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The coracoclavicular ligament is a ligament of the shoulder. It connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula.
Structure
The coracoclavicular ligament connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula. It is not part of the acromioclavicular joint articulation, but is usually described with it, since it keeps the clavicle in contact with the acromion. It consists of two fasciculi, the trapezoid ligament in front, and the conoid ligament behind. These ligaments are in relation, in front, with the subclavius muscle and the deltoid muscle; behind, with the trapezius.
Variation
The insertions of the coracoclavicular ligament can occur in slightly different places in different people. It may contain three fascicles rather than two.
Function
The coracoclavicular ligament is a strong stabilizer of the acromioclavicular joint. It is also important in the transmission of weight of the upper limb to the axial skeleton. There is very little movement at the AC joint.
Clinical significance
The coracoclavicular ligament may be damaged during a severe dislocated clavicle. Damage may be repaired with surgery.
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Coracoclavicular ligament
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Worker and Kolkhoz Woman () is a sculpture of two figures with a sickle and a hammer raised over their heads. The concept and compositional design belong to the architect Boris Iofan. It is 24.5 metres (78 feet) high, made from stainless steel by Vera Mukhina for the 1937 World's Fair in Paris, and subsequently moved to Moscow. The sculpture is an example of socialist realism in an Art Deco aesthetic. The worker holds aloft a hammer and the kolkhoz woman a sickle to form the hammer and sickle symbol.
History
The sculpture was originally created to crown the Soviet pavilion of the 1937 World's Fair. The organisers had placed the Soviet and German pavilions facing each other across the main pedestrian boulevard at the Trocadéro on the north bank of the Seine.
Mukhina was inspired by her study of the classical Harmodius and Aristogeiton, the Winged Victory of Samothrace and La Marseillaise, François Rude's sculptural group for the Arc de Triomphe, to bring a monumental composition of socialist realist confidence to the heart of Paris. The symbolism of the two figures striding from West to East, as determined by the layout of the pavilion, was also not lost on the spectators.
Mukhina said that her sculpture was intended "to continue the idea inherent in the building, and this sculpture was to be an inseparable part of the whole structure", but after the fair, the Rabochiy i Kolkhoznitsa was relocated to Moscow where it was placed just outside the All-Russia Exhibition Centre.
In 1941, the sculpture earned Mukhina one of the initial batch of Stalin Prizes.
The sculpture was removed for restoration in autumn of 2003 during the city's Expo 2010 bid.The plan during this process was that the sculpture could be back at their place in 2005,who what not happening due two factors: one was that the city lost the bidding process to Shanghai,and a many financial problems and re-installation was delayed.
At the end of 2009 the monument returned to its place at VDNKh after 6 years of restorations. The revealing of the restored monument was held on the evening of December 4, 2009, accompanied by fireworks and a light show. The restored statue uses a new pavilion as pedestal, increasing its total height from 34.5 metres (the old pedestal was 10 metres tall) to 60 metres (the new pavilion is 34.5 metres tall plus the 24.5 metres of the statue itself).
Manufacturing and installation
The main structure of the monument was made at The Moscow factory of aggregate machine tools and automatic lines (called "Stankoagregat"), while the smaller components of the outer covering were created at the pilot plant of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Metalworking, overseen by Professor Pyotr Nikolayevich Lvov. He suggested using stainless chrome-nickel steel for the sculpture, despite initial doubts from Vera Mukhina and the rest of the team. The main reason steel was chosen over bronze and copper was because it had a better ability to reflect light. The goal was for the monument to shine brighter than the eagle on the German pavilion and the Eiffel Tower. Lvov invented resistance spot welding, a technique that was used to skin airplanes since the 1930s. Instead of using the traditional riveting method, the decision was made to use this technology for assembling the sculpture.
At the start of the project, the workers had four plaster models to use, with the tallest one being 95 cm. They assembled the monument in the factory courtyard using a crane that was 35 meters high with a 15-meter boom. The templates for the plating parts were made of wood, and the carpenters used 15 cm thick boards. The molded parts were then shaped from inside the monument. People involved in the project remembered these details: "Working in February was particularly challenging due to the cold weather and strong winds. The only respite from the wind was inside the frame or "under the skirt of the Kolkhoznitsa". To keep warm, we relied on a fire that was built in a cauldron dug into the ground. Additionally, we had to manually weld the sheathing sheets".
A different approach was needed to create the hands and heads of the sculpture. Instead of using wooden templates, clay was used to fill in the damaged wooden blanks for the heads, which were then molded with steel. The creation of the scarf posed challenges, as it was a large and heavy piece that needed to be supported without external help. During the creation of this artwork, factory director S. P. Tambovtsev criticized Mukhina for causing delays with numerous revisions and claimed that the scarf she had designed could potentially damage the sculpture during windy weather. Tambovtsev even stated that Lev Trotsky, who was considered an "enemy of the people", could be seen in certain angles of the frame. However, his complaints were ignored, and engineers B.A. Dzerzhkovich and A.A. Prikhozhan managed to create a truss to support the scarf, allowing it to appear as if it was floating behind two figures.
During this time period, the sculpture was created and it was supported by a heavy frame weighing 63 tons. The outer shells of the sculpture, made from thin sheets of 0.5 mm steel, only weighed 12 tons. The entire process took three and a half months. Once the sculpture was assembled, it was visited by a government commission led by Kliment Voroshilov, the People's Commissar of Defense. Later that evening, Joseph Stalin, the leader of the USSR, inspected the finished monument. Shortly after, the sculpture was dismantled for transportation to Paris.
Renovation
In 2003, plans were made to restore the monument, and it was supposed to be finished by 2005. The Moscow government provided a budget of 35 million rubles for the dismantling process, including 5 million US dollars for scaffolding to meet safety regulations. However, the project was put on hold due to suspected embezzlement, and it was not resumed until 2007 after several inspections.
On December 31, 2008, the government announced a new tender for the restoration with a maximum contract amount of 2.395 billion rubles. The only company to participate and win the tender that same day was SK Strategia, a subsidiary of Inteko owned by Yelena Baturina, the wife of former Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov. The contract amount was increased to 2.905 billion rubles. Finally, the restoration was completed in November 2009.
The sculpture project was led by Vadim Tserkovnikov and the materials were made by the Vladimir Kucherenko Central Research Institute of Steel Structures. The casting and installation were done at the Energomash plant in Belgorod. The Melnikov Central Research Institute of Steel Structures worked on new calculations and designs for the frame, as the original documentation was not available and the new materials have different properties. The employees at the All-Russian Institute Of Aviation Materials (VIAM), under the leadership of E.N. Kablov, developed coatings and materials that are highly resistant to corrosion in order to restore the sculpture.
The sculpture was taken apart into 40 pieces and each piece was photographed to assess the level of damage caused by corrosion. Only 10% of the pieces needed to be replaced completely, while the rest could be restored. Additionally, the welding points were examined through radiography, with over one million points being checked. The sculpture had design flaws that made it not airtight, resulting in moisture buildup and pigeons nesting inside.
The second step in the reconstruction process involved cleaning the sculpture. The contaminants, particularly in the scarf and skirt areas, had accumulated over 70 years and resembled stalactites. Technobior developed a highly toxic and fluid substance to dissolve these contaminants and fully clean the surface. VIAM created an anti-corrosion paste specifically for the restoration of this sculpture, which won an award at an international exhibition. This paste can be applied at any angle, prevents spreading, enhances adhesion, and increases resistance to environmental damage. A ton of paste was used to treat the sculpture parts, and an additional protective compound was applied on top.
Under Tserkovnikov's guidance, a new triple frame was calculated and designed for the monument. This frame is divided into a load-bearing frame, an intermediate frame, and a structural frame that connects the shell and load-bearing frame. As a result of the reconstruction, the weight of the support increased by 2.5 times to account for the load of hurricane wind. The total weight of the monument now stands at 200 tons. The sculpture was placed on the pavilion, following the general design of Iofan's original project from 1937. The length of the building is 66 meters, and the original coat of arms created for the exhibition in 1937 is installed on the facade.
The monument was installed on November 28, 2009, using a specialized crane from Finland, of which there are only three in existence. The official unveiling of the monument occurred on December 4, 2009.
The total cost of dismantling, storing, and restoring the sculpture was 2.9 billion rubles. However, experts believe that this amount is at least twice as high as it should be. Vadim Tserkovnikov mentioned in an interview that the actual restoration expenses were much lower compared to the additional costs, such as constructing a 60-meter high scaffolding and hiring a crane from Finland, which cost several tens of millions of rubles.
Use in media
In Soviet cinema, the sculpture was chosen in 1947 to serve as the logo for the film studio Mosfilm. It can be seen in the opening credits of the film Red Heat, as well as many of the Russian films released by the Mosfilm studio itself.
A giant moving reproduction of the statue was featured in the opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, symbolizing post-World War II Soviet society, particularly in Moscow.
See also
Socialist realism
List of tallest statues
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Worker and Kolkhoz Woman
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Belper North Mill, also known as Strutt's North Mill in Belper, is one of the Derwent Valley Mills, given UNESCO World Heritage Status in 2001.
The mill is sited in Belper, a town in Derbyshire, England, roughly halfway between Derby and Matlock.
The original North Mill, completed in 1786 by Jedediah Strutt, was destroyed by fire in 1803. Its replacement was built in 1804 by his son, William Strutt, on the foundations of the old mill and is one of the oldest surviving examples of an iron-framed 'fire-proof' building in the world.
In 2015 a report by Amber Valley Borough Council said the North Mill (and the Grade II listed East Mill) were in need of repair as they had suffered "significant damage", and the council was said to be considering a compulsory purchase order.
Construction
The iron-framed mill is long by wide, high. It had two wings.
Cotton mills were prone to fire as cotton dust ignites easily and the resulting fire burns through ceiling and floor timbers. This had happened to the earlier mill. In an attempt to prevent this happening experiments were made to construct a fireproof mill. The wooden beams supporting the floor timbers were replaced with beams of cast iron, (steel was not available till after 1860) and between them were low vaults made of brick with a span. Above this rubble was used to level the floor which was made of brick. The floor arches over the wheel pit were of a hollow clay construction.
The beams were cast in a "turtle back profile" to give the required strength, at minimum weight. They were supported by cast iron columns, erected on top of each other. The lateral thrust of the brick arches was resisted by concealed wrought iron ties between the column tops. The building was 15 bays wide, and the wings six bays wide.
The mill is one of the first iron framed buildings. The technology is the precursor of the steel frames used in high rise buildings. The roof was made of slate and had internal gutters.
The waterwheel
A breast-shot waterwheel, wide, was built by Thomas Hewes. It was a suspension wheel with the power taken off at the edge by a spur wheel, making it lighter than a clasp wheel. The power was transmitted to the machines by a vertical shaft, geared to horizontal shafts on each floor. Leather belts were used to connect the shafts to individual machines.
Processes
Each of the mill's five floors housed different stages of the cotton spinning processes.
Raw cotton bales were unloaded from carts at the ground floor loading bay. The opening and cleaning machines broke the bales down and prepared the cotton into 'lap' form which was taken to the third and fourth floor carding rooms, housing three rows of carding engines, over 130. Carding machines disentangle the cotton fibres to produce a long continuous 'sliver'. Sixteen drawing frames, sometimes called lantern frames, straightened the fibres and pulled the 'slivers' into 'rovings' putting in a slight twist so they were ready for spinning. The rovings were coiled into large cans which were taken to the first and second floor.
Both the first and second floors originally housed thirty-four Arkwright water frames which spun 4236 ends simultaneously. This meant that 4236 rovings were continuously twisted together to become threads that were collected on small bobbins. Later mule spinning machines were introduced to produce finer thread types which were in demand. The bobbins were sent to the fifth floor.
On the fifth floor, reeling frames wound the spun thread into 'skeins' ready for dyeing at a factory in Milford. Doubling frames twisted two or more single spun thread together to make thicker and stronger thread. The amount of twist imparted determined the thread's properties.
The attic was later used as a schoolroom.
Machinery
Machinery contained in this mill:-
80 spinning frames with 4236 spindles each
136 carding engines
16 draw frames
4 stretching frames
Plus reeling, doubling and twisting frames
Hydro-electric plant
In 1998 a hydro-electric power generator was installed in the mill, producing 350 kW of power. This consists of 2 x 175 kW grid-connected low head Gilkes water turbine sets. It was installed by Derwent Hydroelectric Power Limited.
See also
Grade I listed buildings in Derbyshire
Listed buildings in Belper
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Belper North Mill
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Eugene Clyde Brooks (December 3, 1871 – October 18, 1947) was an American educator. He was educated at Trinity College (now Duke University), where he earned an A.B. degree in 1894. He also earned a Litt.D. degree from Davidson College in 1918.
Brooks was an educator by trade and spent much of his early professional life working in the North Carolina school system as a teacher, principal, and superintendent. From 1906-1923 he worked as the editor of North Carolina Educator, an education journal of which he was the founder. He was named head of the Department of Education at Trinity College in 1907, where he served until 1919 when he was appointed state superintendent of public instruction by Governor Thomas Walter Bickett. He was elected to the office in the 1920 general election.
Brooks resigned from the office in 1923 to become president of North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering (now North Carolina State University). During his tenure, NC State developed new programs including the School of Agriculture, the School of Education, the School of Science and Business, the School of Textiles, and the School of Engineering. Brooks retired from the presidency in 1934, and Brooks Hall was named in his honor.
He died in Raleigh, North Carolina in 1947. In 1948 he was posthumously elected to the North Carolina Educational Hall of Fame.
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Eugene C. Brooks
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Rābia al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya (; 801 CE) was an Arab Muslim saint and Sufi mystic and was an influential religious figure. She is known in some parts of the world as Hazrat Rabia Basri, Rabia Al Basri or simply Rabia Basri. She is considered by Muslims to be an example of piety and is a small part of the complicated early history of Islam.
Biography
Rabia is said to have been born between 714 and 718 CE (95 and 98 AH) in Basra, Iraq, of the Qays tribe. Attar of Nishapur, a later Sufi saint and poet, recounted much of her early life.
She was the fourth daughter of her family and so was called Rabia "the Fourth". According to Attar of Nishapur, whose account is more myth than historical narrative, when Rabia was born, her parents were so poor that there was no oil in the house to light a lamp, nor even a cloth to wrap her with. Her mother asked her husband to borrow some oil from a neighbor, but he had resolved in his life never to ask for anything from anyone except God. He pretended to go to the neighbor's door and returned home empty-handed. At night Muhammad appeared to him in a dream and told him,
However, after the death of her father, famine overtook Basra. She parted from her sisters and went into the desert to pray and become an ascetic, living a life of semi-seclusion. She is often cited as being the queen of saintly women, and was known for her complete devotion or "pure unconditional love of God". As an exemplar among others devoted to God, she provided a model of mutual love between God and His creation; her example is one in which the loving devotee on earth becomes one with the Beloved.
She prayed:
Rabia died in her eighties in Basra in 801 CE (185 AH), where her tomb was shown outside the city. However, Rabia's main modern biographer Rkia Elaroui Cornell says the datings of her birth and death "come from a much later period and the ultimate source of these dates is unclear." Her life records stem mainly from historical narratives. Rabia is thought of today as a saint because of her contributions to Sufism and her devotion to God.
Philosophy and religious contributions
Often noted as having been the single most famous and influential renunciant women of Islamic history, Rabia was renowned for her extreme virtue and piety. A devoted ascetic, when asked why she performed a thousand ritual prostrations both during the day and at night, she answered:
I desire no reward for it; I do it so that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and give him peace, will delight in it on the day of Resurrection and say to the prophets, 'Take note of what a woman of my community has accomplished.'
She was intense in her self-denial and devotion to God. She never claimed to have achieved unity with Him; instead, she dedicated her life to getting closer to God. As an explanation of her refusal to lift her head toward the heavens (to God) as an act of modesty, she used to say: "Were the world the possession of a single man, it would not make him rich ... because it is passing away."
She was the first to set forth the doctrine of divine love known as Ishq-e-Haqeeqi and is widely considered being the most important of the early renunciants, a form of piety that would eventually be labeled Sufism.
Rabia's teachings had a lasting impact on the religious world, as noted by many religious scholars. One non-Sufi account by Abu Uthman Al-Jahiz referred to her as highly respected, and someone people went to for guidance. Another reference by Abi Tahir Tayfur of Baghdad remembers her always having something important to say.
She was well known for having a powerful love for God and devoting her life to him. She was beloved not only by many for her spiritual guidance but for her ethics as well. She promoted the idea of loving God for being God, not for reward.
Among her most notable qualities besides her devotion to God are her humility and celibacy. Living alone and in love with only God, she is idolized by many for her religious passion and the example she set for the growing Muslim population. She is also said to be the founder of Islamic love mysticism.
Poetry and myths
Much of the poetry that is attributed to her is of unknown origin. There is no evidence in the historical archive that Rabia ever met Hasan al-Basri; however the following myth, which first appeared in Attar of Nishapur's Tadhkirat al-Awliya, is a common trope in the modern period: After a life of hardship, she spontaneously achieved a state of self-realization. She was chosen by Allah to perform divine miracles. When asked by Shaikh Hasan al-Basri, how she discovered the secret, she responded by stating "you know of the how, but I know of the how-less."
One of the many myths that surround her life is that she was freed from slavery because her master saw her praying while surrounded by light, realized that she was a saint and feared for his life if he continued to keep her as a slave.
Biographer Rkia Elaroui Cornell discovered four main tropes of her mythologization: Rabia the Teacher, Rabia the Ascetic, Rabia the Lover, and Rabia the Sufi.
Asceticism
Rabia is often mythologized as an essential ascetic, where "the ascetic attains the Nonworld not by rejecting the World but by treating it as unimportant. The essential ascetic avoids the World not because it is evil per se but because it is a distraction from God."
As teacher
Rabia was said to have a circle of disciples, including Maryam of Basra. Besides her disciples, she is regarded as a mentor to many emerging Muslims and guided people in their journey toward God and Sufi practices.
While nothing physical is left, her impact on the lives of the people around her can be seen in the stories still told about her. For someone whose physical existence is unproved, the fact that her name is still known and respected today speaks volumes.
In feminist theory
Several aspects of Sufism suggest that Sufi ideologies and practices have stood as counters to dominant society and its perception of women and the relationships between men and women. The stories detailing the life and practices of Rabia show a countercultural understanding of the role of gender in society. Her role as a spiritual and intellectual superiority is depicted in several narratives. In a Sufi narrative, Sufi leader Hasan al-Basri explained, "I passed one whole night and day with Rabi'a ... it never passed through my mind that I was a man nor did it occur to her that she was a woman...when I looked at her I saw myself as bankrupt [i.e. as spiritually worth nothing] and Rabi'a as truly sincere [rich in spiritual virtue]." She decided to stay celibate in order to leave her womanhood behind and devote herself completely to God.
Legacy
There are no artifacts found written by or about Rabia during her lifetime. While there are various poems and pieces of writing under her name, the legitimacy of their origin is highly debated. Since there are no primary sources confirming her existence or writing, historians rely on the literature of other religious philosophers that came after her time and who wrote about her legacy.
Because of the lack of eyewitness accounts and surviving evidence of her life, the historical Rabia is unknown. However, her importance and legacy remain prominent through tales of her life, modern references, and her standing in Muslim culture. While no physical evidence was found of her, Rabia's story and poetry remain an inspiration to women and Muslim people today.
Her teachings and example are influential for people of her time and Sufis today. They help narrate what Islam looked like throughout time and show what influential roles women have played in it.
In popular culture
Dilras Banu Begum (1622–1657) was the first wife and chief consort of Emperor Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor. She was given the posthumous title Rabia-ud-Daurani ("Rabia of the Age") in her honour.
The life of Rabia has been the subject of several motion pictures of Turkish cinema. One of these films, Rabia, released in 1973, was directed by Osman F. Seden, and Fatma Girik played the leading role of Rabia.
Rabia, İlk Kadın Evliya (Rabia, The First Woman Saint) is another Turkish film on Rabia. It was also released in 1973 and was directed by Süreyya Duru, starring Hülya Koçyiğit.
The Indonesian song "Jika Surga dan Neraka Tak Pernah Ada" sung by Ahmad Dhani and Chrisye on their 2004 album Senyawa, is based on Rabia's quotes about worshipping God out of love, not out of fear of punishment or desire for a reward.
Other names
Rabia al-Musmaiyya
Rabia al-Adawiyya
Rabia al-Qaysiyya
Adawiyya refers to her clan, and Qaysiyya refers to her tribe.
Like any tale, small pieces of information can be elaborated upon by different people through the ages. While little is known about Rabia, it is crucial to be mindful of the human exaggeration or modifications possibly made through the passage of time.
Further reading
Kayaalp, Pinar, "Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. II, pp. 511–512;
Mohammad, Shababulqadri Tazkirah e Hazrat Rabia Basri, Mushtaq Book Corner, 2008
Rkia Elaroui Cornell, Rabia From Narrative to Myth The Many Faces of Islam's Most Famous Woman Saint, Rabia al-Adawiyya (Oneworld: London, 2019)
See also
Zawiyat al-'Adawiyya, Jerusalema tomb venerated as Rabia's
List of Sufis
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Rabia of Basra
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David Thurman Macklin (born July 14, 1978) is a former American football cornerback. He was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the third round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football at Penn State.
Macklin has also been a member of the Arizona Cardinals, Washington Redskins, St. Louis Rams and Kansas City Chiefs.
College career
Macklin was a three-year starter at Penn State University. He was selected an All-Big Ten player as a junior in 1998, the year when he led the conference in interceptions with six. As a freshman Macklin briefly played point guard for the Penn State basketball team after the football season had ended.
Macklin studied business logistics at Penn State.
Professional career
Indianapolis Colts
Macklin spent the first four years of his career with the Indianapolis Colts after being drafted in the third round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He reached the 2004 AFC Championship Game with Colts, but the team lost to eventual Super Bowl champion New England Patriots in that game.
Arizona Cardinals
Macklin signed as a free-agent contract with the Arizona Cardinals in 2004. He scored his only NFL touchdown on a 60-yard interception return for the Cardinals in 2005. He was released by the Cardinals in March, 2007, making him a free agent again.
Washington Redskins
On April 5, 2007, he agreed to a deal with the Washington Redskins. He became a free agent at the conclusion of the season.
St. Louis Rams
Macklin signed with the St. Louis Rams in March 2008. He spent training camp with the team, but was released during the final cuts on August 30.
Kansas City Chiefs
Macklin signed with the Kansas City Chiefs to a two-year contract on November 5, 2008.
He was released on March 18, 2009.
NFL statistics
Personal life
Macklin was arrested for DUI in Newport News, Virginia on March 13, 2009; a BAC test indicated that his level was above the legal limit.
Macklin runs a foundation named 27 Reasons (27 is his college and professional number) which aids underprivileged kids in Arizona and Virginia.
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David Macklin
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Alboran or Alborán may refer to
Alboran Sea, the westernmost portion of the Mediterranean Sea
Alboran Island, an islet of Spain
Battle of Alborán, a 1540 islet off the island
Alboran Trio, an Italian jazz piano trio
Nicolas Moreno de Alboran (born 1997), American tennis player
Pablo Alborán (born 1989), Spanish musician and singer-songwriter
See also
Alborn (disambiguation)
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Alboran
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Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart is a Catholic college preparatory day school for girls, founded in 1961 in Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida.
Description
Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart was founded in 1961. Its oldest building, El Jardin, built in 1918, was donated to the Society of the Sacred Heart by the O’Neil family. The school now resides across two campuses in Coconut Grove, Florida, and still uses El Jardin for classes, along with many other buildings. El Jardin is part of the Barat Campus, named after St. Madeline Sophie Barat, the founding mother of the Sacred Heart. Carrollton has a student population of around 862.
A member of the Network of Sacred Heart Schools, Carrollton is divided into five independent learning communities or schools: Montessori, Primary, Intermediate, Junior High and High School.
Carrollton has a nationally recognized debate and robotics team. In 2007, the school hosted a national robotics competition. Its athletic mascot is the Carrollton Cyclone.
In 2023, Carrollton was ranked the #1 Catholic and All-Girls High School in Florida.
History
In 2019, the school had plans to build an elementary school for boys on the property of Villa Woodbine, which prompted complaints from area residents.
Alumnae
Sofia Carson, actress
Lauren Jauregui, member of Fifth Harmony
Ana Navarro, political strategist and television commentator
Génesis Rodríguez, actress
Notes and references
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Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart
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Mukriyan () or 'Deryaz' was a Kurdish principality from the late 14th century to the 19th century centered around Mahabad. Mukriyan was a neighbor to the Emirate of Bradost.
Geography and tribes
Mukriyan encompassed the area south of Lake Urmia, including the cities of Mahabad, Piranshahr, Oshnaviyeh, Sardasht and Bukan with the city of Naqadeh historically being included in Mukriyan, though today Kurds only make up approximately 35% of the city. The city of Saqqez is culturally very similar to Mukriyan, though politically it acted more as its own city-state.
A few tribes include Dehbruki, Gewirk, Mangur, Mukri, Amireh, Khelki, Sheikh Sherefi, Selekei, Ḥasan Khāli, Kārish, Silki, Sekir, Fekiyesi, Ables, Bārik, Soleimāni, Beyi, Omerbil, Merzink, Lētāu Māwet, and Shiwezāi.
History
Before Mukris, the region was ruled by Hadhabanis, the region is also in the same, or similar, location as Mannea and Takht-e Soleymān. During the battle of Dimdim, Mukriyanis rallied around Kurds of Bradost. Abbas I of Persia married a Mukri noblewomen in 1610 AD following the execution of her brother, Bodagh Soltan, during the defeat of the Mukri at the battle of Dimdim.
See also
Republic of Mahabad
Mukri tribe
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Mukriyan
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Wayne Stenehjem ( ; February 5, 1953 – January 28, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 29th Attorney General of North Dakota from 2000 until his death in 2022. He sought the Republican nomination for governor of North Dakota in 2016 but lost the primary on June 14 by 20%.
Biography
Stenehjem was born in Mohall, North Dakota. He graduated from Bismarck High School in 1971 and Bismarck State College in 1972. He attended the University of North Dakota and the UND School of Law, graduating in 1977. Stenehjem was elected to the North Dakota House of Representatives in 1976, and served two terms there until 1980, when he was elected to the North Dakota Senate. He served in that capacity until 2000, when he became Attorney General of North Dakota. As Attorney General, Stenehjem proposed legislation to curb methamphetamine use and addiction in the state, by restricting retail sales of certain products used in its manufacture, providing mandatory treatment for first-time drug offenders, and increasing criminal penalties for drug offenders. Stenehjem was reelected in 2004, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 by wide margins. Before his death, he had announced he would not run for reelection in 2022. Stenehjem was hospitalized in Bismarck for an inflamed ulcer on January 28, 2022. He died later that day, at the age of 68.
He was married to Beth Bakke Stenehjem, and had one son, Andrew. He was the brother of North Dakota Senate Majority Leader Bob Stenehjem (1952–2011) and former North Dakota House of Representatives member Allan Stenehjem (who is now a lobbyist).
Career
North Dakota House of Representatives (1976–1980)
North Dakota Senate (1980–2000)
Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee (1995–2000)
North Dakota Attorney General (2000–2022)
Controversies
In 2014, Agent Arnie Rummel, who worked under the North Dakota Bureau of Criminal Investigation, under the supervision of the Attorney General's office, was charged in Dickey County District Court with two misdemeanors. Business owner Darrell Schrum accused Rummel of violating his constitutional rights when the BCI damaged personal property and seized Schrum's payloader and transported it out of state. Rummel had secured a warrant to seize the equipment, suspected as stolen, and Stenehjem's office defended Rummel in the long-running dispute that ensued.
Stenehjem said, "All he did was return a payloader that was stolen to the rightful owner." But Schrum's attorney argued that the trucking company Rummel gave the loader to had no legal ownership and that the search warrant required Rummel only to deliver the loader to the court. Rummel was found in contempt of court and the case resulted in a cash settlement for Schrum, as the payloader was found to have been unlawfully seized.
Electoral history
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Wayne Stenehjem
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Nicole Struse (born 31 May 1971 in Haan, North Rhine Westphalia) is a German table tennis player, who won several national contests and reached round three with Elke Wosik in the Women's Doubles Competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She represented her native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992. 1995 she was ranked no 1 in the European ranking list. 2004 she won the Europe Top-12 table tennis tournament. After winning the eight German single championship she replaced Hilde Bussmann and Trude Pritzi as new record holder in 2005. 2006 she and Wu Jiaduo won the German double championship. Struse ist right-hander, her strength is the offence. Recently, in March 2009, she was sixth of the German ranking. After that she was not ranked any more because of having not taken part in enough table tennis games during the last twelve months.
Associations
Nicole Struse belonged to the following associations:
SSVg Haan (from 1980)
TTC Fortuna Solingen
DSC Kaiserberg (1985–1986)
Weiß-Rot-Weiß Kleve (1986–1987)
Spvg Steinhagen (1987–1994)
TSG Dülmen (1994–1997)
Assistance Coesfeld (1997–1998)
Montpellier TT (Frankreich) (1999–2000)
FSV Kroppach (2000–2009)
SV Böblingen (2009-????)
Private life
On 1 May 2000 Struse became a member of the “Sportfördergruppe” of the "Federal Defence Force" of Germany in Mainz.
Literature
Rahul Nelson: Energiegeladenes Temperamentbündel auf dem Weg nach oben: Nicole Struse, Magazine DTS, 1990/6 S.36-38
Manfred Schillings: Auf dem Gipfel des Erfolges, Bericht über die dreifache Europameisterin 1996, Magazine DTS, 1996/6 S.8-9
Rahul Nelson: Das Leben der Nicole Struse (4 parts series)
Teil 1: Allein unter Jungs, Magazine DTS, 1996/7 S.7-9
Teil 2: Lehrjahre sind keine Mädchenjahre, Magazine DTS, 1996/9 S.36-38
Teil 3: School is out forever, Magazine DTS, 1996/10 S.50-52
Teil 4: Auf dem Gipfel Europas, Magazine DTS, 1996/11 S.26-28
See also
List of table tennis players
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Nicole Struse
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Alférez FAP Alfredo Vladimir Sara Bauer Airport (official name Alférez FAP Vladimir Sara Bauer Airport) is a small regional airport serving Andoas, in the northern Loreto Region of Peru. It is currently not served by any scheduled airline but it is by private and charter airlines. The airport is less than in from the Pastaza River and is downstream from the Peruvian border with Ecuador.
The airport is named after Vladimir Enrique Sara Bauer, who died in a helicopter accident on October 6, 1977.
Airlines and Destinations
Accidents and incidents
On May 5, 1998, the 1998 Occidental Petroleum Boeing 737 crash took place near the airport, when a chartered Boeing 737 crashed near the airport, killing 75 out of 88 occupants.
See also
Transport in Peru
List of airports in Peru
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Alférez FAP Alfredo Vladimir Sara Bauer Airport
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The Tuen Mun District Council () is the District Council of Tuen Mun District, in the New Territories. It is one of 18 such councils. The Council consists of 32 members with 31 of those elected through first past the post system every four years with 1 ex officio member who is the Tuen Mun Rural Committee chairman. The latest election was held on 24 November 2019.
History
The Tuen Mun District Council was established on 1 April 1981 under the name of the Tuen Mun District Board as the result of the colonial Governor Murray MacLehose's District Administration Scheme reform. The District Board was partly elected with the ex-officio Regional Council members and Tuen Mun Rural Committee chairman, as well as members appointed by the Governor until 1994 when last Governor Chris Patten refrained from appointing any member. Rural leaders and indigenous inhabitants like Lau Wong-fat had dominated local political scene in the early and mid-1980s.
The Tuen Mun District Board became Tuen Mun Provisional District Board after the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) was established in 1997 with the appointment system being reintroduced by Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa. The current Tuen Mun District Council was established on 1 January 2000 after the first District Council election in 1999. The appointed seats were abolished in 2015 after the modified constitutional reform proposal was passed by the Legislative Council in 2010.
As a new town in the 1980s, Tuen Mun was a strategic target for emerging pro-democracy activists, notably the Meeting Point. Ng Ming-yum was first elected in the 1985 election with the highest votes in the territory and was re-elected with high votes in 1988 and 1991 and later on elected to the Legislative Council in 1991. Another pro-democracy party Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) and pro-Taipei 123 Democratic Alliance also established their bases in the 1990s. In the 1994 election, the pro-democracy and pro-Taipei together gained the control of the council.
The Tuen Mun District Council is also dominated by the rural forces. Long-time Heung Yee Kuk chairman Lau Wong-fat was the long-time chairman of the council from 1985 up until 2011, and again from 2011 to 2015, on the capacity of Tuen Mun Rural Committee chairman. In 1994 when the pro-democrat and pro-Taipei councillors controlled the board, the 123 Democratic Alliance defected and elected Lau to be the chairman. Lau chairmanship was interrupted in 2011 when his rural committee chairmanship was taken away by Junius Ho. Leung Kin-man of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB), which rapidly developed its base in the district after the handover, took the chairmanship briefly and again became the council chairman since 2015.
The Democratic Party chairman Albert Ho was a long time councillor in the district, representing Lok Tsui, until he was defeated in the 2015 District Council election when he was ousted by Junius Ho, which eliminated Albert Ho's eligibility to run in the District Council (Second) constituency for the Legislative Council. The Democratic Party also suffered a huge defeat in the district, dropping their seats from seven to four.
Amid the massive pro-democracy protests in 2019, Junius Ho who was a key anti-protest figure who was allegedly involved in the Yuen Long attack was challenged by Democratic Party's Lo Chun-yu in his constituency in the November election, with Lo's party winning eight seats. A historic landslide victory occurred as the pro-democrats took 28 of the 31 seats in the council with Ho being unseated. A localist political group Tuen Mun Community Network also grabbed four seats as a result.
Political control
Since 1982 political control of the council has been held by the following parties:
Political makeup
Elections are held every four years.
District result maps
Members represented
Leadership
Chairs
Since 1985, the chairman is elected by all the members of the board:
Vice Chairs
Notes
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Tuen Mun District Council
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Ecotheology is a form of constructive theology that focuses on the interrelationships of religion and nature, particularly in the light of environmental concerns. Ecotheology generally starts from the premise that a relationship exists between human religious/spiritual worldviews and the degradation or restoration and preservation of nature. It explores the interaction between ecological values, such as sustainability, and the human domination of nature. The movement has produced numerous religious-environmental projects around the world.
The burgeoning awareness of environmental crisis has led to widespread religious reflection on the human relationship with the earth. Such reflection has strong precedents in most religious traditions in the realms of ethics and cosmology, and can be seen as a subset or corollary to the theology of nature.
It is important to keep in mind that ecotheology explores not only the relationship between religion and nature in terms of degradation of nature, but also in terms of ecosystem management in general. Specifically, ecotheology seeks not only to identify prominent issues within the relationship between nature and religion, but also to outline potential solutions. This is of particular importance because many supporters and contributors of ecotheology argue that science and education are simply not enough to inspire the change necessary in our current environmental crisis.
There is not a clear distinction between environmental theology and ecotheology, though the term environmental theology might indicate a theology in which environmental ethics is established prior to one's understanding of the meaning of God.
Background
Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a pioneering figure in the field of ecotheology, was among the early thinkers "to draw attention to the spiritual dimensions of the environmental crisis" He first presented his insight in a 1965 essay, expanding it in a series of lectures given at the University of Chicago the following year, in May 1966, several months before Lynn White, Jr. gave his famous lecture before the American Academy of Arts and Sciences on December 26, 1966 (published in Science in 1967 as “The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis”). Nasr’s lectures were later published as Man and Nature: The Spiritual Crisis of Modern Man in 1968 in which he argued, in a detailed manner, "for the revival of a sacred view of the universe in order to combat the contemporary environmental crisis". Anna M. Gade states that the "short and often credited" article by Lynn White contained "similar arguments" made by Nasr in his "influential" Rockefeller Series Lectures at the University of Chicago Divinity School, about a year ago. Richard Foltz is also of the view that Nasr's Lectures that "preceded" White's 1967 article presented "similar argument". Foltz argues that "Nasr has made the connection between the West's spiritual and environmental crises since the 1950s" and "actually anticipated White's critique in his own lectures given at the University of Chicago earlier in the same year as White's address". Nasr is credited for making "significant methodological and theoretical contributions to the development of eco-theology".
The relationship of theology to the modern ecological crisis, however, became an intense issue of debate in Western academia in 1967, following the publication of the article, "The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis", by Lynn White Jr., Professor of History at the University of California at Los Angeles. In this work, White puts forward a theory that the Christian model of human dominion over nature has led to environmental devastation, providing a voice for "The Ecological Complaint".
In 1973, theologian Jack Rogers published an article in which he surveyed the published studies of approximately twelve theologians which had appeared since White's article. They reflect the search for "an appropriate theological model" which adequately assesses the biblical data regarding the relationship between God, humans, and nature.
Precedents in religious thought
Some scholars argue that Christians actually helped bring about the current global environmental crisis by instructing followers that God, and by extension mankind, transcends nature. Much of the development of ecotheology as a theological discourse was in response to this argument, which has been called "The Ecological Complaint". Defendants of this perspective essentially claim that Christianity promotes the idea of human dominion over nature, treating nature itself as a tool to be used and even exploited for survival and prosperity.
However, Christianity has often been viewed as the source of positive values towards the environment, and there are many voices within the Christian tradition whose vision embraces the well-being of the earth and all creatures. While Francis of Assisi is one of the more obvious influences on Christian ecotheology, there are many theologians and teachers, such as Isaac of Nineveh and Seraphim of Sarov, whose work has profound implications for Christian thinkers. Many of these are less well known in the West because their primary influence has been on the Orthodox Church rather than the Roman Catholic Church.
The significance of indigenous traditions for the development of ecotheology also cannot be overstated. Systems of Traditional Ecological Knowledge, in combination with modern scientific methods of ecosystem management, are steadily gaining interest as environmental activists realize the importance of locally invested groups.
Further exploration
Christian ecotheology draws on the writings of such authors as Jesuit priest and paleontologist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, and Passionist priest and historian Thomas Berry. It is well represented in Protestantism by John B. Cobb, Jr., Jürgen Moltmann, and Michael Dowd; in ecofeminism by feminist theologians Rosemary Radford Ruether, Catherine Keller, and Sallie McFague; in ecowomanism by Melanie Harris and Karen Baker-Fletcher; in liberation theology by Leonardo Boff and Tink Tinker; in Roman Catholicism by John F. Haught and Pope Francis; and in Orthodoxy by Elizabeth Theokritoff and George Nalunnakkal (currently Bishop Geevarghese Mor Coorilose of the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church). Besides works on theology per se, interpreters of the ecological significance of scripture, such as Ellen Davis, also play an important role.
Creation Spirituality is another important expression of ecotheology that has been developed and popularized by Matthew Fox, a former Catholic Dominican friar turned Episcopal priest.
Abraham Joshua Heschel and Martin Buber, both Jewish philosophers, have also left their mark on Christian ecotheology, and provide significant inspiration for Jewish ecotheology. The most recent and most complete expressions of Jewish ecotheology to date can be found in Rabbi Arthur Ocean Waskow's work on ecotheology in the Hebrew scriptures and Rabbi David Mevorach Seidenberg's work on Kabbalah and ecology.
Hindu ecotheology includes writers such as Vandana Shiva. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a Perennialist scholar and Persian Sufi philosopher, was one of the earlier Muslim voices calling for a reevaluation of the Western relationship to nature.
Elisabet Sahtouris is an evolutionary biologist and futurist who promotes a vision she believes will result in the sustainable health and well-being of humanity within the larger living systems of Earth and the cosmos. She is a lecturer in Gaia Theory and a coworker with James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis. Increasingly there are points of reference between Gaianism, environmentalism and the world's major religions.
Annie Dillard, Pulitzer Prize-winning American author, also combined observations on nature and philosophical explorations in several ecotheological writings, including Pilgrim at Tinker Creek.
Terry Tempest Williams is a Mormon writer and conservationist who sensitively and imaginatively explores ecotheology in her very personal writing.
The majority of the content of Indians of the Americas, by former Bureau of Indian Affairs head John Collier, concerns the link between ecological sustainability and religion among Native North and South Americans.
Mark I. Wallace is a self-described Christian animist; his research argues that when God appears in the Bible as a dove, a snake, or the burning bush, that this is a literal transformation rather than a metaphorical one.
See also
Animism
Ecospirituality
Faith in Place
Hima (environmental protection)
Kaitiaki
Laudato si'
Laudate Deum
Religion and environmentalism
Christianity and environmentalism
Judaism and environmentalism
Religious naturalism
Spiritual ecology
Stewardship
Earth stewardship
Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology
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Ecotheology
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Czerteż is a village in East Małopolska in the Lesser Beskid mountains, in the district called Gmina Sanok. It is situated below the main watershed at the foot of the Słonne Mountains, and has an elevation of 346 metres. Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Krosno Voivodship (1975–1998) and Sanok district, Sanok subdistrict (more than 4 miles/7 km west of Sanok), parish Kostarowce. In Czerteż is The Agricultural Production Cooperative "Unity"
History
Czerteż was founded in 1339 by prince Bolesław Jerzy II of Mazovia, and was originally named Czerteznyki ( en. Handicrafts ).
In 966-1018, 1340-1772 (Ruthenian Voivodeship) and 1918-1939 Czertez was part of Poland. Between 1772 and 1918 it belonged to Austrian empire, later Austrian-Hungarian empire when double monarchy was introduced in Austria. It is the oldest settlement in the Sanoczek river-basin.
Religion
In the center of the village there is a wooden Greek-Catholic church of the Transfiguration of Our Lord dating to 1742. It was renovated in 1877 and 1924. It is an excellent examples of Boyko architecture.
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Czerteż
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Irving Kahal (March 5, 1903, Houtzdale, Pennsylvania – February 7, 1942, New York City) was a popular American song lyricist active in the 1920s and 1930s. He is best remembered for his collaborations with composer Sammy Fain which started in 1926 when Kahal was working in vaudeville sketches written by Gus Edwards. Their collaboration lasted 16 years, until Kahal's death in 1942.
Among many fine songs, the stand-out was "You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me" on which Pierre Norman lent a hand, which was sung by Maurice Chevalier in the film The Big Pond (1930) effectively becoming his signature tune, and featured by Frank Sinatra on his magisterial album Songs For Swingin' Lovers.
The Fain/Kahal catalogue also includes "Let a Smile Be Your Umbrella" (1928) with Francis Wheeler, "Wedding Bells Are Breaking Up That Old Gang of Mine" (1929) with Willie Raskin, "By a Waterfall" (1930), "When I Take My Sugar to Tea" (1931) with Pierre Norman, "I Can Dream, Can't I?" (1938) and "I'll Be Seeing You", which was written in 1938, but became a hit in 1943 especially among the families of servicemen sent overseas.
In 1970, Irving Kahal was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
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Irving Kahal
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Kapisillit is a settlement in the Sermersooq municipality in southwestern Greenland. In 2020, the settlement had 52 inhabitants. Kapisillit means the salmon in the Greenlandic language (). The name refers to the belief that the only spawning-ground for salmon in Greenland is a river near the settlement.
Geography
Kapisillit is located northeast of Nuuk, near the head of Kapisillit Kangerluaq, one of the tributary fjords of the long, Nuup Kangerlua, the longest fjord on the Labrador Sea coast of Greenland, and one of the longest in the inhabited part of the country.
Economy
The inhabitants mostly subsist on hunting, fishing and tourism. The settlement has its own school, church, and grocery store.
Transport
Transport to Kapisillit is done by boat. Helicopter is sometimes used. There is no road from outside to Kapisillit, although there are plans to build a simple road from Nuuk to Kapisillit.
Population
The population of Kapisillit has declined by nearly a third relative to the 2000 levels, levelling off since.
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Kapisillit
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The Blitz defence is a defensive technique used in rugby union. It was brought to prominence by Shaun Edwards, the head coach of London Wasps. The Blitz defence relies on the whole defensive line moving forward towards their markedman as one as soon as the ball leaves the base of a ruck or maul. The charge is usually led by the inside centre.
The idea of this technique is to prevent the attacking team gaining any ground by tackling them behind the gain line and forcing interceptions and charged-down kicks. However, the defending team can be vulnerable to chip kicks and any player breaking the defensive line will have much space to play because the defence are running the other way and must stop, turn and chase. In many ways, the blitz is similar to the defence used in rugby league which can be explained by Edwards's background in that code.
It has however, paid dividends for London Wasps with the team winning the Heineken Cup in 2003-04 and 2006–07, the Premiership title in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2008 and the Anglo-Welsh Cup in 2006.
Not only this, but this style of defence played a significant role in the 2008 Six Nations Grand Slam for the Welsh national team, who conceded only two tries over five games.
The term blitz defence is derived from a defensive play in American Football, where the defence players (usually Linebackers) pile forward against the offensive line en masse in the hope of tackling the Quarterback while he is still in possession of the ball.
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Blitz defence
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Lake Washington Rowing Club (LWRC) is an organization in the greater Seattle area to further the sport of rowing. It trains people ranging in experience from beginners to Olympic-caliber rowers. The club emphasizes mastery of boat-handling skills and values sculling as the principal path to excellence in all types of rowing.
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Lake Washington Rowing Club
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Gove Airport (also known as Gove-Nhulunbuy Airport) is on the Gove Peninsula in the Northern Territory of Australia. It services the mining town of Nhulunbuy and several Aboriginal communities including Yirrkala. The airport is located south southeast of the Nhulunbuy town centre, on Melville Road. It is operated by the Nhulunbuy Corporation.
Airnorth operates daily scheduled services to and from Darwin and Cairns and once weekly services to Groote Eylandt. Scheduled services are also operated by Mission Aviation Fellowship to local communities within the East Arnhem region.
The airport is a regional hub for air charter operations with various charter companies based and/or operating out of Gove. These include Air Arnhem, Marthakal Yolngu Airline, Katherine Aviation, Air Frontier, Black Diamond Aviation and Mission Aviation Fellowship.
History
Gove Airport is located on the site of the former RAAF Base Gove. This World War II airbase was built in 1943 and named for Pilot Officer William Gove who was killed in action. During the war, the airfield was used by No. 83 Squadron RAAF flying CAC Boomerangs and No. 13 Squadron RAAF flying Lockheed Venturas, with No. 42 Squadron RAAF operating PBY Catalina flying boats out of nearby Drimmie Head. At the height of operations, over 5,000 servicemen were stationed at the base. The base closed in early 1946.
Facilities
The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 13/31 with an asphalt surface measuring .
A new terminal building was completed in 2005, providing an air-conditioned departure lounge and indoor baggage collection.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
Gove Airport was ranked 61st in Australia for the number of revenue passengers served in financial year 2018–2019.
See also
List of airports in the Northern Territory
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Gove Airport
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UN Käerjéng 97 is a football club, based in Bascharage, in south-western Luxembourg.
History
A young club, it was only formed in 1997 as an amalgam of Union Sportive Bascharage and Jeunesse Hautcharage.
In the 2005–06 season, Käerjéng finished sixth in the National Division. They finished second in their relegation group, but were already guaranteed their safety before they played any games in it.
Honours
As Jeunesse Hautcharage
Luxembourg Cup
Winners (1): 1970–71
European competition
As Jeunesse Hautcharage
Jeunesse Hautcharage qualified for UEFA European competition once.
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
First round (1): 1971–72
On their first tie in Europe, they suffered the largest ever aggregate defeat in UEFA competition: 21–0 against Chelsea. Which to this date, is the largest ever aggregate score for an official UEFA football match
(but is equal with Feyenoord Rotterdam, who achieved the very same result against US Rumelange winning first leg 9–0 and second 12–0 in 1972–73 UEFA Cup)
As UN Käerjéng 97
UEFA Cup
Second qualifying round, 2007–08
After losing the previous season's cup final against F91 Dudelange UN Käerjéng 97 qualified for the UEFA Cup for the second time in the club's history, drawing Norwegian side Lillestrøm in the first qualifying round. Losing merely 2–1 away at Åråsen stadion in itself was a remarkable feat for the club, but after a very surprising 1–0 win at home, UN Käerjéng 97 was through to the second qualifying round on away goals after a 2–2 aggregate score. UN Käerjéng 97 lost 4–0 in the second qualifying round to Standard Liège.
Thus, Käerjéng's overall European record is:
Former managers
Angelo Fiorucci (July 1, 2000 – June 30, 2009)
Claude Heinz (July 1, 2009 – Dec 8, 2009)
Roland Schaack (Jan 1, 2010–)
Current squad
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UN Käerjéng 97
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The Atlantic pomfret (Brama brama), also known as Ray's bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a pomfret of the family Bramidae. It is found in the Atlantic, Indian, and South Pacific Oceans, at depths down to .
Its length is between . In South Africa, where it is a common bycatch of the hake fishery, it is generally known and sold as "angelfish", although it is not a true marine angelfish.
The Atlantic pomfret has very significant migration patterns which greatly depend on the temperature of intermediate waters, but are also affected by secondary reactions from density dependence and the climatic conditions of the surface. Although the species was first recorded in Irish waters in 1843, it was still regarded as scarce up until the late 1950s, but between the 1960s and 1970s large numbers were recorded. The population has been booming since the late 2000s.
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Atlantic pomfret
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Far as Human Eye Could See: Essays on Science (published 1987) is a collection of science essays by American writer and scientist Isaac Asimov, short works which originally appeared in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (F&SF), these being first published between November 1984 and March 1986.
Contents
(with date of original publication):
Part One: Physical Chemistry
"Made, Not Found" (December 1984)
"Salt and Battery" (February 1985)
"Current Affairs" (March 1985)
"Forcing the Lines" (April 1985)
"Arise, Fair Sun!" (May 1985)
Part Two: Biochemistry
"Poison in the Negative" (July 1985)
"Tracing the Traces" (August 1985)
"The Goblin Element" (September 1985)
"A Little Leaven" (October 1985)
"The Biochemical Knife-Blade" (November 1985)
Part Three: Geochemistry
"Far, Far Below" (January 1985)
Part Four: Astronomy
"Time is Out of Joint" (February 1986)
"The Discovery of the Void" (December 1985)
"Chemistry of the Void" (January 1986)
"The Rule of Numerous Small" (June 1985)
"Superstar:" (March 1986)
" Far as Human Eye Could See" (November 1984)
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Far as Human Eye Could See
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CJKX-FM is a Canadian radio station. Although its official city of licence is Ajax, Ontario, the station operates from studios in Oshawa, Ontario with co-owned stations CKDO and CKGE-FM. Airing at 95.9 FM, the station broadcasts a country format branded as KX96.
History
The station was launched on November 21, 1967 as AM 1390 CHOO. The station was acquired in 1973 by Community Communications, and in 1977 by Golden West Broadcasting. In 1994, the station was acquired by its current owner, Durham Radio, and moved to its current FM frequency.
In 1999, the station added a 5 kW rebroadcaster (CJKX-FM-1) in Sunderland, operating on 89.9 FM to cover the area that receives interference from first-adjacent CFJB-FM.
In 2006, CJKX was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to add a rebroadcaster (CJKX-FM-2) in downtown Toronto, to operate on 95.9 FM, the same frequency as the main station. That rebroadcaster's transmitter is located atop the First Canadian Place.
The CHOO callsign was formerly used at a station, (now defunct) in Tofino, British Columbia from 2000 to 2002. The current "CHOO" callsign is now currently being used at a radio station Drumheller, Alberta, known today as CHOO-FM. Both of these stations that used the "CHOO" callsign have no relation to CJKX.
On August 1, 2016, the CRTC denied Durham Radio Inc. (Durham)'s application to change the authorized contours of CJKX-FM-2. The applicant proposed to change the transmitter's class from A to B1 and increase the average effective radiated power (ERP) from 122 to 194 watts (maximum ERP from 220 to 800 watts).
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CJKX-FM
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Retail banking, also known as consumer banking or personal banking, is the provision of services by a bank to the general public, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks, which are often described as wholesale banking. Banking services which are regarded as retail include provision of savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. Retail banking is also distinguished from investment banking or commercial banking. It may also refer to a division or department of a bank which deals with individual customers.
In the U.S., the term commercial bank is used for a normal bank to distinguish it from an investment bank. After the Great Depression, the Glass–Steagall Act restricted normal banks to banking activities, and investment banks to capital market activities. That distinction was repealed in the 1990s. Commercial bank can also refer to a bank or a division of a bank that deals mostly with deposits and loans from corporations or large businesses, as opposed to individual members of the public (retail banking).
Products
Typical banking services offered by retail banks include:
Transactional accounts
Checking accounts (American English)
Current accounts (British English)
Savings accounts
Debit cards
ATM cards
Credit cards
Traveler's cheques
Mortgages
Home equity loans
Personal loans
Certificates of deposit/Term deposits
In some countries, such as the U.S., retail bank services also include more specialised accounts, such as:
Sweep accounts
Money market accounts
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRA's)
Sub-types of retail banks
Community development bank are regulated banks that provide financial services and credit to underserved markets or populations.
Private banks manage the assets of high-net-worth individuals.
Offshore banks are banks located in jurisdictions with low taxation and regulation. Many offshore banks are essentially private banks.
Savings banks accept savings deposits.
Postal savings banks are savings banks associated with national postal systems.
See also
Banking institution
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Retail banking
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Palais Gutmann is a Ringstraßenpalais in Vienna, Austria. It was built for the coal trading Gutmann family. It was built in 1869–1871. The architect was Carl Tietz.
History
The "strictly historicist" palace was built in the years 1869-1871 by the architect Carl Tietz for the wealthy Jewish entrepreneurial Gutmann family in the New Viennese Renaissance style. After it was expropriated in 1938, the palace was used by the NSDAP from 1941 and Franz Klimscha was commissioned to redesign the building. Another redesign took place in the years 1956-1961 by Carl Kronfuss . The palace is now managed by Austria Immobilien GmbH (BAI) .
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Palais Gutmann
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Runeberg torte (; ) is a Finnish torte flavored with almonds and arrack or rum and weighing about 100 grams. It usually has raspberry jam encircled by a ring of icing on top.
The torte is named after the Finnish poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg (1804–1877) who, according to legend, regularly enjoyed the torte, made by his wife, with punsch for breakfast. Runeberg tortes are typically eaten only in Finland and are generally available in stores from the beginning of January to Runeberg's birthday on February 5; however, Porvoo, where Runeberg lived for most of his life, is an exception, as in some of its cafés tortes are available every day of the year.
History
Popular legend says that Runeberg's wife, Fredrika Runeberg, created the dessert. Her recipe book from the 1850s has a recipe for the torte, believed to be a variation of an earlier recipe by confectioner Lars Astenius from Porvoo.
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Runeberg torte
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Hill City Municipal Airport is a mile northeast of Hill City, in Graham County, Kansas.
Facilities
The airport covers at an elevation of 2,238 feet (682 m). Its one runway, 18/36, is 5,000 by 75 feet (1,524 x 23 m) concrete.
In the year ending October 30, 2006 the airport had 14,600 aircraft operations, average 40 per day: 99% general aviation and 1% air taxi. Ten aircraft were then based at the airport, all single-engine.
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Hill City Municipal Airport
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Kathryn Irene Glascock (1901 – February 23, 1923) was an American poet. The Kathryn Irene Glascock Intercollegiate Poetry Contest is named after her.
Early life and education
Glascock was born in 1901 to parents Hugh Grundy Glascock, an educator, and Etta (or Ella) Bodine Woods. She was raised in Culver, Indiana. Glascock graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1922.
At Mount Holyoke, she was editor of the school newspaper, and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Glascock worked as a magazine editor in New York after college.
Legacy
In her memory, her parents established the annual Kathryn Irene Glascock Intercollegiate Poetry Contest at Mount Holyoke College in 1923. The contest became an intercollegiate event in 1924. In addition, Glascock's parents also published a collection of her poetry entitled, Poems, and had one of her poems, "Daylight," published in Poetry Magazine.
She died there in 1923, from pneumonia.
Poetry
Poems. Garden City, N.Y. : Country Life Press, 1923.
"Daylight," Poetry Magazine, Volume 22, May 1923, Page 83.
Notes
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Kathryn Irene Glascock
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The St. James Canadians were a Canadian junior hockey team in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League until 2003, folding officially in 2004. The Canadians played out of the St. James Civic Centre, in Winnipeg, Manitoba. As the Winnipeg Braves, they won the 1959 Memorial Cup as National Junior Hockey champions.
History
Winnipeg Braves
The Winnipeg Braves were founded in 1956 and affiliated with the Winnipeg Warriors (minor pro) of the Western Hockey League. The Braves played regular season games at Winnipeg's Olympic Rink and won 2 Turnbull Cup Championships as Manitoba Junior Champions (1959 and 1965).
The 1958-59, Braves won the Abbott Cup as Western Canadian Junior ‘A’ Champions, and were the last team from Winnipeg to win the Memorial Cup as National Champions. Under the leadership of manager Bill Addison and coach Bill Allum, the Braves defeated the Peterborough Petes coached by 25-year-old Scotty Bowman. In the championship series, the Petes won the first game 5-4, and the Braves came back to win four straight games 5-2, 5-2, 5-3 and 6-2. The final game of the series was played in Brandon, Manitoba due to the Shrine Circus appearing at Winnipeg Arena. The team included future NHL'ers Ted Green and Ernie Wakely.
Roster: Pat Angers, Don Atamanchuk, Al Baty, Gary Bergman, Ernie Bradawaski, Rene Brunel, Ted Green, Howie Hughes, Allan Ingimundson, Ken King, Ted Knight, Jerry Kruk, Laurie Langrell, Wayne Larkin, Al LeBlanc, Bob Leiter, Doug Monro, Zenon Moroz, Lew Mueller, John Rodger, Paul Sexsmith, John Sutherland, Bob Wales, Wayne Winstone, Ernie Wakely, J. D. (Jack) Perrin Jr. (President), Bill Addison (Manager), Bill Allum (Coach), Jim Drury (Trainer).
The Memorial Cup Championship team was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 2003, and inducted into the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame in the team category.
Prior to the 1966-67 season, the team moved to St. James and changed its name to the St. James Braves.
St. James Canadians
During the summer of 1967, a community-minded sports group purchased the St. James Braves from Ben Hatskin. The team relocated to the brand new St. James Civic Centre, where they played as the St. James Canadians.
The Canadians won the Turnbull Cup three times (1968, 1996, 1997) throughout their 35 years in the MJHL. They played until the end of the 2002-03 season. The team took a one-year leave of absence from the MJHL in 2003-04 before ceasing operations .
St. James Canucks
The St. James Junior Canucks joined the league in 1978-1979 to help complement the St. James Junior Canadians of The MJHL. The Team moved to the Civic Center and had a dressing room built on the home side of the rink and occupied that until the St. James Canadians folded and the Canucks, with the blessing of Diane Woods, president of the Canadians, took over the dressing room which is where we call home today.
Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against
Playoffs
1971 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated Winnipeg Monarchs 4-games-to-2
St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-none
1972 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated Winnipeg Monarchs 4-games-to-2
West Kildonan North Stars defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1973 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated West Kildonan North Stars 9-points-to-7
St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-none
1974 Lost quarter-final
St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
1975 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none
West Kildonan North Stars defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
1976 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-1
West Kildonan North Stars defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-3
1977 Lost quarter-final
Kildonan North Stars defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1978 Lost quarter-final
Kenora Thistles defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1979 Lost quarter-final
St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1980 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated Fort Garry Blues 4-games-to-2
Kildonan North Stars defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
1981 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated Fort Garry Blues 4-games-to-1
St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1982 Lost quarter-final
St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
1983 Lost quarter-final
Fort Garry Blues defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-none
1984 Lost quarter-final
Fort Garry Blues defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1985 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated Thunder Bay Hornets 4-games-to-2
Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1986 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3
Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-none
1987 Lost quarter-final
Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-none
1988 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-1
Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
1989 Lost quarter-final
Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1990 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-none
Kildonan North Stars defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-3
1991 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3
Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1992 Lost final, Hosted and Eliminated in 1992 Centennial Cup round robin
St. James Canadians defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-1
St. James Canadians defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-none
Winkler Flyers defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
Fifth and eliminated in 1992 Centennial Cup round robin (1-3)
1993 Lost quarter-final
Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
1994 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated Southeast Blades 4-games-to-1
St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1995 Lost quarter-final
Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
1996 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
St. James Canadians defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-3
St. James Canadians defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-none
St. James Canadians defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-3 MJHL CHAMPIONS
Melfort Mustangs (SJHL) defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-none
1997 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
St. James Canadians defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-1
St. James Canadians defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none
St. James Canadians defeated OCN Blizzard 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
Weyburn Red Wings (SJHL) defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1998 Lost final
St. James Canadians defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2
St. James Canadians defeated Winnipeg South Blues
Winkler Flyers defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
1999 Lost quarter-final
St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
2000 Lost quarter-final
Winkler Flyers defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-3
2001 DNQ
2002 Lost semi-final
St. James Canadians defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-3
Winkler Flyers defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-none
2003 DNQ
Notable alumni
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St. James Canadians
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Veena Das, FBA (born 1945) in India is the Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Anthropology at the Johns Hopkins University. Her areas of theoretical specialisation include the anthropology of violence, social suffering, and the state. Das has received multiple international awards including the Ander Retzius Gold Medal, delivered the prestigious Lewis Henry Morgan Lecture and was named a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Education
Das studied at the Indraprastha College for Women and the Delhi School of Economics at the University of Delhi and taught there from 1967 to 2000. She completed her PhD in 1970 under the supervision of M. N. Srinivas from the Delhi School of Economics. She was professor of anthropology at the New School for Social Research from 1997 to 2000, before moving to Johns Hopkins University, where she served as chair of the Department of Anthropology between 2001 and 2008.
Books
Her first book Structure and Cognition: Aspects of Hindu Caste and Ritual (Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1977) brought the textual practices of 13th to 17th century in relation to self representation of caste groups in focus. Her identification of the structure of Hindu thought in terms of the tripartite division between priesthood, kinship and renunciation proved to be an extremely important structuralist interpretation of the important poles within which innovations and claims to new status by caste groups took place.
Veena Das's most recent book is Life and Words: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary (California University Press, 2006). As the title implies, Das sees violence not as an interruption of ordinary life but as something that is implicated in the ordinary. The philosopher Stanley Cavell has written a memorable foreword to the book in which he says that one way of reading it is as a companion to Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations. One of the chapters in the book deals with the state of abducted women in the post-independence time period and has been the interest of various legal historians.
Life and Words is heavily influenced by Wittgenstein and Stanley Cavell, but it also deals with particular moments in history such as the Partition of India and the assassination of Indira Gandhi in 1984.
The book 'narrates the lives of particular persons and communities who were deeply embedded in these events, and it describes the way that the event attaches itself with its tentacles into everyday life and folds itself into the recesses of the ordinary.'
Research
Since the eighties she became engrossed in the study of violence and social suffering. Her edited book, Mirrors of Violence: Communities, Riots and Survivors in South Asia published by Oxford University Press in 1990 was one of the first to bring issues of violence within anthropology of South Asia. A trilogy on these subjects that she edited with Arthur Kleinman and others in the late nineties and early twenties gave a new direction to these fields. The volumes are titled Social Suffering; Violence and Subjectivity; and Remaking a World.
Awards
She received the Anders Retzius Gold Medal from the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography in 1995, and an honorary doctorate from the University of Chicago in 2000. She is a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences. In 2007, Das delivered the Lewis Henry Morgan Lecture at the University of Rochester, considered by many to be the most important annual lecture series in the field of Anthropology. Prof. Das was elected as Fellow to the British Academy in 2019.
Further reading
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Veena Das
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Si Jalak Harupat Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Kutawaringin Subdistrict, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. It is currently used for association football matches and was used for the 2018 Asian Games men's football tournament.
The stadium is the home ground of Persikab Kabupaten Bandung. Since 2009, Persib Bandung started playing home matches here. The stadium holds 30,100 people.
Sporting events
2008 AFF Suzuki Cup Group A match between Myanmar vs Cambodia
2013 Piala Menpora
2018 Asian Games men's football tournament
2023 FIFA U-17 World Cup
International matches hosted
Tournament results
2008 AFF Championship
2018 Asian Games Men's Football
2023 FIFA U-17 World Cup
See also
List of stadiums in Indonesia
List of stadiums by capacity
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Jalak Harupat Stadium
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The RSS-DEV Working Group was the outgrowth of a fork in RSS format development. The private, non-commercial working group began with a dozen members in three countries, and was chaired by Rael Dornfest, researcher and developer of the Meerkat RSS-reader software.
History
RSS-0.90 was released by Netscape circa March 1999, at which point the acronym implied RDF Site Summary. The functionality was remarkably different from what is now known as RSS, or Really Simple Syndication. The former simply provided a website summary, while the latter was designed for syndication. July 1999 saw the release of RSS-0.91, an improvement on its predecessor; the latter was XML-based, as opposed to the use of RDF (or Resource Description Framework) by the earlier version, which was then deprecated by Netscape. The new version also provided support for DTD, allowing for additional HTML-like functionality.
Development fork
The following year, UserLand Software released its own RSS-0.91, circa June 2000. Unlike the Netscape version, this variant had no support for DTD. A team of developers, which would become members of the core development team of the RSS-DEV Working Group, broke away from the project. This group released its own set of specifications called RSS-1.0, on December 6, 2000.
RSS-1.0 marked a return to the use of the Netscape-deprecated RSS-0.90; the group also created its own interpretation of the RSS acronym — RDF Site Summary. This version, which was developed in parallel to the UserLand version, was incompatible with all other versions.
Members
Gabe Beged-Dov, JFinity Systems LLC
Dan Brickley, ILRT
Rael Dornfest, O'Reilly & Associates
Ian Davis, Calaba, Ltd.
Leigh Dodds, xmlhack
Jonathan Eisenzopf, Whirlwind Interactive
David Galbraith, Moreover.com
R.V. Guha, guha.com
Ken MacLeod, (Independent)
Eric Miller, Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
Aaron Swartz, The Info Network
Eric van der Vlist, Dyomedea
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RSS-DEV Working Group
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Calvin Michael Mosley Jr. (born August 6, 1983) is a former American football defensive tackle. He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the sixth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at Missouri. He has also played for the Cleveland Browns, New York Jets, Jacksonville Jaguars, Detroit Lions and Miami Dolphins.
Early years
Mosley was born in Fort Knox, Kentucky, and earned All-State honors at Waynesville High School in Waynesville, Missouri, and was ranked among the top defensive tackle prospects by Rivals.com. He was a three-time All-District selection posted 21.0 sacks and 267 tackles during his career, and recorded 97 tackles and 10 sacks as a senior. He also finished 3rd in the shot put at the Missouri state track meet as a senior.
College career
After being redshirted at the University of Missouri in 2001, he earned Freshman All-America honorable mention honors from College Football News in 2002. He played in every game with 5 starts at nose guard and posted 39 tackles, 3 sacks, 8 tackles for loss, and a forced fumble. He began his collegiate career with 3 tackles, and 2 tackles for loss at Illinois and had 8 tackles and added a sack and 2 tackles for loss vs. Colorado. He also recorded a season-high 9 tackles and made a sack and 3 tackles for loss at Texas A&M.
In 2003, he earned 2nd-team All-Big 12 honors from the league's coaches and was named the team's Defensive Lineman of the Year. That season, he started 11 games at nose guard and ranked among the nation's leaders with 16 tackles for loss on the year. He also was 2nd on the team with 7 QB hurries and 6.0 sacks. He registered 7 tackles, 4 tackles for loss, and 2.0 sacks in season opener vs. Illinois, and had 3 tackles and a sack vs. Eastern Illinois. He came off the bench to record 8 tackles, a sack that knocked QB Bill Whittmore out of the game, and added 2 tackles for loss at Kansas. Against Texas A&M, he made 9 tackles and also had 2 sacks and 3 tackles for loss. In the Independence Bowl vs. Arkansas, he registered 4 tackles and a tackle for loss.
In 2004, Mosley earned Associated Press 1st-team All-Big 12 honors and was named the team's Defensive Lineman of the Year. That year, he started all 11 games at RDT, and led a defense that finished 2nd in the conference and 14th nationally in total yardage allowed. He made 61 tackles, 6.5 sacks, 14 tackles for loss, as well as recovering 2 fumbles, forced another, and blocked a kick. He opened the season with 8 tackles, 3 QB hurries, a sack, and 3 tackles for loss vs. Arkansas State. The following week at Troy, he posted 8 tackles, 2.0 sacks, and 3 tackles for loss. Versus Colorado, he recorded 5 tackles, a sack, and 3 tackles for loss. He registered 8 tackles and a fumble recovery at Texas, and had 5 tackles, a sack, and a forced fumble vs. Oklahoma State. He blocked a kick and added a fumble recovery and 4 tackles vs. Kansas State. C.J. finished his career with 4 tackles and a sack at Iowa State.
Mosley started 27 of 36 games he played in during his 3 years with the Tigers. He recorded 167 tackles with 15.5 sacks, 38 tackles for loss, and 22 QB hurries. He was part of a defense in 2004 that ranked 2nd in the Big 12 and 14th nationally in total yardage allowed and was twice named the team's Defensive Lineman of the Year.
Professional career
Minnesota Vikings
In his rookie year for Minnesota, Mosley accumulated 19 tackles, 3 sacks and 1 forced fumble while filling in for an injured Kevin Williams in the middle of the 2005 NFL season.
New York Jets
Mosley, along with an undisclosed draft pick, was traded to the Jets on August 31, 2006, for backup quarterback Brooks Bollinger.
Cleveland Browns
Mosley signed a two-year, $5 million with the Cleveland Browns on March 6, 2009. He became the first former Jets player in NFL history to later join the Browns in his career.
Mosley was placed on injured reserve on December 7, 2009, due to a broken right ankle.
Jacksonville Jaguars
Mosley was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars on October 5, 2010. The Jaguars re-signed him on March 15, 2012.
He was released on April 1, 2013.
Detroit Lions
On April 3, 2013, Mosley signed with the Detroit Lions on a two-year contract.
The Lions sent Mosley home early before their game in London against the Atlanta Falcons after they discovered marijuana in his hotel room.
Miami Dolphins
On June 10, 2015, Mosley signed a one-year contract with the Miami Dolphins, reuniting him with former Detroit teammate, Ndamukong Suh. On December 1, 2015, he was waived/injured, but was placed on the team's injured reserve the following day after clearing waivers.
On December 18, 2015, Mosley was waived by the Miami Dolphins.
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C. J. Mosley (defensive lineman)
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Fengsu Tongyi (), also known as Fengsu Tong (风俗通), is a book written about 195 AD by Ying Shao, who lived during the later Eastern Han period. The manuscript is similar to an almanac, which describes various strange and exotic matters of interest to the literati of the period, such as cultural practices, mystical beliefs, and musical instruments.
Chapters
There were originally a total of 30 chapters, but only 10 remain. These chapters were recompiled by the Northern Song scientist Su Song (蘇頌) from the works of Yu Zhongrong (庾仲容) and Ma Zong (馬總). Some fragments of the lost chapters exist as quotations in other Chinese texts.
皇霸 Huangba
正失 Zhengshi
愆禮 Yanli
過譽 Guoyu
十反 Shifan
聲音 Shengyin
窮通 Qiongtong
祀典 Sidian
怪神 Guaishen
山澤 Shanze
The twenty lost chapters are: Xinzheng 心政, Guzhi 古制, Yinjiao 陰教, Bianhuo 辨惑, Xidang 析當, Shudu 恕度, Jiahao 嘉號, Zhengcheng 徽稱, Qingyu 情遇, Xingshi 姓氏, Huipian 諱篇, Shiji 釋忌, Jishi 輯事, Fuyao 服妖, Sangji 喪祭, Gongshi 宮室, Shijing 市井, Shuji 數紀, Xinqin 新秦, and Yufa 獄法.
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Fengsu Tongyi
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The Peshawar Museum ((colloquial); پشاور عجائب گھر (official)) is a museum located in Peshawar, capital of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The Peshawar Museum is notable for its collection of Buddhist artwork dating from the ancient Gandhara region.
Background
The Peshawar Museum was founded in 1907 as "Victoria Hall," in memory of Queen Victoria. The two-story building was built in a syncretic architectural style consisting of British, Hindu, Buddhist and Mughal Islamic styles.
The museum initially had only one exhibition hall, but two more were added in 1969–70. In 2004–05, the museum was further expanded with the construction of a new block with two galleries, two halls for the museum's collection in storage, offices for the provincial directorate of archaeology, a conservation laboratory and a cafeteria. The historic exhibition hall was also renovated at that time.
Collection
The current collection has almost 14,000 items based on Gandhara, Greco-Buddhist, Kushan, Parthian, and Indo-Scythian life. Examples include art, sculptures, coins, manuscripts, statues, ancient books, early versions of the Quran, weapons, dresses, jewelry, Kalash effigies, inscriptions, paintings of the Mughal and later periods, household materials and pottery, as well as local and Persian handicrafts.
Gandhara and Greco-Buddhist Art
Peshawar Museum has one of the largest and most extensive collections of Gandhara art of the Buddhist period and is considered to be one of the biggest collections of Buddhist objects in the world. The museum also contains the largest collection on Gautama Buddha. Buddhist stone sculptures, terracotta figurines, and other Buddhist objects. The display of Gandhara art in the main hall includes Buddha's life stories, miracles, worship of symbols, relic caskets, and individual standing Buddha sculptures. The ethnological objects of that period are also exhibited in the museum.
Numismatics
The Peshawar Museum has 8,625 coins, 4,510 of which are pre-Islamic. The main interest of the museum's numismatic collection is that the coins were recovered from archaeological sites, including: Shah-Ji-Ki-Dheri, Shari Bahlol, Takht-i-Bahi and Jamal Garhi. The collections of Bactrian Greek, Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian, Indo-Parthian and Kushan coins have been published.
Mughal and Persian Islamic Art
This gallery exhibits wooden facades of mosques, ancient Arabic and Persian inscriptions, fine Multani tiles and ceramics, and the dresses and weapons of Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barailvi and numerous ancient leaders. Some of the best works are the Mughal Islamic metal artifacts in bronze and silver, the calligraphic specimens and scrolls that date as far back as 1224.
Middle Age and British Rule to Present
This gallery mainly consists of items displaying the culture and life of the major tribes of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, and the Kalasha Desh located in the far north of the province, where a small tribe of animists called the Kalash live. The museum exhibits cultural items of the Kailash Valley. Exhibits also include swords, daggers, spears, long bows, recurve bows, arrows, shields, muzzle-loading guns, revolvers, pistols and gunpowder boxes
See also
Sethi Mohallah
Governor's House (Peshawar)
City Museum, Gorkhatri
List of museums in Pakistan
Notes
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Peshawar Museum
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The Hope Memorial Bridge (formerly the Lorain–Carnegie Bridge) is a art deco truss bridge crossing the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio. The bridge connects Lorain Avenue on Cleveland's west side and Carnegie Avenue on the east side, terminating just short of Progressive Field.
Four pairs of statues designed by sculptor Henry Hering and architect Frank Walker, officially named the Guardians of Traffic, are sculpted onto opposite-facing ends of two pairs of pylons, a pair at each end of the viaduct. They symbolize progress in transportation. Each Guardian holds a different vehicle in its hands: a hay wagon, a covered wagon, a stagecoach, and a 1930s-era automobile, as well as four types of motorized trucks used for construction.
History
A bond issue to pay for the bridge was passed in 1921, but construction was delayed for years due to squabbles over how the money would be spent. The bridge was completed in 1932 at a cost of $4.75 million ($ with inflation). It stands above the river's waterline in order to allow shipping to pass unobstructed. A second, lower deck designed to carry truck and commercial traffic was never put into service.
The bridge had originally been planned to go through the location of the Erie Street Cemetery on East 9th Street.
The bridge was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 8, 1976, after a controversy in which Cuyahoga County engineer Albert S. Porter threatened to remove the historic pylons to widen the span, stating, "Those columns are monstrosities and should be torn down and forgotten. There is nothing particularly historic about any one of them. We're not running a May Show here."
The bridge was renovated in the early 1980s.
On September 1, 1983, the Lorain–Carnegie bridge was officially renamed the "Hope Memorial Bridge". Press reports vary regarding whom the name honors: William Henry "Harry" Hope, a local stonemason who helped build the Guardians of Traffic sculptures, and the father of comedian and former Cleveland resident Bob Hope; Bob Hope himself; the entire Hope family; or Harry Hope along with the other workers who helped erect the Guardians of Traffic.
On December 10, 2012, officials opened a multi-use path on the north side of the bridge, part of a project which also added lighting to the Guardians of Traffic.
The inaugural Guardian Mile road race was run across the bridge on August 11, 2018. The elite field boasts multiple Olympians and $14,000 up for grabs in prize money, as well as races for runners of all ages and levels.
On November 19, 2021, the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball changed their name to Cleveland Guardians; the choice was inspired by the Guardians of Traffic, which neighbor Progressive Field, the team's home ballpark.
See also
Detroit–Superior Bridge
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Ohio
List of crossings of the Cuyahoga River
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Hope Memorial Bridge
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Simon Cook may refer to:
Simon Cook (English cricketer) (born 1977), English cricketer
Simon Cook (Australian cricketer) (born 1972), Australian cricketer
Simon S. Cook (1831–1892), Canadian lumber merchant and political figure
Simon Cook (actor), British actor and politician
See also
Simon Cooke, New Zealand sailor
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Simon Cook
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El Puerto de Liverpool S.A. de C.V., commonly known as Liverpool, is a mid-to-high end retailer which operates the largest chain of department stores in Mexico. It operates 136 stores under the Liverpool name, 131 stores under the Suburbia name, and 27 shopping centers, including Perisur and Galerías Monterrey.
Its headquarters are in Santa Fe, a suburb and a main business center in Mexico City.
Liverpool stores
History
Liverpool, first called The Cloth Case, was founded in 1847 by Jean Baptiste Ebrard, a Frenchman who first started selling clothes in cases in Downtown Mexico City. In 1872, he started importing merchandise from Europe . Much of the merchandise was shipped via Liverpool, England, prompting Ebrard to adopt the name Liverpool for his store, in 1862 he opened its second store and since then it has continued growing .
Liverpool Interlomas Store
In 2011, Liverpool opened a high-profile store at Paseo Interlomas, in the Interlomas, a major upscale suburban residential and business center in Greater Mexico City. The structure was designed by Rojkind Arquitectos. This three-story structure, dubbed the OVNI (UFO) for its distinctive metallic oval look, is clad in a double-layered stainless steel surface fabricated by Zahner. The 30,000m2 department store includes a rooftop recreational park. Several design firms were involved in various aspects of the project. The interiors were done by American architecture and design firm FRCH Design Worldwide, the rooftop garden by Thomas Balsley and the gourmet space by JHP Design.
Liverpool locations
Greater Mexico City
Centro las Américas, Ecatepec, State of Mexico
Ciudad Jardín Bicentenario, Nezahuacóyotl, State of Mexico
Cosmopol, Coacalco, State of Mexico
Galerías Atizapán, Atizapán, State of Mexico
Galerías Coapa, Tlalpan
Galerias Insurgentes, Colonia del Valle
Historic center of Mexico City, 20 de Noviembre street, freestanding
Mítikah, Xoco, opening late 2022
Parque Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero
Paseo Interlomas, Interlomas, State of Mexico (see article)
Parque Delta, col. Piedad Narvarte
Perinorte, Cuautitlán, State of Mexico
Perisur, Coyoacán borough
Plaza Tlalne Fashion Mall, Tlalnepantla, State of Mexico
Polanco, Calzada Mariano Escobedo, freestanding
Centro Santa Fe, Santa Fe
Plaza Satélite, Naucalpan, State of Mexico
Parque Tezontle, Iztapalapa
Tecámac Power Center, State of Mexico
Toreo Parque Central, Naucalpan, State of Mexico
Under construction
Guadalajara (Distrito La Perla)
Tijuana (Plaza Península)
Northern Mexico
Central-West Mexico
Central-Southern Mexico
Southeast Mexico (Mayan Zone)
Central & Southern Mexico
Acapulco (2)
Aguascalientes (2)
Atlixco
Campeche
Cancún (2)
Celaya
Chilpancingo
Ciudad del Carmen
Coatzacoalcos (2)
Colima
Comitán
Córdoba
Cuautla
Cuernavaca
Chetumal
Chilpancingo
Duty Free Cancún
Duty Free Los Cabos
Duty Free Playa del Carmen
Guadalajara (9):
Guadalajara (2)
Zapopan (5)
Tlaquepaque
Tlajomulco de Zúñiga
Guanajuato
Irapuato
León (2)
Mérida (2)
Morelia (2)
Oaxaca (2)
Orizaba
Pachuca
Playa del Carmen
Poza Rica
Puebla (4)
Puerto Vallarta
Salamanca
Salina Cruz
San Luis Potosí (2)
San Juan del Río
San Miguel de Allende
Santiago de Querétaro (3)
Tapachula
Tehuacán
Tepic (2)
Tlaxcala
Toluca (2):
Toluca
Metepec
Tuxtla Gutiérrez (2)
Veracruz (3)
Villahermosa (3)
Xalapa (2)
Zamora
Fashion Fest
Fashion Fest of Liverpool is an annual festival that covers new fashion trends for the new seasons, it has reunited some of the most important supermodels like: Valeria Mazza, Esther Cañadas, Eva Herzigova, Cindy Crawford, Heidi Klum, Gisele Bündchen, Adriana Lima, Claudia Schiffer, Julianne Moore, Alessandra Ambrosio, Doutzen Kroes, Bar Refaeli, Olivia Wilde, Milla Jovovich, and most recently Irina Shayk
Fábricas de Francia
Stores under the name Fábricas de Francia () belonged to Liverpool but did not carry the name. Fábricas de Francia outlets were found in 25 cities, operating and working in the same fashion that Liverpool does. It was announced in 2018 that Liverpool would phase out the Fábricas de Francia brand and all stores were converted to either the Liverpool or Suburbia brand.
Former Fábricas de Francia locations
Northern Mexico
Tijuana, Baja California
Chihuahua
Ciudad Juárez
Ciudad Obregón
Mazatlán
Saltillo
Los Mochis
Central & Southern Mexico
Acapulco
Aguascalientes
Apizaco
Coatzacoalcos
Comitán
Córdoba
Guadalajara (5)
León
Mexico City (7)
Oaxaca (2)
Poza Rica
Puebla
San Luis Potosí
Tapachula
Tepic
Veracruz
Villahermosa
Xalapa
Shopping malls operated by Liverpool
Perisur
Perinorte
Galerias Atizapan
Galerias Monterrey
Galerias Metepec
Galerias Querétaro
Galerias San Juan Del Río
Galerias Cuernavaca
Galerias Coapa
Galerías Insurgentes
Galerias Celaya
Galerias Chilpancingo
Galerias Vallarta
Galerias Tabasco
Galerias Mérida
La Isla Mérida
Galerias Saltillo
Galerias Mazatlan
Galerias Acapulco
Galerias Campeche
Galerias Zacatecas
Galerias Serdán, Puebla
Galerias Toluca
Galerias Polanco
Galerias Tlaxcala
Galerias La Paz
Galerias Santa Anita, Guadalajara
See also
Suburbia (department store), a department store chain owned by El Puerto de Liverpool
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Liverpool (store)
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Nakhon Phanom University (NPU) () was established in 2005 by combining the existing tertiary schools of Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand: Nakhon Phanom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Phanom Technical College, Nakhon Phanom College of Agriculture and Technology, Thatphanom Community Education College, Nawa Community Education College, and Boromarjonani College of Nursing.
Faculties
Nakhon Phanom University is different from other new universities in that it continues the existing functions of the combined institutions. It provides academic training at the vocational, undergraduate, and graduate levels. The faculties, colleges, and institutes are:
Faculty of Management Sciences and Information Technology
Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences
Faculty of Industrial Technology (former Nakhon Phanom Technical College)
Faculty of Agriculture and Technology (former Nakhon Phanom College of Agriculture and Technology)
Nawa College (former Nawa Industrial Community Education College)
Thatphanom College (former Thatphanom Industrial Community Education College)
Boromarjonani College of Nursing, Nakhon Phanom
Tourism and Service Industry College
International Aviation College
Research and Development Institute
Academic Resources Center
Language Institute
Srisongkram Industrial and Technology College
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Nakhon Phanom University
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Thakoon Panichgul (; , born in Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand) is a Thai-American fashion designer.
Biography
Panichgul moved to the United States with his family when he was 11 years old. He grew up in Bellevue, Nebraska.
Panichgul attended Bellevue West High School, where he was a DECA member, attending the international DECA conference in 1993 in Orlando, Florida. After graduating from Boston University in 1997 with a business degree, he moved to New York City.
Career
In 2000, Panichgul started his fashion career in writing at Harper's Bazaar working as an associate features editor. As a fashion writer, Panichgul developed an interest in designing, and eventually pursued formal studies at Parsons School of Design from 2001 to 2003.
In September 2004, Panichgul produced his first ready-to-wear collection and became recognized by fashion press, editors and stylists, as well as celebrities like Rachel Bilson, Demi Moore, Michelle Obama, and Sarah Jessica Parker. In 2007 he produced a fashion line for The Gap after being singled out by Anna Wintour of Vogue Magazine, as chronicled in the 2009 American documentary film, The September Issue. His clothing has been worn by U.S. first lady Michelle Obama, who wore a floral dress by Panichgul on the evening her husband, Barack Obama, accepted the 2008 Democratic nomination for president. He produced a well-received limited-edition clothing line at Target in early 2009.
In 2017, Panichgul decided to take a step back and think about the fashion landscape. He realized that elevated design is not a luxury; it belongs in every woman's wardrobe. In September 2019, Panichgul launched a direct-to-consumer line on THAKOON.com. His new start-up site aimed to create comfortable clothing from a luxury designer perspective. Panichgul was also the force behind the creative platform HommeGirls: a magazine and retail site that celebrated menswear and tomboy style and culture among women. It was launched via Instagram in March 2019 with images of menswear-inspired fashion.
Panichgul also collaborates with jewelry company Tasaki.
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Thakoon Panichgul
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Alan Seth Chartock (born July 25, 1941) was the president and chief executive officer of WAMC/Northeast Public Radio, a National Public Radio affiliate, from 1981 to 2023. He was professor of political science at SUNY New Paltz and is a professor emeritus of communications at the State University of New York (SUNY), and is executive publisher and project director for the Legislative Gazette, a weekly newspaper staffed by college intern reporters covering New York State government.
Chartock served in a variety of on-air roles at WAMC, including but not limited to hosting the Capitol Connection, Vox Pop, and Conversations with programs, sitting on panels for The Roundtable and The Media Project, serving as a political commentator, and filling a central role in the thrice-annual fund drives. He also writes a syndicated column on politics which appears in newspapers throughout New York state.
Background
Born in New York City, Chartock worked in the state legislature for Senator Manfred Ohrenstein. He attended the New Lincoln School, graduated from Rhodes High School. Chartock is a graduate of Hunter College, received a master of arts from American University, and a doctorate from New York University. He is married to Dr. Roselle K. Chartock, an author and professor of education at Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts in North Adams. They reside in Great Barrington, Massachusetts and have two grown children, Dr. Jonas S. Chartock and Dr. Sarah R. Chartock.
Chartock is of European Jewish descent.
Radio personality
Chartock participated in a broad swath of WAMC's radio programs, serving as host of the Capitol Connection, Legislative Gazette, and Congressional Corner; appearing on the Media Project; and being interviewed as the "political observer" at WAMC on a number of the on station, including as The Roundtable, Midday Magazine, and Northeast Report. Chartock also hosted morning portions of on-air fund drives.
Chartock's presence on the air was increased after retiring from a full-time position teaching at SUNY Albany.
Chartock's retirement was announced on May 25, 2023.
Awards
Chartock has won numerous awards at SUNY, including the Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Teaching and the SUNY Council of University Affairs and Development Award for Educational achievement. He was one of the first recipients of the SUNY Award for Excellence. In 2007, Chartock was chosen to receive the 2006 Alumni Association Award for Distinguished Teacher from the SUNY New Paltz Alumni Association.
He is the recipient of an honorary doctorate for public service from the Sage Colleges and an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Western New England College and Westfield State College.
Views of WAMC news and political commentary
Chartock's political views
Chartock says he is concerned about governmental restrictions on free speech. He is dismayed by what he calls the proliferation of corporate-run radio stations, which he believes express extreme right-wing views without giving opposing viewpoints. He has called Pete Seeger "an American hero".
According to Gadi Dechter of CityPaper.com, Chartock "publishes a blog on WAMC's web site that has featured sharp attacks on the Republican party, the Bush administration, and 'neocons' in general."
Support for Chartock's programming
Stephen Yasko, manager of WTMD (89.7 FM), an NPR member station in Towson, Maryland which plays mostly adult-alternative music, contends that any quality-control challenges which might be created by NPR's decentralized nature are outweighed by the advantage of unique local programming.
"Public radio stations reflect the values and texture of the communities they serve," says Yasko, who has also worked in the NPR member services department. "If NPR or any national organization had too much control or input into every station's local personality, then you would lose the very thing that makes us what we are. So if Alan Chartock is what Albany and upstate New York created and what works for them, that's a beautiful thing, no matter what some outsiders might say."
Under Chartock's leadership, WAMC grew into a network of 14 stations (all broadcasting identical programming) and a web-based platform serving portions of seven New England and Middle Atlantic states, bringing news, information and cultural programming to what station leaders claim is an audience of nearly 400,000 monthly listeners. The station's thrice-yearly fund drives have a goal of $1 million each as of 2013.
Departure from WAMC
In May 2023, the station abruptly announced that Chartock was retiring effective immediately. His departure was announced after the then-81-year-old had taken time off earlier in the week to consider ending his career and after his on-air time had been reduced, station officials told the Albany Times Union. Chartock's resignation came just months after convincing the station's board of trustees to boost his base salary by more than $100,000—a move that brought his base compensation to roughly $350,000 a year.
Books
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Alan S. Chartock
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S M von Rothschild was a banking enterprise established in 1820 in Vienna, Austrian Empire by Salomon Mayer Rothschild, the founder of the Rothschild banking family of Austria and a member of the Mayer Amschel Rothschild family of Frankfurt, Germany. The business prospered, financing various Austrian government undertakings where large amounts of capital had to be raised. The bank played a major role in the building of the country's economic infrastructure including the first rail transport networks. Passed down to Salomon Mayer Rothschild's male heirs, the bank would be run by Anselm von Rothschild (President: 1848–1874), Albert Salomon von Rothschild (President: 1874–1911), and Louis Nathaniel von Rothschild (President: 1911–1939).
The 13 March 1938 Anschluss of Austria to Nazi Germany marked the forced end of the Rothschild's business in Austria. Because he was Jewish, Baron Louis von Rothschild, head of the bank at the time, was held in prison for a year and only released after a substantial ransom was paid by his family. After Baron Louis was stripped of his Austrian citizenship and allowed to leave the country empty-handed, in March 1939 the Nazis placed the firm of S M von Rothschild under compulsory administration and then sold it to the German private bank Merck, Finck & Co. in October of that year, and S.M.v Rothschild became E.v. Nicolai & Co. After the Allies occupied Austria, Louis Rothschild asserted a claim to recover Südosttextil Gesellschaft m.b.H., a company that had been founded by E.v. Nicolai & Co. on January 29, 1942.
See also
de Rothschild Frères, Paris
N M Rothschild & Sons, London
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S. M. von Rothschild
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To Force a Fate is the second album by indie rock band The Reputation, their first for Lookout! Records. It was released in the spring of 2004.
"March" was co-written by Elizabeth Elmore and John Davis of Q and Not U for an unrealized collaborative project called Cosmopolitan.
The album is unique to other Elmore projects in that the original songs were not written and sung by her alone. "Follow-Through Time" was co-written by then-Reputation bass player Joel Root, and "The Lasting Effects" features vocals by guitarist Sean Hulet.
Track listing
"Let This Rest" – 4:15
"Bottle Rocket Battles" – 2:59
"Follow-Through Time" – 3:57
"Face It" – 3:09
"The Lasting Effects" – 3:48
"March" – 2:53
"Cartography" – 4:45
"Some Senseless Day" – 3:39
"The Ugliness Kicking Around" – 5:44
"Bone-Tired" – 4:07
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To Force a Fate
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The Julius Keilwerth company is a German saxophone manufacturer, established in 1925.
Company history
Early history
Julius Keilwerth first apprenticed for the Kohlert company in Graslitz, Czechoslovakia. After this apprenticeship, Julius Keilwerth and his brother, Max, established a workshop in their home around 1925 or 1926. They primarily manufactured saxophones for Adler and FX Hüller. The Julius Keilwerth company became one of the largest saxophone manufacturers in Europe by the start of WWII, with approximately 150 workers. After World War II, the company relocated to its present headquarters at Nauheim, Germany.
In 1948, the old Julius Keilwerth production facilities in Graslitz, now Kraslice, became part of the Czech Amati collective, however the first saxophones that Amati sold were still stamped with the "JGK - Best in the World" trademark, had the model name "Toneking" and had Julius Keilwerth serial numbers.
Changes in ownership
Boosey & Hawkes purchased Keilwerth in 1989 and merged the company with Schreiber in 1996. The combined company was sold to The Music Group in 2003. In 2006 The Music Group was broken up and Schreiber & Keilwerth became an independent company. In March 2010, Schreiber & Keilwerth filed for bankruptcy. On 1 August 2010 they were acquired by Buffet Crampon.
Pre-1990 saxophone models
Historical models include:
Soloist (early)
King (early)
Champion (early student)
The New King (late prewar and postwar, informally grouped into Series I, II, III, IV, and V, base for stencils)
Toneking (deluxe models produced concurrently with New King)
Most of these historical models were also available with different "packages," such as "EX" ("Exklusiv") with more elaborate engraving, additional keywork, additional mother-of-pearl inlay, or drawn and rolled tone holes.
Julius Keilwerth also produced a limited quantity of a trumpet called the "Toneking 3000." There may have been other brief forays into making other woodwinds or brasswinds, but no records are available as of this writing (February 2012).
In 1986 the company hired jazz saxophonist Peter Ponzol as a consultant to refine and redesign Keilwerth saxophones for the jazz market. This resulted in the "Modell Peter Ponzol" alto and tenor saxophones. The modern lineup of Keilwerth saxophones is derived from the Modell Peter Ponzol.
Stencil manufacture
A "stencil" saxophone is a saxophone made by a manufacturer that is then sold to another company that literally takes a stencil and engraves their own name/information on the horn. The Julius Keilwerth company not only provided entire saxophones to other companies as stencils, but provided saxophone bodies for other companies to affix their own keywork to. As a general rule, Keilwerth stencil saxophones are stamped "Made in Germany." Some Keilwerth stencils have rolled tone-holes, and other have conventional straight tone-holes.
Some of the best known of the Keilwerth stencils are those made for the W. T. Armstrong Company:-
Some H. Couf Royalist saxophones, named for Herbert Couf, the vice president of the W. T. Armstrong Company (1965-1980s).
H. Couf Superba I and II saxophones (1965-1980s)
Conn DJH Modified after the 1981 acquisition of Armstrong by C. G. Conn, named after Daniel J. Henkin, owner of Conn (1981-1986).
Armstrong Heritage saxophones.
Note: later H. Couf models, like the 3200 and Royalist II were made by the United Musical Instruments, not the Julius Keilwerth company.
Other significant entire horn Keilwerth stencils include:-
Academy
Alexandre
H&A Selmer Bundy Special (1950s-1960s)
Buffet Expression
Calvert Deluxe, Champion, Crestone
Heritage
Gotz
Imperial
Jazz King, Jubilee
King Tempo saxophones (1960s)
Major, Manhattan, Martelle, Marco, Miraphone
PIA, Prelude (made for Hakkert)
Ravoy, Reynolds, Richard Gareis, Roger, Royalist
Silvertone, Star
TAM, Troubadour
US Admiral
Vedette
Vincent Albert
Wikina, Winsall
Note: some saxophones (e.g., Voss, Roxy, Senator, and De Villiers etc.) that appear to have been made by Keilwerth were in fact manufactured by another German company called Dörfler & Jörka (also based in Nauheim) between 1949 and 1968. The design and location of the neck screw (which is completely different from the type used by Keilwerth) is a simple but accurate method of identifying Dörfler & Jörka instruments.
Keilwerth stopped supplying stencil instruments after introduction of the Modell Peter Ponzol in the mid-to-late 1980s.
Saxophones 1990-present
By the end of the 1980s, Keilwerth had introduced its SX90R series saxophones and gained endorsements from jazz musicians such as Branford Marsalis, Courtney Pine, Ernie Watts, Don Wise, James Moody, Ron Holloway, Mike Smith and David Liebman.
Julius Keilwerth markets a range of student/intermediate and professional saxophones, from the soprano to bass saxophones. As of 2009 Keilwerth produced ST90 student range, the EX90 intermediate range and the SX90, CX90, SX90R professional range, with the SX90R featuring soldered-on tonehole rings (distinct from rolled tonehole rims formed from the drawn chimneys). After 2010 the product line was consolidated to SX90 and SX90R professional instruments and ST series student/intermediate instruments. In 2013 Keilwerth introduced the MKX professional alto and tenor saxophones with a smaller bore for a more focused sound.
SX90R: made in Germany by Keilwerth
SX90: made in Germany by Keilwerth
MKX: made in Germany by Keilwerth
CX90: made in Germany by Keilwerth (discontinued after 2010)
EX90 series I: made in Germany by Keilwerth
EX90 series II: made in Germany by Keilwerth until 2003
EX90 series III: Parts made in Germany by Keilwerth. Assembly and finishing by Amati in the Czech Republic (discontinued after 2010)
ST90 series I: made in Germany by Keilwerth
ST90 series II: Parts made in Germany by Keilwerth. Assembly and finishing by Amati in the Czech Republic until 2003
ST90 series III: Made in Taiwan. Assembled in Taiwan
ST90 series IV: made in Taiwan by KHS (continued as ST series after 2010)
External links and references
Official Schreiber & Keilwerth history
Saxpics' Keilwerth history (further sources referenced there) (Note that the Selmer Pennsylvania, mentioned there, was made by Kohlert. The website was sold before the edit could be applied.)
Keilwerth saxophone catalog at sax.co.uk
Bassic-Sax blog entry on the Toneking 3000
Discussion of the 2010 purchase of Keilwerth by Buffet
Buffet announcement of the 2010 acquisition of Keilwerth
An independent review of the Keilwerth SX90R tenor sax
An independent review of the Keilwerth SX90R alto sax (edition 75)
An independent review of the Keilwerth SX90 straight alto sax
An independent review of the Keilwerth SX90R straight alto sax
Gerhard Keilwerth Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection (March 16, 2008)
Specific
Musical instrument manufacturing companies of Germany
Companies based in Hesse
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Julius Keilwerth
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"Alley Oop" is a song written and composed by Dallas Frazier in 1957. The song was inspired by the V. T. Hamlin-created comic strip of the same name.
The Hollywood Argyles
The Hollywood Argyles, a short-lived studio band, recorded the song in 1960, and it reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #3 on the US R&B chart. It also went to #24 on the UK chart. It was produced by Gary Paxton, who also sang lead vocals. At the time, Paxton was under contract to Brent Records, where he recorded as Flip of Skip & Flip.
According to Paxton:
Other versions
Also in 1960, Dante & the Evergreens released a version that went to #15 on the Billboard Hot 100, while The Dyna-Sores released a version that went to #59 on the same chart. Both Dante & The Evergreens' and The Hollywood Argyles' versions were credited as number ones in Cash Box magazine's singles chart.
The Pre-Historics released a version called "Alley Oop Cha-Cha-Cha" in 1960, with Gary Paxton (who had performed lead vocals on the Hollywood Argyles' version) and Skip Battin performing backing vocals. The Beach Boys recorded and released their version on their 1965 album Beach Boys' Party! The Kingsmen used the melody of "Alley Oop" for their song "Annie Fanny" (U.S. #47, 1965).
The British satirical art rock/pop group, The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band, recorded a version of "Alley Oop," which was released as their second single in October 1966. The song's composer, Dallas Frazier, released his own version on his 1966 album Elvira. It was also performed by Dave Van Ronk and the Hudson Dusters on their self-titled album, released in 1967. The British group, The Tremeloes, recorded a version of the song as well. There is a Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the song, titled "Brucutu", recorded by Roberto Carlos in 1965, with lyrics by Rossini Pinto.
Sha Na Na did a version of the song in a prehistoric times themed sketch from their TV show. Actress-singer Darlene Love recorded a version of the song for the 1984 film Bachelor Party. George Thorogood also performed a version of this song with his band, the Destroyers, and it was on his live album that was released on February 15, 1989. Ray Stevens's version was on his album Gitarzan.
The lyric "look at that caveman go" is referenced in David Bowie's "Life on Mars" from the album Hunky Dory. Marc Bolan's "Truck On (Tyke)" references Paxton's pronunciation of the word Dinosaur in its second verse line "I'm a space age cowboy, ride dinosaurs..."
A variant of Alley Oop called Ollie Oop was written by Paul T. Clark and Gary S. Paxton. The song was a tribute to Col. Oliver North, again performed by Gary S. Paxton while Paul was part of the background singers. The record was released as a single and was played in some major markets, but never quite took off.
Use in pro wrestling
In the late 1970s in the Memphis, TN-based CWA wrestling promotion, there was a wrestler on their roster named "Dream Machine" (local wrestler Troy Graham wearing a mask) and on one episode of the local Saturday morning CWA TV program, host Lance Russell showed a video of Dream Machine footage set to "Alley Oop". After the video, Russell chuckled about it, causing an angry Dream Machine to run out and start choking Russell. After Dream Machine was separated from Russell by his manager Jimmy Hart, CWA promoter Eddie Marlin fined Dream Machine and threatened to suspend him.
Also, in Mario Savoldi's International Championship Wrestling, wrestler Giant Gustov used it as his entrance music.
Charts
See also
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1960
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Alley Oop (song)
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Palaeoscincus (meaning "ancient skink" from the Greek παλαιός and σκίγγος) is a dubious genus of ankylosaurian dinosaur based on teeth from the mid-late Campanian-age Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana. Like several other dinosaur genera named by Joseph Leidy (Deinodon, Thespesius, and Trachodon), it is an historically important genus with a convoluted taxonomy that has been all but abandoned by modern dinosaur paleontologists. Because of its wide use in the early 20th century, it was somewhat well known to the general public, often through illustrations of an animal with the armor of Edmontonia and the tail club of an ankylosaurid.
Reassigned species
Seven species have been referred to this genus over the years, six of which have since been reassigned to other genera:
Palaeoscincus africanus, named by Robert Broom in 1910/1912, a partial jaw from the Tithonian-Valanginian-age Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation of South Africa, now known as the stegosaurid Paranthodon;
Palaeoscincus asper, "the rough one", a dubious tooth taxon from the late Campanian-age Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, named by Lawrence Morris Lambe in 1902, based on a single tooth, specimen NMC 1349 now referred to Euoplocephalus;
Palaeoscincus costatus, "the ribbed one", the type species named by Leidy in 1856, known from a single tooth, specimen ANSP 9263 found by Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden near Fort Benton. It was the first ankylosaurian species to be named based on American material; it is now considered an ankylosaurian of unknown affinities.
Palaeoscincus latus, "the wide one" named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1892, from the late Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation of Wyoming, also based on a single tooth, specimen YPM 4810 found in Niobrara County, Wyoming, now believed to have come from a pachycephalosaurid;
"P. magoder", a nomen nudum name from a faunal list by Karl ("Charles") L. Henning, the result of mistaking the German words mag oder for a specific name;
Palaeoscincus rugosidens, "rough tooth" named by Charles Whitney Gilmore in 1930, the best-known species, a skull and partial skeleton from the late Campanian-age Two Medicine Formation of Montana, now known as Edmontonia rugosidens, or a separate genus Chassternbergia. It was this species that was portrayed in most restorations of the genus.
Palaeoscincus tutus, a renaming of Euoplocephalus tutus by Edwin Hennig in 1915.
Today, the type species P. costatus and thereby the genus is considered to be an indeterminate ankylosaurian, perhaps an indeterminate nodosaurid.
See also
Timeline of ankylosaur research
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Palaeoscincus
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Pachyrhachis (from , 'thick' and , 'spine') is an extinct genus of snake with well developed hind legs known from fossils discovered in Ein Yabrud, near Ramallah, in the central West Bank. It is a relatively small snake, measuring more than long at maximum. Pachyrhachis appears to have been an ancient marine snake; the fossils occur in a marine limestone deposit, and the thickened bone of the ribs and vertebrae would have functioned as ballast to decrease the buoyancy of the animal, allowing it to dive beneath the ancient Cretaceous seas that it once inhabited.
Pachyrhachis is one of three genera of Cenomanian snakes with hindlimbs. Although many modern pythons and boas still retain remnants of legs, in the form of small spurs, the tiny legs of Pachyrhachis included a hip, knee, and ankle joint. Pachyrhachis was originally described by Haas (1979, 1980) who noted it had a puzzling melange of snake and lizard features; its status as an early snake was later confirmed (Caldwell and Lee 1997).
The position of Pachyrhachis within snakes has been debated (e.g. Lee and Scanlon 2002; Rieppel et al. 2003). Pachyrhachis is among the oldest known snakes and retains well-developed hind limbs, suggesting it represented a transitional form linking snakes to marine lizards (Lee and Scanlon 2002), though other studies place Pachyrhachis within the modern snake radiation Macrostomata (Zaher & Rieppel, 1999).
See also
Other known fossil snakes with legs:
Eupodophis
Haasiophis
Najash
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Pachyrhachis
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Charles Youmans McClendon (October 17, 1923 – December 6, 2001), also known as "Cholly Mac", was an American college football player and coach. He served at the head football coach at Louisiana State University (LSU) from 1962 to 1979, compiling a record of 137–59–7. McClendon was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1986.
Early years
McClendon was born on October 17, 1923, in Lewisville, Arkansas. He played college football under Bear Bryant at the University of Kentucky.
Coaching career
McClendon's first coaching job was as an assistant at Vanderbilt University in 1952. In 1953, he came to LSU as an assistant under head coach Gaynell Tinsley. He was retained as an assistant when Paul Dietzel took over the team in 1955. In 1958, McClendon helped Dietzel coach LSU to its first recognized national championship. At the end of the 1961 season, Dietzel left for Army and picked McClendon to be his successor.
During his first 12 years (1962–1973), McClendon coached the Tigers to nine appearances in the final AP Poll, with an average rank of 9.22. During this time, LSU's record was 97–32–5 (.724 winning percentage) and LSU went to two Sugar Bowls (1965 and 1968), two Cotton Bowl Classics (1963 and 1966), and two Orange Bowls (1971 and 1974). LSU won nine games in five consecutive seasons from 1969 to 1973, but during that stretch won only one Southeastern Conference championship (1970) and one bowl game in four visits, the 1971 Sun Bowl versus Iowa State.
In 1964, LSU defeated arch-rival Ole Miss 10-9 through an unexpected two-point conversion attempt. At first McClendon did not realize his team had made the conversion until he heard the roar of the Tigers' fans.
In 1969, LSU was 9–1 and ranked fifth at the end of the regular season, but when the Cotton Bowl Classic denied the Tigers a match-up with top-ranked and undefeated Texas, LSU refused invitations by the Bluebonnet Bowl and Liberty Bowl, instead opting to stay home. Tiger fans suspected the culprit for the Cotton Bowl Classic snub was the decision by Notre Dame to lift its self-imposed bowl ban and participate in post-season play for the first time since 1925. When the Irish opted to return to the bowl scene, the Cotton Bowl Classic snapped up Notre Dame. The seething antipathy between LSU and Notre Dame boiled over into a two-year series between the schools in 1970 and 1971, in which the home team won each game, Notre Dame in 1970 and LSU in 1971.
Despite all of LSU's success during this period, the Tigers only had a 4–7–1 record against Ole Miss and a 2–14 record against Bear Bryant's Alabama Crimson Tide. 1970 was the only year in which McClendon beat both Ole Miss and Alabama in the same season. Not coincidentally, this was the only year that a McClendon-coached team won an SEC title; his Tigers finished undefeated and untied in SEC play for the first time since 1961, Dietzel's final season. McClendon was awarded AFCA Coach of the Year honors, but the Tigers lost the 1971 Orange Bowl to eventual national champion Nebraska.
McClendon's tenure crested in 1973. The Tigers raced out to a 9–0 record, but lost to Alabama 21-7–a loss that cost that Tigers an SEC title. A week later, they were shut out at Tulane 14-0, their first loss to the Green Wave since 1948. They then lost to Penn State in the Orange Bowl. During McClendon's last six seasons at LSU (1974–1979), LSU had no appearances in the final AP Poll and compiled a record of 38–29–2 (.551 winning percentage). This included McClendon's only two non-winning records at LSU–a 5-5-1 record in 1974 followed by a 5–6 record in 1975. The latter was LSU's first losing season since 1957.
The Tigers rebounded to a 7-3-1 record in 1976. Despite this, former LSU great Billy Cannon began campaigning for McClendon to be fired. Cannon was angered that a number of Louisiana high school stars, most notably Terry Bradshaw, passed on LSU during McClendon's tenure. In response, the LSU Board of Supervisors gave McClendon the option of resigning immediately and being paid for the remaining four years of his contract, or leave at the end of the 1978 season. McClendon opted to stay. Before the 1978 season, Dietzel returned to LSU as athletic director and persuaded the Board of Supervisors to let McClendon stay in 1979. McClendon was due to become president of the American Football Coaches Association, and Dietzel didn't want to embarrass McClendon by firing him that year.
The Tigers lost to Tulane in 1979, but that was followed by a 34–10 victory over Wake Forest in the Tangerine Bowl, McClendon's final game at LSU.
In addition to owning the longest tenure in LSU football coaching history (18 seasons), McClendon holds the program records for most wins (137, including two forfeits to LSU), most losses (59), and most bowl losses (6, tied with Les Miles).
Later years
After his retirement from LSU, McClendon became the executive director of the Tangerine Bowl, now renamed the Citrus Bowl, from 1980 to 1981. He was also the president of the American Football Coaches Association in 1979 and executive director from 1982 to 1994. The Charles McClendon Practice Facility at LSU was named in his honor on September 9, 2002, nine months after his death on December 6, 2001. His death came just two days before LSU won its first outright SEC title in 15 years.
Head coaching record
See also
List of presidents of the American Football Coaches Association
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Charles McClendon
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Clavicula may refer to:
Clavicle, a slender, S-shaped bone approximately 6 inches long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum
Mappae clavicula, a medieval Latin text containing manufacturing recipes for crafts materials, including for metals, glass, mosaics, and dyes and tints for materials
Clavicula Salomonis (disambiguation)
See also
Clavis (disambiguation)
Key (disambiguation)
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Clavicula
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Aréna Chamber Theatre () is a chamber theatre in Ostrava, Czech Republic. Founded in 1994, it continues in the tradition of the Music Theatre (Divadlo hudby), which had existed since 1951.
History
Aréna Chamber Theatre was nominated as a candidate for Best theatre of the year in 1996 in the categories "Best actress" and "Best play". Its biggest triumph was celebrated in the year 2003, when it won the Alfréd Radok award for "Best play" and "Best actor" of the year. Both prizes were awarded to the theatre for the Mikhail Bulgakov play Psí srdce (Heart of a Dog), directed by Sergej Fedotov, starring Michal Čapka.
Since the beginning of the 2005/06 season the theatre has been situated in the reconstructed building of the Municipal Library.
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Aréna chamber theatre
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Counterterrorism Special Detachment 88 (), or Densus 88, is a tier one Indonesian National Police counter-terrorism squad formed on 30 June 2003, after the 2002 Bali bombings. It is funded, equipped, and trained by the United States through the Diplomatic Security Service's Antiterrorism Assistance Program and Australia.
The unit has worked with considerable success against the jihadi terrorist cells linked to Central Java–based Islamist movement Jemaah Islamiyah.
History
Detachment 88 was formed after the 2002 Bali bombings and became operational in 2003. The name of the organization is a result of a senior Indonesian police official mishearing "ATA" in a briefing on the Diplomatic Security Service's Antiterrorism Assistance Program as "88". He thought it would be a good name as the number 8 is a lucky number in Asia and other officials lacked the courage to correct him. The bilateral initiative that started Detachment 88 also started Jakarta Centre for Law Enforcement Cooperation (JCLEC). In July 2003, the first 30 Indonesian National Police officers were trained under to serve as the unit's first members under the Anti-Terrorism Assistance Initiative.
Detachment 88 has disrupted the activities of Central Java–based Islamist movement Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) and many of JI's top operatives have been arrested or killed. Abu Dujana, suspected leader of JI's military wing and its possible emir, was apprehended on 9 June 2007. Azahari Husin was shot and killed on 9 November 2005 at Batu, East Java. The Indonesian terrorist organization suffered a further blow when arguably its last surviving and at-large prominent figure, Noordin Mohammad Top was killed in a shootout with Detachment 88 on 17 September 2009 at Solo, Central Java.
Detachment 88 is assisted by foreign agencies, including the Australian Federal Police, in forensic sciences including DNA analysis, and communications monitoring. In pre-emptive strikes in Java, the unit thwarted attack plans to material assembly.
Detachment 88 operators were involved in an operation in Poso, where 10 people, including a policeman, were killed in a gunfight during a high-risk arrest operation on 22 January 2007.
In 2007, Detachment 88 arrested and interrogated West Papuan human rights lawyer, Iwangin Sabar Olif, and charged him with incitement and insulting the head of state, because he sent an SMS text message critical of the Indonesian military and president.
Six members of a little-known terror cell called Katibah GR, or Cell GR, were arrested by D88 operators after carrying out a raid in Batam in August 2016. Police said their leader had been planning a rocket attack on Marina Bay, Singapore together with a Syrian-based Indonesian ISIS militant.
Training
This special unit is being funded by the US government through its State Department's Diplomatic Security Service (DSS), under the ATA. The unit is currently being trained in Megamendung, 50 km south of Jakarta, by the CIA, FBI, US Secret Service, and Australian Federal Police.
Most of these instructors were ex-US special forces personnel. Training is also carried out with the aid of Australian Special Forces and various intelligence agencies.
Detachment 88 is designed to become an anti-terrorist unit that is capable of countering various terrorist threats, from bomb threats to hostage situations. This 400-personnel strong special force went fully operational in 2005. It consists of investigators, explosive experts, and an attack unit that includes snipers. As of 2017, the unit have 1,300 personnel assigned to it.
Weapons
Detachment 88 officers are frequently seen armed with a M4A1 carbine when an operation or a raid is being conducted while the Glock 17 pistol is used as the standard sidearm.
They also use a varied arsenal of weapons such as the Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun, Heckler & Koch MP7 Submachine gun, Steyr AUG assault rifles, Heckler & Koch G36C assault rifles, Remington 700 and Armalite AR-10 sniper rifles, Knight's Armament Company SR-25 Marksman Rifles, M14 Battle Rifles, Ithaca 37 and Remington 870 shotguns, and Heckler & Koch HK416 rifles.
Allegations of torture and deaths in custody
The unit has been accused of involvement of torture. In August 2010, Amnesty International said in an urgent appeal that Indonesia had arrested Moluccan activists, and they had anxiety that the activists would be tortured by Detachment 88. In September 2010, the death of Malukan political prisoner Yusuf Sipakoly allegedly caused by the gross human rights abuses by Detachment 88. In March 2016, the Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights stated that at least 121 terror suspects had died in custody since 2007
While acknowledging that Australia did train Detachment 88, Foreign affairs minister in 2012, Bob Carr, said he wasn't sure if the allegations were true, but would follow up.
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Detachment 88
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Sir Walter Blake, (bef. 1672–May 1748), 6th Bt., was a minor Irish aristocrat and politician from County Galway.
Biography
Blake was the son of Sir Thomas Blake and Maria French. In October 1686, Walter Blake succeeded to the title of 6th Baronet Blake of Menlough. During the Williamite war in Ireland, he was a captain in Colonel Dillon's Regiment of Foot of King James II's Irish Army.
Blake was Member of Parliament for Galway County in the Patriot Parliament of 1689. He was the first Roman Catholic of distinction to join William of Orange's forces, where he raised and maintained a regiment at his own expense.
Blake lived in Menlough, County Galway. In 1687, he married Anne Kirwan, daughter of Sir John Kirwan. In 1706, he married Agnes Blake, daughter of John Blake.
Blake died in May 1748 in Marlborough Street, Dublin. He was succeeded as Baronet Blake by his son, Thomas Blake.
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Walter Blake (politician)
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Sydney Festival is a major arts festival in Australia's largest city, Sydney that runs for three weeks every January, since it was established in 1977. The festival program features in excess of 100 events from local and international artists and includes contemporary and classical music, dance, circus, drama, visual arts and artist talks. The festival attracts approximately 500,000 people to its large-scale free outdoor events and 150,000 to its ticketed events, and contributes more than A$55 million to the economy of New South Wales.
History
The origins of the Sydney Festival are in the Waratah Festival which was established in 1956 by the Sydney Committee and took place from late October to early November, coinciding with the blooming of the NSW emblematic flower the Waratah. It was an important cultural event which included a parade, a popular art competition, beauty contests, exhibitions, performances and the Lord Mayor's reception at the Sydney Town Hall.
Sydney Festival was established by the Sydney Committee, the NSW State Government and the City of Sydney with a view to attracting people into the city centre during the summer holiday month of January. In many ways it is probably still best understood as a celebration of Sydney and what the city has to offer. In the festival's early years, its program offered everything from vintage car rallies, face-painting and kite-flying to bocce, dog obedience trials and Chinese scarf dancing.
For three weeks, the festival offers a program of more than 330 performances and 100 events involving 900 artists from 17 countries, covering dance, theatre, music, visual arts, cross media and forums. In any given year, the program's diversity might include burlesque circus to New York rap to Russian theatre; from contemporary dance to family programs to traditional Indigenous arts practice. The festival uses at least 30 venues including the city's main theatre venues such as Sydney Theatre, Carriageworks, City Recital Hall and venues at Sydney Opera House and in Parramatta, as well as community halls, parks and the city streets themselves.
Sydney Festival presents a number of large-scale free outdoor events including the long-running Concerts in The Domain with, each attracting up to 60,000 people, a decrease from peaks of 80,000 people during earlier years. At its peak, it is estimated that the festival attracted 1.5 million people.
The Festival has a history of presenting Australian premieres and many of Australia's most memorable productions such as Cloudstreet have resulted from Sydney Festival's commitment to nurture local artists. It has brought many of the world's great artists to Sydney for the first time including: Ariane Mnouchkine and Thèâtre du Soleil (Flood Drummers), Robert Wilson (The Black Rider), Robert Lepage (Far Side of the Moon, The Andersen Project, Lipsynch), George Piper Dances, Netherlands Dance Theatre, James Thiérrée (Junebug Symphony, Au Revoir Parapluie), Philip Glass, Ian McKellen (Dance of Death), Batsheva Dance Company, National Theatre of Scotland (Black Watch, Aalst), Christopher Wheeldon Company, All Tomorrow's Parties, Al Green, Katona Jozsef Theatre, Bon Iver, Grizzly Bear, The National, Sufjan Stevens and Joanna Newsom.
A survey of 1,500 attendees conducted during the 2011 festival revealed that patrons mainly live in Greater Sydney (83%), with approximately 11,500 visitors from interstate and overseas attending festival events.
Not without controversy, the festival has faced challenges with profitability in its early years and was subject to a riot at a New Year's Eve concert at Sydney Opera House in 1980, when 68 people were arrested and 150 were taken to hospital; and criticism about the festival's artistic credibility.
Sydney Festival Program
The Festival's inclusive programming, broad range of free events and accessible pricing policies for the ticketed shows means that Sydney Festival is open to all. Within the program there is always a group of shows - all about an hour long - with $35 tickets. Tickets to all performances are available on the day for only $25 at the Tix for Next to Nix booth in Martin Place in the heart of Sydney's CBD.
From 2008-2012, the Festival's free opening event was Festival First Night, attracting approximately 200,000 people into the city centre.
Sydney Festival program highlights include Schaubuhne Berlin's Hamlet, Headlong's Six Characters in Search of an Author, Peter Sellars' Oedipus Rex & Symphony of Psalms, 43 Rajastani musicians in The Manganiyar Seduction, Al Green, Fabulous Beast's Giselle and Rian, John Cale, Grizzly Bear, Grace Jones, Laura Marling, James Thiérrée, Björk, Patrick Watson, Manu Chao, David Byrne, Herrenhausen's fashion opera Semele Walk with costumes by Vivienne Westwood, Sasha Waltz' Dido and Aeneas, Antony; and many more.
Sydney Festival has a strong tradition of creating opportunities for Australian artists, with 23 world premières of new Australian work across the 2013 and 2014 Festivals.
The free program for Sydney Festival includes concerts in The Domain or Parramatta, such as the outdoor concert by Indian superstar AR Rahman (with an audience of 50,000 people) in 2010, and the much-loved annual Ferrython with four Sydney ferries racing around Sydney Harbour.
The Festival's late night venues, both presenting contemporary music, are the Festival Paradiso Bar and Festival Village in Hyde Park with the latter hosting The Famous Spiegeltent, a traditional European wooden dance hall.
As a part of corporate responsibility, the festival has a Reconciliation Action Plan which envisages engaging with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artists and communities to positively contribute towards closing the gap between Indigenous and other Australians.
Boycott
In May 2020, Sydney Festival received $20,000 sponsorship from the Israeli Embassy to support Sydney Dance Company production of Decadence, created by Israeli choreographer Ohad Naharin and Tel Aviv's Batsheva Dance Company. The Sydney Festival listed Israel as a "star partner" on the festival website. A coalition of anti-apartheid advocates and organisations met with Sydney Festival in late 2021 to request the removal of Israel as a star partner of the event, which the festival refused.
In December 2021, the Palestine Justice Movement Sydney announced a boycott of the 2022 Sydney Festival, urging "artists who oppose apartheid to withdraw their participation from the festival", for "all members of the public who oppose apartheid to not attend Festival events" and for "Festival board members who oppose apartheid to resign from the board". The boycott is consistent with global movement Boycott Divestment and Sanctions that aims to use economic sanctions to end Israel's oppression of Palestinians.
By the start of the festival, more than 25 acts had pulled out, including comedian Tom Ballard, Nazeem Hussain, the Belvoir Theatre production of Black Brass, First Nations dance company Marrugeku, Arab Theatre Studio, and Bankstown Poetry Slam.
Festival Directors
See also
Symphony in the Domain
Summer Sounds in the Domain
Opera in The Domain
List of festivals in Australia
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Sydney Festival
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Chicama is a town in Northern Peru, capital of the district of Chicama of Ascope Province in the region La Libertad. This town is located beside the Pan-American Highway some 33 km north of Trujillo city in the agricultural Chicama Valley.
See also
Ascope Province
Puerto Chicama
Chavimochic
Virú Valley
Virú
Valley of Moche
Huanchaco
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Chicama
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Peter Walton (born 10 October 1959) is an English former professional football referee who officiated in the Premier League from 2003 to 2012. Beginning 2013, he was general manager of the Professional Referee Organization (PRO) in North America until being replaced by Howard Webb in January 2018.
Walton is also a former player in the United Counties League. He is based in Long Buckby, Northamptonshire, the village which he played his football for. He lists his interests as current affairs and golf.
During his professional career which spanned nearly 20 years, Walton refereed a number of notable matches, including the 2003 final of the Football League Trophy and the FA Community Shield in 2008.
Career
Walton began refereeing in 1986 in local leagues. He was appointed to the assistant referees' lists of the Football League in 1993, and the Premier League in 1994.
In 1996, he was an assistant referee for the FA Cup final at Wembley Stadium, when Manchester United defeated Liverpool with a late Eric Cantona goal.
In the same year he became a FIFA assistant referee, officiating in that capacity during Euro '96 in England, notably in a group-stage match between Germany and the Czech Republic at Old Trafford, which Germany won 2–0.
Walton was promoted to the Football League list of referees in 1998. At this point, he also stepped down from the FIFA assistant referees' list.
In 2003, he was added to the Select Group of referees and took charge of the Football League Trophy final between Bristol City and Carlisle United on 6 April, with the Robins triumphing 2–0. He also refereed a Division 1 play-off semi-final second leg and a Division 3 play-off semi-final first leg at the end of the 2002-03 season.
His first Premier League appointment was a 4–3 home win by Wolverhampton Wanderers over Leicester City at Molineux Stadium on 25 October 2003.
At the end of January 2007, Walton accompanied Regional Referees' Manager Ray Olivier (a Football League referee himself) to Guayaquil, Ecuador, to undertake an Advanced Course for Referees' Instructors on behalf of the Football Association and CONMEBOL. Olivier is quoted as saying: "It is also a great fillip to have someone of Peter's calibre as part of the team and his experience of refereeing in the Premiership is invaluable to those referees taking part in this workshop."
Walton refereed the 2008 FA Community Shield match between Manchester United and Portsmouth, issuing three cautions during the game between the Premier League champions and FA Cup winners of the previous season, which United won 3–1 on penalties after extra-time.
Walton's last appointment as a Premier League referee was Everton's 2–0 home win over West Bromwich Albion on 31 March 2012. He then took up a new role as the general manager of the Professional Referee Organization (PRO) for the Football Leagues in the United States and Canada, from 2 April 2012.
Upon his appointment, Walton said to proreferees.com: "I think the referees we've got in North America are very good.
"I think the competitive nature of our leagues are very good as well and what I'm intending to do is match-up the referee abilities to that of the playing side.
"We can see great strides being taken with the league and with the infrastructure, with the players and I must make sure our referees are running parallel to that so we advance at the same pace and there isn't a gap developing or developed."
Walton currently works as a referee analyst for BT Sport's coverage of the UEFA Champions League, discussing key decisions and explaining the usage of VAR, both in-game and post-match. During the 2019 Champions League semi-final second leg between Tottenham and Ajax, a celebrating Walton, in his BT studio, was inadvertently broadcast in the midst of the dramatic scenes following Tottenham's late winning goal. Walton also regularly appears on ESPN FC.
Card statistics
See also
List of football referees
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Peter Walton (referee)
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Cheongju (; literally "clear wine"), sometimes romanized as Chungju, is a clear, refined rice wine of Korean origin.
Names
The word cheongju () consists of two characters: cheong () meaning "clear" and ju () meaning "alcoholic drink". It contrasts with takju (), as "tak" () means "turbid". The word takju usually refers to makgeolli (milky, unrefined rice wine). The hanja characters 淸酒 are the same as the kanji pronounced seishu used on the labels of sake.
The native Korean word for "clear wine", malgeun-sul (), is also used to refer to cheongju. Another name for cheongju is yakju (), which literally translates into "medicinal wine".
History
According to Things on Korea—a 12th-century book on Korea written by Song Chinese scholar Sun Mu (孫穆)—the Goryeo people used non-glutinous rice to brew rice wine. Another 12th-century Chinese book, Illustrated Account of Goryeo, reports that Korean rice wine that is made with nuruk is deeper in color and has a higher alcohol content; it says that when drinking this wine one gets drunk quickly and sobers up quickly. This book says that clear, refined rice wine was made in the royal court, while milky, unrefined rice wine was more popular among commoners.
Preparation
Cheongju is usually brewed in winter, between the months of November and March. Steamed rice mixed with nuruk (fermentation starter) and water is left to ferment for 16 to 25 days, at a temperature not higher than . During the fermentation process, the rice starch becomes saccharified; the yeast fungi feed on the sugars created by saccharification and produce alcohol. The fermented wine is then filtered with yongsu (a wine strainer), which is dipped into the liquid. The clear wine inside the yongsu is ladled out to make cheongju.
Consumption
Cheongju has been widely used in a variety of traditional rituals and rites, as it is regarded as a well-prepared alcohol.
Varieties
Southern cities in South Korea such as Masan, Gunsan, and Nonsan are famous for producing good cheongju. Beopju brewed in Gyeongju and sogok-ju brewed in Hansan are well-known varieties of cheongju. There also are cheongju varieties made with glutinous rice or black rice.
Flavoured cheongju varieties include gukhwa-ju made with chrysanthemum, dugyeon-ju made with rhododendron, songsun-ju made with pine sprouts, yeonyeop-ju made with lotus leaves, and insam-ju made with ginseng.
Similar beverages
Cheongju is similar to other East Asian rice wine counterparts such as the Chinese mijiu and Japanese sake. A dry white vermouth can also serve as a substitute for cheongju in cooking.
Gallery
See also
Gwaha-ju, fortified rice wine
Mijiu, a Chinese equivalent of cheongju
Sake, a Japanese equivalent of cheongju
Korean alcoholic beverages
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Cheongju (beverage)
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The American Society of Agronomy (ASA) is a scientific and professional society of agronomists and scientists of related disciplines, principally in the United States but with many non-U.S. members as well.
About
It was founded December 13, 1907 with the objective of 'the increase and dissemination of knowledge concerning soils, crops, and the conditions affecting them. One of its founding members was Charles Piper, who would become its president in 1914. The first president was Mark A. Carleton and the first annual meeting was held in Washington, D.C., in 1908.
Two daughter societies were subsequently formed, the Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) and the Crop Science Society of America (CSSA). These 3 societies, the Agricultural Tri-Societies, each have their own boards of directors, their own bylaws, and their own membership rosters. The societies each minimize their expenses by sharing an office and staff (who job-share between the 3 societies), and their annual meetings are generally held together.
On April 17, 1948, the group incorporated. The ASA is headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin, and publishes a number of scientific journals, including Agronomy Journal. The ASA holds annual meetings, attended by thousands of its members.
Presidents
The following members served as President of the Society on the year listed:
Mark A. Carleton, 1908
George Nelson Coffey, 1909
Albert M. Ten Eyck, 1910
Homer Jay Wheeler, 1911
Roscoe W. Thatcher, 1912
Louis A. Clinton, 1913
Charles V. Piper, 1914
Charles E. Thorne, 1915
Carleton R. Ball, 1916
William M. Jardine, 1917
Thomas Lyttleton Lyon, 1918
Jacob G. Lipman, 1919
Franklin Stewart Harris, 1920
Charles Ansel Mooers, 1921
Leland E. Call, 1922
Sidney Burritt Haskell, 1923
Merrit F. Miller, 1924
Clyde W. Warburton, 1925
Carlos G. Williams, 1926
William L. Burlison, 1927
Arthur G. McCall, 1928
Marion Jacob Funchess, 1929
Walter P. Kelley, 1930
William W. Burr, 1931
Percy Edgar Brown, 1932
Max Adams McCall, 1933
Ray Iams Throckmorton, 1934
Herbert Kendall Hayes, 1935
Robert M. Salter, 1936
Frederick D. Richey, 1937
Emil Truog, 1938
Ralph John Garber, 1939
Frederick James Always, 1940
Lawrence Kirk, 1941
Richard Bradfield, 1942
Franklin David Keim, 1943
Frank Parker, 1944-1945
Harold D. Hughes, 1946
William Pierre, 1947
Olaf Aamodt, 1948
Firman Bear, 1949
Laurence Graber, 1950
Herbert P. Cooper, 1951
David “Scotty” Robertson, 1952
Harold Myers, 1953
Charles Julius Willard, 1954
George Pohlman, 1955
Iver. J. Johnson, 1956
Arthur G. Norman, 1957
Will M. Myers, 1958
John Peterson, 1959
George F. Sprague, 1960
Bertram Bertramson, 1961
Glenn W. Burton, 1962
Morell Russell, 1963
Howard B. Sprague, 1964
Lorenzo A. Richards, 1965
Herbert Kramer, 1966
Robert S.Whitney, 1967
David Clyde Smith, 1968
Werner Nelson, 1969
Roy Blaser, 1970
Charles Allen Black, 1971
J. Ritchie Cowan, 1972
Horace Cheney, 1973
Darell McCloud, 1974
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American Society of Agronomy
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Curtis is a municipality of northwestern Spain in the province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia. Its capital is Teixeiro, where its town hall is located. It belongs to the comarca of Betanzos. Curtis has a population of 4,244 inhabitants (INE, 2008). Footballer Lucas Vázquez was born in Curtis in 1991.
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Curtis, Spain
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Großefehn (East Frisian Low Saxon: Grō'fēn) is a municipality consisting of 14 villages in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km southeast of Aurich.
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Großefehn
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Chromis is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae. While the term damselfish describes a group of marine fish including more than one genus, most damselfish are in the genus Chromis. These fish are popular aquarium pets due to their small size, tolerance for poor water quality, and bright colors, though their lifespans tend to be shorter than other fish.
Species
These are the currently recognized species in this genus:
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Chromis
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FK Inter Bratislava () is a football club based in Bratislava, Slovakia, temporarily playing its home matches in Stupava.
History
Inter Bratislava was founded in 1940 by the Apollo refinery (later renamed Slovnaft). Following the end of World War II and the re-establishment of Czechoslovakia, the club developed into an important force in Czechoslovak football. While it remains unclear, whether it is Inter Bratislava or FK ŠKP Inter Dúbravka Bratislava, who can claim the successful run of Červená Hviezda Bratislava in the 1950s and early 1960s as its own, club's achievements in the subsequent decades (as TJ Internacionál Slovnaft Bratislava) can be hardly disputed. Between 1962 and 1993 the club spent 29 out of 31 seasons in the Czechoslovak First League, finishing twice as runner-up in the 1970s and winning the Slovak Cup in the seasons 1983–84, 1987–88, and 1989–90. Over these years, a number of Inter players represented Czechoslovakia at senior level. In 1976, Jozef Barmoš, Ladislav Jurkemik, and Ladislav Petráš were in the squad that won the UEFA Euro 1976. Four years later, Barmoš and Jurkemik were also a part of the side that finished third at the 1980 European Championship. In a decade that followed the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Inter went on to flourish in the newly established top tier of Slovak football as well as in the Slovak Cup, winning the Slovak double in the 1999–2000 and 2000–2001 seasons.
Inter's fall and re-establishment
Inter Bratislava won the 1. liga in the 2008–2009 season and was supposed to be promoted to the Slovak top flight. However, financial problems of the club led its owner Ľubomír Chrenko to sell Inter's licence to FK Senica in June 2009. As a result, players of the senior squad of Inter Bratislava joined Senica, whilst youth teams of Inter were preserved by the Inter Bratislava Civic Association, which had been formed from the Inter Fan Club.
The senior side was re-established in the 2010–2011 season, playing in the V. liga, i.e. the sixth tier of Slovak football. Major changes in the structure of the club were accompanied by Inter's move from the Štadión Pasienky, which had been used by the team since 1967, to the considerably smaller Štadión Drieňová ulica. After playing at the Štadión Drieňová ulica for four seasons, the senior team moved to the Štadión ŠKP Inter Dúbravka in the summer of 2014. The grounds have a capacity of 10,200. Since the season 2015/2016 due to unknown issues the Men team returned to stadium Drieňová ulica and the youth teams remained on Stadium ŠKP Inter Dúbravka. In the autumn part of the season 2016/2017 Inter was playing home matches on the stadium in Petržalka on Marie Curie-Skłodowska street (stadium of FC Petržalka akadémia), but in spring 2017 the team moved to the city of Stupava, where the team owners created the training center for Inter. The future plans are to return to Bratislava, Stupava serving as the training center.
Event timeline
1940 – Founded as ŠK Apollo Bratislava
1945 – Renamed TKNB Bratislava
1948 – Renamed Sokol SNB Bratislava
1952 – Renamed TJ Červená Hviezda Bratislava (Red Star)
1959 – First European qualification, 1959–60
1962 – Merged with TJ Iskra Slovnaft Bratislava and TJ Slovnaft Bratislava
1965 – Renamed TJ Internacionál Slovnaft Bratislava
1986 – Merged with TJ ZŤS Petržalka into TJ Internacionál Slovnaft ZŤS Bratislava
1991 – Renamed AŠK Inter Slovnaft Bratislava
2004 – Renamed FK Inter Bratislava
2009 – Sold club license of FK Inter Bratislava to FK Senica
2009 – Transforming of Inter Fan Club on Inter Bratislava o.z. (Civic association)
2014 – Transforming of Inter Bratislava o.z. on FK Inter Bratislava a.s.
Affiliated clubs
The following clubs are affiliated with FK Inter Bratislava:
AS Trenčín (2016–present)
FKM Stupava (2016–present)
Stadium
Former stadium
Stadium Pasienky is a multi-use stadium in Bratislava, Slovakia. It was used mostly for football matches and was the home ground of FK Inter Bratislava. The stadium holds 13,295 people.
Current stadium
Since the 2014/2015 season, the home ground of FK Inter Bratislava has been the Štadión ŠKP Inter Dúbravka.
Since the season 2015/2016 due to unknown issues the Men team returned to stadium Drieňová ulica and the youth teams remained on Stadium ŠKP Inter Dúbravka. In the autumn part of the season 2016/2017 Inter was playing home matches on the stadium in Petržalka on Marie Curie-Skłodowska street (stadium of FC Petržalka akadémia), but in spring 2017 the team moved to the city of Stupava, where the team owners created the training center for Inter. The future plans are to return to Bratislava, Stupava serving as the training center.
Sponsorship
Honours
Domestic
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovak First League (1944–93)
Winners (1): 1958–59
Runners-up (3): 1960–61, 1974–75, 1976–77
Third place (6): 1953, 1953, 1954, 1957-58, 1961-62, 1989-90,
1.SNL (1st Slovak National football league) (1969–1993)
Winners (1): 1986–87
Slovakia
Slovak Super Liga (1993–)
Winners (2): 1999–2000, 2000–01
Runners-up (2): 1993–94, 1998–99
Slovenský Pohár (Slovak Cup) (1961–)
Winners (6): 1983–84, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1999–2000, 2000–01
Runners-up (2):1975–76, 1978–79
Individual Club
The Double (League and Cup):
Winners (2): 1999–00, 2000–01
Czechoslovak and Slovak Top Goalscorer
The Czechoslovak League top scorer from 1944 to 1945 until 1992–93. Since the 1993–94 Slovak League Top scorer.
1Shared award
Europe
Mitropa Cup
Winners (1): 1968–69
Runners-up (1): 1969–70
International Football Cup (Intertoto Cup)
Winners (2): 1962-63, 1963-64
Intertoto Cup
Winners (2): 1976 (Group 7), 1977 (Group 3)
Players
Current squad
As of 24 March 2019
For recent transfers, see List of Slovak football transfers winter 2018–19.
Current technical staff
Updated 17 February 2018
Transfers
Inter have produced numerous players who have gone on to represent the Slovak national football team. Over the last period there has been a steady increase of young players leaving Inter after a few years of first team football and moving on to play football in leagues of a higher standard, with the German Bundesliga (Vratislav Greško to Leverkusen in 1999), Turkish Süper Lig (Juraj Czinege to Elazığspor in 2003, Roman Kratochvíl to Denizlispor in 2002), Super League Greece (Miroslav Drobňák to Xanthi F.C. in 2003, Marián Šuchančok to Akratitos F.C. in 2002, Marián Ľalík to Panionios F.C. in 2003, Czech First League (Marek Čech and Peter Babnič to Sparta Prague in 2004 and 2001, Peter Németh to FC Baník Ostrava in 2001), Russian Premier League (Zsolt Hornyák to FC Dynamo Moscow in 2001). The top transfer was agreed in 2001 when 23years old forward and topscorer Szilárd Németh joined Premier League team Middlesbrough F.C. for a fee €6.75 million which was the highest ever paid to a Slovak club.
Record transfers
*-unofficial fee
Results
League and domestic cup history
Slovak League only (1993–present)
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| Season
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| Division (Name)
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| Pos./Teams
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| Pl.
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| W
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| D
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| L
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| GS
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| GA
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| P
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| Slovak Cup
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;" colspan=2|Europe
! style="color:#FFD700; background:#000000;"| Top scorer (Goals)
|-
|align=center|1993–94
|align=center|1st (1. liga)
|align=center bgcolor=silver|2/(12)
|align=center|32
|align=center|18
|align=center|4
|align=center|10
|align=center|65
|align=center|45
|align=center|40
|align=center|Semi-finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Martin Obšitník (14)
|-
|align=center|1994–95
|align=center|1st (1. liga)
|align=center bgcolor=cc9966|3/(12)
|align=center|32
|align=center|14
|align=center|8
|align=center|10
|align=center|47
|align=center|45
|align=center|50
|align=center bgcolor=gold|Winner
|align=center|UC
|align=center|PR ( MYPA)
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|1995–96
|align=center|1st (1. liga)
|align=center|9/(12)
|align=center|32
|align=center|11
|align=center|7
|align=center|14
|align=center|42
|align=center|45
|align=center|40
|align=center|2.R
|align=center|CWC
|align=center|1.R ( Zaragoza)
|align=center| Jaroslav Timko (9)
|-
|align=center|1996–97
|align=center|1st (1. liga)
|align=center|4/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|13
|align=center|9
|align=center|8
|align=center|38
|align=center|35
|align=center|48
|align=center|Semi-finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Rolf Landerl (10)
|-
|align=center|1997–98
|align=center|1st (Mars Superliga)
|align=center bgcolor=cc9966|3/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|18
|align=center|6
|align=center|6
|align=center|55
|align=center|25
|align=center|60
|align=center|Semi-finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Peter Babnič (9)
|-
|align=center|1998–99
|align=center|1st (Mars Superliga)
|align=center bgcolor=silver|2/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|21
|align=center|5
|align=center|4
|align=center|64
|align=center|15
|align=center|68
|align=center|Quarter-finals
|align=center| UC
|align=center| Q2 ( Slavia Prague)
|align=center| Peter Babnič (13)
|-
|align=center|1999–00
|align=center|1st (Mars Superliga)
|align=center bgcolor=gold|1/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|21
|align=center|7
|align=center|2
|align=center|65
|align=center|16
|align=center|70
|align=center bgcolor=gold|Winner
|align=center| UC
|align=center| 2.R ( FC Nantes)
|align=center| Szilárd Németh (16)
|-
|align=center|2000–01
|align=center|1st (Mars Superliga)
|align=center bgcolor=gold|1/(10)
|align=center|36
|align=center|25
|align=center|5
|align=center|6
|align=center|73
|align=center|28
|align=center|80
|align=center bgcolor=gold|Winner
|align=center| CL UC
|align=center| Q3 ( Lyon) 2.R ( Lokomotiv)
|align=center| Szilárd Németh (23)
|-
|align=center|2001–02
|align=center|1st (Mars Superliga)
|align=center bgcolor=cc9966|3/(10)
|align=center|36
|align=center|16
|align=center|8
|align=center|12
|align=center|53
|align=center|39
|align=center|56
|align=center|Quarter-finals
|align=center| CL UC
|align=center| Q3 ( Rosenborg) 1.R ( Litex)
|align=center| Miroslav Drobňák (9)
|-
|align=center|2002–03
|align=center|1st (1. liga)
|align=center|6/(10)
|align=center|36
|align=center|12
|align=center|7
|align=center|17
|align=center|48
|align=center|58
|align=center|43
|align=center|1.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Miroslav Drobňák (10) Juraj Halenár (10)
|-
|align=center|2003–04
|align=center|1st (Corgoň Liga)
|align=center|7/(10)
|align=center|36
|align=center|12
|align=center|9
|align=center|15
|align=center|38
|align=center|44
|align=center|45
|align=center|2.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Juraj Halenár (9)
|-
|align=center|2004–05
|align=center|1st (Corgoň Liga)
|align=center|9/(10)
|align=center|36
|align=center|9
|align=center|11
|align=center|16
|align=center|37
|align=center|60
|align=center|38
|align=center|Quarter-finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Juraj Halenár (12)
|-
|align=center|2005–06
|align=center|1st (Corgoň Liga)
|align=center|9/(10)
|align=center|36
|align=center|7
|align=center|9
|align=center|20
|align=center|27
|align=center|62
|align=center|30
|align=center|2.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Marián Tomčák (6)
|-
|align=center|2006–07
|align=center |1st (Corgoň Liga)
|align=center bgcolor=red|13/(16)
|align=center|36
|align=center|11
|align=center|11
|align=center|14
|align=center|39
|align=center|40
|align=center|44
|align=center|3.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Radoslav Kunzo (6)
|-
|align=center|2007–08
|align=center|2nd (1. liga)
|align=center|3/(12)
|align=center|33
|align=center|15
|align=center|8
|align=center|10
|align=center|49
|align=center|40
|align=center|53
|align=center|Quarter-finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Tomáš Majtán (16)
|-
|align=center|2008–09
|align=center|2nd (1. liga)
|align=center bgcolor=green|1/(12)
|align=center|33
|align=center|19
|align=center|10
|align=center|4
|align=center|64
|align=center|27
|align=center|67
|align=center|2.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|2009–10
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|align=center bgcolor=black|
|-
|align=center|2010–11
|align=center|6th (V. liga Seniori BA-Mesto)
|align=center bgcolor=green|1/(12)
|align=center|22
|align=center|18
|align=center|2
|align=center|2
|align=center|72
|align=center|15
|align=center|56
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|2011–12
|align=center|5th (IV. liga Seniori BA-Mesto)
|align=center bgcolor=green|1/(14)
|align=center|26
|align=center|16
|align=center|6
|align=center|4
|align=center|62
|align=center|28
|align=center|54
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|2012–13
|align=center|4th (Majstrovstvá regiónu BA)
|align=center|7/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|13
|align=center|7
|align=center|10
|align=center|42
|align=center|33
|align=center|46
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|2013–14
|align=center|4th (Majstrovstvá regiónu BA)
|align=center bgcolor=green|1/(17)
|align=center|32
|align=center|21
|align=center|9
|align=center|2
|align=center|83
|align=center|24
|align=center|72
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|2014–15
|align=center|3rd (III. liga Bratislava)
|align=center|6/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|13
|align=center|8
|align=center|9
|align=center|46
|align=center|41
|align=center|47
|align=center|4.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|align=center|2015–16
|align=center|3rd (III. liga Bratislava)
|align=center|2/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|18
|align=center|6
|align=center|6
|align=center|70
|align=center|20
|align=center|60
|align=center|2.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Patrik Fedor (13)
|-
|align=center|2016–17
|align=center|3rd (III. liga Bratislava)
|align=center bgcolor=green|1/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|24
|align=center|4
|align=center|2
|align=center|93
|align=center|11
|align=center|76
|align=center|3.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Jakub Šulc (23)
|-
|align=center|2017–18
|align=center|2nd (DOXXbet liga)
|align=center|8/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|12
|align=center|5
|align=center|13
|align=center|45
|align=center|46
|align=center|41
|align=center|5.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Erik Prekop (8)
|-
|align=center|2018–19
|align=center|2nd (II. liga)
|align=center bgcolor=red|14/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|8
|align=center|5
|align=center|17
|align=center|37
|align=center|56
|align=center|29
|align=center|4.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Jakub Šulc (11)
|-
|align=center|2019–20
|align=center|3rd (III. liga)
|align=center|2/(16)
|align=center|15
|align=center|11
|align=center|2
|align=center|2
|align=center|46
|align=center|16
|align=center|35
|align=center|Not enter
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Tomáš Majtán (14)
|-
|align=center|2020–21
|align=center|3rd (III. liga)
|align=center|2/(16)
|align=center|15
|align=center|10
|align=center|1
|align=center|4
|align=center|53
|align=center|21
|align=center|31
|align=center|Not enter
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Tomáš Majtán (13)
|-
|align=center|2021–22
|align=center|3rd (III. liga)
|align=center|3/(16)
|align=center|30
|align=center|21
|align=center|6
|align=center|3
|align=center|79
|align=center|18
|align=center|69
|align=center|Not enter
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Andrej Labuda (18)
|-
|align=center|2022–23
|align=center|3rd (III. liga)
|align=center|13/(16)
|align=center|28
|align=center|8
|align=center|7
|align=center|13
|align=center|34
|align=center|43
|align=center|31
|align=center|3.R
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center| Tomáš Majtán (6)
|}
European competition history
Player records
Most goals
Notable players
Had international caps for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for Inter.
Past (and present) players who are the subjects of Wikipedia articles can be found here.
Managers
József Ember (1953)
František Kolman (1954–55)
Theodor Reimann (1955–57)
Karol Borhy (1958–1960)
Arnošt Hložek (1962–1966)
Ladislav Kačáni (1967–1970)
Jozef Marko (1970–1972)
František Skyva (1972)
Valér Švec (1972–1978)
Michal Vičan (1978–1980)
Justín Javorek (1980–1982)
Arnošt Hložek (1982–1984)
Štefan Šimončič (1984)
Michal Vičan (1984–1986)
Karol Kögl (1986–1988)
Vladimír Hrivnák (1988)
Jozef Adamec (1989–1991)
Jozef Jankech (1991–1992)
Jozef Adamec (1992–1993)
Ladislav Petráš (1994)
Karel Brückner (1995)
Jozef Adamec (1995)
Jozef Valovič (1996)
Jozef Bubenko (1996–2002)
Jozef Valovič (1996)
Jozef Bubenko (1996–2002)
Jozef Barmoš (2004–2005)
Ladislav Jurkemik (2006–2008)
Vladimír Koník (2007–2009)
Peter Fieber (2009)
Jozef Barmoš (2009–2016)
Richard Slezák (2016–2017)
Jozef Barmoš (2017)
Jozef Brezovský (2018)
Miroslav Jantek (2018–2019)
Michal Pančík (2019–2021)
Ladislav Hudec (2022)
Andrej Štellár (2023-)
|
FK Inter Bratislava
|
The Peoria Pirates were a professional arena football team that last played in AF2, the minor league to the Arena Football League (AFL). They played their home games at Carver Arena, part of the Peoria Civic Center in Illinois, and were coached by Mike Hohensee and Bruce Cowdrey. The Pirates originally began play as a charter member of the original Indoor Football League in 1999.
In their existence, the Pirates played in the Indoor Football League (IFL), AF2 (twice), and United Indoor Football (UIF). They also won the 2000 IFL Championship. They were also, while in the UIF, known as the Peoria Rough Riders.
History
Indoor Football League (IFL) / AF2
The Peoria Pirates were charter members of the Indoor Football League (IFL) and were also the IFL runners-up in 1999 and won the IFL championship in 2000 before their original league folded and the franchise moved over to AF2. After the move, the Pirates won ArenaCup III over the Florida Firecats, but couldn't repeat their performance the following year.
United Indoor Football (UIF)
After losing ArenaCup V to the Firecats, the franchise moved to United Indoor Football (UIF) and became the Peoria Rough Riders. Before changing team name (along with their move to the UIF), their name was the Mutineers. However, their IFL and AF2 success did not translate with their move to United Indoor Football, as they finished 6–9, then 0–15.
On September 15, 2006, the Rough Riders officially ceased operations.
af2 return
On August 22, 2007, it was announced that a new team would begin playing at Carver Arena, which would, play in AF2, assume the old Peoria Pirates name, logo, colors, and history, and have longtime head coach Bruce Cowdrey become head coach once again. The Pirates returned to play in the 2008 AF2 season.
2009 closure
The domain of the Pirates official website expired on August 31, 2009. On September 7, 2009, the Pirates announced that they were closing down, would not play in 2010, and were selling off the team equipment later in the week. The team could not provide the required commitment and two $100,000 letters of credit by the af2s September 8 deadline for the 2010 season. Later in the week, the Peoria Journal Star noted that one of the owners of the nearby Bloomington Extreme was interested in assisting with the launch of a new Peoria team as part of a new Midwest division for the Indoor Football League.
Season-by-season
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | Peoria Pirates (IFL)
|-
|1999 || 11 || 1 || 0 || 1st EC Northern || Won semifinal (Dayton)Lost Gold Cup I (Green Bay)
|-
|2000 || 14 || 0 || 0 || 1st EC Northern || Won Round 1 (Madison) Won semifinal (Steel Valley) Won Gold Cup II (Bismarck)
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | Peoria Pirates (af2)
|-
|2001 || 7 || 9 || 0 || 4th NC Midwestern || --
|-
|2002 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 1st NC Midwestern || Won NC Round 1 (Wichita)Won NC Semifinal (San Diego)Won NC Championship (Birmingham)Won ArenaCup III (Florida)
|-
|2003 || 5 || 11 || 0 || 4th NC Midwestern || --
|-
|2004 || 9 || 7 || 0 || 3rd NC Midwestern || Won NC Round 1 (Oklahoma City)Won NC Semifinal (Bakersfield)Won NC Championship (Tulsa)Lost ArenaCup V (Florida)
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | Peoria Rough Riders (UIF)
|-
|2005 || 6 || 9 || 0 || 3rd Midwest || --
|-
|2006 || 0 || 15 || 0 || 3rd Central || --
|-
|2007 || colspan="6" align="center" | Did Not Play
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | Peoria Pirates (af2)
|-
|2008 || 4 || 12 || 0 || 6th AC Midwest || --
|-
|2009 || 5 || 11 || 0 || 5th AC Midwest || --
|-
!Totals || 79 || 76 || 0
|colspan="2"| (including playoffs)
|}
Notes
|
Peoria Pirates
|
The Baitarani (also spelled Vaitarani) is one of six major rivers of Odisha, India. Venerated in popular epics and legends, the Baitarani River is a source of water for agricultural irrigation. The coastal plain of Odisha has the name of "Hexadeltaic region" or the "Gift of Six Rivers". These deltas divide the coastal plain into three regions from north to south. The Baitarani, the Mahanadi and the Brahmani rivers form the Middle Coastal Plain, with evidence of past "back bays" and present lakes.
Sources
The Baitarani originates from the Gonasika/Guptaganga (Cow Nose Shaped) hills, and starts flowing over a stone looking like the nostril of a cow. Afterwards for about half a kilometre the river flows underground and is not visible from outside. The Baitarani is known here by the name Guptaganga or the Gupta Baitarani, in Gonasika of Keonjhar district in Odisha state of India at an elevation of above sea level. The uppermost part of the river, about in length, flows in a northerly direction; then it changes its path suddenly by 90 degrees and flows eastward. The beginning portion of Baitarani acts as the small part of boundary between the states of Odisha and Jharkhand.
Course
The river enters a plain at Anandapur and creates a deltaic zone at Akhuapada. The river travels a distance of to drain into the Bay of Bengal after joining of the Brahmani at Dhamra mouth near Chandabali. The river has 65 tributaries, of which 35 join from the left side and 30 join from the right side. The river basin in Odisha is spread among 42 blocks of eight districts. Budhi, Kanjori, Ambajhara, Mushal, Kusei, Salandi are some of the tributaries of Baitarani.
Location
A major portion of the river basin lies within the state of Odisha, while a small patch of the upper reach lies in Jharkhand state. The upper Baitarani basin on the western slopes of the Eastern Ghats, comprising the Panposh-Keonjhar-Pallahara plateau, is one of the two plateaus forming "The Central Plateaus"—one of Odisha's five major morphological regions.
Dams and barrages
Dams and barrages on the Baitarani and its major tributary, the Salandi, irrigate . The proposed Bhimkund and upper Baitarani multi-purpose projects envisage many more dams across this river and its tributaries to provide irrigation to more than .
A new barrage was established near Anandapur and it was inaugurated by the CM of Odisha, Naveen Patnaik.
Flooding
Flooding is a regular phenomenon in the Baitarani basin. The inhabitants, near the river, live in a fear of loss to life and property. Even a two-day rain in July 2005 caused the river to overflow its banks, affecting 140,000 people in 220 villages of Jajpur and Bhadrak districts. In at least two places the embankments were breached and marooning occurred, inflicting massive losses of life and property. Apart from the long pending construction of a dam at Bhimkund and proposed other measures like river bed excavation and construction of embankments etc. in the deltaic region, there remain the unaddressed land use issues in the upstream, to which, till date, no serious thoughts or efforts have been directed.
Industry and water quality
Due to drainage into the Bay of Bengal, its water become salty as it heads towards the end of the River.
Baitarani basin, with its rich mineral and agricultural resources and with availability of cheap labour, offered an ideal ground for establishment and operation of various industries. However, the principal development activities in the industrial, agricultural and mining sectors have contributed significantly towards deterioration in the water quality.
Cultural impact
It forms part of the boundary between Balasore district and Undivided Cuttack district. There is a saying that "he who bathes in it and gives alms will always be free from torments inflicted by Yama."
The district Jajpur is the gift of river Baitarani. Historical evidences show early civilization on the bank of this river. Currently the district is subject to massive floods which are common during monsoon.
|
Baitarani River
|
Kirill Gerstein () (born 23 October 1979) is a Russian-American concert pianist. He is the sixth recipient of the Gilmore Artist Award. Born in the former Soviet Union, Gerstein is an American citizen based in Berlin. Between 2007-2017, he led piano classes at the Stuttgart Musik Hochschule. In 2018, he took up the post of Professor of Piano at the Hanns Eisler Hochschule in Berlin in addition to the Kronberg Academy’s Sir András Schiff Performance Programme for Young Artists.
Early life and education
Gerstein was born in Voronezh in the former Soviet Union to a Russian Jewish family and began playing the piano at the age of two. At the age of 12, he won his first competition - the International Bach Competition in Gorzów, Poland. Though he formally studied classical piano, he also learned to play jazz by listening to his parents' record collection. At the age of 14, he met jazz vibraphonist Gary Burton at a festival in St. Petersburg which led to a full-scholarship offer to study jazz piano at Boston's Berklee College of Music. Gerstein was the youngest student ever admitted to the school.
Following his time at Berklee, Gerstein attended New York's Manhattan School of Music, where he studied with Solomon Mikowsky, earning both his Bachelor's and Master's of Music degrees in four years. He continued his studies in Madrid with Dmitri Bashkirov at Queen Sofía College of Music and in Budapest with Ferenc Rados.
Career
Kirill Gerstein made his major orchestral debut in September 2000 performing Brahms's Piano Concerto No. 1 with David Zinman and the Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich and has since built a career as a major international concert artist.
As a soloist, Gerstein has performed with the National Symphony Orchestra, the Los Angeles and New York Philharmonics, the Philadelphia and Minnesota Orchestras, and the Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Dallas, Detroit, Houston, Indianapolis, Montreal, St. Louis, San Francisco, and Toronto Symphonies, among other North American orchestras. Abroad, he has performed with such orchestras as the Berlin, Czech, Munich, Rotterdam, and London Philharmonics, the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, Staatskapelle Dresden, Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Tonkünstler Orchestra in Vienna, WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne, and the Zürich Tonhalle, as well as with the NHK Symphony Orchestra in Tokyo and the Taipei Symphony Orchestra.
Gerstein's festival appearances include engagements with the Aspen Music Festival, Blossom Festival with the Cleveland Orchestra, Chicago's Grant Park Music Festival, Ravinia Festival with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Tanglewood with the Boston Symphony, Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival, and—with the Philadelphia Orchestra—Bravo! Vail, Mann Music Center, and Saratoga Chamber Music Festival. He debuted at the Salzburg Festival playing solo repertoire and piano-duo works with András Schiff. He has also performed at the Lucerne Festival, Jerusalem International Chamber Music Festival, and the BBC Proms.
Early honors and awards include First Prize at the 2001 Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition and the 2002 Gilmore Young Artist Award.
In January 2010, Gerstein was announced as the sixth recipient of the Gilmore Artist Award, which recognizes "extraordinary piano artistry" once every four years with a $300,000 prize. Previous winners include Leif Ove Andsnes from Norway, Piotr Anderszewski from Poland, and Ingrid Fliter from Argentina. With the prize money, Gerstein has been able to commission new works from Timo Andres, Chick Corea, Alexander Goehr, Oliver Knussen, Thomas Adès and Brad Mehldau, with additional commissions scheduled for future performance.
In April 2010, Gerstein was awarded Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Career Grant.
In 2015, Gerstein's recording of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 and Prokofiev's Piano Concerto No. 2, with the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin led by James Gaffigan, was honored with an ECHO Klassik Award as the "Concerto Recording of the Year." This recording marked the world premiere of the Tchaikovsky concerto in its 1879 urtext edition, which reflects the way the composer himself conducted the concerto before a series of posthumous edits were made to the score. Based on Tchaikovsky's own conducting score from his last public concert, the new critical edition was published in 2015 by the Tchaikovsky Museum in Klin, tying in with Tchaikovsky's 175th anniversary and marking 140 years since the concerto's world premiere in Boston, in 1875. For the recording, Kirill was granted special pre-publication access to the new edition.
On March 15, 2022, he was the soloist of Ravel’s concerto for the left hand in the concert given at the Berliner Philharmonie in support of the Ukrainian people, with the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin under Alan Gilbert.
Awards
2001: Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition, First Prize
2002: Gilmore Young Artist Award
2010: Gilmore Artist Award
2010: Avery Fisher Career Grant
Discography
Kirill Gerstein records for the Cologne-based independent record label myrios classics but has also appeared on recordings released by Deutsche Grammophon, Decca Classics and LAWO Classics.
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Kirill Gerstein
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Theodbert (also Theodebert, Theudebert, Theotpert, and Theodo) ( 685 – c. 719) was the duke of Bavaria in some capacity or other from 702 to his death. He was the eldest son of Duke Theodo of Bavaria and Folchaid. He was first associated with his father as duke in 702, ruling from Salzburg. In 711, his younger brother Theobald was co-ruling as well and his father was making plans for a fourfold division of the duchy on his death. Sometime before 715, the division was given, but whether territorial or coregent is not known. If the former, the dioceses set up by Theodo probably corresponded to the duchies of his sons. In that scenario, Theodbert probably had his seat at Salzburg, as since 702.
His father did have him swear to always defend Rupert of Salzburg when he transferred the government to Theodbert. Theodbert also provided military help to Ansprand and Liutprand in their reconquest of Italy in 712.
After Theodo's death, the four brothers warred with each other, but all were dead by 719 save Grimoald, who thereafter ruled alone until his own death. Theodbert had married Regintrude and had a son and a daughter: Hugbert, the only grandson of Theodo II, who inherited the duchy united after Grimoald's death, and Guntrude, who married Liutprand.
680s births
710s deaths
8th-century dukes of Bavaria
Agilolfings
Baiuvarii
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Theodbert of Bavaria
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Kyiv Planetarium (previously Republican Planetarium; ) in Kyiv, Ukraine is one of the largest planetaria in former Soviet states. Opened on January 1, 1952, by the initiative of the scientist-astronomer Serhiy Vsekhsviatskiy (1905–1984), the planetarium has a dome of 23.5 meters in diameter, and seats 320 people.
In 1987, Kyiv Planetarium moved to new premises on the street. Red Army, 57 /3, (now Velyka Vasylkivska Street 57/3) where it remains to this day. The new building was equipped with an optomechanical projector "Large Zeiss IV», allowing to demonstrate the 6500 stars of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The planetarium offers lectures on astronomy, geography, natural history. When the children's planetarium astronomical school for students 6–11 years of age and art studio. Kyiv Planetarium is a division of the Society "Knowledge" of Ukraine.
Atmasfera 360
In December 2011 an entertainment center ATMASFERA 360 was founded on the basis of the planetarium. Specifications of the dome: diameter — 23 meters, the height of the dome — 11.5 meters. It is equipped with a modern 4k digital projection system supplied by a Ukrainian company Front Pictures. The system uses 15 projectors which work on a single Screenberry media server. Due to digital autocalibration system, the calibration process takes up to 15 minutes and includes all 5 stages:
Geometric alignment
Edge blending
Brightness uniformity
Gamma matching
Black level compensation
Atmasfera 360 is equipped with a software, Event Horizon. Event Horizon is a real-time 3D fulldome environment that visualizes and simulates the known Universe according to accurate, up-to-date scientific data. The software is based on the latest Unreal Engine technology and provides up to 4K resolution graphics which, combined with a beautiful soundtrack, gives a revolutionary viewing experience.
Kyiv Planetarium
The planetarium underwent a rebranding and technological upgrade in 2016. It received the name "Kyiv Planetarium". The fulldome auditorium was reequipped with a Front Pictures DX12 software and hardware complex. The 4K digital projection system was synchronized with Zeiss IV Planetarium. Apart from screening fulldome shows, the software installed in the planetarium also allows interactive lectures to be held with SpaceTime360™, presentations with Presenter360™, and the entertaining of visitors with music visualizer Meduza360™.
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Kyiv Planetarium
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"Lay Down Your Arms" is a 1956 popular music song with music by Åke Gerhard and Leon Landgren and lyrics by Gerhard (original "Anne-Caroline" Swedish) and Paddy Roberts (English).
Recorded Versions
In the United States, the biggest hit version was recorded by The Chordettes, reaching No. 16 on the Billboard chart.
In the United Kingdom, Forces sweetheart Anne Shelton had the major hit, reaching No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart, and stayed in the Top Twenty for 14 weeks. Initially the BBC took a dim view of the song as it might have encouraged British troops to 'lay down their guns', at a difficult time of the post-Suez crisis and the conflict in Cyprus with EOKA. The ban was soon lifted when many requested it on "Two-Way Family Favourites", a popular Sunday lunchtime radio show. Another UK version was recorded by Billie Anthony.
Song in Media
The song was also used in a British television play written by Dennis Potter called Lay Down Your Arms, which was screened on 23 May 1970. The play is set during the Suez crisis of 1956.
See also
List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 1950s
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Lay Down Your Arms (1956 song)
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Space Songs is an album in the "Ballads For The Age of Science" or "Singing Science" series of scientific music for children from the late 1950s and early 1960s. Songs were written by Hy Zaret (lyrics) and Lou Singer (music). "Space Songs" was released in 1959 by Hy Zaret's label "Motivation Records" (a division of Argosy Music Corp.) and was performed by Tom Glazer and Dottie Evans.
Other albums in the "Ballads for the Age of Science" series were: "Energy and Motion Songs," performed by Tom Glazer and Dottie Evans; "Weather Songs," performed by Tom Glazer and The Weathervanes; "Experiment Songs," performed by Dorothy Collins; "Nature Songs," and "More Nature Songs," both performed by Marais and Miranda.
Track listing
"Zoom a Little Zoom"
"What is the Milky Way?"
"Constellation Jig"
"Beep, Beep"
"Why Does the Sun Shine?"
"What is a Shooting Star?"
"Longitude and Latitude"
"It's a Scientific Fact"
"Ballad of Sir Isaac Newton"
"Friction"
"Why Are Stars of Different Colors?"
"Why Do Stars Twinkle?"
"What is Gravity?"
"Planet Minuet"
"Why Go Up There?"
Space Songs in popular media
Isaac Asimov wrote an essay called "Catskills in the Sky" which appeared in the August 1960 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. He tells an anecdote about his children receiving this album as a present. He liked the music so much, especially the song "Why Go Up There," that he appropriated the album for his own record collection. (And in the essay, gives reasons as why mankind should "go up there.")
Japanese electronic music producer and DJ Yoshinori Sunahara sampled "Zoom a Little Zoom" in his song "Journey Beyond the Stars", which featured on his 1998 album Take Off and Landing.
The song "Zoom a Little Zoom" has notably been used in the popular online vlog Rocketboom as its theme song.
On September 27, 2005 episode of Rocketboom featured the songs "Why Do Stars Twinkle?" and "Beep,Beep".
The band They Might Be Giants has recorded cover versions of two Space Songs, "Why Does The Sun Shine?", and "What Is A Shooting Star? (A Shooting Star Is Not A Star)", as well as a reply to the former called "Why Does the Sun Really Shine?" which corrects scientific errors in the original.
In 2008 Chloé Leloup, Miss LaLaVox und Achim Treu reworked the album under the title "The Space Songs - Ballads for the Age of Science". The album was released on the label Sopot Records.
The lyrics of the first stanza of "Why Does the Sun Shine?" also appear verbatim in the book Stars: A Golden Guide, apart from the omission of "its core is" before "a gigantic nuclear furnace".
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Space Songs
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Nisse is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Borsele, and lies about 17 km east of Middelburg.
Nisse was a separate municipality until 1970, when it was merged with Borsele.
Nisse is one of seventeen protected city- and village views in Zeeland. There is a 15th-century church with 14th century tower, containing frescoes and wood carvings. The village square, restored in 1975, has a bandstand, an 18th-century water pump and a vaete - a waterhole formerly used by cattle, now commonly in use as a duck pond.
Nisse's surrounding countryside consists of meadows with hawthorn hedges and welen - a type of open water - and is loved by both hikers and cyclists. Fruit cultivation is the most practiced form of agriculture.
Yearly events include a jumble sale with proceeds going to the local church, the music festival Pastorale au Parvis, the running competition Meidoornloop, and village fête Schaapscheerdersfeest, until the latter's cancellation in 2011 and subsequent years.
Gallery
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Nisse, Netherlands
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The parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives manages, supervises, and administers the Office of the Parliamentarian, which is responsible for advising the House's presiding officers, members, and staff on procedural questions under the U.S. Constitution and House rules and precedents, as well as for preparing, compiling, and publishing the precedents of the House.
Role
The parliamentarian is appointed by the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the position. Advice from the parliamentarian's office is confidential upon request.
The parliamentarian, or an assistant parliamentarian, usually sits or stands to the right of the Speaker or Speaker pro tempore (or the Chair of the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, when the House has resolved into that forum) and advises that presiding officer how to respond to such things as parliamentary inquiries, points of order, and the ordinary workings of the procedures of the House.
The legitimacy of parliamentary procedure in the House depends on nonpartisan procedural advice that is transparently consistent. The parliamentarian achieves the requisite consistency by fidelity to precedent, and the requisite transparency by publication. The publications of the Office of the Parliamentarian range from a biennial deskbook to a decennial hornbook to a perennial series of formal precedents. The House Rules and Manual – comprising the Constitution, Jefferson’s Manual, and the rules of the House, each with parliamentary annotations – is the biennial publication that ensures that legislative practitioners have access to the most up-to-date citations of authority on legislative and parliamentary procedure. As such it might be the single most useful tool a legislative practitioner could have.
Probably the most important job of the Office of the Parliamentarian in the long term is the compilation of the precedents. The commitment of the House to the principle of stare decisis in its procedural practice – the idea that fidelity to precedent cultivates levels of consistency and transparency that, in turn, foster fairness in the resolution of questions of order – depends implicitly on the compilation of precedents. Being rigorous about what constitutes actual legal precedent and striving to apply pertinent precedent to each procedural question engenders consistency, and therefore transparency, in procedural practice and, consequently, enhances the perceived legitimacy and fairness, and therefore the integrity, of the proceedings of the House.
Parliamentarians
The position of parliamentarian was previously known as the "Clerk at the Speaker's table," in which capacity the noted parliamentarian Asher Hinds served as an adviser to the powerful Speakers "Czar" Reed and "Uncle Joe" Cannon, who used precedent and procedure to facilitate their assertive management of House business (both were excoriated by opponents as "czarlike" or "tyrannical").
A parliamentarian has been appointed by the speaker in every Congress since 1927. In the 95th Congress, the House formally established an Office of the Parliamentarian to be managed by a nonpartisan parliamentarian appointed by the speaker (). The compilation and distribution of the precedents of the House are authorized by law (, et seq.). The current parliamentarian is Jason A. Smith.
The following have served as House parliamentarian:
See also
Parliamentarian of the United States Senate
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Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives
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Army Education Corps may refer to:
Army Education Corps (India), a corps of the Indian Army
Royal Army Educational Corps, a corps of the British Army
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Army Education Corps
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Kaskenmoor School was a mixed gender comprehensive secondary school for 11- to 16-year-old children in the Hollinwood area of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. It also had a 6th form consisting of the Upper and Lower 6th, catering for 16 to 18 year olds who studied for their A levels.
The school had approximately 750 pupils in attendance. When it opened in the mid-1960s, Kaskenmoor was an amalgamation of Greenhill Grammar School and Hollinwood Secondary Modern School, and was called Kaskenmoor Comprehensive School. The top three classes were grammar school classes and the bottom three were secondary modern classes, each for the most part keeping their own teachers. The headmaster Mr. Edwin Grey, and the teachers from the grammar school continued to wear their gowns at morning assembly and some in class too.
The school uniform was modernised in line with the 1960s fashion. The school blazer was collar-less in charcoal with a green ribbon trim, and straw boaters were introduced, but short-lived. Summer dresses were no longer old fashioned gingham shirt-waisters, but a bold design, in two tone green, shift dress.
The school had a state of the art craft block which included ceramics, art, metalwork and woodwork. The new building was featured on a BBC TV documentary.
In 2005 Park Dean, Marland Fold and Hill Top Special schools joined the Kaskenmoor campus founding the new special needs school New Bridge. Kaskenmoor's motto was "Building a Community of Learners". Because the school was built on marshlands of Oldham there were four separate buildings in the campus.
Kaskenmoor has now been amalgamated with South Chadderton School to become Oasis Academy Oldham.
Defunct schools in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
Schools in Oldham
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Kaskenmoor School
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Kiss (Korea International Super Star, stylized as KISS) was a South Korean female pop trio. Their debut single "Because I'm a Girl" () was a 2001 hit. The music video stars actress Goo Hye-Joo, and actor Shin Hyun-joon, which increased initial public interest in the song. The song remained a karaoke staple in Korea for many years.
This helped to launch the career of Kiss, with an album quickly following. However, the group quickly disbanded afterwards, due to internal conflict that could not be resolved.
After the group's break-up, Umji became an actress and married, Jini returned to the States and continued her singing career.
"Because I'm a Girl" has been covered by numerous artists, including South Korean female duo 2NB and solo singer Ben.
The group reunited to perform their main hit "Because I'm a Girl" on June 21, 2016 through variety show Two Yoo Project Sugar Man (Episode 36). It was revealed on the show the reason for the group's breakup was surfacing of news that one of the members was dating, a matter that Korean label companies usually controls tightly on their talents.
Discography
Studio Album
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Kiss (South Korean group)
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Panchaloha (), also called Pañcadhātu (), is a term for traditional five-metal alloys of sacred significance, used for making Hindu temple murti and jewelry.
Composition
The composition is laid down in the Shilpa shastras, a collection of ancient texts that describe arts, crafts, and their design rules, principles and standards. Panchaloha is traditionally described as an alloy of Gold, Silver, Copper, Zinc, and Iron. It is believed that wearing jewellery made of such an alloy brings balance in life, self-confidence, good health, fortune, prosperity, and peace of mind.
In Tibetan culture, it was considered auspicious to use thokcha (meteoric iron) either as a component of the alloy in general or for a specific object or purpose. The amount used could vary, depending upon the material's availability and suitability, among other considerations. A small, largely symbolic quantity of "sky-iron" might be added, or it might be included as a significant part of the alloy-recipe.
See also
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Panchaloha
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Strike Reconnaissance Group was a Royal Australian Air Force group responsible for operating the RAAF's F-111 aircraft. On 1 January 2002 it was combined with Tactical Fighter Group to form Air Combat Group.
RAAF groups
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Strike Reconnaissance Group RAAF
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Genuine Fractals is a Photoshop plug-in developed and distributed by onOne Software of Portland, Oregon. The original Windows version of Genuine Fractals was designed and developed by Altamira Group in Burbank, California under team leader Steven Bender in 1996. In 1997, Altamira released the Robert McNally-developed Version 2.0 on the Macintosh Platform and the redesigned Windows Version 2.0 product. The Genuine Fractals products were acquired by LizardTech in June 2001, before ultimately being acquired by onOne Software in July 2005.
As of version 7.0, the product was called Perfect Resize, and as of version 10, ON1 Resize. There are two main features in the Genuine Fractals plug-in. First is a feature to save image files in either FIF (Fractal Image Format) or its proprietary STN multi-resolution wavelet format. This format offers file compression ratios around 2:1 for lossless and 5:1 for visually lossless. The second main feature of Genuine Fractals is a scaling algorithm based on the use of PIFS (partitioned iterated function systems). When scaling up, Genuine Fractals exploits the self-similarity of an image to increase its size while preserving detail.
In 1997, Genuine Fractals won a MacWorld Eddy, notable also because Genuine Fractals was the first product developed on PC and ported to Mac to win an EDDY.
See also
Fractal
Mandelbrot
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Genuine Fractals
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Reality Check is the seventh studio album by American rapper Juvenile. The album was released on March 7, 2006, by UTP Records and Atlantic Records. The album features guest appearances from Paul Wall, Mike Jones, Fat Joe and Ludacris, among others.
Reality Check was supported by three singles "Rodeo", "Get Ya Hustle On" and "Way I Be Leanin'". The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 174,000 copies its first week. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
Singles
The album's lead single "Rodeo"; it was produced by Cool & Dre was released. The single had charted on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at a modest number 41.
The album's second single "Get Ya Hustle On"; it was produced by Donald XL Robertson was released. The song describes as a scathing indictment for the local government and the media's response from the 2005's Hurricane Katrina, including lyrics such as "The mayor ain't your friend, he's the enemy––just to get your vote, a saint is what he pretend to be" and "Fuck Fox News I don't listen to y'all ass, couldn't get a nigga off the roof when the storm passed."
The album's third single "Way I Be Leanin'" featuring Mike Jones, Paul Wall; along with his label-mates Wacko and Skip was released. The music video for "Way I Be Leanin'" premiered on MTV's Making the Video.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
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Reality Check (Juvenile album)
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Our Lady of Bethlehem Abbey, a Cistercian monastery in Portglenone, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, was founded in 1948 by Mount Melleray Abbey in County Waterford. The monks bought Portglenone House, a country mansion built about the year 1810 by the Church of Ireland Bishop, Dr. Alexander who demolished the local castle. History records that Sir Roger Casement often stayed in the house in the early years of the 20th century.
Despite opposition from local Protestants, the monastery succeeded in establishing itself in the locality and ran a successful dairy farm for many years. Our Lady of Bethlehem Abbey was the first enclosed monastery of men to be established in Northern Ireland since the Reformation.
The monastery belongs to the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (OCSO), also known as Trappists, who follow the Rule of St Benedict, but emphasise some of the more austere and penitential aspects of the Rule such as strict silence, abstention from meat, early rising and physical work.
In the 1960s, the community built a new monastery designed in a modern style by Padraig Ó Muireadhaigh. The building has won several architectural awards. To establish continuity with the Order's past, stones from some of the pre-Reformation Irish Cistercian abbeys were incorporated in the church and cloisters.
Abbots
1953 - Abbot Oliver Farrell - Superior from 1948-1953
1958 - Abbot Aengus Dunphy (1921-2014) - subsequently from 1979-1991 he was chaplain in Our Lady of Praise, Butende.
1977 - Abbot Celsus Kelly
See also
Abbeys and priories
in Northern Ireland (County Antrim)
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Portglenone Abbey
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Liam Ahern (12 January 1916 – 13 July 1974) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served in both Dáil Éireann and Seanad Éireann.
Early and personal life
Ahern's father, Eamon Ahern (1882–1953), was a member of Cork County Council from 1919 to 1953. He was a member of the IRA and the IRB. On Eamons' death, Liam was co-opted onto the council. Ahern's uncle, John Dinneen, was also a member of the Dáil between 1922 and 1927. Liam's uncle, Maurice Ahern (1899–1950), was captain of the East Cork 4th Battalion Number One Brigade of the IRA.
Liams' son Michael Ahern was a Fianna Fáil TD for Cork East from 1982 to 2011. Another son, auctioneer Maurice Ahern was a long-standing Fianna Fáil councillor for the Midleton electoral area of Cork County Council from 1979 to 2009. Liam's grand-daughter Ann-Marie Ahern was co-opted by Fianna Fáil to Cork County Council in 2020.
Political career
A farmer and agricultural contractor, Ahern was first elected to the 9th Seanad in 1957 on the Labour Panel. In 1961 he was returned to the 10th Seanad on the Administrative Panel, and re-elected by the same panel to the 11th Seanad in 1965.
At the 1969 general election, he stood for election to the 19th Dáil in the Cork North-East constituency, but was narrowly beaten by his Fianna Fáil colleague Seán Brosnan. After his defeat, Ahern was returned to the 12th Seanad by the Administrative Panel.
At the 1973 general election, he again contested Cork North-East, where he came fourth out of the four successful candidates, unseating the sitting Fianna Fáil TD Seán Brosnan. A Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition government under Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave took power at that election, ending a sixteen-year period of Fianna Fáil government, and Ahern found himself in opposition for the first time in his career in the Oireachtas. He caused a minor sensation during the Dáil debate on the seizure of IRA arms on the MV Claudia in May 1973 when he shouted out, "More guns we want, bags of guns."
He died in July 1974 at the age of 58, triggering a by-election on 13 November 1974 in which his seat was retained for Fianna Fáil by Seán Brosnan.
See also
Families in the Oireachtas
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Liam Ahern
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Southern University at Shreveport (SUSLA) is a junior college in Shreveport, Louisiana. It is part of the historically black Southern University System. SUSLA, pushed to fruition by the administration of Governor John J. McKeithen, opened for instruction on September 19, 1967. At the same time a second junior college, Louisiana State University at Shreveport, also opened. LSUS later became began offering bachelor's degrees but SUSLA remains a junior college. The university is a member-school of Thurgood Marshall College Fund.
The primary emphasis of SUSLA was to serve the Shreveport-Bossier City metro area. SUSLA is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award associate degrees in various fields of study.
On October 28, 1974, the Louisiana Board of Regents, then called the Coordinating Council for Higher Education, granted to the institution approval for six associate degree programs in business, humanities, medical office assistant, natural sciences, office administration, and social sciences. In 1978, it added an associate degree in medical laboratory technology.
Among the buildings at SUSLA is Stone Hall, named for the late Southern University System president Jesse N. Stone, Jr. Inside Stone Hall is the J. Bennett Johnston, Jr. Video Conferencing Center, named for the former U.S. senator from Shreveport.
Athletics
The Port City Jaguars and Lady Jaguars are composed of 2 athletic teams representing Southern University at Shreveport in intercollegiate athletics, including men's and women's basketball. The Jaguars and Lady Jaguars compete in National Junior College Athletic Association Division I, Region 23. The SUSLA sports teams are members of the MISS-LOU Junior College Conference.
The Jaguars and Lady Jaguars basketball teams play at the Health and Physical Education Complex.
Notable alumni
Ollie Tyler, mayor of Shreveport; did graduate study at the Southern Shreveport campus
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Southern University at Shreveport
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Instruction of Amenemope (also called Instructions of Amenemopet, Wisdom of Amenemopet) is a literary work composed in Ancient Egypt, most likely during the Ramesside Period (ca. 1300–1075 BCE); it contains thirty chapters of advice for successful living, ostensibly written by the scribe Amenemope son of Kanakht as a legacy for his son. A characteristic product of the New Kingdom "Age of Personal Piety", the work reflects on the inner qualities, attitudes, and behaviors required for a happy life in the face of increasingly difficult social and economic circumstances. It is widely regarded as one of the masterpieces of ancient near-eastern wisdom literature and has been of particular interest to modern scholars because of its similarity to the later biblical Book of Proverbs.
Overview
Amenemope belongs to the literary genre of "instruction" (Egyptian sebayt). It is the culmination of centuries of development going back to the Instruction of Ptahhotep in the Old Kingdom but reflects a shift in values characteristic of the New Kingdom's "Age of Personal Piety": away from material success attained through practical action, and towards inner peace achieved through patient endurance and passive acceptance of an inscrutable divine will. The author takes for granted the principles of natural law and concentrates on the deeper matters of conscience. He urges the reader to defend the weaker classes of society and to respect the elderly, widows and the poor, while he condemns abuses of power or authority.
The author draws an emphatic contrast between the "silent man", who goes about his business without drawing attention or demanding his rights, and the "heated man", who makes a nuisance of himself and presses petty grievances. Contrary to worldly expectation, the author assures that the former will ultimately receive divine blessing, while the latter will inevitably go to destruction. Amenemope counsels modesty, self-control, generosity, and scrupulous honesty, while discouraging pride, impetuosity, self-advancement, fraud, and perjury—not only out of respect for Maat, the cosmic principle of right order, but also because "attempts to gain advantage to the detriment of others incur condemnation, confuse the plans of god, and lead inexorably to disgrace and punishment."
Witnesses and publication
The most complete text of the Instruction of Amenemope is British Museum Papyrus 10474, acquired in Thebes by E. A. Wallis Budge in early 1888. The scroll is approximately long by wide; the obverse side contains the hieratic text of the Instruction, while the reverse side is filled with a miscellany of lesser texts, including a "Calendar of Lucky and Unlucky Days", hymns to the sun and moon, and part of an onomasticon by another author of the same name. In November 1888, Peter le Page Renouf, Keeper of the Department of Oriental Antiquities at the British Museum (and Budge's supervisor), made mention of a "remarkable passage" from the papyrus and quoted a few words from it in an otherwise unrelated article about the story of Joseph in the Book of Genesis; but Renouf was forced into retirement in 1891, and publication of the papyrus was delayed for more than three decades while Budge concentrated on other projects such as the Book of the Dead.
In 1922 Budge finally published a short account of the text along with brief hieroglyphic extracts and translations in a French academic work, followed in 1923 by the official British Museum publication of the full text in photofacsimile with hieroglyphic transcription and translation. In 1924 he went over the same ground again in a somewhat more popular vein, including a more extensive commentary. Subsequent publications of BM 10474 in hieroglyphic transcription include those of H.O. Lange (1925), J. Ruffle (1964), and V. Laisney (2007). Photographic copies of the papyrus are available from the British Museum.
Since the initial publication of BM 10474, additional fragments of Amenemope have been identified on a scrap of papyrus, four writing tablets, an ostracon, and a graffito, bringing the total number of witnesses to eight. Unfortunately, none of the other texts is very extensive, and the British Museum papyrus remains the primary witness to the text. As can be seen from the following table, the dates assigned by scholars to the various witnesses range from a maximum of ca. 1069 BCE (for the papyrus fragment and one of the writing tablets) down to a minimum of ca. 500 BCE (for BM 10474):
Biblical parallels
Egyptian influence on Israel and Judah was particularly strong in the reign of Hezekiah during Egypt's Third Intermediate Period; as a result, "Hebrew literature is permeated with concepts and figures derived from the didactic treatises of Egypt", with Amenemope often cited as the foremost example. Even in his first brief publication of excerpts from Amenemope in 1922, Budge noted its obvious resemblance to the biblical wisdom books. He amplified these comments in his 1923 and 1924 publications, observing that the religiously based morality of Amenemope "closely resembles" the precepts of the Hebrew Bible, and adducing specific parallels between Amenemope and texts in Proverbs, Psalms, and Deuteronomy. Others soon followed his lead.
Erman's position
The most notable of these was Adolf Erman, "the Dean of all Egyptologists", who in 1924 published an extensive list of correspondences between the texts of Amenemope and the biblical Book of Proverbs, with the bulk of them concentrated in Proverbs 22:17–23:11. It was Erman who used Amenemope to emend a difficult reading in the text of Proverbs 22:20, where the Hebrew word shilshom ("three days ago") appeared to be a copyist's error that could be meaningfully translated only with difficulty. Erman pointed out that substituting the similar word sheloshim ("thirty") not only made good sense in context, but yielded the following close parallel between the two texts, with the now-restored "thirty sayings" in Proverbs 22:20 corresponding exactly to the thirty numbered chapters in Amenemope:
(Proverbs 22:20): "Have I not written for you thirty sayings of counsel and knowledge?" (ESV)
(Amenemope, ch. 30, line 539): "Look to these thirty chapters; they inform, they educate."
Erman also argued that this correspondence demonstrated that the Hebrew text had been influenced by the Egyptian instead of the other way around, since the Egyptian text of Amenemope explicitly enumerates thirty chapters whereas the Hebrew text of Proverbs does not have such clear-cut divisions, and would therefore be more likely to lose the original meaning during copying. Since Erman's time there has been a near consensus among scholars that there exists a literary connection between the two works, although the direction of influence remains contentious even today. The majority has concluded that Proverbs 22:17–23:10 was dependent on Amenemope; a minority is split between viewing the Hebrew text as the original inspiration for Amenemope and viewing both works as dependent on a now lost Semitic source.
The majority position
A major factor in determining the direction of influence is the date at which Amenemope was composed. At one time the mid-1st millennium BC was put forward as a likely date for the composition of Amenemope, which gave some support to the argument for the priority of Proverbs. However, Jaroslav Černý, whose authority on New Kingdom paleography was so great that his conclusions were considered "unquestionable", dated the fragmentary Amenemope text on the Cairo 1840 ostracon to the late 21st dynasty. Since a 21st-dynasty date inevitably makes Amenemope chronologically prior to the earliest possible date for Proverbs, this would definitively establish the priority of Amenemope over Proverbs and make influence in the other direction impossible.
Other evidence for Egyptian priority includes:
the close literary relationship between Amenemope and earlier Ancient Egyptian works such as the Instruction of Kagemni and the Instruction of Ptahhotep (both dated to at least the 12th dynasty) and the Instruction of Ani (dated to the late 18th or early 19th dynasty);
the demonstrably native Egyptian character of the genre, themes, and vocabulary of Amenemope;
the discovery of the editorial and structural mechanisms by which the Egyptian original was adapted by the biblical author.
By the 1960s there was a virtual consensus among scholars in support of the priority of Amenemope and its influence on Proverbs. For example, John A. Wilson declared in the mid-20th century: "[W]e believe that there is a direct connection between these two pieces of wisdom literature, and that Amen-em-Opet was the ancestor text. The secondary nature of the Hebrew seems established." Many study Bibles and commentaries followed suit, including the Jerusalem Bible, introductions to the Old Testament by Pfeiffer and Eissfeldt, and others. The translators of the Catholic New American Bible, reflecting and extending this agreement, even went so far as to emend the obscure Hebrew text of Proverbs 22:19 (traditionally translated as "I have made known to you this day, even to you") to read "I make known to you the words of Amen-em-Ope."
The minority response
R. N. Whybray, who at one point supported the majority position, changed sides during the 1990s and cast doubt on the relationship between Amenemope and Proverbs, while still acknowledging certain affinities. He argued, in part, that only some of the topics in the Egyptian text can be found in Proverbs 22:17–24:22 and that their sequence differs. J. A. Emerton and Nili Shupak have subsequently argued strongly against Whybray's conclusions. John Ruffle takes a more conservative approach: "The connection so casually assumed is often very superficial, rarely more than similarity of subject matter, often quite differently treated and does not survive detailed examination. I believe it can merit no more definite verdict than 'not proven' and that it certainly does not exist to the extent that is often assumed", and "The parallels that I have drawn between [the huehuetlatolli of the Aztecs], (recorded by Bernardino de Sahagún in the 1500s) and ancient Near Eastern wisdom are in no way exhaustive, but the fact that they can be produced so easily underlines what should be obvious anyway, that such precepts and images are universally acceptable and hence that similar passages may occur in Proverbs and Amenemope simply by coincidence."
Comparison of texts
A number of passages in the Instruction of Amenemope have been compared with the Book of Proverbs, including:
(Proverbs 22:17–18): "Incline thine ear, and hear the words of the wise, And apply thine heart to my doctrine; For it is pleasant if thou keep them in thy belly, that they may be established together upon thy lips"
(Amenemope, ch. 1): "Give thine ear, and hear what I say, And apply thine heart to apprehend; It is good for thee to place them in thine heart, let them rest in the casket of thy belly; That they may act as a peg upon thy tongue"
(Proverbs 22:22): "Rob not the poor, for he is poor, neither oppress (or crush) the lowly in the gate."
(Amenemope, ch. 2): "Beware of robbing the poor, and oppressing the afflicted."
(Proverbs 22:24–5): "Do not befriend the man of anger, Nor go with a wrathful man, Lest thou learn his ways and take a snare for thy soul."
(Amenemope, ch. 10): "Associate not with a passionate man, Nor approach him for conversation; Leap not to cleave to such an one; That terror carry thee not away."
(Proverbs 22:29): "[if you] You see a man quick in his work, before kings will he stand, before cravens, he will not stand."
(Amenemope, ch. 30): "A scribe who is skillful in his business findeth worthy to be a courtier"
(Proverbs 23:1): "When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, Consider diligently what is before thee; And put a knife to thy throat, If thou be a man given to appetite. Be not desirous of his dainties, for they are breads of falsehood."
(Amenemope, ch. 23): "Eat not bread in the presence of a ruler, And lunge not forward(?) with thy mouth before a governor(?). When thou art replenished with that to which thou has no right, It is only a delight to thy spittle. Look upon the dish that is before thee, And let that (alone) supply thy need." (see above)
(Proverbs 23:4–5): "Toil not to become rich, And cease from dishonest gain; For wealth maketh to itself wings, Like an eagle that flieth heavenwards"
(Amenemope, ch. 7): "Toil not after riches; If stolen goods are brought to thee, they remain not over night with thee. They have made themselves wings like geese. And have flown into the heavens."
(Proverbs 23:9): "Speak not in the hearing of a fool, for he will despise the wisdom of thy words"
(Amenemope, ch. 21): "Empty not thine inmost soul to everyone, nor spoil (thereby) thine influence"
(Proverbs 23:10): "Remove not the widows landmark; And enter not into the field of the fatherless."
(Amenemope, ch. 6): "Remove not the landmark from the bounds of the field ... and violate not the widows boundary"
(Proverbs 23:12): "Apply thine heart unto instruction and thine ears to the words of knowledge"
(Amenemope, ch. 1): "Give thine ears, hear the words that are said, give thine heart to interpret them."
See also
Sebayt
Maat
Ancient Egyptian literature
Wisdom literature
Notes
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Instruction of Amenemope
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Avijatičarsko Naselje (), also known as Avijacija (), is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.
Borders
The south-eastern border of Avijatičarsko Naselje is Ulica Oblačića Rada (Oblačića Rada Street), the north-eastern border is Rumenački put (Rumenka Road), and the western border is a future new section of Subotički bulevar (Subotica Boulevard), which will be built in 2007.
Neighbouring city quarters
The neighbouring city quarters are: Jugovićevo in the west, Detelinara in the southeast, and Industrijska Zona Jug in the northeast.
Name and history
Construction of the settlement started in 1948 and it was named after Avijatičarski put (Avijatičar Road), a road that lead to the local airport.
Famous citizens
The famous citizens of Avijatičarsko Naselje were literates Miroslav Antić and Ferenc Deak.
Gallery
See also
Neighborhoods of Novi Sad
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Avijatičarsko Naselje
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Guidon Games produced board games and rulebooks for wargaming with miniatures, and in doing so influenced Tactical Studies Rules (later TSR, Inc.), the publisher of Dungeons & Dragons. The Guidon Games publishing imprint was the property of Lowrys Hobbies (later Lowry Enterprises), a mail-order business owned by Don and Julie Lowry. About a dozen titles were released under the imprint from 1971 to 1973.
History
By the late 1960s the miniature wargaming hobby had grown large enough that there was a demand for rulebooks dedicated to a single historical period. Don Featherstone of the UK produced booklets for eight different periods in 1966. A few years later the Wargames Research Group began producing rulesets with an emphasis on historical accuracy.
With this trend in mind Lowry conceived the Wargaming with Miniatures series for which he recruited rulebook authors from the ranks of the International Federation of Wargamers. Through the IFW Lowry met Gary Gygax, who served as series editor. Gygax began working for Guidon in 1970. Gygax and Jeff Perren's set of rules for medieval miniatures that had been published in the Castle & Crusade Society's The Domesday Book resulted in Gygax being hired by Guidon Games to develop their "Wargaming with Miniatures" series of games. Gygax also co-authored the first title in the series, Chainmail, which became Guidon's best seller. The series came to include games and books by Lou Zocchi, Tom Wham, and Dave Arneson. Other notable titles in the series are Tractics, one of the first published games to make use of the 20-sided die, and Don't Give Up The Ship!, the first collaboration between Gygax and Arneson, the co-creators of Dungeons & Dragons.
Guidon also produced Avalon Hill style board wargames, as well as supplements designed to be used with existing Avalon Hill board games. Avalon Hill later republished Alexander the Great, one of Guidon's stand-alone games, while TSR republished Fight in the Skies.
Guidon was a small publisher, and print runs were never more than a few thousand. Lowry apparently failed to recognize the potential of Dungeons & Dragons, prompting Gygax to found TSR. Gygax made the following recollection about the company in 2004:
Guidon Games had a game shop, sold gaming via the mail, published a magazine and likewise printed and sold military miniatures rulebooks and boxed board wargames. They were small but certainly a legitimate company.... I was paid for the work I did for them, yes. Unfortunately, sales volume did not make the income received thus sufficient to do more than supplement income from other work. I was asked to go to work for them full time. That would have required me to move to the state of Maine. Tom Wham did so, but I thought their new location was a poor choice. Furthermore, the company was not run in an aggressive and responsive manner. In my opinion there was no chance for growth and success as things stood and I said so to Guidon. Sadly, I was correct in my judgement.
Despite its brief existence, Guidon had a large influence on TSR and the nascent RPG industry. In addition to Gygax and Arneson, Lowry worked with Lou Zocchi, Tom Wham, and Mike Carr. TSR initially patterned itself on Guidon, publishing sets of wargaming rules such as Cavaliers and Roundheads in the same pamphlet format used by Guidon. TSR took over some of Guidon's titles in 1975.
In 1972 Lowry acquired Panzerfaust Magazine. In 1973 the Guidon Games imprint was shut down by its parent company, Lowry Hobbies. Lowry published Panzerfaust Magazine instead under the name "Panzerfaust Publications".
Products
Wargaming with Miniatures Series
Board Games
Board Game Supplements
Footnotes
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Guidon Games
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Lord Justice may refer to:
A member of a collective regency in the temporary absence of the sovereign or viceroy:
Lords Justices of Ireland, in the absence of the chief governor
Under the Regency Acts until 1840, if the monarch died while the heir was abroad, Lords Justices would be appointed until the new monarch arrived.
Lords Justices appointed during the absence of King George I in 1719, when the king was in Hanover
Style of various senior judges in Britain or Ireland
Lord Justice of Appeal in England and Wales (since 1875)
Lord Justice of Appeal in Ireland (1877–1924)
Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland (since 1921)
Lord Justice of Appeal in Chancery (1851–1875)
Lord Justice of Appeal in Chancery in Ireland (1856–1877)
Lord Justice Clerk second most senior judge in Scotland
Lord Justice General senior criminal judge in Scotland, since 1836 merged with Lord President of the Court of Session
See also
Lord Chief Justice (disambiguation)
Lord Judge, style of Igor Judge, Baron Judge
Lady Justice, an allegorical personification of the moral force in judicial systems
Justice Lord (disambiguation)
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Lord Justice
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Mourad Melki () (born 9 May 1975) is a Tunisian footballer.
He was a member of the Tunisian national team during the World Cups in 1998 and 2002.
International goals
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Mourad Melki
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The AEC Q-type is an AEC-built, side-mounted-engine, single- and double-decker bus that was launched in 1932.
It was designed by G. J. Rackham, an employee of the American firm Yellow Coach from 1922 to 1926. It was on a visit to America in the late 1920s that Rackham noted the success of the 1927 Fageol Twin Coach which had won large sales to American operators. The result was Rackham returned to the AEC works in Southall with the idea of implementing the American practice of side-mounted engines in British bus production.
Design
Although based on the Twin Coach, the Q had many differences compared with it, the most noticeable being whilst the Twin Coach had two engines, hence the name, the AEC Q only had one. This overcame the many complications arising from the need for a second engine.
The London General Omnibus Company received the first Q-type vehicle with a crash gearbox although all subsequent vehicles had the pre-select version. The engine was available in either petrol or diesel versions and was located longitudinally behind the front axle, intended to be hidden by the staircase in the double-decker version. In order to fit in the space, the engine was tilted to one side and the crankshaft rotated anti-clockwise. This allowed the driver's cab to be located on the front overhang with the entrance opposite, even though some body builders didn't use this facility and had a centre entrance. Its modern full-frontal design made it look very similar to buses built in the 1950s and 1960s.
History
The Q failed to attract the attention of the British operators and failed to find a market in the UK, unlike Fageol in the US. One of the reasons was the Q's susceptibility to problems, the most worrying being that the carburettors on the petrol-engined models caught fire. The recommended solution was just as worrying ... increasing the revs until the fire went out! However, the vehicle was just too revolutionary for the conservative-minded bus industry, with the result was that the Q did not obtain the popularity of the other AEC models, so the project was dropped, last appearing in the 1937 catalogue.
However, London Transport did find the single-deck model useful for its needs and, accordingly, bought over 200 of the diesel-engined version as its first standard bus for Country Bus services. They had centre entrances with sliding passenger doors fitted. They led full service lives.
One version that was an oddity was the AEC 761T trolleybus version, of which only five were built.
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AEC Q-type
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The buran (, ) is a wind which blows across Iran, eastern Asia, specifically Xinjiang, Siberia, and Kazakhstan. Over the tundra, it is also known as , purga. It is a wind of cold air, sometimes very strong, characteristic of the steppes of the Sarmatic Plain, to the west of the Urals.
The buran takes two forms: in summer, it is a hot, dry wind, whipping up sandstorms; in winter, it is bitterly cold and often accompanied by blizzards. Winter buran winds are strong and full of ice and snow. The sky is often laden with snow, which swirls about and reduces the visibility to near zero at times. In Alaska this severe northeasterly wind is known as burga and brings snow and ice pellets.
The Soviet space programme named a class of spacecraft after the buran (see Buran programme).
See also
Dust storm
N'aschi
Shamal (wind)
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Buran (wind)
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City College Norwich is a college of further and higher education in Norfolk, England. It is one of the largest colleges in the country. The College has expanded in recent years following mergers with Easton College in 2020 and Paston College in North Walsham in 2017.
Overview
City College Norwich has over 11,000 students on a wide range of full and part-time courses for young people and adults. These include around 1,000 students on higher education courses and 1,500 learners on Apprenticeships.
The College can trace its origins back to 1891 when the first Technical School in Norwich was opened. City College Norwich moved to its current site on Ipswich Road, in Norwich, Norfolk, England, in 1953. The college also has a site at Norfolk House in Norwich city centre, which is home to its School of Higher Education.
In its most recent inspections, in 2013, 2017 and 2021, City College Norwich was graded as 'Good' by Ofsted. Its provision for learners with high needs is rated as 'Outstanding'.
In 2009 the College won a Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education for its work with students with Autism The College's RUGroom provides a safe haven and a social and study space for students with AS and other Autistic Spectrum Disorders. The unique ingredient has been the involvement of the College's AS learners – who named themselves "The Really Useful Group" – in the design of an AS friendly physical environment which developed into the RUGroom. The RUGroom was opened in February 2008 by Charles Clarke, a member of parliament at the time.
In 2010, the College's Students' Union was a runner-up in the NUS Further Education Union of the Year award.
Campuses
The College's main campus in Norwich is located close to the city centre on Ipswich Road. The Norwich Building was opened in 1953 and other buildings have been opened at various times since. A planned redevelopment of the entire Ipswich Road site did not go ahead due to mismanagement of a college building programme by the Learning and Skills Council in 2009. Despite this setback, the college site has undergone substantial redevelopment in recent years, with a new £5.7M Creative Arts Building and the redevelopment of Broadland Drive which included a new centre for learners with Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities.
The Ipswich Road campus is also home to the Debut Restaurant, based within the College's Hotel School, which is open to the public during term time. Members of the public can also visit the College's Solutions Hair Salon and Beauty Salon and Solutions Gym. There is also a theatre on campus, Platform Theatre, which stages regular productions by music, musical theatre, dance and acting students.
The College also has a site at Norfolk House in the centre of Norwich, where University of East Anglia-validated degrees and other Higher Education programmes are taught. Courses in Aviation Engineering, and a degree in Professional Aviation Engineering Practice, are taught at the International Aviation Academy Norwich (IAAN), at Norwich Airport. A shop "Ego", staffed by the College's retail students, opened in 2011, giving retail students the opportunity to experience the full range of roles within a real working environment. A £9m building for digital skills training is due to open in 2020-21.
Provision at Paston College in North Walsham is based on two sites in the heart of the town, the Griffons and the Lawns.
Easton College, located in the village of Easton, occupies over 200 hectares of countryside. Facilities include a working farm, Equestrian Centre, and Easton Tennis Centre
Principal
The principal of City College Norwich is Jerry White, being appointed in the summer for 2022 taking over from Corrienne Peasgood. Peasgood worked as a lecturer, senior lecturer, director, vice principal, deputy principal and acting principal, before taking over as principal of the college from Dick Palmer in 2012. Palmer went on to lead the TEN Group as its chief executive from 2012 to 2017.
Notable alumni
Tom Aikens – professional and Michelin starred chef
Franklin Allen – economist
Sam Claflin – actor
Stephen Fry – comedian and actor
Sigala - musician
Rodolfo González – motor racing driver
Alfie Hewett – wheelchair tennis player
Jon McGregor – novelist and short story writer
Derek Rayner, Baron Rayner – former CEO of Marks and Spencer
Deric Daniel Waters – educator, scholar of building science and heritage conservationist
Beth Orton - musician
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City College Norwich
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Minhajul Abedin Nannu (; born 25 September 1965) is a former Bangladeshi cricketer who played in 27 One Day Internationals from 1986 to 1999. He captained Bangladesh twice during the Asia Cup of 1990–91. In local cricket arena he is more commonly known by his nickname, "Nannu".
Minhajul Abedin is currently one of the chief selectors of BCB, along with Akram Khan and Habibul Bashar.
Personal life
His elder brother, Nurul Abedin played four One Day Internationals for Bangladesh.
Domestic career
Nannu caught the attention of the cricket selectors in the early 1980s. In December 1983, he was selected to tour West Bengal. There, he wasn't very successful, but he enjoyed greater success playing for the Bangladesh Tigers in the 1984 South-East Asia Cup. His top score of 60 against the Bangladesh national team went in vain, but his 44 against Hong Kong at Chittagong, helped the Tigers win the match. Bowling gentle medium pacers, he took 2/8 against Singapore. After that, he enjoyed a successful tour of Kenya with the national team.
Playing for Abahani, he was consistently amongst the runs in the domestic cricket in 1984–85. But when he failed against the touring Lankans in March 1985, and against the Omar Quareshi XI in January 86, many started to doubt his credentials as an international cricketer. However, he performed consistently during the Pakistan Tour in March. He didn't get any big score, but was consistently amongst the runs. After this, he became a regular member of the national side for more than a decade.
A right-handed middle order batsman, Minhajul Abedin was part of Bangladesh's inaugural ODI game, against Pakistan at Moratuwa in 1985–86.
Minhajul Abedin didn't get a chance to play Test cricket for Bangladesh. However he did enjoy a brief first-class career, finishing with a record of 1709 runs at 51.78.
In 1998 in a match between Bangladesh and Bhahawalpur, he along with Khaled Mahmud set the highest 5th wicket partnership ever in List A cricket history(267*)
International career
Following the disastrous performance of the national side in the 1986 ICC Trophy in England, BCCB, quite rightly decided to concentrate on domestic cricket over the next few seasons. The only major international cricket events for Bangladesh, in this period, were the 2nd South East Asia Cup in Hong Kong, in January 1988, (Bangladesh won the cup to qualify for the 4th Asia Cup in 1990) and the 3rd Asia Cup in Bangladesh, in Oct. 1988. (Bangladesh, as hosts, had automatically qualified). However, during the 1989–90 season there were regular international cricket for Bangladesh, as the national team prepared for the 4th ICC Trophy in Netherlands. Minhajul Abedin, was at that time at the peak of his form and over the season he produced some truly memorable efforts.
A decade later he bowed out of international cricket, in the 1999 Cricket World Cup. He was considered lucky to be in the squad having not made a 50 in his 22 innings prior. After making 5 against the West Indies in their opening game he found form with an unbeaten 68 in a win against Scotland which gave him the man of the match award. Another unbeaten half century came in his next game, against the eventual champions Australia. Despite failing with the bat in the final game, against Pakistan in Northampton, he played a major part in an upset victory by taking 1/29 off 7 overs with his offspin. It was Bangladesh's first ever win over a Test playing team.
Minhajul Abedin played in four ICC Trophy tournaments for Bangladesh. In 1986, he failed with the bat only averaging 25.16. His highest score of 50 came against Kenya. He was more successful with the ball. Bowling slow off cutters, Minhajul Abedin took 5 wickets at an impressive average of 9.40.
Nannu was the Vice-Captain and a vital member of the team that finished third in the 1990 ICC Trophy tournament in Netherlands. He performed consistently with the bat, throughout the tournament. His total of 236 runs was the highest for his team. His top score (57) came in the Semi-Final against the eventual champions Zimbabwe. With the ball, he took 11 wickets at (21.18). His took 3/23 against Bermuda and 3/29 against Kenya. Bangladesh failed to reach the Semi-Finals four years later in Kenya, but Abadin performed commendably. He scored a total of 189 runs with two half centuries. He also captured 16 wickets at 14.75 a piece. Finally, he was the most experienced player of the triumphant campaign of 1997. There he scored a total of 185 runs and took 6 wickets.
Captaincy
In 1988, Nannu was made the Vice captain to Gazi Ashraf Lipu. After two years as the deputy, he was elevated to national team captaincy in 1990–91. Under his captaincy, Bangladesh lost both the games of the Asia cup. The team, however, performed commendably against much stronger oppositions. Bangladesh, as expected won the 1992 South East Asia cup in Singapore. But perhaps his biggest success as a captain came in December of that year, as he led his side to a win over the Sri Lanka 'A' side in Dhaka, in 1992.
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Minhajul Abedin
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Colorado's 5th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Colorado. The district lies in the center of the state and comprises Colorado Springs and its suburbs including Cimarron Hills and Fort Carson.
The district is currently represented by Republican Doug Lamborn. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+9, it is one of the most Republican districts in Colorado.
Characteristics
Politics
The Republican Party has held control of the seat since the district's creation. Colorado Springs, the main population center within the district, is home to many conservative Christian organizations. Among these groups are Focus on the Family, its founder Dr. James Dobson (who is considered by some to be the most influential evangelical leader in the country), New Life Church, Compassion International, HCJB, and many others. There is some Democratic strength in this district in urban Colorado Springs and some of its suburbs near Pikes Peak, but it is no match for the overwhelming Republican tilt of the district; however, unlike the nearby 4th that is trending more Republican by the year, the 5th is becoming slightly less Republican due to demographic changes, but not enough for the area to be competitive for the near future.
Colorado Springs also boasts a large population of both active-duty and retired military personnel and is home to many companies in the defense industry, all of which are demographics that tend to vote for Republicans. Throughout the district's history, Republicans have won by comfortable margins. From 1996 through 2004, Republican Joel Hefley usually won reelections with about 70% of the vote. George W. Bush received 66% of the vote in this district in 2004.
Economy
Because of the strong military presence, Colorado Springs's economy is usually very stable and frequently sees growth. The western portions of the district are mostly small mountain towns whose economy depends on ranching, farming, mining, and tourism.
Tourism
Millions of tourists visit the Colorado Springs region every year, primarily to visit Garden of the Gods, United States Olympic Training Center, U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Museum, Pikes Peak, and the United States Air Force Academy.
Military
Colorado Springs, located within the district, is home to multiple military installations. Fort Carson, the United States Air Force Academy, Peterson Space Force Base, Schriever Space Force Base, and NORAD are also all located within the district. There are more veterans living in the Colorado Fifth than any other district in America.
History
1990s
Following the 1990 U.S. census and associated realignment of Colorado congressional districts, the 5th congressional district consisted of El Paso and Teller counties, as well as portions of Arapahoe, Douglas, and Fremont counties.
2000s
Following the 2000 U.S. census and associated realignment of Colorado congressional districts, the 5th congressional district consisted of Chaffee, El Paso, Fremont, Lake and Teller counties, as well as most of Park County.
2010s
Following the 2010 U.S. census and associated realignment of Colorado congressional districts, the 5th congressional district consisted of Chaffee, El Paso, Fremont, and Teller counties, as well as most of Park County.
2020s
Following the 2020 U.S. census and associated realignment of Colorado congressional districts, the 5th congressional district consisted of most of El Paso County, while other counties towards the west are instead redistricted into the 7th district.
Voting
Election results from presidential races
List of members representing the district
Election results
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
Republican primary
General
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Republican primary
General
2008
Republican primary
General
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
Historical district boundaries
See also
Colorado's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts
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Colorado's 5th congressional district
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The Catholic Church in Vietnam is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of bishops in Vietnam who are in communion with the pope in Rome. Vietnam has the fifth largest Catholic population in Asia, after the Philippines, India, China and Indonesia. There are about 7 million Catholics in Vietnam, representing 7.0% of the total population. There are 27 dioceses (including three archdioceses) with 2,228 parishes and 2,668 priests. The main liturgical rites employed in Vietnam are those of the Latin Church.
History
Early periods
The first Catholic missionaries visited Vietnam from Portugal and Spain in the 16th century. The earliest missions did not bring impressive results. Only after the arrival of Jesuits in the first decades of the 17th century did Christianity begin to establish its positions within the local populations in both domains of Đàng Ngoài (Tonkin) and Đàng Trong (Cochinchina). These missionaries were mainly Italians, Portuguese, and Japanese. Two priests, Francesco Buzomi and Diogo Carvalho, established the first Catholic community in Hội An in 1615. Between 1627 and 1630, Avignonese Alexandre de Rhodes and Portuguese Pero Marques converted more than 6,000 people in Tonkin.
In the 17th century, Jesuit missionaries including Francisco de Pina, Gaspar do Amaral, Antonio Barbosa, and de Rhodes developed an alphabet for the Vietnamese language, using the Latin script with added diacritic marks. This writing system continues to be used today, and is called chữ Quốc ngữ (literally "national language script"). Meanwhile, the traditional chữ Nôm, in which Girolamo Maiorica was an expert, was the main script conveying Catholic faith to Vietnamese until the late 19th century.
Since the late 17th century, French missionaries of the Foreign Missions Society and Spanish missionaries of the Dominican Order were gradually taking the role of evangelization in Vietnam. Other missionaries active in pre-modern Vietnam were Franciscans (in Cochinchina), Italian Dominicans & Discalced Augustinians (in Eastern Tonkin), and those sent by the Propaganda Fide.
Missionaries and the Nguyễn
The French missionary priest and Bishop of Adraa Pigneau de Behaine played a key role in Vietnamese history towards the end of the 18th century. He had come to southern Vietnam to evangelize. In 1777, the Tây Sơn brothers killed the ruling Nguyễn lords. Nguyễn Ánh was the most senior member of the family to have survived, and he fled into the Mekong Delta region in the far south, where he met Pigneau. Pigneau became Nguyễn Ánh's confidant. Pigneau reportedly hoped that by playing a substantial role in helping Ánh attain victory, he would be in position to gain important concessions for the Catholic Church in Vietnam and helping its expansion throughout Southeast Asia. From then on he became a politician and military strategist.
At one stage during the civil war, the Nguyễn were in trouble, so Pigneau was dispatched to seek French aid. He was able to recruit a band of French volunteers. Pigneau and other missionaries acted as business agents for Nguyễn Ánh, purchasing munitions and other military supplies. Pigneau also served as a military advisor and de facto foreign minister until his death in 1799. From 1794, Pigneau took part in all campaigns. He organized the defense of Diên Khánh when it was besieged by a numerically vastly superior Tây Sơn army in 1794. Upon Pigneau's death, Gia Long's funeral oration described the Frenchman as "the most illustrious foreigner ever to appear at the court of Cochinchina".
By 1802, when Nguyễn Ánh conquered all of Vietnam and declared himself Emperor Gia Long, the Catholic Church in Vietnam had three dioceses as follows:
Diocese of Eastern Tonkin: 140,000 members, 41 Vietnamese priests, 4 missionary priests and 1 bishop.
Diocese of Western Tonkin: 120,000 members, 65 Vietnamese priests, 46 missionary priests and 1 bishop.
Diocese of Central and Southern Cochinchina: 60,000 members, 15 Vietnamese priests, 5 missionary priests and 1 bishop.
Gia Long tolerated the Catholic faith of his French allies and permitted unimpeded missionary activities out of respect to his benefactors. The missionary activities were dominated by the Spanish in Tonkin and the French in the central and southern regions. At the time of his death, there were six European bishops in Vietnam. The population of Christians was estimated at 300,000 in Tonkin and 60,000 in Cochinchina.
Later Nguyễn dynasty
The peaceful coexistence of Catholicism alongside the classical Confucian system of Vietnam was not to last. Gia Long himself was Confucian in outlook. As Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh had already died, it was assumed that Cảnh's son would succeed Gia Long as emperor, but, in 1816, Nguyễn Phúc Đảm, the son of Gia Long's second wife, was appointed instead. Gia Long chose him for his strong character and his deeply conservative aversion to Westerners, whereas Cảnh's lineage had converted to Catholicism and were reluctant to maintain their Confucian traditions such as ancestor worship.
Lê Văn Duyệt, the Vietnamese general who helped Nguyễn Ánh—the future Emperor Gia Long—put down the Tây Sơn rebellion, unify Vietnam and establish the Nguyễn dynasty, and many of the high-ranking mandarins opposed Gia Long's succession plan. Duyệt and many of his southern associates tended to be favourable to Christianity, and supported the installation of Nguyễn Cảnh's descendants on the throne. As a result, Duyệt was held in high regard by the Catholic community. According to the historian Mark McLeod, Duyệt was more concerned with military rather than social needs, and was thus more interested in maintaining strong relations with Europeans so that he could acquire weapons from them, rather than worrying about the social implications of westernization. Gia Long was aware that Catholic clergy were opposed to the installation of Minh Mạng because they favored a Catholic monarch (Cảnh's son) who would grant them favors.
Minh Mạng began to place restrictions on Catholicism. He enacted "edicts of interdiction of the Catholic religion" and condemned Christianity as a "heterodox doctrine". He saw the Catholics as a possible source of division, especially as the missionaries were arriving in Vietnam in ever-increasing numbers. Duyệt protected Vietnamese Catholic converts and westerners from Minh Mạng's policies by disobeying the emperor's orders.
Minh Mạng issued an imperial edict, that ordered missionaries to leave their areas and move to the imperial city, ostensibly because the palace needed translators, but in order to stop the Catholics from evangelizing. Whereas the government officials in central and northern Vietnam complied, Duyệt disobeyed the order and Minh Mạng was forced to bide his time. The emperor began to slowly wind back the military powers of Duyệt, and increased this after his death. Minh Mạng ordered the posthumous humiliation of Duyệt, which resulted in the desecration of his tomb, the execution of sixteen relatives, and the arrests of his colleagues. Duyệt's son, Lê Văn Khôi, along with the southerners who had seen their and Duyệt's power curtailed, revolted against Minh Mạng.
Khôi declared himself in favour of the restoration of the line of Prince Cảnh. This choice was designed to obtain the support of Catholic missionaries and Vietnamese Catholics, who had been supporting the Catholic line of Prince Cảnh. Lê Văn Khôi further promised to protect Catholicism. In 1833, the rebels took over southern Vietnam, with Catholics playing a large role. 2,000 Vietnamese Catholic troops fought under the command of Father Nguyễn Văn Tâm.
The rebellion was suppressed after three years of fighting. The French missionary Father Joseph Marchand, of the Paris Foreign Missions Society was captured in the siege, and had been supporting Khôi, and asked for the help of the Siamese army, through communications to his counterpart in Siam, Father Jean-Louis Taberd. This showed the strong Catholic involvement in the revolt and Father Marchand was executed.
The failure of the revolt had a disastrous effect on the Christians of Vietnam. New restrictions against Christians followed, and demands were made to find and execute remaining missionaries. Anti-Catholic edicts to this effect were issued by Minh Mạng in 1836 and 1838. In 1836–37 six missionaries were executed: Ignacio Delgado, Dominico Henares, José Fernández, François Jaccard, Jean-Charles Cornay, and Bishop Pierre Borie. The villages of Christians were destroyed and their possessions confiscated. Families were broken apart. Christians were branded on the forehead with tà đạo, “false religion.” It is believed that between 130,000 and 300,000 Christians died in the various persecutions. The 117 proclaimed saints represent the many unknown martyrs.
Catholicism in South Vietnam (1954–1975)
From 1954 to 1975, Vietnam was split into North and South Vietnam. During a 300-day period where the border between the two sides was temporarily open, many North Vietnamese Catholics fled southward out of fear that they would be persecuted by the Viet Minh.
In a country where Buddhists were the majority, President Ngô Đình Diệm's policies generated claims of religious bias even though he sponsored and supported many Buddhist organizations, and Buddhism flourished under his regime. As a member of the Catholic minority, he pursued policies which antagonized the Buddhist majority. The government was biased towards Catholics in public service and military promotions, and the allocation of land, business favors and tax concessions. Diệm once told a high-ranking officer, forgetting the man was from a Buddhist background, "Put your Catholic officers in sensitive places. They can be trusted." Many officers in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam converted to Catholicism to better their prospects. The distribution of firearms to village self-defense militias intended to repel Việt Cộng guerrillas saw weapons only given to Catholics. Some Catholic priests ran their own private armies, and in some areas forced conversions, looting, shelling and demolition of pagodas occurred.
Some villages converted en masse in order to receive aid or avoid being forcibly resettled by Diệm's regime. The Catholic Church was the largest landowner in the country, and its holdings were exempt from reform and given extra property acquisition rights, while restrictions against Buddhism remained in force. Catholics were also de facto exempt from the corvée labor that the government obliged all citizens to perform; U.S. aid was disproportionately distributed to Catholic majority villages. In 1959, Diem dedicated his country to the Virgin Mary.
The white and gold "Vatican flag" was regularly flown at all major public events in South Vietnam. The newly constructed Huế and Đà Lạt universities were placed under Catholic authority to foster a Catholic-influenced academic environment.
In May 1963, in the central city of Huế, where Diệm's elder brother Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục was archbishop, Buddhists were prohibited from displaying the Buddhist flag during the sacred Buddhist Vesak celebrations. A few days earlier, Catholics were encouraged to fly religious—that is, papal—flags at the celebration in honour of Thục's anniversary as bishop. Both actions technically violated a rarely enforced law which prohibited the flying of any flag other than the national one, but only the Buddhist flags were prohibited in practice. This prompted a protest against the government, which was violently suppressed by Diệm's forces, resulting in the killing of nine civilians. This in turn led to a mass campaign against Diệm's government during what became known as the Buddhist crisis. Diệm was later deposed and assassinated on 2 November 1963. Recent scholarships reveal significant understandings about Diệm's own independent agenda and political philosophy. The Personalist Revolution under his regime promoted religious freedom and diversity to oppose communism's atheism. However, this policy itself ultimately enabled religious activists to threaten the state that supported their religious liberty.
Present time
The first Vietnamese bishop, Jean-Baptiste Nguyễn Bá Tòng, was consecrated in 1933 at St. Peter's Basilica by Pope Pius XI. The Catholic Bishops' Conference of Vietnam was founded in 1980. In 1976, the Holy See made Archbishop Joseph-Marie Trịnh Như Khuê the first Vietnamese cardinal. Joseph-Marie Cardinal Trịnh Văn Căn in 1979, and Paul-Joseph Cardinal Phạm Đình Tụng in 1994, were his successors. The well known Vietnamese Cardinal Francis Xavier Nguyễn Văn Thuận, who was imprisoned by the Communist regime from 1975 to 1988 and spent nine years in solitary confinement, was nominated secretary of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, and made its president in 1998. On 21 February 2001, he was elevated to the College of Cardinals by Pope John Paul II. Vietnamese Catholics who died for their faith from 1533 to the present day were canonized in 1988 by John Paul II as "Vietnamese Martyrs". On 26 March 1997, the beatification process for the Redemptorist brother Marcel Nguyễn Tân Văn was opened by Cardinal Nguyễn Văn Thuận in the diocese of Belley-Ars, France.
There have been meetings between leaders of Vietnam and the Vatican, including a visit by Vietnam's Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng to the Vatican to meet Pope Benedict XVI on 25 January 2007. Official Vatican delegations have been traveling to Vietnam almost every year since 1990 for meetings with its government authorities and to visit Catholic dioceses. In March 2007, a Vatican delegation visited Vietnam and met with local officials. In October 2014, Pope Francis met with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng in Rome. The sides continued discussions about the possibility of establishing normal diplomatic relations, but have not provided a specific schedule for the exchange of ambassadors. The Pope would again meet Vietnamese leader Trần Đại Quang and his associates in Vatican in 2016.
Vietnam remains as the only Asian communist country to have an unofficial representative of the Vatican in the country and has held official to unofficial meetings with the Vatican's representatives both in Vietnam and the Holy See—which does not exist in China, North Korea and Laos—due to long and historical relations between Vietnam and the Catholic Church dating to before the period of French colonization in Southeast Asia. These relations have improved in recent years, as the Holy See announced they will have a permanent representative in Vietnam in 2018.
Restrictions on Catholic life in Vietnam and the government's desired involvement in the nomination of bishops remain obstacles in bilateral dialogues. In March 2007, Thaddeus Nguyễn Văn Lý (b. 1946), a dissident Catholic priest, was sentenced by Vietnamese court in Huế to eight years in prison on grounds of "anti-government activities". Nguyen, who had already spent 14 of the past 24 years in prison, was accused of being a founder of a pro-democracy movement Bloc 8406 and a member of the Progression Party of Vietnam.
On 16 September 2007, the fifth anniversary of the Cardinal Nguyễn Văn Thuận's death, the Catholic Church began the beatification process for him. Benedict XVI expressed "profound joy" at the news of the official opening of the beatification cause. Vietnamese Catholics reacted positively to the news of the beatification. In December 2007, thousands of Vietnamese Catholics marched in procession to the former apostolic nunciature in Hanoi and prayed there twice aiming to return the property to the local church. The building was located at a historic Buddhist site until it was confiscated by the French authorities and given to Catholics, before the communist North Vietnamese government confiscated it from the Catholic Church in 1959. This was the first mass civil action by Vietnamese Catholics since the 1970s. Later the protests were supported by Catholics in Hồ Chí Minh City and Hà Đông, who made the same demands for their respective territories. In February 2008, the governments promised to return the building to the Catholic Church. However, in September 2008, the authorities changed their position and decided to demolish the building to create a public park.
Dioceses
There are 27 dioceses, including three archdioceses, in a total of three ecclesiastical provinces. The archdioceses are:
Archdiocese (Metropolitan) of Hanoi
Archdiocese (Metropolitan) of Huế
Archdiocese (Metropolitan) of Ho Chi Minh City (former Saigon)
See also
Religion in Vietnam
Christianity in Vietnam
Vietnamese Martyrs
Our Lady of La Vang
Đọc kinh (Vietnamese cantillation)
Ngắm Mùa Chay (Vietnamese Lenten meditation)
Holy See-Vietnam relations
Citations
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Catholic Church in Vietnam
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Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply (such as food, water, or territory). Competition lowers the fitness of both organisms involved since the presence of one of the organisms always reduces the amount of the resource available to the other.
In the study of community ecology, competition within and between members of a species is an important biological interaction. Competition is one of many interacting biotic and abiotic factors that affect community structure, species diversity, and population dynamics (shifts in a population over time).
There are three major mechanisms of competition: interference, exploitation, and apparent competition (in order from most direct to least direct). Interference and exploitation competition can be classed as "real" forms of competition, while apparent competition is not, as organisms do not share a resource, but instead share a predator. Competition among members of the same species is known as intraspecific competition, while competition between individuals of different species is known as interspecific competition.
According to the competitive exclusion principle, species less suited to compete for resources must either adapt or die out, although competitive exclusion is rarely found in natural ecosystems. According to evolutionary theory, competition within and between species for resources is important in natural selection. More recently, however, researchers have suggested that evolutionary biodiversity for vertebrates has been driven not by competition between organisms, but by these animals adapting to colonize empty livable space; this is termed the 'Room to Roam' hypothesis.
Interference competition
During interference competition, also called contest competition, organisms interact directly by fighting for scarce resources. For example, large aphids defend feeding sites on cottonwood leaves by ejecting smaller aphids from better sites. Male-male competition in red deer during rut is an example of interference competition that occurs within a species.
Interference competition occurs directly between individuals via aggression when the individuals interfere with the foraging, survival, and reproduction of others, or by directly preventing their physical establishment in a portion of the habitat. An example of this can be seen between the ant Novomessor cockerelli and red harvester ants, where the former interferes with the ability of the latter to forage by plugging the entrances to their colonies with small rocks. Male bowerbirds, who create elaborate structures called bowers to attract potential mates, may reduce the fitness of their neighbors directly by stealing decorations from their structures.
In animals, interference competition is a strategy mainly adopted by larger and stronger organisms within a habitat. As such, populations with high interference competition have adult-driven generation cycles. At first, the growth of juveniles is stunted by larger adult competitors. However, once the juveniles reach adulthood, they experience a secondary growth cycle. Plants, on the other hand, primarily engage in interference competition with their neighbors through allelopathy, or the production of biochemicals.
Interference competition can be seen as a strategy that has a clear cost (injury or death) and benefit (obtaining resources that would have gone to other organisms). In order to cope with strong interference competition, other organisms often either do the same or engage in exploitation competition. For example, depending on the season, larger ungulate red deer males are competitively dominant due to interference competition. However, does and fawns have dealt with this through temporal resource partitioning — foraging for food only when adult males are not present.
Exploitation competition
Exploitation competition, or scramble competition, occurs indirectly when organisms both use a common limiting resource or shared food item. Instead of fighting or exhibiting aggressive behavior in order to win resources, exploitative competition occurs when resource use by one organism depletes the total amount available for other organisms. These organisms might never interact directly but compete by responding to changes in resource levels. Very obvious examples of this phenomenon include a diurnal species and a nocturnal species that nevertheless share the same resources or a plant that competes with neighboring plants for light, nutrients, and space for root growth.
This form of competition typically rewards those organisms who claim the resource first. As such, exploitation competition is often size-dependent and smaller organisms are favored since smaller organisms typically have higher foraging rates. Since smaller organisms have an advantage when exploitative competition is important in an ecosystem, this mechanism of competition might lead to a juvenile-driven generation cycle: individual juveniles succeed and grow fast, but once they mature they are outcompeted by smaller organisms.
In plants, exploitative competition can occur both above- and below ground. Aboveground, plants reduce the fitness of their neighbors by vying for sunlight plants consume nitrogen by absorbing it into their roots, making nitrogen unavailable to nearby plants. Plants that produce many roots typically reduce soil nitrogen to very low levels, eventually killing neighboring plants.
Exploitative competition has also been shown to occur both within species (intraspecific) and between different species (interspecific). Furthermore, many competitive interactions between organisms are some combination of exploitative and interference competition, meaning the two mechanisms are far from mutually exclusive. For example, a recent 2019 study found that the native thrip species Frankliniella intonsa was competitively dominant over an invasive thrip species Frankliniella occidentalis because it not only exhibited greater time feeding (exploitative competition) but also greater time guarding its resources (interference competition). Plants may also exhibit both forms of competition, not only scrambling for space for root growth but also directly inhibiting other plants' development through allelopathy.
Apparent competition
Apparent competition occurs when two otherwise unrelated prey species indirectly compete for survival through a shared predator. This form of competition typically manifests in new equilibrium abundances of each prey species. For example, suppose there are two species (species A and species B), which are preyed upon by food-limited predator species C. Scientists observe an increase in the abundance of species A and a decline in the abundance of species B. In an apparent competition model, this relationship is found to be mediated through predator C; a population explosion of species A increases the abundance of predator species C due to a greater total food source. Since there are now more predators, species A and B would be hunted at higher rates than before. Thus, the success of species A was to the detriment of species B — not because they competed for resources, but because their increased numbers had indirect effects on the predator population.
This one-predator/two-prey model has been explored by ecologists as early as 1925, but the term "apparent competition" was first coined by University of Florida ecologist Robert D. Holt in 1977. Holt found that field ecologists at the time were erroneously attributing negative interactions among prey species to niche partitioning and competitive exclusion, ignoring the role of food-limited predators.
Apparent competition and realized niche
Apparent competition can help shape a species' realized niche, or the area or resources the species can actually persist due to interspecific interactions. The effect on realized niches could be incredibly strong, especially when there is an absence of more traditional interference or exploitative competition. A real-world example was studied in the late 1960s, when the introduction of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) to Newfoundland reduced the habitat range of native arctic hares (Lepus arcticus). While some ecologists hypothesized that this was due to an overlap in the niche, other ecologists argued that the more plausible mechanism was that snowshoe hare populations led to an explosion in food-limited lynx populations, a shared predator of both prey species. Since the arctic hare has a relatively weaker defense tactic than the snowshoe hare, they were excluded from woodland areas on the basis of differential predation. However, both apparent competition and exploitation competition might help explain the situation to some degree. Support for the impact of competition on the breadth of the realized niche with respect to diet is becoming more common in a variety of systems based upon isotopic and spatial data, including both carnivores and small mammals.
Asymmetric apparent competition
Apparent competition can be symmetric or asymmetric. Symmetric apparent competition negatively impacts both species equally (-,-), from which it can be inferred that both species will persist. However, asymmetric apparent competition occurs when one species is affected less than the other. The most extreme scenario of asymmetric apparent competition is when one species is not affected at all by the increase in the predator, which can be seen as a form of amensalism (0, -). Human impacts on endangered prey species have been characterized by conservation scientists as an extreme form of asymmetric apparent competition, often through introducing predator species into ecosystems or resource subsidies. An example of fully asymmetric apparent competition which often occurs near urban centers is subsidies in the form of human garbage or waste. In the early 2000s, the common raven (Corvus corax) population in the Mojave Desert increased due to an influx of human garbage, leading to an indirect negative effect on juvenile desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii).
Apparent competition in the human microbiome
Apparent competition has also been viewed in and on the human body. The human immune system can acts as the generalist predator, and a high abundance of a certain bacteria may induce an immune response, damaging all pathogens in the body. Another example of this is of two populations of bacteria that can both support a predatory bacteriophage. In most situations, the one that is most resistant to infection by the shared predator will replace the other.
Apparent competition has also been suggested as an exploitable phenomenon for cancer treatments. Highly specialized viruses that are developed to target malignant cancer cells often go locally extinct prior to eradicating all cancer. However, if a virus were developed that targets both healthy and unhealthy host cells to some degree, the large number of healthy cells would support the predatory virus for long enough to eliminate all malignant cells.
Size-asymmetric competition
Competition can be either complete symmetric (all individuals receive the same amount of resources, irrespective of their size), perfectly size symmetric (all individuals exploit the same amount of resource per unit biomass), or absolutely size-asymmetric (the largest individuals exploit all the available resource).
Among plants, size asymmetry is context-dependent and competition can be both asymmetric and symmetric depending on the most limiting resource. In forest stands, below-ground competition for nutrients and water is size-symmetric, because a tree's root system is typically proportionate to the biomass of the entire tree. Conversely, above-ground competition for light is size-asymmetric — since light has directionality, the forest canopy is dominated entirely by the largest trees. These trees disproportionately exploit most of the resource for their biomass, making the interaction size asymmetric. Whether above-ground or below-ground resources are more limiting can have major effects on the structure and diversity of ecological communities; in mixed beech stands, for example, size-asymmetric competition for light is a stronger predictor of growth compared with competition for soil resources.
Within and between species
Competition can occur between individuals of the same species, called intraspecific competition, or between different species, called interspecific competition. Studies show that intraspecific competition can regulate population dynamics (changes in population size over time). This occurs because individuals become crowded as the population grows. Since individuals within a population require the same resources, crowding causes resources to become more limited. Some individuals (typically small juveniles) eventually do not acquire enough resources and die or do not reproduce. This reduces population size and slows population growth.
Species also interact with other species that require the same resources. Consequently, interspecific competition can alter the sizes of many species populations at the same time. Experiments demonstrate that when species compete for a limited resource, one species eventually drives the populations of other species extinct. These experiments suggest that competing species cannot coexist (they cannot live together in the same area) because the best competitor will exclude all other competing species.
Intraspecific
Intraspecific competition occurs when members of the same species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem. A simple example is a stand of equally-spaced plants, which are all of the same age. The higher the density of plants, the more plants will be present per unit ground area, and the stronger the competition will be for resources such as light, water, or nutrients.
Interspecific
Interspecific competition may occur when individuals of two separate species share a limiting resource in the same area. If the resource cannot support both populations, then lowered fecundity, growth, or survival may result in at least one species. Interspecific competition has the potential to alter populations, communities, and the evolution of interacting species. An example among animals could be the case of cheetahs and lions; since both species feed on similar prey, they are negatively impacted by the presence of the other because they will have less food, however, they still persist together, despite the prediction that under competition one will displace the other. In fact, lions sometimes steal prey items killed by cheetahs. Potential competitors can also kill each other, in so-called 'intraguild predation'. For example, in southern California coyotes often kill and eat gray foxes and bobcats, all three carnivores sharing the same stable prey (small mammals).
An example among protozoa involves Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum. Russian ecologist, Georgy Gause, studied the competition between the two species of Paramecium that occurred as a result of their coexistence. Through his studies, Gause proposed the Competitive exclusion principle, observing the competition that occurred when their different ecological niches overlapped.
Competition has been observed between individuals, populations, and species, but there is little evidence that competition has been the driving force in the evolution of large groups. For example, mammals lived beside reptiles for many millions of years of time but were unable to gain a competitive edge until dinosaurs were devastated by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.
Evolutionary strategies
In evolutionary contexts, competition is related to the concept of r/K selection theory, which relates to the selection of traits which promote success in particular environments. The theory originates from work on island biogeography by the ecologists Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson.
In r/K selection theory, selective pressures are hypothesized to drive evolution in one of two stereotyped directions: r- or K-selection. These terms, r, and K, are derived from standard ecological algebra, as illustrated in the simple Verhulst equation of population dynamics:
where r is the growth rate of the population (N), and K is the carrying capacity of its local environmental setting. Typically, r-selected species exploit empty niches, and produce many offspring, each of whom has a relatively low probability of surviving to adulthood. In contrast, K-selected species are strong competitors in crowded niches, and invest more heavily in much fewer offspring, each with a relatively high probability of surviving to adulthood.
Competitive exclusion principle
To explain how species coexist, in 1934 Georgii Gause proposed the competitive exclusion principle which is also called the Gause principle: species cannot coexist if they have the same ecological niche. The word "niche" refers to a species' requirements for survival and reproduction. These requirements include both resources (like food) and proper habitat conditions (like temperature or pH). Gause reasoned that if two species had identical niches (required identical resources and habitats) they would attempt to live in exactly the same area and would compete for exactly the same resources. If this happened, the species that was the best competitor would always exclude its competitors from that area. Therefore, species must at least have slightly different niches in order to coexist.
Character displacement
Competition can cause species to evolve differences in traits. This occurs because the individuals of a species with traits similar to competing species always experience strong interspecific competition. These individuals have less reproduction and survival than individuals with traits that differ from their competitors. Consequently, they will not contribute many offspring to future generations. For example, Darwin's finches can be found alone or together on the Galapagos Islands. Both species populations actually have more individuals with intermediate-sized beaks when they live on islands without the other species present. However, when both species are present on the same island, competition is intense between individuals that have intermediate-sized beaks of both species because they all require intermediate-sized seeds. Consequently, individuals with small and large beaks have greater survival and reproduction on these islands than individuals with intermediate-sized beaks. Different finch species can coexist if they have traits—for instance, beak size—that allow them to specialize in particular resources. When Geospiza fortis and Geospiza fuliginosa are present on the same island, G. fuliginosa tends to evolve a small beak and G. fortis a large beak. The observation that competing species' traits are more different when they live in the same area than when competing species live in different areas is called character displacement. For the two finch species, beak size was displaced: Beaks became smaller in one species and larger in the other species. Studies of character displacement are important because they provide evidence that competition is important in determining ecological and evolutionary patterns in nature.
See also
Biological interaction
Character displacement
Community
Minimum viable population
Scramble competition
Resource (biology)
Resource partitioning
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Competition (biology)
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Entertainment Center station is a station on the River Line light rail system, located on Delaware Avenue in Camden, New Jersey. It is the southern terminus of the River Line, and is named for the nearby Freedom Mortgage Pavilion on the Camden Waterfront.
The station opened on March 15, 2004. Northbound service is available to the Trenton Rail Station with connections to New Jersey Transit trains to New York City, SEPTA trains to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Amtrak trains. Transfers to the PATCO Speedline are available at the Walter Rand Transportation Center.
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Entertainment Center station
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Jukdo may refer to:
Jukdo (island), a small islet next to Ulleungdo
Shinai, a practice sword used primarily in Kendo or Kumdo (Korean Kendo)
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Jukdo
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Merryton railway station is a railway station in Larkhall, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Argyle Line.
The station was officially opened on 9 December 2005, as part of the Larkhall branch re-opened at the same time.
The station is located on the CR Mid Lanark Lines just south of the site of the previous Merryton Junction where the Caledonian Railway Coalburn Branch diverged from the CR Mid Lanark Lines.
Facilities
The station has a car park but is not permanently staffed.
Services
From the opening of the Larkhall Branch in December 2005, a service has operated on Monday to Saturdays to via northbound and to southbound every 30 minutes. In the May 2016 timetable, this now runs to in the northbound direction but still originates from Dalmuir going south.
In December 2007 an hourly service (in each direction) commenced on Sundays. This runs to Larkhall and to via .
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Merryton railway station
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The Pallister–Killian syndrome (PKS), also termed tetrasomy 12p mosaicism or the Pallister mosaic aneuploidy syndrome, is an extremely rare and severe genetic disorder. PKS is due to the presence of an extra and abnormal chromosome termed a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC). sSMCs contain copies of genetic material from parts of virtually any other chromosome and, depending on the genetic material they carry, can cause various genetic disorders and neoplasms. The sSMC in PKS consists of multiple copies of the short (i.e. "p") arm of chromosome 12. Consequently, the multiple copies of the genetic material in the sSMC plus the two copies of this genetic material in the two normal chromosome 12's are overexpressed and thereby cause the syndrome. Due to a form of genetic mosaicism, however, individuals with PKS differ in the tissue distributions of their sSMC and therefore show different syndrome-related birth defects and disease severities. For example, individuals with the sSMC in their heart tissue are likely to have cardiac structural abnormalities while those without this sSMC localization have a structurally normal heart.
PKS was first described by Philip Pallister in 1977 and further researched by Maria Teschler-Nicola and Wolfgang Killian in 1981.
Presentation
Individuals with PKS present prenatally or at birth with multiple birth defects. These defects include: brain atrophy, agenesis of the corpus callosum, polymicrogyria of the brain, and/or spot calcifications in the brain's lateral sulcus; deafness and/or blindness; autonomic nervous system dysfunctions such as anhidrosis, hypohidrosis, and/or episodic spells of hyperventilation interspersed with breath-holding; symptoms of spinal cord malformations; profound or less commonly mild to severe intellectual disability; epileptic seizures; heart and/or anal defects; diaphragmatic hernias; marked muscle weakness; supernumerary nipples; abnormal facial features such as frontal bossing, high frontal hairline, balding around the temple and frontal areas, sparse eyebrows and lashes, hypertelorism, small and flat nose, full cheeks, long philtrum, large mouth with downturned corners, thin cupid's bow-shaped upper lip, micrognathia (i.e. undersized jaw), disformed ears that are low-set, thick eyebrows, and/or prominent lips and chin; abnormal oral/dental features such as enlarged tongue, overgrowth of the alveolar ridge and/or gums, delayed teeth eruption, and/or missing or double teeth; patchy skin depigmentations; skeletal anomalies such as limb shortening, lymphedema, increased soft tissues in the extremities, short/broad palms and/or fingers, and/or clinodactyly of the fifth fingers or toes; excessive prenatal and birth weights followed by postnatal declines in growth rates; delayed closure of the anterior fontanel; and/or delayed puberty in males but not females.
Causes
PKS is caused by an sSMC that consists of two copies or, less commonly, four copies of the genetic material in the p arm of chromosome 12. Recent studies in two individuals with PKS found their sSMCs consisted specifically of genetic material located in a stretch of chromosome 12 's p arm starting at its band 11 and running to its end. This area, called the PKS critical region, contains three genes, ING4, CHD4, and MFAP5 (also termed the MAGP2 gene), which are candidates for contributing to the development of the syndrome.
One suggested mechanism for the development of the sSMC in PKS involves three sequential events: 1) chromosome 12 suffers a nondisjunction, i.e. a failure of its homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during the second meiosis cell division that forms maternal eggs; 2) while most of the eggs with this nondisjunction die, a rare egg with the nondisjunction acquires a second structural aberration, isochromosome formation, that results in the creation of an extra chromosome consisting of copies of two or four p arms but no q arms of chromosome 12, i.e. the sSMC; and 3) the sSMC-containing egg, after being fertilized by a genetically normal sperm, develops into an offspring containing copies of this sSMC in some but not all cells, tissues, and/or organs consequently have some but not all of the defects associated with PKS. This mechanism applies only to female parents who are by far the most common originators of the sSMC in PKS. The mechanism explaining the few cases in which male parents form a sperm containing this sSMC has not yet been clearly formulated.
Diagnosis
Prenatal diagnosis
PKS is commonly diagnosed by detecting its causative sSMC as defined by identifying the overexpression of its genetic material. This method has detected the sSMC and therefore diagnosed a fetus as having PKS based on genomic analyses of fetal skin fibroblasts, placenta chorionic villi, cells isolated from the amniotic fluid, fibroblasts isolated from the fetus's umbilical cord, and cells isolated from the fetus's umbilical cord blood. PKS can also be diagnose using fetal ultasound imaging methods. Ultrasound imaging in PKS commonly find fetuses that are too large for their gestational age, contain polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid in their amniotic sacs), and have rhizomelic limbs (shortening of the proximal part of the limbs). Less commonly, the imaging evidences diaphragmatic hernias and/or various other major PKS structural malformations. In most cases, however, the ultrasound findings are not diagnostic of PKS. Furthermore, ultrasound diagnoses is best applied in the second or third pregnancy trimester when structural anomalies are more clearly defined and detectable.
Because the prenatal diagnosis of PKS using the methods just cited is difficult, often indecisive, and/or best employed later in a woman's pregnancy, prenatal cell-free DNA screening (cfDNA screening), also known as noninvasive prenatal screening, has been used to diagnose PKS. This method can diagnose PKS in 10 week and older fetuses. In cfDNA screening, DNA from a mothers blood is extracted and screened for the presence of specific chromosome abnormalities such as those associated with the Down syndrome, Patau syndrome (also termed trisomy 13), and Edwards syndrome (also termed trisomy 18). (Small amounts of a fetus's DNA escapes through the placenta to circulate in the mothers blood.) A genome-wide association study done in China used genome-wide cfDNA analyses to diagnose various chromosome-related disorders including PKS. The study scanned the DNA in the blood of 29,007 pregnant women and found three cases with abnormal amount of DNA originating from the entire p-arm of chromosome 12. All three cases were confirmed to have a fetus with PKS. Two of these cases were missed by chromosomal microarray analysis of the placenta and chorionic villi. However, the study did not define the rate of false negative cases, i.e. negative results in women actually carrying a fetus with PKS. While further studies are required, this method may turn out to be a critically useful addition for the prenatal detection of PKS, particularly during early pregnancies for the purpose of pregnancy options counseling.
Postnatal diagnosis
The postnatal diagnosis of PKS is strongly suggested or indicated in most cases based on finding the key defects of PKS in an individual on physical examination and various radiography, ultrasound, and related methods. However, some individuals with this syndrome do not have a sufficient number of these defects or have a set of defects that are also compatible with other birth defect disorders such as Fryns syndrome, trisomy 12p, and Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome (also termed CHD4 Neurodevelopmental Disorder). The diagnosis can be confirmed in these cases as well as in all cases of PKS by detecting its sSMC using special methods. This sSMC has been successfully detected (>90% of confirmed cases) in the DNA extracted by a buccal swab taken from the inside of an individual's cheek or the DNA extracted form an individual's cultured skin fibroblasts, i.e. fibroblasts from a skin biopsy grown in a laboratory for at least several days. The sSMC in these tissues or cells is identified by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (i.e. MLPA) or microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (i.e. array CGH). Because of mosaicism, testing an individual's circulating blood lymphocytes only rarely detects (i.e. gives mostly false negative results) in true PKS cases.
See also
List of cutaneous conditions
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Pallister–Killian syndrome
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Vietnamese National Football Super Cup (), also called the Thaco National Football Super Cup due to sponsorship reasons, is Vietnamese football's annual match contested between the champions of the previous V.League 1 season and the holders of the Vietnamese Cup. If the V.League 1 champions also won the Vietnamese Cup, then the league runners-up provide the opposition. The fixture was first played in the 1998–99 season.
The current holders are Vietnamese Cup winners Dong A Thanh Hoa, who defeated runner-ups Hanoi Police 3–1 in the 2023 match.
Results
Toyota Cup 1998/1999
Toyota Cup 2000
Honda Cup 2001
Toyota Cup 2002
VTC Cup 2003
2004 IZZI Cup
2005 IZZI Cup
2006 IZZI Cup
2007 IZZI Cup
2008 IZZI Cup
2009 Megastar Cup
2010 584 Group Cup
2011 PV Gas Cup
2012 PV Gas Cup
2013 Cúp VPP Hồng Hà
2014 Thaco Cup
2015 Thaco Cup
2016 Thaco Cup
2017 Thaco Cup
2018 Thaco Cup
2019 Thaco Cup
2020 Thaco Cup
2022 Thaco Cup
2023 Thaco Cup
Winners
By year
1998/1999 – Thể Công
2000 – Sông Lam Nghệ An
2001 – Sông Lam Nghệ An
2002 – Sông Lam Nghệ An
2003 – Hoàng Anh Gia Lai
2004 – Hoàng Anh Gia Lai
2005 – Mitsustar Hải Phòng
2006 – Gạch Đồng Tâm Long An
2007 – Becamex Bình Dương
2008 – Becamex Bình Dương
2009 – Lam Sơn Thanh Hóa
2010 – Hà Nội T&T
2011 – Sông Lam Nghệ An
2012 – SHB Đà Nẵng
2013 – Vissai Ninh Bình
2014 – Becamex Bình Dương
2015 – Becamex Bình Dương
2016 – Than Quảng Ninh
2017 – Quảng Nam
2018 – Hà Nội
2019 – Hà Nội
2020 – Hà Nội
2022 – Hà Nội
2023 - Đông Á Thanh Hóa
By number of wins
See also
Football in Vietnam
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Vietnamese National Football Super Cup
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Elinor Mary Darwin (née Monsell; 1879–1954) was an Irish born illustrator, engraver and portrait painter. Her illustrations were included in several of her husband, Bernard Darwin's books for children.
Personal life
Elinor Mary Monsell was born in Limerick, Munster, Ireland, the eldest daughter of William Thomas Monsell (1843–1887), a magistrate and inspector of facturers, and Elinor Vere, daughter of Hon. Robert O'Brien, of Old Church, Limerick (son of Sir Edward O'Brien, 4th Baronet). William Thomas Monsell's father, Rev. John Samuel Bewley Monsell (1811–1875), vicar of Egham, Surrey, was first cousin to William Monsell, 1st Baron Emly; William Thomas served as Lord Emly's private secretary during his time as Postmaster General.
At 17 years of age Elinor left Ireland for London. Her brother John Robert Monsell was a children's author and illustrator, who collaborated with Herbert Hughes on Rivals!, a 1935 musical version of Richard Brinsley Sheridan's The Rivals.
She married Bernard Darwin on Tuesday, 31 July 1906 at St Luke's Church, Chelsea in London, England. He was a golf writer and grandson of the British naturalist Charles Darwin. Their children were Ursula Darwin (1908–2011) and Sir Robert Vere Darwin (1910–1974).
Prior to World War II many Darwin family members became members of the Eugenics Society. Elinor became one of the Fellows of the Society, as did Leonard Darwin's wife Mildred and other Darwin wives.
She is buried in St Mary the Virgin Churchyard, Downe, Kent; nearby is Down House, the home of the Darwin family. An obituary by Sir Charles Tennyson was published in The Times.
Education
She studied at the Slade School of Art in London, earning a scholarship in 1896.
Career
Elinor was active from about 1899 to 1929. Before she married, Elinor Monsell was one of the illustrators that worked with W.B. Yeats, whom she met in 1899 at Coole Park. He appreciated her woodcuts, and asked her to create a logo for the Abbey Theatre. She created a pearwood engraving of a romantic image of Queen Maeve with one of her wolfhounds that appeared on the Abbey Theatre programmes beginning in 1904. She created the cover for Stephen Gwynn's The Fair Hills of Ireland, which was published in 1906. In 1907 Dun Emer Press's first pressmark was a wood engraving that she made of Lady Emer beside a tree.
She illustrated some of her husband's books for children, such as the Tale Of Mr. Tootleoo, Every Idle Dream, and Mr. Tootleoo and Company. Her illustrations, and those of J.B. Yeats and William Orpen, were included in the Second Annual Volume of The Shanachie, an "Irish Miscellany Illustrated" which included works be many Irish writer, including W.B. Yeats, Stephen Gwynn, Lady Gregory and George Bernard Shaw.
Darwin taught her husband's cousin Gwen Raverat engraving.
Her paintings A Doorway, Child with Toy Bird, and The Annunciation were exhibited in 1913 at the Whitechapel Exhibition of Irish Art in London. She painted a portrait of poet and author Aubrey Thomas De Vere when he was 87 years old.
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Elinor Darwin
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Frisbie Island may refer to:
Frisbie Island (Connecticut), in the Thimble Islands
Frisbie Island (New York), on the Delaware River
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Frisbie Island
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