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Cotabato Manobo (Dulangan Manobo) is a Manobo language spoken in Mindanao, the Philippines. Dialects include Tasaday and Blit.
Distribution
Cotabato Manobo is spoken in the Kalamansig, Palimbang, and Ninoy Aquino municipalities of Sultan Kudarat Province and the T'Boli municipality of South Cotabato Province.
Phonology
Vowels
are realized as in closed syllables.
is realized as when it is preceded by and in an open syllable.
is realized as when it is followed by or .
is realized as when it is followed by , , or , or when word-initial and followed by . For some speakers it may also be realized as before or after when not word-initial.
Consonants
See also
Lumad
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Cotabato Manobo language
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State Road 257 is a 31-mile route in Daviess and Pike counties in the U.S. State of Indiana.
Route description
State Road 257 begins in the small town of Stendal. It winds north to pass through Pikeville, Velpen and Otwell. It terminates in Washington.
From mile 6 in Otwell, Indiana, there is a five-mile straight stretch to mile 11 in the road. It moves on to Velpen, where it continues to make more curves through Pike County.
Major intersections
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Indiana State Road 257
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Thomas Wodehouse Legh, 2nd Baron Newton PC, DL (18 March 1857 β 21 March 1942) was a British diplomat and Conservative politician who served as Paymaster General during the First World War.
Background and education
Newton was the son of William Legh, 1st Baron Newton, and Emily Jane Wodehouse, daughter of the Venerable Charles Nourse Wodehouse, Archdeacon of Norwich. The Legh family had been landowners in Cheshire for centuries. Newton was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford.
Political and administrative career
In 1879 he entered the Diplomatic Service and served as an attachΓ© at the British Embassy in Paris from 1881 to 1886. The latter year he was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for his home constituency of Newton, a seat he held until 1898, when he succeeded his father as 2nd Baron Newton and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Cheshire on 23 February 1901. In 1915 Prime Minister H. H. Asquith appointed him Paymaster General, with special responsibility for representing the War Office in Parliament when the Secretary of State for War was unable to attend. The same year he was admitted to the Privy Council.
In 1916 Lord Newton became Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and was put in charge of two departments at the Foreign Office, one dealing with foreign propaganda and the other with prisoners of war. In October 1916 he was appointed controller of the newly established Prisoner of War Department, and in this position he negotiated the release of thousands of British prisoners of war.
Lord Newton was appointed a deputy lieutenant for Cheshire in February 1901. He served as an officer in the Lancashire Hussars Imperial Yeomanry, and was promoted to the substantive rank of major on 1 July 1901, before he resigned with the honorary rank of lieutenant-colonel in October 1902.
Lord Newton was also the author of two biographies, one on Richard Lyons, 1st Viscount Lyons, published in 1913, and the other on Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, published in 1929. In 1941 he published his memoirs, entitled Retrospection.
Family
Lord Newton married Evelyn Caroline Davenport, daughter of William Bromley-Davenport, in 1880. They had five children, two sons and three daughters. His younger son Sir Piers Legh served as Master of the Household from 1941 to 1953. Lady Newton died in September 1931. Lord Newton survived her by eleven years and died in March, 1942, aged 85. He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son Richard Legh. The latter's son, Peter Legh, 4th Baron Newton, was also a Conservative politician and government minister.
Arms
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Thomas Legh, 2nd Baron Newton
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Frankston Blues is a NBL1 South club based in Melbourne. The club fields a team in both the Men's and Women's NBL1 South. The club is a division of Frankston & District Basketball Association (FDBA), the major administrative basketball organisation in City of Frankston. The Blues play their home games at Frankston Basketball Stadium.
Club history
Background
The FDBA's origins can be traced back to 1959, when a group of students from the Frankston Teachers' College travelled to Albert Park for a tournament where they met other players from Frankston. Through these contacts made, a few games were organised to cater for the need in the Frankston area. The earliest games were played at the Balcombe Army Barracks. The Army and Navy had teams involved, but no formal competition existed. It is thought that the first President of the FDBA was an NCO from the Army who happened to be on an inservice at the time.
In 1960, the College built a gymnasium. Teams from the YMCA and Seaford joined in and most of the administration was done by the teams on a rotational basis, such as collecting fees and marking lines. The President of the College, George Jenkins, was happy for the students to be involved in such activity as long as there was a formal structure, and financial accountability was in place. A staff team joined in the early 1960s and helped in negotiations with other groups, who were constantly in competition for use of the Gymnasium on the Campus. This staff team remained a vital part of the competition until the early 1970s.
In the early 1970s, the Police and Citizens Club built the existing facility at the Towerhill Road site. This, along with Ballam Park Technical School, was the site of the FDBA until one of many approaches over the years to Frankston City Council was successful, and the two-court stadium at Bardia Avenue was built and opened on 9 March 1979.
Early years of the Bears
At the time that ground was broken for the stadium, moves were also made to bring a senior representative team to Frankston. Jason Placas negotiated to bring Tony Gaze from Dandenong, along with the nucleus of his team. Four of these players were Frankston junior players. The team competed in the VBA Championships in 1979 and 1980, and joined the South East Australian Basketball League (SEABL) in 1981. The 1981 season saw the Frankston Bears finish second on the SEABL ladder before going on to reach the ABA National grand final, where they lost to the Geelong Cats. After winning the SEABL championship and ABA National championship in 1982, the Bears joined the National Basketball League (NBL) in 1983 and competed at that level for two years, before financial pressures became too much for the Association to handle.
Championship success
In 1986, Frankston joined forces with neighbouring Chelsea Association to form the Bayside Blues Basketball Club. This Club represented both Associations from 1986 to 1995, when Chelsea opted out because of financial commitments. During this time, a Bayside Blues team joined the inaugural SEABL women's season in 1990.
In 1991, the Bayside women finished second on the SEABL ladder and reached the ABA National grand final, where they lost to the Dandenong Rangers. In 1992, Bayside finished third on the SEABL ladder and reached ABA National grand final, where they lost to the Knox Raiders. In 1993, the Frankston Blues women finished first on the SEABL ladder to win their maiden SEABL championship. They went on to defeat the Broadmeadows Broncos in the ABA National grand final to win their first National championship. In 1994, they finished second on the SEABL ladder and reached their fourth straight ABA National grand final, where they lost to the Knox Raiders. In 1997, they finished first on the SEABL ladder and won their second SEABL championship. They went on to defeat the Townsville Sunbirds in the ABA National grand final to win their second National championship.
The men on the other hand were conference champions as Bayside in both 1992 and 1993 before they too changed their name to Frankston and won another conference championship in 1995. They also won conference championships in 1998 and 2000, and were National Runners-up in 1995 and 1998. The women's team went on to win the SEABL championship in 2004, while the men's team won the South Conference title in 2009.
In 2019, following the demise of the SEABL, the Blues joined the NBL1 South. In 2022 at the NBL1 National Finals, the Blues men lost 85β74 in the championship game to the Rockingham Flames.
NBL Season by season
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Frankston Blues
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Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Munir Nawaz Jang, also known as Syed Mehdi Ali () (born 9 December 1837 β 16 October 1907), was an Indian Muslim politician. He was a close friend of Syed Ahmed Khan, was involved in the Aligarh Movement and was one of the founders of the All India Muslim League in 1906.
Commemorative postage stamp
Pakistan Post issued a commemorative postage stamp to honor him in 1990 in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.
Family and early life
Syed Mehdi Ali was born on 9 December 1837 in the town of Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, British India as the son of Syed Mir Zaamin Ali. He belonged to a branch of the Sadaat-e-Bara tribe in Etawah. Most of his early education was in and around Etawah. As was common in those days, he received a thorough basic education in Persian and Arabic.
In 1867, he sat for the Provincial Civil Service examination and topped the list of successful candidates. He was appointed as Deputy Collector in the North-Western Provinces. His first posting as Deputy Collector was in Mirzapur district (present-day Uttar Pradesh). His elder brother was Syed Mir Gulam Abbas and younger brother was Syed Amir Hasan. In 1874, Syed Mehdi Ali proceeded to Hyderabad to enter into the service of the Nizam. For his meritorious service for more than a decade, he was granted the titles of Munir Nawaz Jang in 1884 and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk in 1887, by the Nizam of Hyderabad. Mohsin-ul-Mulk converted to Sunnism despite being born a Shia and authored the book Ayat-i Bayanat in which he showed why the Sunni faith was preferable.
Relationship with Syed Ahmed Khan
He was serving as a Tehsildar in Etawah, When Mohsin-ul-Mulk met Syed Ahmad Khan for the first time. This meeting resulted in a long lasting companionship and Nawab Mohsinul Mulk became a staunch supporter of Syed's vision and mission for the rest of his life. Very few friendships have been as stable and strong as the friendship of these two. Mohsin-ul-Mulk retained a very high level of respect despite difference of opinion for his dear friend. Thereafter Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, became one of the strongest supporters of Syed's mission and Aligarh Movement.
He became a member of the Scientific Society from its inception in 1864. He wrote passionate articles in Tahzeebul Akhlaq to support Syed's vision and spread his mission and became a spokesperson of Syed's social thoughts and the Aligarh Movement.
When Syed Ahmed Khan formed The Committee of the Supporters of the Advancement of Muslim Education, Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk was his key companion, and started collecting donations for the cause of the newly formed committee.
After 19 years of service, he retired in 1893 from State of Hyderabad, he came to Aligarh and offered his services to Syed Ahmad Khan to assist him in spreading the message of Aligarh Movement. Upon the death of Syed, he was appointed as the Secretary of the Muslim Educational Conference in 1899.
After Syed's death in 1898, he became Secretary of the MAO College management and took Syed's burden on his own shoulders and was given as much respect as his forerunner. He continued the mission of Syed while paying special attention to bringing religious and oriental stream scholars together on one platform, i.e. the MAO College so that the students could benefit from the scholars to have a proper understanding of religion alongside modern scientific education. He appointed a committee under the Chairmanship of Maulana Habibur Rahman Khan Sherwani to improve the religious studies courses at MAO College.
Mohsin-ul-Mulk remained the Secretary until his death in 1907. He was thus instrumental in the development of MAO College, which eventually became the Aligarh Muslim University in 1920.
In later years, the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) honored him by naming a hall of residence for students after him. The foundation stone of the Hall was laid by the then Vice Chancellor, Mr. Badruddin Mohsin Tyabji on 4 November 1963. It started with an initial strength of 400 and is now one of the largest student residential halls both in size and strength, having 900 students and six different hostels: Allama Shibli Hostel (Previously this was Sir Ziauddin Hostel), Ameen Hostel, Majaz Hostel, Maulana Hali Hostel, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Hostel, and Saifi Hostel.
Political involvements
Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk carried on correspondence with the private secretary of the Viceroy to give his point of view on the necessity of separate representation for the Muslims in all legislatures and local bodies. He presided over the ninth session of Muhammadan Educational Conference which was held in Aligarh in 1894 where he proposed a resolution to help and support Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, the newly formed religious school in Lucknow. His impressive presidential remarks softened the hearts of modern educationists to support the cause of Nadwatul Ulama.
In 1906, he became Secretary of All India Muslim League at its founding session in Dhaka. Along with Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh, he was asked to draft the constitution of the League.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Hindi-Urdu controversy arose in the United Provinces. Mohsin-ul-Mulk took up the pen in defense of Urdu in collaboration with the Urdu Defense Association.
He authored the following books;
Mazaameen-e-Tahzeebul Akhlaq (Collection of his articles published in Tahzeebul Akhlaq)
Taqleed-e-Amal
Kitabul Muhabbat-o-Shauq Makaateeb
Musalmano(n) ki Tahzeeb
Aayaat-e-BayyinΔt
Urdu Defence Association
The followers of Syed Ahmad Khan tried their best to save the Urdu language. Mohsin-ul-Mulk was an outstanding person who organized the Muslims in defense of Urdu language. Towards the beginning of the 20th century, the Hindi-Urdu controversy again flared up in the United Provinces. Mohsin-ul-Mulk took up the pen in defense of Urdu in collaboration with the Urdu Defense Association.
Earlier, the success of the Hindi movement led Syed to further advocate Urdu as the symbol of Muslim heritage and as the language of all Indian Muslims. His educational and political work grew increasingly centered on and exclusively for Muslim interests. He also sought to persuade the British to give Urdu extensive official use and patronage. His colleague, Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk] established Urdu Defence Association, committed to the perpetuation of Urdu and became its founding president. To Muslims in northern and western India, Urdu had become an integral part of political and cultural identity. However, the division over the use of Hindi or Urdu further provoked communal conflict between Muslims and Hindus in India.
Syed Ahmed Khan and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk's patronage of Urdu led to its widespread use amongst elite Indian Muslim communities and following the Partition of India its adoption as the national language of Pakistan.
Death
Mohsin-ul-Mulk died from chronic diabetes at age 69 on 16 October 1907 at Simla, Punjab, British India.
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Mohsin-ul-Mulk
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Warren High School is the name of several high schools:
Warren High School (Warren, Arkansas)
Warren High School (Downey, California)
Warren Township High School in Gurnee, Illinois
Warren High School (Monmouth, Illinois)
Warren High School (Warren, Illinois)
Warren High School (Warren, Michigan)
Warren High School (Vincent, Ohio)
Warren Area High School, Warren, Pennsylvania
Earl Warren High School in San Antonio, Texas
Warren High School (Warren, Texas)
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Warren High School
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Scapegoat Hill is a small village 5Β miles (8Β km) west of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. It is near to the villages of Slaithwaite and Golcar. The village together with nearby Bolster Moor has a population of 1,246.
This Pennine village is 328Β metres above sea level at its highest point (near the millennium stone). It is also nearby the Moorside Edge Radio transmitter.
The first recorded mention is from 1638 in the records of Huddersfield Parish Church on the death of a child of a William Aneley. At that date, the place was called 'Slipcoat' (or Slippery Coat) Hill. The first record of the name 'Scapegoat Hill' occurs in an Enclosure notice placed in the Leeds Mercury in 1820. Although the first Ordnance Survey map (of 1843) uses the old name, 'Scapegoat Hill' was in regular use after 1820.
The village grew up around the woollen trade, and, in spite of having no mill, continued to grow in size throughout the nineteenth century. In fact, handloom weavers are recorded here as late as 1935.
Throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, the village was a very strong centre of baptism opening a church as a daughter of the Pole Moor Church 1871 and moving to its present building in 1900.
See also
Listed buildings in Colne Valley (eastern area)
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Scapegoat Hill
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Mahaya Petrosian (, born 3 January 1970) is an Iranian actress of Armenian descent. She is also a director, A Beautiful Snowy Day being her first movie as director.
Biography
Mahaya Petrosian was born in Tehran on January 4, 1970, and after earning a diploma, she went to the Faculty of Fine Arts and was able to graduate in theater from this university. Mahaya Petrosyan was from the Armenian minority living in Tehran and converted to Islam after marrying a Muslim man. Her first artistic activity was acting in the movie "Love and Death" directed by Mohammad Reza Alami and she entered the field of acting. Acting in this film did not have much work for him due to his small role, but by acting in the film The Last Screen and his second cinematic activity, he was able to show his abilities.
Filmography
See also
Tahmineh Milani
Mohsen Makhmalbaf
Iranian cinema
Persian women
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Mahaya Petrosian
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Eugen Dido Kvaternik (29 March 1910 β 10 March 1962) was a Croatian UstaΕ‘e General-Lieutenant and the Chief of the Internal Security Service in the Independent State of Croatia, during World War II.
Life
Eugen Dido Kvaternik was the son of Slavko Kvaternik, a general in the Independent State of Croatia army and a member of the UstaΕ‘e, and Olga Frank, daughter of Josip Frank, a Catholic convert whose parents were Jewish.
He instituted a regime of terror against Serbs, Jews, Gypsies and other "enemies of the State". In 1943, after a falling-out with PaveliΔ, the leader of the Independent State of Croatia, he and his father, Slavko, the Croatian Minister of War, went into exile in Slovakia, and after the war fled to Argentina. From Argentina, he directed activities against Josip Broz Tito. He reorganized UstaΕ‘e supporters and continued to publish actively. Yugoslavia's multiple extradition requests were all turned down, and Kvaternik was never tried. Dido Kvaternik died in a car crash in RΓo Cuarto, Argentina in 1962.
Family
Kvaternik met Marija CvitkoviΔ in 1941; the two married on 10 January 1942. The couple had three children: Slavko, Davor and Olga. Slavko later became a professor of political sciences in Argentina, and Davor became a cardiologist in Boston, Massachusetts. Dido and Olga both died in a car accident on 10 March 1962.
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Dido Kvaternik
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Black River is a river in the southwest part of the U.S. state of Michigan that empties into Lake Michigan in South Haven at , where it discharges past the South Pier Lighthouse. The river takes its name from the dark brown color of its water, which is caused by suspended sediments and organic materials picked up along its course. The river supports a variety of wildlife including trout, snapping turtles, leeches, and many other varieties of flora and fauna. The Black River watershed encompasses across two counties and 13 townships.
The main course of the river is formed by the confluence of the North Branch Black River and Middle Branch Black River at , northwest of South Haven. The South Branch Black River joins the main course at .
The North Branch Black River is formed out of the Black River Drain, which rises out of a complex of drains including the Leverich Drain and North State Road Drain in Clyde Township and Ganges Township in Allegan County. The Middle Branch Black River is formed by the junction of the Little Bear Lake Drain and Melvin Creek at in southern Lee Township, near the boundary with Van Buren County. The South Branch Black River is formed by the junction of the Lower Jeptha Lake Drain and the Black River Extension Drain at in Columbia Township near Breedsville.
About three miles above its mouth on Lake Michigan, the river forks, with the South Branch draining Van Buren County. Less than three miles further upstream, the river forks again into the Middle and North Branches. The Middle branch drains areas of both Van Buren and Allegan counties, and the North Branch watershed is entirely in Allegan County.
Tributaries
From the mouth:
(right) South Branch Black River
(left) Butternut Creek
(left) Tripp and Extension Drain
(right) Cedar Creek
(left) Eastman Creek
(left) Picture Lake
(right) Moon Lake
(right) Merriman Lake
School Section Lake
Maple Creek
(left) Cedar Drain
(right) Nelson Extension Drain
Great Bear Lake Drain
Great Bear Lake
Haven and Max Lake Drain
Max Lake
Mill Lake
Munn Lake
(left) Lower Jeptha Lake Drain
Lower Jeptha Lake
Upper Jeptha Lake
(right) Black River Extension Drain
(left) South Scott Lake
(right) Abernathy Lake
(left) Max Lake
(left) North Scott Lake
Middle Branch Black River
(right) Spicebush Creek
(left) Scott Creek Drain, also known as Scott Creek
(left) Elm Creek Drain, also known as Elm Creek
Lower Scott Lake
Upper Scott Lake
Barber Creek, also spelled Barbor Creek
(right) Lester Lake
(right) Mud Lake
(right) Coffee Lake
Saddle Lake
Spring Brook
Spring Brook Lake
(left) Osterhout Lake
(left) Melvin Creek
Deer Lake
Lake Moriah
(left) Mud Lake
(right) Little Bear Lake Drain
(left) Lake Eleven
Lake Fourteen
North Branch Black River
Black River Drain
(right) Ockford Drain
(left) Beaver Dam Drain
(left) North State Road Drain
Hutchins Lake
Leverich Drain
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Black River (Southwest Michigan)
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The following is a partial list of the "C" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM).
This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (C03). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (C05). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes.
The source for this content is the set of 2006 MeSH Trees from the NLM.
β neoplasms
β cysts
β arachnoid cysts
β bone cysts
β bone cysts, aneurysmal
β jaw cysts
β nonodontogenic cysts
β odontogenic cysts
β basal cell nevus syndrome
β dentigerous cyst
β odontogenic cyst, calcifying
β periodontal cyst
β radicular cyst
β branchioma
β breast cyst
β bronchogenic cyst
β chalazion
β choledochal cyst
β dermoid cyst
β epidermal cyst
β esophageal cyst
β follicular cyst
β ganglion cysts
β lymphocele
β mediastinal cyst
β mesenteric cyst
β mucocele
β ovarian cysts
β polycystic ovary syndrome
β pancreatic cyst
β pancreatic pseudocyst
β parovarian cyst
β pilonidal sinus
β ranula
β synovial cyst
β popliteal cyst
β thyroglossal cyst
β urachal cyst
β hamartoma
β hamartoma syndrome, multiple
β proteus syndrome
β tuberous sclerosis
β neoplasms by histologic type
β histiocytic disorders, malignant
β histiocytosis, malignant
β leukemia, monocytic, acute
β lymphoma, large-cell
β lymphoma, large-cell, ki-1
β leukemia
β enzootic bovine leukosis
β leukemia, experimental
β avian leukosis
β leukemia L1210
β leukemia L5178
β leukemia p388
β leukemia, feline
β leukemia, hairy cell
β leukemia, t-cell, htlv-ii-associated
β leukemia, lymphocytic
β leukemia, b-cell
β leukemia, b-cell, acute
β leukemia, B-Cell, chronic
β leukemia, pre-b-cell
β leukemia, lymphocytic, acute
β leukemia, b-cell, acute
β leukemia, calla-positive
β leukemia, lymphocytic, acute, L1
β leukemia, lymphocytic, acute, L2
β leukemia, mixed-cell
β leukemia, null-cell
β leukemia, t-cell, acute
β leukemia-lymphoma, t-cell, acute, htlv-i-associated
β leukemia, lymphocytic, chronic
β leukemia, B-Cell, chronic
β leukemia, prolymphocytic
β leukemia, T-Cell, chronic
β leukemia, t-cell
β leukemia, t-cell, acute
β leukemia-lymphoma, t-cell, acute, htlv-i-associated
β leukemia, T-Cell, chronic
β leukemia, t-cell, htlv-ii-associated
β leukemia, mast-cell
β leukemia, myeloid
β leukemia, myeloid, chronic
β blast crisis
β leukemia, monocytic, chronic
β leukemia, myeloid, aggressive-phase
β leukemia, myeloid, chronic-phase
β leukemia, myelomonocytic, chronic
β leukemia, neutrophilic, chronic
β leukemia, myeloid, philadelphia-negative
β leukemia, myeloid, philadelphia-positive
β leukemia, myelomonocytic, acute
β leukemia, nonlymphocytic, acute
β leukemia, basophilic, acute
β leukemia, eosinophilic, acute
β leukemia, erythroblastic, acute
β leukemia, mast-cell
β leukemia, megakaryocytic, acute
β leukemia, monocytic, acute
β leukemia, myelocytic, acute
β leukemia, promyelocytic, acute
β sarcoma, granulocytic
β leukemia, plasmacytic
β leukemia, radiation-induced
β leukemia, subleukemic
β lymphatic vessel tumors
β lymphangioma
β lymphangioma, cystic
β lymphangiomyoma
β lymphangioleiomyomatosis
β lymphangiosarcoma
β lymphoma
β histiocytosis, malignant
β hodgkin disease
β immunoproliferative small intestinal disease
β lymphoma, non-hodgkin
β B-cell lymphoma
β burkitt lymphoma
β lymphoma, aids-related
β lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
β lymphoma, small-cell
β lymphoma, diffuse
β lymphoma, large-cell, diffuse
β lymphoma, large-cell, immunoblastic
β lymphoma, lymphoblastic
β lymphoma, mixed-cell, diffuse
β lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, diffuse
β lymphoma, mantle-cell
β lymphoma, small lymphocytic
β lymphoma, small noncleaved-cell
β lymphoma, follicular
β lymphoma, large-cell, follicular
β lymphoma, mixed-cell, follicular
β lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, follicular
β lymphoma, high-grade
β lymphoma, large-cell, immunoblastic
β lymphoma, lymphoblastic
β lymphoma, small noncleaved-cell
β burkitt lymphoma
β lymphoma, intermediate-grade
β lymphoma, large-cell, diffuse
β lymphoma, large-cell, follicular
β lymphoma, mixed-cell, diffuse
β lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, diffuse
β lymphoma, mantle-cell
β lymphoma, large-cell
β lymphoma, large-cell, diffuse
β lymphoma, large-cell, follicular
β lymphoma, large-cell, immunoblastic
β lymphoma, large-cell, ki-1
β lymphoma, lymphoblastic
β lymphoma, low-grade
β lymphoma, mixed-cell, follicular
β lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
β lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, follicular
β lymphoma, small lymphocytic
β lymphoma, mixed-cell
β lymphoma, mixed-cell, diffuse
β lymphoma, mixed-cell, follicular
β lymphoma, small-cell
β lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, diffuse
β lymphoma, mantle-cell
β lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, follicular
β lymphoma, small lymphocytic
β lymphoma, small noncleaved-cell
β lymphoma, t-cell
β lymphoma, lymphoblastic
β lymphoma, t-cell, cutaneous
β lymphoma, large-cell, ki-1
β mycosis fungoides
β sezary syndrome
β lymphoma, t-cell, peripheral
β lymphoma, undifferentiated
β lymphoma, large-cell, diffuse
β lymphoma, small noncleaved-cell
β burkitt lymphoma
β plasmacytoma
β multiple myeloma
β reticuloendotheliosis
β mast-cell sarcoma
β neoplasms, complex and mixed
β adenolymphoma
β adenoma, pleomorphic
β adenomyoma
β adenosarcoma
β carcinoma, adenosquamous
β carcinosarcoma
β carcinoma 256, walker
β hepatoblastoma
β mesenchymoma
β mixed tumor, malignant
β mixed tumor, mesodermal
β mixed tumor, mullerian
β myoepithelioma
β wilms tumor
β denys-drash syndrome
β wagr syndrome
β nephroma, mesoblastic
β pulmonary blastoma
β rhabdoid tumor
β sarcoma, endometrial stromal
β thymoma
β neoplasms, connective and soft tissue
β neoplasms, adipose tissue
β angiolipoma
β angiomyolipoma
β lipoma
β liposarcoma
β liposarcoma, myxoid
β myelolipoma
β neoplasms, connective tissue
β chondroblastoma
β chondroma
β chondromatosis
β chondrosarcoma
β chondrosarcoma, mesenchymal
β giant cell tumors
β giant cell tumor of bone
β mastocytosis
β mastocytoma
β mastocytosis, cutaneous
β urticaria pigmentosa
β mastocytosis, systemic
β leukemia, mast-cell
β mast-cell sarcoma
β myofibroma
β myxoma
β neurothekeoma
β myxosarcoma
β neoplasms, bone tissue
β fibroma, ossifying
β giant cell tumor of bone
β osteoblastoma
β osteochondroma
β osteochondromatosis
β exostoses, multiple hereditary
β osteoma
β osteoma, osteoid
β osteosarcoma
β osteosarcoma, juxtacortical
β sarcoma, Ewing's
β neoplasms, fibrous tissue
β fibroma
β fibroma, desmoplastic
β fibroma, ossifying
β fibromatosis, abdominal
β fibromatosis, aggressive
β fibrosarcoma
β dermatofibrosarcoma
β neurofibrosarcoma
β histiocytoma
β histiocytoma, benign fibrous
β histiocytoma, malignant fibrous
β myofibromatosis
β neoplasms, fibroepithelial
β adenofibroma
β brenner tumor
β fibroadenoma
β sarcoma, clear cell
β sarcoma, small cell
β sarcoma, synovial
β neoplasms, muscle tissue
β granular cell tumor
β leiomyoma
β angiomyoma
β leiomyoma, epithelioid
β leiomyomatosis
β leiomyosarcoma
β myoma
β rhabdomyoma
β myosarcoma
β rhabdomyosarcoma
β rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar
β rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal
β sarcoma, alveolar soft part
β smooth muscle tumor
β sarcoma
β adenosarcoma
β carcinosarcoma
β carcinoma 256, walker
β chondrosarcoma
β chondrosarcoma, mesenchymal
β fibrosarcoma
β dermatofibrosarcoma
β neurofibrosarcoma
β hemangiosarcoma
β histiocytoma, malignant fibrous
β leiomyosarcoma
β liposarcoma
β liposarcoma, myxoid
β lymphangiosarcoma
β mixed tumor, mesodermal
β myosarcoma
β rhabdomyosarcoma
β rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar
β rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal
β myxosarcoma
β osteosarcoma
β osteosarcoma, juxtacortical
β sarcoma, Ewing's
β phyllodes tumor
β sarcoma, alveolar soft part
β sarcoma, clear cell
β sarcoma, endometrial stromal
β sarcoma, experimental
β sarcoma 37
β sarcoma 180
β sarcoma, avian
β sarcoma, yoshida
β sarcoma, granulocytic
β sarcoma, kaposi
β sarcoma, small cell
β sarcoma, synovial
β neoplasms, germ cell and embryonal
β carcinoma, embryonal
β chordoma
β dermoid cyst
β germinoma
β dysgerminoma
β seminoma
β gonadoblastoma
β mesonephroma
β endodermal sinus tumor
β neuroectodermal tumors
β craniopharyngioma
β neoplasms, neuroepithelial
β ganglioneuroma
β glioma
β astrocytoma
β glioblastoma
β optic nerve glioma
β ependymoma
β glioma, subependymal
β ganglioglioma
β gliosarcoma
β medulloblastoma
β oligodendroglioma
β optic nerve glioma
β neurocytoma
β neuroectodermal tumors, primitive
β medulloblastoma
β neuroectodermal tumors, primitive, peripheral
β neuroblastoma
β esthesioneuroblastoma, olfactory
β ganglioneuroblastoma
β pinealoma
β retinoblastoma
β neuroectodermal tumor, melanotic
β neuroendocrine tumors
β adenoma, acidophil
β adenoma, basophil
β adenoma, chromophobe
β apudoma
β carcinoid tumor
β malignant carcinoid syndrome
β carcinoid heart disease
β carcinoma, neuroendocrine
β carcinoma, medullary
β carcinoma, merkel cell
β carcinoma, small cell
β somatostatinoma
β vipoma
β melanoma
β hutchinson's melanotic freckle
β melanoma, amelanotic
β melanoma, experimental
β neurilemmoma
β neuroma, acoustic
β neurofibromatosis 2
β paraganglioma
β paraganglioma, extra-adrenal
β carotid body tumor
β glomus jugulare tumor
β glomus tympanicum tumor
β pheochromocytoma
β teratocarcinoma
β teratoma
β struma ovarii
β trophoblastic neoplasms
β choriocarcinoma
β choriocarcinoma, non-gestational
β trophoblastic tumor, placental site
β gestational trophoblastic neoplasms
β choriocarcinoma
β trophoblastic tumor, placental site
β hydatidiform mole
β hydatidiform mole, invasive
β neoplasms, glandular and epithelial
β adenoma
β acth-secreting pituitary adenoma
β adenoma, acidophil
β adenoma, basophil
β adenoma, bile duct
β adenoma, chromophobe
β adenoma, islet cell
β insulinoma
β adenoma, liver cell
β adenoma, oxyphilic
β adenoma, pleomorphic
β adenoma, sweat gland
β acrospiroma, eccrine
β hidrocystoma
β syringoma
β adenoma, villous
β adenomatoid tumor
β adenomatosis, pulmonary
β adenomatous polyps
β adenomatous polyposis coli
β gardner syndrome
β adrenal rest tumor
β apudoma
β cystadenoma
β cystadenoma, mucinous
β cystadenoma, papillary
β cystadenoma, serous
β growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma
β mesothelioma
β mesothelioma, cystic
β prolactinoma
β carcinoma
β adenocarcinoma
β adenocarcinoma, bronchiolo-alveolar
β adenocarcinoma, clear cell
β adenocarcinoma, follicular
β carcinoma, papillary, follicular
β adenocarcinoma, mucinous
β adenocarcinoma, papillary
β carcinoma, papillary, follicular
β adenocarcinoma, scirrhous
β linitis plastica
β adenocarcinoma, sebaceous
β adrenocortical carcinoma
β carcinoid tumor
β malignant carcinoid syndrome
β carcinoid heart disease
β carcinoma, acinar cell
β carcinoma, adenoid cystic
β carcinoma, ductal
β carcinoma, ductal, breast
β carcinoma, pancreatic ductal
β carcinoma, endometrioid
β carcinoma, hepatocellular
β carcinoma, intraductal, noninfiltrating
β paget's disease, mammary
β carcinoma, islet cell
β gastrinoma
β glucagonoma
β carcinoma, lobular
β carcinoma, mucoepidermoid
β carcinoma, neuroendocrine
β carcinoma, medullary
β carcinoma, merkel cell
β carcinoma, small cell
β somatostatinoma
β vipoma
β carcinoma, renal cell
β carcinoma, signet ring cell
β krukenberg tumor
β carcinoma, skin appendage
β cholangiocarcinoma
β choriocarcinoma
β choriocarcinoma, non-gestational
β trophoblastic tumor, placental site
β cystadenocarcinoma
β cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous
β cystadenocarcinoma, papillary
β cystadenocarcinoma, serous
β klatskin's tumor
β paget's disease, extramammary
β pulmonary adenomatosis, ovine
β carcinoma, adenosquamous
β carcinoma, basal cell
β basal cell nevus syndrome
β carcinoma, basosquamous
β carcinoma, ehrlich tumor
β carcinoma, giant cell
β carcinoma in situ
β cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
β prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
β carcinoma, krebs 2
β carcinoma, large cell
β carcinoma, lewis lung
β carcinoma, non-small-cell lung
β carcinoma, papillary
β carcinoma, squamous cell
β bowen's disease
β carcinoma, transitional cell
β carcinoma, verrucous
β neoplasms, adnexal and skin appendage
β adenocarcinoma, sebaceous
β adenoma, sweat gland
β acrospiroma, eccrine
β hidrocystoma
β syringoma
β carcinoma, skin appendage
β neoplasms, basal cell
β carcinoma, basal cell
β basal cell nevus syndrome
β carcinoma, basosquamous
β pilomatrixoma
β neoplasms, cystic, mucinous, and serous
β adenocarcinoma, mucinous
β carcinoma, mucoepidermoid
β carcinoma, signet ring cell
β krukenberg tumor
β cystadenocarcinoma
β cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous
β cystadenocarcinoma, papillary
β cystadenocarcinoma, serous
β cystadenoma
β cystadenoma, mucinous
β cystadenoma, papillary
β cystadenoma, serous
β mucoepidermoid tumor
β pseudomyxoma peritonei
β neoplasms, ductal, lobular, and medullary
β carcinoma, ductal
β carcinoma, ductal, breast
β carcinoma, pancreatic ductal
β carcinoma, intraductal, noninfiltrating
β paget's disease, mammary
β carcinoma, lobular
β carcinoma, medullary
β paget's disease, extramammary
β papilloma, intraductal
β neoplasms, fibroepithelial
β adenofibroma
β brenner tumor
β fibroadenoma
β neoplasms, mesothelial
β adenomatoid tumor
β mesothelioma
β mesothelioma, cystic
β neoplasms, neuroepithelial
β ganglioneuroma
β glioma
β astrocytoma
β glioblastoma
β optic nerve glioma
β ependymoma
β glioma, subependymal
β ganglioglioma
β gliosarcoma
β medulloblastoma
β oligodendroglioma
β optic nerve glioma
β neurocytoma
β neuroectodermal tumors, primitive
β medulloblastoma
β neuroectodermal tumors, primitive, peripheral
β neuroblastoma
β esthesioneuroblastoma, olfactory
β ganglioneuroblastoma
β pinealoma
β retinoblastoma
β neoplasms, squamous cell
β acanthoma
β carcinoma, papillary
β carcinoma, squamous cell
β bowen's disease
β carcinoma, verrucous
β papilloma
β papilloma, inverted
β neoplasms, gonadal tissue
β gonadoblastoma
β sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors
β granulosa cell tumor
β luteoma
β sertoli-leydig cell tumor
β leydig cell tumor
β sertoli cell tumor
β thecoma
β neoplasms, nerve tissue
β meningioma
β nerve sheath neoplasms
β neurilemmoma
β neurofibroma
β neurofibroma, plexiform
β neurofibromatosis
β neurofibromatosis 1
β neurofibromatosis 2
β neurofibrosarcoma
β neurofibrosarcoma
β neuroma
β neurilemmoma
β neuroma, acoustic
β neurofibromatosis 2
β neurothekeoma
β neuroectodermal tumors
β craniopharyngioma
β neoplasms, neuroepithelial
β ganglioneuroma
β glioma
β astrocytoma
β glioblastoma
β optic nerve glioma
β ependymoma
β glioma, subependymal
β ganglioglioma
β gliosarcoma
β medulloblastoma
β oligodendroglioma
β optic nerve glioma
β neurocytoma
β neuroectodermal tumors, primitive
β medulloblastoma
β neuroectodermal tumors, primitive, peripheral
β neuroblastoma
β esthesioneuroblastoma, olfactory
β ganglioneuroblastoma
β pinealoma
β retinoblastoma
β neuroectodermal tumor, melanotic
β neuroendocrine tumors
β adenoma, acidophil
β adenoma, basophil
β adenoma, chromophobe
β apudoma
β carcinoid tumor
β malignant carcinoid syndrome
β carcinoid heart disease
β carcinoma, neuroendocrine
β carcinoma, medullary
β carcinoma, merkel cell
β carcinoma, small cell
β melanoma
β hutchinson's melanotic freckle
β melanoma, amelanotic
β melanoma, experimental
β neurilemmoma
β neuroma, acoustic
β paraganglioma
β paraganglioma, extra-adrenal
β carotid body tumor
β glomus jugulare tumor
β glomus tympanicum tumor
β pheochromocytoma
β neoplasms, vascular tissue
β angiofibroma
β angiokeratoma
β glomus tumor
β hemangioma
β central nervous system venous angioma
β hemangioendothelioma
β hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid
β hemangioma, capillary
β hemangioblastoma
β hemangioma, cavernous
β hemangioma, cavernous, central nervous system
β sturge-weber syndrome
β hemangiopericytoma
β hemangiosarcoma
β meningioma
β sarcoma, kaposi
β nevi and melanomas
β melanoma
β hutchinson's melanotic freckle
β melanoma, amelanotic
β melanoma, experimental
β nevus
β dysplastic nevus syndrome
β nevus, intradermal
β nevus, pigmented
β mongolian spot
β nevus, blue
β nevus of ota
β nevus, spindle cell
β nevus, epithelioid and spindle cell
β odontogenic tumors
β ameloblastoma
β cementoma
β odontogenic cyst, calcifying
β odontogenic tumor, squamous
β odontoma
β neoplasms by site
β abdominal neoplasms
β peritoneal neoplasms
β retroperitoneal neoplasms
β anal gland neoplasms
β bone neoplasms
β adamantinoma
β femoral neoplasms
β skull neoplasms
β jaw neoplasms
β mandibular neoplasms
β maxillary neoplasms
β palatal neoplasms
β nose neoplasms
β orbital neoplasms
β skull base neoplasms
β spinal neoplasms
β breast neoplasms
β breast neoplasms, male
β carcinoma, ductal, breast
β phyllodes tumor
β digestive system neoplasms
β biliary tract neoplasms
β bile duct neoplasms
β common bile duct neoplasms
β gallbladder neoplasms
β gastrointestinal neoplasms
β esophageal neoplasms
β gastrointestinal stromal tumors
β intestinal neoplasms
β cecal neoplasms
β appendiceal neoplasms
β colorectal neoplasms
β adenomatous polyposis coli
β gardner syndrome
β colonic neoplasms
β adenomatous polyposis coli
β gardner syndrome
β sigmoid neoplasms
β colorectal neoplasms, hereditary nonpolyposis
β rectal neoplasms
β anus neoplasms
β anal gland neoplasms
β duodenal neoplasms
β ileal neoplasms
β jejunal neoplasms
β stomach neoplasms
β liver neoplasms
β adenoma, liver cell
β carcinoma, hepatocellular
β liver neoplasms, experimental
β pancreatic neoplasms
β adenoma, islet cell
β insulinoma
β carcinoma, islet cell
β gastrinoma
β glucagonoma
β somatostatinoma
β vipoma
β carcinoma, pancreatic ductal
β peritoneal neoplasms
β endocrine gland neoplasms
β adrenal gland neoplasms
β adrenal cortex neoplasms
β adrenocortical adenoma
β adrenocortical carcinoma
β multiple endocrine neoplasia
β multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
β multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a
β multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b
β pancreatic neoplasms
β adenoma, islet cell
β insulinoma
β carcinoma, islet cell
β gastrinoma
β glucagonoma
β somatostatinoma
β vipoma
β carcinoma, pancreatic ductal
β ovarian neoplasms
β granulosa cell tumor
β luteoma
β meigs syndrome
β sertoli-leydig cell tumor
β thecoma
β paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes
β parathyroid neoplasms
β pituitary neoplasms
β acth-secreting pituitary adenoma
β nelson syndrome
β growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma
β prolactinoma
β testicular neoplasms
β sertoli-leydig cell tumor
β thyroid neoplasms
β thyroid nodule
β eye neoplasms
β conjunctival neoplasms
β orbital neoplasms
β retinal neoplasms
β retinoblastoma
β uveal neoplasms
β choroid neoplasms
β iris neoplasms
β head and neck neoplasms
β esophageal neoplasms
β facial neoplasms
β eyelid neoplasms
β mouth neoplasms
β gingival neoplasms
β leukoplakia, oral
β leukoplakia, hairy
β lip neoplasms
β palatal neoplasms
β salivary gland neoplasms
β parotid neoplasms
β sublingual gland neoplasms
β submandibular gland neoplasms
β tongue neoplasms
β otorhinolaryngologic neoplasms
β ear neoplasms
β laryngeal neoplasms
β nose neoplasms
β paranasal sinus neoplasms
β maxillary sinus neoplasms
β pharyngeal neoplasms
β hypopharyngeal neoplasms
β nasopharyngeal neoplasms
β oropharyngeal neoplasms
β tonsillar neoplasms
β parathyroid neoplasms
β thyroid neoplasms
β thyroid nodule
β tracheal neoplasms
β hematologic neoplasms
β bone marrow neoplasms
β mammary neoplasms, animal
β mammary neoplasms, experimental
β nervous system neoplasms
β central nervous system neoplasms
β brain neoplasms
β cerebral ventricle neoplasms
β choroid plexus neoplasms
β papilloma, choroid plexus
β infratentorial neoplasms
β brain stem neoplasms
β cerebellar neoplasms
β neurocytoma
β pinealoma
β supratentorial neoplasms
β hypothalamic neoplasms
β pituitary neoplasms
β central nervous system cysts
β arachnoid cysts
β meningeal neoplasms
β meningioma
β spinal cord neoplasms
β epidural neoplasms
β cranial nerve neoplasms
β optic nerve neoplasms
β optic nerve glioma
β neuroma, acoustic
β neurofibromatosis 2
β paraneoplastic syndromes, nervous system
β lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome
β limbic encephalitis
β myelitis, transverse
β paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
β paraneoplastic polyneuropathy
β peripheral nervous system neoplasms
β cranial nerve neoplasms
β neuroma, acoustic
β optic nerve neoplasms
β optic nerve glioma
β pelvic neoplasms
β skin neoplasms
β acanthoma
β sebaceous gland neoplasms
β sweat gland neoplasms
β soft tissue neoplasms
β muscle neoplasms
β vascular neoplasms
β splenic neoplasms
β thoracic neoplasms
β heart neoplasms
β mediastinal neoplasms
β respiratory tract neoplasms
β bronchial neoplasms
β lung neoplasms
β carcinoma, bronchogenic
β carcinoma, non-small-cell lung
β carcinoma, small cell
β coin lesion, pulmonary
β pancoast's syndrome
β pulmonary blastoma
β pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma
β pleural neoplasms
β pleural effusion, malignant
β tracheal neoplasms
β thymus neoplasms
β thymoma
β urogenital neoplasms
β genital neoplasms, female
β fallopian tube neoplasms
β uterine neoplasms
β endometrial neoplasms
β carcinoma, endometrioid
β endometrial stromal tumors
β sarcoma, endometrial stromal
β uterine cervical neoplasms
β vaginal neoplasms
β vulvar neoplasms
β genital neoplasms, male
β penile neoplasms
β prostatic neoplasms
β testicular neoplasms
β urologic neoplasms
β bladder neoplasms
β kidney neoplasms
β carcinoma, renal cell
β wilms tumor
β denys-drash syndrome
β wagr syndrome
β nephroma, mesoblastic
β ureteral neoplasms
β urethral neoplasms
β venereal tumors, veterinary
β neoplasms, experimental
β carcinoma 256, walker
β carcinoma, brown-pearce
β carcinoma, ehrlich tumor
β carcinoma, krebs 2
β carcinoma, lewis lung
β leukemia, experimental
β avian leukosis
β leukemia L1210
β leukemia L5178
β leukemia p388
β liver neoplasms, experimental
β mammary neoplasms, experimental
β melanoma, experimental
β sarcoma, experimental
β sarcoma 37
β sarcoma 180
β sarcoma, avian
β sarcoma, yoshida
β tumor virus infections
β avian leukosis
β epstein-barr virus infections
β burkitt lymphoma
β marek disease
β sarcoma, avian
β neoplasms, hormone-dependent
β neoplasms, multiple primary
β hamartoma syndrome, multiple
β lipomatosis, multiple symmetrical
β multiple endocrine neoplasia
β multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
β multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a
β multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b
β proteus syndrome
β neoplasms, post-traumatic
β neoplasms, radiation-induced
β leukemia, radiation-induced
β neoplasms, second primary
β neoplastic processes
β anaplasia
β cell transformation, neoplastic
β blast crisis
β cell transformation, viral
β cocarcinogenesis
β neoplasm invasiveness
β leukemic infiltration
β neoplasm metastasis
β lymphatic metastasis
β neoplasm circulating cells
β neoplasm seeding
β neoplasms, unknown primary
β neoplasm recurrence, local
β neoplasm regression, spontaneous
β neoplasm, residual
β neoplastic syndromes, hereditary
β adenomatous polyposis coli
β gardner syndrome
β basal cell nevus syndrome
β colorectal neoplasms, hereditary nonpolyposis
β dysplastic nevus syndrome
β exostoses, multiple hereditary
β hamartoma syndrome, multiple
β li-fraumeni syndrome
β multiple endocrine neoplasia
β multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
β multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a
β multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b
β wilms tumor
β denys-drash syndrome
β wagr syndrome
β neurofibromatosis
β neurofibromatosis 1
β neurofibromatosis 2
β peutz-jeghers syndrome
β sturge-weber syndrome
β paraneoplastic syndromes
β paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes
β acth syndrome, ectopic
β zollinger-ellison syndrome
β paraneoplastic syndromes, nervous system
β lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome
β limbic encephalitis
β myelitis, transverse
β paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
β paraneoplastic polyneuropathy
β precancerous conditions
β erythroplasia
β leukoplakia
β leukoplakia, oral
β leukoplakia, hairy
β lymphomatoid granulomatosis
β lymphomatoid papulosis
β preleukemia
β uterine cervical dysplasia
β xeroderma pigmentosum
β pregnancy complications, neoplastic
β trophoblastic neoplasms
β gestational trophoblastic neoplasms
β choriocarcinoma
β trophoblastic tumor, placental site
β hydatidiform mole
β hydatidiform mole, invasive
β tumor virus infections
β avian leukosis
β epstein-barr virus infections
β burkitt lymphoma
β marek disease
β sarcoma, avian
β warts
β epidermodysplasia verruciformis
The list continues at List of MeSH codes (C05).
C04
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List of MeSH codes (C04)
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Dining in is a formal military ceremony for members of a company or other unit, which includes a dinner, drinking, and other events to foster camaraderie and esprit de corps.
The United States Army, the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, and the United States Air Force refer to this event as a dining in or dining-in. The United States Marine Corps refers to it as mess night. Other names include regimental dinner, guest night, formal mess dinner, and band night.
The dining in is a formal event for all unit members, male and female; though some specialized mess nights can be officer- or enlisted-only. The unit chaplain is usually also invited, if an invocation is needed. A unit's dining-in consists of only the members of the unit, with the possible exception of the guest(s) of honor. An optional formal dinner, known as the dining-out may include spouses and other guests. The dining-out follows the same basic rules of the dining-in, but is often tailored to minimize some of the military traditions and be more approachable to civilian guests.
History
The practice of dining in is thought to have formally begun in sixteenth-century England, in monasteries and universities; though some records indicate that militaries have held formal dinners as far back as the Roman Legions. The Vikings held formal ceremonies to honor and celebrate battles and heroes. During the eighteenth century, the British Army incorporated the practice of formal dining into their regimental mess system. Customs and rules of the mess were soon institutionalized rules, known as the "Queen's Regulations". The mess night or "Dining in" became a tradition in all British regiments. The Americans, taking many of their traditions from the British military, held mess nights in the eighteenth and nineteenth century, but the tradition waned after the Civil War.
Dining in took a temporary halt in the Navy and Marine Corps when Navy Secretary Josephus Daniels imposed prohibition of alcoholic drink, but soon the tradition was restored. During World War II, the custom was revived in the U.S. military, initially in the US Army Air Forces 8th Air Force, which was based in Britain. AAF Officers were invited to participate in British military hosted Mess Nights and then were obligated to reciprocate.
British traditions
Formal functions
A formal function is one at which all mess members may be required to attend and service personnel are on official duty.
The entitlements for official functions are:
Officers' Mess
12 Formal Functions per annum. Generally these are 2 x seasonal balls and 10 x other functions (e.g. Mess Dinners) as agreed by mess committees.
Warrant Officers' and Senior Rates/Sergeants' Mess
6 Formal Functions per annum. Generally these are 2 x seasonal balls and 4 x other functions (e.g. Mess Dinners) as agreed by mess committees.
Loyal Toast
The port
decanters are to be placed at pre-determined places and in front of the President and Vice President. The President and Vice President will remove the stoppers simultaneously and pass the decanters in a clockwise direction/to the left. Wine stewards are to follow the decanters round the table with a jug of water, filling the glass of any diner who declines port or madeira. The glasses of the President and Vice President will be filled last, after which they are to re-stop the decanters. All stewards may then be required to leave the dining room before the President calls upon the Vice President to propose the Loyal Toast. Whilst personnel of the Army and Royal Air Force (RAF) stand for the Loyal Toast, those in the Royal Navy (RN) remain seated. While passing the port, RN Senior Rates traditionally ensure the decanter does not leave the table, typically by tipping the decanter to fill a glass held below the table edge, before sliding it to the next guest. In the RAF, it is passed from hand to hand without touching the table. In the Army, it will depend on the traditions of the regiment.
Army
By the late 18th century, the British Army's "mess night" developed formal rules, as a result of troops being stationed in remote areas. Officers elected mess committees to conduct their meals. Towards the latter part of the 19th century, attending officers were expected to adhere to the rigid etiquette of Victorian-era society.
In modern times it is sometimes known as a "regimental dinner".
Royal Navy and Royal Marines
Royal Navy officers have the privilege of remaining seated when toasting the Sovereign. Some sources state that this privilege was granted by William IV. A popular story states that Charles II was on board his namesake ship Royal Charles and had bumped his head on the low overhead of the wardroom when he stood up to reply a toast that had been drunk to him. He stated that henceforth, naval officers would never again rise to toast a British sovereign. In 1964, Queen Elizabeth II extended the privilege to the Royal Marines in honour of their 300th anniversary.
The custom of "dining in" to welcome new officers and "dining out" to farewell retiring officers originated with the British, although the term came about much later. It has been discontinued in some countries such as the United States but is still practised by the Royal Navy.
Toasts at sea
The traditional toasts after dinner for ships at sea are listed below. On certain days, an alternative toast is available but the first one is most usual.
Sunday "Absent friends" or "Absent friends and those at sea"
Monday "Our ship at sea" or "Our native land"
Tuesday "Our sailors"
Wednesday "Ourselves (as no one is likely to concern themselves with our welfare)" or "Ourselves β our swords"
Thursday "A bloody war or a sickly season"
Friday "A willing foe and sea room" "Fox hunting and old port"
Saturday "Our families"
Trafalgar Night
For Trafalgar Night Mess Dinners, the routine varies slightly from a normal dinner night. When the main course is about to be served, the Baron of Beef is first paraded around the table behind a drummer. Similarly, before commencing the service of the sweet, the Ships of the Line are also paraded around the table in a similar fashion to the Beef. The toasts used at dinner on Trafalgar Night are:
His Majesty the King.
The immortal memory of Admiral/Lord Nelson and his comrades.
Our distinguished guests (if appropriate).
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force inherited many mess traditions from the British Army due to their main predecessor, the Royal Flying Corps, being part of the Army. These customs were notably passed on to the US Army Air Forces during World War II as British and American crew served alongside one another in close quarters.
US traditions
Portions of the event tend to become quite humorous in nature, while others remain somber. Etiquette requires a diner to know what is appropriate at any given time.
The dining in follows established protocols. After a brief cocktail period of 30 to 45 minutes, the presiding officer, known as the "President of the Mess", announces, "Please be seated." The group will then retire to the dining area to be seated.
After tasting the meat (usually beef), the President will declare it "tasty and fit for human consumption", after which the meal will be served to the diners. After the dessert is finished, the President will invite the chief steward to bring forth wine and/or punch to be served, and toasting will begin. After the toasts have concluded, the floor will be opened to the levying of fines. The president and the guest of honor will have the opportunity to speak if they so desire. After this, the mess is often then returned to an open cocktail hour, and then the evening concludes with final honors.
Formal toasts
Formal toasts are the heart of the formal dining in. A junior officer, known as "Mr/Madam Vice", proposes a toast to the guests, at which the guests remain seated. After this, various parties will offer toasts to the Commander in Chief, to the heads of state of a visiting or host nations, to their branch of service, to the units, and to the fallen members of the military.
Notice that the United States does not have a king, queen, or Prime Minister, and that the commander in chief and President are the same person.
The final and most solemn toast is always to fallen comrades. Often this tribute is marked with a table setting dedicated to those military members killed, captured, or missing in action.
Some unusual forms of toasting are common to the U.S. and Canadian traditions. In the Toronto Scottish Regiment, for example, a loyal toast to the regiment's Colonel-in-Chief (Currently the Prince of Wales) is performed standing with one foot on the chair and one foot on the dining table, facing a portrait of the C-in-C and drinking after the piper has played. Others, particularly Scottish regiments, perform toasts in the same way with one foot on a chair and one on the table. This is a frequent form of toasting in the United States Marine Corps as well. In the Scottish form, the glass is raised, lowered, brought out, and brought in, as the words of the toast, usually including some form of "Up", "Down", "To you", "To me", are recited, and finally drunk to the cry "Drink it up!" or similar.
Violations of etiquette and other traditions
Violations of the formal etiquette of the dining in are "punished", generally with fines. The following are examples of what could be considered "Violations of the Mess":
untimely arrival at proceedings
smoking at the table before the lighting of the smoking lamp
haggling over date of rank
improper wear of uniform
inverted cummerbund (Note that U.S. Army regulation requires that cummerbunds be worn upside down: i.e. pleats down.)
wearing a clip-on bow tie at an obvious list
gaffes
loud and obtrusive remarks in a foreign language
foul language
discussion on a controversial topic (politics, religion, and women are commonly forbidden topics)
improper toasting procedure
toasting with an uncharged (empty) glass
rising to applaud particularly witty, succinct, sarcastic, or relevant toasts, unless following the example of the President
leaving the dining room without permission from the President of the Mess
carrying cocktails into the dining area before the conclusion of dinner
haggling over penalties or fines imposed
drawing a sword except in ceremony
At some mess nights, violators of the mess are obliged to publicly drink from a grog bowl in front of the mess attendees. The grog is sometimes contained in a toilet bowl, consisting of various alcoholic beverages mixed together. As a more disgusting effect, the grog may also contain floating solids, such as meatballs, raw oysters, or Tootsie Rolls. The tradition of drinking grog originated with the British Navy. Grog consisted of the regulation rum ration diluted with water to discourage binge drinking. In modern times, grog comes in two varieties: alcoholic and non-alcoholic, the latter of which may contain anything that will make it less appealing to the taste, including hot sauce. For additional effect, the drinker may be required to drink from a boot.
In addition to visiting the grog bowl and paying fines, violators may be sentenced to sing songs, tell jokes, do pushups, or perform menial tasks to entertain the mess. In most cases, when a violator has been identified, he or she is given the opportunity to provide a rebuttal or defense for the violation, which rarely results in the violator being excused for the offense, and usually only results in more punishment.
Traditionally, all fines collected throughout the night are split amongst the stewards that served the attendees as a token of appreciation for their efforts. The fines can also be used to pay for the drinks consumed, while some units have used the Mess Night as a fund raiser (often to pay for a ball).
Members of the mess may also be singled out for some good-natured ribbing and teasing. In some units, members go out of their way to be picked on, often wearing obvious uniform violations, such as crowns, tiaras, eye-patches, bowties and cummerbunds of the wrong color, and other items that have no place on any military uniform (although it is common for US Artillerymen to wear red socks, suspenders and even bowties, in a nod to tradition at the expense of uniform regulations). Some will attempt to leave sabotaging evidence on or around others they wish to see fined, so care must be taken to not be the butt of a joke.
Navy and Marine traditions also include that no diner may leave the hall to use the restroom without permission until Mr. Vice suggests that the company "shed a tear for Lord Admiral Nelson", a reference to the fact that his body was preserved in a barrel of brandy after his death at Trafalgar.
Most Messes attempt to furnish the night with military music and marches, with live bands if possible, or recorded music. Depending on how formal the ceremony is, the diners may be required to march to their seats.
In recent times, Marines have established a variant of the mess in a "field environment", substituting in mess dress for utilities and combat equipment (to include camouflage facepaint), canteen cups, and tentage, while still retaining the formal nature of the ceremony.
See also
Mess
Mess dress
Missing man table
Wardroom
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Dining in
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Worcester House may refer to:
Worcester Park House, a now ruined building built in 1607 for or by the 4th Earl of Worcester in Worcester Park in Surrey in the United Kingdom
Worcester House (Lowell), a registered historic place in Lowell, Massachusetts in the United States of America
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Worcester House
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The Tennessee Commissioner of Tourist Development is the head of Tennessee's Department of Tourist Development, which is concerned with attracting tourism to the state. The Commissioner is appointed by the governor of Tennessee and is a member of the governor's Cabinet, which meets at least once per month, or more often to the governor's liking.
The Commissioner, in accordance with the rules of the state publications committee, acts through the tourism division of the Department to collect, compile, and distribute literature relating to the facilities, the advantages and attractions of the state, the historic, recreational, and scenic points and places of interest within the state, and the transportation and highway facilities of the state.
The Commissioner is also authorized to form contracts with agencies of any type that will further objectives of advertising to Tennessee nonresidents, to compile information from state government branches for advertising purposes, and to accept unconditional gifts of money for the Department of Tourist Development's purposes.
The position of Commissioner was created in 1976, along with the Department it heads. The current Commissioner under the Phil Bredesen administration, , is Susan Whitaker. The previous Commissioner under the Don Sundquist administration was John Wade.
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Tennessee Commissioner of Tourist Development
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is a Japanese singer. She debuted as a singer with her husband Ryuji Fujita as the duo Le Couple. Their first album was released in 1994. Fujita made her solo debut in 2001. Her series of Camomile CDs are covers of popular western songs. Rembrandt Sky is her first original album, a collaboration with music producers Toshiyuki Mori, Seiji Kameda and Yoshiyuki Sahashi. Several of her solo albums have charted in Japan, including Camomile Best Audio, which reached number 27 on the Oricon chart. She has also found some success in Southeast Asia.
Emi and Ryuji divorced in February 2007.
Discography
Albums
Camomile (2001)
Camomile Extra (2002)
Camomile Blend (2003)
Lullaby of Camomile: Live in Singapore (2005)
Rembrandt Sky / Emi with MKB (2005)
Camomile Classics (2006)
Camomile Plus (2007)
Camomile Best Audio (2007)
Kokoro no Shokutaku (2008)
Mona Pizza's Song (2008)
Lullaby of Camomile: Concert 2008 HK Special Version LPCD45 (2008)
Camomile Smile (2010)
Singles
"Yumemiru Asa" (2001)
"Kageboushi" (2005)
"Rainbow Bridge" (2007)
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Emi Fujita
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The women's halfpipe event in snowboarding at the 2006 Winter Olympics was held in Bardonecchia, a village in the Province of Turin, Italy. Competition took place on 13 February 2006.
Results
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Snowboarding at the 2006 Winter Olympics β Women's halfpipe
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Nuclear decommissioning is the process leading to the irreversible complete or partial closure of a nuclear facility, usually a nuclear reactor, with the ultimate aim at termination of the operating licence. The process usually runs according to a decommissioning plan, including the whole or partial dismantling and decontamination of the facility, ideally resulting in restoration of the environment up to greenfield status. The decommissioning plan is fulfilled when the approved end state of the facility has been reached.
The process typically takes about 15 to 30 years, or many decades more when an interim safe storage period is applied for radioactive decay. Radioactive waste that remains after the decommissioning is either moved to an on-site storage facility where it is still under control of the owner, or moved to a dry cask storage or disposal facility at another location. The final disposal of nuclear waste from past and future decommissioning is a growing still unsolved problem.
Decommissioning is an administrative and technical process. The facility is dismantled to the point that it no longer requires measures for radiation protection. It includes clean-up of radioactive materials. Once a facility is fully decommissioned, no radiological danger should persist. The license will be terminated and the site released from regulatory control. The plant licensee is then no longer responsible for the nuclear safety.
The costs of decommissioning are to be covered by funds that are provided for in a decommissioning plan, which is part of the facility's initial authorization. They may be saved in a decommissioning fund, such as a trust fund.
There are worldwide also hundreds of thousands small nuclear devices and facilities, for medical, industrial and research purposes, that will have to be decommissioned at some point.
Definition
Nuclear decommissioning is the administrative and technical process leading to the irreversible closure of a nuclear facility such as a nuclear power plant (NPP), a research reactor, an isotope production plant, a particle accelerator, or uranium mine. It refers to the administrative and technical actions taken to remove all or some of the regulatory controls from the facility to bring about that its site can be reused. Decommissioning includes planning, decontamination, dismantling and materials management.
Decommissioning is the final step in the lifecycle of a nuclear installation. It involves activities from shutdown and removal of nuclear material to the environmental restoration of the site. The term decommissioning covers all measures carried out after a nuclear installation has been granted a decommissioning licence until nuclear regulatory supervision is no longer necessary. The aim is ideally to restore the natural initial state that existed before the construction of the nuclear power plant, the so-called greenfield status.
Decommissioning includes all steps as described in the decommissioning plan, leading to the release of a nuclear facility from regulatory control. The decommissioning plan is fulfilled when the approved end state of the facility has been reached. Disposal facilities for radioactive waste are closed rather than decommissioned. The use of the term decommissioning implies that no further use of the facility (or part thereof) for its existing purpose is foreseen. Though decommissioning typically includes dismantling of the facility, it is not necessarily part of it as far as existing structures are reused after decommissioning and decontamination.,p.Β 49-50
From the owner's perspective, the ultimate aim of decommissioning is termination of the operating license, once he has given certainty that the radiation at the site is below the legal limits, which in the US is an annual exposure of 25 millirem in case of releasing of the site to the public for unrestricted use. The site will be dismantled to the point that it no longer requires measures for radiation protection. Once a facility is decommissioned no radioactive danger persists and it can be released from regulatory control.
The complete process usually takes about 20 to 30 years. In the US, the decommissioning must be completed within 60 years of the plant ceasing operations, unless a longer time is necessary to protect public health and safety; up to 50 years are for radioactive decay and 10 years to dismantle the facility.
Steps in the decommissioning process
The decommissioning process encompasses:
pre-decommissioning
development of a decommissioning plan
involvement of the public (in democracies)
application for a decommissioning license
permanent shutdown
removal and disposal of nuclear fuel, coolant(s) and/or moderator
decommissioning
dismantling and decontamination
in the US, a License Termination Plan (LTP) has to be submitted two years prior to (the expected) termination of the plant license.
restoration of the environment
termination of the operating license; turn over responsibilities
monitoring of the site (in case of deferred dismantling/Safstor)
monitoring and maintenance of the interim storage of spent fuel
final disposal of radioactive waste
Decommissioning plan
Under supervision of the IAEA, a member state first developes a decommissioning plan to demonstrate the feasibility of decommissioning and assure that the associated costs are covered. At the final shutdown, a final decommissioning plan describes in detail how the decommissioning will take place, how the facility will be safely dismantled, ensuring radiation protection of the workers and the public, addressing environmental impacts, managing radioactive and non-radioactive materials, and termination of the regulatory authorization. In the EU, decommissioning operations are overseen by Euratom. Member states are assisted by the European Commission.
The progressive demolition of buildings and removal of radioactive material is potentially occupationally hazardous, expensive, time-intensive, and presents environmental risks that must be addressed to ensure radioactive materials are either transported elsewhere for storage or stored on-site in a safe manner.
Disposal of nuclear waste
Radioactive waste that remains after the decommissioning is either moved to an on-site storage facility where it still is under control of the plant owner, or moved to a dry cask storage or disposal facility at another location. The problem of long-term disposal of nuclear waste is still unsolved. Pending the availability of geologic repository sites for long-term disposal, interim storage is necessary. As the planned Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository β like elsewhere in the world β is controversial, on- or off-site storage in the US usually takes place in Independent Spent Fuel Storage Facilities (ISFSI's).
In the UK, all eleven Magnox reactors are in decommissioning under responsibility of the NDA. The spent fuel was removed and transferred to the Sellafield site in Cumbria for reprocessing. Facilities for "temporary" storage of nuclear waste β mainly 'Intermediate Level Waste' (ILW) β are in the UK called Interim Storage Facilities (ISF's).
Environmental impact assessment
The decommission of a nuclear reactor can only take place after the appropriate licence has been granted pursuant to the relevant legislation. As part of the licensing procedure, various documents, reports and expert opinions have to be written and delivered to the competent authority, e.g. safety report, technical documents and an environmental impact assessment (EIA). In the European Union these documents are a precondition for granting such a licence is an opinion by the European Commission according to Article 37 of the Euratom Treaty. On the basis of these general data, the Commission must be in a position to assess the exposure of reference groups of the population in the nearest neighbouring states.
Options
There are several options for decommissioning:
Immediate dismantling (DECON in the United States; )
Shortly after the permanent shutdown, the dismantling and/or decontamination of the facility begins. Equipment, structures, systems and components that contain radioactive material are removed and/or decontaminated to a level that permits the ending of regulatory control of the facility and its release, either for unrestricted use or with restrictions on its future use.,p.Β 50 The operating license is terminated.
Deferred dismantling (SAFSTOR in the United States; "care and maintenance" (C&M) in the UK)
The final decommissioning is postponed for a longer period, usually 30 to 50Β years. Often the non-nuclear part of the facility is dismantled and the fuel removed immediately. The radioactive part is maintained and monitored in a condition that allows the radioactivity to decay. Afterwards, the plant is dismantled and the property decontaminated to levels that permit release for unrestricted or restrict use. In the US, the decommissioning must be completed within 60 years. With deferred dismantling, costs are shifted to the future, but this entails the risk of rising expenditures for decades to come and changing rules. Moreover, the site cannot be re-used until the decommissioning is finished, while there are no longer revenues from production.
Partial entombment
The US has introduced the so-called In Situ Decommissioning (ISD) closures. All aboveground structures are dismantled; all remaining belowground structures are entombed by grouting all spaces. Advantages are lower decommissioning costs and safer execution. Disadvantages are main components remaining undismantled and definitively inaccessible. The site has to be monitored indefinitely.
This method was implemented at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina for the closure of the P and R Reactors. With this method, the cost of decommissioning for each reactor was about $73Β million. In comparison, the decommissioning of each reactor using traditional methods would have been an estimated $250Β million. This resulted in a 71% decrease in cost. Other examples are the Hallam nuclear reactor and the Experimental Breeder Reactor II.
Complete entombment
The facility will not be dismantled. Instead it is entombed and maintained indefinitely, and surveillance is continued until the entombed radioactive waste is decayed to a level permitting termination of the license and unrestricted release of the property. The licensee maintains the license previously issued. This option is likely the only possible one in case of a nuclear disaster where the reactor is destroyed and dismantling is impossible or too dangerous. An example of full entombment is the Chernobyl reactor.
In IAEA terms, entombment is not considered an acceptable strategy for decommissioning a facility following a planned permanent shutdown, except under exceptional circumstances, such as a nuclear disaster. In that case, the structure has to be maintained and surveillance continued until the radioactive material is decayed to a level permitting termination of the licence and unrestricted release of the structure.,p.Β 50
Costs
The calculation of the total cost of decommissioning is challenging, as there are large differences between countries regarding inclusion of certain costs, such as on-site storage of fuel and radioactive waste from decommissioning, dismanting of non-radioactive buildings and structures, and transport and (final) disposal of radioactive waste.,p.Β 61
Moreover, estimates of future costs of deferred decommissioning are virtually impossible, due to the long periode, where inflation and rising costs are unpredictable. Nuclear decommissioning projects are characterized by high and highly variable costs, long schedule and a range of risks. Compared with non-nuclear decommissioning, additional costs are usually related with radiological hazards and safety & security requirements, but also with higher wages for requiered higher qualified personal. Benchmarking, comparing projects in different countries, may be useful in estimating the cost of decommissioning. While, for instance, costs for spent fuel and high-level-waste management significantly impacts the budget and schedule of decommissioning projects, it is necessary to clarify which is the starting and the ending point of the decommissioning process.
The effective decommissioning activities begin after all nuclear fuel has been removed from the plant areas that will be decommissioned and these activities form a critical component of pre-decommissioning operations, thus should be factored into the decommissioning plan. The chosen option β immediate or deferred decommissioning β impacts the overall costs. Many other factors also influence the cost. A 2018 KPMG article about decommissioning costs observes that many entities do not include the cost of managing spent nuclear fuel, removed from the plant areas that will be decommissioned (in the US routinely stored in ISFSIs).
In 2004, in a meeting in Vienna, the International Atomic Energy Agency estimated the total cost for the decommissioning of all nuclear facilities.
Decommissioning of all nuclear power reactors in the world would require US$187Β billion; US$71 billion for fuel cycle facilities; less than US$7Β billion for all research reactors; and US$640Β billion for dismantling all military reactors for the production of weapons-grade plutonium, research fuel facilities, nuclear reprocessing chemical separation facilities, etc.
The total cost to decommission the nuclear fission industry in the World (from 2001 to 2050) was estimated at US$1Β trillion. Market Watch estimated (2019) the global decommissioning costs in the nuclear sector in the range of US$1Β billion to US$1.5Β billion per 1,000-megawatt plant.
The huge costs of research and development for (geological) longterm disposal of nuclear waste are collectively defrayed by the taxpayers in different countries, not by the companies.
Decommissioning funds
The costs of decommissioning are to be covered by funds that are provided for in a decommissioning plan, which is part of the facility's initial authorization, before the start of the operations. In this way, it is ensured that there will be sufficient money to pay for the eventual decommissioning of the facility. This may for example be through saving in a trust fund or a guarantee from the parent company
Switzerland has a central fund for decommissioning its five nuclear power reactors, and another one for disposal the nuclear waste. Germany has also a state-owned fund for decommissioning of the plants and managing radioactive waste, for which the reactor owners have to pay. The UK Government (the taxpayers) will pay most of the costs for both nuclear decommissioning and existing waste.
The decommissioning of all Magnox reactors is entirely funded by the state.
Since 2010, owners of new nuclear plants in the Netherlands are obliged to set up a decommissioning fund before construction is started.
Underfunding
The economic costs of decommissioning will increase as more
assets reach the end of their life, but few operators have put aside sufficient funds.
In 2016 the European Commission assessed that European Union's nuclear decommissioning liabilities were seriously underfunded by about 118Β billion euros, with only 150Β billion euros of earmarked assets to cover 268Β billion euros of expected decommissioning costs covering both dismantling of nuclear plants and storage of radioactive parts and waste.
In Feb 2017, a committee of the French parliament warned that the state-controlled EDF has underestimated the costs for decommissioning. France had set aside only β¬23Β billion for decommissioning and waste storage of its 58 reactors, which was less than a third of 74Β billion in expected costs, while the UK's NDA estimated that clean-up of UK's 17 nuclear sites will cost between β¬109-β¬250Β billion. EDF estimated the total cost at β¬54Β billion. According to the parliamentary commission, the clean-up of French reactors will take longer, be more challenging and cost much more than EDF anticipates. It said that EDF showed "excessive optimism" concerning the decommissioning. EDF values some β¬350Β million per reactor, whereas European operators count with between 900Β million and 1.3Β billion euros per reactor. The EDF's estimate was primarily based on the single historic example of the already dismantled Chooz A reactor. The committee argued that costs like restoration of the site, removal of spent fuel, taxes and insurance and social costs should be included.
Similar concerns about underfunding exist in the United States, where the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has located apparent decommissioning funding assurance shortfalls and requested 18 power plants to address that issue. The decommissioning cost of Small modular reactors is expected to be twice as much respect to Large Reactors.
Examples by country
In France, decommissioning of Brennilis Nuclear Power Plant, a fairly small 70Β MW power plant, already cost β¬480Β million (20x the estimate costs) and is still pending after 20Β years.
Despite the huge investments in securing the dismantlement, radioactive elements such as plutonium, caesium-137 and cobalt-60 leaked out into the surrounding lake.
In the UK, the decommissioning of civil nuclear assets were estimated to be Β£99 to Β£232Β billion (2020), earlier in 2005 under-estimated to be Β£20-40Β billion. The Sellafield site (Calder Hall, Windscale and the reprocessing facility) alone accounts for most of the decommissioning cost and increase in cost;
as of 2015, the costs were estimated Β£53.2Β billion. In 2019, the estimate was even much higher: Β£97Β billion. A 2013 estimate by the United Kingdom's Nuclear Decommissioning Authority predicted costs of at least Β£100Β billion to decommission the 19 existing United Kingdom nuclear sites.
In Germany, decommissioning of Niederaichbach nuclear power plant, a 100Β MW power plant, amounted to more than β¬143Β million.
Lithuania has increased the prognosis of decommissioning costs from β¬2019Β million in 2010 to β¬3376Β million in 2015.
United States
The decommissioning can only be completed after the on-site storage of nuclear waste has been ended. Under the 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act, a "Nuclear Waste Fund", funded by tax on electricity was established to build a geologic repository. In May 2016, collection of the fee was suspended after a complaint by owners and operators of nuclear power plants. By 2021, the Fund had a balance of more than $44Β billion, including interest. Later, the Fund has been put back into the general fund and is being used for other purposes. As the plan for the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository has been canceled, DOE announced in 2021 the establishing of an interim repository for nuclear waste.
Because the government has failed to establish a central repository, the federal government pays about half-a-billion dollars a year to the utilities as penalty, to compensate the cost of storage at more than 80 ISFSI sites in 35 states as of 2021. As of 2021, the government had paid $9Β billion to utility companies for their interim storage costs, which may grow to $31Β billion or more.
Nuclear waste costed the American taxpayers through the Department of Energy (DOE) budget as of 2018 about $30Β billion per year, $18Β billion for βnuclear power and $12Β billion for waste from nuclear weapons programs.
KPMG estimated the total cost of decommissioning the US nuclear fleet as of 2018 to be greater than US$150Β billion. About two-thirds can be attributed to costs for termination of the NRC operating licence; 25% to management of spent fuel; and 10% to site restoration. The decommissioning of only the three uranium enrichment facilities would have an estimated cost (2004) of US$18.7 to 62Β billion, with an additional US$2 to 6Β billion for the dismantling of a large inventory of depleted uranium hexafluoride. The cost will exceed the revenues by billions.
International collaboration
Organizations that promote the international sharing of information, knowledge, and experiences related to nuclear decommissioning include the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Nuclear Energy Agency and the European Atomic Energy Community. In addition, an online system called the Deactivation and Decommissioning Knowledge Management Information Tool was developed under the United States Department of Energy and made available to the international community to support the exchange of ideas and information. The goals of international collaboration in nuclear decommissioning are to reduce decommissioning costs and improve worker safety.
Decommissioning of ships, mobile reactors, and military reactors
Many warships and a few civil ships have used nuclear reactors for propulsion. Former Soviet and American warships have been taken out of service and their power plants removed or scuttled. Dismantling of Russian submarines and ships and American submarines and ships is ongoing. Russia has a fleet of nuclear-powered vessels in decommissioning, dumped in the Barents Sea. Estimated cost for the decommissioning of the two K-27 and K-159 submarines alone was β¬300Β million (2019), or $330Β million. Marine power plants are generally smaller than land-based electrical generating stations.
The biggest American military nuclear facility for the production of weapons-grade plutonium was Hanford site (in the State of Washington), now defueled, but in a slow and problematic process of decontamination, decommissioning, and demolition. There is "the canyon", a large structure for the chemical extraction of plutonium with the PUREX process. There are also many big containers and underground tanks with a solution of water, hydrocarbons and uranium-plutonium-neptunium-cesium-strontium (all highly radioactive). With all reactors now defueled, some were put in SAFSTOR (with their cooling towers demolished). Several reactors have been declared National Historic Landmarks.
List of inactive or decommissioned civil nuclear reactors
A wide range of nuclear facilities have been decommissioned so far. The number of decommissioned nuclear reactors out of the List of nuclear reactors is small. As May 2022, about 700 nuclear reactors have been retired from operation in several early and intermediate stages (cold shut-down, defueling, SAFSTOR, internal demolition), but only about 25 have been taken to fully "greenfield status". Many of these sites still host spent nuclear fuel in the form of dry casks embedded in concrete filled steel drums.
As of 2017, most nuclear plants operating in the United States were designed for a life of about 30β40 years and are licensed to operate for 40 years by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. As of 2020, the average age of these reactors was about 39 years. Many plants are coming to the end of their licensing period and if their licenses are not renewed, they must go through a decontamination and decommissioning process.
Generally are not included the costs of storage of nuclear waste, including spent fuel, and maintenance of the storage facility, pending the realization of repository sites for long-term disposal,p.Β 246 (in the US Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installations (ISFSI's). Thus many entities do not include the cost of managing spent nuclear fuel, removed from the plant areas that will be decommissioned. There are, however, large differences between countries regarding inclusion of certain costs, such as on-site storage of fuel and radioactive waste from decommissioning, dismanting of non-radioactive buildings and structures, and transport and (final) disposal of radioactive waste.,p.Β 61
The year of costs may refer to the value corrected for exchange rates and inflation until that year (e.g. 2020-dollars).
The stated power in the list is preferably given in design net capacity (reference unit power) in MWe, similar to the List of commercial nuclear reactors.
United Kingdom
United States
See also
Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
Marcoule Nuclear Site in France
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
Nuclear entombment
Ship-Submarine Recycling Program
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Nuclear decommissioning
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Live in London is a live album from Deep Purple. It was recorded on 22 May 1974 at Gaumont State Theatre in Kilburn, London by the BBC for radio broadcast, but was unreleased on vinyl until 1982. It features the Mk 3 lineup of Blackmore/Coverdale/Hughes/
Lord/Paice during the tour for their album Burn.
At one point during the album, keyboardist Jon Lord jokingly refers to himself as "Rick Emerson" while introducing the band. This is a combination of the first and last name of the keyboardists for progressive rock bands Yes and Emerson, Lake, and Palmer, which are Rick Wakeman and Keith Emerson, respectively.
Track listing
All songs written by Ritchie Blackmore, David Coverdale, Glenn Hughes*, Jon Lord and Ian Paice, except where indicated. (*) Glenn Hughes is credited on the 2007 release.
Original release on vinyl
The 2003 CD Reissue
The reissued CD edition was released by Purple Records on 30 December 2003 in Japan. This 2 CD reissue included the whole show, with the addition of previously unreleased 30-minute "Space Truckin'"
The 2007 2CD Remaster
The remastered CD edition with the whole show was released by EMI on 3 September 2007 in Europe and some other markets. There is no word yet on an American release.
Personnel
Deep Purple
Ritchie Blackmore β guitar
David Coverdale β lead vocals
Glenn Hughes β bass, vocals
Jon Lord β keyboards
Ian Paice β drums
Additional personnel
Martin Birch β Engineer
Peter Mew β Original album remastering
Charts
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Live in London (Deep Purple album)
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"Next to You" is a song written by Sting and recorded by The Police as the opening track on their debut album Outlandos d'Amour in 1978.
The song was performed regularly on the early Police tours, and Sting later included it during his 'Broken Music' tour in 2005β2006. It was the song performed for the second encore during The Police's 2007 Reunion tour. In the Paris show (on 29 September), former band member Henry Padovani joined the band on stage to play this song. "Next to You" is the last song The Police played live together.
When Sting originally presented the song to his bandmates, they felt it was neither aggressive nor political enough for the early punk sensibility of The Police. Andy Summers and Stewart Copeland suggested replacing the lyrics, with Summers offering "I'm going to take a gun to you". Sting vetoed this and kept his original love song lyrics instead. The song also includes a slide guitar solo which Copeland dismissed as "old wave," yet Summers shared that as of 2000, he was still getting letters "about that brilliant slide guitar solo".
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Next to You (The Police song)
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The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves, sacral nerves, and coccygeal nerve form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic. For descriptive purposes this plexus is usually divided into three parts:
lumbar plexus
sacral plexus
pudendal plexus
Injuries to the lumbosacral plexus are predominantly witnessed as bone injuries. Lumbosacral trunk and sacral plexus palsies are common injury patterns.
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Lumbosacral plexus
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The Hungarian placename FehΓ©rvΓ‘r ("white castle") may refer to:
SzΓ©kesfehΓ©rvΓ‘r, city located in central Hungary,
DnyeszterfehΓ©rvΓ‘r, city and port of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Odesa Oblast, Ukraine
GyulafehΓ©rvΓ‘r, city located in Transylvania, Romania
NΓ‘ndorfehΓ©rvΓ‘r, the old Hungarian name of Belgrade, Serbia
TengerfehΓ©rvΓ‘r, city and municipality of Biograd na Moru in northern Dalmatia, Croatia
Videoton FC FehΓ©rvΓ‘r, football club from SzΓ©kesfehΓ©rvΓ‘r, Hungary
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FehΓ©rvΓ‘r
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Type H Tightlock couplers are a variety of Janney coupler, typically used on North American mainline passenger rail cars. They have mechanical features that reduce slack in normal operation and prevent telescoping in derailments, yet remain compatible with other Janney types used by North American freight railroads.
Like all Janney couplers, the Tightlock is "semi-automatic". The couplers automatically lock when cars are pushed together, but workers must go between cars to hook up the air lines for the pneumatic brakes and connect cables for head-end power and other communications. To separate cars, a worker must use a lever to move the locking pin that keeps the coupler closed.
In Europe, some operators experimented with making fully automatic tightlock couplers by adding integral pneumatic and electric connectors, but these connections proved unreliable, and most have switched to the more common fully automatic Scharfenberg coupler.
Janney Type H Tightlock coupler standards were established by the Association of American Railroads, which transferred the standard to the American Public Transportation Association in 1971 when passenger service was nationalized in the United States from most private railway companies to Amtrak.
On a standard-gauge railway, the nominal mounting height for the coupler (rail top to coupler center) is , with a maximum height on empty cars and minimum height on loaded cars.
AAR Type F
AAR Type F Vertical InterLock couplers, often mistaken for the Type H Tightlock, are another variety, typical on North American gondola wagons that go through rotary dumpers.
Tightlock use in the United Kingdom
Type H couplers are in widespread use on multiple unit passenger trains in the UK built from the mid 1970s onwards. The previous generation of slam door units fitted with Buckeye/Henricot couplers had required a shunter to get down onto the track and stand between the two units to manually trip the coupler mechanism as well as connect or disconnect the air pipes and electrical jumper leads. In order to reduce staffing costs and cut down station dwell times, British Rail looked to incorporate an automatic coupler mechanism in its new power-door trains. Class 313 units were the first stock to incorporate this. Air-operated Tightlock couplers were chosen, together with underslung electrical connector boxes controlled by a Drum switch, and this allowed drivers to single-handedly attach or split a train without having to leave the cab.
Classes of train equipped included:
Class 313
Class 314
Class 315
Class 317
Class 318
Class 319
Class 320
Class 321
Class 322
Class 323
Class 365
Class 465
Class 466
Class 507
Class 508
Tightlock was generally a success in the UK, but there were reliability issues and some notable incidents occurred where trains divided in service. The constant couple-uncouple cycles of heavy London commuter services caused the couplers' mechanisms to wear out faster than expected. Connex South Eastern's Networker fleet was particularly susceptible to this and the company blamed its drivers in the media, then changed its coupling instructions to drivers to include a "push-on, pull off" power test and visual inspection to ensure that the knuckles had engaged fully.
By the early 2000s the first batch of Bombardier Electrostar Class 375s had been built with Tightlock couplers for Connex South Central and Connex South Eastern, but it was quickly decided that Dellner couplings would be preferable. All subsequent units were built with these, and their earlier examples were eventually modified.
All multiple-unit trains built for the UK since then have been equipped with Dellner couplings.
Gallery
See also
Changes to the Janney coupler since 1873
Draft gear
Drawbar
Gangway connection
Jane's World Railways, lists the coupler(s) used on any railway system
Length over headstocks
Multi-function couplers
Railway coupling
Railway coupling by country
Rotary car dumper
Safety of tank cars
Slack action
Three-point hitch
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Tightlock coupling
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The Don Coleman Coliseum is an indoor arena operated by the Spring Branch Independent School District and located in Houston, Texas, United States. Completed in 1974 at a cost of $1.3 million, the facility seats 5,000 for events that have included high school sports, a visit by Gerald Ford in 1976, and the 1984 Trans-America Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament.
Originally christened the Spring Branch Community Coliseum, it was renamed in 1992 for local basketball coaching icon Don Coleman. He was the coach of nearby Memorial High School boys basketball for 37 years.
It has served as the place for graduates in the Spring Branch Independent School District to graduate each year, instead of Reliant Stadium as used by other schools in the Harris County area.
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Don Coleman Coliseum
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A leadership election is a political contest held in various countries by which the members of a political party determine who will be the leader of their party.
Generally, any political party can determine its own rules governing how and when a leadership election is to be held for that party. In the United Kingdom, for example:
A leadership election may be required at intervals set by party rules, or it may be held in response to a certain proportion of those eligible to vote expressing a lack of confidence in the current leadership. In the UK Conservative Party, for example, "a leadership election can be triggered by a vote of no confidence by Conservative MPs in their current leader".
Strictly speaking, a leadership election is a completely internal affair. An intra-party election held to select its candidates for external offices, such as a president, governor, prime minister or member of a legislature is called a primary election.
Leadership elections have great importance in parliamentary systems, where the chief executive (e.g.: a Prime Minister) derives their mandate from a parliamentary majority and the party's internal leaders hold frontbench positions within the parliament, if not outright serving in a ministerial post β whether as Prime Minister in the case of the leading government party, or another Ministerial post for junior coalition partners. For that reason, most parliamentary systems do not hold dedicated Prime Ministerial primaries at all, but simply select their internal leader as their candidate for Prime Minister.
However, leadership elections are often similar to primary elections in that in the vast majority of instances, a party's leader will become prime minister (in a federal election) or premier/chief minister/first minister (in a province, state, territory, or other first-level administrative subdivision) should their party enter government with the most seats. Thus, a leadership election is also often considered to be one for the party's de facto candidate for prime minister or premier/chief minister/first minister, just as a primary is one for a party's candidate for president.
An electoral alliance, which is composed of multiple parties each with its own separate leader and organs, may also hold a common Prime Ministerial primary as in the 2021 Hungarian opposition primary, or a single party may wish to retain its leader but select someone else as its Prime Ministerial candidate, as the Portuguese Socialist Party has done in 2014.
In presidential and semi-presidential systems, the chief executive (the President) can only be removed by an impeachment procedure, which can only be initiated in specific situations and by a special procedure (typically involving a legislative supermajority, an investigation by a constitutional court, or both), and removal entails either a snap election or automatic succession to office by a Vice president. As a result, leadership elections are largely background events, as the ruling party's policies are determined by the President, not by the party's internal leader. However, some systems allow one person to serve as both the President and the leader of the ruling party simultaneously, or even mandate it (such as the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan).
However, this is not entirely comparable to the parliamentary situation, as the majority and minority leaders of political parties in presidential systems are not the chief executive of their country (as a prime minister would be), but are rather officers of the legislative branch of their country, a position similar to the floor leader (which similarly is a post subservient to the prime minister) of a political party in a parliamentary system which likewise doesn't hold mass enfranchised elections for such a post.
North America
Canada
2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election
2020 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election
2019 Bloc QuΓ©bΓ©cois leadership election
2017 New Democratic Party leadership election
2020 Green Party of Canada leadership election
2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election
2022 Green Party of Canada leadership election
Trinidad and Tobago
2022 People's National Movement internal election
2022 United National Congress internal election
Europe
Austria
2023 Social Democratic Party of Austria leadership election
Croatia
Social Democratic Party of Croatia
Elections in the Social Democratic Party of Croatia
Finland
2017 Finns Party leadership election
Germany
2021 Christian Democratic Union of Germany leadership election
2019 Social Democratic Party of Germany leadership election
Greece
2015β16 New Democracy leadership election
2017 Greek centre-left leadership election
Ireland
Fine Gael
2017 Fine Gael leadership election
Labour Party
2016 Labour Party leadership election (Ireland)
Fianna FΓ‘il
1959 Fianna FΓ‘il leadership election
1966 Fianna FΓ‘il leadership election
1979 Fianna FΓ‘il leadership election
1992 Fianna FΓ‘il leadership election
1994 Fianna FΓ‘il leadership election
2008 Fianna FΓ‘il leadership election
2011 Fianna FΓ‘il leadership election
Italy
2013 Lega Nord leadership election
2017 Five Star Movement leadership election
2017 Italian Left leadership election
2017 Lega Nord leadership election
2019 More Europe leadership election
2021 More Europe leadership election
2021 Five Star Movement leadership election
Democratic Party
2007 Democratic Party (Italy) leadership election
2009 Democratic Party (Italy) leadership election
2013 Democratic Party (Italy) leadership election
2017 Democratic Party (Italy) leadership election
2019 Democratic Party (Italy) leadership election
Netherlands
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy leadership election, 2006
2020 Christian Democratic Appeal leadership election
2006 Democrats 66 leadership election
2016 Labour Party (Netherlands) leadership election
Portugal
2020 Portuguese Social Democratic Party leadership election
Spain
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party: (2017)
People's Party: (2018)
Podemos: (2020)
United Kingdom
2019 British National Party leadership election
October 2022 Conservative Party leadership election
June 2021 Democratic Unionist Party leadership election
2021 Green Party of England and Wales leadership election
2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
2020 Liberal Democrats leadership election
2023 Scottish National Party leadership election
2015 Social Democratic and Labour Party leadership election
2021 UK Independence Party leadership election
Conservative Party
1965 Conservative Party leadership election
1975 Conservative Party leadership election
1989 Conservative Party leadership election
1990 Conservative Party leadership election
1995 Conservative Party leadership election
1997 Conservative Party leadership election
2001 Conservative Party leadership election
2003 Conservative Party leadership election
2005 Conservative Party leadership election
2016 Conservative Party leadership election
2019 Conservative Party leadership election
JulyβSeptember 2022 Conservative Party leadership election
October 2022 Conservative Party leadership election
Labour Party
1922 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
1931 Labour Party leadership election
1932 Labour Party leadership election
1935 Labour Party leadership election
1955 Labour Party leadership election
1960 Labour Party leadership election
1961 Labour Party leadership election
1963 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
1976 Labour Party leadership election
1980 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
1988 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
1992 Labour Party leadership election
1994 Labour Party leadership election
2007 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
2010 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
Liberal Party/Social Democrats/Liberal Democrats
1967 Liberal Party leadership election
1976 Liberal Party leadership election
1982 Social Democratic Party leadership election
1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election
1999 Liberal Democrats leadership election
2006 Liberal Democrats leadership election
2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election
2015 Liberal Democrats leadership election
2017 Liberal Democrats leadership election
2019 Liberal Democrats leadership election
2020 Liberal Democrats leadership election
Africa
South Africa
African National Congress
54th National Conference of the African National Congress
Democratic Alliance
2020 Democratic Alliance Federal Congress
Asia
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Democratic Progressive Party
2006 Democratic Progressive Party chairmanship election
2008 Democratic Progressive Party chairmanship election
Kuomintang
2001 Kuomintang chairmanship election
2005 Kuomintang chairmanship election
2007 Kuomintang chairmanship election
2009 Kuomintang chairmanship election
2013 Kuomintang chairmanship election
2015 Kuomintang chairmanship election
2016 Kuomintang chairmanship election
2017 Kuomintang chairmanship election
2020 Kuomintang chairmanship election
2021 Kuomintang chairmanship election
Israel
Israeli Labor Party
1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election
2007 Israeli Labor Party leadership election
2011 Israeli Labor Party leadership election
2013 Israeli Labor Party leadership election
2017 Israeli Labor Party leadership election
2019 Israeli Labor Party leadership election
2021 Israeli Labor Party leadership election
Kadima
2008 Kadima leadership election
2012 Kadima leadership election
Likud
2012 Likud leadership election
2014 Likud leadership election
2019 Likud leadership election
Oceania
Australia
Australian Labor Party
2019 Australian Labor Party leadership election
October 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership election
New Zealand
New Zealand Labour Party
2017 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election
2014 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election
See also
Primary elections, a similar concept used to select a party's candidates for external office instead of its internal leadership
Leadership convention (Canada)
Leadership spill (Australia)
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Leadership election
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Gary Sherman (born 28 August 1945) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer from Chicago, Illinois. He is best known for his prolific work in the horror film genre, directing films such as Death Line, Dead & Buried, and Poltergeist III.
Life and career
Sherman began his career directing short films, commercials, industrials, and documentaries while still an undergraduate at IIT's Institute of Design. After graduating, Gary moved to London, England, where he continued directing commercials and also co-wrote and directed his first feature film, Death Line starring Donald Pleasence. The British Film Institute called this debut "The Most Significant Directorial Debut of the Year".
In 1979 Sherman filmed the television movie Mysterious Two based on the exploits of Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Nettles, the then relatively unknown leaders of the Heaven's Gate cult, though it was not aired until 1982.
Upon relocating to Los Angeles, California, he continued writing and collaborating on many feature scripts. He also wrote and directed several television pilots. Avco-Embassy producer Ronald Shusett asked Sherman to direct the 1981 horror film Dead & Buried, and Sherman followed that film with the action-thriller Vice Squad shot by Stanley Kubrick's DP John Alcott. Like Death Line, these films often polarized critics and audiences and have since gone on to become genre classics.
Next he co-wrote and directed the thriller Wanted: Dead or Alive starring Rutger Hauer and Gene Simmons. Teamed with Gene, the award-winning Rock Against Drugs public service campaign for MTV came about as well as the pilot for the ABC series Sable.
His next project was Poltergeist III for MGM, which was shot on location in Chicago between AprilβJune 1987 (with a theatrical release scheduled for June, 1988). After the completed film was rated PG by the MPAA in November 1987, Sherman and the studio decided to re-shoot at least part of the ending with a different special effects sequence. Planning and design for the new SFX make-ups took place between December 1987 and January 1988, with a possible shooting date set for early February. However, Heather O'Rourke, the child star of the film, died on February 1. Initially Sherman did not want to complete the film, but pressure from the studio prevailed, and the entire ending was re-shot in March, 1988 using a body double stand in for O'Rourke. In April, a re-edited version of the film including the new ending was submitted to the MPAA, after which it received a PG-13 rating. The finished film proved to be a critical and box office failure. Sherman has said that although he is proud of portions of the movie (particularly the creative use of mechanical "in camera" effects instead of the traditional optical effects often seen in movies of that genre), it is the least favorite of his films.
After Poltergeist III, Sherman did a string of TV pilots and television films that he wrote, produced and/or directed, as well as writing and directing the thriller Lisa for MGM.
Sherman went on to produce, direct, and write the pilot for the ABC TV series Missing Persons. After producing that series for its duration, he went on to co-executive produce the MGM/Showtime series Poltergeist: The Legacy.
For New Line Cinema and Fox TV, Sherman wrote and was executive producer for the film The Glow as well as penning the script Toxic Love, also for Fox TV.
Since 2000, when Death Line was chosen by a panel of British critics as one of "The Ten Most Important British Horror Films of the 20th Century" then was subsequently screened at Lincoln Center, many fans, including one of his most ardent, director Guillermo del Toro, have been trying to get Sherman to return to his roots, directing horror. But except for a 2006 foray into an experiment with new media, 39 - A Film by Carroll McKane, he is concentrating on areas that do not involve "dead, kill or maim."
In 2007, Sherman began teaching producing and directing classes at Columbia College Chicago.
Filmography
Theatrical films
Television films
Television series
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Gary Sherman (director)
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Chelsea Building Society is a trading name of Yorkshire Building Society based in Bradford, West Yorkshire. Chelsea merged with the Yorkshire in 2010, at which point Chelsea was the fourth largest building society in the United Kingdom, with assets in excess of Β£13 billion and 35 branches, mainly in the southern areas of England, particularly in London.
Chelsea now forms part of the Yorkshire Building Society Group, alongside Yorkshire Building Society and the Norwich and Peterborough Building Society. In January 2016, Yorkshire Building Society announced that seven of the Chelsea's branches would close, with the remainder rebranded as Yorkshire. This essentially means Chelsea is an online only brand and currently provides basic savings accounts and mortgage products.
History
Chelsea was first established in 1875 as the London & Camberwell Building Society. Three years later, in 1878, the Borough of Chelsea Permanent Building Society was formed. Over the years both societies merged with smaller societies and on 31 December 1966 the two societies merged to create a new society with assets of Β£30 million. The new society was called the Chelsea and South London Building Society until April 1971 when the name was changed to Chelsea Building Society.
It was a member of the Building Societies Association and operated mainly in South East England with a network of 35 branches.
Following the merger in 1966, the administrative headquarters were in Streatham, with the registered office at 110 Kings Road, Chelsea. In 1973, having outgrown the accommodation at Streatham, the administrative headquarters moved to Thirlestaine Hall in Cheltenham. On 1 July 1988 Chelsea completed a merger with the City of London Building Society, with the name Chelsea remaining unaffected.
In 2005 Chelsea opened a purpose-built customer contact centre close to the Head Office at the former Charlton Kings railway station as a commitment to keep its call centres UK based, which won environmental awards for its use of geothermal heating, green building and "green" credentials. Its two offices in Cheltenham employed over eight hundred staff.
In February 2007 the society acquired Britannia Capital Securities, a medium-sized independent firm of secured loan and mortgage brokers operating in the UK, in order to further diversify their lending. The society remained operational during the 2007 United Kingdom floods, despite having no running water for several weeks.
On 7 June 2008 it was announced by both Catholic Building Society and Chelsea Building Society that they were to merge.
The merger between the Chelsea and the Catholic Building Society completed on 31 December 2008.
Merger with the Yorkshire Building Society
On 1 December 2009, Chelsea announced that it was in advanced merger talks with Yorkshire Building Society. The following day they announced a formal merger. At a Special General Meeting in Bradford on 23 January 2010, Yorkshire Building Society members approved the merger proposal.
The merger completed on 1 April 2010. Shortly afterwards, Yorkshire announced the closure of Chelsea's operational presence at the original Cheltenham Head Office in Thirlestaine Road by 2011, relocating the remaining staff to the second, smaller site at the former Charlton Kings railway station. The Thirlestaine Hall site was acquired in 2012 to build a gated housing estate and care home, known as Thirlestaine Park. Much of what Chelsea had constructed to accommodate its business needs was demolished and the Grade 2 listed Thirlestaine Hall was converted into luxury flats, with the copper-domed observatory preserved.
In January 2016, it was announced that seven of the Chelsea's branches would close by September, with the rest to be rebranded under the Yorkshire brand. Products and services under the Chelsea brand would continue to be available online and by telephone.
The second smaller Head Office site gradually reduced its staff as it transitioned functions to the Yorkshire Head Office in Bradford. The Charlton Kings offices were officially closed at the end of 2019. It was later sold to Spirax-Sarco Engineering who moved into the building in 2021.
Factors leading to the merger with the Yorkshire
As the Financial crisis of 2007β2008 intensified, several of Chelsea's weaknesses in its business model and risks that it had taken in preceding years began to affect the financial stability of the Society.
On 10 October 2008, Chelsea revealed Β£55 million of its liquid assets (1.55%) were invested in the troubled Icelandic banks. While the amount involved was only a small percentage of assets, it represented almost one year's operating profit for Chelsea.
In response to the Financial crisis the Bank of England drastically cut the Base Rate. This generally results in lenders reducing the rates they pay on their savings products and lowering the rates charged to borrowers. However, Chelsea had for several years focused on offering fixed-rate bonds to its savers. Many of them market-leading and regularly appearing in "best buys". On the one hand this helped the Society to plan longer-term by securing money for a fixed period at a fixed rate. However some of these bonds were paying in excess of 6%, meaning due to the unforeseen cut in the Base Rate they were now costing Chelsea money.
In February 2007, Chelsea had brought Britannia Capital Securities to further develop its lending into Sub Prime markets. Once the Financial crisis took hold this had two negative consequences. Firstly, the business had been brought at a high cost, and due to the broader financial crisis, Sub Prime lending was effectively banned due to its high risk. Therefore, the purchase of Britannia Capital Securities did not provide the Society with the profit and return on the investment they had hoped for. Secondly, the customers who had already taken out sub prime loans and mortgages were essentially customers with previous credit issues and were more likely to default on loans than prime customers, especially during a recession. This was a long-term uncertainty that Chelsea had to take into consideration and make provisions for.
In August 2009 it was revealed Chelsea had written off Β£41m in "potentially fraudulent loans", mainly from its Buy to Let mortgage book which had been underwritten between 2006 and 2008. Although Chelsea wasn't the only lender to be targeted by Buy to Let fraud, its lending criteria and poor due diligence on the properties it was loaning money on, had allowed it to take place.
Although Chelsea had made an underlying operating profit that year of Β£18m and the fraudulent loans did not necessarily equate to a Β£41m loss by writing off the fraudulent loans it caused the Society to report an overall loss for the second year running.
The above issues caused confidence in the Society to fall, both with members and rating agencies such as Moody's Corporation who downgraded their rating to "Baa3". This lower rating made it significantly more challenging for the Society to attract deposits.
Due to the ongoing issues, the Chief Executive, Richard Hornbrook, left the Society and a temporary Chief Executive, Stuart Bernau, was appointed in August 2009. His role was also to conduct a systematic review of Chelsea's future. The findings were announced to the press in the week beginning 30 November 2009, which ultimately recommended that a merger with Yorkshire would be in the best interests of the Society and its members.
In comparison, for many years, Yorkshire had focused primarily on traditional lending and did not have as much exposure to the risks that Chelsea did. With large reserves of liquidity, they were in an good financial position to acquire several Societies through mergers. Chelsea still had a strong reputation and was particularly attractive as it had an extensive branch network in the south of England, where in comparison, Yorkshire had only a minimal presence.
The boards of both Societies mutually agreed a merger would be beneficial to both Societies and recommended members approve the proposal, which they ultimately did, becoming effective on 1 April 2010.
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Chelsea Building Society
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Efren Saldivar (born September 30, 1969) is an American serial killer who murdered patients while working as a respiratory therapist at Adventist Health Glendale, named at that time Glendale Adventist Medical Center in Glendale, California.
Early life
Born in Brownsville, Texas, he graduated from the College of Medical and Dental Careers in North Hollywood, California in 1988. He obtained work as a respiratory therapist employed by the Glendale Adventist Medical Center, working the night shift when there were fewer staff on duty.
Murders
While working at Adventist Health Glendale in Glendale, California, Saldivar killed his patients by injecting a paralytic drug which led to respiratory and/or cardiac arrest. These drugs could have included morphine and suxamethonium chloride as they were found in his locker with fresh and used syringes. Pancuronium (brand name Pavulon) was used in six murders; this drug is used to stop a patient's respiration when they are about to be put on a medical ventilator. He was careful in the selection of his victims, choosing those who were unconscious and close to death. This led to no easily detectable rise in the rate or distribution of patient deaths when he was on duty. This in turn hampered the investigation, as there were no easily discernible correlations between changes in the distribution or rate of deaths and his shift pattern (a commonly used tool in examining whether malpractice is taking place).
His employment was ended on March 13, 1998. Shortly afterward, he confessed to 50 murders (a confession he later retracted). In searching for evidence that would be strong enough to obtain a conviction, police exhumed the remains of patients who had died while Saldivar had been on duty and been buried (rather than cremated). The marker that was being sought was unusually high levels of Pavulon in the cadaver, as this drug remains identifiable for many months (unlike succinylcholine chloride and morphine which are decomposed into innocuous compounds relatively quickly).
Police selected 20 bodies to exhume out of a total of 1,050 patients who had died at Glendale Adventist during Saldivar's shifts. After the exhumations, six cadavers had evidence of a lethal concentration of Pavulon. The medical records of these patients showed that the Pavulon found in their bodies was not prescribed to them by a medical professional.
On March 12, 2002, at age 32, Saldivar pleaded guilty to six counts of murder and received seven consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole. Saldivar is incarcerated at California State Prison in Corcoran, California.
Number of victims
In his initial confession in 1998, Saldivar told police that he actively killed up to 50 patients and he contributed to the deaths of between 100 and 200 patients. Saldivar later confessed to killing at least 60 patients by 1994, claiming that he "lost count" after that but continued killing for at least three more years.
Sergeant John McKillop of the Glendale Police Department led the investigation which was fully supported by Adventist Health Glendale. Statistical analysis indicates that the total number of murders committed by Saldivar could be as high as 200, but no convincing physical evidence will ever be available to confirm or refute this possibility due to bodies being cremated after death or simply the effects of bodily harm.
Victims
Jose Alfaro
Salbi Asatryan β Victim's family accepted a $60,000 settlement from the hospital.
Myrtle Brower
Balbino Castro
Jean Coyle β the only victim who survived.
Luina Schidlowski
Eleanora Schlegel
See also
List of serial killers in the United States
List of serial killers by number of victims
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Efren Saldivar
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Eliezer ben Yoel HaLevi of Bonn (Hebrew acronym Ra'avyah; 1140β1225) was a Rabbinic scholar in Germany. He had a significant influence on Asher ben Jehiel (the ROSH). As a Rishon, he was prominent amongst the Tosafists of the middle-ages, and was a signatory to the Takkanot Shum. In the course of his long life he wandered from place to place: Bonn, Worms, WΓΌrzburg, Mainz, Cologne, Regensburg, and throughout France and Lombardy.
His maternal grandfather was Eliezer ben Nathan (Ra'avan). Eliezer studied under his father Joel haLevi of Bonn, as well as under Judah HeHasid and Judah ben Kalonymus of Mainz. His brother died a martyr's death in 1216. Eliezer's mourning for him was so great that his vision was impaired and he was compelled to dictate his novellae to his students.
His major work, Sefer Avi HaEzri (My Father is my Help), which is more commonly known by its author's acronym as Sefer Ra'avyah (also spelled Sefer Rabiah), is a compendium of articles that he developed into a book. It contains halakhot and legal decisions.
Notes
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Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi
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The Spectronic 20 is a brand of single-beam spectrophotometer, designed to operate in the visible spectrum across a wavelength range of 340 nm to 950Β nm, with a spectral bandpass of 20Β nm. It is designed for quantitative absorption measurement at single wavelengths. Because it measures the transmittance or absorption of visible light through a solution, it is sometimes referred to as a colorimeter. The name of the instrument is a trademark of the manufacturer.
Developed by Bausch & Lomb and launched in 1953, the Spectronic 20 was the first low-cost spectrophotometer. It rapidly became an industry standard due to its low cost, durability and ease of use, and has been referred to as an "iconic lab spectrophotometer". Approximately 600,000 units were sold over its nearly 60 year production run. It has been the most widely used spectrophotometer worldwide. Production was discontinued in 2011 when it was replaced by the Spectronic 200, but the Spectronic 20 is still in common use. It is sometimes referred to as the "Spec 20".
Design
The Bausch & Lomb Spectronic 20 colorimeter uses a diffraction grating monochromator combined with a system for the detection, amplification, and measurement of light wavelengths in the 340 nm to 950Β nm range.
As shown in the schematic optical diagram (see left), polychromatic light from a source in the system passes through lenses which are reflected and dispersed by the diffraction grating to restrict the range of light wavelengths. This restricted range of wavelengths is then passed through the sample to be measured. The intensity of the transmitted light is determined by a phototube detector. Mechanical movement of the diffraction grating by means of the cam attached to the wavelength control enables the user to select for various wavelengths. This is the "Ξ» knob", wherein Ξ» refers to wavelength of light used for the measurement.
Quantitative measurements
Many substances absorb light in the ultraviolet - visible light range. Absorption at any particular wavelength in the ultraviolet visible range is proportional to the concentration of the substances in the solution or other medium, in accord with the BeerβLambert relationship. In a practical sense, the BeerβLambert relationship can be stated as:
A = Ξ΅ x l x c
in which A is the absorbance measured by the instrument, Ξ΅ is the molar absorption coefficient of the sample, l is the pathlength of the light beam through the sample, and c is the concentration of the substance in the solution or medium. The Spectronic 20 is thereby commonly used for quantitative determination of the concentration of a substance of interest. The Spectronic 20 measures the absorbance of light at a pre-determined concentration, and the concentration is calculated from the BeerβLambert relationship.
The absorbance of the light is the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the Transmittance of the pure solvent to the transmittance of the sample, and so the two absorbance and transmittance can be interconverted. Either transmittance or absorbance can therefore be plotted versus concentration using measurements from the Spectronic 20. Plotting a curve using percent transmittance of light yields an exponential curve. However, absorbance is linearly related to concentration, and so absorbance is often preferred for plotting a standard curve. This type of standard curve relates the concentration of the solution (on the x-axis) to measures of its absorbance (y-axis).
To obtain such a curve, a series of dilutions of known concentration of a solution are prepared and readings are obtained for each of the dilutions (see plot at left). In this plot, the slope of the line is the product Ξ΅ x l. By measuring a series of standards and creating the standard curve, it is possible to quantify the amount or concentration of a substance within a sample by determining the absorbance on the Spec 20 and finding the corresponding concentration on the calibration curve. Alternatively, the logarithm of percent transmittance can be plotted versus concentration to create a standard curve using the same procedure.
The absorbance measured by the Spectronic 20 is the sum of the absorbance of each of the constituents of the solution. Therefore, the Spectronic 20 can be used to analyze more complex solutions. For example, if a sample solution has two light-absorbing compounds in it, then the user performs measurements at two different wavelengths and constructs standard curves for each compound. Then the concentration of each compound can be calculated algebraically.
The Spectronic 20 can be used for turbidimetric measurements. In microbiological work, the turbidity of a liquid culture of bacterial cells relates to the cell count, and OD600 measurements can be conducted for this purpose using the Spectronic 20. Likewise the turbidity of water suspensions of clays and other particles of size suitable for light scattering can be quantitatively determined by means of a Spectronic 20. In the past, the Spectronic 20 was used for clinical diagnostic purposes.
Use
Before testing a sample, the Spectronic 20 is calibrated using a blank solution, which is the pure solvent that is used in the experimental sample. It is typically water or an organic solvent. In this calibration, the transmittance is set at 100% using the calibration knob of the instrument (the amplifier control knob in the figure at right). The instrument can also optionally be calibrated with a stock solution of a sample at a concentration known to have an absorbance of 2 or else vendor supplied standards, using the light absorption knob in the diagram shown at right. After calibration, the user places a 1/2 inch test tube or cuvette containing the sample solution to be measured into the sample compartment. Calibration is repeated each time the wavelength is changed. It or a standard reference sample is generally used to periodically check for drift. To measure wavelengths above 650 nm, the bottom of the instrument is opened, and a red filter and a red-sensitive photocell is installed.
The original design of the Spectronic 20 utilized an analog dial for readout of transmission from 100%T to 1%T (top scale), 0A - 2A (lower scale). Using the original instrument requires manual setting of the wavelength and making readings from a moving-needle analog display.
Replacement
The Spectronic 20D (launched in 1985) and later the 20D+ replaced the analog dial with a red digital LED readout, offering greater precision in the readout, if not greater accuracy in the actual reading. A side-by-side comparison of the features of the 20+ and 20D+ is available in the 2001 operating manual.
The Spectronic 20 was replaced by the Spectronic 200 in the Thermo Scientific spectrophotometer product line in 2011. The Spectronic 200 utilizes an array detector and digital control of the measured wavelength, while retaining the characteristic Ξ» knob of the Spec 20 for setting the wavelength. In addition to replicating the user modes of the Spec 20D+ (which it can emulate on a color LCD screen) the Spec 200 accommodates both test-tubes and square cuvettes without needing to install an adapter. Software modes described in the Spectronic 200's specifications include scanning, four wavelength simultaneous measurement, and quantitative analysis with up to four standards, in contrast to the SPEC 20D+ which offered only single point calibration.
Product line history
Originally introduced by Bausch & Lomb in 1953, the product line was sold to Milton Roy in 1985. Milton Roy sold its instrument group to Life Sciences International, renamed Spectronic Instruments, Inc. in 1995. Spectronics Instruments was purchased by Thermo Optek in 1997, renamed Spectronic-Unicam in 2001 and Thermo-Spectronic in 2002. In 2003 the product line was moved to Madison, WI and the brand renamed to Thermo Electron.
With the merger of Thermo Electron and Fisher Scientific in 2006 the brand changed to Thermo Scientific, and remained such until the end of the production run. Spectronic 20 instruments found in labs today may bear any of the Bausch and Lomb, Milton Roy, Spectronic, Thermo Electron or Thermo Scientific brand names.
Popular culture
The Spectronic 20 is apparently one of the few lab instruments to remain intact after the destruction of the laboratory in the movie Back to the Future.
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Spectronic 20
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Glyder may refer to the Glyderau, a range of mountains (some with the name Glyder) in north Wales. The name can also refer to:
Places
Glyder (electoral ward), in Bangor, Wales
Miscellaneous
Glyder (band), a hard rock music group from Ireland
Glyder 2, a 2009 video game
Glyder, a puppy with large ears, introduced in the second series of TV animation The Puppy's Further Adventures
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Glyder
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Heide Candy Company is a subsidiary of candy manufacturer Ferrara Candy Company.
History
The Henry Heide Candy Company was founded in 1869 by Henry Heide, who immigrated to the United States from Obermarsberg, Westphalia, Germany. Jujyfruits began production in 1920. Original flavors included lilac, violet, rose, spearmint, and lemon. Rose and spearmint have been changed to cherry and lime, as a result of flavor availability." The current flavor lineup is lemon (yellow), anise (black), orange (orange), lime (green), and raspberry (red). They were popular in movie houses along with Heide's other gummy candy, Jujubes. On December 13, 1931, Henry Heide died in New York City.
Henry's son, Andrew Heide, took over the business and became the company's fourth president in 1957. He moved the production facility from Hudson Street in New York City to New Brunswick, New Jersey. Andrew died on December 23, 1995.
Andrew's son, Philip Heide, joined the company in 1964, rising through the ranks from sales manager/bakery and marketing and merchandising manager to executive vice-president. Philip sold Henry Heide, Inc., to Hershey Foods Corporation in 1995.
In 2002, Farley's & Sathers Candy Co., Inc. acquired the Heide brand and its products, including Jujyfruits, from Hershey Foods. The terms of the deal were not disclosed. Farley's & Sathers merged with Ferrara Pan of Chicago in 2012, forming the Ferrara Candy Company.
Products
Jujubes
Jujyfruits
Sour Jujyfruits
Red Hot Dollars
Red Raspberry Dollars
Black Licorice Dollars
Gummi Bears
Chocolate Babies
Buck Private candy bar
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Heide Candy Company
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Maurice Bembridge (born 21 February 1945) is an English golfer. He won the 1969 News of the World Match Play, the 1971 Dunlop Masters and won six times on the European Tour from its formation in 1972. He also won tournaments around the world, including the Kenya Open three times. He played in the Ryder Cup four successive times from 1969 to 1975 and represented England twice in the World Cup. At the 1974 Masters Tournament, Bembridge tied the course record with a 64 in the final round, lifting him into a tie for 9th place.
Professional career
Bembridge turned professional at an early age in 1960 and was an assistant at Worksop Golf Club. In 1966 he won the Llandudno Assistant Professionals' Tournament and was a runner-up in the Gor-Ray Cup, the PGA Assistantsβ Championship, behind Vince Hood. In 1967 Bembridge moved to Little Aston Golf Club and had more success, winning the Gor-Ray Cup and the Hesketh Assistant Professionals' Tournament. Bembridge qualified for the Open Championship in both 1966 and 1967, although he missed the cut on both occasions. In 1967 he led the qualifiers at Delamere Forest Golf Club.
In April 1968 Bembridge had his first overseas success, winning the Kenya Open, two strokes ahead of Terry Westbrook. Later in the year he finished 5th in the Open Championship, four shots behind winner Gary Player and was the leading British golfer. In April 1969 Bembridge retained his Kenya Open title. In June he won the Sumrie Better-Ball, which he and Γngel Gallardo won by a shot from Hedley Muscroft and Lionel Platts. In July he was selected for the Ryder Cup at Royal Birkdale, to be played in late September. In early September, Bembridge had his first big solo tournament win, the News of the World Match Play, where he beat 56-year-old Dai Rees 6&5 in the 18-hole final. Bembridge performed well in the tied Ryder Cup match with two wins and a half in his five matches. His victory in the News of the World Match Play earned Bembridge an invitation to play in the 1969 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship, where he lost 6&5 to Bob Charles.
In 1971 Bembridge had his first important British stroke-play victory, taking the Dunlop Masters, two strokes ahead of Peter Oosterhuis.
Bembridge played on the European Tour from its foundation in 1972. In March 1972 he won the Lusaka Open in Zambia, by a stroke from Doug McClelland, having started with a 63, but he only finished 19th in the European Tour Order of Merit that season. He finished second in the European Tour Order of Merit was second in 1973. He won the Martini International, was third three times and had a number of other top-10 finishes. Bembridge won three times on the 1974 European Tour, the Piccadilly Medal, the Double Diamond Strokeplay and the Viyella PGA Championship but was less consistent, finishing 12th in the Order of Merit. He won again in 1975, the German Open where he won by 7 strokes. He was also runner-up in the Benson & Hedges Festival of Golf and finished 11th in the Order of Merit.
After 1975 his best year was 1979 when he won his third Kenya Open and had his final European Tour win in the Benson & Hedges International Open, a result that lifted him to 18th in the Order of Merit. He also came close to winning the 1982 Irish Open where he was runner-up, a stroke behind John O'Leary. Bembridge continued playing on the European Tour but with less success, his final season being 1987.
After turning fifty Bembridge played on the European Senior Tour, winning twice at that level, the 1996 Hippo Jersey Seniors and the 1998 Swedish Seniors. He was also runner-up in the 2001 De Vere PGA Seniors Championship and was twice in the top 10 of the Order of Merit, 7th in 1996 and 9th in 1997. He was a member of the European Senior Tour committee for nine years and was its chairman from 2007 to 2011.
Professional wins (20)
European Tour wins (6)
Safari Circuit wins (1)
New Zealand circuit wins (1)
1970 Caltex Tournament (tie with Terry Kendall)
Other wins (10)
1966 Llandudno Assistant Professionals' Tournament
1967 Gor-Ray Cup, Hesketh Assistant Professionals' Tournament, Second City Tournament
1968 Kenya Open
1969 Kenya Open, Sumrie Better-Ball (with Γngel Gallardo), News of the World Match Play
1971 Dunlop Masters
1972 Lusaka Open
European Senior Tour wins (2)
European Senior Tour playoff record (1β0)
Results in major championships
Note: Bembridge only played in the Masters Tournament and The Open Championship.
CUT = missed the half-way cut (3rd round cut in 1969, 1980 and 1981 Open Championships)
"T" indicates a tie for a place
Team appearances
Ryder Cup (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975
World Cup (representing England): 1974, 1975
Double Diamond International (representing England): 1973, 1974 (winners), 1975
Datsun International (representing Great Britain and Ireland): 1976
Philip Morris International (representing England): 1976
Praia d'El Rey European Cup: 1997 (winners)
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Maurice Bembridge
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The men's team pursuit was one of seven track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of a pursuit-style event. Each nation could enter 1 team of 4 cyclists.
Competition format
In the team pursuit competition, teams started at opposite sides of the track. Each team raced three laps of the track, comprising 1980 yards (1810.5 m). The third cyclist in each four-man team to finish set the time for the team. The competition consisted of three rounds (heats, semifinals, and a final); in each round, 2 teams would compete in each heat. The winner of each heat would advance. The bronze medal was awarded based on the time of the two semifinal losers rather than a direct competition.
Results
First round
Heat 1
Heat 2
Heat 3
The Dutch team had a bye in the first round.
Heat 4
In the only contested heat in the first round, the German team eliminated the French.
Semifinals
Semifinal 1
The Canadians received third place overall as the faster of the two semifinal losers, while the British team moved on to the final.
Semifinal 2
Final
Notes
Sources
De Wael, Herman. Herman's Full Olympians: "Cycling 1908". Accessed 7 April 2006. Available electronically at .
Men's team pursuit
Cycling at the Summer Olympics β Men's team pursuit
Track cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics
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Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics β Men's team pursuit
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The William G. Ponder Plantation was a large cotton plantation of over situated in northeastern Leon County, Florida, United States and established by William G. Ponder.
Location
The plantation was located west of the settlement of Miccosukee and not bordering any other plantations. Today that land encompasses private property north of Moccasin Gap Road and Veteran's Memorial Drive.
Plantation statistics
The Leon County Florida 1860 Agricultural Census shows that the William G. Ponder Plantation had the following:
Improved Land:
Unimproved Land:
Cash value of plantation: $48,000
Cash value of farm implements/machinery: $1500
Cash value of farm animals: $6,125
Number of slaves: 99
Bushels of corn: 8,500
Bales of cotton: 206
The owner
G.W. Ponder was one of two absentee planters in northeast Leon County. Originally from Thomas County, Georgia, Ponder began purchasing land in Leon County in 1846.
Agents for William Ponder.
B. Regan
Jno. J. Courtney
The 1900s
In 1913, the W.G. Ponder Plantation grounds were purchased by Lewis S. Thompson of Red Bank, New Jersey renaming it Sunny Hill Plantation.
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W. G. Ponder Plantation
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The Consolidated Revenue Fund of Canada () is the account into which taxes and revenue are deposited, and from which funds are withdrawn in order to defray the costs of public services. Funds are deposited and withdrawn by the Receiver General for Canada.
Receiver General for Canada
Payments to and from the Consolidated Revenue Fund of Canada are made by the Receiver General. The minister of public services and procurement is the receiver general for Canada. The Department of Public Works and Government Services Act, 1996 states: "In the Minister's capacity as Receiver General, the Minister shall exercise all the powers and perform all the duties and functions assigned to the receiver general by law."
Cheques distributed by the Government of Canada to citizens and organizations are made in the name of the Receiver General, just as payments to the Government are made out to the same. The Receiver General by convention, however, never exercises any degree of discretion over payments to or from the Consolidated Revenue Fund, other than by following whatever directives might exist in relevant statutes and regulations.
Establishing the fund
The Consolidated Revenue Fund of Canada is established by section 102 of the Constitution Act, 1867. The Act went on to stipulate several charges to be made to the fund, some of which were recurring charges, and continue to be withdrawn from the fund today, in accordance with the Act. The original balance of the fund was created from the consolidated financial resources of whatever revenue and taxation could be lawfully appropriated by the Legislatures of the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Taxes and revenue appropriated by the Government of Canada are deposited into the current Consolidated Revenue Fund.
The First Charge
The First Charge, established by Section 103 of the Constitution Act, 1867, is the cost of the actual maintenance of the Consolidated Revenue Fund itself. In accordance with the Act, the costs of collection, management and receipt of the fund are to be the first charge made to the account.
The Second Charge
The Second Charge, as established by Section 104 of the Act, was the annual interest on the provincial debts of the provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick just before their union. The application of this second charge to the Consolidated Revenue Fund has since ended, in any practical sense. One could argue that the payment of the federal debt from the fund could constitute a modern variation on this Second Charge.
The Third Charge
The Third Charge, established by Section 105 of the Act, is the payment of the salary of the Governor General of Canada from the Consolidated Revenue Fund; by convention, this charge takes precedence over all others from the fund, even today. The current salary of the Governor General beginning on January 1, 2013 is $270,602 per annum.
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Consolidated Revenue Fund of Canada
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Do You Wanna Go Party is the sixth studio album by the funk and disco group KC and the Sunshine Band. The album was produced by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and was released in June 1979 on the TK label.
History
Do You Wanna Go Party contains the group's last number one hit in the US, "Please Don't Go". The title track was a moderate hit, with more success on the R&B chart, reaching the top ten. The B-side to "Please Don't Go", "I Betcha Didn't Know That", was also a Top 20 R&B chart hit.
Track listing
Personnel
Harry Wayne Casey β keyboards, vocal
Jerome Smith β guitar
Richard Finch β bass guitar, drum, percussion
Robert Johnson β drum
Fermin Goytisolo β percussion
Ken Faulk β trumpet
Vinnie Tanno β trumpet
Jerry Peel β french horn
Joe Singer β french horn
Mike Lewis β tenor saxophone
Whit Sidener β baritone saxophone
Beverly Champion β background vocals
Donna Rhodes β background vocals
Althea Tate β background vocals
Guest musicians
Manuel Capote β strings
David Chappell β strings
Bogdan Chruszcz β strings
David Everhart β strings
Marguerit Haldeman β strings
Roslind Lang β strings
Marjorie Lash β strings
Stuart McDonald β strings
Susan Oltman β strings
Robert Phillips β strings
Debra Spring β strings
Guy Weddle β strings
Valerie Vonpechy β harp
Charles Chalmers β background vocals
Sandra Chalmers β background vocals
Teri DeSario β background vocals
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Do You Wanna Go Party
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Perseus (; c. 150 BC) was an ancient Greek geometer, who invented the concept of spiric sections, in analogy to the conic sections studied by Apollonius of Perga.
Life
Few details of Perseus' life are known, as he is mentioned only by Proclus and Geminus; none of his own works have survived.
Spiric sections
The spiric sections result from the intersection of a torus with a plane that is parallel to the rotational symmetry axis of the torus. Consequently, spiric sections are fourth-order (quartic) plane curves, whereas the conic sections are second-order (quadratic) plane curves. Spiric sections are a special case of a toric section, and were the first toric sections to be described.
Examples
The most famous spiric section is the Cassini oval, which is the locus of points having a constant product of distances to two foci. For comparison, an ellipse has a constant sum of focal distances, a hyperbola has a constant difference of focal distances, and a circle has a constant ratio of focal distances.
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Perseus (geometer)
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Eid prayers, also referred to as Salat al-Eid (), are holy holiday prayers in the Islamic tradition. The literal translation of the word "Eid" in Arabic is "festival" or "feast" and is a time when Muslims congregate with family and the larger Muslim community to celebrate.
There are generally two central Eids that take place in accordance with the Islamic lunar calendar (hence the additional name ΘΔlat al-βΔͺdayn ( "Prayer of the Two Eids"):
Eid al-Fitr (), also known as the "Smaller Eid" is a celebration marking the end Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting, welcoming the new month of Shawwal and lasts for a period of three days. Mandatory charity, or Zakat, specifically Zakat al-Fitr (Zakat of Eid Al-Fitr) is offered to the poor by every financially-able Muslim (preferably prior to the offering of the prayer) to ensure that those who are less fortunate may also participate in the joyous holiday.
Eid al-Adha (), the "Greater Eid" or "Eid of Sacrifice", is celebration on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah (last month of the Islamic lunar calendar in which the Islamic pillar of Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca is performed). This Eid follows what is considered to be the holiest day in Islam, Day of Arafah and serves as a commemoration of Ibrahim's obedience and faith when tested by Allah. Able Muslims sacrifice an animal (Qurbani) whose provisions are to be distributed between friends, family, and the poor, equally as charity. Those who are unable to offer Qurbani but meet the requirements for it may offer a donation of Zakat in its place. These obligations apply to every of-age Muslim regardless of gender, so long as they meet the requirements of giving. Its duration is 4 days.
There is no set date for the Eid holidays, as it changes from year to year. This is due to the nature of the lunar calendar that calculates months based on the phases of the moon, unlike the solar Gregorian calendar that is used most widely today. The lunar calendar is about 11 days shorter than that of the Gregorian, and so the equivalent date shifts back about 11 days every year. This is true for other holidays, such as the Chinese New Year or Rosh Hashanah, that are also based on the lunar calendar. The date normally varies in locations across the world, but many communities choose to follow the sighting reports of the crescent moon in Mecca for the sake of consistency.
Name variations
Eid greetings
The customary greeting on the days of Eid Festivals is "Eid Mubarak", meaning "Have a Blessed Eid" and is often accompanied by other forms of cultural greetings and customs.
Location and timing
Eid prayers are traditionally offered in an open space (such as a Musalla or Eidgah) or field available for prayer if weather permits. The technical appointed time of Salat Al-Eid, as specified by the Quran and Sunnah (sayings, teachings, and actions of Muhammad), begins when the sun reaches approximately three meters above the horizon - above the height of a spear, until it reaches its meridian - approaching its zenith. Generally speaking, it is recommended that the prayer is offered in the morning, anytime after sunrise and before noon.
The time for Eid al-Fitr prayer may be delayed while the prayer of Eid al-Adha is hastened. This is to ensure enough time to facilitate the distribution of the Zakat before the prayer or offer sacrifice after, respectively. This has been a proved Sunnah and has been well recorded in Hadith books.
Specified times of the prayer vary according to local Masjids and larger communities may offer two prayers to allow as many people as possible the chance to make the prayer.
Degree of importance
The degree of importance of the Eid prayer vary between different Madhhab, or schools of Islamic thought. According to Hanafi scholars, Salat al-Eid is Wajib (obligatory). To Hanbali jurisprudence, it is Fard (necessary; often synonymous with Wajib) and according to Maliki and ShafiΚ½i schools, it is considered to be Sunnah Al-Mu'akkadah ("confirmed Sunnah, "continuously performed and never abandoned") but not mandatory.
Procedure and ritual
In addition to the actual praying of the Salah, another component of the Eid Prayers is the delivering of a Khutbah or Islamic sermon, like that given weekly on Fridays at Jumu'ah (obligatory Friday prayers). While the sermon is delivered prior to the Salah for Jumu'ah, it is delivered after the Salah for Eid. This is in accordance with the narration by Abdullah ibn Umar that Muhammad performed Eid Prayers in this order.
The Eid prayers also take place without the customary calling of the Adhan or Iqama (arabic call to prayer), which is normally called before every Salah. This is per the traditional narration by Jabir sin Samurah, who had prayed Eid Salah behind Muhammad, and noted that the calls were not made.
Another specific characteristic of the Eid prayer is the number of Takbir, or calling of the phrase "Allahu Akbar" ("God is Great") performed in each Rakat (unit of prayer) of Salah. The Takbir for regular Salah (as well as most sunnah and special Salah) is called only once at the start with repetitions between steps of the prayer. According to Hadith narrated by 'Amr bin Shuaib over certified generations, Muhammad completed 7 takbirs in the first rakah of the Eid prayer and 5 in the second, then began with the recitation of the Quran. The Hanafis complete 3 takbirs before reciting Quran in the first rak'ah and 3 takbirs after reciting Quran before prostrating.
Additional sunnah
To reap further rewards from praying the Eid, there are additional recommended steps that Muhammad did in his time according to his Sunnah that Muslims may perform. These include bathing or Ghusl prior to attending the festival, dressing in one's best clothes, eating before the Eid al-Fitr prayer and waiting until after Eid al-Adha prayer to eat, saying the Takbir to and from the place of Eid and after every prayer for the remaining days of the festival, as well as taking an alternative route home from the one taken to the prayer.
Women and the Eid Salah
Eid festivals are meant to be an event for all members of the Muslim community, including women and children. According to the Hadith narrated by the Nusaybah Bint Al-Harith (Umm 'Atiyah), women, young and old, were called to come out and participate in the joy of Eid and reap its blessings.
See also
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Eid prayers
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Shoals Marine Laboratory (SML) is a seasonal marine field station located on Appledore Island, Maine, in the United States. Appledore Island is the largest of the Isles of Shoals archipelago, a group of rocky islands just offshore of the coastline of Maine and New Hampshire. The laboratory is cooperatively operated and maintained by Cornell University and the University of New Hampshire. Shoals is a residential facility where participants and staff live together in a close-knit learning community. SML's academic program runs from May through August to accommodate off-campus study for undergraduates. Limited access for research can be arranged during the off-season. Access to Appledore Island is provided by Shoals Marine Laboratory vessels operated by laboratory personnel. SML administrative offices are at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York; at the University of New Hampshire in Durham, New Hampshire; and in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
History
Appledore Island, originally named Hog Island, was visited by Scandinavians sailing from Greenland before the 17th century. Europeans arrived in 1614 to take advantage of the favorable fishing conditions in the Gulf of Maine. The island saw an exodus in 1680 and sustained a small population until 1847. Thomas Laighton and daughter Celia Thaxter helped to revitalize the island through Celia's hospitality, artistry, and garden. The garden has been restored as a tourist attraction today which helps generate revenue for SML. Celia's death in 1894, subdivision of land in 1908, and a major fire at the Appledore Hotel in September 1914 led to the decline of this era in Appledore history. UNH's Marine Zoological Laboratory on Appledore thrived from 1928 to 1940. This was followed by government control of the island during World War II and a period of vandalism into the 1970s.
The current form of the lab was conceived by John M. Kingsbury and John M. Anderson, both professors at Cornell. Having visited the Star Island conference center, they were keen to bring undergraduate university students out to the Isles of Shoals as an alternative to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The first group of students arrived on Star Island in 1966. Appledore Island, which was mostly uninhabited since World War II, was selected and developed from the late 1960s to early 1970s as the future home of the lab. UNH took interest in the project due to their proximity and previous association with the island. Dominic Gratta of Kittery, Maine, directed his crew, assisted by students and early SML staff, in the refurbishing of old hotel and military era buildings as well as the construction of six new buildings and utility services.
Academics
SML is dedicated to undergraduate education and research in marine science, and has been offering courses since 1966. The laboratory offers a wide variety of summer credit courses for undergraduates and high school students along with programs and workshops for graduate students, teachers, professionals, and the general public. All Shoals programs provide participants with the opportunity to become immersed in the world of marine science under the tutelage of an academic teaching staff from Cornell, UNH, and other leading academic institutions.
An academic day at Shoals consists of laboratory and classroom time, combined with extensive fieldwork. Fieldwork typically includes excursions along Appledore's rocky intertidal zone and seabird nesting colonies, visits to neighboring islands to study harbor seals, terns, and archaeological sites, off-shore cruises, and trips to the Maine/New Hampshire coast to study mud flats, salt marshes, and bogs. Lessons on sustainable living are incorporated into the experience. Credit course offerings range from survey courses like Field Marine Science to more specialized courses like Field Ornithology, Underwater Research, and Ecology of Animal Behavior. Other programs, workshops, and citizen science opportunities include biological illustration, a course about forensic science, and island archaeology.
There are several courses offered during the summer.
Research
The Shoals Marine Laboratory emphasizes its dedication to undergraduate research by offering several positions within the Shoals Undergraduate Research Group (SURG). This program is the successor to the Research Internships in Field Science program (RIFS) and the Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program before that, which was funded by a seven-year National Science Foundation grant. The SURG program allows undergraduates to research within a variety of fieldsβfrom conservation to engineeringβin a 3-10 week program. This opportunity is dependent on the availability of mentors and funding and therefore is constantly shifting to meet those demands. It also provides participants with full room and board.
In addition to the formal research internship, nearly all credit courses at SML require small individual research projects. For example, students enrolled in the Underwater Research course must produce an original research proposal, supported by preliminary data collected and analyzed in the course.
The lab also hosts and works with visiting researchers from across the country, including the New Hampshire Fish and Game tern restoration project on White Island, gull research, monitoring of subtidal communities, and a migratory bird banding program.
Gull research is conducted by Gulls of Appledore project, which works to band individuals in the island's large Herring Gull and Great Black-backed Gull populations.
The bird banding program is known as the Appledore Island Migration Station (AIMS). Opening in 1974, AIMS studies migratory birds using Appledore as a stopover. AIMS data is collected in the spring and fall of each active year by volunteers and students.
In 2016, researchers investigated an intertidal species of fish called a mummichog. The researchers discovered how mummichogs use a tail-flip jump to cross land into new tidepools, and how they prop themselves into an upright position before leaping to receive extra visual cues. It was suggested that this behavior provides insight into how fish made the transition on to land.
Artist-in-Residence program
Shoals Marine Lab hosts an Artist-in-Residence (AIR) program each summer where five to six artists stay at Shoals for two or three consecutive weeks at a time. While on Appledore, the artists are free to pursue their art, but are also involved in an art program that is integrated into the classes that are on the island at the same time. The artists usually spend one hour per course per week, and will spend time with a maximum of four separate classes per week. The goal of having the artists interact with the students taking classes is to improve observational skills and generate creativity. When participating in the AIR program, the artists are exposed to the happenings of Shoals Marine Lab, which aims to help the artist create a connection with the natural world and help to blur the lines between art and science.
Previous artists-in-residence
Kimberly Collins Jermain (2023)
Sami Chang (2022)
Carol Schwartz (2021)
Robert DuGrenier (2019, 2021)
Scott Bluedorn (2019)
Julie Crane (2019)
Barrett McDevitt (2019)
Bill Paarlberg (2018, 2019)
Molly Aubry (2018)
Naila Moreira (2018)
Patricia Savage (2018)
Ben Shattuck (2018)
Carol Schwartz (2017, 2018)
Krisanne Baker (2017)
Errol Barron (2017)
Christopher Volpe (2016, 2017)
Janis Goodman (2016, 2017)
Alastair Dacey (2016, 2017)
Laurie Flaherty (2016)
Tom Glover (2016)
Wendy Turner (2016)
Jana Matusz (2015)
Directors
Island utilities and sustainability
Shoals must provide the utilities necessary to support the island population during its operating season independent of mainland services. Since 1974, SML has generated its own electricity, produced its own drinking water, and treated its own wastewater. Recent initiatives in engineered island systems and the educational and operating benefits to living more sustainably on Appledore have guided the development of renewable energy resources and low impact wastewater management.
Wind, sun, and diesel power
SML maintains three diesel generators and two green energy grids to provide electrical power day and night. Green energy grids collect power from the sun with photovoltaic panels and from the wind with a 10Β kW Bergy wind turbine. Power collected is stored in sealed absorbed glass mat batteries. There are 52 batteries creating a storage capacity of 388 AΒ·h at a nominal 48 V DC. Stored power is inverted to AC electricity for distribution to the island's 14 buildings. Diesel generators provide backup power. Over the past eleven years, addition of photovoltaic power generation with battery storage, along with sustainability and energy efficiency efforts, has reduced fuel needs by 80%.
Propane and solar-based hot water
In 2011, SML installed a solar water heating system to provide a significant portion of its per day domestic hot water needs. The solar water heating system collects heat energy from the sun and transfers the energy to domestic hot water systems used in its commercial kitchen and residential shower facilities. In 2012, SML's sustainable engineering interns calculated that the system reduced propane consumption for heating water by 42%.
Wastewater
Sewage is treated with three subsurface leach fields and several Clivus Multrum composting toilet installations. Eljen In-Drain technology was used in order to decrease the size of the leach fields. Composting toilet installations have two major advantages for SML:
The Nepon foam toilets decrease the amount of water needed to flush from 1.6 gallons, as used by the average flush toilet, to 3 oz.
Solids composted by the units do not have to be hauled away using a septic truck and barge.
Drinking water
Water is obtained from a well on the north side of the island. This supply can serve the island throughout the season if there is sufficient rainfall during the summer. A reverse osmosis system provides fresh water if well water does not meet demand. Shoals is licensed by the State of Maine to provide potable drinking water to island residents and visitors. Conservation measures reduce the volume of freshwater used to 1/5 of expected consumption.
Communications
Shoals currently uses a 5.8Β GHz wireless link which provides an internet connection from a Portsmouth base station to the World War II-era radio tower on the island. Internet access is distributed to the buildings via a fiber, ethernet, and wireless network. Island staff carry VHF radios for inter-island communication and cell phones work well for mainland phone calls. Vonage is used for more formal office phone and fax needs. VHF channel 80A is monitored for boat to island communication.
Research vessels
The lab is served by two US Coast Guard inspected research vessels: the , 34.49 gross ton R/V John M. Kingsbury and the , 13 gross ton R/V John B. Heiser. Both boats are used to transport goods and people to the island and for research/education. The R/V John M. Kingsbury has a winch and a one-ton crane for the deployment of research equipment and for the movement of heavy materials from the mainland to the island.
The lab also operates various smaller vessels, including the R/V Acipenser, R/V Storm Petrel, numerous inflatables, a Boston Whaler (R/V Miss Christine), and two small sailboats, a 16 ft (4.9 m) Herreshoff Doughdish (S/V Becker) and a 19 ft (5.8 m) Cape Dory Typhoon (S/V Mako)
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Shoals Marine Laboratory
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James Erigena Barrett (March 28, 1875 β October 24, 1921) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) center fielder. A native of Athol, Massachusetts, he batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Barrett played 10 seasons in the major leagues with the Cincinnati Reds (1899β1900, 1906), Detroit Tigers (1901β05), and Boston Red Sox (1907β08). Barrett was the first star for the Tigers, playing for the Tigers in the first five years of their existence. He left the Tigers with the arrival of a new center fielder Ty Cobb. Barrett had a career batting average of .291 (21 points higher than the league average during the deadball years in which he played). He also had a career on-base percentage of .379. In 1903 and 1904, he led the American League in times on base and walks. Despite Barrett's having played in only 866 major league games, baseball historian, Bill James, ranks Barrett as the 72nd best center fielder of all time.
Early years
Born in Athol, Massachusetts, Barrett served in the U.S. Army from 1894 to 1896. Barrett joined the company baseball team, playing shortstop for three years.
In 1899, Barrett played for the Detroit team in the Western Association before being sold to the Cincinnati Reds in August 1899. In one month with the Reds in 1899, Barrett hit for a .370 batting average, .477 on-base percentage, and .478 slugging percentage. Barrett never matched those numbers again, but continued to be one of the better hitters of his time. In 1900, he hit .316, with a .400 on-base percentage and had career highs with 172 hits, 114 runs and 44 stolen bases (both 3rd best in the National League).
Detroit Tigers (1901β1905)
In 1901, Barrett jumped to the new American League, signing with the Detroit Tigers. Barrett was the star of the Tigers team in the first five years of the franchise's history from 1901 to 1905. In 1901, Barrett was among the league leaders in the American League's inaugural season in runs scored with 110 (fifth), bases on balls with 76 (third), on-base percentage at .385 (ninth), times on base with 240 (fourth), and plate appearances with 630 (fourth).
Barrett continued to rank among the best batters in the American League each year from 1901 to 1904. His .397 on-base percentage in 1902 was fourth highest in the league. In 1903, arguably his best season, Barrett led the league with a .407 on-base percentage, 74 bases on balls, and 243 times on base.
In the 1904 season, despite a 154-game schedule, Barrett became the first major league player to appear in 162 games after Detroit set a season record with 10 tie games. His record for games played was unmatched until the schedules increased to 162 games in 1961. In 1904, Barrett also led the American League with 79 bases on balls and 249 times on base.
Barrett was also an excellent fielder. He had a strong arm and led all American League outfielders in assists in three of the first four American League seasons. From 1900 to 1904, Barrett racked up an impressive total of 126 assists, including 31 in 1901 and 29 in 1904. He also led American League outfielders in putouts in 1902 (326) and 1904 (339). His range factor score was markedly above the league average from 1900 to 1904, including 1902 when his 2.56 range factor score was 0.52 points above the league average.
During the 1903 and 1904 seasons, Barrett clashed with Detroit manager, Ed Barrow. In his autobiography, "My Fifty Years in Baseball", Barrow wrote that he never got along with Barrett. When Detroit owner, Frank Navin, blocked Barrow's efforts to trade the star center fielder, Barrow quit. Barrow wrote that, on one occasion, Barrett complained to Barrow that "your methods take all the individuality away from a ballplayer." Barrow responded, "Young man, if you ever speak to me that way again I will take more than your individuality away from you. I will knock your block off."
In 1905, Barrow was gone as the Tigers' manager, but a leg injury slowed Barrett and resulted in his appearing in only 20 games. When Ty Cobb joined the Tigers in August, Barrett faced a new threat. Detroit's new manager Bill Armour introduced Cobb to Barrett. He told Cobb that Barrett's "knee was on the bum, and I'm using you in his place in center field. Barrett was given the task of teaching Cobb the team's signs, which included a system Barrett had developed in 1905 for stealing the opponents' signs. Cobb wrote in his autobiography that the injured Barrett would sit in the center field stands with a pair of spyglasses "strong enough to pick out the fillings in the opposition catcher's teeth." Barrett would then relay the signs to the batter using markings on a fence sign advertising The Detroit News.
As Cobb proved his potential in 1905, Barrett became expendable. Barrett began to resent the young Cobb, who was a clear threat to his job. In early 1906, the Tigers sold Barrett back to the Cincinnati Reds, where he played in only five games.
Later years
Barrett spent his final two seasons in the major leagues playing for the Boston Red Sox in 1907 and 1908. However, he was never the same either as a batter or a fielder. He hit .244 in 1907 and dropped to .125 in 1908. He played his final major league game on May 13, 1908. A knee injury ended his career prematurely.
He became a senior partner in the real estate firm of Barrett & Walsh in Detroit. Barrett died from "a stroke of apoplexy" (for the avoidance of doubt, apoplexy is an outdated medical term) at his office in October 1921 at age 46. He was buried in Detroit's Mount Olivet Cemetery.
Notes
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Jimmy Barrett (baseball)
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Club de Deportes Cobresal or simply Cobresal, is a Chilean football club based in El Salvador, Atacama, a Chilean mining camp, and participates in Campeonato Nacional. The team was founded on 5 May 1979, and the name of the club comes from the local copper mine establishment. Since its inception, the club has played its home games at the El Cobre Stadium. With a capacity of approximately 12,000, the stadium is able to seat more than the entire population of the town (7,000).
During the history of Cobresal, the club has been champion once (2015 Clausura) and achieved one Copa Chile title in 1987, with players like the Chilean legend IvΓ‘n Zamorano, RubΓ©n MartΓnez and the club's historic top-scorer Sergio Salgado, footballers that also played in the 1986 Copa Libertadores, in the first international tournament for the club.
Cobresal's classic rival was Regional Atacama, where both teams disputed the III Region derby, but since the disappearance of that team as a result of financial problems, the team now plays the Copper derby with Cobreloa of Calama. Another important rivalry has been formed with another team from the Atacama region, Deportes CopiapΓ³.
Club history
First seasons
On 5 May 1979, Cobresal was officially founded as an amateur club, with Luis Sugarret as the first president. The club began to play friendly matches in preparation for the first game of the club against a professional team. On 14 June, the club played the first match of its history against Incabus of Diego de Almagro, debuting with a 3β2 win, playing in August of that year against the professional team of Coquimbo Unido, where Cobresal drew 3β3, playing of very well form. On 14 December 1979, Cobresal postulated to the National Association of Professional football for play in the Second Division. For this was necessary that the Club Deportivo Hospital, a club of El Salvador, a mining camp of the Atacama Region, offered its affiliation to the ANFA. Finally, on 26 February 1980, the incorporation of Cobresal was confirmed to the Second division as a professional team.
In 1980, Cobresal kicked off its inaugural season in the Second Division at the Luis Valenzuela Hermosilla Stadium with a 2β1 away defeat to Regional Atacama on 20 April, with goals of Franklin Lobos and RubΓ©n GonzΓ‘les, under the guidance of Cobresal's first head coach Juan ZΓ‘rate. The club's first professional victory was a 2β1 win over Γublense for the sixth round of the tournament. Cobresal finished his first season in the 14th place with 39 points. After a regular 1981 season, finishing in 10th place of the table, the next season thanks to the 5th place achieved, Cobresal qualified to the Promotion play-offs and the club was promoted to the Chilean Primera DivisiΓ³n, under the guidance of Manuel RodrΓguez Araneda.
The club debuted in the Primera DivisiΓ³n with a 1β0 win over Arturo FernΓ‘ndez Vial at ConcepciΓ³n. However, Cobresal had the best season of its history finishing in the second place of the Group A, qualifying to the Championship play-offs. In the play-offs, Cobresal was runner-up of the tournament, achieving the second place under only two points of Universidad CatΓ³lica. The 1985 season, the team qualified to the 1986 Copa Libertadores liguilla, and qualify to the first international tournament in its history, having in the 1986 year the most successful season in the history of the club, the next season, Cobresal won its first Copa Chile title in 1987 with players like IvΓ‘n Zamorano, RubΓ©n MartΓnez and Sergio Salgado. After the success in their last seasons, in 1989 suffered the departure Zamorano and MartΓnez.
The complicated 1990s
Cobresal began the 1990s with the left foot, when the club was relegated to the Primera B in 1992, after an eight-year stay in the topflight. For the next season, the club signed again to Manuel RodrΓguez Araneda as coach, who achieves the mission of return to Cobresal to the Chilean Primera DivisiΓ³n, but being relegated again for the poor season of the club in the 15th place, after losing the Promotion play-offs.
With the signing of Sergio Nichiporuk on replace of RodrΓguez, the club after two good season in Primera B, returned to the first tier of the Chilean football in 1998, being champion of the tournament of notable form not losing any match in the 1997 season, but again lost the category of be defeated 7β5 by Provincial Osorno in the aggregate result, via the Promotion play-offs. Finally, in 2001, thanks to the coach Jorge SocΓas, the club returned to the Chilean Primera DivisiΓ³n.
Successful seasons in the Primera DivisiΓ³n
With SocΓas at the bench for the 2002 Apertura Tournament, Cobresal won his first match since his return to the first division, 2β1 to Santiago Morning as visitor with goals of AndrΓ© GΓ³mez and Jorge Baeza, receiving a goal of Carlos CΓ‘ceres from the other side. After a game win to Rangers, the club lost 4β1 their first game in the tournament against UniΓ³n San Felipe with a hat-trick of Francis Ferrero and a goal Cristian Leiva, and a goal of Jorge Baeza for Cobresal. The club began to lose the games that disputed and made a poor season finishing last of his group in the fifth place with 12 points. After the bad season in the Apertura, in the next tournament still with SocΓas as coach, Cobresal reached the play-offs quarter-finals, being eliminated by Colo-Colo, who finished be the champion of the Clausura.
After the departure of Jorge SocΓas, because the directive not renewed his contract, arrived Gustavo Huerta as coach, a former footballer of the club that played at Cobresal during the 1980s. After two defeats in the tournament, against UniΓ³n EspaΓ±ola reached its first victory in the 2003 Apertura Tournament. They won 5β1 in home condition with goals of Juan Silva, Pedro Rivera, the Uruguayan centre back Alejandro Acosta, DamiΓ‘n Araya and VΓctor GonzΓ‘lez at El Cobre Stadium. The next week, Cobresal achieved an important 0β0 away draw with Universidad CatΓ³lica at San Carlos. After the draw with CatΓ³lica in Santiago, the club did not lose several matches, in where the most important results were a 4β0 home win over Coquimbo Unido and a 3β3 draw in the same condition with Universidad de Chile, that had good players like Mauricio Pinilla, Faustino Asprilla, Waldo Ponce and Marcos GonzΓ‘lez. On 23 May, Cobresal achieved a very important victory 1β0 to Colo-Colo, who had as a key player to the former player of the club IvΓ‘n Zamorano (aged 35 in 2003), who was an historic footballer in the club's short history at the moment. The club made a good campaign in the Apertura, qualifying in the 7th place of the table to the play-offs, winning in the first round to Colo-Colo, qualifying of rare form both teams, because the adversary of Cobresal qualified as best loser along with Huachipato, but in the next round the team was eliminated of the contest after a 7β1 loss with Universidad de ConcepciΓ³n. After the Huerta's departure of Cobresal, who accepted a bid of the Bolivian side BolΓvar, arrived the coach Julio AcuΓ±a on his replace. AcuΓ±a reached the Clausura Tournament's semi-finals, being eliminated by Colo-Colo at the Estadio Monumental with goals of Silvio FernΓ‘ndez Dos Santos in the 81st minute and in the 83rd minute. If Cobresal won the semi-finals key, could have faced to his rival Cobreloa in the Clausura's tournament. In the 2004 season, after the bad results of AcuΓ±a, for the Clausura Tournament, the club reβsigned to Huerta and achieved that Cobresal finished in the fourth place of the aggregate table.
In the 2005 Apertura Tournament, Cobresal achieved to qualify in the play-offs repechaje, but lost 4β3 against Deportes ConcepciΓ³n, in which scored in two times for the purple team CristiΓ‘n Montecinos, Javier CΓ‘mpora and Hugo CenturiΓ³n, whilst for Cobresal scored Diego RuΓz, Renzo YÑñez and CΓ©sar Carvajal. On 31 July, Huerta debuted the Clausura Tournament of the year with a 2β0 home win over Huachipato with goals of YÑñez and CΓ©sar DΓaz. One week later, on 7 August, the club lost his first game in the tournament against Deportes Puerto Montt at Chinquihue, being defeated by that club 1β0 with a goal of Domingo MartΓnez in the 84th minute. After another defeat with Santiago Wanderers and a 1β1 draw with Coquimbo Unido, the club return to the triumphs against UniΓ³n San Felipe at El Cobre Stadium, winning with a goal of YÑñez and a twice of DΓaz. The following week, Cobresal achieved an important 3β2 away victory over Deportes La Serena at La Portada with goals of DΓaz again, Patricio Lira and Christian Mauvezin for Cobresal, the next match achieving another important result in the tournament, now at El Salvador, drawing 2β2 with Colo-Colo that is playing very well in this moment. The goals of Cobresal was of CΓ©sar DΓaz and Renzo YÑñez in the 32nd minute and in the 47th minute, respectively. The team including was winning 2β0 the match, but with goals of Gonzalo Fierro in the 60th minute and a goal of HΓ©ctor Tapia in the 77th minute, Colo-Colo equalized the game, having also opportunities of win it. Cobresal after one loss with Everton, the club won the Copper derby with a hat-trick of DΓaz at El Cobre Stadium, achieving the next week an important 1β1 home draw Universidad de Chile, team that won the game with a goal of Waldo Ponce, but a goal of Luis DΓaz in the 92nd minute equalized the game. The following match of the team in the Clausura against Universidad CatΓ³lica was lost 1β0 with a goal of Jorge OrmeΓ±o in the 29th minute, game in also the keeper of the adversary JosΓ© MarΓa Buljubasich achieved 1,323 minutes without conceding a goal. Cobresal finally qualified to the play-offs, being in the first position of his group with 27 points. After the defeat to Huachipato in the aggregate result, the club advanced to the semi-finals against Universidad de Chile, the first semi-final the club won 2β1 with goals from Juan Quiroga and Patricio Lira, whilst Marcelo Salas scored for "La U", but Cobresal lost the second 4β2 in the Estadio Nacional.
Stadium
When Cobresal postulated for play in the Second division, one of the requirements was an appropriate stadium with a grass field. This was a great problem for the club, because El Salvador is located in the middle of the Atacama Desert it would be expensive to place grass. But the directive and the population's people achieved the construction of a new stadium that would have grass in the zone of the Sausalito field. Finally, after nearly a year of construction, El Cobre Stadium was opened on 1 June 1980.
Years later, the capacity was increased to 20,752 persons to conform with CONMEBOL rules due to the participation of Cobresal in the 1986 Copa Libertadores, despite the village's population being only a third of the stadium's capacity. In 1999, the artificial lights were installed to facilitate television broadcasts. The current capacity is 12,000 people, due to the elimination of standing-only zones for security reasons.
Honours
National honours
Primera DivisiΓ³n: 1
2015 Clausura
Copa Chile: 1
1987
Club Facts
30 Seasons in Primera DivisiΓ³n: (1984β1992, 1994, 1999, 2002-2016/17, 2019β)
13 Seasons in Primera B: (1980β1983, 1993, 1995β1998, 2000β2001, 2017β2018)
2 Participations in Copa Libertadores (1986, 2016)
3 Participations in Copa Sudamericana (2014, 2021, 2023)
Record Primera DivisiΓ³n victoryΒ β 8β1 v. Provincial Osorno (1991)
Record Primera DivisiΓ³n defeatΒ β 0β7 v. Universidad CatΓ³lica (2002-A)
Most goals scored Primera DivisiΓ³n matchesΒ β 83, Sergio Salgado (1984β88, 1994)
Most goals scored overallΒ β 274, Sergio Salgado (1980β88, 1993β96)
Highest home attendance Β β 15,229 v. AmΓ©rica de Cali Copa Libertadores, (18 April 1986)
South American cups history
Players
Current squad
2023 Summer Transfers
In
Out
Managers
Juan ZΓ‘rate (1979)
Γscar Andrade (1980)
Juan ZΓ‘rate (1980)
Guillermo DΓaz (1980)
Alicel Belmar (1982)
Manuel RodrΓguez (1983β89)
Reinaldo Hoffmann (1989β91)
Gustavo Huerta & Juan ZΓ‘rate (1991β92)
Manuel RodrΓguez (1993β94)
Sergio Nichiporuk (1995β96)
Rolando GarcΓa (1997)
Sergio Nichiporuk (1998β99)
Ricardo "Tato" Ortiz (1999)
Manuel Soto (2000)
Hermes Navarro (2000)
Jorge SocΓas (2001β02)
Gustavo Huerta (2003)
Julio AcuΓ±a (2003β04)
Gustavo Huerta (2004β05)
Fernando DΓaz (2006)
Sergio Nichiporuk (2006)
JosΓ© Cantillana (1 Jan 2007Β β 31 Dec 2009)
Luis Musrri (1 Jan 2010Β β 8 March 2012)
Hermes Navarro (2012)
Oscar del Solar (8 March 2012Β β 27 Feb 2013)
JosΓ© Cantillana (6 March 2013β1?)
Dalcio Giovagnoli (2014β1?)
Arturo Norambuena (2015)
RubΓ©n Vallejos (2015β)
Footnotes
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C.D. Cobresal
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Golden Kiwi was a New Zealand lottery which began in December 1961 and ended in 1989. It was based on philanthropic art union lotteries held for many decades prior. One of the objectives of the Golden Kiwi lottery was to keep funds in New Zealand rather than going to overseas lotteries. In its first year of operation Golden Kiwi raised Β£1,360,000. Profits from Golden Kiwi were distributed for charitable, philanthropic or cultural purposes for the benefit of the community. Golden Kiwi came under the authority of the New Zealand Lotteries Commission when the Commission was established in 1987. Golden Kiwi sales declined after the introduction of Lotto in 1987, and it ended in 1989 with the introduction of the Instant Kiwi scratch card lottery.
See also
Gambling in New Zealand
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Golden Kiwi
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Matthew Walter "Matt" Wachter (born January 5, 1976) is an American musician best known for playing bass in the alternative rock bands Thirty Seconds to Mars and Angels & Airwaves.
Biography
Wachter was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. As a child, he spent most of his time with his family in New Jersey and Boston. An active child, he participated in baseball and soccer, taking up swimming as well, he also went to United States Space Camp, along with Space Academy. His interest in music bloomed when he was around five years old, and between the ages of five and eight, he experimented with various instruments, focusing primarily on the piano and drums.
Wachter reached the peak of his musical interest around high school and spent most of his time playing in bands. He picked up the bass, he stated, because he "wanted to play in a band, and the band needed a bass player." He had no previous experience with the bass, the closest being experimenting with the guitar. He credited former Metallica bassist, the late Cliff Burton, as his inspiration for wanting to play the bass guitar.
Wachter attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston and moved to Los Angeles after graduating to pursue his career in music.
Wachter was rumored to have worked in a slaughterhouse, but confessed in an interview that he and his bandmates made up the story to stir up an otherwise dull interview.
Career
Thirty Seconds to Mars (2001β2007)
Wachter joined Jared Leto, Shannon Leto, and Solon Bixler, rounding out the Thirty Seconds to Mars line-up, in 2001. Bixler was replaced with Tomo Milicevic in 2003.
Wachter often stands in a "pigeon-toed" stance (both feet turned in toward each other) when he plays his bass, and stares down at his feet. He says doing this allows him to focus on what he's playing and keeps him from being distracted by fans.
In the early days of Thirty Seconds to Mars, Wachter complained of consistent headaches after performing, but no pain while he was on stage. After a visit to the hospital and a CT scan, it was discovered that he developed a concussion from frequent head-banging on stage. This prompted his mother to suggest he "wiggle his hips like Elvis", as mentioned in the fan yearbook. The head-banging has since stopped.
The first two dates of the 2006 "Forever Night, Never Day" headlining tour had to be postponed after Wachter hurt himself. The injury resulted from changing one of his car's headlights (or as Shannon Leto says "He was left alone with a pair of scissors." to which Wachter replied "A pair of scissors and a light bulb. I'll leave the rest to your imagination."), pushing the tour back an additional two weeks. The band issued press release to fans on March 2.
While on tour in El Paso, Texas, on March 1, 2007, Jared Leto announced to the arena that Wachter would be playing his last show with the band. He dedicated the song, "R-Evolve", to Wachter. After that, Tim Kelleher filled in as the bassist on the March 2 show in Dallas, Texas.
Angels & Airwaves (2007β2014, 2018β2019)
Following the departure of Ryan Sinn from the band on 23 April 2007, Wachter joined Angels & Airwaves in Sinn's place. He was later confirmed as a band member, and worked with Angels & Airwaves on their second album I-Empire. The band released their third studio album, titled Love, in February 2010, along with its follow-up Love: Part Two in 2011. On June 24, 2014, Tom Delonge posted a photo of Matt stating his intention to leave the band to focus on his family life at home, stating "Matt still might join us later down the road somewhere and somehow."
On March 9, 2017, a video posted to Tom DeLonge's Instagram account showed Wachter playing bass, to which DeLonge states he has "been looking for [Wachter]". This led to speculation that Wachter had returned to Angels & Airwaves. This was confirmed by DeLonge on April 18, 2018, posting that both Wachter and guitarist David Kennedy had rejoined Angels & Airwaves and would appear on the next album. When the band released new music in May 2019, however, Wachter was absent from both the band's new press photos and from the list of members listed on the band's Facebook page. Neither the band nor Wachter have released statements concerning the departure, although producer Aaron Rubin stated that Wachter was not involved with any of the band's new music.
Other works
Wachter serves as an occasional guest host on Get The Fuck Up Radio. The radio show is hosted by two of his friends, Aaron Farley and Jeremy Weiss and is featured on Little Radio, out of Los Angeles.
In mid-2009, Wachter recorded bass on all tracks for the upcoming release by Street Drum Corps, for release in 2010.
Personal life
On May 14, 2009, Matt and Libby (nΓ©e' Lawson) had a child.
Discography
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Matt Wachter
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0DFx (also known as Zero Defects or Zero Defex) is an American hardcore punk band.
History
The band was formed in Akron, Ohio, in late 1981 by Tom Seiler of local punk group The Bursting Brains, Mick Hurray of the neo-surf group The Nelsons, and Jim Friend of V-Nervz.
The band went through a few bass players before placing an ad in the Cleveland free paper Scene. Brad Warner, who had been in a new wave group called Mmaxx, answered the ad and after an afternoon audition he was accepted into the band. Warner remained a member of the group until its dissolution.
The band dissolved in the spring of 1983.
In December 2005, Jim Lanza hatched the idea of reviving a handful of old Cleveland-area punk bands for a one time show entitled Cleveland's Screaming. Warner decided to take the opportunity to create a documentary about the punk rock scene in Akron and Cleveland in the 1980s also entitled Cleveland's Screaming. The documentary was released in 2007.
Since they reformed, the band has begun writing and recording new music. In early 2013, the band signed to the record label Revolution Harmony. Zero Defex still plays shows as often as the band members are able.
Guest appearances
0DFx appeared on the Ohio-based punk rock compilation, The New Hope and on the nationally released International P.E.A.C.E. Benefit Compilation, which has remained in print since 1984.
Members
Jim Friend "Jimi Imij" (vocals)
Tom Seiler "Tommy Strange" (guitar, 1981β83)
Jeff Hardy "Jeffro Smull" (guitar, from 2005)
Mick Hurray "Mickey X-Nelson" (drums)
Brad Warner "Brad No Sweat" (bass)
Short-term members
Alan Litt "Alan Nelson" (bass)
Franklin Tarver "Frank N. File" (bass)
John Despins "Johnny Phlegm" (bass)
Discography
Studio albums
Zero Defex (0DFx Records 2008)
Discography (Get Revenge Records, 2008)
Caught in a Reflection (Revolution Harmony, 2013)
EPs
War Hero 7 (Get Revenge Records 016, 2007)
Drop the A-Bomb 7 (Get Revenge Records 018, 2008)
Compilation album appearances
The New Hope (New Hope Records 001, 1983)
Songs - Drop the A-Bomb on Me / By the Day / Oppression / No More
International P.E.A.C.E. Benefit Compilation (R Radical Records, 1984)
Song - Drop the A-Bomb on Me
Related bands
Dimentia 13 (Brad Warner)
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0DFx
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Light Lunch (later Late Lunch) is a Channel 4 lunch-time comedy chatshow broadcast on weekdays at 12:30pm between 24 March 1997 and 27 February 1998, which was moved to weeknights at 6:00pm between 31 March 1998 and 5 March 1999. It was hosted by Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins, also known as Mel and Sue, who started their comedy careers at Cambridge University's Footlights club. The show was a huge success initially, but audience figures declined slowly.
Format
The show was structured around the making and eating of a luncheon. The main part of the meal would be prepared by a guest chef, with either Mel or Sue talking to the chef during the demonstration. Once the meal was ready, it was eaten by Mel, Sue and two celebrity guests, during which an interview would take place. In the final part of the programme, a third celebrity guest brought in dessert, and a further period of interviewing would occur on the sofa, which would include phone-in questions from viewers. The studio audience were also expected to bring in their own lunch to eat during the show, and were each given Β£3 to cover the cost of this. They were encouraged to bring in unusual food, their own creations, or food in some way relating to that day's celebrity guest, and the most creative ideas would be shown on camera.
Late Lunch
As a result of declining viewing figures and because of a general change in viewer demographics in the UK, Light Lunch was moved to a 6:00pm time slot in March 1998 and rebranded as Late Lunch. It ran in that slot for nearly a year before being cancelled in 1999.
Band
The show's house band (introduced individually as "Steve, Matt, Dylan and Dan" and collectively by numerous different names, mostly food puns) included Dylan Howe on drums.
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Light Lunch
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Straumgjerde is a village in Sykkylven Municipality in MΓΈre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located where the lake Fitjavatnet empties into the Sykkylvsfjorden. It is about south of the municipal center of Aure and about south of Ikornnes. The mountain RΓ₯na lies south of the village.
The village has a population (2018) of 488 and a population density of .
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Straumgjerde
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The Ploegsteert Memorial to the Missing is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) memorial in Belgium for missing soldiers of World War I. It commemorates men from the Allied Powers who fought on the northern Western Front outside the Ypres Salient and whose graves are unknown. The memorial is located in the village of Ploegsteert and stands in the middle of Berks Cemetery Extension.
History of the location
After Ploegsteert Wood (referred to colloquially as "Plug Street") had been the site of fierce fighting at the start of the war, it became a relatively quiet sector where no major action took place. Allied units were sent here to recuperate and retrain after fighting elsewhere and before returning to active operations. Berks Cemetery Extension was founded by Commonwealth troops in June 1916 as an extension to Hyde Park Corner (Royal Berks) Cemetery which lies across the road. The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war.
Memorial to the Missing
The Ploegsteert Memorial to the Missing is one of several CWGC Memorials to the Missing along the Western Front: those lost within the Ypres Salient are commemorated at the Menin Gate and Tyne Cot Memorial to the Missing, while the missing of New Zealand and Newfoundland are honoured on separate memorials. The Ploegsteert Memorial was designed by H Chalton Bradshaw, who also designed the Cambrai Memorial in France, apart from two large lions which were commissioned from the sculptor Gilbert Ledward. The Ploegsteert Memorial is in diameter and tall and was unveiled on 7 June 1931 by the then-Duke of Brabant, later King Leopold III of Belgium.
The Ploegsteert Memorial lists over 11,000 missing Commonwealth soldiers from the following battles, which were fought outside the Ypres Salient in the area around Ploegsteert:
Armentieres
Aubers Ridge
Loos
Fromelles
Estaires
Hazebrouck (part of the Battle of the Lys)
Scherpenberg (part of the Battle of the Lys)
Outtersteene Ridge (known as the 'Action of Outtersteene Ridge', 18 August 1918)
The memorial also commemorates the names of three recipients of the Victoria Cross who have no known grave:
Sapper William Hackett VC
Private James MacKenzie VC
Captain Thomas Pryce VC
"The Last Post"
Since 7 June 1999, the ComitΓ© du Memorial de Ploegsteert has arranged for the Last Post to be played at the memorial on the first Friday of each month.
Gallery
See also
List of World War I memorials and cemeteries in Flanders
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Ploegsteert Memorial to the Missing
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Lypivka () is a village (selo) in western Ukraine. It is located in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province), approximately 20Β km south of the oblast capital, Ivano-Frankivsk. Lypivka belongs to Tysmenytsia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Lypivka was previously referred to as Lackie Szlacheckie, as part of the TΕumacz Powiat (county). It is also a part of the historic region of Pokuttya in Galicia. The name is associated with Polish gentry who lived in the area.
Until 18 July 2020, Lypivka belonged to Tysmenytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Tysmenytsia Raion was merged into Ivano-Frankivsk Raion.
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Lypivka
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No More Victims, founded in 2002, is a 501(c)(3) program that works with the children of incarcerated parents in Houston. The program was founded by former parole officer, Marilyn Gambrell, and addresses the physical, emotional, academic and social needs and issues of teens through a facilitated peer-support program. The first classes were taught at M. B. Smiley High School in Houston, Texas. In 2005, the story became a made-for-TV movie called Fighting the Odds: The Marilyn Gambrell Story starring Jami Gertz.
The program's motto is "Get educated, not incarcerated." The classes are based on the No More Victims Family concept, which involves creating a facilitated, trusting environment in which children can openly discuss their challenges and fears, and receive the support of their fellow students. Despite research indicating that children of incarcerated parents are only about half as likely to graduate from high school as children whose parents were not incarcerated, every senior in the No More Victims program typically graduates and most are accepted into college, technical training or military assignments.
Target population
Parental incarceration has been called "the greatest threat to child well-being" in the United States because it creates the high potential that the child will be exposed to risk factors such as poverty, sexual and physical abuse, teen pregnancy and violence. According to a landmark study by the Anne E. Casey Foundation, more than 5.1 million children in the U.S. have a parent who is in prison or has been incarcerated at some point in the child's life. That includes 477,000 in Texas, where No More Victims is based.
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No More Victims
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"The Label Maker" is the 98th episode of NBC sitcom Seinfeld. This was the 12th episode for the sixth season. It aired on January 19, 1995. The episode follows a pair of Super Bowl tickets which are repeatedly gifted from one person to another, while Kramer and Newman take drastic steps to keep each other from cheating at Risk and George fears he is competing for his girlfriend's affections with her roommate. The episode popularized the term "regifting".
Plot
Jerry has two tickets to the Super Bowl but cannot attend due to "The Drake's" wedding. Jerry gives the tickets to Dr. Tim Whatley. Elaine and Jerry suspect that Whatley is a "re-gifter" after Whatley, as thanks, gives Jerry the same label maker that Elaine gave Whatley for Christmas. Kramer and Newman are playing an extended game of Risk, leaving the board at Jerry's apartment (Kramer compares Jerry to Switzerland) so that neither of them can tamper with the game.
Kramer informs Jerry that the Drake's wedding is off because he tried to postpone it in favor of the Super Bowl. George suggests Jerry "de-gift" Whatley the tickets, but Whatley has already made plans to go with Newman. Elaine dates Whatley and asks to come up to his apartment in order to find out whether or not he re-gifted her label maker. Whatley de-gifts Newman's ticket and gives it to Elaine. Jerry and George suspect that, due to Elaine's behavior, Whatley invited her purely with the intent of seducing her. When Elaine hints to Whatley that she does not intend to have sex with him on the Super Bowl trip, he gives her ticket back to Jerry.
While talking to Whatley outside, Jerry notices that Kramer's car is being towed. Kramer runs after the tow truck, taking the Risk game board with him so Newman will not cheat, then Newman chases after Kramer to make sure he does not cheat. Continuing their game on the subway en route to the impound lot, Kramer taunts Newman over the fact that most of his remaining troops are in the "weak" nation of Ukraine. A Ukrainian man standing next to them is offended and upends the board, ruining the game.
George is enthralled by the apartment of his new girlfriend, Bonnie, which includes a velvet couch. However, he fears her roommate Scott, who looks just like him, is positioned to become her new boyfriend. He wheedles Bonnie into getting Scott to move out. Using Jerry's label maker to help Bonnie box up Scott's belongings, George discovers that all the things he liked about the apartment, including the couch and the television, belonged to Scott. He asks Bonnie if she is interested in mΓ©nage Γ trois, hoping she will be disgusted and dump him. Instead, she and Scott are eager to have a mΓ©nage Γ trois with George - Scott then advances on a horrified George.
Elaine confronts Whatley about his re-gifting the label maker. He angrily tells her it was defective because the label adhesive was not strong enough. Elaine, upset, reveals she developed feelings for him because of the free dental work he had done on her, and they kiss passionately. The defective labels on Scott's boxes peel off in the mail truck, making them property of the post office, much to Newman's delight.
Now in love with Elaine, Whatley gives up his remaining ticket, resulting in Jerry and Newman sitting together at the Super Bowl.
Production
Writers Alec Berg and Jeff Schaffer came up with multiple endings to the episode's different plot threads. One of the endings considered for the Risk story was a worker at the impound lot giving Newman a strategy that allows him to overcome Kramer's strong lead and win the game. George's subplot was originally to end with Bonnie taking pity on Scott after he loses all his things in the mail, leading her to let him move back in and form a sexual relationship with him, thus fulfilling George's original fear. However, after Berg and Schaffer saw the script for "The Switch" they wanted to do a callback to that episode.
Unlike most Seinfeld episodes, the first draft of the script was taken directly to the table-read without any rewriting from Seinfeld creators Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld, though David and Seinfeld added some material to the script, such as Jerry's comments about repeating the name of a gift and George and Jerry's discussion of how a male roommate has the advantage over a boyfriend.
George's sneeze after Jerry tells him that he blamed him for his party crashing in "The Mom & Pop Store" was unscripted, prompting the director to call "Cut", but it was kept in during the editing phase. Actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus had a bad cold during the filming; since Bryan Cranston had to perform a mouth-to-mouth kiss with her, he came down with the same cold two days later.
Legacy
The script of "The Label Maker" is quoted in the Oxford English Dictionary as the earliest known use of the word "regifter".
The episode's scene on the subway with the conversation about Ukraine became widely popular after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
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The Label Maker
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Anders SandΓΈe Γrsted, also written as Anders Sandoe Oersted or Anders SandΓΆ Γrsted (21 June 1816 β 3 September 1872) was a Danish botanist, mycologist, zoologist and marine biologist. He was the nephew of physicist Hans Christian Γrsted and of politician Anders SandΓΈe Γrsted.
Career
In his early career, he published on Danish and Arctic nematodes and on the zonation of marine algae in Γresund.
Between 1845 and 1848, he travelled extensively in Central America and the Caribbean and published numerous papers on the flora, concentrating on the plant families Acanthaceae and Fagaceae. One of his better known publications is L'AmΓ©rique Centrale.
He was appointed professor of botany at the University of Copenhagen in 1851, a post he held until 1862. He was succeeded by Ferdinand Didrichsen.
His studies of what has since been known as juniper-pear rust showed that this fungus annually switches between two hosts; Juniperus sabina is the primary (telial) host and pear, Pyrus communis, is the secondary (aecial) host. He thus was the first to discover that some plant-parasitic fungi are heteroecious. These studies were continued on other Gymnosporangium species.
The orchid genus Oerstedella Reichenbach f. is named for him.
He is the author of several hundred plant names still in use.
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Anders SandΓΈe Γrsted (botanist)
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The AMC Schneider P 16, also known as the AMC Citroën-Kégresse Modèle 1929 or the Panhard-Schneider P16, was a half-track that was designed for the French Army before World War II.
Development
The P 16 was developed in 1924 by Citroën from the earlier Citroën-Kégresse Modèle 1923, one of the models applying the Kégresse track. It was very similar in conception but had an enlarged armoured hull, built by Schneider, and a stronger 60 hp Panhard engine. In June 1925 an order was obtained for a pre-series of four vehicles. In October that year a first production series of ten is ordered. Citroën found itself unable to produce the vehicles and the order was delegated to Schneider. Citroën would supply the chassis, Kégresse the suspension and Schneider, responsible for the final assembly, the armour plates.
The pre-series vehicles get the company designation ModΓ¨le 1928 or M 28 after the year they were delivered; the production vehicles are likewise named ModΓ¨le 1929 or M 29, though the actual delivery was in 1930 and 1931. The official name however, assigned in 1931, is the AMC Schneider P 16. The P 16 was thus accepted as conforming to the specifications for a wheeled AMC, or an AMC NΒ°1, as stated by the Supreme Command on 12 April 1923, although the vehicle was not specifically designed to meet them, and partially fulfilling the requirements of an AMC NΒ°2 stated in August 1924, which asked for a tracked vehicle β as a half-track it was indeed in between. "AMC" stands for Automitrailleuse de Combat. Although automitrailleuse is today a synonym for "armoured car", in those days it was the codename for any Cavalry armoured vehicle. In fact their rΓ΄le was pretty much that of a main battle tank as the Cavalry would not acquire real modern guntanks until 1935; in the twenties fully tracked vehicles were, given the state of technological development, considered by the Cavalry as being too slow. "P 16" refers to the Panhard 16 engine. Confusingly, the pre-series vehicles only were fitted with it, while the production vehicles have the Panhard 17. In total 96 vehicles of the main series were produced, serial numbers from the range 37002 - 37168, resulting in a total of 100 vehicles.
Export plans
The AMC Schneider P 16 has never been exported. However, in July 1930 the Belgian supreme command considered the acquisition of the type in the context of a Cavalry mechanisation programme. They envisaged the fitting of a specially to be developed Belgian high velocity FRC 47Β mm gun to give it a far superior antitank-capacity. Eventually they decided against obtaining half-tracks and instead bought the French AMC 35 tank to be the recipient of the Belgian 47Β mm gun.
Description
The AMC Schneider P 16 is a small vehicle, 483 centimetres long, 175Β cm wide and 260Β cm high. As the maximum armour thickness is only 11.4Β mm, the weight is accordingly low, 6.8 metric tonnes. Combined with a four-cylinder 3178 cc 60Β hp engine in the nose of the vehicle this results in a high maximum speed for the period, of 50Β km/h. A fuel tank of 125 litres allows for a range of 250 kilometres. The trench crossing capacity is 40 centimetres, a slope of 40% can be climbed.
The P16 employs a KΓ©gresse half-track drive developed by CitroΓ«n-KΓ©gresse, without power transfer to the steerable front wheels. The track does not have real links, but consists of an internal steel band, embedded in rubber. The large sprocket is in front; behind it a central axle is located in the middle, on which rotates a section with two bogies, each holding two small road wheels, and a long double beam to the back, holding a large trailing wheel. Above the axle is a single top roller supporting the track. There was a crew of three: the commander in the turret and two drivers in the hull, the second facing the back in order to drive the half-track in that direction immediately when ambushed. This "dual drive" feature is typical for a reconnaissance vehicle.
In the M 28 an octagonal turret is placed on top of an octagonal fighting compartment; the turret has a short SA 16 37Β mm gun in front and a "8 mm" Hotchkiss machine-gun (which had in fact a calibre of 7.92Β mm) in the back. Small drums in front of each front wheel help to climb obstacles.
The M 29 has a changed configuration. The fighting compartment is square and the machine gun, now a 7.5 mm "Reibel", is co-axial with the gun in the front of the turret. The small drums are replaced with three of a very large diameter, the widest in the middle, allowing to climb a 50Β cm obstacle. There are hundred rounds for the 37Β mm gun; sixty HE and forty AP; three thousand rounds for the MAC 31: 1950 or thirteen magazines standard bullets and 1050 or seven magazines AP-bullets; the 7,5Β mm "Reibel" had a maximum armour penetration of about 12Β mm.
Operational history
The P 16s first served in eight of the autonomous Escadrons de Automitrailleuses de Combat (EAMCs), which in 1932 were allocated to four of the five Cavalry Divisions. Later they were used by the 1er Division LΓ©gΓ¨re MΓ©canique (DLM or mechanised light division), France's first armoured division, as main battle vehicles until being replaced by the SOMUA S35 from 1937. Fourteen were then transferred to the 2e RΓ©giment de Chasseurs d'Afrique in Tunisia and the remainder to the Infantry divisions who deployed them as Automitrailleuse de Reconnaissance (AMR, a term indicating a support AFV for motorised infantry, not a pure reconnaissance vehicle) in the Groupes de Reconnaissance de Division d'Infantrie, the reconnaissance units, provided by the Cavalry, of the motorised infantry divisions: 1er GRDI, 3e GRDI, 4e GRDI, 6e GRDI and 7e GRDI each had during the Battle of France a nominal strength of sixteen (four platoons of three in their Groupe d'Escadrons de Reconnaissance or GER, and a reserve of four) for a total of eighty. In reality the number was lower: on 2 September 1939 these units had 74 P 16's and on 10 May this had dropped to 54: eight at the 1er GRDI; twelve at the 3e GRDI; nine at the 4e GRDI; a maximum of thirteen at the 6e GRDI and twelve at the 7e GRDI; in the last two units they were part of two mixed AMR/AMD squadrons. Sixteen were at that moment in repair or used for driver training, 22 were listed in the general matΓ©riel reserve β these had in fact broken down and were considered beyond repair. Some GRDIs accommodated by reducing the number of P 16 platoons from four to three. In the Infantry Arm the type was known as the AMR Schneider P 16.
All vehicles of the type were by this time completely worn out and close to being phased out in favour of light Hotchkiss tanks. Of some units the crews had already departed to be retrained in the use of the tank and had to be hastily recalled when the invasion came. They nevertheless fought with some effectiveness against the invading forces: e.g. on 14 May two P 16's of 1er GRDI were crucial in retaking Haut-le-Wastia from German infantry belonging to 5th Panzer Division. Due to the long distances the motorised divisions had to cover, most P 16's eventually had to be abandoned after a mechanical breakdown.
After the armistice the vehicles in North-Africa were allowed to be used by the French units there, but were transferred to 5e Régiment de Chasseurs d'Afrique in Algiers. Eleven had in March 1940 already been transferred to the 2e RCAP (Régiment de Chasseurs d'Afrique Portés) of the 6e DLC (Division Légère de Cavalerie). The Germans seem not to have taken into use any captured P 16's.
There are no known surviving AMC Schneider P 16 vehicles.
Notes
Literature
FranΓ§ois Vauvillier, 2005, Les MatΓ©riels de l'ArmΓ©e FranΓ§aise 2: Les Automitrailleuses de Reconnaissance tome 2: L'AMR 35 Renault β ses concurrentes et ses dΓ©rivΓ©es, Histoire & Collections, Paris
Leland Ness (2002) Jane's World War II Tanks and Fighting Vehicles: The Complete Guide, Harper Collins, London and New York,
Pierre Touzin, Les véhicules blindés français, 1900-1944, EPA, 1979
Pierre Touzin, Les Engins Blindés Français 1920-1945, Volume 1, SERA, 1976
World War II vehicles of France
Half-tracks of the interwar period
Half-tracks of France
Military vehicles introduced in the 1920s
Armoured cars of the interwar period
Armoured cars of France
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AMC Schneider P 16
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Empressite is a mineral form of silver telluride, AgTe.
It is a rare, grey, orthorhombic mineral with which can form compact masses, rarely as bipyramidal crystals.
Recent crystallographic analysis has confirmed that empressite is a distinct mineral with orthorhombic crystal structure, different from the hexagonal Ag5βxTe3 with which empressite has been commonly confused in mineralogy literature.
At the same time, empressite does not appear on the equilibrium Ag-Te phase diagram, and therefore it is only metastable at ambient conditions. Given infinite time, it would phase separate into pure Ag5Te3 and pure Te.
The name empressite comes from the location of its discovery β the Empress Josephine mine, Saguache County, Colorado, US. It was first described in 1914.
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Empressite
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Serifopoula () is a Greek island in the Cyclades. It is a part of the municipality of Serifos. Serifopoula was uninhabited at the 2001 Greek census. The island is largely barren of vegetation, and consists of a large main island in size, and a small rock, separated by a small strait to the island's east, in size.
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Serifopoula
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Wow Comics was an ongoing monthly Golden Age comic book anthology series published by Fawcett Comics from winter 1940 to August 1948.
From issue #9 to #58, the book's cover features were the solo adventures of Fawcett's Mary Marvel character. Other characters included Mr. Scarlet, Commando Yank and Phantom Eagle.
The title's inaugural issue was the first comic book mentioning of Gotham City. Wow Comics later evolved into a boys' title beginning with issue #59.
Publication history
The book changed the format to a Western comic and was renamed Real Hero Western with issue #70, and Western Hero from issue #76 until the book's final issue, #112, in 1952.
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Wow Comics
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The facial vein (or anterior facial vein) is a relatively large vein in the human face. It commences at the side of the root of the nose and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein.
A common misconception states that the facial vein has no valves, but this has been contradicted.
Its walls are not so flaccid as most superficial veins.
Path
From its origin it runs obliquely downward and backward, beneath the zygomaticus major muscle and zygomatic head of the quadratus labii superioris, descends along the anterior border and then on the superficial surface of the masseter, crosses over the body of the mandible, and passes obliquely backward, beneath the platysma and cervical fascia, superficial to the submandibular gland, the digastricus and stylohyoideus muscles.
Clinical significance
Thrombophlebitis of the facial vein, (inflammation of the facial vein with secondary clot formation) can result in pieces of an infected clot extending into the cavernous sinus, forming thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus. Infections may spread from the facial veins into the dural venous sinuses. Infections may also be introduced by facial lacerations and by bursting pimples in the areas drained by the facial vein.
Additional images
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Facial vein
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Tracie is the third and final studio album by R&B singer Tracie Spencer released on June 29, 1999. Two singles were released from the album in 1999 with "It's All About You (Not About Me)" and "Still in My Heart", aided by music videos directed by Francis Lawrence and Kevin Bray, respectively. Tracie went to #114 on the Billboard 200 and #19 on R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart becoming her highest charting album on that chart.
Background and production
Tracie was Spencer's first album in nine years on Capitol Records. The primary reason for the length of time between her studio albums was due to Capitol's constant changes. At the time, the label went through several CEO's and eventually shut down their urban music division from 1996-1999. When the record label got a new president in former Arista Records executive Roy Lott, he revived Capitol's long-struggling urban music division. Spencer acknowledged the changes within Capitol in the liner notes of Tracie. She stated: "I have seen a lot of changes occur at the tower, but that's just the way life goes. I have nothing but love and respect for my record company. Change is good".
In between albums she recorded a couple of songs for the soundtracks of two films from the late 1990s. She sang "I'll Be There For You" for the 1997 Nickelodeon film Good Burger as well as the DJ Quik produced "The Rain" for the 1998 Maya Angelou directed film Down in the Delta. She worked with the Danish R&B production team Soulshock & Karlin for all but one song on Tracie, with Dallas Austin protege Arnold Hennings providing his lone contribution "Love To You".
Critical reception
Allmusic editor Jaime Sunao Ikeda called's the album "a grouping of average material sung by an above-average singer. Tracie Spencer's gift has always been her ability to outshine the other aspiring divas of the day with excellent pitch and phrasing. On Tracie, however, we find her wasting her talents [...] The first ten tracks are virtually indistinguishable from each other [...] This album could have also done with reverse sequencing of the tracks and varying the sound of the others. Despite the lack of notable material on this attempt, Spencer will always remain one of the shining stars of the late-'90s generation of singers."
Track listing
Sample credits
"No Matter" contains a sample of "Fun" by Brick.
"Not Gonna Cry" contains a sample of "Don't Tell It" by James Brown.
"It's On Tonight" contains a sample of "Get High Tonight" by Busta Rhymes.
Personnel
Drum Programming and Keyboards: Soulshock & Karlin, Arnold Hennings
Guitar: Craig B on "Still in My Heart", "Closer", "Nothing Broken But My Heart" and "Not Gonna Cry"
Background Vocals: Tamara Savage, Heavynn, Shiro, Sherron Bennett, Jacqueline Boyd, David Daughtery, Keisha Ealy, Yvette Williams
Rap: Sonja Blade on "Feelin' You"
Mixing: Manny Marroquin and Soulshock on all songs, except "Love To You" (Michael Patterson)
Mastering: Brian Gardner
Charts
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Tracie (album)
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Martin Daniels (born 19 August 1963) is an English magician entertainer, and television and radio presenter.
The son of the late magician Paul Daniels, Martin Daniels appeared regularly on his father's television shows. His subsequent television roles include presenting two series of Game for a Laugh and Lingo. He also appeared in five series of The Les Dennis Laughter Show. He has performed five times on the Children's Royal Variety Show and is a member of the Grand Order of Water Rats, which is the oldest and most exclusive theatrical fraternity in the world.
After opening a club in the United States in 1989 he was declared bankrupt four years later. He has since worked in radio, presenting a show for BBC Radio Lincolnshire, and performed in pantomime, and continues to perform magic on stage.
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Martin Daniels
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Alberta Provincial Highway No.Β 68, commonly referred to as HighwayΒ 68 and officially named Sibbald Creek Trail, is a highway in central Alberta, Canada, west of Calgary. In the west, Highway 68 begins at its intersection with HighwayΒ 40 and ends at HighwayΒ 1 (Trans-Canada Highway) approximately west of HighwayΒ 22 (Cowboy Trail). The road is paved for the final to Highway 1 all other sections are gravel. It is provides access to hiking, horseback riding and hunting areas, Sibbald Lake Campground, private ranching operations and gas fields in the area. Through travellers can use it as an alternate route to Kananaskis Country.
Major intersections
From west to east:
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Alberta Highway 68
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The Music Hall is a concert hall in Aberdeen, Scotland, formerly the city's Assembly Rooms, located on Union Street in the city centre.
History
The venue was designed in 1820 by Archibald Simpson, a notable Aberdeen architect, and cost Β£11,500 when it was originally constructed in 1822. It was opened to the public as a concert hall in 1859. In September 1896, the building hosted the first cinema screening in Aberdeen.
The building was renovated in the 1980s. It was closed for further extensive renovation in 2016 with a Β£9 million investment, and reopened in December 2018.
Suffragette activism
Aberdeen Music Hall was the scene of a suffragette activist incident in December 1907, when protesters disrupted a visit from the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Henry Asquith. This resulted in a fight in the orchestra pit and the suffragettes being thrown out. It also compromised Caroline Phillips' position as honorary secretary of the Aberdeen branch of the Women's Social and Political Union due to her opposition to this protest - she was ultimately dismissed in 1909.
Another incident occurred in 1912 when women hid with 'explosives' which turned out to be toy guns, when then Chancellor of the Exchequer Lloyd George was due to speak. The three women were arrested and imprisoned.
War Memorial
There is a bronze plaque inside the lobby of the Music Hall, bearing the names of all those from Aberdeen who served in the Spanish Civil War (1936β1939). The memorial was removed during the 2016 refurbishment and as of August 2019 is currently stored at the Aberdeen Trades Council.
Events
The Music Hall regularly plays host to the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, the Scottish Chamber Orchestra and the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, the annual Aberdeen International Youth Festival, and various pop/rock artists. Some notable artists who have performed at the Music Hall include David Bowie, Emeli SandΓ©, Led Zeppelin, Bullet for My Valentine, Placebo, Morrissey, Iron Maiden and Black Sabbath.
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Music Hall Aberdeen
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Muruvika or Muruvik is a village in the municipality of Malvik in TrΓΈndelag county, Norway. The village is located near the end of the StjΓΈrdalsfjorden, an arm of the Trondheimsfjord. The village sits about north of the village of Hommelvik, the municipal centre.
The European route E6 highway used to pass through the village, but the highway now goes through the Hell Tunnel just south of Muruvika. The MerΓ₯ker Line railway also passes through the village.
The village has a population (2018) of 483 and a population density of .
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Muruvik
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Llanilar is a village and community in Ceredigion, Wales, about southeast of Aberystwyth. It is the eponym of the hundred of Ilar. The population at the 2011 census was 1,085. The community includes Rhos-y-garth.
Name
In Welsh placenames, many smaller communities are named for their parish (llan), having grown up around the local church. This town's name honours its patron saint, although it is disputed whether that is the church's presumed founder Ilar (Welsh for "Hilary"), listed as a member of Cadfan's mission and a martyr but now almost totally forgotten, or the more famous Hilary who was bishop of Poitiers in France and is still celebrated by the Anglican and Catholic churches in Wales. (The confusion is not helped by Edward Williams's numerous forgeries which he included in the Iolo Manuscripts.)
History and amenities
There is a Roman site just to the east. The present village was built along the southern side of the scenic River Ystwyth and contains a parish church, Nonconformist chapel, primary school, GP Surgery, and garage. The village post office is now closed but a mobile van visits several times during the week.
St Hilary's Church () has a large square tower, chancel, nave, and porch. In the porch is a hollowed stone for holding holy water and, above the door, there is an ancient beam with carved heads and animals inscribed with the words J.S. W.W.A. Church Wardens, 1683. Under the name "Church of St Ilar", it is a grade II* listed building.
Llanilar railway station on the line from Carmarthen to Aberystwyth opened in 1867 and closed in 1964 following severe flooding in the Llanilar area.
Notable people
Saint Ilar (6th C. AD), a putative Breton missionary and martyr
John Jones (1700β1770), clergyman and controversialist
Evan Lewis (1818β1901), clergyman, Dean of Bangor Cathedral from 1884
Dai Jones MBE (1943β2022), a Welsh broadcaster who lived and farmed in Llanilar
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Llanilar
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Eugenio d'Ors Rovira (Barcelona, 28 September 1882 β Vilanova i la GeltrΓΊ, 25 September 1954) was a Spanish writer, essayist, journalist, philosopher and art critic. He wrote in both Catalan and Spanish, sometimes under the pseudonym of XΓ¨nius ().
Biography
Born in Barcelona in 1882, Eugenio d'Ors initiated himself in the modernist literary environments. He participated in his younger years, between nineteen and twenty-five years, in this aesthetic. He studied law in Barcelona and received his PhD degree in Madrid.
He collaborated from 1906 on in La Veu de Catalunya and was a member of Catalan Noucentisme. He was the secretary of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans in 1911 and director of the InstrucciΓ³ PΓΊblica de la Mancomunitat de Catalunya (Commonwealth of Catalonia) in 1917, but he left in 1920 after Enric Prat de la Riba's death. In 1923 he moved to Madrid where he became a member of the Real Academia EspaΓ±ola in 1927. In 1938, during Spanish Civil War he was the General Director on Fine Arts in the Francoist provisional government in Burgos.
He was the father of the noted Spanish jurist, historian and political theorist, Γlvaro d'Ors, and the grandfather of Juan d'Ors.
Works
In Catalan
La fi d'Isidre Nonell, 1902 (narraciΓ³)
Gloses de quaresma, 1911
La ben plantada, 1911
Gualba la de mil veus, 1911
Oceanografia del tedi, 1918
La vall de Josafat, 1918
Gloses de la vaga, 1919
In Spanish
Estudios de arte (1932)
IntroducciΓ³n a la vida angΓ©lica. Cartas a una soledad, 1939
NovΓsimo glosario (1946)
El secreto de la filosofΓa, 1947
La verdadera historia de Lidia de CadaquΓ©s, 1954
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Eugenio d'Ors
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Lunenburg English is a moribund, German-influenced dialect of English, spoken in the town of Lunenburg and Lunenburg County in the province of Nova Scotia. It is sometimes called "Lunenburg Dutch". The dialect shows unique features in pronunciation, e.g. unusual handling of rhotic consonants, in syntax and vocabulary, which portray the various sociohistorical influences.
History
Lunenburg was founded in 1753. Troops from Braunschweig-LΓΌneburg settled in Nova Scotia as well as many Germans, some Swiss and French (from MontbΓ©liard). In addition, between 1759 and 1768, around 8,000 New Englanders settled in Nova Scotia between 1759 and 1768; they also had a great influence upon the dialect in the county.
Although German emigrants at this time were mostly from the Electoral Palatinate and WΓΌrttemberg, the town LΓΌneburg where the name originates from was in the Electorate of Brunswick-LΓΌneburg. That might be caused by some German veterans who had been in the King's service. During the early years of the settlement German, French, and English were all spoken privately and in church. However, French died out first, while German prevailed longer. The majority of the Lunenburg settlers belonged either to Lutheranism or Calvinism. Several Lutheran churches used German for sermons and received German-speaking clergy from Germany or Pennsylvania, United States, until the end of the 19th century. Thus, the Lutheran church helped to preserve the language in public use.
German was more commonly used in the countryside than in the town itself. Most families who used German in the town were engaged in farming or simple labour. It is no longer spoken in the town. The ninth census of Canada, in 1951, revealed that 15,531 out of 33,183 of the population in Lunenburg show a German ethnic background. However, only 78 residents, all of whom presumably came from the oldest generation, listed German as their mother tongue.
Pronunciation in Lunenburg county "is known to be the only mainland White Canadian community to be non-rhotic." That shibboleth, however, cannot be traced back to influence from German since in the 18th century, it was highly rhotic. However, New England speech is non-rhotic, and one suggestion is that the New Englanders who settled seven or eight years after the non-English-speaking Foreign Protestants taught them English and so they greatly influenced the dialect.
Pronunciation
There are several unique characteristics regarding the pronunciation. The most distinctive is that it is nonrhotic and so vowel length is phonemic, like in Australian English. However, some homonyms and some smaller particularities are also limited to the region.
The accent is nonrhotic and so in terms of lexical sets, is merged with , and are merged with (making or, oar, and awe homophonous as ), and is merged with . and are the and vowels, which are the long versions of and (and so shared is differentiated from shed only by vowel length: ). Both and are rendered , the long counterpart of as in foot : sure , curb . There is word-internal linking , as in story (compare store ).
Not all people in Lunenburg still speak that way, especially since younger people tend to reintroduce the etymological . That is caused by the influence of newcomers who come from other parts of the province or from Massachusetts.
The ending points of the diphthongs (as in go ) tend to be fully close (), more similar to syllable-initial (as in yet and wet) than to .
The accent features Canadian raising and so flight has a different vowel from fly , and the noun house has a different vowel from the verb house . The raising is phonemic in the latter case and so the stressed vowel in the former word belongs to the phoneme (), and the corresponding verb has : . In Lunenburg, the phrase about a boat contains two identical stressed and two identical unstressed vowels: , rather than the Standard Canadian English , with distinct stressed vowels.
German influence
The non-rhoticity derives from the New England settlers (also proved by the fact that and are monophthongs , rather that opening diphthongs of the type found in German), there are also characteristics in the pronunciation that probably come from the German settlers.
One example is the tendency to pronounce in witch (including the historical in which, which does not exist in Lunenburg) the same as as in van, which is particular to the Lunenburg County and probably rooted in German, which has only .
Another example is the lack of the dental fricatives and , which are replaced by the alveolar stops and (rendering thank and tank homophonous as ).
Sample of a conversation between two people: "De kids vere over der in da woods, gettin inda dis an dat." "Dey never did?" "Yeah, an now dey gone da get some of dem der apples you see." "You don't say?" "no foolin, dey over der now." "Dey brung some of dem apples over heera da day before." "Oh, dey vere some good eatin I bet." "Now look, you make no nevermind, dose vere da best apples I ever did have, dey vas some good." "Oh, here dey come now, dey bedda know da wash der feet off."
The "t" at the end of words is usually silent: "get" becomes "ge."
Syntax
The few syntactical characteristics that are following are now very rare or have slowly stopped being used.
One example is the splitting of a verb, which is very common in German and used in Lunenburg as well.
German: mitgehen ('to go with someone')
Examples: Will you go with? I am going with. Come on with!
German: Abwaschen ('to wash off')
Example: Wash your face off!
Thus, use, once, and with can be found at the end of a sentence.
Vocabulary
Much vocabulary is from German stock, but a few extraordinary New England features are also rare or not used in the rest of southwestern Nova Scotia.
get awake instead of wake up
all in the sense of all gone (as in German); for example: My money is all
from German "to eat greedily"
raised doughnuts have the name which comes from the German word Fastnacht
: slices of dried apple, (singular) derives from the German word
means insipid and derives from the German
See also
Canadian English
Atlantic Canadian English
Pennsylvania German language
Rhoticity in English
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Lunenburg English
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Baltasar del AlcΓ‘zar (1530 in Seville, Spainβ16 February 1606 in Ronda) was a Spanish poet. He was the sixth child of Luis del AlcΓ‘zar. His poetry was about life and love, most of it spiced with a keen sense of humor.
Works
A short example of his poetry is Tres Cosas (Three Things):
Epigrams
A un giboso de delante
A una mujer escuΓ‘lida
Constanza
Dios nos guarde
DoΓ±a Valentina
El estudiante (The Student)
Hiere la hermosa Elvira...
Entraron en una danza... (El baile)
Job
La capa (The Hat)
La nariz de Clara
Los ojos de Ana
Salir por pies
Preso de amores
Su modo de vivir en la vejez
Una cena jocosa
Yo acuerdo revelaros un secreto.
Sonnets
A Cristo
Al amor
Cercada estΓ‘ mi alma de contrarios
Di, rapaz mentiroso.
Other
Cena jocosa
DiΓ‘logo entre dos perrillos
DiΓ‘logo entre un galΓ‘n y el eco
Consejos a una viuda.
Notes
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Baltasar del AlcΓ‘zar
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A roundhead was a type of mace used during the English Civil War. It is described as having a head about , a staff long inserted into the head, twelve iron spikes round about, with another spike in the end. In 1643 an article in Mercurius Civicus claimed the weapon was called a roundhead by the Cavaliers because they were to be used to beat the Roundheads into subjection.
References and notes
Attribution:
Polearms
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Roundhead (weapon)
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Varsity Trip is the official annual ski trip organised for students of Oxford and Cambridge universities. The first event was held in Wengen, Switzerland in 1922, with British students racing against each other and the local Wengen Ski Club. The event attracted 3,200 participants in 2011, and is the largest student snowsports event in the world.
History
Varsity Trip was founded as the facilitator of the Blues Ski Races between the University of Oxford and Cambridge University in 1922; at this time skiing was an expensive sport and it was almost exclusively attended by the racers and their families. However, even by the early 1960s the trip had grown to over 500 people of a wider range of abilities. Whilst originally a Christmas and New Year event, the trip has also gradually moved earlier to take advantage of lower prices. The trip now usually takes place in the first week of the university holidays in December, which is the first week of the season for most resorts. On all but a couple of occasions, the trip has visited the Alps, with the majority of recent trips travelling to one of the larger resorts in the French Alps, such as Val Thorens and Tignes.
The Final Night Party is an extremely popular event each year, usually with performances from global superstars. In 2015, Tinie Tempah performed, with Ms. Dynamite supporting.
Racing
The Blues race bears the distinction of being the world's oldest team ski event, with the racing event starting off as purely a downhill event, with slalom, jumping and langlauf counting for the first time in 1929. By 1955, Giant Slalom had been introduced, and the downhill and non-alpine events dropped. This is the same format that the competition takes to this day, with teams of 6 competing across the two disciplines. The combined time for each team is the 4 fastest racers in each discipline. A separate women's event was first run in 1980.
More recently, a selection of supplementary events have been trialled including the Combi and Super G events. The most recent competition to be introduced was the Super G event in 2007, which was won by Ben van Zwanenberg (Oxford).
The sport now has a Half Blue status at both universities, but this was not originally the case with the matter still being debated prior to the 1930 races. The top four racers in the first men's and women's teams are automatically awarded Half Blues. At the discretion of the Race Captain, another two Half Blues can be awarded; and, if certain conditions have been met, a Full Blue can be awarded. In 2014, the competition extended to snowboarders.
Notable past competitors include Roger Bushell who captained the Cambridge side and won the slalom event in 1931, and physicist Ondrej Krivanek who won the slalom in 1975. A number of Olympic skiers have also competed in the event including James Palmer-Tomkinson who won for Oxford in 1935 prior to competing in the 1936 Winter Olympics (the first Olympics at which Alpine Skiing was an event), his son Christopher Palmer-Tomkinson who also won for Oxford in 1961 before attending the 1964 Winter Olympics, and V. Goodwin in 1955.
Controversy
In January 2011, the December 2010 Varsity Trip's "Valley Rally" was criticised in the press after photographs were published on Facebook showing half naked students taking part in debauchery and lewd contests. The Scott Dunn travel agency, provider of prizes for the event which was held at Val Thorens in the French Alps, issued a statement saying that they did not endorse the "inappropriate behaviour" and that they "will have no future involvement" with the student-run event. The dean of St Anne's College at Oxford, Dr. Geraldine Hazburn, warned students that such behaviour was against school regulations, and that they should not "intentionally or recklessly engage in conduct likely to bring the college into disrepute". The "Valley Rally" has not taken place on the trip since.
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Varsity Trip
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Chongtar Kangri or Chongtar Peak is a mountain peak in the Xinjiang region of China. Chongtar is situated about northwest of K2 and lies very near China's border with Pakistan.
It was first summited by Australian climber Greg Mortimer, in 1994.
See also
Geography of China
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Chongtar Kangri
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Comparative Economic Systems is the sub-classification of economics dealing with the comparative study of different systems of economic organization, such as capitalism, socialism, feudalism and the mixed economy. It is widely held to have been founded by the economist Calvin Bryce Hoover. Comparative economics therefore consisted mainly of comparative economic systems analysis before 1989 but substantially switched its efforts to comparison of the economic effects of the transition experience from socialism to capitalism. It is a part of economics which is the study of gaining knowledge concerned with the production, consumption and transfer of wealth. It is based on the collective wants of the population and the resources available that initially create an economic system. The performance of the economic system can be measured through gross domestic product (GDP); that is, it will indicate the growth rate of country. Normative judgments can be made as well by asking questions like whether the gap of the distribution of wealth and income and social justice. Theoreticians regularly try to evaluate both the positive and normative aspects of the economic system in general and they do so by making assumptions about the rules of the game governing utility-seeking. It is comparatively easy to predict the economic outcomes when the economic system of the country has either a perfect competition or has a perfect planning economic system. With those types of the economic systems, it is easy to offer policy guidance.
Key roles in economic systems
Ethics, politics and culture play important roles in determining the performance of systems.
Common cultures may prohibit or restrict individual's satisfaction, ultimately changing the rule of the economic game while on the other hand, competitive societies may abuse of the economic system and over-stimulate self-seeking. Marxist culture of the 1930s, which associated markets with labor exploitation, obligated Stalin to adopt administrative command planning, and inhibited reform until attitudes softened under Khrushchev a quarter century later.
Merits of economic systems
There is no unity about right and wrong economic systems. Each type of economic system can be compared, based on a set of factors but generally, there is not a general agreement about which economic system is more right than the other. Hence, there is no single standard that is able to evaluate indisputably the merit of the economic system. Even though, facts can be gathered and models can be built to discuss the economic performance of a country, it cannot prove that any system is the best. With the proper guide, one is able to do normative assessments, that is measuring the potential, the moral and ethical reasoning of an economic system. Systems can be measured relative to the achievement of the rivals and normative assessments can be done based on statistics of the living standard, the gap of income and wealth distribution and the level of unemployment
The modeling of comparative economic is strongly affected by the perceptions on which accepted cultural, political and ethical motives are the most predominant as well as the importance of the demand and supply side factors.
There are three school of thoughts. The first one are comparativists - they rely on what extent does the economy depend on the market and the degree of government intervention. Others stress on motivation. Finally, most are more concerned with the interplay.
During the Cold War
The comparative study of economic systems was of significant practical and political significance during the Cold War, when the relative merits of capitalist and communist systems of economic and political organization were a central topic of political concern. One of the most important early contributions was the calculation debate regarding the assertion of Ludwig von Mises that a system of central planning could never work because the information generated by a price system would never be available to planners. One response was the advocacy and partial implementation of systems of market socialism.
The world economy after the Cold War
Despite huge economic inferiority, countries like Germany and Japan were at the brink of complete success before World War II. However, having a small army force and a lack of military weapons put an end to the success that was previously within their grasp during the first period of the war. Economic Systems' fundamentals changed drastically during the second period of the war. Military forces grew to be of more importance than the GDP or the population of a country. Countries that had a powerful military force could take risks and absorb the cost of mistakes and gain quantitative superiority against countries that had powerful economies but less arm-force.
The table below shows the balance post World War II.
After 1989
With the fall of Communism, attention shifted to problems of transition economies. With a handful of exceptions, all currently existing systems are capitalist in orientation, though the substantial economic role of the state supports the alternative view that the mixed economy has emerged as the dominant form of economic organisations.
Even in the absence of substantial differences between countries, the comparative study of economic systems of resource allocation is of considerable value in illustrating the implications of alternative methods of resource allocation, including markets, households, centralized allocation and custom.
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Comparative economic systems
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Trail of the Wolf is the twenty-fifth book of the Lone Wolf book series created by Joe Dever.
Gameplay
Lone Wolf books rely on a combination of thought and luck. Certain statistics such as combat skill and endurance attributes are determined randomly before play (reading). The player is then allowed to choose which Kai disciplines or skills he or she possess. This number depends directly on how many books in the series have been completed ("Kai rank"). With each additional book completed, the player chooses one additional Kai discipline. In this first book, the player starts with five disciplines.
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Trail of the Wolf
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Londa Schiebinger ( ; born May 13, 1952) is the John L. Hinds Professor of History of Science, Department of History, and by courtesy the d-school, Stanford University. She received her Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1984. An international authority on the theory, practice, and history of gender and intersectionality in science, technology, and medicine, she is the founding Director of Gendered Innovations in Science, Medicine, Engineering, and Environment. She is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Schiebinger received honorary doctorates from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium (2013), from the Faculty of Science, Lund University, Sweden (2017), and from Universitat de València, Spain (2018). She was the first woman in the field of History to win the prestigious Alexander von Humboldt Research Prize in 1999.
Over the past thirty years, Schiebinger has analyzed what she calls the three βfixesβ:
"Fix the Numbers of Women" focuses on increasing the underrepresented groups participating in science and engineering; "Fix the Institutions" promotes equity in careers through structural change in research organizations; and "Fix the Knowledge" or "gendered innovations" stimulates excellence in science and technology by integrating sex, gender, and intersectional analysis into research design. As a result of this work, she was recruited in a national search to direct Stanford University's Clayman Institute for Gender Research, a post she held from 2004 to 2010. Her job was to promote and support research on women and gender across Stanford Universityβfrom engineering, to philosophy, to medicine and business. In 2010 and 2014, she presented the keynote address and wrote the conceptual background paper for the United Nations' Expert Group Meeting on Gender, Science, and Technology. The UN Resolutions of March 2011 call for βgender-based analysis ... in science and technologyβ and for the integrations of a βgender perspective in science and technology curricula.β Again in 2022, she prepared the background paper for the United Nations 67th session of the Commission on the Status of Womenβs priority theme, Innovation and Technological Change, and Education in the Digital Age for Achieving Gender Equality and The Empowerment of all Women and Girls.
In 2013 she presented the Gendered Innovations project at the European Parliament. Gendered Innovations was also presented to the South Korean National Assembly in 2014. In 2015, Schiebinger addressed 600 participants from 40 countries on Gendered Innovations at the Gender Summit 6βAsia Pacific, a meeting devoted to gendered innovations in research. She speaks globally on gendered innovationsβfrom Brazil to Japan, and her work was recently presented in a Palace Symposium for the King and Queen of the Netherlands at the Royal Palace in Amsterdam. In 2018-2020, she led a European Commission Expert Group to produce Gendered Innovations 2: How Inclusive Analysis Contributes to Research and Innovation.
Schiebinger's work is highly interdisciplinary. In recognition of her creative work across academic fields of research, she was awarded the Interdisciplinary Leadership Award in the Stanford Medical School in 2010, the Linda Pollin Women's Heart Health Leadership Award from the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles in 2015, the Impact of Gender/Sex on Innovation and Novel Technologies Pioneer Award in 2016, and the American Medical Women's Association President's Recognition Award in 2017. She has held prestigious Fellowships at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin (1999β2000) and at the Stanford Humanities Center (2010/2011, 2017/2018, 2022/2023). She served as an advisor to the Berlin University Alliance, 2022/23.
Major works
Gendered Innovations in Science, Health & Medicine, Engineering, and Environment (2009-)
Schiebinger coined the term βgendered innovationsβ in 2005. In 2009, she launched Gendered Innovations in Science, Health & Medicine, Engineering, and Environment, a field of research and methodology, at Stanford University. The project was joined by the European Commission in 2011, by the U.S. National Science Foundation in 2012. Gendered Innovations received funding from the European Commission again in 2018/20 and from the U.S. National Science Foundation (2020/22 to expand methodologies and case studies. This project has brought together over 220 natural scientists, engineers, and gender experts in a series of collaborative workshop that drew talent from across the US, Europe, Canada, Asia, and, more recently, South Africa and Latin America. The project served as the intellectual foundations for the βgender dimension in researchβ requirements in the European Commission's Horizon 2020 funding framework. A Center for Gendered Innovations in Science and Technology Research was founded in Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2016; and the Institute for Gendered Innovation was created at Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan, 2022.
Gendered Innovations has developed practical methods of sex, gender, and intersectional analysis for STEM, and provided case studies as examples of how this type of analysis leads to discovery and innovations. The project highlights case studies, ranging from stem cell research, to osteoporosis research in men, to inclusive crash test dummies, social robots, machine learning, menstrual cups, nutrigenomics, marine science, medical technologies, and assistive technology for the elderly.
Of special note is the case study of Google Translate. In 2012, the gendered innovations team discovered that Google Translate defaults to the masculine pronoun because βhe saidβ is more commonly found on the web than βshe said.β Although this bias is unconscious, it has serious consequences. Unconscious gender bias from the past amplifies gender inequality in the future. When trained on historical data (as Google Translate is), the system inherits bias (including gender bias). In other words, past bias is perpetuated into the future, even when governments, universities, and companies, such as Google, themselves have implemented policies to foster equality. The goal of Gendered Innovations is to provide methods of analysis to help scientists and engineers can get the research right from the beginning.
Schiebinger has also worked to create infrastructure for gender-responsible science across the three pillars of academic infrastructure: funding agencies, peer-reviewed journals, and universities. She advises funding agencies, including the German Science Foundation and the U.S. National Science Foundation, on policies for integrating sex, gender, and diversity analysis into research. She and colleagues published guidelines for editors of medical journals to evaluate sex and gender analysis in manuscripts submitted for publication. She also seeks to help universities integrate social analysis into core natural science and engineering curricula. Finally, she advises industry on develop products that meet the needs of complex and diverse user groups.
Has Feminism Changed Science? (1999)
Schiebinger's book, Has Feminism Changed Science?, has been split into three sections: 'Women in Science', 'Gender in the Cultures of Science', and 'Gender in the Substance of Science'. Throughout the book, she describes the factors that led to the inequality between male and female in the science field. In addition, she gave examples of different types of women in the society. An important idea brought up in the book was the private versus the public, where the private sphere is seen as the domain of women and public sphere as an area refers for men. Another important point she brought up was that the idea of including women in the fields of science does not mean that the sciences will adopt a more feminist view point. A simple increase in the number of women in a given field does not change the culture of that field. The construction of gender and science is a cycle in that ideas of gender are brought to the table already when practicing science and can inform what evidence people look for or areas they choose to study, and that whatever is found then influences theories of gender. The various contradictions shown through the achievements and silencing of women in science throughout history shows how nature and the society can influence gender and science. Schiebinger not only addresses the gender in the context of science, she also describes the feminism is changed through the history and culture. It is important to note that the book is written from a Western perspective and that the culture she discusses is that of the Western World, and in many cases, more specifically, the United States.
The first of the book's three sections takes a look at the impacts of some of the first women to be known to have participated in science, such as Christine de Pizan and Marie Curie. The section also examines the numerical count of women in the various fields of science in academics in the late 20th century United States, as well as looking at the breakdown of other factors, such as pay rates and the level of degree held, in relation to gender. The section goes on to theorize that the cultural reinforcement of gender roles may play a factor as to why there are fewer women in science.
The second section, 'Gender in the Cultures of Science', argues that science has been gendered as being a masculine field and that women report a distaste for the excessive competition fostered by academic science. The section also argues that the splitting of gender roles in personal life, where women still take on a majority of domestic responsibilities, may be a reason that is hindering women in scientific fields from accomplishing more.
The third section of the book, 'Gender in the substance of Science' details the perspectives that women have brought to fields such as medicine, primatology, archeology, biology, and physics. In fact, Schiebinger states that as of the writing of the book, that women earned nearly 80 percent of all Ph.D.s in primatology, and yet, despite this, having a large number of women scientists in a field does not necessarily lead to a change in the assumptions of science, or the culture of science.
The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science (1989)
Using a theory coined by François Poullain de la Barre, Schiebinger's prize-winning historical work focuses on eighteenth-century history of science and medicine. The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science (1989) is one of the first scholarly works to investigate women and gender in the origins of modern Western science. The Mind Has No Sex? exposed the privileged first-born twins of modern science: the myth of the natural body, and the myth of value-neutral knowledge. As Schiebinger demonstrates, the claim of science to objectivity was the linchpin holding together a system that rendered women's exclusion from science invisible, and made this exclusion appear fair and just. She argues that women were ready and willing to take their place in science in the early modern period in astronomy, physics, mathematics, anatomy, and botany. But it was not to be.
Schiebinger first identifies these women and the structures of early modern European society that allowed them a place in science. Of note is her work on German women working in guild-like sciencesβMaria Sibylla Merian and Maria Margarethe Winkelmann. Schiebinger uncovered the story of Winkelmann, a noted astronomer, and described important paths not taken with respect to women in science in the eighteenth century. Winkemann, for example, applied to be the astronomer of the royal academy of sciences in Berlin when her husband died in 1710. Despite the great philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnizβs support, she was rejected. With that, the door slammed on women astronomers for the next several centuries.
Not only were women, such as Merian and Winkelmann, excluded from modern science but something called βfemininityβ was also excluded. The best known part of this book is Schiebinger's chapter on βSkeletons in the Closet,β where she tells the story of the first illustrations of female skeletons in European anatomy. Schiebinger argues that it was the attempt to define the position of women (especially white middle-class women) in European society at large and in science in particular that spawned the first representations of the female skeleton. Great debate arose over the particular strengths and weakness of these female skeletons, focusing in particular on depictions of the skull as a measure of intelligence and pelvis as a measure of womanliness. After the 1750s, the anatomy of sex difference provided a kind of bedrock upon which to build natural relations between the sexes. The seemingly superior build of the male body (and mind) was cited to justify his social role. At the same time, the particularities of the female body justified her natural role as wife and mother. Women were not to be men's equals in science and society, but their complements.
This internationally acclaimed book has been translated into Japanese, German, Chinese, Portuguese, Spanish, Korean, and Greek.
Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science (1993)
This book, written immediately after The Mind has No Sex?, focuses on how knowledge is gendered. It explores how gender structured important aspects of the content of early modern science, with case studies exploring the sexing of plants, the gender politics of taxonomies and nomenclatures, the gendering of apes, and the agency ascribed to women in shaping racial characters. Her chapter on the βPrivate Lives of Plants,β focuses on Carl Linnaeus and how his taxonomies contributed to naturalizing the role of βwomanβ in modern culture. Quaint hyperbole of plants celebrating steamy nuptials on softly perfumed pedaled beds surrounded the discovery of plant sexuality. Plant sexuality was strongly assimilated to heterosexual models of human affections, even though the majority of the flowers are hermaphroditic. Here Schiebinger reveals how Linnaean taxonomy recapitulated social hierarchies by setting the taxon defined by the male stamens above that defined by female pistils.
Best known is her chapter βWhy Mammals are Called Mammals.β recounting the torrid history of the breast in eighteenth-century Europe. More importantly, this chapter zeroes in on how notions of gender formed scientific taxonomies, and how these taxonomies buttressed gender roles in science and society. By emphasizing how natural it was for femalesβboth human and nonhumanβto suckle their own children, Linnaeus's newly coined Mammalia helped to legitimize the restructuring of European society in an age of cultural upheaval and revolution.
This book also contains chapters on the eighteenth-century origins of scientific studies of sex and race, and their relation to questions about who should be included and who excluded from newly emerging scientific institutions.
Nature's Body won the 1995 Ludwik Fleck Book Prize from the Society for Social Studies of Science, and her article, βWhy Mammals are Called Mammals,β featured on the cover of the American Historical Review, won the 1994 History of Women in Science Prize from the History of Science Society.
Plants and Empire: Colonial Bioprospecting in the Atlantic World (2004)
Shifting attention from Europe to the Atlantic World, Schiebinger published Plants and Empire in 2004. Developing a new methodology, βagnotologyβ (defined as the cultural history of ignorance), she explores the movement, triumph, suppression, and extinction of the diverse knowledges in the course of eighteenth-century encounters between Europeans and the inhabitants of the Caribbeanβboth indigenous Amerindians and African slaves. While much history of colonial science has focused on how knowledge is made and moved between continents and heterodox traditions, Schiebinger explores instances of the nontransfer of important bodies of knowledge from the New World into Europe.
Schiebinger tells the remarkable story of Maria Sibylla Merian, one of the few European women to voyage for science in the eighteenth century. In a moving passage in her magnificent 1705 Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium, the German-born naturalist Merian recorded how the Indian and African slave populations in Surinam, then a Dutch colony, used the seeds of a plant she identified as the flos pavonis, literally βpeacock flowerβ, as an abortifacient to abort their children so they would not become slaves like themselves. This book reveals how gender relations in Europe and its West Indian colonies influenced what European bioprospectors collectedβand failed to collectβas they entered the rich knowledge traditions of the Caribbean. As Schiebinger tells, abortifacients were a body of knowledge that did not circulate freely between the West Indies and Europe. Trade winds of prevailing opinion impeded shiploads of New World abortifacients and knowledge of their use from ever reaching Europe.
This book won the prize in Atlantic History from the American Historical Association in 2005, the Alf Andrew Heggoy Book Prize from the French Colonial Historical Society in 2005, and the J. Worth Estes Prize for the History of Pharmacology from the American Association for the History of Medicine in 2005. These prizes demonstrate her ability to win the admiration of scholars across a wide-variety of disciplines.
Secret Cures of Slaves: People, Plants, and Medicine in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (2017)
From 1932 to 1972, 600 impoverished Alabamian African-American sharecroppers were exploited by the U.S. Public Health Service in its Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932β1972). This book explores the eighteenth-century background of medical experimentation with humans, asking in particular if the large populations of enslaved people, concentrated on American plantations, were used as human guinea pigs.
A major finding of Secret Cures of Slaves is that, in many instances, European physicians in the British and French West Indies did notβas might be expectedβuse enslaved people as guinea pigs. Enslaved laborers were considered valuable property of powerful plantation owners whom doctors were employed to serve. The master's will prevailed over a doctor's advice, and colonial physicians did not always have a free hand in devising medical experiments to answer scientific questions.
Yet, enslaved people were exploited in eighteenth-century. Schiebinger tells those stories, and also sets these findings firmly in the context of slavery, colonial expansion, the development of drug testing, and medical ethics of the time. It seeks to answer questions about sex and race in medical testing. Specifically, how were human subjects in this period chosen for experiments, and how were notions of uniformity and variability across living organisms developed? Did physicians imagine a natural human body that once tested held universally? Were tests done on white bodies thought to hold for Black bodies (and vice versa)? Were male and female bodies considered interchangeable in this regard? These questions are today still key to the mission of protecting and improving human health.
Schiebinger also expands our knowledge of African and Amerindian contributions to health and medicine. Europeans, from the sixteenth through to the end of the eighteenth century, tended to value medical knowledge of the peoples they encountered around the world, especially those who were experienced in what we today call tropical medicine. In the Caribbean, Europeans tested many of these medical techniques. Schiebinger explores what was thought of at the time as βslave medicineβ (often a fusion of Amerindian and African cures) in the eighteenth-century West Indies in order to gather and evaluate African and American contributions to health and healing. She argues that proper care of enslaved people as well as soldiers and sailors was a matter of moral concern in this period to be sure, but also a means to secure the wealth of nations. Schiebinger analyzes the circulation of medical knowledge between Africa, Europe, and the Americas, and emphasizes that knowledge created in this period did not respond to science for its own sake, but was fired in the colonial crucible of conquest, slavery, violence, and secrecy.
Personal life
Her partner is Robert N. Proctor, and her children are Geoffrey Schiebinger, now professor of mathematics and computational biology, and Jonathan Proctor, now professor of environmental economics. She and her husband each gave their name to one of their two children.
Selected bibliography
A Framework for Sex, Gender, and Diversity Analysis in Research: Funding Agencies Have Ample Room to Improve Their Policies (Science, 2022) doi:10.1126/science.abp977
Sex and Gender Analysis Improves Science and Engineering (Nature, 2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1657-6
AI can be Sexist and Racistβ Itβs Time to Make it Fair (Nature, 2018) doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05707-8
Secret Cures of Slaves: People, Plants, and Medicine in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (Stanford University Press, 2017)
Women and Gender in Science and Technology, 4 vols. (London: Routledge, 2014),
Gendered Innovations: How Gender Analysis Contributes to Research, ed. with Ineke Klinge (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013)
"Changing Assumptions", American Scientist, SeptemberβOctober 2008
Selected media coverage
"Londa Schiebinger: Inclusive Design Will Help Create AI That Works for Everyone", by Prabha Kannan, Stanford Human-Centered AI Institute, July 2022.
"Women in STEM Need More Than a Law", by Caitlin McDermott-Murphy, Harvard Gazette, June 22, 2022
"The Researcher Fighting to Embed Analysis of Sex and Gender into Science", by Elizabeth Gibney, Nature, November 2020
"Academics 'Need Training' on Sex and Gender in Research", by Ellie Bothwell, Times Higher Education, November 7, 2019
"Gender Diversity is Linked to Research Diversity, Stanford Historian Says", by Amy Adams, Stanford News, October 4, 2018
"Why Gendered Medicine Can Be Good Medicine", by Rena Xu, The New Yorker, November 6, 2017
Peer-reviewed website
Gendered Innovations in Science, Health & Medicine, Engineering, and Environment.
Prizes and awards
Schiebinger's awards have included
Global Navigation Board Member, University of Tokyo, Japan, 2023
Berlin Falling Walls Breakthrough Winner in Science & Innovation Management, 2022
Honorary Doctorate, Universitat de València, Spain, 2018
Honorary Doctorate, Faculty of Science, Lund University, Sweden, 2017
Medical Women's Association President's Recognition Award, 2017
Impact of Gender/Sex on Innovation and Novel Technologies Pioneer Award, 2016
Linda Pollin Women's Heart Health Leadership Award, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 2015
Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2014
Honorary Doctorate, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2013
Distinguished Affiliated Professor, Technische UniversitΓ€t, MΓΌnichen, 2011-
Board of Trustees, Institute for Advanced Studies, Technische UniversitΓ€t, Munich, 2011-
Interdisciplinary Leadership Award, 2010, Women's Health, Stanford School of Medicine
2007-2009 Board of Trustees, RWTH Aachen, Germany
2006 Maria Goeppert-Meyer distinguished Visitor, Oldenburg University, Germany
2005 Prize in Atlantic History, American Historical Association, for Plants and Empire
2005 Alf Andrew Heggoy Book Prize, French Colonial Historical Society, for Plants and Empire
2005 J. Worth Estes Prize for the History of Pharmacology, American Association for the History of Medicine, for Feminist History of Colonial Science
2005 Jantine Tammes Chair, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
1999 Alexander von Humboldt Research Prize, Berlin
2001-2004 National Science Foundation Grant
2002-2004 National Science Foundation Scholars Award
1999-2000 Max-Planck-Institut fΓΌr Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin Senior Research Fellow
1998 National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine Fellowship
1994 Margaret W. Rossiter History of Women in Science Prize
1991β1993, 1996 National Science Foundation Scholars Award
1995 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1991β1992 Guggenheim Fellow
1988β1989 Rockefeller Foundation Humanist-in-Residence
1986β1987 National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship
1985-1986 Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship
Summer 1985 Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst Grant
1983β1984 Charlotte W. Newcombe Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship, Woodrow Wilson Foundation
Summer 1982 Marion and Jasper Whiting Fellowship, Paris
1980β1981 Fulbright-Hayes Graduate Scholar in Germany
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Londa Schiebinger
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Dibutyl sebacate (DBS) is an organic chemical, a dibutyl ester of sebacic acid. Its main use is as a plasticizer in production of plastics, namely cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and many synthetic rubbers (especially nitrile rubber and neoprene) and other plastics. It can be used for plastics in use in the food packaging industry, in plastics used for medical devices, and for pharmaceutical applications, e.g. as a plasticizer for film coating of tablets, beads, and granules. It is also used as a lubricant in shaving lotions, and a flavoring additive in non-alcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, and baked goods. It provides excellent compatibility with a range of plastic materials, superior properties at low temperatures, and good oil resistivity. Its other names include Morflex, Kodaflex, polycizer, Proviplast 1944 and PX 404. Dibutyl sebacate is also used as a desensitizer in Otto fuel II, a torpedo monopropellant.
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Dibutyl sebacate
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Uperodon is a genus of microhylid frogs. They occur in South Asia (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh) and Myanmar. Uperodon reached its current composition in 2016 when the genus Ramanella was brought into its synonymy. The common names of these frogs are globular frogs and balloon frogs in reference to their stout appearance, or dot frogs, the last specifically referring to the former Ramanella.
Uperodon includes burrowing frogs that eat ants and termites.
Species
There are 12 recognized species:
Uperodon anamalaiensis (Rao, 1937)
Uperodon globulosus (GΓΌnther, 1864)
Uperodon montanus (Jerdon, 1853)
Uperodon mormoratus (Rao, 1937)
Uperodon nagaoi (Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 2001)
Uperodon obscurus (GΓΌnther, 1864)
Uperodon palmatus (Parker, 1934)
Uperodon rohani Garg, Senevirathne, Wijayathilaka, Phuge, Deuti, Manamendra-Arachchi, Meegaskumbura, and Biju, 2018
Uperodon systoma (Schneider, 1799)
Uperodon taprobanicus (Parker, 1934)
Uperodon triangularis (GΓΌnther, 1876)
Uperodon variegatus (Stoliczka, 1872)
The AmphibiaWeb also lists Uperodon minor Rao, 1937, which is considered synonym of Uperodon anamalaiensis by the Amphibian Species of the World.
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Uperodon
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Politics of Cape Verde takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Cape Verde is the head of government and the President of the Republic of Cape Verde is the head of state, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The constitution, first approved in 1980 and substantially revised in 1992, forms the basis of government organization. It declares that the government is the "organ that defines, leads, and executes the general internal and external policy of the country" and is responsible to the National Assembly.
Political conditions
Following independence in 1975, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) established a one-party political system. This became the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV) in 1980, as Cape Verde sought to distance itself from Guinea-Bissau, following unrest in that country.
In 1991, following growing pressure for a more pluralistic society, multi-party elections were held for the first time. The opposition party, the Movement for Democracy (Movimento para a Democracia, MpD), won the legislative elections, and formed the government. The MpD candidate also defeated the PAICV candidate in the presidential elections. In the 1996 elections, the MpD increased their majority, but in the 2001 the PAICV returned to power, winning both the Legislative and the Presidential elections.
Generally, Cape Verde enjoys a stable democratic system. The elections have been considered free and fair, there is a free press, and the rule of law is respected by the State. In acknowledgment of this, Freedom House granted Cape Verde two first places in its annual Freedom in the World report, a perfect score. It is the only African country to receive this score.
The Prime Minister is the head of the government and as such proposes other ministers and secretaries of state. The Prime Minister is nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the President. The President is the head of state and is elected by popular vote for a five-year term; the most recent elections were held in 2021.
Also in the legislative branch, the National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional) has 72 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation.
Movement for Democracy (MpD) ousted the ruling African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV) for the first time in 15 years in the 2016 parliamentary election. The leader of MpD, Ulisses Correia e Silva has been prime minister since 2016. Jorge Carlos Almeida Fonseca was elected president in August 2011 and re-elected in October 2016. He is also supported by MpD.
In April 2021, the ruling centre-right Movement for Democracy (MpD) of Prime Minister Ulisses Correia e Silva, won the parliamentary election. In October 2021, opposition candidate and former prime minister, Jose Maria Neves of PAICV, won Cape Verde's presidential election. On 9 November 2021, Jose Maria Neves was sworn in as the new President of Cape Verde.
Political parties and elections
Courts and criminal law
The judicial system is composed of the Supreme Court and the regional courts. Of the five Supreme Court judges, one is appointed by the President, one by the National Assembly, and three by the Superior Judiciary Council. This council consists of the President of the Supreme Court, the Attorney General, eight private citizens, two judges, two prosecutors, the senior legal inspector of the Attorney General's office, and a representative of the Ministry of Justice. Judges are independent and may not belong to a political party. In October 2000, a female judge who was known for taking strict legal measures in cases of domestic violence was transferred from the capital to the countryside. Separate courts hear civil, constitutional and criminal cases. Appeal is to the Supreme Court. Reforms to strengthen an overburdened judiciary were implemented in 1998. Free legal counsel is provided to indigents, defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty, and trials are public. Judges must lay charges within 24 hours of arrests. The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary, and the government generally respects this provision in practice. The constitution provides for the right to a fair trial and due process, and an independent judiciary usually enforces this right. Unlike in the previous year, there were no reports of politicization and biased judgement in the judiciary. Cases involving former public office holders still are under investigation. For example, investigations continued in the case of the former prime minister accused of embezzlement in the privatization of ENACOL (a parastatal oil supply firm) in which he allegedly embezzled approximately $16,250 (2 million Cape Verdean escudos) from the buyers of the parastatal. The case of four persons accused of church desecration in 1996 also was under investigation. These individuals filed a complaint with the Attorney General against the judiciary police for alleged fabrication of evidence.
The constitution provides for the right to a fair trial. Defendants are presumed to be innocent; they have the right to a public, non-jury trial; to counsel; to present witnesses; and to appeal verdicts. Regional courts adjudicate minor disputes on the local level in rural areas. The Ministry of Justice does not have judicial powers; such powers lie with the courts.
The judiciary generally provides due process rights; however, the right to an expeditious trial is constrained by a seriously overburdened and understaffed judicial system. A backlog of cases routinely leads to trial delays of 6 months or more; more than 10,780 cases were pending at year's end. In addition the right of victims to compensation and recovery for pain and mental suffering are overlooked, due both to the low damage assessments imposed and ineffective enforcement of court sentences.
Administrative divisions
Cape Verde is divided into 22 municipalities (concelhos, singular - concelho): Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Porto Novo, Praia, Ribeira Grande, Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina do Fogo, Santa Cruz, SΓ£o Domingos, SΓ£o Filipe, SΓ£o LourenΓ§o dos ΓrgΓ£os, SΓ£o Miguel, SΓ£o Nicolau, SΓ£o Salvador do Mundo, SΓ£o Vicente, Tarrafal, Tarrafal de SΓ£o Nicolau.
Voting rights for non citizens
Article 24 of the Cape Verde Constitution states that
alinea 3.: "Rights not conferred to foreigners and apatrids may be attributed to citizens of countries with Portuguese as an official language, except for access to functions of sovereignty organs, service in the armed forces or in the diplomatic career."
alinea 4. "Active and passive electoral capacity can be attributed by law to foreigners and apatrid residents on the national territory for the elections of the members of the organs of the local municipalities."
The website of the governmental Institute of Cape Verde Communities states that such a measure was adopted "to stimulate reciprocity from host countries of Cape Verdian migrants".
A law nr. 36/V/97 was promulgated on August 25, 1997 regulating the "Statute of Lusophone Citizen", concerning nationals from any country member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (article 2), stating in its article 3 that "The lusophone citizen with residence in Cape Verde is recognized the active and passive electoral capacity for municipal elections, under conditions of the law. The lusophone citizen with residence in Cape Verde has the right to exercise political activity related to his electoral capacity."
International organization participation
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, ITUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (applicant)
Sources
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Politics of Cape Verde
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Scott Werndorfer (born August 1, 1980) is the co-founder and head developer of Cerulean Studios, a company responsible for creating Trillian, a popular instant messaging client.
Werndorfer is a native of Brookfield, Connecticut. He was a network security consultant at Integralis before founding Cerulean Studios. He did not complete college, but instead, used US$ 10,000 of his savings to start Cerulean Studios together with fellow computer programmer Kevin Kurtz. The two originally depended on donations from the freeware version of Trillian, which they first released on July 1, 2000.
As their product quickly garnered attention of the tech media, Werndorfer had become the spokesperson of his company, and he had been interviewed on several newspapers and magazines, and an appearance on TechTV. He was also the spokesperson when Trillian was blocked by AOL and Yahoo!.
In 2003 his company released a commercial version of Trillian. The earnings helped support the company and add more employees.
The offices of Cerulean Studios are located in Connecticut.
He was a speaker at the iX Conference in Singapore in June 2006.
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Scott Werndorfer
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Craig O'Neil Grant (December 18, 1968 β March 24, 2021), also known as Craig muMs Grant and muMs the Schemer, was an American poet and actor best known for his role as Arnold "Poet" Jackson on the HBO series Oz.
Life and career
Grant was born in New York City and raised in the Bronx. His father, Samuel, was a locksmith and carpenter at Montefiore Hospital, and his mother, Theresa (nΓ©e Maxwell), was a teacher. He attended Mount St. Michael Academy High School, Bronx, New York. He
first gained widespread attention as a poet and performer when he was featured in the documentary SlamNation, which followed him and the other poets of 1996 Nuyorican Poetry Slam Team (Saul Williams, Beau Sia and Jessica Care Moore) as they competed at the 1996 National Poetry Slam.
Grant took the name "muMs" when he was 20 and performing in a rap group. Due to retaining traces of a childhood lisp, a friend suggested he call himself βMumblesβ, which Grant shortened to "muMs", as an acronym for "manipulator under Manipulation shhhhhhh!"
In Words in Your Face: A Guided Tour Through Twenty Years of the New York City Poetry Slam, author Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz wrote of Grant's time in slam poetry, noting his writing "was street poetry at its purest. Thoughtful, precise but not without humor, his work spoke honestly about the life he and his friends and family lived and the city that he loved."
muMs performed his poetry on seasons 2, 3 and 4 of HBO's Def Poetry Jam, and was a member of New York City's LAByrinth Theater Company. In October 2007, muMs played a role in A View from 151st Street, a play about people trying to reconstruct their lives after gunfire.
In September 2014, muMs wrote and performed "A Sucker Emcee", hip-hop and slam poetry, based on his personal recollections.
In February 2015, muMs' play, titled Paradox of the Urban ClichΓ©, about a young couple living in Harlem, was performed at the Wild Project as part of the Poetic Theater Productions's Poetic License festival.
In February 2015, muMs played a role in The Insurgents, a play about rage among the free, brave, and disenfranchised, produced by LAByrinth Theater Company.
Grant guest-starred in the 2016 Netflix series Luke Cage as Reggie "Squabbles", and was featured as a recurring character, Ricardo, on three episodes of Louis C.K.'s web series Horace and Pete. He appeared in two films by Steven Soderbergh, and had supporting roles in films including Bringing Out the Dead, Bamboozled, Birdman, and Good Time.
Death
Grant died in Wilmington, North Carolina on March 24, 2021, aged 52. His manager, Sekka Scher, said the cause was complications of diabetes.
Filmography
Film
Television
Video Games
Documentary
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Craig Grant
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Haplogroup J is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to haplogroup T. Within the field of medical genetics, certain polymorphisms specific to haplogroup J have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.
Origin
Around 45,000 years before present, a mutation took place in the DNA of a woman who lived in the Near East or Caucasus. Further mutations occurred in the J line, which can be identified as the subclades J1a1, J1c1 (27,000 yrs ago), J2a (19,000 yrs ago), J2b2 (16,000 years ago), and J2b3 (5,800 yrs ago). Haplogroup J bearers along with persons carrying the T mtDNA clade settled in Europe from the Near East during the late Paleolithic and Mesolithic.
*Typographical error, was 161,600 years from original source material as per time table describing the spread of populations given in the same study.
However, any statements concerning the geographic origin of this or any other haplogroup are highly speculative and considered by most population geneticists to be 'story telling' and outside the domain of science. Furthermore, inferring close associations between a haplogroup and a specific archaeological culture can be equally problematic.
Distribution
Basal haplogroup J* is found among the Soqotri (9.2%).
The average frequency of haplogroup J as a whole is today highest in the Near East (12%), followed by Europe (11%), the Caucasus (8%) and Northeast Africa (6%). Of the two main sub-groups, J1 takes up four-fifths of the total and is spread widely on the continent while J2 is more localised around the Mediterranean, Greece, Italy/Sardinia and Spain.
There is also limited evidence that the subclade J1 has long been present in Central Asia. For instance, perhaps the highest incidence of haplogroup J is the 19% of Polish Roma, who belong to J1 (although this has also been ascribed to a "founder effect" of some kind). In Pakistan, where West Eurasian lineages occur at frequencies of up to 50% in some ethno-linguistic groups, the incidence of J1 averages around 5%, while J2 is very rare. However, J2 is found amongst 9% of the Kalash minority of north-west Pakistan.
In the Arabian peninsula, mtDNA haplogroup J is found among Saudis (10.5β18.8% J1b) and Yemenis (0β20% J1b). The J1b subclade also occurs in the Near East among Iraqis (7.1%) and Palestinians (4%).
In Africa, haplogroup J is concentrated in the northeast. It is found among Algerians (3.23β14.52%), as well as Sudanese Copts (10.3% J1a; 10.3% J2), Sudanese Fulani (10.7% J1b), Meseria (6.7% J1b), Arakien (5.9% J1b), Egyptians (5.9%), Mozabite Berbers (3.53%), Sudanese Hausa (2.9% J1b), Zenata Berbers (2.74%), Beja (2.1% J1b), and Reguibate Sahrawi (0.93%).
Within Europe, >2% frequency distribution of mtDNA J is as follows:
J* = Ireland β 12%, England-Wales β 11%, Scotland β 9%, Orkney β 8%, Germany β 7%, Russia (European) β 7%, Iceland β 7%, Austria-Switzerland β 5%, Finland-Estonia β 5%, Spain-Portugal β 4%, France-Italy β 3%
J1a = Austria-Switzerland β 3%
J1b1 = Scotland β 4%
J2 = France-Italy β 2%
J2a = Homogenously spread in Europe; absent in the nations around the Caucasus; not known to be found elsewhere.
J2b1 = Virtually absent in Europe; found in diverse forms in the Near East.
J2b1a = Found in Western Europe and Russia.
Haplogroup J has also been found among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Pre-Ptolemaic/late New Kingdom, Ptolemaic, and Roman periods. Haplogroup J has been observed in ancient Guanche fossils excavated in Gran Canaria and Tenerife on the Canary Islands, which have been dardiocarbon-dated to between the 7th and 11th centuries CE. All of the clade-bearing individuals were inhumed at the Tenerife site, with one specimen found to belong to the J1c3 subclade (1/7; ~14%). The J clade has also been found among Iberomaurusian specimens dating from the Epipaleolithic at the Afalou prehistoric site. Around 22% of the observed haplotypes belonged to various J subclades, including undifferentiated J (1/9; 11%) and J1c3f (1/9; 11%).
In Eastern Siberia, haplogroup J1c5 has been observed in samples of Yakuts (3/111 = 2.7% Vilyuy Yakut, 2/148 = 1.4% Northern Yakut, 1/88 = 1.1% Central Yakut, 1/164 = 0.6% Central Yakut), Evenks in Yakutia (4/125 = 3.2%), and Evens in Yakutia (1/105 = 1.0%). Haplogroup J2a2b3 has been observed in a sample of Nyukzha Evenks (2/46 = 4.3%). Haplogroup J2 also has been observed in a sample of Evenks collected in Olenyoksky District, Zhigansky District, and Ust-Maysky District of Yakutia (7/125 = 5.6%). One instance of haplogroup J1c10a1 has been observed in the Human Genome Diversity Project's sample of ten Oroqen individuals from northernmost China.
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup J subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.
Genetic traits
It has been theorized that the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation related to SNPs which define mt-haplogroup J consequently produces higher body heat in the phenotype of mtDNA J individuals. This has been linked to selective pressure for the presence of the haplogroup in northern Europe, particularly Norway. Individuals from haplogroups UK, J1c and J2 were found to be more susceptible to Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy because they have reduced oxidative phosphorylation capacity, which results in part from lower mtDNA levels. J mtDNA has also been associated with HIV infected individuals displaying accelerated progression to AIDS and death. The T150C mutation, which is exclusive to but not definitive of, the J2 subclade of Haplogroup J may be part of a likely nuclearly controlled general machinery regarding the remodeling & replication of mtDNA. Controlling a remodeling which could accelerate mtDNA replication thus compensating for oxidative damage in mtDNA as well as functional deterioration occurring with old age related to it. Haplogroup J was found to be a protective factor against ischemic cardiomyopathy. It was also found that Haplogroup J was a protective factor among osteoarthritis patients from Spain but not from UK, and this was hypothesized to be due to a different genetic composition (polymorphisms) of the Haplogroup J in both populations. A study involving patients of European and West Asian origin or descent showed that individuals classified as haplogroup J or K demonstrated a significant decrease in risk of Parkinson's disease versus individuals carrying the most common haplogroup, H.
Popular culture
Mario Batali's mtdna is J1.
Ximena Navarrete Miss Universe 2010, is haplogroup J.
Richard III of England had J1c2c3 mtDNA haplogroup.
in Bryan Sykes' book The Seven Daughters of Eve, haplogroup J is referred to as 'Clan Jasmine'.
See also
Genealogical DNA test
Genetic genealogy
Human mitochondrial genetics
Population genetics
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Haplogroup J (mtDNA)
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Wykey is a hamlet in Shropshire, England.
It is approximately 2 miles north of the larger village of Ruyton-XI-Towns, and is recognised as one of the eleven ("XI") towns.
In the centre of the village one can find the rare sight of a 19th-century, Victorian red postbox and red telephone box, which amount to its only facilities.
See also
Listed buildings in Ruyton-XI-Towns
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Wykey
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Spirorbis is a genus of very small () polychaete worms, usually with a white coiled shell. Members of the genus live in the lower littoral and sublittoral zones of rocky shores. Spirorbis worms usually live attached to seaweeds, but some species live directly on rocks, shells or other hard substrates. Spirorbis was once thought to have a fossil record extending back into the Early Paleozoic, but now all pre-Cretaceous spirorbins are known to be microconchids. The earliest members of genus appeared in the Miocene, but Oligocene finds may
also be possible. The genus contains the following species:
Spirorbis borealis Daudin, 1800
Spirorbis corallinae De Silva and Knight-jones, 1962
Spirorbis cuneatus Gee, 1964
Spirorbis granulatus
Spirorbis incongruus
Spirorbis inornatus L'hardy and Quievreux, 1962
Spirorbis knightjonesi Desilva, 1965
Spirorbis lineatus
Spirorbis marioni (Caullery and Mesnil, 1897)
Spirorbis medius
Spirorbis moerchi
Spirorbis nakamurai
Spirorbis quadrangularis
Spirorbis quasimilitaris Bailey, 1970
Spirorbis rupestris Gee and Knight-jones, 1962
Spirorbis semidentatus
Spirorbis similis
Spirorbis spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Spirorbis steueri Sterzinger, 1909
Spirorbis tridentata Levinsen, 1883
Spirorbis variabilis
Spirorbis violaceus
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Spirorbis
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The Inhofe Amendment was an amendment to the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006, a United States Senate bill that would have changed current immigration law allowing more immigrants into the United States. The amendment was passed by the Senate on May 18, 2006 by a vote of 62β35. The bill did not pass the United States House of Representatives.
According to the amendment, written by Sen. James M. Inhofe (R-Okla.), the Federal government will no longer provide multilingual communications and services, except for those already guaranteed by law. It would also make English the "national language" and require new citizens to pass a test of their English proficiency and knowledge of American history.
Key portion of the final amendment, section 767 of the bill:
The Government of the United States shall preserve and enhance the role of English as the national language of the United States of America. Unless otherwise authorized or provided by law, no person has a right, entitlement, or claim to have the Government of the United States or any of its officials or representatives act, communicate, perform or provide services, or provide materials in any language other than English. If exceptions are made, that does not create a legal entitlement to additional services in that language or any language other than English. If any forms are issued by the Federal Government in a language other than English (or such forms are completed in a language other than English), the English language version of the form is the sole authority for all legal purposes.
Shortly after the approval of the Inhofe amendment, the Senate voted for another bill by Sen. Ken Salazar (D-Colo.), according to which English is the "common unifying language of the United States," but mandated that nothing in that declaration "shall diminish or expand any existing rights" regarding multilingual services. It passed 58β39.
Supporting reasons for the amendment
Inhofe proposed his amendment, saying that there should not be a right to demand that government business be conducted in any other language, that there is a unifying effect with a common language, and indicating the importance of knowing English to get ahead in America.
Criticism of the amendment
Senator Harry Reid, Democrat from Nevada, called the amendment "racist" in a speech before the Senate, arguing that it targeted speakers of Spanish.
Votes of Senators on Amendment
Senators Bunning (R-KY), Martinez (R-FL), Rockefeller (D-WV) did not vote.
See also
English-only movement
National language
Languages in the United States
United States immigration debate
Illegal Immigration
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Inhofe Amendment
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"The Sponge" is the 119th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld. This was the ninth episode for the seventh season. It aired on December 7, 1995. In this episode, George and Elaine face sexual crises when the Today brand of contraceptive sponges is taken off the market, while Kramer participates in an AIDS walk and Jerry dates a tireless do-gooder whose phone number he got from the list of Kramer's sponsors.
Plot
At Monk's CafΓ©, Kramer asks Jerry and Elaine to sponsor him for an AIDS walk. On the list of sponsors Jerry sees Lena Small, whom he wanted to call for a date, but her number is unlisted. Jerry takes down the number and calls Lena. Elaine, excited by how things are going with her boyfriend, Billy, says she is going shopping for contraceptive sponges. Kramer informs her the sponge was taken off the market. Jerry boasts that he has been wearing size 31 pants since college. George tells his fiancΓ©e Susan that Jerry actually wears size 32 and modifies the tag to a 31; this initiates a fight about sharing other people's secrets.
Firmly unwilling to change birth control methods, Elaine goes on a hunt for the sponges. After visiting multiple stores which are out of stock, she purchases 60 sponges at Pasteur Pharmacy. Jerry tells George that he found Lena on the AIDS walk list. George then tells Susan against Jerry's wishes, resolving their argument. This passes along the phone tree until it reaches Lena. When Lena tells him she doesn't mind him taking her number from the AIDS walk list, he gets turned off from her being "too good", assuming she must also be chaste. Jerry tells George he is "out of the loop" because he told Susan. Determined that her 60 sponges must last the rest of her life, Elaine refuses to give one to George so that he can have makeup sex with Susan and puts Billy through a rigorous examination to make sure he is "sponge-worthy". Although their first sexual encounter leaves her with no regrets, she denies him morning-after sex, unwilling to spare two sponges. With George and Susan suffering increasing sexual frustration for lack of the sponge, she convinces him to use a condom, but by the time they get the wrapper open his erection has passed.
When Kramer is exhausted just from walking up the stairs to his apartment, Jerry fears he is too out-of-shape to do the AIDS walk. Despite Jerry's warnings, Kramer stays up all the night before playing poker. At the AIDS walk, he refuses to wear an AIDS ribbon so "ribbon bullies", led by Bob and Cedric, beat Kramer nearly senseless. He still manages to stumble across the finishing line before collapsing; Jerry, however, assumes this was because of his staying up all night and walks away in scorn. However, when George asks where his AIDS ribbon is, Kramer realizes his mistake.
At Lena's, Jerry finds half her closet space is occupied by contraceptive sponges and realizes she is not chaste at all. However, he is compelled to tell her his secret about his pant size and she dumps him.
Production
Peter Mehlman was inspired to write this episode when he heard that the extremely popular Today sponge was being taken off the market. His initial plan was to dovetail Elaine's hoarding of the Today sponge with Kramer and Newman trying to run a stock market scam, George and a girl agreeing to date for a week and then break up by mutual consent, and Jerry trying to conceal from Lena the fact that he got her number from an AIDS walk list. These additional plot threads were either drastically reworked or completely replaced. Mehlman had in fact once obtained a woman's unlisted number from an AIDS walk list. The idea of Jerry modifying the waist size on the tag of his pants was contributed by Jerry Seinfeld himself.
The "ribbon bullies" story was motivated by the Seinfeld crew's dislike for being expected to wear AIDS ribbons at the Emmy Awards. The AIDS walk scene was filmed on the Central Park set of the CBS Radford lot.
Elaine's statement that she's going to do a "hard target search of every drug store, general store, health store, grocery store in a 25-block radius" is a parody of a similar statement made by Samuel Gerard in the 1993 film The Fugitive.
Option pricing
A paper by Avinash Dixit used this episode to explore an option value problem in determining the "spongeworthiness" of potential partners.
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The Sponge
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Pingtung may refer to:
Pingtung City, the capital of Pingtung County, Taiwan
Pingtung County, a county of Taiwan
See also
Pingdong (disambiguation)
Pingtung Plain, a plain in Pingtung and Kaohsiung in Taiwan
Pingtung Airport (ICAO code: RCSQ ; IATA code: PIF), an airport with two airfields in Pingtung, Taiwan
Pingtung Station, a rail station in Pingtung, Taiwan
Pingtung Line, a rail line from Kaouhsiung to Pingtung in Taiwan
Pingtung Baseball Field
Tung Ping Chau (Tung Ping Island), in Hong Kong
Ping (disambiguation)
Tung (disambiguation)
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Pingtung
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Unicorn is the third studio album by English psychedelic folk (later glam rock) band Tyrannosaurus Rex (later known as T. Rex). It was released on 16 May 1969 by record labels Regal Zonophone and Blue Thumb, and was the last Tyrannosaurus Rex album to feature Steve Peregrin Took.
Content and music
Unicorn featured Marc Bolan on vocals, guitar, harmonium, lip organ and phonofiddle and Took on percussion (bongos, African talking drum, drum kit, pixiephone, gong), bass, guitar and piano, with the piano on "Catblack" played by producer Visconti. The duo overdubbed dozens of instruments aiming for an all-acoustic "wall of sound" approach different from the first two Tyrannosaurus Rex albums. The back cover depicted Bolan and Took surrounded by books that were relevant to the subject matter of the songs. These books included the work of William Blake as well as photographs of the Cottingley Fairies, a famous case of two children's photographs of alleged fairies taken near their Yorkshire home.
In between the final two songs on the album, "The Misty Coast of Albany" and "Romany Soup", John Peel (an early supporter of the band) recited a short story written by Bolan. Non-LP single "Pewter Suitor" was also recorded at the sessions, although it failed to chart on its January 1969 release.
Release
Unicorn was released on 16 May 1969 by Regal Zonophone in the UK and Blue Thumb in the US; it was their first album to be released in the US. It reached No. 12 in the UK Albums Chart, the duo's highest position to date.
Unicorn was the last of Tyrannosaurus Rex's albums to feature Took; Bolan fired him after refusing to include Took's songs on the next album.
In 2004, the album was remastered and reissued by A&M Records.
Critical reception and legacy
The album was initially received with the duo's best reviews to date. Nick Logan of New Musical Express called it "a happy warming sound, absorbing, refreshing and stimulating" while Melody Maker declared it their most interesting to date, singling out "Cat Black (The Wizard's Hat)" as "one of the best tunes that Marc has written". Record Mirror also labeled it fresh and unique, comparing it favorably to the "unoriginal top-heavy guitar-based groups" popular at the time.
In a retrospective review, AllMusic praised most of the songs, saying "Cat Black" "comes on like a lost Spector classic, with apoplectic percussion and a positively soaring, wordless chorus". The reviewer also notes that some songs predated the transition from acoustic to electric music, remarking "you can hear the future".
Songwriter and musician Luke Haines of the Auteurs dubbed it a "genius" album and praised Took for his contributions on the record.
Track listing
Personnel
Tyrannosaurus Rex
Marc Bolan β acoustic and electric guitars, lead vocals, harmonium, organ, phonofiddle
Steve Peregrin Took β drums, bongos, backing vocals, African talking drum, bass, piano
Additional Personnel
Tony Visconti β production, piano (A5)
John Peel β narration (B8)
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Unicorn (Tyrannosaurus Rex album)
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is an autobahn in Germany, connecting Dortmund in the west with Aschaffenburg in the southwest. It is colloquially known as the Sauerlandlinie (Sauerland line) as it runs through the hilly, rural Sauerland region between Hagen and Siegen. The A45 has many bridges to cross valleys, the highest of which is the Sichter Valley bridge (TalbrΓΌcke Sichter) between LΓΌdenscheid and Meinerzhagen at 530 metres above mean sea level. It is mostly two lanes each way with frequent climbing lanes between Dortmund-Hafen and the Gambacher Kreuz intersection. In March 2013 30 people were injured in a pile-up on the A45.
History
During the 1960s and 1970s a southward extension was proposed as the βOdenwald-Neckar-Alb-Autobahnβ (ONAA), to pass through GroΓ-Umstadt, Michelstadt, Schwaigern, Neckarwestheim, Mundelsheim, Berglen, Remshalden, Lichtenwald and Schlierbach, linking the ONAA to the AΒ 8 near Kirchheim unter Teck, however the project was abandoned for ecological reasons in 1979 by the state government of Baden-WΓΌrttemberg.
Trajectory
The AΒ 45 branches off the AΒ 2 at the Dortmund Nord-West intersection, passes through the eastern Ruhr area and enters the Sauerland near Hagen. It then enters the Siegerland and the state of Hesse, where the AΒ 45 is joined by the AΒ 66 between the interchanges Hanauer Kreuz and Langenselbolder Dreieck. A short stretch of road, between junctions Alzenau and Mainhausen, is on Bavarian territory, then the AΒ 45 merges with the AΒ 3 at the interchange SeligenstΓ€dter Dreieck in the state of Hesse, just to the west of the Bavarian city of Aschaffenburg. The Rahmede viaduct near LΓΌdenscheid was closed on 2 December 2021, due to damage to its structure. It is to be demolished and replaced.
Numerical listing of Exits and Junctions
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Bundesautobahn 45
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Sesto Fiorentino (), known locally as just Sesto, is a commune in the Metropolitan City of Florence, Tuscany, central Italy.
History
The oldest known human settlement in the area dates from the Mesolithic (c. 9,000 years ago). The Etruscan presence is known from the 7th century BC, but the town proper was created by the Romans as Sextus ab urbe lapis ("Sixth mile from the Town Milestone"). The first churches were built in the early Middle Ages, among which the most important became the Pieve of San Martino. Sesto Fiorentino was subject to the Archbishop of Florence. Later it was under the Florentine Republic, which dried the plain and boosted the area's economy starting from the Renaissance age.
In 1735, Marquis Carlo Ginori founded one of the first porcelain plants in Europe, the Manifattura di Doccia. Now under the name Richard-Ginori, the company is still located in Sesto, and is the largest porcelain manufacturer in Italy. Toward the end of the 19th century, craftsmen who had been trained at Richard-Ginori began to start their own pottery studios, some of which also grew into factories. There are currently over one hundred producers of pottery in Sesto Fiorentino, and a state school for teaching pottery, now called L'Istituto Statale d'Arte.
Sesto Fiorentino was annexed by plebiscite to the newly unified Kingdom of Italy in 1860. The town was a protagonist in the late 19th century workers struggle, and in 1897 it elected the second socialist member ever of the Italian Parliament, Giuseppe Pescetti. In 1899 it was the first town in Tuscany to have a socialist mayor.
Main sights
Pieve di San Martino (Parish church of St. Martin), known from around the year 1000. The interior has a nave and two aisles, the inner part dating from the 12th century. On the high altar is a Crucifix by Agnolo Gaddi (1390); notable are also a Circumcision by Jacopo Vignali and a Four Saints by Santi di Tito.
Palazzo Pretorio (1477).
Santa Maria a Quinto, mentioned in the 11th century but rebuilt in the 18th century. It houses a notable triptych by Spinello Aretino and Annunciation from 1410.
Villa Guicciardini Corsi Salviati
Villa La Zambra
Villa Paolina
Villa Villoresi
Park of Villa Gamba, known as Parco del Neto, an English-style garden built in 1853.
Etruscan findings include the Tomba della Montagnola (7th century BC), the Tomba della Mula and the Necropolis of Palastreto (8th-6th centuries BC).
International relations
Sesto Fiorentino is twinned with:
Wieliczka, Poland
Al Mahbes, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Bagnolet, France
Stefanaconi, Italy
In literature
Sesto Fiorentino and its surroundings inspired the setting for the book The Adventures of Pinocchio.
Sherlock Holmes scholars determined that the unnamed Italian town in "The Adventure of the Empty House" was Sesto, and a bust of Holmes stands in the town.
People
Architect Emilio Barbieri was born in Sesto Firorentino (1862 β?)
Poet Alberta Bigagli was born in Sesto Firorentino in 1928.
Cyclist Alfredo Martini died in Sesto Fiorentino in 2014. Since 2021, a yearly cycling race honours his name.
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Sesto Fiorentino
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The Playhouse Theatre was a theatre in central Perth, Western Australia. It was purpose-built for live theatre in 1956 and remained one of the city's principal venues for performing arts for over half a century until replaced by the State Theatre Centre of Western Australia in January 2011. It was home to the National Theatre Company from its establishment until 1984, and then to its successor, the Western Australian Theatre Company, until its disbandment in 1990.
The theatre was demolished in October 2012 as part of a redevelopment of Cathedral Square.
History
Background
On 11 December 1919 the Repertory Club was established in Perth, with about forty members. Its earliest productions were The Amazons and Lady Windermere's Fan, staged in 1920. The Repertory Club initially worked out of a basement room at the Palace Hotel, then a room in Commerce Buildings, King Street, before moving into a cottage in Pier Street from 1921 to 1932. Their next move was to the old composing room of the Western Australian Newspaper Company in St George's Terrace, with their first performance there on 3 August 1933. The club organised a range of entertainments apart from plays, and usually had two productions in rehearsal while one was being staged. Its membership was restricted to 1,000 members and most shows were sold out before opening night, so advertising was seldom necessary.
The need for the Playhouse arose as Perth's main theatre, His Majesty's Theatre was considered too large to provide a feasible venue for locally produced live-theatre productions, and had been functioning principally as a cinema since the early 1940s. In the mid-1950s the board and members of the Repertory Club commenced fundraising for the construction of a smaller purpose-built theatre to stage their productions.
Founding
The theatre was constructed adjacent to St George's Cathedral on Pier Street land owned by the Anglican Church, the former site of the Church of England Deanery tennis court. The building was designed by the local architectural firm of Sheldon & Krantz and constructed at a cost of Β£65,000. The main lobby contained a mural by Iwan Iwanoff, a local brutalist architect. The theatre was formally opened on 22 August 1956 to a capacity audience of 700, with the opening production of John Patrick's 1953 Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Teahouse of the August Moon.
With the opening of the Playhouse, the Repertory Club became a fully professional theatre company, the National Theatre Company, after amalgamation with the Company of Four.
Actors and crew
Notable actor Edgar Metcalfe was a regular performer on stage and also served three terms as artistic director between 1963β1984. A rare period of box-office success was enjoyed by the theatre from 1978β1981 when Stephen Barry was artistic director of the National Theatre at the Playhouse. He arranged outstanding guest performances by international celebrities Warren Mitchell, Honor Blackman, Robyn Nevin, Timothy West, Tim Brooke-Taylor and Judy Davis, among others. Barry commissioned Dorothy Hewett's play, The Man from Muckinupin, for the State's sesquicentennial (150th) anniversary celebrations in 1979 (WAY '79), despite hostile resistance from then state premier Sir Charles Court.
However, soon after Barry's departure, the company lost its audience appeal. Despite an extensive renovation in 1982, with reduction of seating capacity, the National Theatre was liquidated in February 1984 and the building and company taken over by the Perth Theatre Trust.
The theatre company continued to operate under the names Threshold Theatre Company and then XYZ Theatre Company for a short while, in May 1985 becoming the Western Australian Theatre Company. This name was retained until they dissolved in July 1990.
The Playhouse Theatre remained one of the city's principal venues for performing arts until replaced by the State Theatre Centre of Western Australia in January 2011. It was demolished in October 2012 as part of a redevelopment of Cathedral Square.
Facilities
A traditional proscenium arch theatre with a raked auditorium, the Playhouse had bar and conference facilities, and hosted productions from the annual Perth International Arts Festival. It was the performance and administrative home of the Perth Theatre Company for sixteen years, until the company's relocation to the new State Theatre Centre of Western Australia in January 2011. The Company's last production was of David Williamson's The Removalists in April 2010. Demolition was originally planned for 2010 but postponed when the Perth Theatre Trust sought to extend its lease due to delays to the construction of the State Theatre. The final production was the pantomime production of Puss in Boots in December 2010, produced by the MS Society of WA.
See also
Regal Theatre, Perth
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The Playhouse Theatre (Perth)
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George Wallace (1919β1998) was governor of Alabama and a candidate for president of the United States.
George Wallace may also refer to:
George Wallace (film), 1997 film based on the life of the Alabama governor
George Wallace (Georgia politician) (died 1881), African-American state senator in Georgia during reconstruction
George Wallace Jr. (born 1951), American politician, son of Governor George Wallace, and former Alabama State Treasurer
George Wallace (advocate) (1727β1805), Scottish jurist, son of Robert Wallace
George Wallace (author), American novelist
George Wallace (American football), one of Fordham University's earliest football coaches
George Wallace (American comedian) (born 1952), American actor, comedian and screenwriter
George Wallace (Australian comedian) (1895β1960), Australian comedian, vaudevillian, radio personality and actor
George Wallace (English cricketer) (1854β1927), English cricketer
George Wallace (New Zealand cricketer) (1913β1997), New Zealand cricketer
George Wallace (diplomat) (born 1938), Liberian foreign minister, 2006β2007
George Wallace, Baron Wallace of Coslany (1906β2003), British Labour MP for Chislehurst 1945β50, Norwich North 1964β74
George Wallace, Baron Wallace of Campsie (1915β1997), Scottish businessman and peer
George D. Wallace (1917β2005), American actor
George Leonard Wallace (1918β1968), Australian comedian, vaudevillian, television personality and actor
George Scott Wallace (1929β2011), British Columbia physician and politician
George W. Wallace (1872β1946), U.S. army officer
George E. Wallace (Virginia politician) (born 1938), mayor of Hampton, Virginia
George E. Wallace (North Dakota politician), North Dakota Tax Commissioner
Watty Wallace (George Walter Gordon Wallace, 1900β1964), member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
See also
George Wallace Bollinger (1890β1917), diarist and WWI New Zealand soldier
George Wallis (disambiguation)
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George Wallace (disambiguation)
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The Houston Texas Temple is the 97th operating temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The temple serves over forty-four thousand Latter-day Saints in east Texas, and a few congregations in southwest Louisiana.
History
After the September 1997 announcement that the LDS Church would build a temple in Houston, the search began for an appropriate site. The site chosen formerly belonged to a developer unwilling to sell. Years earlier, however, the developer had gone through difficult financial times and had made a promise to God that if God would help him avoid financial ruin, he would someday "pay God back". When the developer learned what was proposed to be built on his land, he decided to sell the land as his way of paying God back.
The spire of the Houston Texas Temple bears a strong resemblance to that of the old Washington Chapel, a chapel at 2810 16th Street NW in downtown Washington, D.C. built by the LDS Church in 1933. As the most visible symbol of the LDS Churchβs presence in the national capital until the dedication of the Washington D.C. Temple in 1974, the Washington Chapel featured a golden figure of an angel blowing a trumpet atop its spireβa symbol typically reserved for temples. In 1977 the Washington Chapel was sold to the Unification Church, 20 years before the Houston Texas Temple was announced.
LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley dedicated the Houston Texas Temple on August 26, 2000. The temple has a total of , two ordinance rooms, and two sealing rooms.
In 2017, Hurricane Harvey caused significant flood damage. As a result, although the temple had not been in use since August, the church formally announced its closure for renovations in October 2017. Following completion of the renovations, the temple was rededicated by M. Russell Ballard on April 22, 2018.
In 2020, like all the church's other temples, the Houston Texas Temple was closed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
See also
William R. Bradford, former temple president
Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region
Temple architecture (Latter-day Saints)
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Texas
Additional reading
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Houston Texas Temple
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Wilfred Charles Heinz (January 11, 1915February 27, 2008) was an American sportswriter, war correspondent, journalist, and author.
Newspaper and magazine career
Heinz was born in Mount Vernon, New York. Following his graduation from Middlebury College in 1937, he joined the staff of the New York Sun. After serving as one of the newspaper's war correspondents in Europe during the Second World War, Heinz returned to the United States and was awarded his own sports column called "The Sport Scene," which primarily covered boxing, baseball, football and horse racing.
One of his pieces from around this time - Death of a Racehorse, written July 29, 1949 - is famous for its brevity (fewer than 1,000 words) and its quality, having been compared to the Gettysburg Address and the works of Ernest Hemingway. Written on a manual typewriter as the events unfolded, the story describes Air Lift, a promising two-year-old horse who was racing for the first time, and concludes less than two hours later: Air Lift broke a leg during that first race, and had to be euthanized.
Heinz became a freelance writer after the Sun ceased publishing in 1950. He was a regular contributor to magazines such as SPORT, Life, The Saturday Evening Post, Esquire, True, Collier's, and Look. The best of his magazine and newspaper pieces are published in his books American Mirror, What A Time It Was: The Best of W.C. Heinz on Sports and The Top of His Game: The Best Sportswriting of W. C. Heinz.
Books
He published his first book in 1958, a novel called The Professional, the story of a young fighter pursuing the middleweight boxing championship. Ernest Hemingway called the book "the only good novel I've ever read about a fighter, and an excellent novel in its own right." Heinz edited two boxing anthologies, The Fireside Book of Boxing and The Book of Boxing with Nathan Ward.
Heinz's additional books include Run to Daylight with football coach Vince Lombardi, The Surgeon, Emergency and Once They Heard the Cheers, in which the author travels the country revisiting sports heroes of his past. He also wrote the highly acclaimed magazine article, "The Rocky Road of Pistol Pete" about a baseball player, Pete Reiser, who fought through countless injuries to play the game that he loved.
In the late 1960s, Heinz collaborated with H. Richard Hornberger to write the novel MASH, published under Hornberger's pen name Richard Hooker. The book was the precursor to the film MASH, which won the award for best film of the 1970 Cannes Film Festival and an Academy Award for best screenplay based on another medium in 1971. The book also served as the prototype for the long-running, Emmy Award-winning television series. In 2015, the Library of America published a collection of his best sportswriting, The Top of His Game.
A collection of Heinz's war writings including his dispatches from Europe and some post-war articles were republished in his book, When We Were One: Stories of World War II.
Other
Heinz was a five-time winner of the E. P. Dutton Award for best magazine story of the year. He won the A. J. Liebling Award for outstanding boxing writing, and his work has been reprinted in more than 60 anthologies and textbooks. He was inducted into the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association Hall of Fame in 2001 and into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2004. In 2008, the Associated Press Sports Editors posthumously awarded him the Red Smith Award for his contributions to sports journalism.
Heinz died on February 27, 2008, in Bennington, Vermont, at age 93.
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W. C. Heinz
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The Engineering Services Examination (ESE) is a combined standardized exam conducted annually by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) to recruit officers to various engineering services under the Government of India. It is held in four categories: Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, and Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering. The exam has three stages comprising objective, subjective and personality tests. Informally, the various services are often collectively known as Indian Engineering Services (IES).
Officers recruited through ESE are mandated to manage and conduct activities in diverse technical fields. Government infrastructure includes railways, roads, defence, manufacturing, inspection, supply, construction, public works, power, and telecommunications. Appointments to these services are made by the President of India.
List of Services
Civil Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Functions of officers
The work performed by these officers largely depends on their engineering branch and service (or cadre). However, they can move to any cadre, organization, agency, department, ministry or public sector undertaking of the government of India. They are appointed to posts analogous to their present one, either on a fixed-term deputation basis (at least five years and extensible, after which the officer returns to their parent cadre) or an absorption basis where the official leaves the parent cadre for the new one.
Eligibility
Candidates must be a citizen of India or Nepal or a subject of Bhutan, or a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia or Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India.
The minimum educational requirement is a bachelor's degree in engineering (B.E. or B.Tech) from a recognised university or the equivalent. An M.Sc. degree or equivalent with wireless communications, electronics, radio physics or radio engineering as special subjects is also acceptable for certain services or posts.
The age range is 21β30 years on 1 January of the year of the Engineering Services Examination. The upper age limit is relaxed as follows:
A maximum of three years for Other Backward Class candidates (non-creamy layer only)
A maximum of four years for Defence Services personnel disabled in operations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbed area and discharged as a consequence
A maximum of five years for:
Candidates belonging to a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe
Candidates who resided in Jammu and Kashmir from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 1989
Ex-servicemen (including commissioned officers and ECOs or SSCOs) with at least five years of military service by 1 August
Candidates already in a permanent post of the Central Government Engineering Department
Examination
Candidates are required to apply on the UPSC website. The application fee for general-category male candidates is 200. No fee is required for female and reserved-category applicants. Stage 1 of the test is conducted during the first week of January; Stage 2 is conducted in June and July across India. The government of India changed the Engineering Services Examination in 2017.
Candidates who qualify at Stage I are permitted to appear for the Stage II examination, and those who qualify at Stage II are permitted to appear for the Stage III examination. Candidates qualifying at all three stages are included on the examination's final merit list. The maximum score is 1300.
The personality test is an interview which assesses the candidate's suitability for a career in public service by a board of unbiased observers. The interview also assess social traits and interest in current affairs. Qualities judged include mental alertness, critical ability, clear and logical exposition, judgment, variety and depth of interests, social cohesion and leadership, and intellectual and moral integrity.
Notable officers
Narinder Singh Kapany β Former IOFS officer. Invented fibre optics that revolutionised laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery, telecommunications, power transmission, etc. Named as one of the seven "Unsung Heroes of the 20th century" by Fortune magazine for his Nobel Prize-deserving invention. Known as the "Father of Fibre Optics" and "The Man who Bent Light". Former Professor at Stanford, Universities of California at Berkeley, Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz. Had more than 150 patents to his credit. Conferred upon with Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest honour in India, Pravasi Bharatiya Samman, Fellowship of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). He was also offered the post of Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister of India by the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru.
Nalini Ranjan Mohanty - Former IOFS officer. Secured All India 2nd Rank in the Engineering Services Examination of 1965, served as the Chairman & Managing Director of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Director of Kudremukh Iron Ore Company, Mahanadi Coalfields, National Aluminium Company (NALCO), Bharat Earth Movers (BEML). Awarded Padma Shri in 2004 by the Government of India for his role in the development of LCA β Tejas.
Rajendra K. Pachauri - former IRSME officer; chair of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change when the organisation received the Nobel Prize in 2007; director general of the Energy and Resources Institute; received Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan from the government of India, the Order of the White Rose of Finland from the Finnish government, the Order of the Rising Sun (Gold and Silver Star) from the Japanese government and the Legion of Honour from the French government.
H. P. S. Ahluwalia β IOFS. First Indian to climb Mount Everest. Author, mountaineer, social worker. Founder & Chairman of Indian Spinal Injuries Centre. Conferred on with the Arjuna Award, Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan by the Government of India, Fellowship of Royal Geographical Society (FRGS). Also served as a Commissioned officer in the Indian Army and Member of Planning Commission (India).
Santu Shahaney - IOFS. Served as the first Indian Director General Ordnance Factories (DGOF). He was awarded Padma Shri in 1962, and Padma Bhushan in 1965, by the Government of India, in the Civil Service category, for his contributions during the Indo-China War of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, respectively.
R. M. Muzumdar - IOFS. Second Indian Director General of the Indian Ordnance Factories. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India, in 1973, in the Civil service category, for his contributions during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan - IOFS officer. Developed the solid propellant for India's first space rocket launched from Thumba, and the detonation system of India's first nuclear bomb used in Operation Smiling Buddha. Served at the Ammunition Factory Khadki, and as the first Director of High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) and the Armaments Research and Development Establishment (ARDE) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Awarded Padma Shri in 1974.
H.G.S. Murthy - IOFS. Known as one of the "Seven Pioneers of the Indian Space Programme". He served at the Machine Tool Prototype Factory (MTPF), Ambernath, and as the first Director of the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), and the Space Science & Technology Centre, now known as the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Awarded Padma Shri in 1969.
K. C. Banerjee - IOFS. Received Padma Shri in 1967, for his contributions during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, as the General Manager of Rifle Factory Ishapore, that developed and manufactured the 7.62 Self-Loading Automatic Rifle, that played decisive role in India's victory in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
O. P. Bahl, an IOFS officer. Received Padma Shri in 1972, in the civil-service category, as the General Manager of Ammunition Factory Khadki, which developed and manufactured the anti-submarine rockets used in sinking the submarine PNS Ghazi during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
Ashwani Lohani - IRSME officer; chairman of Indian Railways and former chairman and managing director of Air India. Holds a Limca record for having four engineering degree equivalents (mechanical, electrical and metallurgical engineering and electronics and telecommunications engineering from the Institution of Engineers.
G. B. Meemamsi - Former ITS officer. Founding Director of C-DOT; received Padma Shri in 1998.
Satyendra Dubey - Whistleblower against corruption; project director of the National Highways Authority of India's (NHAI) Golden Quadrilateral project at Koderma. After his assassination, the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011 was passed.
E. Sreedharan - Former IRSE officer, chairman and managing director of Konkan Railway, Cochin Shipyard and the Delhi Metro. Retired member of the Railway Board. Received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from India, the Order of the Rising Sun (Gold and Silver Star) from Japan and the Legion of Honour from France.
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Engineering Services Examination
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The Goodyear Airdock is a construction and storage airship hangar in Akron, Ohio. At its completion in 1929, it was the largest building in the world without interior supports.
Description
The building has a unique shape which has been described as "half a silkworm's cocoon, cut in half the long way." It is long, wide, and high, supported by 13 steel arches. There is 364,000 square feet (34 000 m2) of unobstructed floor space, or an area larger than 8 football fields side-by-side. The airdock has a volume of 55 million cubic feet (or about 1.5 million cubic meters). A control tower and radio aerial sit at its northeast end. At each end of the building are two huge semi-spherical doors that each weigh 600 tons (544 000Β kg). At the top, the doors are fastened by hollow forged pins in diameter and long. The doors roll on 40 wheels along specially-designed curved railroad tracks, each powered by an individual power plant that can open the doors in about 5 minutes.
The airdock is so large that temperature changes within the structure can be very different from that on the outside of the structure. To accommodate these fluctuations, which could cause structural damage, a row of 12 windows off the ground was installed. Furthermore, the entire structure is mounted on rollers to compensate for expansion or contraction resulting from temperature changes. When the humidity is high in the Airdock, a sudden change in temperature causes condensation. This condensation falls in a mist, creating the illusion of rain, according to the designer.
History
In 1929, Goodyear Zeppelin Corporation, later Goodyear Aerospace, sought a structure in which "lighter-than-air" ships (later known as airships, dirigibles, and blimps) could be constructed. The company commissioned Karl Arnstein of Akron, Ohio, whose design was inspired by the blueprints of the first aerodynamic-shaped airship hangar, built in 1913 in Dresden, Germany.
Construction took place from April 20 to November 25, 1929, at a cost of $2.2 million (equivalent to $Β million in ).
The first two airships to be constructed and launched at the airdock were , in 1931, and its sister ship, .
When World War II broke out, enclosed production areas were desperately needed, and the airdock was used for building airships. The last airship built in the airdock was the U.S. Navy's ZPG-3W in 1960. The building later housed the photographic division of the Goodyear Aerospace Corporation.
In 1980, the Goodyear Airdock was designated a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
The airdock has more recently served as the site of the 1986 kickoff rally for the United Way of Summit County, where 200,000 members of the public visited. Bill Clinton spoke there during his 1992 election campaign, bringing some 30,000 visitors to the site.
In 1987, the Loral Corporation purchased Goodyear Aerospace and the Goodyear Airdock as a result of James Goldsmith's greenmailing of Goodyear. The Loral Corporation (and its holdings, including the Goodyear Airdock) was purchased by Lockheed Martin in 1996.
California company LTA Research and Exploration, together with the University of Akron, plans to use the airdock to develop electric-powered airships.
The airdock is not open to the public, but it can be seen by those traveling on U.S. Route 224 east of downtown Akron.
See also
Airship hangar
Hangar No. 1, Lakehurst Naval Air Station
Hangar One (Mountain View, California)
Weeksville Dirigible Hangar
Bartolomeu de GusmΓ£o Airport
MCAS Tustin
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Goodyear Airdock
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Poro, re dell'Indie ("Porus, King of the Indians", HWV 28) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Alessandro nell'Indie by Metastasio, and based on Alexander the Great's encounter with Porus in 326 BC. The libretto had already been set to music by Leonardo Vinci in 1729 and was used as the text for more than sixty operas throughout the 18th century.
Graham Cummings has examined in detail the composition history of Poro in the context of Handel's work on his London operas during the 1730s, and has postulated the principal time of Handel's composing from September 1730 to 16 January 1731, with small revisions prior to the 2 February premiere.
The opera shifted the story's emphasis from Alessandro to Poro and Cleofide, and their relationship.
Performance history
The opera was first given at the King's Theatre in London on 2 February 1731 and on 15 further occasions. A run of 16 performances was a mark of success for the time as is the fact that the work was revived on 23 December 1731, and again in a revised form on 8 December 1736. It was also given in Hamburg and Brunswick.
The first modern performance, also in Brunswick, was in 1928. The first UK performance since Handel's time was in 1966 at Abingdon. As with all Baroque opera seria, Poro went unperformed for many years, but with the revival of interest in Baroque music and historically informed musical performance since the 1960s, Poro, like all Handel operas, receives performances at festivals and opera houses today. Among other performances, Poro was staged at the GΓΆttingen International Handel Festival in 2006, by the London Handel Festival in 2007 and by the Komische Oper Berlin in 2019.
Roles
Synopsis
Scene:By the Hydapses River, about 327 B.C.
Act 1
Alessandro has conquered India and its King, Poro, who in despair wants to take his own life, but is restrained by his friend Gandarte who reminds the King of his loving wife Queen Cleofide and how distraught she would be at his death. To prevent the King's capture by the advancing troops, he and Gandarte switch clothes so that Gandarte now appears to be the King and the King a simple warrior, "Asbite". Poro in this disguise is captured however and taken to Alessandro.
Poro's sister Erissena is also taken to Alessandro and captivates both the commander and his general, Timagene.
Poro in disguise makes his way into the palace where he is reunited with his wife Cleofide. He is distraught however when she sends a friendly greeting to the victorious Alessandro and sets out to pay him a visit, fearing that his wife will betray him with the conqueror. Gandarte brings word to Poro that Alessandro has fallen for their disguise and believes Gandarte to be the King, and that Alessandro's troops are dissatisfied and planning to mutiny.
Gandarte is in love with Erissena and is unhappy to find her full of praise for the many qualities of Alessandro.
Cleofide appeals to Alessandro to show mercy to her defeated husband. Alessandro is charmed by Cleofide's person, which Poro observing in his disguise as "Asbite" feels is evidence that his wife is planning to betray him. Cleofide accuses her husband of suspecting her unjustly.
Act 2
Alessandro pays a visit to Cleofide in the palace, further inflaming Poro's jealousy, who decides to launch an attack against Alessandro with his army, but he is once again defeated. In despair, he decides that the only way out is death both for himself and his wife and is going to kill first her and them himself but he is discovered by Alessandro just as he is about to stab Cleofide and Alessandro has the supposed "Asbite" arrested.
Timagene releases "Asbite" however. Timagene knows that Alessandro's troops are planning to mutiny and is now on their side. He thinks "Asbite" may be able to help them.
Alessandro proposes to Cleofide that she become his Queen now, but she refuses. Erissena brings terrible news β Poro in trying to escape, has been drowned attempting to cross a river. Cleofide is devastated.
Act 3
Erissena meets the disguised Poro in the royal gardens, astonished to find him alive. Poro is determined to be revenged on Alessandro and conspires with Timagene to kill him.
Cleofide tells Alessandro she will marry him after all, but really she is planning to immolate herself on a pyre directly after the marriage.
In the temple prepared for the marriage, with a sacrificial fire upon which Cleofide intends to throw herself, she is about to marry Alessandro when Poro appears and sinks to his knees before his wife, begging her to change her mind. For the first time, Alessandro realises that "Asbite" is really Poro and is deeply moved by such marital devotion. Alessandro forgives the conspiracy against him, will allow Poro and Cleofide to live together undisturbed and requests Poro's hand in friendship. All celebrate the fortunate outcome of events.
Context and analysis
The German-born Handel, after spending some of his early career composing operas and other pieces in Italy, settled in London, where in 1711 he had brought Italian opera for the first time with his opera Rinaldo. A tremendous success, Rinaldo created a craze in London for Italian opera seria, a form focused overwhelmingly on solo arias for the star virtuoso singers. In 1719, Handel was appointed music director of an organisation called the Royal Academy of Music (unconnected with the present-day London conservatoire), a company under royal charter to produce Italian operas in London. Handel was not only to compose operas for the company but hire the star singers, supervise the orchestra and musicians, and adapt operas from Italy for London performance.
The Royal Academy of Music collapsed at the end of the 1728 - 29 season, partly due to the huge fees paid to the star singers. A bitter rivalry had developed between the supporters of the two prima donnas who had appeared in Handel's last few operas, Francesca Cuzzoni and Faustina Bordoni, culminating in June 1727 with a brawl in the audience while the two prima donnas onstage stopped singing, traded insults and pulled each other's hair, to enormous public scandal satirized in the popular The Beggar's Opera of 1728 and bringing Italian opera of the kind Handel composed into a certain amount of ridicule and disrepute. At the end of the 1729 season, both ladies and the star castrato Senesino who had appeared to great acclaim in numerous operas by Handel left London for engagements in continental Europe. Handel went into partnership with John James Heidegger, the theatrical impresario who held the lease on the King's Theatre in the Haymarket where the operas were presented and started a new opera company with a new prima donna, Anna Strada. The cast Handel had assembled for his first opera in the new venture, Lotario, had included a castrato, Antonio Bernacchi, who had not been very popular with London audiences and with Poro Senesino made a triumphant return to the London stage, for even greater fees.
Poro was a success with London audiences, as 18th-century musicologist Charles Burney wrote:This opera, though it contains but few airs in a great and elaborate style, was so dramatic and pleasing, that it ran fifteen nights successively in the spring season, and was again brought on the stage in the autumn, when it sustained four representations more.
According to Sir Walter Newman Flower:Poro, with its background of Oriental romance, was instantly a success. Never did Senesino in all his London singing rise to a greater height than with the air βSe possono tantoβ. He had never been out of favour, now he attained in one night a far greater popularity than ever. In a week all London was humming the airs. Many declared that Poro was the best opera (Handel) had given London.
Musical historian Graham Cummings has said of Poro: ""With very few exceptions the arias rank amongst Handel's finest work, widely varied in style and often richly scored."
The opera is scored for two recorders, flute, two oboes, bassoon, trumpet, two horns, strings, and continuo (cello, lute, harpsichord).
Recordings
Europa Galante conducted by Fabio Biondi with Gloria Banditelli (Poro), Rossana Bertini (Cleofide), Bernada Fink (Erissena), GΓ©rard Lesne,(Gandarto), Sandro Naglia (Alessandro), Timagene (Roberto Abbondanza), recorded 1994.
CD:Opus 111 Cat:OP30-113/5
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Poro (opera)
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Mark 23 or Mk.XXIII or variation, may refer to:
U.S. Navy
The U.S. Navy designation Mark 23 may refer to:
Heckler & Koch Mark 23, a .45 ACP-caliber handgun
Mark 23 machine gun, a configuration of the Stoner 63 weapons system used by US Navy SEALs.
Mark 23 Pistol and Suppressor Kit, a Vietnam War-era kit issued to US Navy SEALs, containing a Mark 22 pistol and a Mark 3 noise suppressor.
Mark 23 torpedo, a submarine-launched anti-ship torpedo used in World War II
UK Royal Navy
Mark 23 Grog, a British wire-guided 21-inch torpedo
BL 6-inch Mk XXIII naval gun, a British WWII naval artillery gun
QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XXIII, a British Cold-War submarine deck gun
Other uses
Bolo Mk XXIII, a fictional super-tank
See also
Mark 23 Mod 0
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Mark 23
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IRIAF can refer to:
Institut des Risques Industriels, Assurantiels et Financiers, part of the University of Poitiers in France
Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
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IRIAF
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Ian Pooley (born Ian Pinnekamp in 1973) is a German record producer and DJ. While incorporating samples of various musical genres, Pooley's creations are usually classified as house or tech house with Brazilian influence.
Biography
Pooley's music career began in 1993. Fascinated by producers in Chicago and Detroit, he brought his first machines and immediately started writing house and techno music, which kickstarted a multi-decade-spanning career playing to hugely diverse audiences. In 1998, Pooley made his sole appearance on the prestigious BBC Radio One Essential Mix, which featured tracks by Slam, Jeff Mills and his own productions. After a long stretch with V2 Records, in which Pooley released several very successful albums (Meridian and Since Then), Pooley left V2 and started his own record company, Pooled Music, in 2003.
Ian Pooley has also cited on various albums (such as Brazilution 5.3 and Souvenirs) that he had an audible 'click' when listening to Brazilian music at a night club. As such, a lot of his music has a noticeable Brazilian flavor to it. He has incorporated artists like Rosanna and Zelia and veteran musician Marcos Valle in some of his works.
In addition to original works, Pooley has remixed artists such as Deee-Lite, The Cardigans, Daft Punk, Cirque du Soleil, Carl Cox and Bob Sinclar.
Discography
Albums
1993 The Latest Adventures of Kool Killer, as Space Cube
1995 Relations
1996 The Times
1998 Meridian
1999 The Allnighter/Calypso
2000 Since Then
2002 The IP Series
2004 Souvenirs
2005 A Subterranean Soundtrack
2008 In Other Words
2013 What I Do
Singles
Ian Pooley
1993 "Limited Edition"
1994 "Pulse Code EP", as Ian Pooley & Alec Empire (with Alec Empire)
1994 "Roller Skate Disco"
1994 "Twin Gods EP"
1995 "Twin Gods Vol. 2"
1995 "Celtic Cross EP"
1995 "Celtic Cross Remixes"
1995 "My Anthem"
1995 "Today"
1996 "Chord Memory"
1996 "Two Space Cowboys on a [Bad] Trip to Texas", as Ian Pooley & The Jaguar (with Alec Empire)
1996 "What's Your Number"
1996 "Relations"
1997 "Calypso EP"
1997 "Gimme Sound"
1997 "Higgledy Piggedly"
1998 "Followed"
1998 "Loopduelle"
1998 "Rock Da Discoteque EP"
1998 "What's Your Number" (re-release)
1999 "Coldwait"
2000 "900 Degrees"
2000 "Coração Tambor" (with Rosanna & Zélia)
2000 "The Allnighter EP"
2001 "Balmes (A Better Life)" (with Esthero)
2002 "Traffic"
2002 "The Fly Shuffle"
2002 "Niteflite"
2002 "Missing You"
2002 "Ready to Flow"
2002 "Piha", as Ian Pooley & Magik J (with Magik J)
2003 "Here We Go!"
2003 "Heke", as Ian Pooley & Magik J (with Magik J)
2004 "Searchin'"
2004 "Heaven" (with Jade and Danni'elle)
2005 "Samo Iluzija"
2006 "Higgledy Piggedly 2006"
2006 "Celtic Cross 2006"
2007 "All Nite"
Ides
1994 "Sweet & Sour EP"
1996 "Plastered EP"
1996 "Elastic EP"
1998 "Limer"
2005 "Right in the Night EP"
Space Cube
All are collaborations with DJ Tonka
1991 "Space Cube EP"
1991 "Sub Audible"
1992 "Kool Killer EP"
1992 "Kool Killer Vol. 2"
1993 "Kool Killer Vol. 3"
1993 "Kool Killer Mixes EP"
1993 "Unreleased Project EP"
1993 "The Latest Adventures of Kool Killer EP"
1994 "Dschungelfieber"
1994 "Inbound/Outbound"
1995 "Kommerz Killer/Big Bam Bam"
1997 "Unreleased Space Cube Tracks"
T'N'I
All are collaborations with DJ Tonka
1991 "Low Mass EP"
1991 "Trip Men"
1991 "Do You Still Care" (with Marie Pullins)
1992 "Beam EP"
1993 "Depart EP"
1993 "Dream Team EP"
1993 "I Want To Be Free"
1994 "Mad Situation/Be Straight"
Other aliases
1991 "Emperor/Daylight", as Outrage (with DJ Tonka)
1993 "The Modular", as The Modulor
1996 "Next to Nowhere", as Ansicht
1996 "Skippin' EP", as John Skipper Trax
1996 "Roll With It!", as The Low Frequency Band
1996 "Ice Fractions 1", as Silvershower
1996 "Ice Fractions 2", as Silvershower
1997 "Enlite EP", as Bluelite
1999 "Enlite Juice", as Bluelite
1999 "Valle Valle!", as Pinnchiky
2001 "Viewing a Decade EP", as Quiet Daze
2002 "Skippin' EP", as John Skipper Trax (re-release)
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Ian Pooley
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Tian Yi (, 1534 - 1605) was a eunuch serving at the imperial court of the Ming Dynasty. He served under the Jiajing, the Longqing, and the Wanli emperors for a total of 63 years
and eventually rose to a high position in the court, overseeing the
Directorate of Ceremonies ("Master of the Seal in charge of rituals
) which ranked first among the twelve eunuch directorates.
By the time of this death, he had become the favorite eunuch of the Wanli emperor.
Tian Yi was born in Shaanxi Province and was
castrated at age 9. He entered the imperial court
immediately afterwards. When he died in 1605, the
Wanli Emperor ordered three days of mourning and the construction of a tomb with many features of
an imperial mausoleum to commemorate him.
Tomb
Tian Yi's tomb () has a traditional layout in which a spirit way serves as a central axis and a division
between a front portion used by visitors to pay their respects and a
closed off back portion. Four eunuchs, who lived
at the tomb as monks during the Qing dynasty are buried next to
Tian Yi.
The tomb is particularly rich in stone carvings. The masonry artworks include
three gates (front gate, Lingxing gate, and the graveyard gate), sculptures
that line the spirit way, steles, ceremonial vessels, and stone altars
for sacrifices. The names of 259 eunuchs who
participated in his funeral are also inscribed at the tomb. Notably, the stone statues of the guards before the tomb both wear the uniforms of officials of the first rank, a sign of exceptional favour from the Emperor.
The tomb was looted during the period of the Republic of China. Today, it houses the Eunuch Museum, the
address is 80 Moshikou Street, Shijingshan district, Beijing.
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Tian Yi
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The Yamaha YZ250F is a motocross motorcycle first released in 2001 by Yamaha. It had a five-valve, DOHC, four-stroke engine and initially had a steel frame and steel subframe in 2001-2002. In 2003 it received an aluminum subframe, which was replaced in the 2006 model with an all-aluminum frame.
This combination leads to the YZ250F being praised for combining the broad-power characteristics of a four-stroke engine with the light handling more common in smaller, 125Β cc two-stroke motorcycles.
Significant advances
See also
Yamaha YZ250
Yamaha YZ125
Yamaha YZ450F
Kawasaki KX100
Yamaha YZ85
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Yamaha YZ250F
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Leptospermum recurvum is a species of shrub or tree that is native to Mount Kinabalu in Malaysian Borneo and to Sulawesi. It has pale, flaky bark, broadly elliptical to almost round leaves, white flowers about wide and fruit that tend to remain on the plant for a year or two.
Description
Leptospermum recurvum is sometimes a prostrate shrub, sometimes a tree to or more in height. It has thin, pale, flaky bark and young stems that have a broad flange near the leaf bases. The leaves are broadly elliptical to egg-shaped or almost round with their edges strongly curved downwards, mostly long and wide, and lack a petiole. The upper surface of the leaves is mostly glossy and the lower surface usually silky-hairy at first. The flowers are white, about wide and arranged singly on short side shoots. There are broad reddish brown bracts at the base of the flower buds that mostly remain at the base of the open flowers. The floral cup is long, tapering to a short pedicel. The sepals are long and almost hemispherical, the petals are about long and the stamens about long. Flowering probably occurs in most months. The fruit is a capsule wide and that tends to remain on the plant for a few years.
Taxonomy and naming
Leptospermum recurvum was first formally described in 1852 by Joseph Dalton Hooker in William Jackson Hooker's book, Icones Plantarum. The type specimens were collected from "Kina Balu" where the species was recorded as being "abundant, from , whitening the top of the mountain".
Distribution and habitat
Leptospermum recurvum grows in crevices between rocks at high elevations on Mount Kinabalu.
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Leptospermum recurvum
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Dejah Thoris is a fictional character and princess of the Martian city-state/empire of Helium in Edgar Rice Burroughs' series of Martian novels. She is the daughter of Mors Kajak, Jed (chieftain) of Lesser Helium, and the granddaughter of Tardos Mors, Jeddak (overlord or high king) of Helium. She is the love interest and later the wife of John Carter, an Earthman mystically transported to Mars, and subsequently the mother of their son Carthoris and daughter Tara. She plays the role of the conventional damsel in distress who must be rescued from various perils, but is also portrayed as a competent and capable adventurer in her own right, fully capable of defending herself and surviving on her own in the wastelands of Mars.
Description
Except for some jewelry, all of the planet's races seem to eschew clothing and look down upon Earth's inhabitants because they do wear clothing. As Burroughs describes Dejah Thoris:
Publication history
Dejah Thoris first appeared as the title character in the initial Mars novel, A Princess of Mars (1917). Written between July and September 28, 1911, the novel was serialized as Under the Moons of Mars in the pulp magazine The All-Story from February to July 1912. It later appeared as a complete novel only after the success of Burroughs' Tarzan series. For its October 1917 hardcover publication by A.C. McClurg & Company, the novel was retitled A Princess of Mars.
She reappeared in subsequent volumes of the series, most prominently in the second, The Gods of Mars (1918), the third, The Warlord of Mars (1919), the eighth, Swords of Mars (1936), and the eleventh, John Carter of Mars (1964). Dejah Thoris is also mentioned or appeared in a minor role in other volumes of the series.
Other media
Comics
Dejah Thoris has appeared in numerous adaptations of the Martian stories, such as in a 1995 storyline of Tarzan's Sundays comic strip and various comic book series featuring her husband John Carter. She is mentioned in the first issue of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Volume II during a conversation between John Carter and Gullivar Jones.
She is a prominent character in Dynamite Entertainment's Warlord of Mars, based on A Princess of Mars. The Warworld comic from started in 2010 and ended in 2014 ending with 35 issues. Dejah first appears in issue 6. Dejah Thoris is also the main character of the Dynamite spinoff comic Warlord of Mars: Dejah Thoris, which ran 37 issues. Set 400 years before A Princess of Mars, the first story arc portrays Dejah's role in the rise to power of the Kingdom of Helium, as well as her first suitor. The second story arc will depict her as the "Pirate Queen of Mars", other story arcs are: "The Boora Witch", "The Pirate Men of Saturn", "The Rise of the Machine Men", "The Phantoms of Time", and "Duel to the Death". Each were collected into a trade paperback. The entire series is being collected into a series of omnibus volume, the first collecting the first 20 issues. There was also 2 other mini-series, the 4-issue Dejah Thoris and the White Apes of Mars (2012) and the 12-issue Dejah Thoris and the Green Men of Mars (2013β14). In the 2018 series Warriors of Mars, her mother is given as Princess Heru from Lieut. Gullivar Jones: His Vacation. A new series started in 2019 was written by Dan Abnett then it led to a sequel of that series called Dejah vs John Carter
A new series before she met John was announced in December 2022 and is set thousand years before John Carter.
Dejah Thoris is the name of a boat that Professor Xavier is seen on in Uncanny X-Men #98.
Other novels/short stories/games
In Pierce Brown's book Morning Star, Dejah Thoris is the name of a dreadnought battleship, which belongs to a character nicknamed Mustang.
Dr. Dejah Thoris "Deety" (for D.T.) Carter, nΓ©e Burroughs, is a protagonist in Robert A. Heinlein's The Number of the Beast and The Pursuit of the Pankera. Burroughs's Dejah Thoris is also referred to in Heinlein's novel Glory Road by the protagonist when contemplating his female companion, Star.
In the story "Mars: The Home Front" by George Alec Effinger, Dejah Thoris is kidnapped by the sarmaks and taken to their space gun base. John Carter assembles a Barsoomian force to both rescue her and foil the sarmaks' plan to invade Jasoom.
In the earlier prequel short story "Allan and the Sundered Veil" by Alan Moore, a 'time lost' Carter sees a vision of himself fighting a Green Martian and winning Dejah Thoris in a "chrono-crystal aleph" (from Jorge Luis Borges's "The Aleph")
In The Apocalypse Troll by David Weber, Richard Aston refers to the very human-looking female he has rescued from a sinking UFO as Dejah Thoris.
In the Junot Diaz book The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, Oscar describes a neighbor girl as being "so pretty she could have played young Dejah Thoris."
In L. Neil Smith's debut novel The Probability Broach, scientist Dr. Dora Jayne Thorens is a supporting character.
In the board game ANDROID, one of the six murder suspects, a human woman from the Mars colony, is named Dejah Thoris.
Films
Traci Lords portrayed Dejah Thoris in The Asylum's direct-to-DVD film Princess of Mars.
In the Disney film John Carter, released on March 9, 2012, she is played by Lynn Collins. In this version, she is the daughter of Tardos Mors, rather than his granddaughter, and is also Helium's leading scientist.
Dejah Thoris is the name of the "Belgium Witch of Marwencol" in the documentary Marwencol, which the film Welcome to Marwen is based upon, played by Diane Kruger.
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Dejah Thoris
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House is a 1986 American comedy horror film directed by Steve Miner, with a screenplay by Ethan Wiley, from an original story written by Fred Dekker. Produced by Sean S. Cunningham, the film is the first installment in the House film series, and stars William Katt, George Wendt, Richard Moll, and Kay Lenz. The plot tells the story of a troubled author who lives in his deceased aunt's house and soon falls victim to the house being haunted. It collected $22.1 million worldwide, and was followed by three sequels.
Plot
Author Roger Cobb is a troubled man: he and his wife have separated, their only son Jimmy has disappeared without a trace,
and his aunt has committed suicide by hanging. On top of everything else, he has been pressured by his publisher to write another book. To the chagrin of his fans and publisher, Roger plans a novel based on his experiences in the Vietnam War, instead of another horror story, as a way to purge himself of the horrors that he had experienced while there.
After his aunt's funeral, Roger decides to live inside her house to write instead of selling it, as recommended by the estate attorney. After moving in, Roger begins to have powerful graphic nightmares, including thoughts about his comrade, Big Ben, who died in Vietnam. In addition, strange phenomena spring forth from the house, haunting him in his waking hours. He tries communicating his fears to his next-door neighbor Harold Gorton who only thinks that Roger is crazy.
One night while investigating a noise coming from his late aunt's bedroom, Roger is attacked by a deformed monster inside the closet. Soon, more attacks occur: levitating garden tools attack him, his wife appears and transforms into a hideous hag-like creature to attack him (whom he believes he kills), and gremlin creatures attempt to kidnap a neighbor's child whom Roger is reluctantly babysitting. Eventually, the author discovers an entry into a sinister dark dimension through the bathroom medicine cabinet and is pulled into the darkness, where he fortuitously locates his lost son Jimmy.
Roger manages to escape with Jimmy but is soon confronted by an undead Big Ben who wants revenge on him; Ben was taken prisoner and tortured before dying, and he blames Roger for failing to kill him before he could be captured by the enemy. Roger confronts Ben, no longer afraid of his fears, and destroys him with a grenade as he and his son escape the burning house. In the end, he triumphantly glances back at the house while regaining control of his life and reunites with his wife and child.
Cast
Production
House began filming on April 22, 1985. The first two weeks of production comprised shooting exteriors at the estate known today as Mills View, a Victorian style home first built in 1887 and located on Melrose Avenue in Monrovia, California. At the time, the building was owned by two Los Angeles firemen, brothers Brian and John Wade.
Production designer Gregg Fonseca and a crew of five spent about four weeks modifying the existing Victorian manor that included repainting the whole of the exterior, bordering the front yard with a wrought iron fence supported by stone pillars, and attaching foam spires to the roof. The back of the house had its clapboard façade covered with brick, and landscapers were brought in to plant flowers and reseed the dying lawn. The yard had no sidewalk at the time, so a faux walkway - made from plywood painted gray to look like concrete, and positioned to lead straight to the front porch - was added as a finishing touch. This sidewalk was pivotal in the finished film. Some time after production, a true concrete walkway was then installed in the same spot, capturing the evil nature of the one in the film.
The final six weeks of production moved operations to Ren-Mar Studios in Hollywood, where two floors of the interior of the Monrovia house were recreated on sound stages. This included sets for the living room, staircase, den and three upstairs bedrooms. On a separate adjacent set, the jungle exteriors for the Vietnam flash-back scenes were also built on sound stages, taking three days to put together.
A total of seven monsters were designed and fabricated for the production. These creatures β which included the obese witch, the zombified corpse of Big Ben, three demonic kids, the flying skull-faced monster in the void, the plaque mounted marlin that comes to life and the war demon from the closet β were constructed by seventeen special effects artists, over a period of three-and-a-half months. The war demon, in particular, was an elaborately built puppet, measuring eighteen feet, fully mechanized, operated by fifteen people and featured a fully working lower bowel system. In addition to puppetry and animatronics, also stop-motion and actors in rubber suit was used to create the monsters.
Release
House opened in 1,440 theaters on February 28, 1986 and grossed $5.9 million in its opening weekend, missing first place to Pretty in Pink. By the end of its run, House grossed $22.1 million worldwide, of which $19.4 million was from the North American box office.
Reception
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 57% based on reviews from 14 critics.
Janet Maslin of the New York Times wrote: "Scares are not its strong suit, but it has a trim, bright look and better performances than might be expected."
Variety wrote, "Though much of this nonsense is played tongue-in-cheek, an audience can hardly be expected to swallow the screenplayβs arbitrary approach to Cobb's character."
Ryan Pollard at Starburst wrote at the time of the Blu-ray release: "As a film, House is still as much of a warm, at times bonkers, family-friendly horror as it's ever been." Alex Stewart of White Dwarf wrote that although the film has a good premise, it is "squandered on yet another tired old haunted house story" whose supernatural horrors can not compare to the real life trauma of war.
In 1987, Richard Moll and Kay Lenz were both nominated for Saturn Awards. Director Steve Miner won a Critics' Award for his work on the film and was nominated for an International Fantasy Film Award.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack for House was released on vinyl, cassette tape and CD in 1987. The soundtrack runs approximately 51:14 and has 25 songs that were featured in House and House II: The Second Story.
Sequels
House successfully launched a film series, with: House II: The Second Story in 1987, House III: The Horror Show in 1989, and House IV: The Repossession in 1992. Each film was met with mixed critical and financial reception.
See also
List of ghost films
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House (1986 film)
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Subsets and Splits
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