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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20supplement
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A protein supplement is a dietary supplement or a bodybuilding supplement, and usually comes in the form of a protein bar ,protein powder, and even readily available as a protein shake. Usually made from whey, plant, and/or meat sources.
Protein supplements are extracts or concentrates of high protein food stuffs, used in bodybuilding and as a dietary supplements to fulfill protein intake in a lean and pure source of proteins and amino acids. they have 3 main variants: concentrate(food is taken and concentrated in to smaller volume with some fat and carb present), isolate(proteins and amino acids are completely isolated, mostly leaving proteins and amino acids), and hydrolyze(when a protein supplement is exposed to enzymes and partially digested). some protein supplements even have digestive enzymes as an additive for digestion and absorption.
Effects
Metabolism
A meta-study found that in the first few weeks of strength training with untrained individuals, changes in lean body mass and muscle strength during the initial weeks of strength training are not influenced by the protein supplementation, but after the first few weeks, protein supplementation “may promote muscle hypertrophy and enhance gains in muscle strength in both untrained and trained individuals” Also, whey-protein supplementation in overweight individuals may reduce the body weight, total fat mass and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
When combined with strength training, protein supplementation pr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davallia
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Davallia (deersfoot fern, hare's foot fern, shinobu fern, rabbit foot fern, ball fern) is a genus of about 40 species of fern. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only genus in the family Davalliaceae, which is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae, order Polypodiales. Alternatively, the family may be placed in a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato as the subfamily Davallioideae.
The family is sister to the largest family of ferns, Polypodiaceae, and shares some morphological characters with it. Species are epiphytic ferns, with fronds arising from long aerial rhizomes which grow on and over thick bark on trees or on rock crevices.
Description
Usually epiphytic or epipetric. Rhizomes dictyostelic, dorsiventral, densely scaly. Stipes articulate at base. Phyllopodia short. veins free. Sporangium stalk 3-rowed. Annulus vertical. Spores monolete.
Taxonomy
Gymnogrammitis and Leucostegia were once included in Davalliaceae, but these are now known to belong elsewhere. Gymnogrammitis is in a clade with Selliguea and others in the family Polypodiaceae. Leucostegia is in the family Hypodematiaceae, which consists of Hypodematium and Leucostegia, and possibly Didymochlaena as well.
In 2008, a molecular phylogenetic study of Davalliaceae showed that none of the polyspecific genera recognized at that time were monophyletic. In that same year, a revision of the family divided it into five genera. One of these, Araiostegiella,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopotential%20map
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In electromagnetism, Isopotential maps are a measure of electrostatic potential in space. The spatial derivatives of an electrostatic field indicate the contours of the electrostatic field, so isopotential maps show where another charged molecule might interact, using equipotential lines (isopotentials).
Electrostatics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB%20locomotive%20classification
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Originally, both Deutsche Bundesbahn and Deutsche Reichsbahn continued the classification system of the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DRG) – see also a short overview of the numbering system of the German railways. When UIC introduced a new classification system that could be processed by the computers of the late 1960s, DB did a major modification of their system, effective 1 January 1968. This system is still in use and now includes the engines of the former GDR railways as well. (See List of Deutsche Bahn AG locomotives and railbuses for a current list.)
Basics
Since January 1, 1968, all vehicles are identified by a seven-digit vehicle number that consists of a three-digit class number, a three-digit serial number, and a check digit, the latter separated by a dash. Series with more than 1,000 vehicles are assigned ascending class numbers.
The first digit of the class number denotes the vehicle type using a scheme that is summarized in the following table, along with the corresponding letters from the DRG vehicle type scheme. While the DRG scheme was officially superseded by the current scheme, it can still be found in informal writing and conversation: for example, "E110" is equivalent to "E10" and "110", and "V216" is equivalent to "V160" and "216".
The check digit is used to verify the accuracy of the first six digits and is calculated as follows:
Sum the first, third, and fifth digits
Multiply each of the second, fourth, and sixth digits by two
If any result is greater
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG
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KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development.
The KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome.
According to the developers, KEGG is a "computer representation" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system—more specificall
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRI%20%28disambiguation%29
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Magnetic resonance imaging is a medical imaging technique
MRI can also refer to:
Science, healthcare, and technology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (journal), a scientific journal
Magnetorotational instability, in astrophysics
Meuse-Rhine-Issel, a breed of cattle
Monoamine reuptake inhibitor, a type of drug class
Ruby MRI (Matz's Ruby Interpreter), the reference implementation of the Ruby programming language
Places
Manchester Royal Infirmary, a hospital in Manchester, England
Manggarai railway station, a railway station in Jakarta, Indonesia (station code MRI)
Maritime Rescue Institute, a former maritime training and rescue charity
Mauritius, IOC country code
Max Rubner Institute, a government health agency in Germany
Member of the Royal Institution of Great Britain
Mental Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA
Merrill Field, airport in Alaska, IATA code
Microwave Research Institute, now called Weber Research Institute, a research group at the Polytechnic Institute of New York University
Midwest Research Institute, based in Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Other uses
Mri (fictional alien species), in the Faded Sun Trilogy
mri, ISO 639-3 code for the Māori language
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egophony
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Egophony (British English, aegophony) is an increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs, often caused by lung consolidation and fibrosis. It is due to enhanced transmission of high-frequency sound across fluid, such as in abnormal lung tissue, with lower frequencies filtered out. It results in a high-pitched nasal or bleating quality in the affected person's voice.
Technique
While listening to the lungs with a stethoscope, the patient is asked to pronounce the modern English (more generally, post-Great Vowel Shift) long-E vowel sound.
Interpretation
Stethoscopic auscultation of a clear lung field during this articulation will detect a sound matching that received through normal hearing; that is, the sound articulated by the patient will be clearly transmitted through the lung field and heard unchanged by the clinician. When the lung field is consolidated (filled with liquid or other solid mass such as tumor or fungus ball), the patient's spoken English long E will sound like a "pure-voweled" long E or a modern English long A without the latter's usual offglide. This effect occurs because the solid mass in the lung field will disproportionately dampen the articulated sound's acoustic overtones higher in the harmonic series, transmuting the English long E, in which higher overtones predominate strongly, to a sound (the English long A) in which higher overtones predominate only slightly, i.e., to a markedly lesser degree than in the former sound. Thi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministic%20pushdown%20automaton
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In automata theory, a deterministic pushdown automaton (DPDA or DPA) is a variation of the pushdown automaton. The class of deterministic pushdown automata accepts the deterministic context-free languages, a proper subset of context-free languages.
Machine transitions are based on the current state and input symbol, and also the current topmost symbol of the stack. Symbols lower in the stack are not visible and have no immediate effect. Machine actions include pushing, popping, or replacing the stack top. A deterministic pushdown automaton has at most one legal transition for the same combination of input symbol, state, and top stack symbol. This is where it differs from the nondeterministic pushdown automaton.
Formal definition
A (not necessarily deterministic) PDA can be defined as a 7-tuple:
where
is a finite set of states
is a finite set of input symbols
is a finite set of stack symbols
is the start state
is the starting stack symbol
, where is the set of accepting, or final, states
is a transition function, where
where is the Kleene star, meaning that is "the set of all finite strings (including the empty string ) of elements of ", denotes the empty string, and is the power set of a set .
M is deterministic if it satisfies both the following conditions:
For any , the set has at most one element.
For any , if , then for every
There are two possible acceptance criteria: acceptance by empty stack and acceptance by final state. The two are not equ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubic
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Ubic may refer to:
UBiC, a research centre
Chorismate lyase, an enzyme
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%20expansions%20for%20the%20moments%20of%20functions%20of%20random%20variables
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In probability theory, it is possible to approximate the moments of a function f of a random variable X using Taylor expansions, provided that f is sufficiently differentiable and that the moments of X are finite.
First moment
Given and , the mean and the variance of , respectively, a Taylor expansion of the expected value of can be found via
Since the second term vanishes. Also, is . Therefore,
.
It is possible to generalize this to functions of more than one variable using multivariate Taylor expansions. For example,
Second moment
Similarly,
The above is obtained using a second order approximation, following the method used in estimating the first moment. It will be a poor approximation in cases where is highly non-linear. This is a special case of the delta method.
Indeed, we take .
With , we get . The variance is then computed using the formula
.
An example is,
The second order approximation, when X follows a normal distribution, is:
First product moment
To find a second-order approximation for the covariance of functions of two random variables (with the same function applied to both), one can proceed as follows. First, note that . Since a second-order expansion for has already been derived above, it only remains to find . Treating as a two-variable function, the second-order Taylor expansion is as follows:
Taking expectation of the above and simplifying—making use of the identities and —leads to . Hence,
Random vectors
If X is a random vec
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADUCEUS%20%28expert%20system%29
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CADUCEUS was a medical expert system, an early type of recommender system - by Harry Pople of the University of Pittsburgh. Finished in the mid-1980s, it was built on the INTERNIST-1 algorithm (1972-1973). In its time, CADUCEUS was described as the "most knowledge-intensive expert system in existence". CADUCEUS eventually could diagnose up to 1000 different diseases.
The knowledge base was built on Pople's years of interviews with Dr. Jack Meyers, one of the top internal medicine diagnosticians and a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Their motivation was to improve on MYCIN, a recommender which focused on blood-borne infectious bacteria and instead embrace all internal medicine.
While CADUCEUS worked using an inference engine similar to MYCIN's, it made a number of changes. As there can be a number of simultaneous diseases, and data is generally flawed and scarce it incorporated abductive reasoning to deal with the additional complexity of internal disease.
A disease can manifest a set of signs and symptoms, and a manifestation can, in turn, evoke a disease. Relationships between symptoms and diagnosis were ranked from 0 to 5. 5 indicated that the symptom is always associated with the disease, while 0 indicated that the association was ambiguous. An initial list of symptoms entered by the practitioner would be evaluated by the program to suggest possible diseases related to these combinations. These predictions were improved from INTERNIST-I by the use of const
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSAP
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PSAP may refer to:
Prosaposin, a protein associated with Gaucher disease
Public-safety answering point
Prostatic-specific acid phosphatase
Personal sound amplification products
Presentation Service Access Point, see Service Access Point
PSAP Sigli, an Indonesian football club
Puget Sound and Pacific Railroad, a railroad in Washington, United States
Preservation self-assessment program, a collection care tool for heritage institutions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory%20neuroscience
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Sensory neuroscience is a subfield of neuroscience which explores the anatomy and physiology of neurons that are part of sensory systems such as vision, hearing, and olfaction. Neurons in sensory regions of the brain respond to stimuli by firing one or more nerve impulses (action potentials) following stimulus presentation. How is information about the outside world encoded by the rate, timing, and pattern of action potentials? This so-called neural code is currently poorly understood and sensory neuroscience plays an important role in the attempt to decipher it. Looking at early sensory processing is advantageous since brain regions that are "higher up" (e.g. those involved in memory or emotion) contain neurons which encode more abstract representations. However, the hope is that there are unifying principles which govern how the brain encodes and processes information. Studying sensory systems is an important stepping stone in our understanding of brain function in general.
Typical experiments
A typical experiment in sensory neuroscience involves the presentation of a series of relevant stimuli to an experimental subject while the subject's brain is being monitored. This monitoring can be accomplished by noninvasive means such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG), or by more invasive means such as electrophysiology, the use of electrodes to record the electrical activity of single neurons or groups of neurons. fMRI measures chang
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badonviller
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Badonviller (; ) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in northeastern France.
Geography
Climate
Badonviller has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Badonviller is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Badonviller was on 4 August 2022; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 14 January 1960.
Population
Personalities
It is the birth town of the astronomer Charles Messier (1730–1817).
See also
Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
Badonviller March
Badenweiler, Germany
Antoine Sartorio
References
Communes of Meurthe-et-Moselle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericardial%20fluid
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Pericardial fluid is the serous fluid secreted by the serous layer of the pericardium into the pericardial cavity. The pericardium consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and the inner serous layer. This serous layer has two membranes which enclose the pericardial cavity into which is secreted the pericardial fluid. The fluid is similar to the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain which also serves to cushion and allow some movement of the organ.
Function
The pericardial fluid reduces friction within the pericardium by lubricating the epicardial surface allowing the membranes to glide over each other with each heart beat.
Composition
Ben-Horin et al. (2005) studied the composition of pericardial fluid in patients undergoing open heart surgery. They found that the fluid is made up of a high concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein and lymphocytes. In a healthy adult there is up to 50 ml of clear, straw-coloured fluid. However, there is little data on the normal composition of pericardial fluid to serve as a reference.
Ischemic heart disease
In patients with ischemic heart disease there is an accumulation of angiogenic growth factors in the pericardial fluid. These contribute to angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels) and arteriogenesis (the increase in diameter of existing arterioles). This helps to prevent myocardial ischemia (lack of oxygen to the heart).
Pericardial effusion
A pericardial effusion is the presence of excessive pericardial fluid,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodemographic%20segmentation
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In marketing, geodemographic segmentation is a multivariate statistical classification technique for discovering whether the individuals of a population fall into different groups by making quantitative comparisons of multiple characteristics with the assumption that the differences within any group should be less than the differences between groups.
Principles
Geodemographic segmentation is based on two simple principles:
People who live in the same neighborhood are more likely to have similar characteristics than are two people chosen at random.
Neighborhoods can be categorized in terms of the characteristics of the population which they contain. Any two neighborhoods can be placed in the same category, i.e., they contain similar types of people, even though they are widely separated.
Clustering algorithms
The use of different algorithms leads to different results, but there is no single best approach for selecting the best algorithm, just as no algorithm offers any theoretical proof of its certainty. One of the most frequently used techniques in geodemographic segmentation is the widely known k-means clustering algorithm. In fact most of the current commercial geodemographic systems are based on a k-means algorithm. Still, clustering techniques coming from artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, or fuzzy logic are more efficient within large, multidimensional databases (Brimicombe 2007).
Neural networks can handle non-linear relationships, are robust to nois
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vero%20cell
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Vero cells are a lineage of cells used in cell cultures. The 'Vero' lineage was isolated from kidney epithelial cells extracted from an African green monkey (Chlorocebus sp.; formerly called Cercopithecus aethiops, this group of monkeys has been split into several different species). The lineage was developed on 27 March 1962, by Yasumura and Kawakita at the Chiba University in Chiba, Japan. The original cell line was named Vero after an abbreviation of , which means 'green kidney' in Esperanto, while itself means 'truth' in Esperanto.
Characteristics
The Vero cell lineage is continuous and aneuploid, meaning that it has an abnormal number of chromosomes. A continuous cell lineage can be replicated through many cycles of division and not become senescent.
Vero cells are interferon-deficient; unlike normal mammalian cells, they do not secrete interferon alpha or beta when infected by viruses. However, they still have the Interferon-alpha/beta receptor, so they respond normally when recombinant interferon is added to their culture media.
The whole genome sequence of a Vero cell line was determined by Japanese investigators in 2014. Chromosome 12 of Vero cells has a homozygous ~9-Mb deletion, causing the loss of the type I interferon gene cluster and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2A and CDKN2B in the genome. Although African green monkeys were previously classified as Cercopithecus aethiops, they have been placed within the genus Chlorocebus, which includes sever
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petter%20Jakob%20Bjerve
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Petter Jakob Bjerve (27 September 1913 – 12 January 2004) was a Norwegian economist, statistician and politician for the Labour Party. Prominent positions include director of Statistics Norway from 1949 to 1980, Norwegian Minister of Finance from 1960 to 1963, and president of the International Statistical Institute from 1971 to 1975.
Career
He was born in Stjørdal as a son of farmers Petter Jakob Bjerve, Sr. (1869–1928) and Kristine Arnstad (1870–1961). He married Rannveig Bremer, a daughter of Anders H. Bremer.
Bjerve attended secondary school in Orkdal, and was active in Clarté before joining the Labour Party. He studied under Ragnar Frisch at the University of Oslo, and graduated with the cand.oecon. degree in 1941. He studied at The American University, Washington DC from 1938 to 1939 and again in the US with a Rockefeller Foundation grant from 1947 to 1949. At the University of Oslo he worked as a research assistant from 1939 to 1940, teacher from 1941 to 1943 and research fellow from 1945 to 1949. He also held sporadic lectures between 1945 and 1960. He was also a visiting professor at Stanford University from 1954 to 1955. He was also a secretary in Statistics Norway from 1944 to 1945 and assistant secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Finance. In 1949 he was hired as a director in Statistics Norway. He remained here until 1980. The exception was his period as Minister of Finance in Gerhardsen's Third Cabinet, from 23 April 1960 until his resignation on 4 February
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation%20sum
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In chaos theory, the correlation sum is the estimator of the correlation integral, which reflects the mean probability that the states at two different times are close:
where is the number of considered states , is a threshold distance, a norm (e.g. Euclidean norm) and the Heaviside step function. If only a time series is available, the phase space can be reconstructed by using a time delay embedding (see Takens' theorem):
where is the time series, the embedding dimension and the time delay.
The correlation sum is used to estimate the correlation dimension.
See also
Recurrence quantification analysis
References
Chaos theory
Dynamical systems
Dimension theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look-ahead%20%28backtracking%29
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In backtracking algorithms, look ahead is the generic term for a subprocedure that attempts to foresee the effects of choosing a branching variable to evaluate one of its values. The two main aims of look-ahead are to choose a variable to evaluate next and to choose the order of values to assign to it.
Constraint satisfaction
In a general constraint satisfaction problem, every variable can take a value in a domain. A backtracking algorithm therefore iteratively chooses a variable and tests each of its possible values; for each value the algorithm is recursively run. Look ahead is used to check the effects of choosing a given variable to evaluate or to decide the order of values to give to it.
Look ahead techniques
The simpler technique for evaluating the effect of a specific assignment to a variable is called forward checking. Given the current partial solution and a candidate assignment to evaluate, it checks whether another variable can take a consistent value. In other words, it first extends the current partial solution with the tentative value for the considered variable; it then considers every other variable that is still unassigned, and checks whether there exists an evaluation of that is consistent with the extended partial solution. More generally, forward checking determines the values for that are consistent with the extended assignment.
A look-ahead technique that may be more time-consuming but may produce better results is based on arc consistency. Namely
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20texture
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Soil texture is a classification instrument used both in the field and laboratory to determine soil classes based on their physical texture. Soil texture can be determined using qualitative methods such as texture by feel, and quantitative methods such as the hydrometer method based on Stokes' law. Soil texture has agricultural applications such as determining crop suitability and to predict the response of the soil to environmental and management conditions such as drought or calcium (lime) requirements. Soil texture focuses on the particles that are less than two millimeters in diameter which include sand, silt, and clay. The USDA soil taxonomy and WRB soil classification systems use 12 textural classes whereas the UK-ADAS system uses 11. These classifications are based on the percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the soil.
History
The first classification, the International system, was first proposed by Albert Atterberg in 1905 and was based on his studies in southern Sweden. Atterberg chose 20 μm for the upper limit of silt fraction because particles smaller than that size were not visible to the naked eye, the suspension could be coagulated by salts, capillary rise within 24 hours was most rapid in this fraction, and the pores between compacted particles were so small as to prevent the entry of root hairs. Commission One of the International Society of Soil Science (ISSS) recommended its use at the first International Congress of Soil Science in Washington in 1927.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exogenote
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An exogenote is a piece of donor DNA that is involved in the mating of prokaryotic organisms.
Transferred DNA of Hfr (high frequency of recombination) is called exogenote and homologous part of F (fertility factor) genophore is called endogenote. An exogenote is genetic material that is released into the environment by prokaryotic cells, usually upon their lysis. This exogenous genetic material is then free to be taken up by other competent bacteria, and used as a template for protein synthesis or broken down for its molecules to be used elsewhere in the cell. Taking up genetic material into the cell from the surrounding environment is a form of bacterial transformation. Exogenotes can also be transferred directly from donor to recipient bacteria as an F'-plasmid in a process known as bacterial conjugation. F'-plasmids only form if the F+ factor is incorrectly translated, and results in a small amount of donor DNA erroneously transferring to the recipient with very high efficiency.
References
Genomics
Prokaryotes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZWL
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LZWL is a syllable-based variant of the character-based LZW compression algorithm that can work with syllables obtained by all algorithms of decomposition into syllables. The algorithm can be used for words too.
Algorithm
Algorithm LZWL can work with syllables obtained by all algorithms of decomposition into syllables. This algorithm can be used for words too.
In the initialization step, the dictionary is filled up with all characters from the alphabet. In each next step, it is searched for the maximal string , which is from the dictionary and matches the prefix of the still non-coded part of the input. The number of phrase is sent to the output. A new phrase is added to the dictionary. This phrase is created by concatenation of string S and the character that follows in the file. The actual input position is moved forward by the length of .
Decoding has only one situation for solving. We can receive the number of phrase, which is not from the dictionary. In this case, that phrase can be created by the concatenation of the last added phrase with its first character.
The syllable-based version uses a list of syllables as an alphabet. In the initialization step, the empty syllable and small syllables from a database of frequent syllables are added to the dictionary. Finding string and coding its number is similar to the character-based version, except that string is a string of syllables. The number of phrase is encoded to the output. The string can be the empty syllab
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenspinor
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In quantum mechanics, eigenspinors are thought of as basis vectors representing the general spin state of a particle. Strictly speaking, they are not vectors at all, but in fact spinors. For a single spin 1/2 particle, they can be defined as the eigenvectors of the Pauli matrices.
General eigenspinors
In quantum mechanics, the spin of a particle or collection of particles is quantized. In particular, all particles have either half integer or integer spin. In the most general case, the eigenspinors for a system can be quite complicated. If you have a collection of the Avogadro number of particles, each one with two (or more) possible spin states, writing down a complete set of eigenspinors would not be practically possible. However, eigenspinors are very useful when dealing with the spins of a very small number of particles.
The spin 1/2 particle
The simplest and most illuminating example of eigenspinors is for a single spin 1/2 particle. A particle's spin has three components, corresponding to the three spatial dimensions: , , and . For a spin 1/2 particle, there are only two possible eigenstates of spin: spin up, and spin down. Spin up is denoted as the column matrix:
and spin down is
.
Each component of the angular momentum thus has two eigenspinors. By convention, the z direction is chosen as having the and states as its eigenspinors. The eigenspinors for the other two orthogonal directions follow from this convention:
:
:
:
All of these results are
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesiculovirus
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Vesiculovirus is a genus of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, within the order Mononegavirales.
Taxonomy
The genus contains the following species:
Alagoas vesiculovirus
Carajas vesiculovirus
Chandipura vesiculovirus
Cocal vesiculovirus
Eptesicus vesiculovirus
Indiana vesiculovirus
Isfahan vesiculovirus
Jurona vesiculovirus
Malpais Spring vesiculovirus
Maraba vesiculovirus
Morreton vesiculovirus
New Jersey vesiculovirus
Perinet vesiculovirus
Piry vesiculovirus
Radi vesiculovirus
Rhinolophus vesiculovirus
Yug Bogdanovac vesiculovirus
References
External links
ViralZone: Vesiculovirus
Vesiculoviruses
Virus genera
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.992.3%20Annex%20L
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ITU-T G.992.3 Annex L is an optional specification in the ITU-T recommendation G.992.3 for ADSL2 titled Specific requirements for a Reach Extended ADSL2 (READSL2) system operating in the frequency band above POTS, therefore it is often referred to as Reach Extended ADSL2 or READSL2.
The main difference between this specification and commonly deployed Annex A is the maximum distance that can be used. The power of the lower frequencies used for transmitting data is boosted up to increase the reach of this signal up to 7 kilometers (23,000 ft). The upper frequency limit for READSL2 is reduced to 552 kHz to keep the total power roughly the same as Annex A. Since READSL2 is intended for use on long loops there isn't much (any) usable bandwidth above 552 kHz anyway.
Although the standard development is completed and verified by the ITU, some owners of local loop networks don't allow this standard to be used because the high power can create audible Crosstalk. However, this standard is implemented nationwide by the incumbent local exchange carrier France Telecom.
Frequency plans described in the various annexes
Tones are spaced apart by 4.3125kHz. In the Annex A, L and M frequency standards, POTS (analog PSTN voice) occupies (what would be) tones 0-3, tones 4-7 are reserved for a ‘guard band’, and the upstream DSL transmission band uses tones 8-31 in Annex A and L, or 8-56 in Annex M. In Annex B, ISDN occupies tones 0-31, DSL upstream uses tones 33-56. Annex I and J are for DS
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teng%20Huo-tu
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Teng Huo-tu (; 1911–1978) was an ichthyologist with the Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute (). Much of his work involved classification of chondricthyes, especially sharks.
In 1959, Teng officially described the smalleye pygmy shark.
While at the Fisheries Research Institute, Teng directed the construction of the Hai Kung, the first Taiwanese ship to complete an Antarctic expedition, in 1977.
References
1911 births
1978 deaths
Taiwanese ichthyologists
20th-century zoologists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20locomotive%20classification
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The different railway companies in Germany have used various schemes to classify their rolling stock.
From the beginning
As widely known the first few locomotives had names. The first locomotive in public service in Germany from 1835 was named Adler. The first railway lines were built by privately owned companies. That changed later when many railway companies were taken over or founded by the respective German states such as Prussia, Bavaria, etc.
Different numbering schemes prior to 1924
The fast-growing number of locomotives made a numbering scheme inevitable. Most of the various state-owned German railway companies (called Länderbahnen in German) developed their own schemes, e. g. the Prussian state railways (preußische Staatseisenbahnen sometimes erroneously referred to as the Königlich Preussische Eisenbahn-Verwaltung or KPEV) introduced P for passenger train locomotives (the P 8 was one of the most important locomotive types with a total of over 3,000 units built), S for Schnellzug (express train) locomotives (e. g. the famous S 10), G for Güterzug (freight train) locomotives and T for Tenderlokomotive (tank locomotive). Basically the numbers were used continuously. As the Prussians also standardised technical standards, some of the smaller companies also used the Prussian numbering scheme or a similar one.
Bavaria's state-owned railway chose a different way: They also used P, S, or G to indicate the train type, but combined with the numbers of driving axles and of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thamud%2C%20Yemen
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Thamud () is a town in northeastern Yemen. It is located at around .
Climate
Thamud has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWh). The average annual temperature is 24.1 °C. The average annual rainfall is 90 mm.
References
Populated places in Hadhramaut Governorate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20von%20Ragu%C3%A9%20Schleyer
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Paul von Ragué Schleyer (February 27, 1930 – November 21, 2014) was an American physical organic chemist whose research is cited with great frequency. A 1997 survey indicated that Dr. Schleyer was, at the time, the world's third most cited chemist, with over 1100 technical papers produced. He was Eugene Higgins Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University, professor and co-director of the Institute for Organic Chemistry (Institut für organische Chemie) at the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg in Germany, and later Graham Perdue Professor of Chemistry at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia. He published twelve books in the fields of lithium chemistry, ab initio molecular orbital theory and carbonium ions. He was past president of the World Association of Theoretically Oriented Chemists, a fellow of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science and editor-in-chief of the Encyclopedia of Computational Chemistry.
Early life
Born on February 27, 1930, in Cleveland, Ohio, Schleyer graduated as the valedictorian from his class at Cleveland West Technical High School in 1947. Schleyer received his A.B. degree from Princeton University in 1951 magna cum laude. He then earned his Ph.D. degree from Harvard University in 1957, where he worked under physical organic chemist Paul Doughty Bartlett.
Princeton University years
Schleyer began teaching at Princeton in 1954 and became Eugene Higgins Professor of Chemistry there. Working within the Frick Laboratory on the Pri
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20contaminated%20cell%20lines
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Many cell lines that are widely used for biomedical research have been overgrown by other, more aggressive cells. For example, supposed thyroid lines were actually melanoma cells, supposed prostate tissue was actually bladder cancer, and supposed normal uterine cultures were actually breast cancer. This is a list of cell lines that have been cross-contaminated and overgrown by other cells. Estimates based on screening of leukemia-lymphoma cell lines suggest that about 15% of these cell lines are not representative of what they are usually assumed to be. A project is currently underway to enumerate and rename contaminated cell lines to avoid errors in research caused by misattribution.
Contaminated cell lines have been extensively used in research without knowledge of their true character. For example, most if not all research on the endothelium ECV-304 or the megakaryocyte DAMI cell lines has in reality been conducted on bladder carcinoma and erythroleukemia cells, respectively. Thus, all research on endothelium- or megakaryocyte-specific functions utilizing these cell lines has turned out to be misguided, serving more of a warning example.
There are two principal ways a cell line can become contaminated: cell cultures are often exchanged between research groups; if, during handling, a sample gets contaminated and then passed on, subsequent exchanges of cells will lead to the contaminating population being established, although parts of the supposed cell line are still genu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20Peter%20Raynes
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Edward Peter Raynes (born ) is Professor of Optoelectronic Engineering at the University of Oxford (since 1998). He was, and continues to be, an early developer and advocate of liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
Raynes was educated at St Peter's School, York and obtained his PhD from the University of Cambridge; he then worked at RSRE (Malvern) for 21 years until 1991. He is a Fellow of St Cross College.
He has been the chief scientist of Sharp Laboratories (Europe) since 1992.
Awards
IoP Paterson medal 1986
Society of Information Display
Selected publications
Electro-optic response times in liquid crystals, E. Jakeman, and E. P. Raynes, Physics Letters A, Vol. 39, Iss. 1, p. 69-70 1972.
Improved contrast uniformity in twisted nematic liquid-crystal electro-optic display devices, E P Raynes, Electronics Letters. Vol. 10, pp. 141–142. (1974)
Recent advances in liquid crystal materials and display devices, E. P. Raynes, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. ED-26, p. 1116-1122 (1979).
Supertwisted nematic liquid crystal displays (review), E. P. Raynes and C. M. Waters, Displays, Vol. 8, Iss. 2, pp. 59–63 (1987)
Optical studies of thin layers of smectic-C materials, Anderson, M.H., Jones, J.C., Raynes, E.P., Towler, M.J., Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 24, Iss. 3, pp. 338–342 (1991)
Ferroelectric liquid crystal display, Koden, M., et al., Shapu Giho/Sharp Technical Journal, Iss. 69, pp. 47–50 (1997)
References
People educated at St Peter's Scho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POTC
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POTC may refer to:
potC RNA motif, an RNA structure
Pirates of the Caribbean, a Disney franchise
Philippine Overseas Telecommunications Corporation
1st Pursuit Organization and Training Center, at Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome, 1918
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRSI
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MRSI can refer to the following:
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (in medical imaging)
Multiple Rounds Simultaneous Impact (in artillery)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensonido
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Ensonido is a real-time post processing algorithm that allows users to play back MP3 Surround files in standard headphones.
Ensonido was developed by the Fraunhofer Society. It simulates the natural reception of surround sound by the human ear, which usually receives tones from surrounding loudspeakers and from reflections and echoes of the listening room. The out-of-head localization achieved that way increases the listening comfort noticeably in contrast to conventional stereo headphone listening with its in-head localization of all sounds. In version 3.0 of the Fraunhofer IIS MP3 Surround Player, Ensonido is replaced with newer mp3HD
External links
all4mp3.com Software, demos, information, and various mp3 resources
mp3surround.com - Demo content, information and evaluation software
The Register news story
Press Releases
mp3surrounded.com - First Blog in the internet about MP3 Surround-MP3 Surround Samples
Audio codecs
Digital audio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioimmunotherapy
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Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) uses an antibody labeled with a radionuclide to deliver cytotoxic radiation to a target cell. It is a form of unsealed source radiotherapy. In cancer therapy, an antibody with specificity for a tumor-associated antigen is used to deliver a lethal dose of radiation to the tumor cells. The ability for the antibody to specifically bind to a tumor-associated antigen increases the dose delivered to the tumor cells while decreasing the dose to normal tissues. By its nature, RIT requires a tumor cell to express an antigen that is unique to the neoplasm or is not accessible in normal cells.
History of available agents
131I tositumomab and 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan were the first agents of radioimmunotherapy, and they were approved for the treatment of refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This means they are used in patients whose lymphoma is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and the monoclonal antibody rituximab.
Agents in clinical development
A set of radioimmunotherapy drugs that rely upon an alpha-emitting isotope (e.g., bismuth-213 or, preferably, actinium-225), rather than a beta emitter, as the killing source of radiation is being developed. Several phase II clinical trials for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia have been carried out using alpha-emitting RITs.
90Y-FF-21101 is a monoclonal antibody against P-cadherin radiolabeled with yttrium-90. It is one of several RIT treatments under investigation intending to treat solid tumors. A pha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree%20alignment
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In computational phylogenetics, tree alignment is a computational problem concerned with producing multiple sequence alignments, or alignments of three or more sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein. Sequences are arranged into a phylogenetic tree, modeling the evolutionary relationships between species or taxa. The edit distances between sequences are calculated for each of the tree's internal vertices, such that the sum of all edit distances within the tree is minimized. Tree alignment can be accomplished using one of several algorithms with various trade-offs between manageable tree size and computational effort.
Definition
Input: A set of sequences, a phylogenetic tree leaf-labeled by and an edit distance function between sequences.
Output: A labeling of the internal vertices of such that is minimized, where is the edit distance between the endpoints of .
The task is NP-hard.
Background
Sequence alignment
In bioinformatics, the basic method of information processing is to contrast the sequence data. Biologists use it to discover the function, structure, and evolutionary information in biological sequences. The following analyses are based on the sequence assembly: the phylogenetic analysis, the haplotype comparison, and the prediction of RNA structure. Therefore, the efficiency of sequence alignment will directly affect the efficacy of solving these problems. In order to design a rational and efficient sequence alignment, the algorithm derivation becomes an import
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripple
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Ripple may refer to:
Science and technology
Capillary wave, commonly known as ripple, a wave traveling along the phase boundary of a fluid
Ripple, more generally a disturbance, for example of spacetime in gravitational waves
Ripple (electrical), residual periodic variation in DC voltage during ac to dc conversion
Ripple current, pulsed current draw caused by some non-linear devices and circuits
Frequency-domain ripple
Ringing (signal), oscillation of a signal, particularly in the step response
Polarization ripples, appearing after irradiation of a solid by energy flux (laser, ions, etc.)
Ripple marks, as identified in sediments and sedimentary rocks
Ripple (payment protocol), a real-time payment system by Ripple Labs
Ripple control, a form of electrical load management
Various brainwave patterns, including those which follow sharp waves in the hippocampus
Ripple I and Ripple II, 1962 US nuclear bomb tests in Operation Dominic
Organizations
Ripple (charitable organisation), a non-profit click-to-donate internet site and search engine
Ripple Labs, the firm that created the Ripple payment protocol
Ripple Foods, a brand of pea-protein dairy alternative products
Arts and entertainment
"Ripple" (Naruto episode), an episode in an anime series
The Ripple (newspaper), the student newspaper at the University of Leicester
Ripple (My Little Pony)
Ripples (TV series)
Ripples (musical), a musical comedy theatrical production
Ripple, a phenomenon in JoJo's Bizarre A
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20phylogenetics
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Computational phylogenetics, phylogeny inference, or phylogenetic inference focuses on computational and optimization algorithms, heuristics, and approaches involved in phylogenetic analyses. The goal is to find a phylogenetic tree representing optimal evolutionary ancestry between a set of genes, species, or taxa. Maximum likelihood, parsimony, Bayesian, and minimum evolution are typical optimality criteria used to assess how well a phylogenetic tree topology describes the sequence data. Nearest Neighbour Interchange (NNI), Subtree Prune and Regraft (SPR), and Tree Bisection and Reconnection (TBR), known as tree rearrangements, are deterministic algorithms to search for optimal or the best phylogenetic tree. The space and the landscape of searching for the optimal phylogenetic tree is known as phylogeny search space.
Maximum Likelihood (also likelihood) optimality criterion is the process of finding the tree topology along with its branch lengths that provides the highest probability observing the sequence data, while parsimony optimality criterion is the fewest number of state-evolutionary changes required for a phylogenetic tree to explain the sequence data.
Traditional phylogenetics relies on morphological data obtained by measuring and quantifying the phenotypic properties of representative organisms, while the more recent field of molecular phylogenetics uses nucleotide sequences encoding genes or amino acid sequences encoding proteins as the basis for classification.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription%20factor%20Sp1
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Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor.
In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory sequence of the genome.
Structure
SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 kDa. The SP1 transcription factor contains two glutamine-rich activation domains at its N-terminus that are believed to be necessary for promoter trans-activation. SP1 most notably contains three zinc finger protein motifs at its C-terminus, by which it binds directly to DNA and allows for interaction of the protein with other transcriptional regulators. Its zinc fingers are of the Cys2/His2 type and bind the consensus sequence 5'-(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)-3' (GC box element).
Some 12,000 SP-1 binding sites are found in the human genome.
Applications
Sp1 has been used as a control protein to compare with when studying
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SP1
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SP1 and variants may refer to:
Bowlus SP-1 Paper Wing, glider
SP-1 switch, a late 1960s telecommunications switch by Northern Electric
Sp1 transcription factor, a human protein
Dallara SP1, a race car
Savoia-Pomilio SP.1, a reconnaissance and bomber aircraft built in Italy during the First World War
USS Arawan II (SP-1), a motor yacht that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1918
Vektor SP1/SP2, a pistol
SP-01, a variant of the CZ 75 pistol
Shapley 1, an annular planetary nebula in the constellation of Norma
Service pack 1, a collection of computer program patches and alterations
Surface Pro, a laplet by Microsoft
Skulduggery Pleasant (novel), a young adult fiction novel by Derek Landy
a model of steam toy made by British manufacturer Mamod
a sink in the Sima Pumacocha, a cave in Peru
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Bridges%20Museum%20of%20American%20Art
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Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art is a museum of American art in Bentonville, Arkansas. The museum, founded by Alice Walton and designed by Moshe Safdie, officially opened on 11 November 2011. It offers free public admission.
Overview and founding
Alice Walton, the daughter of Walmart founder Sam Walton, spearheaded the Walton Family Foundation's involvement in developing Crystal Bridges. The museum's glass-and-wood design by architect Moshe Safdie and engineer Buro Happold features a series of pavilions nestled around two creek-fed ponds and forest trails. The soil is flinty silt loam derived from chert and cherty limestone and is mapped as Noark-Bendavis complex. The complex includes galleries, meeting and classroom spaces, a library, a sculpture garden, a museum store designed by architect Marlon Blackwell, a restaurant and coffee bar, named Eleven after the day the museum opened, "11/11/11". Crystal Bridges also features a gathering space that can accommodate up to 300 people. Additionally, there are outdoor areas for concerts and public events, as well as extensive nature trails. It employs approximately 300 people, and is within walking distance of downtown Bentonville.
The museum has amassed $488 million in assets as of August 2008, an amount that will increase as more pieces are continually added to the museum's collection. It is the first major art museum (over $200 million endowment) to open in the United States since 1974. Over $317 million of the project
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genos
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In ancient Greece, a genos (Greek: γένος, "race, stock, kin", plural γένη genē) was a social group claiming common descent, referred to by a single name (see also Sanskrit "Gana"). Most gene were composed of noble families—Herodotus uses the term to denote noble families—and much of early Greek politics seems to have involved struggles between gene. Gene are best attested in Athens, where writers from Herodotus to Aristotle dealt with them.
Early modern historians postulated that gene had been the basic organizational group of the Dorian and Ionian tribes that settled Greece during the Greek Dark Ages, but more recent scholarship has reached the conclusion that gene arose later as certain families staked a claim to noble lineage. In time, some, but not necessarily all, gene came to be associated with hereditary priestly functions.
See also
Gana
Gens
Phratry
Phyle
References
Fine, John V.A. The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History. Harvard University Press, 1983.
Hornblower, Simon, and Anthony Spawforth ed. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2003.
Society of ancient Greece
Clans
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Johnson%20%28disambiguation%29
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Samuel Johnson (1709–1784) was an English literary figure and compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language; often referred to as "Dr. Johnson."
Samuel, Sammy or Sam Johnson may also refer to:
Arts and letters
Samuel Johnson (dramatist) (1691–1773), author of Hurlothrumbo
Samuel Johnson (American educator) (1696–1772), American colonial intellectual and educator; first president of King's College (now Columbia University)
Samuel Johnson (pamphleteer) (1649–1703), English political writer
Samuel Johnson Jr. (1757–1836), American schoolteacher and lexicographer
Samuel Johnson (Nigerian historian) (1846–1901), Anglican priest and historian of the Yoruba
Business
Samuel Curtis Johnson Sr. (1833–1919), American businessman
Samuel Curtis Johnson Jr. (1928–2004), American businessman
S. Curtis Johnson or Samuel Curtis Johnson, American businessman
Politics
Samuel Ealy Johnson Sr. (1838–1915), American businessman, rancher and presidential grandfather
Samuel Johnson (Michigan politician) (1839–1916), member of the Michigan House of Representatives
Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. (1877–1937), Texas politician and presidential father
Sam Johnson (Oregon politician) (1911–1984), Oregon businessman, legislator, and philanthropist
Sam Houston Johnson (1914–1978), younger brother of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson
Sam Johnson (1930–2020), Texas congressman
I. Sam Johnson (1840–1906), American lawyer and politician from New York
Samuel William Johnson (assemblyman) (1828–189
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zircophyllite
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Zircophyllite is a complex mineral, formula . It crystallizes in the triclinic - pinacoidal crystal class as dark brown to black micaceous plates. It has perfect 001 cleavage, a Mohs hardness of 4 to 4.5 and a specific gravity of 3.34. Its indices of refraction are nα=1.708 nβ=1.738 nγ=1.747 and it has a 2V optical angle of 62°.
It occurs with natrolite in alkali pegmatites. It was discovered in 1972 in the Korgeredabinsh massif, Tuva, Russia and is named for its zirconium content and its relationship to astrophyllite. It is also known from the Mont Saint-Hilaire intrusive complex of Québec, Canada.
Zircophyllite is radioactive, but the radioactivity is barely detectable.
References
Inosilicates
Potassium minerals
Sodium minerals
Manganese minerals
Iron minerals
Zirconium minerals
Titanium minerals
Niobium minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Minerals described in 1972
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Formylmethionine
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N-Formylmethionine (fMet, HCO-Met, For-Met) is a derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been added to the amino group. It is specifically used for initiation of protein synthesis from bacterial and organellar genes, and may be removed post-translationally.
fMet plays a crucial part in the protein synthesis of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. It is not used in cytosolic protein synthesis of eukaryotes, where eukaryotic nuclear genes are translated. It is also not used by Archaea. In the human body, fMet is recognized by the immune system as foreign material, or as an alarm signal released by damaged cells, and stimulates the body to fight against potential infection.
Function in protein synthesis
fMet is a starting residue in the synthesis of proteins in bacteria, and, consequently, is located at the N-terminus of the growing polypeptide. fMet is delivered to the ribosome (30S) - mRNA complex by a specialized tRNA (tRNAfMet) which has a 3'-UAC-5' anticodon that is capable of binding with the 5'-AUG-3' start codon located on the mRNA. fMet is thus coded by the same codon as methionine; however, AUG is also the translation initiation codon. When the codon is used for initiation, fMet is used instead of methionine, thereby forming the first amino acid as the peptide chain is synthesized. When the same codon appears later in the mRNA, normal methionine is used. Many organisms use variations of this basic mechanism.
The addition of the fo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegel%27s%20theorem%20on%20integral%20points
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In mathematics, Siegel's theorem on integral points states that for a smooth algebraic curve C of genus g defined over a number field K, presented in affine space in a given coordinate system, there are only finitely many points on C with coordinates in the ring of integers O of K, provided g > 0.
The theorem was first proved in 1929 by Carl Ludwig Siegel and was the first major result on Diophantine equations that depended only on the genus and not any special algebraic form of the equations. For g > 1 it was superseded by Faltings's theorem in 1983.
History
In 1929, Siegel proved the theorem by combining a version of the Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem, from diophantine approximation, with the Mordell–Weil theorem from diophantine geometry (required in Weil's version, to apply to the Jacobian variety of C).
In 2002, Umberto Zannier and Pietro Corvaja gave a new proof by using a new method based on the subspace theorem.
Effective versions
Siegel's result was ineffective (see effective results in number theory), since Thue's method in diophantine approximation also is ineffective in describing possible very good rational approximations to algebraic numbers. Effective results in some cases derive from Baker's method.
See also
Diophantine geometry
References
Diophantine equations
Theorems in number theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memetic%20algorithm
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A memetic algorithm (MA) in computer science and operations research, is an extension of the traditional genetic algorithm (GA) or more general evolutionary algorithm (EA). It may provide a sufficiently good solution to an optimization problem. It uses a suitable heuristic or local search technique to improve the quality of solutions generated by the EA and to reduce the likelihood of premature convergence.
Memetic algorithms represent one of the recent growing areas of research in evolutionary computation. The term MA is now widely used as a synergy of evolutionary or any population-based approach with separate individual learning or local improvement procedures for problem search. Quite often, MAs are also referred to in the literature as Baldwinian evolutionary algorithms (EAs), Lamarckian EAs, cultural algorithms, or genetic local search.
Introduction
Inspired by both Darwinian principles of natural evolution and Dawkins' notion of a meme, the term memetic algorithm (MA) was introduced by Pablo Moscato in his technical report in 1989 where he viewed MA as being close to a form of population-based hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with an individual learning procedure capable of performing local refinements. The metaphorical parallels, on the one hand, to Darwinian evolution and, on the other hand, between memes and domain specific (local search) heuristics are captured within memetic algorithms thus rendering a methodology that balances well between generality and p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Parobeck
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Michael J. Parobeck (July 7, 1965 – July 2, 1996) was an American comics artist best known for his work on the Batman Adventures comic book. His artwork featured a fluid animation-inspired drawing style coupled with clear, clean layouts well-suited to the book.
Early life
Mike Parobeck, one of six siblings, grew up in Lancaster, Ohio. He studied at the Central Academy of Commercial Art in Cincinnati.
Career
Parobeck got to know DC Comics editor Brian Augustyn, to whom he repeatedly sent photocopies of his sample artwork. Augustyn eventually contacted Parobeck to give him a job penciling a few pages of a Doctor Light story in Secret Origins #37. This led to his first regular series work on El Diablo, with writer Gerard Jones, which lasted sixteen issues. Other important series on which he worked were The Fly for DC's short-lived Impact Comics imprint, as well as the 1992 Justice Society of America series, on both of which he worked together with writer Len Strazewski, and the Elongated Man mini-series, also from 1992.
His big breakthrough toward both critical and commercial success came with his work on Batman Adventures, a comic book tie-in to the animated TV series Batman: The Animated Series, on which he took over from Ty Templeton with issue 7. Parobeck and was the regular artist until his death. Parobeck named issue 14 as his favorite issue to have drawn, as that issue focused on Robin, who was Parobeck's favorite character to draw.
Personal life
By 1995, Parobeck
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quest%20%28cigarette%29
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Quest was an American brand of cigarettes manufactured by Vector Tobacco and available in the United States from 2002–2010. It was manufactured using genetically altered tobacco plants.
The product was available in three versions. Quest 1, Quest 2, and Quest 3.
Each version of the product contained a different amount of nicotine.
Quest 1 was reported to have of .6 mg of nicotine. Quest 2 was reported to have of .3 mg of nicotine. Quest 3 was reported to have only traced amounts of nicotine (.05 mg).
The manufacturer stressed that Quest cigarettes contained all the unhealthy carcinogens and had the same side effects of a regular cigarette, with the single exception of reduced nicotine levels.
References
External links
Cigarette brands
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Quest
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Crystal Quest is an action game written by Patrick Buckland for the Macintosh and published by Casady & Greene in 1987. It was ported to the Apple IIGS in 1989 by Rebecca Heineman. Ports were also made to the Amiga, Game Boy, iOS, and Palm. It was the first game to support the color displays of the Macintosh II.
The game was based on the original shareware game Crystal Raider, one of the supporters of which had been Michael Greene, founder of Greene, Inc. (later to merge with CasadyWare to become Casady & Greene). A sequel, similar to the original game, Crystal Crazy, was released in 1993.
On February 7, 2006 Crystal Quest was released on Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade.
Game Mechanics LLC licensed Crystal Quest and launched on Kickstarter to raise money to create a new version in February 2015. As of November 23, 2016, Crystal Quest is available for Steam.
Development
Crystal Quest is easier to play in color mode on the Macintosh version as opposed to monochrome, as more RAM is used, causing enemies to move slower. Improvements and features in Crystal Quest over its predecessor Crystal Raider include a two-player mode, support for color, improved sound, and a demo mode. A glitch in the demo mode for early copies of Crystal Quest caused system errors on one out of ten Mac IIs, and those affected could call Greene Inc. for a replacement copy of the game.
Reception
Macworld reviewed the Macintosh version of Crystal Quest, praising its action gameplay and colorful graphics,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20101.2
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Radio 101.2 was a radio station in the Belarusian capital of Minsk. In 1995 and 1996 the radio station, which is at the frequency 101.2, was broadcasting news and was not affiliated with the national government. The editorial staff was assembled mostly by hiring the journalists of the closed station .
Soros Foundation helped to buy the equipment for newly started radio in 1995. The station was closed on formally technical reasons and was transferred over to the Belarusian Republican Youth Union, who still uses the radio today. The government has claimed that the station, and its frequency, was interfering with the radio communications of the Minsk police force. Independent groups claimed that this was another method by the government of Alexander Lukashenko to suppress the freedom of the press inside Belarus.
The technical problems that were claimed to be the reason to close the broadcast never happened again. On July 9, 1997, Lukashenko authorized giving 101.2 frequency to the state-controlled Radio Style.
Broadcast
Radio 101.2 was commercially successful, it had a wide audience and attracted big sponsors. Its analytical programmes criticized the authorities, the news blocks published information about the demonstrations, names of the detained. However, the media strived to be objective, it published governmental releases and invited the state officials to comment the actual issues.
Reception
Music journalist Źmicier Padbiareski said in 2000 that the example of Radio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20serum%20albumin
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Human serum albumin is the serum albumin found in human blood. It is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma; it constitutes about half of serum protein. It is produced in the liver. It is soluble in water, and it is monomeric.
Albumin transports hormones, fatty acids, and other compounds, buffers pH, and maintains oncotic pressure, among other functions.
Albumin is synthesized in the liver as preproalbumin, which has an N-terminal peptide that is removed before the nascent protein is released from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The product, proalbumin, is in turn cleaved in the Golgi apparatus to produce the secreted albumin.
The reference range for albumin concentrations in serum is approximately 35–50 g/L (3.5–5.0 g/dL). It has a serum half-life of approximately 21 days. It has a molecular mass of 66.5 kDa.
The gene for albumin is located on chromosome 4 in locus 4q13.3 and mutations in this gene can result in anomalous proteins. The human albumin gene is 16,961 nucleotides long from the putative 'cap' site to the first poly(A) addition site. It is split into 15 exons that are symmetrically placed within the 3 domains thought to have arisen by triplication of a single primordial domain.
Human serum albumin (HSA) is a highly water-soluble globular monomeric plasma protein with a relative molecular weight of 67 KDa, consisting of 585 amino acid residues, one sulfhydryl group and 17 disulfide bridges. Among nanoparticulate carriers, HSA nanoparticles have long
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier-to-noise%20ratio
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In telecommunications, the carrier-to-noise ratio, often written CNR or C/N, is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a modulated signal. The term is used to distinguish the CNR of the radio frequency passband signal from the SNR of an analog base band message signal after demodulation. For example, with FM radio, the strength of the 100 MHz carrier with modulations would be considered for CNR, whereas the audio frequency analogue message signal would be for SNR; in each case, compared to the apparent noise. If this distinction is not necessary, the term SNR is often used instead of CNR, with the same definition.
Digitally modulated signals (e.g. QAM or PSK) are basically made of two CW carriers (the I and Q components, which are out-of-phase carriers). In fact, the information (bits or symbols) is carried by given combinations of phase and/or amplitude of the I and Q components. It is for this reason that, in the context of digital modulations, digitally modulated signals are usually referred to as carriers. Therefore, the term carrier-to-noise-ratio (CNR), instead of signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), is preferred to express the signal quality when the signal has been digitally modulated.
High C/N ratios provide good quality of reception, for example low bit error rate (BER) of a digital message signal, or high SNR of an analog message signal.
Definition
The carrier-to-noise ratio is defined as the ratio of the received modulated carrier signal power C to the received noise power
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPLC
|
FPLC may refer to:
Fast protein liquid chromatography, a technique used to separate or purify proteins from complex mixtures
Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (French: Forces Patriotiques pour la Libération du Congo), the military wing of the Union of Congolese Patriots
French Protestant Church of London
Franklin Pierce Law Center, a law school located in Concord, New Hampshire, USA
Full Product Life Cycle (see Systems Development Life Cycle)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20sclerosis
|
Nuclear sclerosis is an age-related change in the density of the crystalline lens nucleus that occurs in all older animals. It is caused by compression of older lens fibers in the nucleus by new fiber formation. The denser construction of the nucleus causes it to scatter light. Although nuclear sclerosis may describe a type of early cataract in human medicine, in veterinary medicine the term is also known as lenticular sclerosis and describes a bluish-grey haziness at the nucleus that usually does not affect vision, except for unusually dense cases. Immature senile cataract has to be differentiated with nuclear sclerosis while making its diagnosis.
Veterinary Medicine
In veterinary practice, nuclear sclerosis is a consistent finding in dogs greater than six years old. Nuclear sclerosis appears as a bilateral bluish-grey haziness at the nucleus, or center of the lens, caused by an increase in the refractive index of that part of the lens due to its increased density. It is often confused with other types of cataract. The condition is differentiated from other types of cataract by its clinical appearance, by shining a penlight into the eye (retroillumination). With nuclear sclerosis, a reflection from the tapetum will be seen, while a localized cataract may block reflection and appear as a shadow in the lens.
There is no treatment for this condition currently.
References
External links
Images
Dog diseases
Eye diseases
Medical signs
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectro-temporal%20receptive%20field
|
The spectro-temporal receptive field or spatio-temporal receptive field (STRF) of a neuron represents which types of stimuli excite or inhibit that neuron. "Spectro-temporal" refers most commonly to audition, where the neuron's response depends on frequency versus time, while "spatio-temporal" refers to vision, where the neuron's response depends on spatial location versus time. Thus they are not exactly the same concept, but both are referred to as STRF and serve a similar role in the analysis of neural responses.
If linearity is assumed, the neuron can be modeled as having a time-varying firing rate equal to the convolution of the stimulus with the STRF.
Auditory STRFs
The example STRF here is for an auditory neuron from the area CM (caudal medial) of a male zebra finch, when played conspecific birdsong. The colour of this plot shows the effect of sound on this neuron: this neuron tends to be excited by sound from about 2.5 kHz to 7 kHz heard by the animal 12 ms ago, but it is inhibited by sound in the same frequency range from about 18 ms ago.
Visual STRFs
See
Dario L. Ringach Receptive Fields in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex Spatial Structure and Symmetry of Simple-Cell (2002)
J. H. van Hateren and D. L. Ruderman Independent component analysis of natural image sequences yields spatio-temporal filters similar to simple cells in primary visual cortex (2002)
Idealized computational models for auditory receptive fields
A computational theory for early auditory rece
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%E2%80%93vector%E2%80%93tensor%20decomposition
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In cosmological perturbation theory, the scalar–vector–tensor decomposition is a decomposition of the most general linearized perturbations of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric into components according to their transformations under spatial rotations. It was first discovered by E. M. Lifshitz in 1946. It follows from Helmholtz's Theorem (see Helmholtz decomposition.) The general metric perturbation has ten degrees of freedom. The decomposition states that the evolution equations for the most general linearized perturbations of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric can be decomposed into four scalars, two divergence-free spatial vector fields (that is, with a spatial index running from 1 to 3), and a traceless, symmetric spatial tensor field with vanishing doubly and singly longitudinal components. The vector and tensor fields each have two independent components, so this decomposition encodes all ten degrees of freedom in the general metric perturbation. Using gauge invariance four of these components (two scalars and a vector field) may be set to zero.
If the perturbed metric where is the perturbation, then the decomposition is as follows,
where the Latin indices i and j run over spatial components (1,…,3). The tensor field is traceless under the spatial part of the background metric (i.e. ). The spatial vector and tensor undergo further decomposition. The vector is written
where and ( is the covariant derivative defined with respect to th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20q
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The max q, or maximum dynamic pressure, condition is the point when an aerospace vehicle's atmospheric flight reaches the maximum difference between the fluid dynamics total pressure and the ambient static pressure. For an airplane, this occurs at the maximum speed at minimum altitude corner of the flight envelope. For a space vehicle launch, this occurs at the crossover point between dynamic pressure increasing with speed and static pressure decreasing with increasing altitude. This is an important design factor of aerospace vehicles, since the aerodynamic structural load on the vehicle is proportional to dynamic pressure.
Dynamic pressure
Dynamic pressure q is defined in incompressible fluid dynamics as
where ρ is the local air density, and v is the vehicle's velocity. The dynamic pressure can be thought of as the kinetic energy density of the air with respect to the vehicle, and for incompressible flow equals the difference between total pressure and static pressure.
This quantity appears notably in the lift and drag equations.
For a car traveling at at sea level (where the air density is about ,) the dynamic pressure on the front of the car is , about 0.38% of the static pressure ( at sea level).
For an airliner cruising at at an altitude of (where the air density is about ), the dynamic pressure on the front of the plane is , about 41% of the static pressure ().
In rocket launches
For a launch of a space vehicle from the ground, dynamic pressure is:
zero at lif
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zharchikhite
|
Zharchikhite is a halide mineral, a hydroxyl fluoride of aluminium; formula AlF(OH)2. It forms colourless, transparent crystals. Discovered in 1968, it is named after its original locality, the Zharchinskoya Deposit, which is in Buryatia, Russia.
References
Webmineral - Zharchikhite
Aluminium minerals
Fluorine minerals
Monoclinic minerals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidental%20release%20source%20terms
|
Accidental release source terms are the mathematical equations that quantify the flow rate at which accidental releases of liquid or gaseous pollutants into the ambient environment which can occur at industrial facilities such as petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing plants, oil and gas transportation pipelines, chemical plants, and many other industrial activities. Governmental regulations in many countries require that the probability of such accidental releases be analyzed and their quantitative impact upon the environment and human health be determined so that mitigating steps can be planned and implemented.
There are a number of mathematical calculation methods for determining the flow rate at which gaseous and liquid pollutants might be released from various types of accidents. Such calculational methods are referred to as source terms, and this article on accidental release source terms explains some of the calculation methods used for determining the mass flow rate at which gaseous pollutants may be accidentally released.
Accidental release of pressurized gas
When gas stored under pressure in a closed vessel is discharged to the atmosphere through a hole or other opening, the gas velocity through that opening may be choked (i.e., it has attained a maximum) or it may be non-choked.
Choked velocity, also referred to as sonic velocity, occurs when the ratio of the absolute source pressure to the absolute downstream pressure is equal to o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After%20Innocence
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After Innocence is a 2005 American documentary film about men who were exonerated from death row by DNA evidence. Directed by Jessica Sanders, the film won the Special Jury Prize at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival.
The featured exonerees are Dennis Maher; Calvin Willis; Scott Hornoff; Wilton Dedge; Vincent Moto; Nick Yarris; Ronald Cotton; and Herman Atkins. Also featured are Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld of the Innocence Project and Lola Vollen of the Life After Exoneration Program.
Awards
Sundance Film Festival—Special Jury Prize; Grand Jury Prize (nominated)
Seattle International Film Festival—Women in Cinema Lena Sharpe Award
Newport Beach Film Festival—Special Jury Prize
Independent Film Festival of Boston—Audience Award
Full Frame Documentary Film Festival—Content + Intent = Change Award
Nantucket Film Festival—Best Storytelling In A Documentary
See also
List of wrongful convictions in the United States
Innocence Project
List of miscarriage of justice cases
Race in the United States criminal justice system
Capital punishment in the United States
Innocent prisoner's dilemma
Miscarriage of justice
False confession
Overturned convictions in the United States
Capital punishment debate in the United States
List of exonerated death row inmates
References
External links
Homepage
After Innocence at Working Films
"For the Wrongly Convicted, New Trials Once the Cell Opens", The New York Times, January 25, 2005. (PDF link)
2005 films
American documentary films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perrone%20Robotics
|
Perrone Robotics is a robotics software company based out of Charlottesville, Virginia and formed in 2001. The company formed Team Jefferson as a low budget side project in 2004 to build an autonomous robotic dune buggy for participation in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge. The company was at the 2006 JavaOne conference with their robotic dune buggy 'Tommy' and received a Duke Award in the emerging technology category for Tommy & MAX.
The company has reformed Team Jefferson to participate in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge with partners such as Fair-Isaac Corporation, Sun Microsystems, and the University of Virginia.
The CEO spoke at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2007 in Las Vegas describing the emerging consumer robotics market and how to 'roboticize' consumer products .
References
External links
www.perronerobotics.com
Robotics companies of the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%BCppel%20associated%20box
|
The Krüppel associated box (KRAB) domain is a category of transcriptional repression domains present in approximately 400 human zinc finger protein-based transcription factors (KRAB zinc finger proteins). The KRAB domain typically consists of about 75 amino acid residues, while the minimal repression module is approximately 45 amino acid residues. It is predicted to function through protein-protein interactions via two amphipathic helices. The most prominent interacting protein is called TRIM28 initially visualized as SMP1, cloned as KAP1 and TIF1-beta. Substitutions for the conserved residues abolish repression.
Over 10 independently encoded KRAB domains have been shown to be effective repressors of transcription, suggesting this activity to be a common property of the domain. KRAB domains can be fused with dCas9 CRISPR tools to form even stronger repressors.
Evolution
The KRAB domain had initially been identified in 1988 as a periodic array of leucine residues separated by six amino acids 5’ to the zinc finger region of KOX1/ZNF10 coined heptad repeat of leucines (also known as a leucine zipper). Later, this domain was named in association with the C2H2-Zinc finger proteins Krüppel associated box (KRAB). The KRAB domain is confined to genomes from tetrapod organisms. The KRAB containing C2H2-ZNF genes constitute the largest sub-family of zinc finger genes. More than half of the C2H2-ZNF genes are associated with a KRAB domain in the human genome. They are more prone to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porome%20language
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Porome, also known as Kibiri, is a Papuan language of southern Papua New Guinea.
Classification
Porome was classified as a language isolate by Stephen Wurm. Although Malcolm Ross linked it to the Kiwaian languages, there is no evidence for a connection apart from the pronouns 1sg amo and 2sg do (cf. proto-Kiwaian *mo and *oro).
Distribution
There are over a thousand speakers in Babaguina (), Doibo (), Ero (), Paile, Tipeowo, and Wowa () villages in West Kikori Rural LLG and East Kikori Rural LLG of Gulf Province, near the Aird Hills and Kikori River tributaries.
Phonology
Porome has 9 native consonants. /s/ occurs in loanwords. There are no glottal consonants.
{| class="wikitable"
| p || t || k~g~ɣ
|-
| b || d ||
|-
| v || ||
|-
| m || n ||
|-
| || r ||
|-
| || (s) ||
|}
There are five vowels, which are /a, e, i, o, u/.
Like the surrounding languages, Porome is a tonal language. It has 5 tones.
High-level: kóí ‘cloth’
Low-level: kòì ‘selfish’
Rising: mèrí ‘road’
Falling: mérì ‘pandanus’
Peaking: pàkúmì ‘feather’
Pronouns
The independent pronouns and subject suffixes to the verb are as follows:
{|
! !!sg!!du!!pl
|-
!1
|amo, -me||amó-kai||amó, -ke/-ki
|-
!2
|do, -ke||aia-kai||a, -ka
|-
!3
|da, -a/-bV||abo-kai||abo, -abo
|}
Vocabulary
Selected Porome vocabulary from Petterson (2010):
Body parts
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Porome !! Gloss
|-
| kikimi || head
|-
| kikimikuro || hair
|-
| pakai || forehead
|-
| ipiri kukuro || eyebrow, eyelashes
|-
| ipiri ||
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20boubou
|
The black boubou (Laniarius nigerrimus), also known as Somali boubou, Erlanger's boubou or coastal boubou, is a medium-size bushshrike. It was split from the tropical boubou as a result of DNA sequence analysis, and this change in status was recognized by the International Ornithological Committee in 2008. Two colour morphs are recognized, a predominantly black one, the black boubou, and an extremely rare black and yellow morph which was formerly considered a separate species, the Bulo Burti boubou (Laniarius liberatus). The black boubou is found in Somalia and northern Kenya.
Description
The adult has glossy blue-black except for white spots on the rump, visible when the wings are spread and the rump feathers are erected. The underparts are white with a buffy or pinkish tinge on the breast and flanks. The bill is black; the eyes are dark reddish brown. The wings have white median coverts. The juvenile is similar but duller, with a greyish-brown bill, the upperparts mottled by yellowish-ochre to tawny feather tips, and dusky-barred flanks. The Somali boubou differs from tropical boubou in that it is smaller and has less white in the wing.
Bulo Burti boubou
The "Bulo Burti boubou", formerly recognized as a distinct species, Laniarius liberatus, was only known from one individual trapped in 1988 in central Somalia, 140 km inland in Hiiraan (region) near Buuloburde (Buulobarde, Bulo Burti) on the Shebelle River, and was described using blood and feather samples to provide a D
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backjumping
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In backtracking algorithms, backjumping is a technique that reduces search space, therefore increasing efficiency. While backtracking always goes up one level in the search tree when all values for a variable have been tested, backjumping may go up more levels. In this article, a fixed order of evaluation of variables is used, but the same considerations apply to a dynamic order of evaluation.
Definition
Whenever backtracking has tried all values for a variable without finding any solution, it reconsiders the last of the previously assigned variables, changing its value or further backtracking if no other values are to be tried. If is the current partial assignment and all values for have been tried without finding a solution, backtracking concludes that no solution extending
exists. The algorithm then "goes up" to , changing 's value if possible, backtracking again otherwise.
The partial assignment is not always necessary in full to prove that no value of leads to a solution. In particular, a prefix of the partial assignment may have the same property, that is, there exists an index such that cannot be extended to form a solution with whatever value for . If the algorithm can prove this fact, it can directly consider a different value for instead of reconsidering as it would normally do.
The efficiency of a backjumping algorithm depends on how high it is able to backjump. Ideally, the algorithm could jump from to whichever variable is such that the current as
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20West
|
Robert Gene "Red" West (March 8, 1936 – July 18, 2017) was an American actor, film stuntman and songwriter. He was known for being a close confidant and bodyguard for rock and roll singer Elvis Presley. Upon his firing, West co-wrote the controversial Elvis: What Happened?, in which he exposed the singer's dangerous drug dependence in an attempt to save him; the book was published just two weeks before Presley's August 1977 drug-related death.
West was probably best known to American film audiences for his role as Red in Road House, alongside Patrick Swayze. West appeared to critical acclaim in the 2008 independent film Goodbye Solo as William.
Early life
West was born in Memphis, Tennessee, to Lois and Newton Thomas West. West was the cousin of actor 'Sonny' West. While attending high school in Tennessee, West and Sonny met Elvis Presley.
An excellent athlete and U.S. Marine, West played football for his high school and junior college at Jones County Junior College teams and was a boxer in the Golden Gloves championships.
In 1961, West married his wife Pat Boyd. Together, they had two children.
West and Presley
Songwriting career
West collaborated with Elvis Presley on two songs in 1961 and 1962, which Elvis got a token credit on, "That's Someone You Never Forget" and "You'll Be Gone".
"That's Someone You Never Forget" is the final track on the 1962 album Pot Luck. The song was released as a 45-rpm B-side single in 1967 and features on the Artist of the Century compil
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine%20encephalopathy
|
Glycine encephalopathy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism. After phenylketonuria, glycine encephalopathy is the second most common disorder of amino acid metabolism. The disease is caused by defects in the glycine cleavage system, an enzyme responsible for glycine catabolism. There are several forms of the disease, with varying severity of symptoms and time of onset. The symptoms are exclusively neurological in nature, and clinically this disorder is characterized by abnormally high levels of the amino acid glycine in bodily fluids and tissues, especially the cerebrospinal fluid.
Glycine encephalopathy is sometimes referred to as "nonketotic hyperglycinemia" (NKH), as a reference to the biochemical findings seen in patients with the disorder, and to distinguish it from the disorders that cause "ketotic hyperglycinemia" (seen in propionic acidemia and several other inherited metabolic disorders). To avoid confusion, the term "glycine encephalopathy" is often used, as this term more accurately describes the clinical symptoms of the disorder.
Signs and symptoms
It typically presents as a severe encephalopathy with myoclonic seizures, is rapidly progressive and eventually results in respiratory arrest. Standard evaluation for inborn errors of metabolism and other causes of this presentation does not reveal any abnormality (no acidosis, no hypoglycaemia, or hyperammonaemia and no other organ affected). Pronounced and sustained hiccups in an encephalopa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinodorus%20macrophyllus
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Echinodorus macrophyllus is a species of aquatic plants in the Alismataceae. It is native to Brazil and Bolivia.
Description
Petioles 2 - 3 x longer than the blade, membraneously alate on the base, thin to densely pilose under the blade. Pubescence simple or stellate and absent on young or submerged plants. Blade membraneous, sagittato-cordate or triangularly obovate with long blunt lobes, approximately as wide as the midrib length and widest at the base. Blade (6.5) - 20 – 30 cm long and (7_ - 20 – 30 cm wide with 11 - 13 veins (7 - 15 are possible). No pellucid markings.
Stem upright, about twice as long as the leaves, cylindrical, between the whorls triangular, pubescent under whorls as well as petioles.
Inflorescence rarely racemose, usually paniculate having 6 - 13 whorls containing 6 - 9 flowers each. Bracts lanceolate, densely ribbed. Bracts in the first whorl as long as the pedicels, in the other whorls they are a third shorter. Pedicels 1 - 3.5 cm long, sepals broadly ovate, leather-like, densely ribbed, 5 – 6 mm long, petals white, obovate, 15 – 18 mm long, stamens 20 - 24, filaments longer than the anthers, pistils numerous, style longer than the ovary.
Aggregate fruit globular, echinate, 6 – 8 mm in diameter. Achenes flat, subovately-cuneate, 3 x 1.5 mm with 3 - 5 (usually 3) lateral ribs and 2 - 3 oblong and further 3 - 5 small round glands. Stylar beak usually straight, approximately 0.75 mm.
Cultivation
Grow at tropical temperatures with plenty of light
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toys%20in%20the%20Attic%20%281963%20film%29
|
Toys in the Attic is a 1963 American drama film directed by George Roy Hill and starring Dean Martin, Geraldine Page, Yvette Mimieux, Gene Tierney and Wendy Hiller. The film is based on a Tony Award-winning play of the same name by Lillian Hellman. The screenplay adaptation is by James Poe, and the original music score was composed by George Duning.
Plot
Julian Berniers returns from Illinois with his young bride Lily Prine to his family in New Orleans. His spinster sisters, Carrie and Anna, welcome the couple, who arrive with expensive gifts. Julian tells them that, though his factory went out of business, he did manage to save money. Although the sisters are skeptical, there is much talk of a long-hoped-for trip to Europe for the two sisters. In fact, Julian has money from a real estate deal that he pulled off with the help of Charlotte Warkins, a former lover, who is now in an abusive marriage.
Carrie is obsessed with her brother. Her jealousy, deriving from her sublimated incestuous desires for her brother, is aimed at Lily. Carrie tricks Lily into informing Charlotte's husband of a rendezvous between Charlotte and Julian, at which Julian was to give Charlotte her half of the money, and Charlotte then was going to leave her husband and flee town. Charlotte's husband sends thugs who beat up Julian, maim Charlotte, and take both halves of the money.
Julian discovers that Carrie manipulated Lily into making the phone call to Charlotte's husband by convincing Lily that Jul
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFSL
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CFSL is a Canadian radio station licensed to Weyburn, Saskatchewan. Owned by Golden West Broadcasting, it broadcasts a country format on the assigned frequency of 1190 kHz, and serves the southeast portion of the province. The station shares studios with CKRC-FM and CHWY-FM at 305 Souris Avenue in downtown Weyburn.
History
CFSL signed on in 1957 under the ownership of Soo Line Broadcasting Ltd., serving both Weyburn and Estevan (until the launch of its sister station CJSL in Estevan in 1961). Starting on 1340 kHz, it moved to its current frequency at 1190 kHz around 1991.
Soo Line Broadcasting, and both CJSL and CFSL would be acquired by Golden West Broadcasting in 1995. In 2006, CFSL would gain a sister FM station, CKRC-FM.
Programming
CFSL currently broadcasts a full service country format. CFSL also carries Toronto Blue Jays baseball games.
References
External links
Fsl
Fsl
Fsl
Weyburn
Radio stations established in 1957
1957 establishments in Saskatchewan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform%20binary%20search
|
Uniform binary search is an optimization of the classic binary search algorithm invented by Donald Knuth and given in Knuth's The Art of Computer Programming. It uses a lookup table to update a single array index, rather than taking the midpoint of an upper and a lower bound on each iteration; therefore, it is optimized for architectures (such as Knuth's MIX) on which
a table lookup is generally faster than an addition and a shift, and
many searches will be performed on the same array, or on several arrays of the same length
C implementation
The uniform binary search algorithm looks like this, when implemented in C.
#define LOG_N 4
static int delta[LOG_N];
void make_delta(int N)
{
int power = 1;
int i = 0;
do {
int half = power;
power <<= 1;
delta[i] = (N + half) / power;
} while (delta[i++] != 0);
}
int unisearch(int *a, int key)
{
int i = delta[0] - 1; /* midpoint of array */
int d = 0;
while (1) {
if (key == a[i]) {
return i;
} else if (delta[d] == 0) {
return -1;
} else {
if (key < a[i]) {
i -= delta[++d];
} else {
i += delta[++d];
}
}
}
}
/* Example of use: */
#define N 10
int main(void)
{
int a[N] = {1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17, 19};
make_delta(N);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i)
printf("%d is at index %d\n", i, unisearch(a, i));
return 0;
}
References
Knut
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20X%20%28mtDNA%29
|
Haplogroup X is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is found in North America, Europe, Western Asia, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.
Haplogroup X diverged from haplogroup N, roughly 30,000 years ago (just prior to or during the Last Glacial Maximum). It is in turn ancestral to subclades X2 and X1, which arose 16-21 thousand and 14-24 thousand years ago, respectively.
Distribution
Haplogroup X is found in approximately 2% of native Europeans, and 13% of all native North Americans. Additionally, the Haplogroup is present in around 3% of Assyrians, with high concentrations in Erzurum, Armenia as well. Notably, the haplogroup is especially common, at 14.3%, among the natives of Bahariya Oasis (Western Desert, Egypt. The X1 subclade is much less frequent, and is largely restricted to North Africa, the Horn of Africa and the Near East.
Subclade X2 appears to have undergone extensive population expansion and dispersal around or soon after the Last Glacial Maximum, roughly 20,000 years ago. It is more strongly represented in the Near East, the Caucasus, and southern Europe, and somewhat less strongly present in the rest of Europe. The highest concentrations are found in the Ojibwe (25%), Sioux (15%), Nuu-Chah-Nulth (12%), Georgia (8%), Orkney (7%), and amongst the Druze Assyrian community in Israel (27%). Subclades of X2 are not present in South Americans Amerindian populations. The oldest known human associated with X2 is Kennewick Man, whose 9000-year old re
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulfric
|
Wulfric or Wolfric is an Old English masculine given name, composed of wulf "wolf" and the suffix -ric "realm, power". In some English language contexts, Ulric is a derivative of Wulfric (although Ulric may also be a variant of Ulrich). Wulfric is a cognate of the Norse name Rikiwulf.
People
Wulfric Spot (died ), Earl of Mercia and Chief Councillor of State to King Ethelred
Wulfric of Haselbury ( - 1154), hermit and miracle worker
Fictional characters
The chief protagonist in Wulfric the Weapon Thane by Charles W. Whistler
The middle name of Albus Dumbledore, a main character in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series
Wulfric Bedwyn, Duke of Bewcastle, in Mary Balogh's Slightly series
Wulfric, one of the main characters in Outlander (film)
Wulfric, a main character in World Without End (Follett novel) by Ken Follett
Wulfric, the eighth and last Gym Leader to be challenged in Pokémon X and Y
Wulfric the Wild, a common-born ally of the King Alfred the Great, primary protagonist in Gary Whitta's novel Abomination
Wulfric, a rare blade awakened from the Beastly Core Crystal in Xenoblade Chronicles 2.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Paris%E2%80%93Tours
|
These are the results for the 2005 edition of the Paris–Tours cycling classic. Erik Zabel equalised the three-wins record of riders such as Guido Reybrouck.
Final classification
09-10-2005: St. Arnould en Yvelines–Tours, 254 km.
External links
Race website
2005 in French sport
2005 UCI ProTour
2005
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocortin
|
The melanocortins are a family of neuropeptide hormones which are the ligands of the melanocortin receptors The melanocortin system consists of melanocortin receptors, ligands, and accessory proteins. The genes of the melanocortin system are found in chordates. Melanocortins were originally named so because their earliest known function was in melanogenesis. It is now known that the melanocortin system regulates diverse functions throughout the body, including inflammatory response, fibrosis, melanogenesis, steroidogenesis, energy homeostasis, sexual function, and exocrine gland function.
There are four endogenous melanocortin agonists which are derived from post-transcriptional processing of the precursor molecule proopiomelanocortin (POMC) (Figure 1). They are Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), b-MSH, and g-MSH. In addition to agonists which activate melanocortin receptors , there are two antagonists which inhibit receptor activity, Agouti and Agouti-related protein (Agrp). Lastly, the ligand β-defensin 3 acts as a neutral melanocortin receptor antagonist.
Receptors
The 5 melanocortin receptors are seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors with differing ligand affinities, tissue and cell type expression, and downstream functions (Figure 2). MC1R is expressed on melanocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes and numerous other immune cells, but is also present in brain, testis, and int
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percutaneous%20tibial%20nerve%20stimulation
|
Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS), also referred to as posterior tibial nerve stimulation, is the least invasive form of neuromodulation used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) and the associated symptoms of urinary urgency, urinary frequency and urge incontinence. These urinary symptoms may also occur with interstitial cystitis and following a radical prostatectomy. Outside the United States, PTNS is also used to treat fecal incontinence.
PTNS can be used as a primary therapy. Treatment for overactive bladder and fecal incontinence may begin with pharmacological therapies before PTNS is administered. Unlike the variety of OAB drugs available PTNS is more effective and produces far fewer side-effects. Nearly 80% of patients discontinue use (mean of 4.8 months) of drugs within the first year with as high as 17% of discontinuation being due to adverse side-effects. Neuromodulation is emerging as an effective modality to treat patients who are not successful with conservative methods and its demonstrated efficacy has been the topic of multiple publications.
Medical uses
Urinary incontinence
PTNS appears to be effective at improving the number of times a person who has overactive bladder syndrome needs to urinate, although the mechanism for this is unclear. It appears to work as well as medication, but with fewer side effects.
Fecal incontinence
A meta-review that considered mostly low quality studies found tentative evidence of a benefit for PTNS in fecal incontin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20expression%20profiling
|
In the field of molecular biology, gene expression profiling is the measurement of the activity (the expression) of thousands of genes at once, to create a global picture of cellular function. These profiles can, for example, distinguish between cells that are actively dividing, or show how the cells react to a particular treatment. Many experiments of this sort measure an entire genome simultaneously, that is, every gene present in a particular cell.
Several transcriptomics technologies can be used to generate the necessary data to analyse. DNA microarrays measure the relative activity of previously identified target genes. Sequence based techniques, like RNA-Seq, provide information on the sequences of genes in addition to their expression level.
Background
Expression profiling is a logical next step after sequencing a genome: the sequence tells us what the cell could possibly do, while the expression profile tells us what it is actually doing at a point in time. Genes contain the instructions for making messenger RNA (mRNA), but at any moment each cell makes mRNA from only a fraction of the genes it carries. If a gene is used to produce mRNA, it is considered "on", otherwise "off". Many factors determine whether a gene is on or off, such as the time of day, whether or not the cell is actively dividing, its local environment, and chemical signals from other cells. For instance, skin cells, liver cells and nerve cells turn on (express) somewhat different genes and that
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20eukaryogenesis
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Viral eukaryogenesis is the hypothesis that the cell nucleus of eukaryotic life forms evolved from a large DNA virus in a form of endosymbiosis within a methanogenic archaeon or a bacterium. The virus later evolved into the eukaryotic nucleus by acquiring genes from the host genome and eventually usurping its role. The hypothesis was first proposed by Philip Bell in 2001 and was further popularized with the discovery of large, complex DNA viruses (such as Mimivirus) that are capable of protein biosynthesis.
Viral eukaryogenesis has been controversial for several reasons. For one, it is sometimes argued that the posited evidence for the viral origins of the nucleus can be conversely used to suggest the nuclear origins of some viruses. Secondly, this hypothesis has further inflamed the longstanding debate over whether viruses are living organisms.
Hypothesis
The viral eukaryogenesis hypothesis posits that eukaryotes are composed of three ancestral elements: a viral component that became the modern nucleus; a prokaryotic cell (an archaeon according to the eocyte hypothesis) which donated the cytoplasm and cell membrane of modern cells; and another prokaryotic cell (here bacterium) that, by endocytosis, became the modern mitochondrion or chloroplast.
In 2006, researchers suggested that the transition from RNA to DNA genomes first occurred in the viral world. A DNA-based virus may have provided storage for an ancient host that had previously used RNA to store its genetic info
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-phase-matching
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Quasi-phase-matching is a technique in nonlinear optics which allows a positive net flow of energy from the pump frequency to the signal and idler frequencies by creating a periodic structure in the nonlinear medium. Momentum is conserved, as is necessary for phase-matching, through an additional momentum contribution corresponding to the wavevector of the periodic structure. Consequently, in principle any three-wave mixing process that satisfies energy conservation can be phase-matched. For example, all the optical frequencies involved can be collinear, can have the same polarization, and travel through the medium in arbitrary directions. This allows one to use the largest nonlinear coefficient of the material in the nonlinear interaction.
Quasi-phase-matching ensures that there is positive energy flow from the pump frequency to signal and idler frequencies even though all the frequencies involved are not phase locked with each other. Energy will always flow from pump to signal as long as the phase between the two optical waves is less than 180 degrees. Beyond 180 degrees, energy flows back from the signal to the pump frequencies. The coherence length is the length of the medium in which the phase of pump and the sum of idler and signal frequencies are 180 degrees from each other. At each coherence length the crystal axes are flipped which allows the energy to continue to positively flow from the pump to the signal and idler frequencies.
The most commonly used techniqu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20in%20Richmond%2C%20Virginia
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According to Nielsen Media statistics for 2015–2016, the Richmond, Virginia market area is the 56th largest Designated Market Area in the United States, with 549,730 TV households. Richmond is served by a variety of communication media:
Print media
Daily
The local daily newspaper in Richmond is the Richmond Times-Dispatch.
Weekly
Style Weekly (alternative weekly)
Chesterfield Observer
Monthly / bi-monthly / quarterly
NORTH of the JAMES Magazine (monthly)
Boomer Magazine (bi-monthly)
Chesterfield Living, West Ends Best, Hanover Lifestyle (bi-monthly)
Greater Richmond Grid Magazine (bi-monthly)
OurHealth Richmond Magazine (bi-monthly)
Richmond Magazine (monthly)
RVA Magazine (quarterly)
Virginia Business (monthly)
Whurk (monthly)
News and newsmagazines
The Richmond Free Press and the Richmond Voice are weekly newspapers that cover the news from a predominantly African American perspective. The only Hispanic magazine in the state, La Voz Hispana de Virginia provides significant cultural and news content in both English and Spanish. There are also two major publications from the Jewish community of Richmond, published in English; The Reflector is the semi-weekly newspaper of the Jewish Federation of Richmond and Virginia Jewish Life (formerly Virginia Jewish News) is an independent monthly magazine published by the Chabad community of Richmond, but highlighting stories of general Jewish interest in Virginia. City Edition was a civic-minded newspaper that listed muni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukari%20Fukui
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is a Japanese actress, voice actress and gravure idol known by the nickname in Japan.
Filmography
Anime
7 of Seven as Nanarin
Dragonaut -The Resonance- as Saki Kurata
Gundam Reconguista in G as Raraiya Monday
Highschool of the Dead as Shizuka Marikawa
Kare Kano as Rika Sena
Kenkō Zenrakei Suieibu Umishō as Mirei Shizuoka
Kill la Kill as Sukuyo Mankanshoku
Mouse as Yayoi Kuribayashi
Macademi Wasshoi! as Falce The Variable Wand
Mushishi as Fuki
Petite Princess Yucie as Cocoloo
Re: Hamatora as Mio (Episode 1)
School Rumble as Sarah Adiemus
Strawberry Panic as Kagome Byakudan
Saint October as Natsuki Shirafuji
Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann as Nia Teppelin
Umi Monogatari: Anata ga Ite Kureta Koto as Warin
OVA
FLCL as Junko Miyaji
School Rumble OVA as Sarah Adiemus
Top o Nerae 2! as Nono
Air Gear as Kururu Sumeragi
Video games
Baldr Force EXE as Segawa Minori
Dissidia: Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
Dissidia Final Fantasy NT as Tina Branford
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia as Tina Branford, Oerba Dia Vanille
Final Fantasy Explorers as Tina Branford
Final Fantasy XIII as Oerba Dia Vanille
Final Fantasy XIII-2 as Oerba Dia Vanille
Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII as Oerba Dia Vanille
God Eater (and its extended versions God Eater Burst and God Eater Resurrection) as Shio
Luminous Arc 2: Will as Rina
Rune Factory 3 as Sia
True Tears as Gion Inoue
Tartaros Online as Nagi
Toukiden 2 as Benizuki
World of Final Fantasy as Tina Branfor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine%20discoid%20lupus%20erythematosus
|
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is an uncommon autoimmune disease of the basal cell layer of the skin. It occurs in humans and cats, more frequently occurring in dogs. It was first described in dogs by Griffin and colleagues in 1979. DLE is one form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). DLE occurs in dogs in two forms: a classical facial predominant form or generalized with other areas of the body affected. Other non-discoid variants of CLE include vesicular CLE, exfoliative CLE and mucocutaneous CLE. It does not progress to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in dogs. SLE can also have skin symptoms, but it appears that the two are either separate diseases. DLE in dogs differs from SLE in humans in that plasma cells predominate histologically instead of T lymphocytes. Because worsening of symptoms occurs with increased ultraviolet light exposure, sun exposure most likely plays a role in DLE, although certain breeds (see below) are predisposed. After pemphigus foliaceus, DLE is the second most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs.
Symptoms
The most common initial symptom is scaling and loss of pigment on the nose. The surface of the nose becomes smooth gray, and ulcerated, instead of the normal black cobblestone texture. Over time the lips, the skin around the eyes, the ears, and the genitals may become involved. Lesions may progress to ulceration and lead to tissue destruction. DLE is often worse in summer due to increased sun exposure.
Diagnosis
DLE is easily
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medazepam
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Medazepam is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is known by the following brand names: Azepamid, Nobrium, Tranquirax (mixed with bevonium), Rudotel, Raporan, Ansilan and Mezapam. Medazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine drug. The half-life of medazepam is 36–200 hours.
Pharmacology
Medazepam acts as a prodrug to diazepam, as well as nordazepam, temazepam and oxazepam.
Benzodiazepine drugs including medazepam increase the inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex by allosteric modulation of the GABA receptor. Benzodiazepines may also act via micromolar benzodiazepine-binding sites as Ca2+ channel blockers and significantly inhibited depolarization-sensitive calcium uptake in experiments with cell components from rat brains. This has been conjectured as a mechanism for high dose effects against seizures in a study. It has major active benzodiazepine metabolites, which gives it a more prolonged therapeutic effect after administration.
See also
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepine dependence
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Long-term effects of benzodiazepines
References
External links
Inchem - Medazepam
Benzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIO
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HIO may refer to:
Hillsboro Airport, in Washington County, Oregon, United States
Hypoiodous acid, an oxidising agent
Hybrid input-output algorithm, in coherent diffraction imaging
Oslo University College, the largest state university college in Norway
Østfold University College, a further and higher education institution in south-eastern Norway
Tsoa language, spoken in Botswana and Zimbabwe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSin3%20interaction%20domain
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The mSin3 interaction domain (SID) is an interaction domain which is present on several transcriptional repressor proteins including TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) and Mad. It interacts with the paired amphipathic alpha-helix 2 (PAH2) domain of mSin3, a transcriptional repressor domain that is attached to transcription repressor proteins such as the mSin3A corepressor.
Action of histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2) is induced by the interaction of mSin3A with a multi-protein complex containing HDAC1/2. Transcription is also repressed by histone deacetylase-independent means.
External links
A 13-Amino Acid Amphipathic α-Helix Is Required for the Functional Interaction between the Transcriptional Repressor Mad1 and mSin3A
Protein domains
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%20telluride
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Mercury telluride (HgTe) is a binary chemical compound of mercury and tellurium. It is a semi-metal related to the II-VI group of semiconductor materials. Alternative names are mercuric telluride and mercury(II) telluride.
HgTe occurs in nature as the mineral form coloradoite.
Physical properties
All properties are at standard temperature and pressure unless stated otherwise. The lattice parameter is about 0.646 nm in the cubic crystalline form. The bulk modulus is about 42.1 GPa. The thermal expansion coefficient is about 5.2×10−6/K. Static dielectric constant 20.8, dynamic dielectric constant 15.1. Thermal conductivity is low at 2.7 W·m2/(m·K). HgTe bonds are weak leading to low hardness values. Hardness 2.7×107 kg/m2.
Doping
N-type doping can be achieved with elements such as boron, aluminium, gallium, or indium. Iodine and iron will also dope n-type. HgTe is naturally p-type due to mercury vacancies. P-type doping is also achieved by introducing zinc, copper, silver, or gold.
Topological insulation
Mercury telluride was the first topological insulator discovered, in 2007. Topological insulators cannot support an electric current in the bulk, but electronic states confined to the surface can serve as charge carriers.
Chemistry
HgTe bonds are weak. Their enthalpy of formation, around −32kJ/mol, is less than a third of the value for the related compound cadmium telluride. HgTe is easily etched by acids, such as hydrobromic acid.
Growth
Bulk growth is from a mercury
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppenheimer%20Diamond
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The Oppenheimer Diamond, a nearly perfectly formed yellow diamond crystal, is one of the largest uncut diamonds in the world, and measures approximately . It was discovered in the Dutoitspan Mine, Kimberley, South Africa, in 1964. Harry Winston acquired the stone and presented it to the Smithsonian Institution in memory of Sir Ernest Oppenheimer.
See also
List of diamonds
References
External links
Oppenheimer Diamond at the Smithsonian, with better closeup photos
Another view
Third closeup
Oppenheimer family
Jewelry in the Smithsonian Institution
Diamonds originating in South Africa
1964 in South Africa
Yellow diamonds
Individual diamonds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-score
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In statistical analysis of binary classification, the F-score or F-measure is a measure of a test's accuracy. It is calculated from the precision and recall of the test, where the precision is the number of true positive results divided by the number of all positive results, including those not identified correctly, and the recall is the number of true positive results divided by the number of all samples that should have been identified as positive. Precision is also known as positive predictive value, and recall is also known as sensitivity in diagnostic binary classification.
The F1 score is the harmonic mean of the precision and recall. It thus symmetrically represents both precision and recall in one metric. The more generic score applies additional weights, valuing one of precision or recall more than the other.
The highest possible value of an F-score is 1.0, indicating perfect precision and recall, and the lowest possible value is 0, if either precision or recall are zero.
Etymology
The name F-measure is believed to be named after a different F function in Van Rijsbergen's book, when introduced to the Fourth Message Understanding Conference (MUC-4, 1992).
Definition
The traditional F-measure or balanced F-score (F1 score) is the harmonic mean of precision and recall:
.
Fβ score
A more general F score, , that uses a positive real factor , where is chosen such that recall is considered times as important as precision, is:
.
In terms of Type I and type II
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent%20classification
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A patent classification is a system for examiners of patent offices or other people to categorize (code) documents, such as published patent applications, according to the technical features of their content. Patent classifications make it feasible to search quickly for documents about earlier disclosures similar to or related to the invention for which a patent is applied for, and to track technological trends in patent applications.
Searches based on patent classifications can identify documents of different languages by using the codes (classes) of the system, rather than words. Patent classification systems were originally developed for sorting paper documents, but are nowadays used for searching patent databases.
The International Patent Classification (IPC) is agreed internationally. The United States Patent Classification (USPC) is fixed by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The Derwent classification system is fixed by an enterprise. The German Patent Classification (DPK) was fixed by the German Patent Office (Deutsches Patentamt).
In October 2010, the European Patent Office (EPO) and USPTO launched a joint project to create the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) in order to harmonise the patent classifications systems between the two offices. CPC from 2013 replaces the European Classification (ECLA), which was based on the IPC but adapted by the EPO.
See also
European Convention on the International Classification of Patents for Inventi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Larson
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Paul Larson (Per-Åke Larson) is a computer scientist. He is most famous for inventing the linear hashing algorithm with Witold Litwin. Paul Larson is currently a senior researcher in the Database Group of Microsoft Research. He is frequent chair and committee member of conferences such as VLDB, SIGMOD, and ICDE.
In 2005 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
References
Larson PA. "Dynamic Hash Tables." Communications of the ACM. April 1988, 31(4):446-57 pdf.
External links
Paul Larson MSR Page
UW MSR Summer Institute 2010
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Microsoft employees
American computer scientists
Database researchers
Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharizdun
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In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, Tharizdun () is the god of Eternal Darkness, Decay, Entropy, Malign Knowledge, Insanity, and Cold. He originated in the World of Greyhawk campaign setting but has since also appeared in other settings.
He was imprisoned ages ago by a coalition of deities to prevent the destruction of existence itself. Although imprisoned, Tharizdun still has a degree of his original multiverse-threatening power. His holy symbols are a dark spiral rune and a two-tiered inverted ziggurat known as an obex. His holy number is 333.
Publication history
Created by Gary Gygax based on Robert J. Kuntz's dark god "Tharzduun", Tharizdun first appeared in the module Forgotten Temple of Tharizdun. He would later appear in Gygax's series of Gord novels. Writer Michal Tresca speculated that Tharizdun might have been inspired by Clark Ashton Smith's Demon Lord and ruler of the Seven Hells, Thasaidon, who appeared first in The Tomb-Spawn, Weird Tales, Vol. 23, No. 5, May 1934.
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988)
Tharizdun's existence was first revealed in the module The Forgotten Temple of Tharizdun (1982), by Gary Gygax. Tharizdun was subsequently detailed in the World of Greyhawk Fantasy Game Setting (1983).
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999)
Tharizdun was one of the deities described in the From the Ashes set (1992), for the Greyhawk campaign, and appeared again in Greyhawk: The Adventure Begins (1998).
His role in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Gayle%20%28album%29
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Crystal Gayle is the debut studio album by American country music artist Crystal Gayle, although she had previously recorded material which was not released until later. It was released on February 7, 1975. The album peaked at #25 on the Billboard Country Albums chart, and included three charting Hot Country Singles: "Wrong Road Again" at #6, "Beyond You" at #27, and "This Is My Year for Mexico" at #21.
Also included is her first rendition of "When I Dream," which would become a big hit three years later on the release of her 1978 album When I Dream. The recording of "Beyond You" is the same one that reappears on 1979's We Should Be Together. The song was later covered by Ava Barber, who included a version on her 1976 album Country as Grits. It was composed by Gayle and her then husband and manager, Bill Gatzimos.
Track listing
Personnel
Crystal Gayle – vocals
Jimmy Colvard - electric and rhythm guitar
Allen Reynolds - rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Lloyd Green - steel guitar, dobro
Buddy Spicher - fiddle
Joe Allen - bass
Charles Cochrane - keyboards, string arrangements
Bobby Wood - keyboards
Jimmy Isbell, Kenny Malone - drums, percussion
Garth Fundis - baritone horn, backing vocals, engineer
Technical
Lloyd Ziff - art direction
Ria Lewerke - design
Doug Metzler - photography
References
Crystal Gayle albums
1975 debut albums
Albums produced by Allen Reynolds
United Artists Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Must%20Believe%20in%20Magic
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We Must Believe in Magic is the fourth studio album by American country music singer Crystal Gayle. Released on June 24, 1977, it became her highest selling album, reaching #2 on the Billboard Country Albums chart and #12 on the main Billboard album chart (her first album to enter the main chart and her only album to make the Top 30 there to date). It was certified platinum by the RIAA in 1978. The album also has the distinction of being the first platinum album recorded by a female artist in country music. It was also Gayle's first album to chart in the UK, where it reached #15, and was certified silver by the BPI. In the Netherlands, it stayed on the charts for two weeks and peaked at #29.
The album contains Gayle's huge international chart hit "Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue", which was not only her third #1 Country chart hit, but also reached #2 on the Billboard 100, becoming her biggest hit. Another track, "River Road", charted at #64 on the Country Singles chart when it appeared on the Favorites compilation album in 1980.
Track listing
Charts
Production
Produced by Allen Reynolds
Engineered by Garth Fundis
Personnel
Gene Chrisman, Jimmy Isbell, Kenny Malone – drums, percussion
Joe Allen, Mike Leech – bass guitar
David Kirby, Johnny Christopher, Jimmy Colvard, Reggie Young, Allen Reynolds – guitars
Lloyd Green – steel guitar
Bobby Wood, Hargus "Pig" Robbins – keyboards
Charles Cochran - keyboards, string and horn arrangements
Shane Keister – synthesizers
New Grass
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20I%20Dream
|
When I Dream is the fifth studio album by American country music singer Crystal Gayle. It was released on June 2, 1978, at the height of her career. It was her second consecutive #2 country album on the Billboard charts. Two singles from the album reached #1 on the Country Singles chart: "Talking in Your Sleep" (also a Top 20 Pop hit) and "Why Have You Left the One You Left Me For". The title song, "When I Dream", is a longer re-recorded version of a song that appeared originally on her 1975 debut album Crystal Gayle, and reached #3. A fourth single, "Heart Mender", peaked at #58. "Hello I Love You" was featured in the 1982 movie, Six Pack, starring Kenny Rogers, Erin Gray and Diane Lane.
The album achieved a gold disc the year it was released but was certified platinum by the RIAA in 1982. It was also Gayle's second album to chart in the UK, where it reached #25, and was awarded a silver disc by the BPI.
Track listing
Personnel
Crystal Gayle - vocals
Biff Watson, Billy Sanford, David Kirby, Johnny Christopher, Ray Edenton, Reggie Young, Rod Smarr, Sonny Curtis - guitar
Bob Moore, Joe Allen, Mike Leech, Richard "Spady" Brannan, Tommy Cogbill - bass
Lloyd Green - steel guitar, resonator guitar
Chris Leuzinger - slide guitar
Bobby Emmons, Bobby Wood, Charles Cochran, Dwight Scott, Hargus "Pig" Robbins, Richard Durrett - keyboards
Cindy Reynolds - harp
Gene Chrisman, Jimmy Isbell, Kenny Malone, Vic Mastrianni - drums, percussion
Production
Produced by Allen Reynolds
Recorde
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALS162%20time%20signal
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ALS162 is a French longwave time signal and standard-frequency radio station and is used for the dissemination of the Metropolitan French national legal time to the public. TéléDiffusion de France broadcast the ALS162 time signal, provided by LNE-SYRTE and LNE-LTFB time laboratories under ANFR (state body for radio frequencies) responsibility, from the Allouis longwave transmitter at 162 kHz, with a power of 800 kW.
The current time signal is generated by extremely accurate caesium atomic clocks and phase-modulated on the 162 kHz ( wavelength) carrier signal in a way that is inaudible when listening to the signal using normal Longwave receivers. The ALS162 phase-modulated time signal service requires a more complex receiver than the popular German DCF77 amplitude-modulated time signal service, but the much more powerful transmitter (16 times DCF77's 50 kW) gives it a much greater range of 3,500 km.
The signal transmission is almost continuous, but there is a regularly scheduled interruption for maintenance and tests every Tuesday morning from 08:00 to 12:00.
The transmitter building contains two caesium atomic clocks which are used to generate the time signal and which are monitored through the SYREF system and GPS common-view measurements, to align with the official French UTC(OP) time scale. The ALS162 time signal exactitude should be in excess of 1 millisecond uncertainty. The monitoring of the ALS162 signal is jointly conducted by LNE-SYRTE, LNE-LTFB and the trade body
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastatic%20calcification
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Metastatic calcification is deposition of calcium salts in otherwise normal tissue, because of elevated serum levels of calcium, which can occur because of deranged metabolism as well as increased absorption or decreased excretion of calcium and related minerals, as seen in hyperparathyroidism.
In contrast, dystrophic calcification is caused by abnormalities or degeneration of tissues resulting in mineral deposition, though blood levels of calcium remain normal. These differences in pathology also mean that metastatic calcification is often found in many tissues throughout a person or animal, whereas dystrophic calcification is localized.
Metastatic calcification can occur widely throughout the body but principally affects the interstitial tissues of the vasculature, kidneys, lungs, and gastric mucosa. For the latter three, acid secretions or rapid changes in pH levels contribute to the formation of salts.
Causes
Hypercalcemia, elevated blood calcium, has numerous causes, including
Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone due to hyperparathyroidism, leading to bone resorption and subsequent hypercalcemia by reducing phosphate concentration.
Secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein by certain tumors.
Resorption of bone due to
Primary bone marrow tumors (e.g. multiple myeloma and leukemia)
Metastasis of other tumors, breast cancer for example, to bone.
Paget disease
Immobilization
Vitamin D related disorders
Vitamin D intoxication
Williams syndrome (increas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uroporphyrinogen%20III%20decarboxylase
|
Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase (uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, or UROD) is an enzyme () that in humans is encoded by the UROD gene.
Function
Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase is a homodimeric enzyme () that catalyzes the fifth step in heme biosynthesis, which corresponds to the elimination of carboxyl groups from the four acetate side chains of uroporphyrinogen III to yield coproporphyrinogen III:
uroporphyrinogen III coproporphyrinogen III + 4 CO2
Clinical significance
Mutations and deficiency in this enzyme are known to cause familial porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. At least 65 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered.
Mechanism
At low substrate concentrations, the reaction is believed to follow an ordered route, with the sequential removal of CO2 from the D, A, B, and C rings, whereas at higher substrate/enzyme levels a random route seems to be operative. The enzyme functions as a dimer in solution, and both the enzymes from human and tobacco have been crystallized and solved at good resolutions.
UroD is regarded as an unusual decarboxylase, since it performs decarboxylations without the intervention of any cofactors, unlike the vast majority of decarboxylases. Its mechanism has recently been proposed to proceed through substrate protonation by an arginine residue. A 2008 report demonstrated that the uncatalyzed rate for UroD's reaction is 10−19 s−1, so at pH 10 the rate acceleration of UroD relative to the u
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf21
|
Sf21 (officially called IPLB-Sf21-AE) is a continuous cell line developed from ovaries of the Fall Army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a moth species that is an agricultural pest on corn and other grass species. It was originally developed in the United States at the Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. Sf9 is a substrain (clone) of these cells that was isolated from Sf21 by researchers at Texas A&M University.
Both the clone and parent strains of the cells have been extensively used in research on viruses, especially baculoviruses in their use for producing recombinant proteins.
References
External links
Cellosaurus entry for Sf21
Insect cell lines
Spodoptera
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