in Jakobstad
Ulric Browne, a UK-based actor who plays Winston in EastEnders
Ulric Cross (1917–2013), Trinidadian jurist, diplomat and Royal Air Force navigator,
Ulric Dahlgren (1842–1864), Union Army Colonel
Ulric Ellerhusen (1879–1957), a German-American sculptor and teacher
Ulric Guttinguer (born 1866), a French novelist
Ulric Haynes (born 1931), a former United States Ambassador to Algeria
Ulric Neisser (1928–2012), an American psychologist
Ulric Nisbet (1897–1987), a British writer
Ulric-Joseph Tessier (1817–1892), a Quebec lawyer, judge, seigneur and political figure
Fictional characters
Nyx Ulric, the main protagonist in Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV
Hero of Lucis, member of Kingsglaive ordained by King Regis Lucis.
See also
Ulrica
Ulrich
Ullrich
Ulrik
Notes
Masculine given names
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lck
|
Lck (or lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase) is a 56 kDa protein that is found inside specialized cells of the immune system called lymphocytes. The Lck is a member of Src kinase family (SFK), it is important for the activation of the T-cell receptor signaling in both naive T cells and effector T cells. The role of the Lck is less prominent in the activation or in the maintenance of memory CD8 T cells in comparison to CD4 T cells. In addition, the role of the lck varies among the memory T cells subsets. It seems that in mice, in the effector memory T cells (TEM) population, more than 50% of lck is present in a constitutively active conformation, whereas, only less than 20% of lck is present as active form of lck. These differences are due to differential regulation by SH2 domain–containing phosphatase-1 (Shp-1) and C-terminal Src kinase.
The Lck is responsible for the initiation of the TCR signaling cascade inside the cell by phosphorylating immunoreceptor tyrosine‑based activation motifs (ITAM) within the TCR-associated chains.
The Lck can be found in different forms in the immune cells: free in the cytosol or bound to the plasma membrane (PM) through myristoylation and palmitoylation. Due to the presence of the conserved CxxC motif (C20 and C23) in the zinc clasp structure, the Lck is able to bind the cell surface coreceptors CD8 and\or CD4.
Bound and free Lck have different properties: free Lck have more pronounced kinase activity in comparison to bounded Lck,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBX1
|
T-box transcription factor TBX1 also known as T-box protein 1 and testis-specific T-box protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX1 gene. Genes in the T-box family are transcription factors that play important roles in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development. To carry out these roles, proteins made by this gene family bind to specific areas of DNA called T-box binding element (TBE) to control the expression of target genes.
Gene
The TBX1 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 22 at position 11.21, from base pair 18,118,779 to base pair 18,145,669.
Function
The T-box 1 protein appears to be necessary for the normal development of large arteries that carry blood out of the heart, muscles and bones of the face and neck, and glands such as the thymus and parathyroid. Although the T-box 1 protein acts as a transcription factor, it is not yet known which genes are regulated by the protein.
TBX1 is thought to operate on the same developmental pathway as CHD7 which can be mutated in CHARGE syndrome.
Clinical significance
Most cases of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are caused by the deletion of a small piece of chromosome 22. This region of the chromosome contains about 30 genes, including the TBX1 gene. In a small number of affected individuals without a chromosome 22 deletion, mutations in the TBX1 gene are thought to be responsible for the characteristic signs and symptoms of the syndrome. Of the three known mutations, two mu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coquelet
|
Coquelet can mean:
Coquelet, a type of multiple frequency-shift keying signal
Coquelet, another name for a poussin (chicken)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-B
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HLA-B (major histocompatibility complex, class I, B) is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. HLA-B is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria.
HLA is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. Genes in this complex are separated into three basic groups: class I, class II, and class III. In humans, the HLA-B gene and two related genes, HLA-A and HLA-C, are the major genes in MHC class I.
MHC class I genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of almost all cells. On the cell surface, these proteins are bound to protein fragments (peptides) that have been exported from within the cell. MHC class I proteins display these peptides to the immune system. If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it responds by destroying the infected cell.
The HLA-B gene has many different normal variations, allowing each person's immune system to react to a wide range of foreign invaders. Hundreds of versions (alleles) of HLA-B are known, each of which is given a particular number (such as HLA-B27). Closely related alleles are categorized together; for example, at least 28 very similar alleles ar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20Commune%20des%20Actes%20M%C3%A9dicaux
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Classification Commune des Actes Médicaux is a French medical classification for clinical procedures. Starting in 2005, the CCAM serves as the reimbursement classification for clinicians. The CCAM was evaluated using OpenGALEN tools and technologies.
This classification is used to establish
In private practice and hospital fees for acts performed during technical consultations
In private clinics, the fees for procedures performed
In public and private hospitals, the DRG and its pricing of hospital stays provided to health insurance as part of T2 A.
The choice of acts of this nomenclature is up to the Evaluation Commission of Acts Professionals (CEAP) of the High Authority of Health
It coexists with the Nomenclature Générale des Actes Professionnels (NGAP).
Structure
In the version V2, the ACPC 7623 codes included. Each is accompanied by wording to clarify its meaning unambiguously followed by its price in euros and tariff details.
Code Principal
Explicit hierarchical coding. This code and / or its title in the presence of personally identifiable information may impair the protection of people and lift the confidentiality of those who entrust themselves to organizations and managed care organization.
Each code comprises the four letters and three numbers.
The first letter refers to a large anatomical unit;
The second letter indicates the body (or function) in the unit corresponding to the first letter;
The third letter denotes the action performed;
The fourth l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos
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Chaos or CHAOS may refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media
Fictional elements
Chaos (Kinnikuman)
Chaos (Sailor Moon)
Chaos (Sesame Park)
Chaos (Warhammer)
Chaos, in Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy
Chaos, in Loom (video game)
Chaos, a character in the Sonic the Hedgehog series
Chaos, in The Power of Five
chaos, in Xenosaga
Chaos, in King of Cards
Chaos, in Nanatsu no Taizai
Film and television
Chaos (2000 film), a Japanese mystery-thriller
Chaos (2001 film), a French comedy-drama
Chaos (2005 action film), an action thriller
Chaos (2005 horror film), an American horror film
Chaos, a 2006 Polish film directed by Xawery Zulawski
Chaos (2008 film), a Hong Kong action thriller
Kaos (film) (Chaos in the U.S.), a 1984 Italian film
Le Chaos, a 2007 Arabic language film
CHAOS (TV series), 2011
"Chaos", a 1986 episode of The Transformers
Literature
Chaos, a 2016 novel by Patricia Cornwell
Chaos, an 1898 novel by Alexander Shirvanzade
Liber Chaos, an alchemical treatise by Ramon Llull
Chaos: Making a New Science, a 1987 book by James Gleick
CHAOS: Charles Manson, the CIA, and the Secret History of the Sixties, a 2019 book by Tom O'Neill with Dan Piepenbring
"The Chaos", a poem by Gerard Nolst Trenité
Music
Chaos (Attila album), 2016
Chaos (Paul Bley album), 1998
The Chaos (album), by The Futureheads, 2010
Chaos, an album by Rene Aubry, 2017
Chaos, an album by Jaycee Chan, 2010
Chaos, an album by Unlocking the Truth, 2016
"CHAOS", a song by
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretion%20assay
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Secretion assay is a process used in cell biology to identify cells that are secreting a particular protein (usually a cytokine). It was first developed by Manz et al. in 1995.
Usually, a cell that is secreting the protein of interest is isolated using an antibody-antibody complex that coats the cell and is able to "catch" the secreted molecules. The cell is then detected by another fluorochrome-labelled antibody, and is subsequently extracted using a process called fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). The FACS method is broadly similar to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody format, except that the encapsulated cells remain intact. This is advantageous as the cells are still living after the extraction has taken place.
Further advances now mean that it is possible to extract the secreting cells using a magnetic-based separation system or using a flow cytometer.
A number of commercial applications exist for secretion assay. One such example is the Gel Microdrop (GMD) technology, developed by One Cell Systems. One Cell asserts that GMD typically recovers a higher number of viable secreting cells than other methods, whilst ignoring any cells which are not secreting the desired protein.
References
Further reading
External links
One Cell Systems - Gel Microdrop (GMD) Secretion Assay technology.
Cytokines
Protein methods
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoporphyrinogen%20oxidase
|
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase or protox is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPOX gene.
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase is responsible for the seventh step in biosynthesis of protoporphyrin IX. This porphyrin is the precursor to hemoglobin, the oxygen carrier in animals, and chlorophyll, the dye in plants. The enzyme catalyzes the dehydrogenation (removal of hydrogen atoms) of protoporphyrinogen IX (the product of the sixth step in the production of heme) to form protoporphyrin IX. One additional enzyme must modify protoporphyrin IX before it becomes heme. Inhibition of this enzyme is a strategy used in certain herbicides.
Gene
The PPOX gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 1 at position 22, from base pair 157,949,266 to base pair 157,954,082.
Function
This gene encodes the penultimate enzyme of heme biosynthesis, which catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to form protoporphyrin IX. This protein is a flavoprotein associated with the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Heme biosynthetic pathway
The following genes encode enzymes that catalyze the various steps in the heme biosynthetic pathway:
ALAD: aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase
ALAS1: aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 1
ALAS2: aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 2 (sideroblastic/hypochromic anemia)
CPOX: coproporphyrinogen oxidase
FECH: ferrochelatase (protoporphyria)
HMBS: hydroxymethylbilane synthase
PPOX: protoporphyrinogen oxidase
UROD: uroporphyr
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsallis%20statistics
|
The term Tsallis statistics usually refers to the collection of mathematical functions and associated probability distributions that were originated by Constantino Tsallis. Using that collection, it is possible to derive Tsallis distributions from the optimization of the Tsallis entropic form. A continuous real parameter q can be used to adjust the distributions, so that distributions which have properties intermediate to that of Gaussian and Lévy distributions can be created. The parameter q represents the degree of non-extensivity of the distribution. Tsallis statistics are useful for characterising complex, anomalous diffusion.
Tsallis functions
The q-deformed exponential and logarithmic functions were first introduced in Tsallis statistics in 1994. However, the q-deformation is the Box–Cox transformation for , proposed by George Box and David Cox in 1964.
q-exponential
The q-exponential is a deformation of the exponential function using the real parameter q.
Note that the q-exponential in Tsallis statistics is different from a version used elsewhere.
q-logarithm
The q-logarithm is the inverse of q-exponential and a deformation of the logarithm using the real parameter q.
Inverses
These functions have the property that
Analysis
The limits of the above expression can be understood by considering
for the exponential function and
for the logarithm.
See also
Tsallis entropy
Tsallis distribution
q-Gaussian
q-exponential distribution
q-Weibull distribution
Ref
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysferlin
|
Dysferlin also known as dystrophy-associated fer-1-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DYSF gene. Dysferlin is linked with plasma membrane repair., stabilization of calcium signaling and the development of the T-tubule system of the muscle A defect in the DYSF gene, located on chromosome 2p12-14, results in several types of muscular dystrophy; including Miyoshi myopathy (MM), Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Distal Myopathy (DM). A reduction or absence of dysferlin, termed dysferlinopathy, usually becomes apparent in the third or fourth decade of life and is characterised by weakness and wasting of various voluntary skeletal muscles. Pathogenic mutations leading to dysferlinopathy can occur throughout the DYSF gene.
Structure
The human dysferlin protein is a 237 kilodalton type-II transmembrane protein. It contains a large intracellular cytoplasmic N-terminal domain, an extreme C-terminal transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal extracellular domain. The cytosolic domain of dysferlin is composed of seven highly conserved C2 domains (C2A-G) which are conserved across several proteins within the ferlin family, including dysferlin homolog myoferlin. In fact, the C2 domain at any given position is more similar to the C2 domain at the corresponding position within other ferlin family members than the adjacent C2 domain within the same protein. This suggests that each individual C2 domain may in fact play a specific role in dysferlin
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic%20target
|
Therapeutic target may refer to:
Biological target, a protein or nucleic acid whose activity can be modified by an external stimulus
Therapeutic Targets Database, a database to provide information about the known and explored therapeutic targets
Therapeutic target range, an alternative reference range
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20frequency%20multiplier
|
An optical frequency multiplier is a nonlinear optical device in which photons interacting with a nonlinear material are effectively "combined" to form new photons with greater energy, and thus higher frequency (and shorter wavelength). Two types of devices are currently common: frequency doublers, often based on lithium niobate (LN), lithium tantalate (LT), potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) or lithium triborate (LBO), and frequency triplers typically made of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Both are widely used in optical experiments that use lasers as a light source.
Harmonic generation
There are two processes that are commonly used to achieve the conversion: second-harmonic generation (SHG, also called frequency doubling), or sum-frequency generation which sums two non-similar frequencies. Direct third-harmonic generation (THG, also called frequency tripling) also exists and can be used to detect an interface between materials of different excitability. For example, it has been used to extract the outline of cells in embryos, where the cells are separated by water.
Lasers
Optical frequency multipliers are common in high-power lasers, notably those used for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. ICF attempts to use a laser to heat and compress a target containing fusion fuel, and it was found in experiments with the Shiva laser that the infrared frequencies generated by the laser lost most of its energy in the hot electrons being generated early in the heat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20fraction
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In chemistry and fluid mechanics, the volume fraction φi is defined as the volume of a constituent Vi divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture V prior to mixing:
Being dimensionless, its unit is 1; it is expressed as a number, e.g., 0.18. It is the same concept as volume percent (vol%) except that the latter is expressed with a denominator of 100, e.g., 18%.
The volume fraction coincides with the volume concentration in ideal solutions where the volumes of the constituents are additive (the volume of the solution is equal to the sum of the volumes of its ingredients).
The sum of all volume fractions of a mixture is equal to 1:
The volume fraction (percentage by volume, vol%) is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture with a dimensionless quantity; mass fraction (percentage by weight, wt%) and mole fraction (percentage by moles, mol%) are others.
Volume concentration and volume percent
Volume percent is the concentration of a certain solute, measured by volume, in a solution. It has as a denominator the volume of the mixture itself, as usual for expressions of concentration, rather than the total of all the individual components’ volumes prior to mixing:
Volume percent is usually used when the solution is made by mixing two fluids, such as liquids or gases. However, percentages are only additive for ideal gases.
The percentage by volume (vol%) is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture with a dimensionless quantity; mass fraction (
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKP%20classification%20system
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PKP classification system (Polish locomotive designation) is a system of assigning letters and numbers to series and individual locomotives used by the PKP - Polish national railroad operator.
The system was introduced for the steam stock by the Ministry of Railways on 3 November 1922, shortly after Poland regained her independence (1918) when the Polish railroads inherited a variety of German, Austrian and Russian steam locomotives, each with its own type convention. It was put into use in 1923–1926 years. The adopted solution allows telling the locomotive type (passenger/freight/mixed), wheel arrangement, origin and some other information from the type designation. After World War II a similar system was also adapted for diesel and electric locomotives.
Electric and diesel locomotives
In the case of electric and diesel locomotives, and multiple units, a designation consists of two capital letters and two digits, without a space between letters and digits. The first letter E or S indicates a kind of traction (electric or diesel), the second letter indicates a locomotive purpose. Digits mark subsequent classes, and their ranges also carry additional information on construction features. Some railcar classes have three digits.
First letter
E - electric locomotive ()
S - diesel locomotive ()
Second letter
Locomotives
P - passenger locomotive ()
T - freight locomotive ()
U - mixed-traffic locomotive ( - universal)
M - shunting locomotive ()
Electric multiple units
W - fo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen%20branching%20enzyme
|
1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme, also known as brancher enzyme or glycogen-branching enzyme is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GBE1 gene.
Glycogen branching enzyme is an enzyme that adds branches to the growing glycogen molecule during the synthesis of glycogen, a storage form of glucose. More specifically, during glycogen synthesis, a glucose 1-phosphate molecule reacts with uridine triphosphate (UTP) to become UDP-glucose, an activated form of glucose. The activated glucosyl unit of UDP-glucose is then transferred to the hydroxyl group at the C-4 of a terminal residue of glycogen to form an α-1,4-glycosidic linkage, a reaction catalyzed by glycogen synthase. Importantly, glycogen synthase can only catalyze the synthesis of α-1,4-glycosidic linkages. Since glycogen is a readily mobilized storage form of glucose, the extended glycogen polymer is branched by glycogen branching enzyme to provide glycogen breakdown enzymes, such as glycogen phosphorylase, with many terminal residues for rapid degradation. Branching also importantly increases the solubility and decreases the osmotic strength of glycogen.
The protein encoded by this gene is a glycogen branching enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of alpha-1,4-linked glucosyl units from the outer end of a glycogen chain to an alpha-1,6 position on the same or a neighboring glycogen chain. Branching of the chains is essential to increase the solubility of the glycogen molecule and, consequently, in reducing the osmotic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA%20World%20Cup%20records%20and%20statistics
|
As of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, 80 national teams have competed at the finals of the FIFA World Cup. Brazil is the only team to have appeared in all 22 tournaments to date, with Germany having participated in 20, Italy and Argentina in 18 and Mexico in 17. Eight nations have won the tournament. The inaugural winners in 1930 were Uruguay; the current champions are Argentina. The most successful nation is Brazil, which has won the cup on five occasions. Five teams have appeared in FIFA World Cup finals without winning, while twelve more have appeared in the semi-finals.
List of tournaments
Overall team records
The system used in the World Cup up to 1990 was 2 points for a win. In this ranking 3 points are awarded for a win, 1 for a draw and 0 for a loss. As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws. Teams are ranked by total points, then by goal difference, then by goals scored.
Breakdown of successor team records
Finals records by team
Teams statistics
Note: In case there are teams with equal quantities, they will be mentioned in chronological order of tournament history (the teams that attained the quantity first, are listed first). If the quantity was attained by more than one team in the same tournament, the teams will be listed alphabetically.
For a detailed list of top four appearances, see FIFA World Cup results.
Most titles
– 5 (1958, 1962
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