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bpt6k6203016g_1
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French-PD-Books
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
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Véritable méthode d'enseignement et abrégé d'histoire : premier livre de lecture et d'orthographe à l'usage des écoles
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None
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French
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Spoken
| 7,043 | 10,381 |
VÉRITABLE MÉTHODE D'ENSEIGNEMENT ET ABRÉGÉS D'HISTOIRE PREMIER LIVRE DE LECTURE ET D'ORTHOGRAPHE À L'USAGE DES ÉCOLES PAR LAGET DAVID, INSTITUTEUR NICE TYP., LITH. ET LIB. S. C. CAUVIN ET 6 rue de la Préfecture 6 1874. VÉRITABLE MÉTHODE D'ENSEIGNEMENT ET ABRÉGÉS D'HISTOIRE PREMIER LIVRE DE LECTURE ET D'ORTHOGRAPHE ; À L'USAGE DES ÉCOLES PAR LAGET DAVID INSTITUTEUR NICE TYP., LITH. ET LIB. S. C. CAUVIN ET 6 rue de la Préfecture 6 1874. AVERTISSEMENT. Les méthodes d'enseignement débordent de toutes parts, et néanmoins je n'ai connaissance d'aucune qui soit ce qu'elle devrait être. Sans entrer ici dans aucun détail à ce sujet, j'invite les personnes qui s'intéressent à l'instruction de la jeunesse à prendre connaissance de celle que je publie à titre d'essai, et si elles me jugent digne de leur avis, je leur en saurai gré. J'attends de bons résultats de cette Cacographie toute nouvelle, ainsi que de la marche que j'ai à suivre, et elle me paraît nécessaire dans les écoles primaires. Les formalités exigées par la loi ayant été remplies, toute contrefaçon ou imitation sont absolument interdites. Tout exemplaire non revêtu de ma signature sera réputé contrefait. LAGET, DAVID. Signature de l'auteur: ABRÉGÉ D'HISTOIRE SAINTE CHAPITRE I 1. Tout ce qui nous environne n'a pas toujours été — Au commencement. Dieu créa le ciel et la terre — Le premier jour, il fit la lumière ; le deuxième, le firmament ; le troisième, la mer, tous les arbres et toutes les plantes. les plantes; le quatrième, le soleil, la lune et les étoiles; le cinquième, les poissons et les oiseaux; le sixième, tous les animaux. Dieu termina ce jour-là l'ouvrage de la création en faisant, le premier homme et la première femme à son image et à sa ressemblance. Le septième jour Dieu se reposa. Le premier homme et la première femme sont nos premiers parents. Après les avoir créés, Dieu les mit dans un lieu où il y avait toute sorte d'arbres et de fruits; Dieu leur défendit seulement de manger des fruits d'un arbre en leur disant que s'ils en mangeaient, ils mourraient. Mais la femme se laissa tenter par le diable, elle mangea du fruit défendu et en porta à son mari qui imita sa désobéissance. Dieu, pour les punir, les chassa du jardin deliceux, les condamna à beaucoup de misères et à la mort. Bientôt après, Dieu leur donna deux enfants dont l'un cultiva la terre et l'autre garda les troupeaux. Le premier était méchant, le second était bon et Dieu l'aimait. Un jour celui qui cultivait la terre dit à son frère : "Allons nous promener à la campagne". Ils partirent tous deux. les deux, mais à peine fut-il un peu loin que le méchant enfant se mit à frapper son frère et le tua — Puis le bon Dieu lui demanda où était son frère, et il répondit qu'il ne le savait pas, qu'il n'en était pas le gardien — Alors Dieu lui dit que parce qu'il avait tué son frère, il serait maudit, errant et vagabond par toute la terre — Aussitôt ce méchant enfant abandonna son père et sa mère et s'en alla dans un pays où il fut aussi des enfants qui furent méchants comme lui. Ensuite Dieu donna à notre premier pays un troisième fils qui fut le père d'un grand nombre d'autres enfants dont il y en eut de bons et de méchants — Il y en eut un surtout que Dieu pour le récompenser de sa piété le prit au ciel sans le faire mourir, et un autre qui vécut très longtemps sur la terre — Mais peu à peu les bons s'aliègrent avec les méchants et leur devinrent semblable. Il arriva un moment où il ne se trouva parmi tous les habitants de la terre qu'une seule famille qui eut conservé la crainte du Seigneur — Aussi Dieu pour châtier tous les méchants envoya le déluge universel — Il y avait alors environ 1600 ans que le monde était créé. Adam, Eve, Caïn, Abel, Seth, Enoch, Mathusalem — Paradis terrestre, l'arbre de la science du bien et du mal. Écrivez : deuxième, sixième, septième, mangeaient, mangea, bientôt, second, viens, gardien, pays, famille, envoya. REMARQUE. A la fin de chaque chapitre nous donnerons toujours les noms propres auxquels il sera fait allusion dans le cours du chapitre ; ainsi que les mots dont l'orthographe aura été dénaturée, mais nous ne répéterons pas ces derniers. L'élève les trouvera toujours marqués d'un astérisque, mais ils ne seront en général orthographiés qu'une fois dans les renvois du même livre. — Lorsque les élèves copient ils doivent toujours les bien écrire. On pourra faire substituer les noms propres aux pronoms qui les représentent dans le cours de la lecture soit en écrivant soit en lisant. Interdire sévèrement aux enfants d'écrire sur le livre. CHAPITRE II. Le déluge fut une grande inondation qui couvrit toute la terre. Cent ans auparavant, le Seigneur avait ordonné au chef de cette famille, qui seule avait conservé l'amour de Dieu, de faire un grand bateau où il put entrer, lui, sa femme, ses trois fils et leur femme—Dieu ordonna encore à cet homme juste de mettre dans le bateau plusieurs couples d'animaux. — Lorsque tout fut fait, Dieu ferma lui-même la porte de cette grande maison qui devait sauver du naufrage général ceux qu'elle abritait, et fit pleuvoir avec violence pendant quarante jours et quarante nuits.—Toute la terre fut couverte par l'eau ; il y en avait jusqu'à quinze coudées au-dessus des plus hautes montagnes. Aussi il n'y eut de sauvés que les personnes et les animaux qui étaient dans le bateau. Pendant cent cinquante jours, l'eau couvrit la terre—Ensuite Dieu fit souffler un grand vent et les eaux diminuèrent. — Quelque temps après, les hommes et les animaux qui avaient été sauvés, par la bonté de Dieu, purent enfin sortir. de nouveau habiter la terre et la repeupler. En sortant du bateau, le bon père de famille offrit à Dieu un sacrifice pour le remercier de l'avoir préservé de la mort. Dieu le bénit, ainsi que ses enfants et leur dit : « Croissez et multipliez, remplissez la terre » — Le Seigneur fit alors alliance avec eux, leur promettant de ne plus envoyer de déluge, et créa un signe dans le ciel comme souvenir de cette alliance et de ses promesses. Alors ce même juste se mit à cultiver la terre — Il planta la vigne, et comme il ne connaissait pas la force du vin, il s'enivra, et s'endormit dans une posture indécente — Un de ses trois enfants, le vit dans cette position, se moqua de lui et appelait ses frères, pour s'en moquer aussi — Mais celui-ci, loin de l'imiter, couvrit leur père avec un manteau — Lorsque le père se réveilla, béni ses deux enfants, tandis qu'il maudit la postérité de l'autre — Les enfants de ce saint homme se multiplièrent rapidement — Ils firent bâtir d'autres maisons, de sorte qu'il ne put plus loncher ensemble. Avant de se séparer, il leur vint l'idée de bâtir une tour qui s'éleva jusqu'au ciel ; mais après qu'ils en eurent fait une partie, Dieu confondit leur langage et ils ne purent plus continuer leur foule entreprise — Ils se dispersèrent par toute la terre et bâtirent des villes — Noé, Sem, Cham, Japhet, Arche, arc-en-ciel, écrivez : Chef, envoyer, réveiller. CHAPITRE III. 8. Il s'était alors écoulé environ 1000 ans depuis le déluge, et presque tous les hommes de la terre étaient redevenus aussi mauvais que ceux qui avaient péri dans cette grande inondation — Le Seigneur fit de nouveau alliance avec un autre saint homme et lui promit. qu'il serait le père d'un grand peuple qui devait être le peuple de Dieu — Cependant, cet homme était vieux, sa femme l'était aussi, et il n'avait pas d'enfants; mais il croyait fermement à la promesse du Seigneur. Il qui, tout en sonnant, et s'en alla avec son neveu dans la terre que Dieu lui montra et qu'il lui promit de donner à sa postérité — Là trois anges apparaurent à sa femme, et lui dirent que dans un an elle aurait un fils, ce qui arriva en effet. Le neveu du saint patriarche était allé habiter dans une ville où les gens étaient si méchants que Dieu, pour la punir, résolut de la brûler en faisant tomber sur elle le feu du ciel, mais avant cela, il envoie deux anges pour l'en faire sortir, lui et toute sa famille. Les anges entrèrent dans cette ville sous la forme de deux hommes, et les habitants les reçurent comme des étrangers, voulant les outrager; mais les anges firent que ces hommes méchants et dégoûtants ne purent même regarder derrière eux. Aussitôt qu'ils furent sortis, Dieu fit tomber une pluie de feu et de soufre, qui dévora cette ville et une autre qui était également coupable; tous leurs habitants périrent par les flammes. La femme, en entendant le bruit de ce vaste incendie, se retourna pour regarder malgré la défense des anges, et sur l'heure elle fut punie de sa curiosité. L'enfant dont les trois anges avaient annoncé la naissance, était déjà grand lorsqu'un jour Dieu dit à son père : « Prends... ton fils unique et va sur la montagne que je te montrerai, là tu me l'offres en holocauste » c'est-à-dire, tu le feras mourir et tu brûleras son corps. — Le père, homme d'une grande foi, sans hésiter prie son cher enfant avec deux serviteurs, qui portaient le bois et sans parler de ce qu'ils allaient faire, marchent pendant trois jours avant d'arriver au bas de la montagne. — Là, le père dit aux deux serviteurs, de ne pas aller plus loin ; il met le bois sur les épaules de son fils ; lui, prend le fer et le feu et se dirige tout seul de la deuxième vers le sommet de la montagne. — Avant d'y arriver, l'enfant dit à son père : « Mon père, nous portons le feu et le bois, mais où est donc la victime qui doit être égorgée ? » Et le père répond : « Mon fils, Dieu y pourvoira » Lorsqu'ils sont arrivés à l'endroit désigné, le père fait avec des pierres un autel sur lequel il place le bois ; ensuite il prend son fils, âgé de trente ans environ, le couche sur le bois et l'attache ; il va lui donner la mort ; il a le bras levé et le glaive à la main — Mais un ange l'arrête aussitôt et lui dit : « Ne fais point mourir cet enfant ; je vois maintenant que tu crains Dieu et que pour lui obéir tu n'as pas épargné ton fils unique ». Le père dans son émotion regarde autour de lui, et apercevant un bélier émoussé par les cornes, dans un buisson, le prend et l'offre à Dieu à la place de son enfant chéri — Dieu renouvelle alors à ce saint patriarche les promesses qu'il lui avait fait. déjà faite, c'est-à-dire de rendre sa postérité aussi nombreuse que les étoiles du firmament et que les grains de sable de la mer — Dieu ajoute qu'il bénira en sa race toute les nations de la terre, ce qui veut dire qu'il fera sortir d'elle le Sauveur du genre humain — Abraham, Loth, Isaac — Statue de sel, la montagne de Moria près de Jérusalem. Écrivez : croyait, pria, plaça. CHAPITRE IV. 11. Ce saint homme qui vena de montrer tant d'obéissance aux ordres du Seigneur, au moment de mourir de marier son fils, ce tendre fils si soumis à son père — C'est ce jeune homme qui était l'héritier des promesses de Dieu ; aussi quelques années après son mariage, il devint père de deux enfants jumeaux dont l'un vendit à son frère son droit d'aînesse pour un plat de lentilles, et fut ensuite privé de la bénédiction de son père — À cette occasion, il entra dans une grande colère et voulut tuer son frère — Mais celui-ci, qui était l'aîné et qui vena de être béni par son père, s'en alla dans un pays où était son oncle, le père de sa mère, laquelle lui avait donné ce conseil — Après avoir marché toute la journée, il se coucha le soir en pleine campagne, mit une pierre sur sa tête et s'endormit. — Pendant son sommeil, il vit une échelle qui touchait le ciel et la terre et des anges qui montaient, et. descendai, par cette échelle Au sommet de l'échelle, il vit le Seigneur qui lui dit : « Je suis le Dieu de tes pères; je te donnerai la terre sur laquelle tu dors. Toutes les nations seront béni.es en toi et en celui qui sortira de toi » — À son réveil, ce jeune homme consacra au Seigneur la pierre sur laquelle il avait reposé sa tête, et donna à cet endroit le nom de Maison de Dieu — Ensuite il continua sa route et arriva à la maison de son oncle qui lui garder ses troupeaux, pendant vingt ans. — Là, ce jeune homme se maria et eut douze fils et une fille — Après vingt ans, sort de son pays, il revint avec toute sa famille auprès de ses parents. — Le long de sa route, il rencontra des anges et il lutta toute la nuit avec un — Cet ange lui donna un nom qui signifia fortement contre Dieu même, et il lui dit qu'il ne devait plus craindre les hommes. — Alors continué son chemin, il rencontra son frère qui autrefois voulait le faire mourir; ils allèrent l'un au-devant de l'autre et s'embrassèrent en pleurant. — Depuis lors, ils furent toujours amis. Les douze fils de cet homme furent nommés, les douze patriarches, et furent les douze chefs du peuple de Dieu — Parmi ces douze enfants, il y en avait un tout jeune que le père aimait plus que les autres, c'est pourquoi il lui avait donné une plus jolie robe — Un des enfants raconta aussi à ses frères, qu'il avait eu des rêves. durant la nuit, et il leur dit ce qu'il avait vu — « Il me semblait, dit-il, que nous étions ensemble dans un chameau, nous liions des gerbes et la mienne se tenait débouclée toute seule pendant que les vôtres se courbait devant elle et semblait l'adorer— Une autre fois, il m'a semblé voir encore le soleil, la lune et onze étoiles, qui m'adoraient. » Ses frères, déjà très jaloux à cause de la préférence que leur père avait pour lui, après le récit de ses songes, résolurent de le faire mourir — Un jour qu'ils étaient à la campagne à garder les troupeaux, le père dit à son jeune fils d'aller voir ce que faisaient ses frères — Aussitôt que ceux-ci le virent venir de loin, ils se dirent l'un à l'autre : « Voici notre songeur qui vient, tuons-le et nous dirons à notre père qu'une bête féroce l'a dévoré » — Cependant il y en eut un qui dit : « Non, ne tuons pas notre frère, mais descendons-le dans cette citerne sans eau » — Et quand le jeune enfant fut arrivé près d'elle, ils prirent et le descendirent dans la citerne. Vers la fin du jour, il passa des marchands qui allaient dans un pays éloigné, aussitôt un autre de ces méchantes gens dit : « Sortons notre frère de la citerne et vendons-le à ces étrangers qui passent. » — Ils arrêtèrent donc ces étrangers et leur vendirent leur jeune frère pour une pièce d'argent. — Ensuite ils prirent sa jolie robe, la trempèrent dans le sang d'un cheval et la portèrent à leur père en lui disant : « Voilà si ce n'est pas la robe de votre fils ? » — Le malheureux. père en la voix - s'écria : « Ah ! c'est bien elle ; une bête cruelle a dévoré mon fils ! » — Aussitôt il se mit à pleurer et il dit à ses autres enfants : « Je pleurerai, mon fils, jusqu'à sa mort. » Esaü, Jacob, Laban, Rebecca, Joseph, — Mésopotamie. Écrivez : Lentilles, fille, ayant, chefs, mienne, vient, voyez, voyant, bien. CHAPITRE V. 13. Les marchands conduisirent l'enfant dans un pays étranger; là il le revendirent à un homme qui commandait les troupes du roi de ce pays — Dieu aimait cet enfant parce qu'il était sage et obéissant; aussi à cause de lui, il favorisa celui qui l'avait acheté, c'est-à-dire qu'il le fit mieux réussir dans ses affaires. — Ce homme ne tarda pas non plus à aimer son jeune serviteur, âgé de quinze ou seize ans; il mit en lui toute sa confiance et le laissa comme maître dans sa maison — Ce garçon était alors heureux autant qu'il est possible de l'être lorsqu'on se trouve éloigné de son père et de sa mère; mais voilà qu'un jour la femme de son maître qui était méchante, l'accusa devant son mari d'une faute qu'il n'avait pas committe — Le mari crut sa femme et fit mettre le brave jeune homme en prison où il resta longtemps, quoique bien innocent. Lui arrivèrent dans cette prison deux serviteurs du roi, et qu'une nuit tous les deux eurent un songe dont ils demandèrent l'explication au nouveau prisonnier : L'un dit qu'il avait vu dans son rêve une vigne ayant trois branches chargées de grappes de raisin; que lui prenait ces raisins, les pressait, faisait couler le vin dans la coupe du roi et qu'ensuite il lui servait à boire. — Le jeune homme dit à celui-là que dans trois jours, jours il sortira de prison et il le pria de se souvenir de lui lorsqu'il serait auprès du roi, car il n'était pas coupable — L'autre serviteur raconta aussi son rêve en disant qu'il lui avait semblé qu'il portait trois corbeaux sur la tête, que celle qui était la plus haute était remplie de gâtées. que les oiseaux venaient becqueter. Le jeune homme dit à ce malheureux serviteur que dans trois jours, le roi lui ferait couper la tête et attacher son corps à une croix où les oiseaux mangeront sa chair. Le serviteur qui fut rétabli dans sa charge ne parla pas au roi du jeune homme, et ce pauvre enfant resta encore pendant deux ans dans la prison — Au bout de ce temps, le roi eut aussi deux songes. Dans le premier, il lui semblait voir trois vaches, l'une grasses et les autres maigres, sortir d'un fleuve, et quand elles furent réunies, les maigres mangèrent celle qui était grasse. — Dans le second songe, il avait vu trois épis de blé remplis de grain, dévorés par un autre qui n'en avait pas. Le roi, à son réveil, était effrayé de ce qu'il avait vu; il consulta aussitôt tous les devins de son royaume, mais pas un ne put lui expliquer ses deux songes. — Alors, en s'excusant de son oubli, le serviteur dit au roi que dans la prison se trouvait un jeune étranger qui en avait expliqué un à lui et à son compagnon et que tout ce qu'il leur avait dit était arrivé — Le roi ordonna qu'on le lui amène. sur-le-champ. — Quand le jeune homme entendu les songes, il dit au roi que tous les deux ans suivant une grande abondance qui sera suivi de six autres années d'une horrible famine, et il ajouta que le roi devait choisir un homme sage et le charger de faire ramasser une grande quantité de blé pendant les années d'abondance afin de préserver le peuple des tourments de la famine. — Le roi étonné de la sagesse de ce jeune homme, dit qu'il ne pouvait trouver personne de plus digne que lui pour exécuter ce qu'il venait de dire. — Puis tirant l'anneau de son doigt, il le mit à celui du jeune homme; il lui mit aussi un collier d'or autour du cou, et le fit revêtir d'une belle tunique; ensuite il le fit monter sur son char et commanda qu'un herald marchât devant pour obliger tout le monde à fléchir le genou devant le sage jeune homme qu'il avait appelé le sauveur du monde. — En même temps, le roi le fit son premier ministre et gouverneur de tout le royaume. Voilà maintenant cet enfant que ses frères voulaient faire mourir, et qu'il vendit pour une pièce d'argent. — Il va lui-même par sa sagesse préserver de la mort une grande quantité de personnes et ses frères même. — Maintenant, il est ministre, il est gouverneur d'un grand pays où il est tout-puissant et le premier après le roi. Putiphar, Pharaon — grand échanson, grand panetier, — Egypte. Écrivez: garçon, corbeilles, sept, quand, effrayé, royaume, annonçaient. CHAPITRE VI. Après avoir été revêtu de tant de dignités, le nouveau gouverneur, alors âgé de trente ans, fit faire aussitôt des greniers dans toutes les villes du royaume et les fit remplir de blé pendant les années d'abondance. d'abondance—Ainsi qu'il l'avait prédit, une grande stérilité succéda à l'abondance et bien vite, de tous côtés, on s'adressa au roi pour acheter du blé ; mais le roi renvoyait tout le monde à son gouverneur qui en faisait donner à tout ceux qui lui en demandaient. — La famine se fit sentir dans beaucoup de pays, mais surtout dans celui du gouverneur où se trouvaient ses frères, qui l'avaient vendu et son père, qui l'avait tant pleuré — Quand ce bon père, qui était déjà vieux, vit qu'on vendait du blé dans un pays étranger, il envoya ses enfants, mais il garda avec lui le plus jeune — Les dix autres partirent ensemble et après avoir trouvé cet homme riche et puissant, qui avait une si grande quantité de blé à vendre — Ils se présentèrent devant lui — En les voyant, le gouverneur reconnut tout de suite ceux qui l'avaient descendu autrefois dans la citerne, mais ses frères ne le reconnurent plus ; lui fit comme s'il ne comprenait pas leur langage, et il leur parla par un interprète — « A coup sûr, leur dit-il, vous êtes des espions, venus ici pour voir les endroits mal fortifiés du pays — Non, seigneur, répondirent-ils, telle n'est pas notre intention ; notre père nous a envoyés pour acheter du blé — Nous étions douze frères, le plus jeune est resté avec notre père et l'autre n'est plus en vie. — Je m'assurerai, dit le gouverneur, si c'est la vérité; vous ne sortirez d'ici que lorsque j'aurai vu votre plus jeune frère, et il les fit entrer. mettre en prison — Trois jours après, il leur dit : « Que l'un de vous reste encore dans la prison, et que les autres prennent leur sac de blé et aille chercher ce jeune frère dont vous m'avez parlé — Alors ils se regardèrent, et se disant l'un à l'autre : « Tout ce qui nous arrive n'est que trop juste, car nous sommes coupables envers notre frère que nous voulions faire mourir ; nous n'avons pas eu pitié de lui et nous n'avons pas écouté les prières qu'il nous adressait.» Ils parlèrent ainsi entre eux et ne se doutaient pas que le gouverneur comprit leurs paroles ni qu'il était leur frère, car ce jeune enfant qu'ils avaient vendu pour une pièce d'argent était là devant eux comme un roi ; et, en les entendant parler de lui, il ne pouvait retenir ses larmes. — Il sortit un moment pour pleurer, et commanda à ses officiers de remplir de blé les sacs de ses frères et d'y mettre dedans l'argent qu'ils avaient apporté ; puis il en garda un prisonnier et laissa partir les autres. De retour dans leur pays, ces enfants furent très étonnés de trouver dans leurs sacs l'argent qu'ils avaient donné pour le blé ; ensuite ils racontèrent à leur père tout ce qui leur était arrivé ; et le père fut très affligé de la promesse qu'ils avaient faite au gouverneur de lui amener leur jeune frère, et dit que jamais il ne le laisserait partir de peur qu'il ne lui arrive encore quelque autre malheur — Cependant le blé finissait et la famine dura toujours or, comme il voulait les envoyer en acheter encore, il répondit. qu'il n'irait pas, si leur jeune frère ne venait avec eux, et l'un d'eux s'engagea à le ramener sain et sauf — Le père, forcé par la nécessité, laissa aller son jeune fils en prières. Dieu de le préserver de tout accident — Il fit prendre à ses enfants beaucoup de présents pour offrir au gouverneur et une somme d'argent, double de la première. Aussi tout que celui-ci sut que ses frères étaient de retour et qu'ils amenaient leur jeune frère, il ordonna à son intendant de préparer un festin — Lorsqu'il parut, devant lui il le salua en s'inclinant jusqu'à terre et lui offrit leur présent. — Le gouverneur les salua aussi avec bonté et leur demanda des nouvelles de leur père; puis il leur dit, en désignant le plus jeune : « Est-ce là votre frère dont vous m'aviez parlé ? Que Dieu te conserve et te soit toujours favorable, lui dit-il ». Mais le gouverneur à la vue de ce jeune enfant qui était de la même mère que lui, ne put plus retenir ses larmes; il fut obligé de sortir pour pleurer; puis s'étant lavé le visage, il rentra et se mit à table avec ses frères. — Le repas fini, le gouverneur ordonna qu'on remplit les sacs de ses frères, qu'on y mit encore l'argent qu'ils avaient apporté et que l'on cachait sa coupe dans celui du plus jeune — A peine était-il parti, qu'il fit. courir après son intendant, qui les accusa d'avoir volé la coupe de son maître. Tous protestèrent contre une pareille action en disant : « Que celui d'entre nous qui sera reconnu coupable de ce vol soit puni de mort, et que les autres soient les esclaves de votre maître » On visita les sacs et la coupe se trouva dans celui du plus jeune. Alors, tous déchirèrent leurs vêtements en signe de douleur et revinrent à la ville accablés de chagrin. Le gouverneur en les voyant leur dit : « Pourquoi m'avez-vous rendu le mal pour le bien ? Que celui qui a ma coupe soit mon esclave ; les autres sont libres, de partir » Alors, celui qui avait promis à son père de lui ramener son jeune frère, se jeta aux pieds du gouverneur et lui dit : « Seigneur, que je sois moi votre esclave à la place de ce jeune enfant, car notre père mourra de douleur s'il ne voit pas retourner son fils chéri — Mais le gouverneur ne pouvait plus retenir ses larmes, s'écria en pleurant : Je suis votre frère ; mon père vit-il encore ? Ne craignez rien, approchez-vous de moi, car c'est Dieu qui a voulu tout ce qui est arrivé, et qui m'a fait venir dans ce pays pour vous sauver la vie. Restez-vous d'aller chercher mon père, je vous nourrirai ici car il reste encore cinq années de famine. » Il les embrassa tous tendrement et surtout le plus jeune pour lequel il avait une affection particulière. Quand le père apprit que son fils vivait encore, il s'écria qu'il n'avait plus peur. Si l'on a désiré sur la terre : "J'irai, dit-il, et je le verrai avant de mourir" — Et il partit avec toute sa famille, composée de soixante-dix personnes. Le gouverneur alla au-devant de son père et dès qu'il le vit, il courut, se jeta à son cou ; mais leurs larmes étouffèrent leur parole, ils restèrent longtemps dans les bras l'un de l'autre sans pouvoir se parler. Il le présenta ensuite au roi qui lui demanda son âge — Le bon vieillard répondit : « Depuis trente ans, je voyage sur la terre, et ces jours derniers, nombreux sont ceux de mes parents, ont été attristés par beaucoup de malheurs. » — Le roi lui donna une terre très-fertile où il vécut encore dix-sept ans. Avant de mourir, il fit promettre au gouverneur de faire transporter son corps dans le tombeau de ses pères ; puis il réunit ses autres enfants autour de son lit de mort, et leur prédit ce qui devait arriver à chacun — Il dit au quatrième que le Désiré des nations, c'est-à-dire le Messie, naîtra de sa race, et que le sceptre n'en sortira pas jusqu'à cet heureux avènement. Après avoir fini de parler, il expira au milieu d'eux. Aussitôt qu'il fut mort, le gouverneur l'embrassa, en pleura ; puis il fit embaumer le corps de son père et le conduisit lui-même, accompagné de ses frères, dans son pays où il fut déposé dans le sépulcre de ses ancêtres. 19. De retour, les frères du gouverneur virent que leur père n'était plus et que leur frère était tout puissant. Craignant qu'il ne les punisse pour le mal qu'ils avaient voulu lui faire dans son enfance; mais celui-ci les rassura tout de suite en leur répétant que Dieu avait tout permis pour un plus grand bien; et il vécut encore avec eux pendant de longues années sans cesser de les combler de toute sorte de bonté. — Avant de mourir, il leur annonça qu'il ne serait pas pour toujours dans cette terre étrangère, mais que Dieu les visiterait et leur enverrait un libérateur qui les en ferait sortir et les conduirait dans celle qui avait été promise à leurs ancêtres. — Ensuite ce gouverneur, qui avait toujours été sage, fit promettre à ses frères qu'ils emporteraient son corps avec eux; et il mourut à l'âge de cent dix ans. Les douze enfants de Jacob sont : Ruben, Simon, Levi, Dan, Juda, Gad, Aser, Issachar, Zabulon, Joseph et Benjamin. Il eut aussi une fille nommée Dinah. La terre de Canaan, de Gessen. — Écrivez : Renvoyait, envoyés, prennent, aillent, s'engagèrent, pareille, pieds, vieillard, voyage, sceptre, annonça, aïeux. ABRÈGE DE GRAMMAIRE. 1° Il y a dix sortes de mots: le nom, l'article, l'adjectif, le pronom, le verbe, le participe, l'adverbe, la préposition, la conjonction et l'interjection. Le nom sert à distinguer les différentes espèces des êtres, et à nommer tout ce qui existe. Un nom est au singulier quand il ne désigne qu'un seul être, comme mon livre, mon cahier, mon crayon, ma plume, un arbre, une feuille, une plante, le tableau, le buisson, le cheval, la table, la carte, la chaise, un feu, un cheveu, un neveu; et il est au pluriel quand il désigne plusieurs êtres, comme mes livres, mes cahiers, mes crayons, mes plumes, des arbres, des feuilles, des plantes, les tableaux, les cartes, les chaises, des feux, des cheveux, des neveux; alors il doit se terminer par un s, ou un x, ou un z. On dit qu'un nom est masculin quand il désigne un être mâle, comme un bœuf, un cheval, un mouton, un coq, le tableau, le livre, le fauteuil, le solitaire; et qu'il est féminin, quand il désigne un être femelle, comme une vache, une cavale, une brebis, une poule, la table, la lettre, la chaise, la lune. On appelle article quelque petit mot. que l'on met devant le nom, et qui sont : le, la, les, au, au., du, des— L'adjectif sert à faire connaître la couleur, la forme, l'état, la qualité des êtres. Blanc, noir, rouge, gris, vert, violet, bleu, ton, court, rond, carré, grand, petit, bon, mauvais, neuf, vieux, mécanique, sont des adjectifs, parce que l'on peut dire : un homme bon, grand, petit, mauvais, méchant; un abîme blanc, noir, rouge, vert, violet, bleu, bon; court, vieux, neuf. Quand le nom des êtres est féminin, on met l'adjectif au féminin et le faisant terminer par un e muet. Ainsi on peut dire : une femme bonne, grande, petite, mauvaise, méchante, eureuse; une robe blanche, noire, rouge, grise, verte, violette, bleu; longue, courte, vieille, neuve, une table ronde, carrée. Quand le nom est au pluriel, on met aussi l'adjectif au pluriel en le faisant terminer par un s. Les noms et les adjectifs, qui sont terminés au singulier par un s, un x ou un z, ne changent pas au pluriel. Il y a encore d'autres mots que l'on appelle adjectifs : ce, cet, cette, ces; mon, ton, son, ma, ta, sa, notre, votre, leur; mes, tes, ses; nos, vos, leurs; un, deux, trois, quatre, etc; premier, deuxième, troisième, quatrième, etc; aucun, autre, certain, chaque, même, nul, pas un, plusieurs, quel, quelconque, quelque, tel, tout. Le pronom se met à la place du nom ; et il y a les pronoms de la personne qui parle, de celle à qui l'on parle, et de celle de qui l'on parle. de la deuxième sont : tu, te, toi, vous; le, la, les, le, la, les, le, la, les; le vôtre, la vôtre, les vôtre. --Les pronoms de la troisième personne ou des choses, dont on parle, sont : il, il., elle, elle., le, la, les, lui, leur, eu., se., soi, en, y; le, la, les, le, la, les, le leur, la leur, les leur.; Celui, celui-ci, celaille, celle, celle-ci, celle-là, ce, ce-ci, celà, ceu. Ce qui, ce là, celle-ci, celle-là, lequel, laquelle, lesquels, de laquelle, desquels, desquelles, duquel, à laquelle, auquel, au quelle; qui, que, quoi, donné, où; autre chose, autrui, chacun, l'un, l'autre, on, personne, quelque chose, quelqu'un, quiconque, qui que ce soit. On appelle verbe le nom que l'on a donné aux actions de tous les êtres. Voici les verbes qui servent à conjuguer presque tous les autres. Verbe AVOIR — ayant, eu, eue Maintenant J'ai Tu as Il a Nous avons Vous avez Ils ont Autrefois J'avais Tu avais Il avait Nous avions Vous aviez Ils avaient Hier J'eus Tu eus Il eut Nous eûmes Vous eûtes Ils eurent Demain J'aurai Tu auras Il aura Nous aurons Vous aurez Ils auront Si je voulais J'aurais Tu aurais Il aurait Nous aurions Vous auriez Ils auraient Aujourd'hui Àie Ayons Ayez Il faut Que j'aie Que tu aies Qu'il ait Que nous ayons Que vous ayez Qu'ils aient Il faudrait Que j'eusse Que tu eusses Qu'il eût Que nous eussions Que vous eussiez Qu'ils eussent Verbe ÊTRE — étant, été Maintenant Je suis Tu es Il est Nous sommes Vous êtes Ils sont Autrefois J'étais Tu étais Il était Nous étions Vous étiez Ils étaient Hier Je fus Tu fus Il fut Nous fûmes Vous fûtes Ils furent Demain Je serai Tu seras Il sera Nous serons Vous serez Ils seront Si je voulais Je serais Tu serais Il serait Nous serions Vous seriez Ils seraient Aujourd'hui Sois Soyons Soyez Il faut Que je sois Que tu sois Qu'il soit Que nous soyons Que vous soyez Qu'ils soient Il faudrait Que je fusse Que tu fusses Qu'il fût Que nous fussions Que vous fussiez Qu'ils fussent Verbe AIMER — aimant, aimé, e Maintenant J'aime Tu aimes Il aime Nous aimons Vous aimez Ils aiment Autrefois J'aimais Tu aimais Il aimait Nous aimions Vous aimiez Ils aimaient Hier J'aimai Tu aimas Il aima Nous aimâmes Vous aimâtes Ils aimèrent Demain J'aimerai Tu aimeras Il aimera Nous aimerons Vous aimerez Ils aimeront Si je voulais J'aimerais Tu aimerais Il aimerait Nous aimerions Vous aimeriez Ils aimeraient Aujourd'hui Aime Aimons Aimez Il faut Que j'aime Que tu aimes Qu'il aime Que nous aimons Que vous aimiez Qu'ils aiment Il faudrait Que j'aimasse Que tu aimasses Qu'il aimât Que nous aimassions Que vous aimassiez Qu'ils aimassent Verbe FINIR — finissant, fini, e Maintenant Je finis Tu finis Il finit Nous finissons Vous finissez Ils finissent Autrefois Je finissais Tu finissais Il finissait Nous finissions Vous finissiez Ils finissaient Hier Je finis Tu finis Il finit Nous finîmes Vous finîtes Ils finirent Demain Je finirai Tu finiras Il finira Nous finirons Vous finirez Ils finiront Si je voulais Je finirais Tu finirais Il finirait Nous finirions Vous finiriez Ils finiraient Aujourd'hui Finis Finissons Finissez Il faut Que je finisse Que tu finisses Qu'il finisse Que nous finissions Que vous finissiez Qu'ils finissent Il faudrait Que je finisse Que tu finisses Qu'il finît Que nous finissions Que vous finissiez Qu'ils finissent Verbe RECEVOIR — recevant, reçut, e Maintenant Je reçois Tu reçois Il reçoit Nous recevons Vous recevez Ils reçoivent Autrefois Je recevais Tu recevais Il recevait Nous recevions Vous receviez Ils recevaient Hier Je reçus Tu reçus Il reçut Nous reçûmes Vous reçûtes Ils reçurent Demain Je recevrai Tu recevras Il recevra Nous recevrons Vous recevrez Ils recevront Si je voulais Je recevrais, tu recevrais, il recevrait, nous recevrions, vous receviez, ils recevraient. Aujourd'hui, reçois, recevons, recevez. Il faut que je reçoive, que tu reçoives, qu'il reçoive, que nous recevions, que vous receviez, qu'ils reçoivent. Il faudrait que je reçusse, que tu reçusses, qu'il reçut, que nous reçussions, que vous reçussiez, qu'ils reçussent. VERBE RENDRE — rendant, rendu, é Maintenant, je rends, tu rends, il rend, nous rendons, vous rendez, ils rendent. Autrefois, je rendais, tu rendais, il rendait, nous rendions, vous rendiez, ils rendaient. Hier, je rendis, tu rendis, il rendit, nous rendîmes, vous rendîtes, ils rendirent. Demain, je rendrai, tu rendras, il rendra, nous rendrons, vous rendrez, ils rendront. Si je voulais, je rendrais, tu rendrais, il rendrait, nous rendrions, vous rendriez, ils rendraient. Cette semaine, rends, rendons, rendez. Il faut que je rende, que tu rendes, qu'il rende, que nous rendions, que vous rendiez, qu'ils rendent. Il faudrait que je rendisse, que tu rendisses, qu'il rendît, que nous rendissions, que vous rendissiez, qu'ils rendissent. Le verbe est au singulier quand il désigne l'action d'un seul être, comme : je chante, tu chantes, il chante; il est au pluriel quand il désigne l'action de plusieurs êtres, comme : nous chantons, vous chantez, ils chantent. Pour apprendre l'orthographe, il faut... Le dictionnaire, ensuite on n'a qu'à consulter quelque simple règle de grammaire pour voir comment les modifications s'appliquent. Entre autres, et on peut parvenir bientôt à écrire correctement. Les principales modifications variables sont de quatre sortes, savoir : le nom, l'adjectif, le verbe et le participe. La correction du nom, de l'adjectif et du participe est tout bonnement une question de genre et de nombre. — Le verbe au lieu du genre, a le temps et le mode — et le participe n'est autre chose que le verbe sous forme d'adjectif. Il y en a de deux sortes : le participe présent, qui est toujours invariable et terminé par ant, comme chantant, dansant, aimant ; et le participe passé terminé ordinairement par é, i, u, s, t, comme aimé, fini, rendu, mis, fait, et qui s'accorde généralement en genre et en nombre avec le mot auquel il se rapporte, excepté lorsqu'il est conjugué avec le verbe avoir ou le verbe être et que ce mot. Est placé près de lui. Exemple : J'ai aimé la danse; ils ont fini leur travail; nous avons écrit des lettres; ils se sont coupés la main; ces deux amis se sont écrit plusieurs lettres; elle aura lu ma lettre. — 7. L'adverbe, la préposition, la conjonction et l'interjection sont les quatre espèces de mots qui s'écrivent toujours de la même manière, et qui servent à modifier la signification de certains mots; à indiquer le rapport que d'autres ont entre eux; à lier les propositions entre elles; et enfin, à exprimer les émotions diverses de l'âme. Voici les formes : mon, ma, mes, mes; ton, ta, tes, tes; ton, ta, tes, tes; son, sa, ses, ses; leur, leur, leurs, leurs. Les miennes, les tiennes, les siennes, les nôtres, les vôtres, les leurs. Écrivez : crayon, feuille, crayons, feuilles, fauteuil, soleil, vieille, mien, tien, sien, mienne, tienne, sienne. TABLE DE MULTIPLICATION 2 1. 2 font 4 3 8 font 24 5 9 45 2-3 — 6 3—9 27 —————— 2 4 — 8 6 font 36 2 5 — 10 4 font 16 6 7 — 42 12 6 — 12 4 5 20 6 8 48 2 7 — 14 4 6 24 6 9 54 2 — 8 16 4-7 28 2 9 18 4-8 32 7-8 56 4-9 36-8 56 3 font 3 9 49 36 7 — 9 63 4 12 5 font 25 3 4 12 5 font 25 8 font 64 3 5 15 5 6 — 30 8 9 72 3 6 — 18 5 7 — 35 3 font 7 — 21 5 8 — 40 9 font 9 font 81 TABLE D'ADDITION letitre 2, 4 et 1 font -5 7 et 1 font 8 -2 3 4 2 -6, 7 2 — 9 1 — 3 — 4 4 — 3 — 7 7 3 10 4 — 4 — 4 — 8 7 4 11. 1 — 5 — 6 4, — 5 — 9 7—5--12 1.— 6 — -7, 6 -10 7 6 13 1 7 8 4 — 7 — 11 7—7—14 8 9 4—8—12. 7 8 15 1 — 9—10 4 — 9 — 13 7—9—16 2 et 1 f.3 5 et 1 f. 6 8 et 1 f. 9 2 2 — 4 5— 2 — 7 8 2 10 2 — 3 — 5 5-38 8.— 3 — 11 2 — 4— 6 5-49 8-4-12 2 5 7 5—6—10 8 -5 13 2 — 6 — 8 5 -6 11 8 6 14 2 — 7 — 9, 5 7 12 8 7 15 2--8—10 5 8 13 8 8 16 ,2 — 9 — 11 5--9—14 8—9—17 3 et 1 f. 4 6 et 1 f. -7 9 et 1 f. 10 3 2 5 6 — 2 — 8 9 2 11 -3 3 6 6, 3 9 9 — 3 — 3? -3 4 7 6 — 4 — 10 9 4, 13 3 — 5 — 8 6 — 5 — 11 9-5 — 14 3 6 9 6 6 12 9 6 15 3 7 10 -6 — 7—13 9 — 7 — 10 3 — 8 — 11 6—8 — 14 9 — 8 11 9-9-12 6 — 9 — 15 9 9 17 -, _-: ,
| 24,544 |
2574548_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,013 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 25 | 68 |
210 P.3d 755 (2007)
NEVADA'S PETTICOAT JUNCTION
v.
CO. OF CHURCHILL.
No. 48665.
Supreme Court of Nevada.
September 18, 2007.
Decision without published opinion. Dismissed-Stipulation.
| 43,119 |
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E4%BB%80%E6%8B%89%20%28%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E9%A6%AC%E5%B7%9E%29
|
Wikipedia
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Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
庫什拉 (阿拉巴馬州)
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https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=庫什拉 (阿拉巴馬州)&action=history
|
Chinese
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Spoken
| 5 | 106 |
庫什拉（）是一個位於美國阿拉巴馬州莫比爾縣的非建制地區。該地的面積和人口皆未知。
地理
庫什拉的座標為，而該地的平均海拔高度為19米（即62英尺）。
參考文獻
阿拉巴馬州非建制地區
| 48,596 |
https://github.com/rcorre/alecs/blob/master/inc/system/body_sys.h
|
Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,019 |
alecs
|
rcorre
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C
|
Code
| 87 | 187 |
#ifndef BODY_SYS_H
#define BODY_SYS_H
/** \file body_sys.h
* \brief system that handles movement of physical bodies.
* operates on \ref Body components
**/
#include "ecs.h"
/** system function to update movement of physical bodies */
void body_system_fn(double time);
/** set up a body component to have constant velocity
* \param b Body component to modify
* \param vel constant linear velocity of body (px/sec)
* \param angular_vel constant angular velocity of body (radians/sec)
**/
void make_constant_vel_body(Body *b, vector vel);
#endif /* end of include guard: BODY_SYS_H */
| 14,971 |
https://github.com/iremsevim/CARD-MATCHING/blob/master/Assets/Scripts/GameManager.cs
|
Github Open Source
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Open Source
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Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
CARD-MATCHING
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iremsevim
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C#
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Code
| 843 | 4,244 |
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Linq;
using DG.Tweening;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour
{
public static GameManager instance;
public RunTimeData runTimeData;
private void Awake()
{
instance = this;
deta x = new deta();
}
public void Update()
{
if(runTimeData.IsGameStarted)
{
runTimeData.GameTime += Time.deltaTime;
}
}
public void CreateSelectCategoryButton()
{
foreach (Transform item in GameData.instance.uI.menu.selectorCatoryMenu.carrier)
{
Destroy(item.gameObject);
}
foreach (var item in GameData.instance.uI.menu.selectorCatoryMenu.AllCategoryItem)
{
GameObject createditem = Instantiate(GameData.instance.uI.menu.selectorCatoryMenu.prefab, GameData.instance.uI.menu.selectorCatoryMenu.carrier);
createditem.GetComponent<SelectCategoryItem>().SetUp(item.title, () =>
{
Worker.AudioWorker.PlayAudio(GameData.AudioType.butonclick);
Debug.Log(item.title);
GameData.instance.uI.game.gametitle.text = item.title;
GameData.instance.uI.game.gametitle.text = item.title;
GameData.UI.UI_MENU.UI_SelectorCatoryMenu.SelectItemProfil findeditem = GameData.instance.uI.menu.selectorCatoryMenu.AllCategoryItem.Find(x => x == item);
runTimeData.allımages.AddRange(findeditem.Images);
runTimeData.Alltext.AddRange(findeditem.Words);
Worker.UI_Worker.UI_Menu.SelectCategoryToInGame();
});
}
}
public void CreateCard()
{
runTimeData.AllObject.ForEach(x => Destroy(x.gameObject));
runTimeData.AllObject.Clear();
Worker.AudioWorker.PlayAudio(GameData.AudioType.gamestart);
runTimeData.currentscore = 0;
runTimeData.IsGameStarted = true;
runTimeData.findedtextID = -1;
runTimeData.findedımageID = -1;
List<Sprite> fakelist = runTimeData.allımages.ToList();
List<Transform> fakepointlist = runTimeData.AllCardPoints.ToList();
List<string> fakestringlist = runTimeData.Alltext.ToList();
Debug.Log(runTimeData.totalgameobjectccount = runTimeData.allımages.Count + runTimeData.Alltext.Count);
for (int i = 0; i < runTimeData.allımages.Count; i++)
{
int index = i;
Transform cardcreatedpoint = fakepointlist[Random.Range(0, fakelist.Count)];
fakepointlist.Remove(cardcreatedpoint);
Sprite sprite = fakelist[Random.Range(0, fakelist.Count)];
fakelist.Remove(sprite);
GameObject cardcreated = Instantiate(GameData.instance.uI.game.cardDatas.cardprefab_image, cardcreatedpoint.transform.position, Quaternion.identity);
cardcreated.transform.SetParent(GameData.instance.uI.game.cardDatas.carrierparent);
cardcreated.GetComponent<MatchingCard_Image>().cardımage.sprite = sprite;
runTimeData.AllObject.Add(cardcreated.transform);
cardcreated.GetComponent<MatchingCard_Image>().OnCicked = () =>
{
//Eşleştirmeyi bulabilmek için ID bulunan kısım
Sprite finded = cardcreated.GetComponent<MatchingCard_Image>().cardımage.sprite;
Debug.Log(finded);
if (runTimeData.findedımageID == -1)
runTimeData.findedımageID = runTimeData.allımages.FindIndex(x => x == finded);
else
{
runTimeData.findedtextID = runTimeData.allımages.FindIndex(x => x == finded);
}
Debug.Log(runTimeData.findedımageID);
TryMatchControl();
};
cardcreated.name = runTimeData.allımages.FindIndex(x => x == sprite).ToString();
}
int textcount = runTimeData.Alltext.Count;
for (int i = 0; i < runTimeData.Alltext.Count; i++)
{
Transform cardcreatedpoint = fakepointlist[Random.Range(0, fakelist.Count)];
fakepointlist.Remove(cardcreatedpoint);
string text = fakestringlist[Random.Range(0, fakestringlist.Count)];
fakestringlist.Remove(text);
GameObject createdtext = Instantiate(GameData.instance.uI.game.cardDatas.cardprefab_text, cardcreatedpoint.transform.position, Quaternion.identity);
createdtext.transform.SetParent(GameData.instance.uI.game.cardDatas.carrierparent);
runTimeData.AllObject.Add(createdtext.transform);
createdtext.GetComponent<MatchingCard_Text>().text.text = text;
createdtext.GetComponent<MatchingCard_Text>().OnCicked = () =>
{
//Eşleştirmeyi bulabilmek için ID bulunan kısım
string finded = createdtext.GetComponent<MatchingCard_Text>().text.text;
Debug.Log(finded);
if (runTimeData.findedtextID == -1)
runTimeData.findedtextID = runTimeData.Alltext.FindIndex(x => x == finded);
else
{
runTimeData.findedımageID = runTimeData.Alltext.FindIndex(x => x == finded);
}
Debug.Log(runTimeData.findedtextID);
TryMatchControl();
};
createdtext.name = runTimeData.Alltext.FindIndex(x => x == text).ToString();
}
runTimeData.AllObject.Positionandomizer();
Transform selecteddeliverypoint=runTimeData.AllObject[Random.Range(0, runTimeData.AllObject.Count)];
int step = 0;
foreach (var item in runTimeData.AllObject)
{
Vector3 first = item.eulerAngles;
item.Rotate(0, 0, 90);
step++;
Vector3 firstpoint = item.transform.position;
item.transform.position = selecteddeliverypoint.position;
float time = Random.Range(0.3f, 0.6f);
item.DORotate(first, time);
item.transform.DOMove(firstpoint,time);
}
}
public void HindButon()
{
if (runTimeData.hindcont <= 0) return;
if (runTimeData.findedtextID == -1 && runTimeData.findedımageID == -1) return;//kartların ikisi kapalı
if (runTimeData.findedtextID != -1 && runTimeData.findedımageID != -1) return;//kartların ikisi açık
if (runTimeData.findedımageID!=-1) //Image kartı açıksa
{
List<Transform> filter = runTimeData.AllObject.FindAll(x => x.GetComponent<MatchingCard_Text>());
Transform openedcard=filter.Find(x => x.name == runTimeData.findedımageID.ToString());
openedcard.GetComponent<MatchingCard_Text>().OnClicked();
}
else if(runTimeData.findedtextID!=-1)//Text kartı açıksa
{
List<Transform> filter = runTimeData.AllObject.FindAll(x => x.GetComponent<MatchingCard_Image>());
Transform openedcard = filter.Find(x => x.name == runTimeData.findedtextID.ToString());
openedcard.GetComponent<MatchingCard_Image>().OnClicked();
}
runTimeData.hindcont--;
GameData.instance.uI.game.hinttxt.text =runTimeData.hindcont.ToString();
}
public void GameFinished()
{
Worker.AudioWorker.PlayAudio(GameData.AudioType.win);
int extrascore = (int)(runTimeData.SuccesRate);
runTimeData.currentscore += extrascore;
runTimeData.scorecount += extrascore;
GameData.instance.uI.game.scoretext.text = runTimeData.scorecount.ToString();
GameData.instance.uI.game.ExtraScoreText.text = "BONUS :"+extrascore.ToString();
GameData.instance.uI.game.scoretext.text = runTimeData.scorecount.ToString();
Debug.Log("bitti");
StartCoroutine(WebApi.instance.Service(WebApi.SendTimeAndScoreUrl(runTimeData.loginuserID, runTimeData.GameCode, runTimeData.currentscore.ToString(), ((int)runTimeData.GameTime).ToString()), x => { Debug.Log(x); }));
StartCoroutine(WebApi.instance.Service(WebApi.SendSuccessRateUrl(runTimeData.loginuserID, runTimeData.GameCode, runTimeData.SuccesRate.ToString()), x => { Debug.Log(x); }));
//StartCoroutine(WebApi.instance.Service(WebApi.UpdateDataUrl(runTimeData.loginuserID, runTimeData.GameCode, ((int)runTimeData.GameTime).ToString(), runTimeData.currentscore.ToString(),runTimeData.SuccesRate.ToString()),x=> { Debug.Log(x); }));
runTimeData.falsematchcount = 0;
runTimeData.truematchcount = 0;
runTimeData.IsGameStarted = false;
runTimeData.currentscore = 0;
runTimeData.GameTime = 0;
GameData.instance.uI.game.Confettiparticle.Play();
GameData.instance.uI.game.GameFinishedText.gameObject.SetActive(true);
GameData.instance.uI.game.GameFinishedText.transform.DOScale(GameData.instance.uI.game.GameFinishedText.transform.localScale * 2, 0.15f).OnComplete(() =>
{ GameData.instance.uI.game.GameFinishedText.transform.DOScale(GameData.instance.uI.game.GameFinishedText.transform.localScale / 2, 0.15f); });
IEnumerator build()
{
yield return new WaitForSeconds(4f);
GameData.instance.uI.game.GameFinishedText.gameObject.SetActive(false);
CreateCard();
}
StartCoroutine(build());
}
public void TryMatchControl()
{
if (runTimeData.findedımageID == -1 || runTimeData.findedtextID == -1)
{
return;
}
if (runTimeData.findedımageID == runTimeData.findedtextID)
{
Debug.Log("Eşletirme Başarılı");
runTimeData.scorecount += 10;
runTimeData.currentscore += 10;
GameData.instance.uI.game.scoretext.text = runTimeData.scorecount.ToString();
runTimeData.truematchcount++;
runTimeData.totalgameobjectccount -= 2;
if(runTimeData.totalgameobjectccount<=0)
{
GameFinished();
}
Worker.AudioWorker.PlayAudio(GameData.AudioType.trueevent);
runTimeData.IsControl = true;
foreach (var item in runTimeData.AllObject)
{
if (item.name == runTimeData.findedtextID.ToString() || item.name == runTimeData.findedımageID.ToString())
{
StartCoroutine(TrueClickedDelay(item));
}
}
runTimeData.findedtextID = -1;
runTimeData.findedımageID = -1;
}
else
{
foreach (var item in runTimeData.AllObject)
{
item.DOShakePosition(1.5f);
}
runTimeData.falsematchcount++;
Worker.AudioWorker.PlayAudio(GameData.AudioType.falseevent);
runTimeData.AllObject.ForEach(x => x.GetComponent<Collider2D>().enabled = false);
StartCoroutine(FalseClicked());
}
IEnumerator TrueClickedDelay(Transform item)
{
yield return new WaitForSeconds(0.5f);
item.gameObject.SetActive(false);
GameObject created = Instantiate(GameData.instance.uI.game.DestroyCardParticle, item.position, Quaternion.identity);
Destroy(created, 2f);
}
}
public IEnumerator FalseClicked()
{
yield return new WaitForSeconds(2f);
foreach (var item in runTimeData.AllObject)
{
if (item.name != runTimeData.findedtextID.ToString() || item.name != runTimeData.findedımageID.ToString())
{
item.GetComponent<MatchingCardBase>().card_front.SetActive(false);
}
}
runTimeData.AllObject.ForEach(x => x.GetComponent<Collider2D>().enabled = true);
runTimeData.findedtextID = -1;
runTimeData.findedımageID = -1;
}
public void SoundOffOrOn(bool Status)
{
AudioListener.volume = Status ? 1 : 0;
GameData.instance.uI.SoundOffButton.SetActive(Status);
GameData.instance.uI.SoundOnButton.SetActive(!Status);
}
public void Login()
{
string username = GameData.instance.uI.menu.loginScreen.usernamefield.text;
StartCoroutine(WebApi.instance.Service(WebApi.RegisterUrl(username),
x =>
{
//Onresponse
if (x=="null")
{
// hatalı bilgi girisi
Worker.UI_Worker.UI_Menu.ShowDialog("Invalid Username");
Debug.Log("girilen bilgiler hatalıdır");
}
else if(x.Length>0)
{
//giris basarılı
runTimeData.isloggedin = true;
runTimeData.loginusername = username;
runTimeData.loginuserID = x;
Worker.UI_Worker.UI_Menu.LoginScreenTomenu();
}
},
x =>
{
//on connection error
Debug.Log("Something went wrong");
Worker.UI_Worker.UI_Menu.ShowDialog("Something Went Wrong");
}));
}
}
[System.Serializable]
public class RunTimeData
{
public List<Transform> AllCardPoints;
public List<Sprite> allımages;
public List<string> Alltext;
public List<Transform> AllObject;
public int findedtextID;
public int findedımageID;
public bool IsControl = false;
public int scorecount;
public int currentscore;
public int hindcont = 2;
public List<Sprite> Backgorunds;
public string loginusername;
public string loginuserID;
public bool isloggedin;
public bool IsGameStarted = false;
public int totalgameobjectccount;
public float GameTime;
public string GameCode;
public int falsematchcount;
public int truematchcount;
public float SuccesRate
{
get
{
float total = (truematchcount + falsematchcount);
if (truematchcount <= 0) return 0;
return ((float)truematchcount/total)*100;
}
}
}
public class deta
{
public string x;
public deta()
{
x = "10";
}
~deta()
{
Debug.Log("Hello");
}
}
| 41,921 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22451379
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Fairley Lake
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 113 | 228 |
Fairley Lake
sjö i Kanada
Fairley Lake land Kanada
Fairley Lake instans av insjö
Fairley Lake inom det administrativa området Saskatchewan
Fairley Lake Geonames-ID 5950990
Fairley Lake geografiska koordinater
Fairley Lake CGNDB-ID HABFP
Fairley Lake
lac du Canada
Fairley Lake pays Canada
Fairley Lake nature de l’élément lac
Fairley Lake localisation administrative Saskatchewan
Fairley Lake identifiant GeoNames 5950990
Fairley Lake coordonnées géographiques
Fairley Lake identifiant Base de données toponymiques du Canada HABFP
Fairley Lake
Fairley Lake
lake in Saskatchewan, Canada
Fairley Lake country Canada
Fairley Lake instance of lake
Fairley Lake located in the administrative territorial entity Saskatchewan
Fairley Lake GeoNames ID 5950990
Fairley Lake coordinate location
Fairley Lake CGNDB unique ID HABFP
| 3,240 |
https://github.com/UFOP-CSI477/2020-02-remoto-atividades-mBrandao99/blob/master/Projeto/aero/app/Models/Voo.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
2020-02-remoto-atividades-mBrandao99
|
UFOP-CSI477
|
PHP
|
Code
| 84 | 315 |
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Voo extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
protected $fillable = [
'aeroporto_saida_id',
'aeroporto_chegada_id',
'empresa_id',
'saida',
'chegada',
'primeira',
'executiva',
'economica',
];
// 1 Voo -> 1 Empresa
public function empresa() {
return $this->belongsTo(Empresa::class);
}
// 1 Voo -> 1 Aeroporto saida
public function aeroportoSaida() {
return $this->belongsTo(Aeroporto::class, 'aeroporto_saida_id');
}
// 1 Voo -> 1 Aeroporto chegada
public function aeroportoChegada() {
return $this->belongsTo(Aeroporto::class, 'aeroporto_chegada_id');
}
// 1 Voo -> N passagens
public function passagems() {
return $this->hasMany(Passagem::class);
}
}
| 4,441 |
sn83030272_1898-07-24_1_11_2
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,223 | 2,782 |
For Nashville, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, Louisville, and Chicago. For Toledo, Memphis, and St. Louis, the train connects with the Southern Railway for Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis, and points south. The train also connects with the Southern Railway for Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and points west. The train also connects with the Southern Railway for Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and points west. The train also connects with the Southern Railway for Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and points west. The train also connects with the Southern Railway for Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and points west. The train also connects with the Southern Railway for Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and points west. So P. M., 12:00 night SOUTHERN RAILWAY. Express, 4:20 P.M., 12:00 night daily. ATLANTIC COAST LINE.-F.XUICSS. 11:20 A.M. and 5:50 P.M. daily CHICAGO RAILWAY 4:50 P.M. daily. FOR OLD POINT COMFORT and NORTHWEST.-7:50 A.M. week days and 7:40 P.M. daily ATLANTIC CITY, 11:00 A.M. week days (Desbrosses and Cortlandt Streets, 11:00 P.M. Through Tickets, Parlor Cars, and Combined Coaches. CAPE MAY 12:50 P.M. week days (Desbrosses and Cortlandt Streets), 11:00 P.M. (Limited) only). 2:20, 3:00, 4:50, 11:00 P.M. (Limited) only). 4:50, 11:00 P.M. (Limited) only). 5:50, 11:00 P.M. (Limited) only). 6:50, 11:00 P.M. (Limited) only). SOUTHERN RAILWAY. Express, 4:20 P.M., 12:00 night daily. ATLANTIC COAST LINE.-F.XUICSS. 11:20 A.M. and 5:50 P.M. daily. FOR OLD POINT COMFORT and NORTHWEST.-7:50 A.M. week days and 7:40 P.M. daily ATLANTIC CITY, 11:00 A.M. week days (Desbrosses and Cortlandt Streets), 11:00 P.M. Through Tickets, Parlor Cars, and Combined Coaches. CAPE MAY 12:50 P.M. week days (Desbrosses and Cortlandt Streets), 11:00 P.M. (Limited) only. 2:20, 3:00, 4:50, 11:00 P.M. (Limited) only. 4:50, 11:00 P.M. (Limited) only. 5:50, 11:00 P.M. (Limited) only. SOUTHERN RAILWAY. Express, 4:20 P.M., 12:00 night daily. ATLANTIC CITY, 11:00 A.M. and 5:50 P.M. daily. FOR OLD POINT COMFORT and NORTHWEST.-7:50 A.M. week days (Desbrosses and Cortlandt Streets), 11:00 P.M. (Limited) only. 2:20, 3 12.10U 20haturanvs oulyi, 2. 10. 3 Hi, :t.4o, 4i-(). r. 10, 7.00 P. M, Sunda s, M. 15, 0.45 A. M , O.lJ P. M. l'OK l'HILADEI.rillA. 0:10, 7 20, 7 50, 8.20. 8.50, 11. jo (li 50 Penna. Lim ited), l 50 (Dining Car), lo ."o iDiniiig Con, 11:50 A.M.,12 50,1 no, j 50,3 50,4.20 4 20 (Dining Can, 4 r.o (Dining Cur), 5 50 (Dining Car). 7: Hi. H 50 P M , 12 05 night. HiindavH, 11 10, h Jo, H 50, ifjo, 11 r.o (Llmltid). 11 50, 10 50 (Dining Car) A. M , 1 0 (Dining Carl, :s 50. 4 20 (Dining Can, 4.50 ililuln Car). 5 5l)(DiulugCur).7.40,H.5llP M 12 05uiRllt. Ticki I offices Nob. 4II1.U44, lllil). IJ-.I, HI nlldl'lll BrimdHa), 1 Astor House, West Tweuly-thinl Street Station, snd stations foot of Dcsbrossis and Cortlandt Streets, 4 Court Streit, Hilt) Fulton 1 Street, lis Broadway and Feitua)l.anla Annex Station, Brooklyn, SUitiou, Jersey C tv The Now York Transfer Contpiui) will call for and check baggage from hotels and n-iideucis through to lUstlUutiou. Telephone " 1274 E.ghteenth Street" for Prnnayls vsuia Itvllroad Cab Service. J. B IIUTUIINSO.V, J R. WOOD. Oeneral Mau.igcr. Oonenl Pas .'r Agent. DEI.AWAItE, LACKAWANNA xviax r i:iin it. it. Stnt Ions In rw York, foot of llnrelny nnit f lnlstfiiilii'r streets. vi:sTimJi.i:TKAis-., ii i.i.man nurrm. t'AHS. PIMSCII LK.HT. 8:00 A. ai. Blliguamtou Mail. Slops at principal stations. , IOiOO A. ai. (Cafe car) Buffalo, Scniuton, Biug. hiuutou, Owego, Ithaca, Elmlrv, Utlca. Syracuse, and Oswego Expn ss lnillniau buUit parlor car.. Connei ting at ButTalo with trains lor Chicago and points West. lino 1'. ai. (Dully) Chicago and Buffalo vostlbnlnl express for Hi .union, Dim.U-iii.on and Elmira, Ac. Ilillmau butTet parlor cars to Klinlra. Through eh eping cars and day coach to Chicago, arriving at 4 15 P M next day.. 4i0O 1". ai.Si-ranton. Wllkesbarre and Plymouth Express. Pullman buffet parlor cars. 7:00 I", ai. Dally) Chicago Vestibule Limited; Express for Brranton, Hlnghsm ton, Umin, Buffalo. liirtmgh buffet sleeping car New York to Chicago. Dining car wist of Buflalo. ' 81:10 1. at, (Dally) lliitralo Express. . 'inmu sleepers for Scranton. Bliighamtoii, I.lrulia, i-tb, j Mt. ilorria and Biinalo, arriving Butfalo NAM. j Oiito 1'. 31. (Dally) Butralo, Serantou, Bingham- ton, Owego, Ithaca, Klmlra, Syracuse, Rl.liflelil 1 Springs and Onwego Express Pullmsn buBel I sleepers, .... Til kets and Pullman accommodations at Henry I Oa.'e A Sous, Ltd., 113 Hroaday, 14 Park place, ..l and Ii42 Broadwa). Tickcla at lerry stations. Ill 4th av., cor 1'Jtli st , HI Wist 126th st , 2.,Co)uin blit s . New ork, 8JH aud 72.1 1 llltou st. slid 104 Broadwa) , Brooklyn. Time tables glvliu full Infer nation at all station.. Wi sti ott's Espri ss Company will 1 all for and cheok baggago fioni hotel or residence to d, stinatlon, ERIE RAILROAD Through trains Rave Now Yoik, foot ot Chun ben street, us follows, aud five minutis eailicrfruiu West yft A. at. Aesllbulid I.xpiess il ill f r BliuC" ; iJ.f hainton.Wavcrly. Klu is is. lluflal", lliidfuril, p srrlvi a Buflalo it P V Parlor 1 at to Biinalo. 9.1 rT A. M. Vtstllniliil I'.iiir -s ilatu for Tori IIOjervi.andMontic'ill' IMll),i'iupt Snulsy. g for I-uikawattn, HoucHdaln nun liiiiioiiaut imal f points to Eliulra. I'ulliuanPttlaiuC.imrorMim'Jcillo and llinlru. , ,, . ,. l)jf ' M. Veslllmle limited-last mail 1 ill. &JJ solid train for Chicago, srriws stCd-ve Una 7 40 A M t hli ago P. M. Blecpiisto Cui.ago, Clei land and Cinilnnati Hii.Ing.ar 7.'-ll'. 31. Iliiniln and Cleveland Ve.tlbuled ICULipriss dall), orriiis Builslo 7 05 A. M., lliadloril 7 iO A. M , Jamestown 7 1MI A II,, loillli:.- J town 10 27 A M.. fle.cl.iiid 12 ll P. M Sleepers Io 4 Buffulo and Clew land CsfeLlbrar) ( ar S 9.1 ft I. 31. Dally solid train for Blngbsintoii, 1 il-J IJiuira, WuverU.Chliago Kluin-n In llir nell.illli. fhli ago, ami fliiclniiatl Jiliilugi'ar. Ii'll-JH is, Lik-aI. TI.ME CMtDS. AND PULLMAN ' 1 ACl O-IMODATIONH at III, 11.1. Jillj 41)1, and H57 Brnailwa), IJ7 II jwerj, l.Ml liist 1'J dli.t ,aint : 27,1 West 125th si .Chambers mid Wot 2 id st f 1 1 rles, Ni w Yoik, .1 1.1 and Hilol niton t . '' llroadniiy, ! BriKikl!!. 12J III. or st , Ilobnkeii, and Jersey City ', Biatioii New V nkTraiisfi r Co iIU for Mid chucks i baggage from Imti Is and 11 1 li nut, to le-iiuiiou BALTIMORE & 0HI01i.R. t Lie New York, tMiiUhallleruiiual, suuth Ferry ami font of Libert Nmi . ., , 11 Dad) IHi-icpt Sunday tSumlay.. CHH Mil) 4 'to A M . l I'.T M . .111 12 lililglit, 1 PI I rnlsrltli. 4 .1(1 A M II 10 P M, tl 4'iP Jl., 12 I", night 4 ,'ln A M ti 1 us fimu I.ibeiti at ml'. flNflNNAU.hl 1,1)1 IS IHIMI A M 'iV.fll, ( NHV ORI.I'ANs, i .5P VI niiriiiuh.liiiper). , ROYAL Bl.Ub TRAIN-.. I ToPllll.l)H.P.IH W IMIINIIIOS II.I.TiMni.7. 7..5.loo Dimr II'A VI Diner t;.m P 111," 4'. Diner, t.t 311 Dm r 4. Dinei l j 1 p M and'IJ I '. night MIHFiH.K 'II JO A M ' All trains a e illuminated the PILLOW H Light 1 Office 111. 172, Jill. 4J, IJM4 llmtily, -it M East 12th st., 127 Bower), New York, 314 Fulton M at., Brooklyn, Whitehall Terminal BgganUi.k4 m from hotel or rttldtnca to deiUattlua.
| 33,666 |
https://github.com/GalSagie/bess/blob/master/container_build.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,017 |
bess
|
GalSagie
|
Python
|
Code
| 521 | 1,438 |
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright (c) 2014-2016, The Regents of the University of California.
# Copyright (c) 2016-2017, Nefeli Networks, Inc.
# Copyright (c) 2017, Cloudigo.
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# * Neither the names of the copyright holders nor the names of their
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
# software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
import subprocess
import os
import os.path
import argparse
IMAGE = 'nefelinetworks/bess_build:latest' + os.getenv('TAG_SUFFIX', '')
BESS_DIR_HOST = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
BESS_DIR_CONTAINER = '/build/bess'
BUILD_SCRIPT = './build.py'
def run_cmd(cmd):
proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True)
proc.communicate()
if proc.returncode:
print('Error has occured running host command: %s' % cmd,
file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(proc.returncode)
def shell_quote(cmd):
return "'" + cmd.replace("'", "'\\''") + "'"
def run_docker_cmd(cmd):
run_cmd('docker run -e V -e CXX -e DEBUG -e SANITIZE --rm -t '
'-u %d:%d -v %s:%s %s sh -c %s' %
(os.getuid(), os.getgid(), BESS_DIR_HOST, BESS_DIR_CONTAINER,
IMAGE, shell_quote(cmd)))
def run_shell():
run_cmd('docker run -e V -e CXX -e DEBUG -e SANITIZE --rm -it -v %s:%s %s' %
(BESS_DIR_HOST, BESS_DIR_CONTAINER, IMAGE))
def build_bess():
run_docker_cmd('%s bess' % BUILD_SCRIPT)
def build_kmod():
subprocess.check_output('uname -r', shell=True).strip()
try:
run_docker_cmd('%s kmod' % BUILD_SCRIPT)
except:
print('*** module build has failed.', file=sys.stderr)
def build_kmod_buildtest():
kernels_to_test = '/lib/modules/*/build'
kmod_build = 'KERNELDIR=$0 %s kmod' % BUILD_SCRIPT
run_docker_cmd('ls -x -d %s | xargs -n 1 sh -c %s' %
(kernels_to_test, shell_quote(kmod_build)))
def build_all():
build_bess()
build_kmod()
def do_clean():
run_docker_cmd('%s clean' % BUILD_SCRIPT)
def do_dist_clean():
run_docker_cmd('%s dist_clean' % BUILD_SCRIPT)
def print_usage(parser):
parser.print_help(file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(2)
def main():
os.chdir(BESS_DIR_HOST)
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Build BESS in container')
cmds = {
'all': build_all,
'bess': build_bess,
'kmod': build_kmod,
'kmod_buildtest': build_kmod_buildtest,
'clean': do_clean,
'dist_clean': do_dist_clean,
'shell': run_shell,
'help': lambda: print_usage(parser),
}
cmdlist = sorted(cmds.keys())
parser.add_argument(
'action',
metavar='action',
nargs='?',
default='all',
choices=cmdlist,
help='Action is one of ' + ', '.join(cmdlist))
parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true',
help='pass verbose flag to build inside container')
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.verbose:
os.environ['V'] = '1'
cmds[args.action]()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
print('Done.')
| 30,501 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezolles
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Brezolles
|
https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brezolles&action=history
|
German
|
Spoken
| 100 | 248 |
Brezolles (auch: Brézolles) ist eine französische Gemeinde mit Einwohnern (Stand: ) im Département Eure-et-Loir in der Region Centre-Val de Loire; sie gehört zum Arrondissement Dreux und zum Kanton Saint-Lubin-des-Joncherets.
Geographie
Brezolles liegt etwa 21 Kilometer westsüdwestlich von Dreux am Fluss Meuvette und seinem Zufluss Gervaine. Umgeben wird Brezolles von den Nachbargemeinden Fessanvilliers-Mattanvilliers im Westen und Norden, Saint-Lubin-de-Cravant im Nordosten, Crucey-Villages im Südosten und Süden sowie Les Châtelets im Südwesten.
Durch die Gemeinde führt die frühere Route nationale 839 (heutige D939).
Bevölkerungsentwicklung
Sehenswürdigkeiten
Kirche Saint-Nicolas aus dem 15. Jahrhundert, seit 1913 Monument historique
alte Markthallen
Weblinks
Ort in Centre-Val de Loire
| 37,047 |
W2476341559.txt_5
|
German-Science-Pile
|
Open Science
|
Various open science
| null |
None
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 8,152 | 17,319 |
Das Motiv besteht aus einer Blattgirlande vor einem blauen Hintergrund. Die
Mittelachse der Girlande wird von aneinandergereihten lanzettfçrmigen Blttern grngelber Farbe gebildet, deren Blattspitzen zum Teil weiß abgesetzt bzw. eingefasst sind. An
den Seiten dieser Achse sind hellblaue Bltter mit weiß umrandeten Spitzen paarig
angebracht. Die Blattwurzeln sind dabei von rot-braunen Kreisstrukturen umgeben. Die
direkt um das Mittelmotiv angeordneten Bltter sind von grner Farbe mit gelb oder
weiß-gelb abgesetzten Spitzen.
Den Scheitelpunkt des Bogens nimmt ein ovales Juwel als Mittelmotiv ein. Es ist
von einer Reihe gelber und einer weiteren Reihe schwarz-blauer Tesserae eingefasst. An
einer Stelle ist die gelbe Einfassungslinie unterbrochen. Es erscheinen stattdessen fnf
grau-braune Mosaiksteine. Mçglicherweise handelt es sich hierbei um eine Flickung.
Das Innere des Juwels besteht am Rand aus einer Linie leuchtend blauer Tesserae und im
Zentrum aus trkisblauen Mosaiksteinen. In der Mitte gibt eine weiße Linie mit einem
322 Zum Bau des Baptisteriums und zur Basilika Marcenaro 1994, 70. 89 – 112 Abb. 15.
24 – 58.
323 Neueres Schrifttum dazu: Marcenaro 2006, 55 – 68 Abb. 1 – 4; Marcenaro 1997,
passim; Marcenaro 1994, 129 – 173 Abb. 79 – 84. 134.
324 Das Fenster mißt 80 cm in der Breite und 44 cm vom Bogenansatz bis zum Scheitel.
Marcenaro 1994, Abb. 291.
325 Dies kann aus der abweichenden Farbgebung des roten Grundes des Gemmenstreifens
geschlossen werden.
326 Zu den Restaurierungen Marcenaro 1997, 54 – 56.
304
VIII Katalog mosaizierter Bogen- und Fensterlaibungen des 5. und 6. Jhs.
Haken einen stilisierten Lichtreflex an. Einer Skizze von D. V. Ajnalov aus dem Jahr
1901 zufolge war dieser Lichtreflex ursprnglich ankerfçrmig (Abb. 565)327.
Stil: Die Girlande und die Bltter vermitteln durch ihre lockere Anordnung und wenig
differenzierte Farbgebung keinen rumlichen oder naturalistischen Eindruck. Die Bltter
sind flach vor den blauen Hintergrund angeordnet und ohne inneren Zusammenhalt
additiv zusammengefgt. Auch das Mitteljuwel mit dem stilisierten Lichtreflex wirkt
flach und nahezu abstrakt.
Vergleichbare Motive: Mit einer Blattgirlande geschmckte Bogenlaibungen finden
sich in San Vittore in Mailand (SVitt1) und in den Mosaiken BaptOrth2, BaptOrth4
sowie BaptOrth6 im Baptisterium der Orthodoxen in Ravenna (Abb. 462 – 466. 559).
Fr Blattgirlanden mit einer Gemme als zentralem Motiv im Scheitelpunkt des Bogens
sind die Beispiele im Baptisterium der Orthodoxen in Ravenna zu nennen. In der
›Mosaikdikula‹ in Cimitile weist die Frucht- und Bltengirlande des Mosaiks Cim1
Reste eines solchen Mittelmotivs auf (Abb. 633 – 634). Ansonsten sei noch der Jahreszeitenkranz in der Kuppel von San Vittore in Mailand erwhnt328.
Datierung: Die Mosaiken des Baptisteriums werden aufgrund des Stils und der Mosaikinschrift in den Zeitraum des ausgehenden 5. Jhs. und der ersten Jahrzehnte des 6.
Jhs. eingeordnet329. Die in das Mauerwerk der Kuppel eingefgten Amphoren legen eine
Datierung des Baus nicht vor dem letzten Viertel des 5. Jhs. nahe330. Dazu passt auch die
stilistische Bewertung der Blattgirlande des Fensterbogens. Gegenber dem Exemplar im
Mosaik SVitt1 in San Vittore in Mailand (Abb. 559) liegt hier eine strker ausgeprgte
Zweidimensionalitt und geringere Plastizitt vor. Deshalb ist der musivische Dekor des
Baptisteriums tendenziell wohl eher einige Zeit nach San Vittore einzuordnen331. Die
additive Zusammensetzung der Girlande aus locker angeordneten, einzelnen Blttern
ohne organischen Zusammenhalt findet in den sptantiken Wandmosaiken eine Parallele z. B. bei der Blattgirlande, die das Mittelmedaillon im Baptisterium der Arianer in
Ravenna aus der Zeit Kçnig Theoderichs (493 – 526) umgibt332.
327 Marcenaro 2006, 114 Abb. 1; Marcenaro 1997, 53 Abb. 8; Marcenaro 1994, 292
Abb. 284.
328 Wilpert – Schumacher 1976, Taf. 77 a.
329 Marcenaro 2006, 63 – 66; Marcenaro 1994, 135. 174; Toesca 1987, 18 f.; Wilpert
– Schumacher 1976, 323.
330 Frondoni 2001, 846 mit Anm. 7 – 8. Die Fundkeramik der letzten Grabung bezeugt
eine Datierung des Baus nicht vor der zweiten Hlfte des 5. Jhs. Frondoni 2001, 861.
331 Diese relative Abfolge vertreten auch Wilpert – Schumacher 1976, 323.
332 Wilpert – Schumacher 1976, Taf. 100; Deichmann 1958, Taf. 251 – 252. 254 – 255.
Zur Datierung der Mosaiken Deichmann 1974, 255.
4 Das brige nçrdliche Italien und sdliche Gallien
305
4.4 Mosaikreste einer Bogenlaibung des sptantiken Memorialbaus
unter Saint-Victor in Marseille
Unterhalb der gotischen Kirche Saint-Victor sdlich des Hafens von Marseille
befinden sich Reste einer bis in die Sptantike genutzten Nekropole, die sich auf
dem Gelnde eines Steinbruchs entwickelt hatte333. Seit der Sptantike wurden
hier zwei Grber in einer Grotte verehrt und ein Mrtyrerkult gepflegt334. ber
diesen Grbern wurde wohl in der zweiten Hlfte des 5. Jhs. ein Memorialbau
errichtet335, und so der Bereich monumental ausgestaltet. Die Reste dieses Baus
sind in die Krypta der Kirche Saint-Victor integriert worden336. Einen Teil
dieses Baus bildete direkt sdlich der Grotte auf der Achse der verehrten Grber
ein 5 x 5,9 m großer Bereich mit ursprnglich neun arkadenberfangenen
Sulen an den Seiten337. Dieser frher als Atrium gedeutete Bauteil wird nun als
Untergeschoss eines rechteckigen Baus mit zentral erhçhter Kuppel und seitlichen Emporen rekonstruiert338. Der arkadenumgebene Bereich bildete demnach
das Zentrum des Memorialbaus unter der Kuppel und diente mçglicherweise als
Sanktuarium339.
Die Bogenlaibungen dieses Bauteils waren mit Mosaik dekoriert. Das hier
eingehender besprochene Fragment stellt den einzigen in situ erhaltenen Rest
des musivischen Schmucks dieses Baus dar340. Bei der Aufdeckung 1869 wurden
anscheinend in sechs Bogenlaibungen Mosaikreste festgestellt341.
333 Zur Nekropole und zum Steinbruch Fixot – Pelletier 2004, 29 – 35; Guyon 2001,
361 – 364 Abb. 7 – 8; Duval 1995, 133 – 135. Bis in die jngere Zeit wurde einhellig
angenommen, dass der aus der Provinz Scythia Minor stammende Mçnch Johannes
Cassianus (ca. 360–ca. 434) an dieser Stelle ein Kloster gegrndet hatte (zu Vita und
Schrifttum des Johannes Cassianus Cappuyns 1949, passim und 1326 – 1328 zu seinem
Aufenthalt und Wirken in Marseille ab 415/417). Dafr gibt es aber nur wenige
Zeugnisse aus dem 11. Jh., deren Historizitt zweifelhaft ist. So Fixot 2001, 237 – 242.
334 Zum archologischen Befund und den freigelegten Grbern der ›Heiligen‹ Benoit
1966a, 111 – 118; Benoit 1966b, 279 – 287.
335 Zur Datierung des Baus in die zweite Hlfte des 5. Jhs. Fixot – Pelletier 2004, 60. Zu
diesem Bau jetzt auch Fixot – Pelletier 2009, 273 – 286.
336 s. dazu den Plan und die Lngsschnitte bei Duval 1995, 128.
337 Duval 1995, 128: A. 133: A sowie Abb. auf S. 130. Zu den (in napoleonischer Zeit
entfernten) Sulen und den beiden erhaltenen Kapitellen Benoit 1966b, 265 Abb. 6 – 7.
338 Dazu Fixot – Pelletier 2004, 54 – 63 Abb. 30. 34 – 37. Zur lteren Deutung als
Atrium Benoit 1966b, 267 – 268 Abb. 9; Benoit 1933, 178 – 182.
339 Duval 1995, 138.
340 Einzelne Glastesserae (in den Farben Blau, Grn und Gold) wurden zudem bei Grabungen im Bereich der Grber entdeckt. Benoit 1966b, 265. 267.
341 Levenq 1871, 464; Levenq 1869, 582.
306
VIII Katalog mosaizierter Bogen- und Fensterlaibungen des 5. und 6. Jhs.
SVict: Rest eines kandelaberartigen Rankenmotivs
Abb. 566 – 567
Literatur/Abbildungen: Fixot – Pelletier 2009, 285; Fixot – Pelletier 2004,
56; Duval 1995, 135; Drocourt 1973, Kat.-Nr. 41 (s/w Fotos); Hubert u. a. 1968,
Abb. 12 (Farbfoto); Hubert 1938, 111 f. Abb. 123 (Zeichnung).
Lage: Nordwestecke des zentralen Bereichs des sptantiken Memorialbaus342, Ansatz der
Laibung des nach Sden ausgerichteten Bogens.
Zustand: Vom Mosaikschmuck der Bogenlaibung hat sich nur ein zusammenhngendes Fragment am nçrdlichen Bogenansatz erhalten. Das Fragment ist stark restauriert343. Im oberen Teil des Bogens und im Bereich des Scheitelpunktes haben sich noch
Teile der Mosaikbettung erhalten.
Beschreibung: An den Lngsseiten des Fragments sind Reste einer Rahmenzone erhalten, die aus einem ›gescheckten‹ Grund verschiedener Blautçne besteht und vier
Reihen breit erhalten ist. Eine Reihe weißer Mosaiksteine trennt diese Zone vom
Bildfeld.
Das Bildfeld selbst zeigt einen Rankendekor vor tief dunkelblauem, fast schwarz
wirkendem Grund344. Am unteren Ende des Mosaikfragments ist in dessen Mitte der
Rest eines blau-weißen kelchartigen Gebildes erhalten, aus dem zwei spiegelsymmetrisch
angeordnete dnne braune Ranken entsprießen, die von grn-trkisfarbenem Blattgrn
gesumt werden. In der Mittelachse des Bildfeldes setzt eine ovale, braun umrandete und
schwarz gefllte Struktur ber dem ›Kelch‹ an. Darber folgt ein weiterer blau-weißer
›Kelch‹ aus dem wiederum dunkelblaue, auf der Innenseite golden eingefasste Ranken
entsprießen, die aber nur im Ansatz noch erhalten sind. Alle Strukturen sind von weißen
Konturlinien gesumt und so deutlich vom dunklen Hintergrund abgehoben. Zu den
Seiten der Kelchgebilde ist je eine rot-braune unfçrmige Struktur erhalten, die mit den
Ranken verbunden ist und auf gelb- bzw. goldumrandeten blattartigen Gebilden aufzuliegen scheint.
Das Motiv stellt einen kandelaberartigen und stark stilisierten Rankendekor dar. Im
Scheitelpunkt des Bogens befand sich nach Ausweis von Resten in der Mosaikbettung
ein rundes Medaillon als Mittelmotiv (Abb. 567)345.
Stil: Das Mosaik ist nahezu vollkommen zweidimensional gehalten und wirkt durch
den hohen Stilisierungsgrad sehr unorganisch, ja fast abstrakt. Bei den ›Kelchen‹ sind
Farbabstufungen und Aufhellungen bzw. Lichtreflexe erkennbar, die Volumen und eine
gewisse Stofflichkeit andeuten. Die einzelnen Formen sind durch die dominanten
weißen Konturlinien klar umrissen und betont.
Vergleichbare Motive: Der Aufbau des Motivs erinnert an die untere Partie des
Akanthuskandelabers in Mosaik Ach18a der Acheiropoietos-Basilika. So findet sich zu
den blauen ›Kelchen‹ auf der Mittelachse des Bildfeldes mit den dreieckigen weißen
Aufhellungen in der Mitte eine formale Parallele (Abb. 166 – 167).
342 Duval 1995, 135; Hubert 1938, 111.
343 So nach der freundlichen Auskunft von Prof. Michel Fixot in einer E-Mail vom 30. 11.
2004.
344 Gemß Hubert 1938, 112 und Levenq 1871, 464 ist der Hintergrund von dunkelblauer Farbe.
345 ber diesen Sachverhalt hat mich ebenfalls Prof. Fixot freundlicherweise informiert.
Auch fr den Hinweis auf die bei Drocourt 1973, Kat.-Nr. 41 publizierten Fotos des
Mosaiks sei ihm an dieser Stelle ausdrcklich gedankt.
307
5 Rom
Datierung: Das Fragment wird in das 5. Jh. oder 6. Jh. eingeordnet346. Aufgrund des
geringen erhaltenen Bestandes ist eine genauere zeitliche Einordnung ber Stilvergleiche
kaum mçglich. Die klar erkennbare Tendenz zur Abstraktion vegetabiler Elemente, die
dominanten weißen Konturlinien und der gescheckte blaugrundige Rahmenstreifen sind
Elemente, die auch in zwei Grabmosaiken der Bischofskrypta der Januarius-Katakombe
in Neapel aus der Zeit des spten 5. Jhs. und der ersten Hlfte des 6. Jhs. bzw. des 6. Jhs.
auftreten (Abb. 603)347. Diese Anhaltspunkte sprechen fr eine Einordnung dieses
Mosaikfragments in die Zeit des spteren 5. oder 6. Jhs.
5 Rom
5.1 Das Mosaik der ursprnglichen Apsisbogenlaibung
von Santa Maria Maggiore
Die von Sixtus III. (432 – 440) zu Ehren der Gottesmutter errichtete dreischiffige Basilika (heute Santa Maria Maggiore) gilt als das lteste bis heute
erhaltene Beispiel eines vollkommen ausmosaizierten Kirchengebudes348. Vor
allem die alt- und neutestamentlichen Zyklen an den Langhauswnden und am
Triumphbogen machen den Bau zu einem wichtigen Referenzdenkmal dieser
Kunstgattung in Rom. Bei einer Erweiterung des Chorbereichs im 13. Jh. nach
Osten wurde die ursprngliche Apsis samt ihrem in Mosaik ausgefhrten Bild in
der Kalotte niedergelegt. Dadurch erhielt der ehemalige Apsisbogen den Charakter eines Triumphbogens349. Das dekorative Motiv in der Bogenlaibung ist
noch dem ursprnglichen Dekor zuzurechnen und hier von Interesse.
SMM: Aus ›Kçrben‹ wachsende Bltengirlande
Abb. 569 – 570
Literatur/Abbildungen: Andaloro 2006a, 332 f. Abb. 35 (Farbfoto); Andaloro
2006a, 343. 345 Abb. 46 (s/w Foto); Taddei 2002b, 1774 f.; Brenk 1975, 34 f.;
Karpp 1966, Taf. 4 – 5 (s/w Fotos); Schuchert 1939, 115 – 118 Abb. 32 – 34 (s/w
Fotos); Garrucci 1877, 18 Taf. 211. 213 – 214 (Zeichnungen).
346 Barral i Aletet 1991, 246 f. (5. Jh.–frhes 6. Jh.); Drocourt 1973, Kat.-Nr. 41
(5.–6. Jh.).
347 Dazu u. Kap. VIII.6.1.3 S. 324 und VIII.6.1.4 S. 326 f. Die weißen Konturlinien treten
zwar auch bei Mosaik JAN2 (Abb. 598 – 600) auf, dort sind die einzelnen Bltenformen
aber mit harmonischeren Farbtçnen gesetzt und der Grad der Stilisierung nicht soweit
vorangetrieben.
348 So Brenk 1977, 72. Zu den Mosaiken zusammenfassend Brandenburg 2004, 176 –
189 und Andaloro 2006a, 306 – 346 mit der lteren Literatur; s. auch die umfangreichen Studien von Deckers 1976 und Brenk 1975 sowie den Bildband von Karpp
1966. Zum Bau Krautheimer u. a. 1967, 1 – 60.
349 Krautheimer u. a. 1967, 23 f. Zu den ergrabenen Resten der ursprnglichen Apsis
Schuchert 1939, 123 – 129 Abb. 36 – 40. Zur mçglichen Gestalt des ursprnglichen
Apsisbildes Andaloro 2006b, 275 Abb. I; Ihm 1992, 132 f. Zu den geringen Mosaikresten der Apsis an der Rckseite des Triumphbogens Schuchert 1939, 117 Abb. 34.
308
VIII Katalog mosaizierter Bogen- und Fensterlaibungen des 5. und 6. Jhs.
Lage: Laibung des ursprnglichen Apsisbogens350.
Zustand: Das Motiv ist sicherlich authentisch und der berwiegende Teil anscheinend
original. An einigen Stellen sind jedoch Flickungen bzw. Ergnzungen in Farbe zu
erkennen351. Dies betrifft vor allem den Bereich des Kuppelscheitels, in dem auf lteren
Fotos Lcken und zu Sicherungszwecken angebrachte Metallhaken zu sehen sind352.
Beschreibung: Das Motiv des Bildfeldes besteht aus einem Feston vor goldenem
Grund, das aus Stoffscken bzw. stoffumwickelten Kçrben353 herauswchst. Die blauen
›Kçrbe‹ weisen weiße und dunkelblaue Schattierungen auf, die den gebogenen Verlauf
der Ruten angeben. An den Seiten hngt je ein rotes gewundenes Band herab. Das
Feston besteht ausschließlich aus Vierpassblten in Aufsicht, die diagonal in fnf Reihen
angeordnet sind. In den Zwischenrumen der Blten wird die blau-schwarze Grundfarbe
des Festons sichtbar. Die Girlande wird durch die Farbe der Blten in orange-rote, grne
und trkis-blaue Segmente unterteilt. Das Segment im Scheitelpunkt des Bogens weist
dabei als einziges eine dunkelrote Farbe auf. Nur die Blten auf der Mittelachse der
Girlande sind außen weiß eingefasst354. Die Farbe der Blten ist zu den Seiten der
Girlande hin zunehmend dunkler gestaltet. Im Zentrum des Bogens ist ein weiß umrandetes blaues Medaillon mit einem weißen Christogramm dargestellt355.
Stil: Die einzelnen Vierpassblten sind alle ohne berschneidungen flach vor dem
dunklen Grund des Festons angeordnet. Dennoch suggeriert die Abschattierung der
Girlande zu den Seiten sowie die plastische Gestaltung der Kçrbe Volumen und Tiefenrumlichkeit. Hauptmittel zur Gestaltung von Plastizitt ist die malerische Verwendung der Farben. Die scharfe farbliche Trennung der einzelnen Segmente der Girlande wirkt allerdings unnatrlich356.
Vergleichbare Motive: Mir sind keine direkten Vergleiche fr diese Art von Girlande
bekannt. Die Vierpassblten finden sich in verflachter und stilisierter Ausfhrung als
Streumuster im Mosaikdekor des Apsisbogens des sptantiken Saalbaus in Carinola
350 Nach Schuchert 1939, 115 ist das Bildfeld inkl. Rahmenstreifen 95 cm breit.
351 Zu den Restaurierungen der Mosaiken der Kirche Andaloro 2006a, 341 f. 345; Brenk
1975, 5 f.
352 Andaloro 2006a, 345 Abb. 46; Schuchert 1939, Abb. 34. Auf der Zeichnung von
Garrucci 1877, Taf. 214 ist zudem im Bereich des sdlichen Bogenansatzes eine
Fehlstelle angegeben, wo heute ein Korb dargestellt ist. Der Dokumentationswert der
Zeichnungen ist aber anscheinend nicht besonders hoch, da auf Taf. 211 am nçrdlichen
Bogenansatz der Korb ebenfalls nicht erscheint, auf Taf. 213 aber doch.
353 Brenk 1975, 34 spricht hier von „einem sackfçrmigen Tuch“. Vgl. Taddei 2002b,
1774.
354 Die einzige Ausnahme bildet das Segment im Scheitelpunkt des Bogens, wo die Umrandung der Blten scheinbar keiner Regel unterliegt. Hier wurden in grçßerem Umfang
Flickungen vorgenommen. Vgl. dazu die alten Fotos bei Andaloro 2006a, 345 Abb. 46
und Schuchert 1939, Abb. 34.
355 Zum Christogramm Brenk 1975, 34 f. 37.
356 Die Unterteilung der Girlande in unterschiedliche Farbsegmente findet sich auch bei den
Bltenkrnzen um die Christogramm-Medaillons im çstlichen und westlichen Tonnengewçlbe des ›Mausoleums der Galla Placidia‹: Rizzardi 1996, Abb. 46 – 47. 72 – 73.
Besser vergleichbar ist die Bordre auf dem Mosaikboden der Therme von Sidi Ghrib
(sptes 4./frhes 5. Jh.): Ennabli 1986, Taf. 4 – 5.
5 Rom
309
(Abb. 674 – 675)357. Fr die an den ›Kçrben‹ seitlich herunterhngenden roten Taenien
gibt es Parallelen in Sant’Agnese in Rom (Abb. 586 – 587), in Mosaik Steph in Neapel
(Abb. 620) sowie in Mosaik Ach32 der Acheiropoietos-Basilika (Abb. 223 – 224). Das
Mittelmotiv des Christogramms kommt in Wandmosaiken des 5. Jhs. etwa im Scheitel
der westlichen und çstlichen Tonnengewçlbe des ›Mausoleums der Galla Placidia‹ vor358.
In Rom wurde ein solches Mittelmotiv in einem blaugrundigen Medaillon auch fr den
Apsisbogen von Santi Cosma e Damiano und San Lorenzo fuori le mura gewhlt
(Abb. 571. 583).
Datierung: Der Mosaikschmuck der Kirche ist unter dem Pontifikat Sixtus’ III. (432 –
440) entstanden, wie aus der Inschrift ber dem Bogenscheitel an der ehemaligen
Apsisstirnwand und einer fr die Eingangswand berlieferten Inschrift hervorgeht359.
Der Dekor der Apsisbogenlaibung kann dieser ersten Ausstattungsphase zugerechnet
werden, da er nahtlos mit dem Dekor der aufgehenden Wandflchen des Triumphbogens in Verbindung steht.
5.2 Das Mosaik der Apsisbogenlaibung von Sant’Andrea cata Barbara
Der nahe Santa Maria Maggiore gelegene Saalbau, der vom Konsul des Jahres
331 Junius Bassus († 359) errichtete wurde, ist 18,30 m lang und 14,25 m breit.
Er wurde von Papst Simplicius (468 – 483) zu einer Kirche fr den Apostel
Andreas umgestaltet360. Diese Information geht vor allem aus einer Inschrift
hervor, die das Apsismosaik friesartig nach unten abschloss361. Das Mosaik ist
zwar seit 1686 zerstçrt, aber die Gestalt des Apsisbildes ist durch Zeichnungen
und Beschreibungen bekannt362. Es zeigte Christus auf dem Paradiesberg stehend und sechs adorierende Apostel363. Auf einer farbigen Zeichnung des 17.
Jhs. (Abb. 568) wird die Krmmung des Apsisbildes von einem dekorativen
Motiv eingefasst, bei dem es sich um das Ornament der Apsisbogenlaibung
handeln wird364.
357 Korol 2000b, 157 f. Die weiteren von Korol angefhrten Vergleiche in den Wandmosaiken des Ostmittelmeerraumes sind mit der Bltenform in Santa Maria Maggiore
nur allgemein vergleichbar.
358 Rizzardi 1996, Abb. 47. 73.
359 Deckers 1976, 2 f.; Brenk 1975, 1 f.; Schuchert 1939, 55 – 77.
360 Allgemein zum Bau Trinci Cecchelli 1993, 39 Abb. 23; Krautheimer 1937, 64 f.
Zu Simplicius Pietri 2000, 2081 s. v. Simplicius 4.
361 Zur Inschrift und seiner problematischen berlieferungssituation Trinci Cecchelli
1991, passim. Sie konnte zeigen, dass die bisher gngige Annahme der Beteiligung des
gotischen magister utriusque militae Valila (Martindale 1980, 1147 s. v. Fl. Valila) an
der Stiftung der Kirche unbegrndet ist.
362 Ihm 1992, 154 mit Verweisen.
363 Zum Apsisbild Ihm 1992, 154 f. Nr. 17 Taf. 8, 1.
364 Taddei 2002b, 1770.
310
VIII Katalog mosaizierter Bogen- und Fensterlaibungen des 5. und 6. Jhs.
SAcB: Blatt- und Bltengirlande
Abb. 568
Literatur/Abbildungen: Osborne – Claridge 1998, 78 Nr. 178 (farbig); Waetzoldt 1964, 29 Nr. 38 Abb. 15 (s/w).
Lage: Laibung des Apsisbogens.
Zustand: Auf der Zeichnung sind auf beiden Seiten die Bereiche an den Bogenanstzen
als bereits zerstçrt angegeben.
Beschreibung: Das Motiv zeigt eine Girlande aus grnen lanzettfçrmigen Blttern vor
gelb-braunem (vermutlich goldenem) Grund. Grau-weiße Binden umwickeln das Feston und unterteilen es so in mehrere Abschnitte. Dabei ist der Abschnitt direkt ber
Christus der schmalste. Verschiedene Frchte und Blten sind vor dem Hintergrund der
Blattgirlande in den einzelnen Abschnitten platziert. In der rechten Hlfte der Girlande
sind Pinienzapfen, runde grne Frchte, rot-weiße ovale Frchte mit weißen Blten
sowie eine orangefarbene Frucht mit weißen und roten Blten erkennbar. In der linken
Hlfte sind dies runde rçtliche Frchte, birnenfçrmige orange-rote Frchte sowie ein vor
die Girlande gelegter Zweig, an dem weiß-rote Frchten und weiße Blten hngen. Der
kleinste Abschnitt ber Christus zeigt eine orangefarbene birnenfçrmige Frucht sowie
eine zentrale weiße Blte in Aufsicht. Die einzelnen Abschnitte der Girlande werden
dabei weitgehend von einer Fruchtsorte dominiert.
Stil: Bei den Darstellungen der Frchte sind wechselnde Perspektiven festzustellen
(Unter- und Seitenansicht). Der Zeichner hat zudem bei fast allen Frchten Verschattungen bzw. Aufhellungen angegeben. An einigen Stellen sind berschneidungen von
Frchten und Blttern zu erkennen. Nach der Zeichnung zu urteilen war die Girlande in
einem naturalistischen Darstellungsmodus umgesetzt.
Vergleichbare Motive: Dieser aus verschiedenen Frchten und Blten bestehende
Girlandentyp ist allgemein mit den Festonen MGP1, SSCD, SL1 und MK1 – 2 vergleichbar (Abb. 428 – 430. 571. 668 – 669. 672 – 673). Das Fehlen eines prominenten
Mittelmotivs in einem Medaillon erinnert an MK1 – 2. Die Umwickelung der Girlande
mit Taenien ist anscheinend in der Mosaikkunst Roms besonders beliebt. Es findet sich
in den Mosaiken SSCD und SL1 in Santi Cosma e Damiano sowie in San Lorenzo fuori
le mura und in der Apsisbogenlaibung von Sant’Agnese (Abb. 585 – 587).
Datierung: Das Apsismosaik der Kirche ist der Weihinschrift und einer Nachricht im
Liber Potificalis zufolge whrend des Pontifikats des Simplicius (468 – 483) entstanden365. Das Motiv der Bogenlaibung wird wohl gleichzeitig mit dem Apsismosaik gesetzt
worden sein.
5.3 Das Mosaik der Apsisbogenlaibung von Santi Cosma e Damiano
Der unmittelbar neben der Maxentius-Basilika auf dem Forum Pacis gelegene
prominente Saalbau aus der Zeit Kaiser Vespasians (69 – 79) wurde unter Papst
Felix IV. (526 – 530)366 zur Kirche der Arztheiligen Kosmas und Damian um-
365 Lib. Pont. 48 c. 1; ILCV 1, Nr. 1785.
366 Pietri 2000, 794 s. v. Felix 48.
5 Rom
311
funktioniert367. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde das berhmte Apsismosaik
angefertigt368 und auch die Laibung des Apsisbogens mit einem dekorativen
Motiv versehen. Letzteres ist allerdings bis auf kleine Stellen am Rand vom
barocken Stuckrahmen verdeckt, der unter Papst Clemens IX. (1667 – 1669)
angebracht wurde369. Fr die ikonographische Analyse des Motivs muß deshalb
in erster Linie auf die farbige Zeichnung von Antonio Eclissi von ca. 1630
zurckgegriffen werden (Abb. 571).
SSCD: Blatt- und Bltengirlande
Abb. 571 – 574
Literatur/Abbildungen: Taddei 2002b, 1770 – 1772 mit Anm. 9 Abb. 5 (s/w Foto);
Osborne – Claridge 1996, 96 Nr. 14 (farbige Zeichnung); Waetzoldt 1964, 32
Nr. 79 Abb. 38 (s/w Foto).
Lage: Laibung des Apsisbogens.
Zustand: Die Zeichnung von Eclissi dokumentiert den Zustand vor der Restaurierung des Apsismosaiks unter Papst Urban VIII. (1623 – 1644). In der Farbwiedergabe
weicht dieses Aquarell teilweise vom Original ab. Die am Rand dieses Stuckrahmens
noch sichtbaren Mosaikreste weisen an einigen Stellen Zsuren in der Steinsetzung auf,
die auf Flickungen bzw. Restaurierungen zurckzufhren sein drften370.
Beschreibung: Das Motiv besteht aus einer Girlande aus grnen berwiegend lnglichen Blttern vor goldenem Grund. Die Girlande wird vom goldenen Hintergrund
durch eine durchgehende gelbe Kontur abgesetzt. Ein rotes Band mit Aufhellungen in
der Mitte umwickelt die Girlande und teilt sie so in 13 Abschnitte. Im zentralen
Abschnitt im Scheitelpunkt des Bogens ist ein blaugrundiges Medaillon mit einem von
A und Y flankierten Christogramm vor der Girlande platziert. Die Girlandenabschnitte
an den Bogenanstzen sind im Wesentlichen mit weißen und roten Blten bestckt,
whrend die Sektoren um das Mittelmotiv auch mit birnenartigen Frchten sowie
Weintrauben (und Weinlaub) behangen sind. An den Seiten ragen einzelne Blten und
Bltter aus dem Feston hervor.
Stil: hnlich wie bei Mosaik SAcB vermittelt die Girlande einen sehr plastischen und
naturalistischen Eindruck. Insbesondere die berschneidung einzelner Bltter und
Frchte sowie die Umwickelung des Festons mit Taenien suggeriert Plastizitt und
Volumen. Die vom barocken Stuckrahmen nicht verdeckten Reste des Festons zeigen
Bltter und Blten in wechselnder Auf- und Seitenansichtigkeit und besttigen den
Eindruck der Zeichnung eines differenziert und lebendig wirkenden Ensembles. Bei den
Blten und Blttern sind zudem durch dunkler gestaltete Partien bzw. Konturierungen
Verschattungen angegeben, die zwar starke Hell-Dunkel-Kontraste ausbilden, aber insgesamt zum Eindruck von Plastizitt und Volumen beitragen.
367 Zum Bau und seiner mçglichen ursprnglichen Nutzung Brandenburg 2004, 222 –
224; Episcopo 1993, 324 Abb. 189 – 190; Krautheimer 1937, 137 – 143.
368 Ihm 1992, 137 f. Nr. 5 Taf. 12, 2; Wilpert – Schumacher 1976, 328 – 330 Taf. 101 –
106. Fr das Mosaik auf der Apsisstirnwand wird eine Entstehung erst im 7. Jh. angenommen. Dazu Wisskirchen 1999, 169 mit Anm. 4; Tiberia 1998, 14 – 22.
369 Tiberia 1991, 16 Taf. 1; Vgl. Morey 1915, 37 f.
370 Zu den Restaurierungen des Apsismosaiks Tiberia 1998, 51. 54 f. 63; Tiberia 1991,
passim.
312
VIII Katalog mosaizierter Bogen- und Fensterlaibungen des 5. und 6. Jhs.
Vergleichbare Motive: Grundstzlich gehçrt diese Girlande zum Typ der mit verschiedenen Fruchtarten behangenen Festone (MK1 – 2, MGP1, SAcB). Zu mit Taenien
umwickelten Girlanden s. unter SAcB. Das Mittelmotiv mit dem Christogramm erscheint auch in Santa Maria Maggiore und in San Lorenzo fuori le mura (Abb. 569.
583).
Datierung: Nach Ausweis des Liber Pontificalis und der Inschrift unter dem Mosaik
wurde die Kirche und das Apsisbild von Papst Felix IV. (526 – 530) gestiftet371. Das
Mosaik der Apsisbogenlaibung kann dieser ersten Ausstattungsphase zugerechnet werden.
5.4 Das Mosaik der Apsis- und Fensterlaibungen
von San Lorenzo fuori le mura
Papst Pelagius II. (579 – 590) errichtete ber dem Grab des heiligen Laurentius
an der Via Tiburtina neben der lteren Umgangsbasilika aus konstantinischer
Zeit eine neue dreischiffige Kirche mit Emporen372. Als im frhen 13. Jh. unter
Papst Honorius III. (1216 – 1227) der Bau nach Westen erweitert wurde zerstçrte man die ursprngliche Apsis373. Die Apsisstirnwand mit ihrem Mosaikschmuck aus der Zeit des Pelagius ist jedoch erhalten geblieben374. An dieser
Stelle sind nur die dekorativen Motive der ehemaligen Apsisbogenlaibung sowie
der Fenstergewnde und -laibungen der oberen Stirnwand von Interesse.
SL1: Frucht- und Bltengirlande
Abb. 575 – 583
Literatur/Abbildungen: Andaloro 2006b, 85 Abb. 22 (Farbfoto); Taddei 2002b,
passim Abb. 1 – 4 (s/w Fotos); Oakeshott 1967, 156 f. Abb. 75 – 76 (s/w Fotos);
Matthiae 1967, Abb. 101 – 102 (s/w Fotos).
Lage: Laibung des ursprnglichen Apsisbogens.
Zustand: Das Mosaik ist gut erhalten. An einigen Stellen sind kleine moderne Flickungen durch eine weiße Umrandung von der brigen Mosaikflche abgesetzt375.
Beschreibung: Das Motiv der Bogenlaibung besteht aus einer Frucht- und Bltengirlande vor goldenem Grund. Die Girlande wird durch querverlaufende Bnder wie in
SAcB und SSCD in acht einzelne Segmente eingeteilt. Diese Bnder sind in der Mitte
weiß gehalten und zu den Seiten hin in drei Farbstufen ber orange und rot zu schwarz
371 Lib. Pont. 56 c. 2; ILCV 1, Nr. 1784.
372 Zum Bau Andaloro 2006b, 77 – 94; Brandenburg 2004, 236 – 240 Abb. 143 – 147;
Krautheimer u. a. 1959, 1 – 144. Zu Pelagius Pietri 2000, 1716 s. v. Pelagius 4.
373 Zur Westerweiterung Krautheimer u. a. 1959, 35 – 44. Zur ursprnglichen Apsis
Krautheimer u. a. 1959, 55 – 57. Zur mçglichen Gestalt des ursprnglichen Apsisbildes
Ihm 1992, 139.
374 Zum Mosaikschmuck Ihm 1992, 138 – 140 Nr. 6; Bovini 1971, passim; Matthiae
1967, 149 – 162.
375 Taddei 2002b, 1767. Zu den Restaurierungen der Mosaiken s. auch Matthiae 1967,
411 f.
5 Rom
313
›abschattiert‹. Vor dem blauen Hintergrund der Girlande sind in den einzelnen Segmenten jeweils unterschiedliche Frchte oder Blten platziert.
Am sdlichen Bogenansatz besteht das erste Segment aus rçtlichen Kreuzblten mit
weißem Zentrum und grnen Hllblttern (Abb. 576). Daran schließt sich ein Abschnitt mit gelben ovalen Frchten an, die mit kleinen hellgrnen Blttern an dnnen
braunen Zweigen hngen (Abb. 577). Die Bltter berschneiden die Frchte dabei an
vielen Stellen. Es folgen birnenfçrmige orangefarbene Frchte, die an dnnen Zweigen
mit kleinen grn-weißen lanzettfçrmigen Blttern hngen. Einige der Frchte im unteren Teil dieses Segments sind auf einer Seite hellblau abschattiert (Abb. 578). Das
letzte Segment zeigt locker platzierte weiße Lilienblten in Seitenansicht und sternfçrmige weiße Blten mit gelbem Kern in Aufsicht zwischen kleinen, berwiegend grngelben Blttern (Abb. 579)376.
In der nçrdlichen Bogenhlfte wird das erste Segment am Bogenansatz von dicht
gestaffelten weißen Lilienblten in Auf- und Seitenansicht eingenommen. Die Blten
hngen mit einigen kleinen grnen Blttern an dnnen Stengeln (Abb. 580). Es folgt ein
Abschnitt mit einer grn-gelben Weinranke, an der grn-violette Trauben und Weinlaub
hngen (Abb. 581). Daran schließen sich orange-rote Granatpfeln mit weiß-braunen
Aufhellungen im Zentrum an. Am unteren Ende dieses Abschnitts sind zwei der Granatpfel aufgeplatzt. Dnne braune Zweige mit Blattgrn fllen den Raum zwischen
den Frchten aus (Abb. 582). Das nchste Segment zeigt ein Ensemble aus goldenen
Kornhren, weiß-blauen Blten in Aufsicht mit gelbem Mittelpunkt sowie weiß-blauen
trichterfçrmigen Blten in Seitenansicht. Einige grn-weiße lanzettfçrmige Bltter bereichern das Ganze (Abb. 583). Im Scheitelpunkt des Bogens ist ein Medaillon mit
einem goldenen Christogramm vor blau-schwarzem Grund dargestellt. Es wird von
einem weiß eingefassten, goldenen Reif umgeben und scheint weitgehend restauriert zu
sein.
Stil: Der Stil dieser Girlande ist noch sehr naturalistisch und an der antiken Maltradition orientiert377. Das wird besonders an der Abschattierung der Frchte (Granatpfel,
Trauben), der sorgfltigen Ausarbeitung der Details (z. B. Maserungen des Weinlaubs)
sowie dem Wechsel von Auf- und Seitenansichtigkeit deutlich. Details wie die aufgeplatzten Granatpfel verstrken den lebendigen und naturalistischen Eindruck. Die
Umwickelung des Festons mit Binden sowie berschneidungen von Frchten und
Blttern (etwa bei der Weinranke, den gelben ovalen Frchten oder den Granatpfeln)
suggeriert Volumen. Starke Farbkontraste sind bei den in einzelne Farbstreifen zerlegten
Bndern um die Girlande oder bei den Granatpfeln erkennbar.
Vergleichbare Motive: Vom Typ her ist die Girlande des Apsismosaiks von Santi
Cosma e Damiano allgemein vergleichbar (Abb. 571)378. Einzelformen wie die aufgeplatzten Granatpfel sind bereits in den Girlanden der Kuppel von San Giovanni in
376 Eine unregelmßig verlaufende Linie aus zwei Reihen weißer Tesserae durchzieht diesen
Abschnitt der Lnge nach und fasst etwa die Hlfte der Flche dieses Segments ein.
Dadurch wird eine nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg vorgenommene Restaurierung angezeigt.
Vgl. Taddei 2002b, 1767; Matthiae 1967, 149. Auf dem Foto bei Krautheimer u. a.
1959, Abb. 35 fehlt dieser Teil des Mosaiks. Er war vermutlich zur Restaurierung abgenommen worden.
377 Oakeshott 1967, 157. 205 (Erluterung der Abb. 75 – 76).
378 Taddei 2002b, 1773 f. Vermutet einen gemeinsamen Prototyp fr diesen Girlandentyp
des 5. oder frhen 6. Jhs.
314
VIII Katalog mosaizierter Bogen- und Fensterlaibungen des 5. und 6. Jhs.
Fonte in Neapel (Abb. 671) und im Mosaik MGP1 vorhanden (Abb. 432)379. Die am
besten vergleichbare Girlande findet sich in der Laibung des Apsisbogens von
Sant’Agnese in Rom, dessen Mosaikschmuck unter Papst Honorius I. (625 – 638) entstanden ist380. Vor allem der Aufbau der einzelnen Segmente der Girlande SL1 zeigt eine
Verwandtschaft zu den Pendants in Sant’Agnese (Abb. 585 – 587). Dort erscheinen
ebenfalls Abschnitte mit gelben ovalen Frchten, Lilien- und sternfçrmigen Blten,
Granatpfeln und Weinranken. Des Weiteren wurden hier ebenfalls trichterfçrmige
Blten verwendet (Abb. 586)381. Selbst das Farbspektrum der das Feston umgebenden
roten Bnder hnelt SL1. Der Girlande in Sant’Agnese stellt aufgrund einer Reihe von
Abweichungen382 zu SL1 keine direkte Nachahmung dar. Die genannten bereinstimmungen bestimmter Einzelformen belegen aber die Tradierung eines spezifischen
Formenkanons rçmischer Mosaikwerksttten (etwa durch Mustervorlagen) ber einen
Zeitraum von etwa 40 bis 50 Jahren.
SL2: Eingerolltes Wellenband
Abb. 584
Literatur/Abbildungen: Unpubliziert.
Lage: Gewnde und Laibung des nçrdlichen Fensters der ursprnglichen Apsisstirnwand.
Zustand: Die Mosaikflche ist stark restauriert. Einige Partien des Mosaiks sind
schlechter erhalten und setzen sich von den offenbar restaurierten Partien klar ab. Nach
der Bestandszeichnung von Guglielmo Matthiae mssten diese Partien mit der originalen Mosaikflche rechts des heiligen Hyppolitus in Verbindung stehen383.
Beschreibung: Das Motiv ist anhand der anscheinend originalen Teile als rot-grnes
eingerolltes Wellenband vor schwarzem Grund rekonstruiert. Das Band ist in den
Windungen weiß eingefasst und besteht aus einer roten und einer grnen Seite. Die
einzelnen Farbsegmente einer jeden Windung weisen in der Mitte einen weißen Strich
auf, der auf jeder Seite von einem hellgrnen, anscheinend zum Teil mit goldenen
Tesserae durchsetzten, bzw. orangefarbenen Streifen eingefasst wird. Daran schließen
sich je eine dunkelrote bzw. dunkelgrne Zone an. Vom Scheitelpunkt einer jeden
Windung des Wellenbandes entspringt eine dnne gewundene weiße Taenie.
Stil: Die einzelnen Farbzonen sind wie bei den Bndern der Girlande SL1 in starken
Kontrasten gegeneinander gesetzt. Durch die Windungen und ihre weiße Einfassung
wird Tiefenrumlichkeit suggeriert.
Vergleichbare Motive: Zu eingerollten Wellenbndern s. die unter BaptOrth7 angefhrten Beispiele. Von der Farbigkeit her sind die Mosaiken Euphr2a/b der Euphrasius-Basilika in Poreč am ehesten vergleichbar (Abb. 548 – 553).
379 In MGP1 sind zudem auch aufgeplatzte Feigen dargestellt (Abb. 432 – 433).
380 So bereits Taddei 2002b, 1772 f. Abb. 6 – 7. Zum Mosaikdekor von Sant’Agnese
Matthiae 1967, 169 – 177. Zu den Restaurierungen Delfini-Filippi 1992, passim;
Matthiae 1967, 412. Nach der beigefgten Bestandszeichnung (Grafici dei restauri) ist
der Bereich des sdlichen Bogenansatzes (meine Abb. 587 unten) vollstndig restauriert.
381 Delfini-Filippi 1992, Abb. 8.
382 Z. B. dem Einfgen von Kçrben an den Bogenanstzen, der abwechselnden Verwendung
von grau-weißen und rçtlichen Bndern um die Girlande oder der Hinzufgung eines
Segments mit runden gelblichen Frchten, die in SL1 nicht vorkommen.
383 Matthiae 1967, Grafici dei restauri S. Lorenzo fuori le mura.
6 Kampanien
315
Datierung: Der musivische Dekor des ›Triumphbogens‹ entstand whrend des Pontifikats Pelagius’ II. (578 – 590). Dies ist aus der ber der Krmmung des ehemaligen
Apsisbogens angebrachten Inschrift und der Darstellung des Papstes als Stifter in dem
Mosaik zu entnehmen384. Die Laibung des Apsisbogens kann dem ursprnglichen Bestand zugeschrieben werden385. Einer Zeichnung von 1639 zufolge waren die seitlichen
Bereiche des ›Triumphbogens‹ nicht mehr erhalten386. Vom Motiv im Gewnde und in
der Laibung des nçrdlichen Fensterbogens war scheinbar noch einiges an originalem
Bestand vorhanden, so dass das Motiv des Wellenbandes vermutlich dem ursprnglichen
Zustand entspricht. Im gegenberliegenden Fenster ist das gleiche Motiv vorhanden
jedoch anscheinend vollstndig neuzeitlich ergnzt.
6 Kampanien
6.1 Mosaiken in Arkosolgrbern der Januarius-Katakombe in Neapel
Im oberen Stockwerk der Januarius-Katakombe in Neapel, der grçßten Katakombe außerhalb Roms, haben sich in der sog. Bischofskrypta vier aufwendig
mosaizierte Arkosolgrber erhalten. Diese 5,5 x 2,5 m große und 6 m hohe
Grabkammer innerhalb des oberen Stockwerks der Katakombe wurde 1971 – 73
bei Grabungen von Erdmassen befreit, die durch ein Lucernar eingedrungen
waren (Abb. 588 – 589)387. Die enorme Hçhe erklrt sich durch eine zu einem
spteren Zeitraum vorgenommene Vereinigung mit einem ber der Krypta
gelegenen Hypogum388. Die Bischofskrypta schließt sich an den Basilica dei
Vescovi genannten Saal an, der mit einem Tonnengewçlbe berspannt ist.
Letzterer wurde in Zusammenhang mit der Erhçhung der Krypta wohl in den
ersten Jahrzehnten des 6. Jhs. errichtet389. Diese Erweiterung fand mçglicherweise unter dem Episkopat Johannes’ II. († vor 558/59) statt (s. u. S 330).
Offenbar wurden einige Bischçfe und andere hohe Wrdentrger Neapels
(u. a. auch der Metropolit von Karthago Quodvultdeus; s. u.) ab einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der prchtig ausgeschmckten Krypta bestattet. Insge384 Bovini 1971, 128 f.
385 Die Girlande wird dem Meister zugeschrieben, der auch die Figur des Hippolyt auf dem
Triumphbogen gesetzt hat. Matthiae 1967, 161; Oakeshott 1967, 157. Letzterer
bezeichnet ihn als einen der „letzten Vertreter der rçmisch-antiken Tradition“. Vgl.
Taddei 2002b, 1766.
386 Oakeshott 1967, 156; Osborne – Claridge 1996, Abb. 27 (farbig).
387 Fasola 1975, 188. Zur Lage Fasola 1974, Plan III: A 6. Nach Bisconti 1995, Abb. 1
betrgt die Hçhe 7,38 m.
388 Korol 2000b, 156 Anm. 19; Fasola 1975, 189.
389 Fasola 1975, 220 – 223 Abb. 1. 12. Die Bezeichnung leitet sich von Malereiresten im
Gewçlbe des Saales ab, die einer Bildnisgalerie der ersten 14 Bischçfe Neapels zuzuweisen sind. Liccardo 1991, passim; Fasola 1974, 133 Abb. 88 – 89; Achelis 1936,
70 f. Taf. 45.
316
VIII Katalog mosaizierter Bogen- und Fensterlaibungen des 5. und 6. Jhs.
samt wurden sukzessive zehn Loculi und acht Arkosolgrber in der Kammer
angelegt, von denen vier mosaiziert waren. Neben einer ursprnglich mit Mosaik verzierten Decke390 war der Bereich der Wnde bis zur Hçhe der unteren
Arkosolgrber mit vegetabilem, geometrischem und figrlichem opus sectile
dekoriert391.
Im Hinblick auf die Fragestellung der Arbeit sind vor allem die dekorativen
Laibungsmosaiken von drei der vier mosaizierten Arkosolgrber von Interesse
(Abb. 588 – 589: 1 – 3). Dabei mssen auch die Lnetten mit den Brustbildern
bercksichtigt werden, da die Identitt der Verstorbenen fr die Datierung der
Laibungsmosaiken relevant ist. Auch die bisher nur sehr knappen publizierten
Beschreibungen dieser Grabmosaiken rechtfertigen eine etwas ausfhrlichere
Wrdigung an dieser Stelle.
Des Weiteren ist fr die Fragestellung der Arbeit ein mosaiziertes Kindergrab mit ornamental verzierter Bogenlaibung in der unteren Januarius-Katakombe relevant.
6.1.1 Das Grab Bischof Johannes I.
Das Hauptarkosol der Bischofskrypta befindet sich in der Wand an der
Schmalseite gegenber dem Eingang (Abb. 588 – 589: 1). Es liegt 1,05 m ber
dem Boden, die Scheitelhçhe des Bogens betrgt 1,58 m392. Die Lnette, der
Arkosolbogen und ein schmaler Streifen an der Stirnseite des Arkosols sind
mosaiziert. Auf dem Mosaikstreifen an der Stirnwand hat sich der Rest einer
Inschrift erhalten, die sich zu V SCS IOHANNIS ergnzen lsst393. Demnach
handelt es sich hier um das Grab des Bischofs Johannes I.394. Dieser hatte die
Reliquien des heiligen Januarius in die Katakombe berfhrt und in einem als
Oratorium bezeichneten Ort beigesetzt, wo er auch selbst bestattet wurde395. Er
verstarb am 2. April 432 bei einem Gottesdienst und wurde Tags darauf bestattet396.
Die Lnette (Abb. 590) wird von vielfarbigen Phantasieranken vor gelbem
Grund bedeckt, die eine imago clipeata mit dem Brustbild des Verstorbenen im
390 Korol 2000b, 156 Anm. 19.
391 Zum opus-sectile-Dekor Ciavolino 2003, 651 f. Abb. 38 – 39 und ausfhrlich Novara
1998, 149 – 162 Abb. 1 – 6, die den Dekor in die erste Hlfte des 5. Jhs. datiert. Zu
Resten von Wandmalerei in der Krypta Fasola 1974, 142 Abb. 93.
392 Maße nach Bisconti 1995, Abb. 1. Zu diesem Arkosol und seinem Dekor Amodio
2006, 79 f. Abb. 33; Fasola 1975, 190 f. Abb. 2; Fasola 1974, 138 Taf. 11 a.
393 Liccardo 2008, 76; Ciavolino 2003, 651 Abb. 37; Bisconti 1995, 256 Abb. 3 – 4.
394 Zu Johannes Pietri 1999, 1059 s. v. Iohannes 4; Achelis 1930, 18 f.
395 Gesta Episc. Neap. 1, 6, 15 – 19 (MGH Script. Rer. Lang. 1); Fasola 1975, 212;
Achelis 1930, 54. 61.
396 Zum Todesdatum Achelis 1930, 18 f.
6 Kampanien
317
Zentrum einrahmen397. Der rechte Teil der Lnette und der Bereich unter dem
clipeus sind stark zerstçrt. Von den in einem Hauptstrang unter dem clipeus
entspringenden Ranken zweigen eingerollte Bltter ab, die jeweils in einer roten
Blte enden. ber dem clipeus treffen die verjngten Enden beider Ranken
aufeinander. Die Bltter der Ranke werden aus trkisfarbenen, gold-gelben
sowie hell- und dunkelgrnen Tesserae gebildet und sind teilweise durch weiße
Konturlinien eingefasst. Das vegetabile Gebilde erinnert an Akanthusranken,
jedoch fehlen die charakteristischen gezackten Bltter. Auf der Hçhe des Kopfes
des Verstorbenen ist beiderseits des clipeus je eine blaue Weintraube platziert.
Eine weitere ist in der rechten unteren Ecke der Lnette auszumachen. Zudem
ist in der linken Hlfte eine weiße Lilienblte dargestellt.
In dem 66 cm durchmessenden clipeus ist vor gold-gelbem Hintergrund die
Bste eines kahlkçpfigen, grauhaarigen Mannes dargestellt (Abb. 604). Mittig
ber der Stirn ist ein weiß-graues Haarbschel angegeben, das durch fleischfarbene Partien klar von den Haaren ber seinem rechten Ohr getrennt ist. Es
wird sich bei dieser Haartracht, die zuweilen bei frhen Papstbildern auftritt,
wohl um eine Form der Tonsur handeln398.
Der Mann trgt einen kurzgeschorenen weiß-grauen Vollbart und ist mit
einem grau-violetten mit weißen Aufhellungen versehenen Pallium und einer
tunica manicata gleicher Farbe mit schwarzen clavi bekleidet. In seiner nicht
erhaltenen linken Hand hielt er ursprnglich einen geschlossenen Codex. Seine
rechte Hand ist zum Codex hin ausgestreckt, berhrt ihn aber nicht
(Abb. 594)399.
Der Stil des Mosaiks ist gekennzeichnet von gegeneinander abgesetzten
Farbflchen mit einer graphischen Komponente. So ist etwa an den dunklen
Konturlinien im Bereich von Brauen und Nase der Figur sowie bei der Gestaltung des Halsbereichs eine graphische Steinsetzung erkennbar. Im Bereich
397 Zu Restaurierungen des musivischen Dekors dieses Arkosols Bisconti 1995, 314 f.;
Fasola 1975, 191.
398 Fr gewçhnlich sind Tonsuren als geschlossener Haarkranz um eine rasierte Schdeldecke dargestellt. Trichet 1990, 69 – 72 Taf. 6 a–d. Allgemein zur Tonsur in der
Sptantike Leclercq 1953, bes. 2435 – 2440. Wenn man annimmt, dass der Mann stark
ausgeprgte ›Geheimratsecken‹ besaß, so kçnnte bei der Rasur einer Tonsur ein isoliertes
Haarbschel ber der Stirn entstehen. hnliche Haarbschel sind bei der Darstellung der
Ppste in San Paolo fuori le mura in Rom (Andaloro 2006a, 381 Abb. 4. 7; 383
Abb. 16) sowie bei Papst Theodor I. (642 – 649) im Mosaik der Venantius-Kapelle in
Rom dargestellt (L’Orange – Nordhagen 1960, Taf. 83), und noch bei Geistlichen in
einem karolingischen Codex bezeugt: Kotzur 2006, Abb. 18 – 19. Das Haarbschel
Papst Gregors IV. auf fol. 3v ist so schwach ausgeprgt, wie es bei der Rasur eines
weitgehend kahlkçpfigen Mannes entstehen kçnnte.
399 Es handelt sich wohl um eine Art des Redegestus. Fasola 1975, 190 deutet die
Handhaltung als ›gesto della parola‹. Zur problematischen Deutung des Gestus der vor
der Brust erhobenen Hand Heuser 1954, 105 – 109.
318
VIII Katalog mosaizierter Bogen- und Fensterlaibungen des 5. und 6. Jhs.
des Gesichts und insbesondere bei der Kleidung sind helle und dunkle Farbflchen deutlich unterscheidbar und nicht durch feine Farbbergnge miteinander verbunden. Jedoch sind die Farbflchen nicht homogen in einem Ton
gehalten, sondern mit Tesserae in hnlich hellen bzw. dunklen Tçnen durchsetzt. So bestehen etwa die Aufhellungen der Tunika und des Palliums aus einem
Wechsel von weißen und hellblauen Tesserae. Gerade der Kontrast der Aufhellungen der Kleidung zu den dunkleren Partien suggeriert intensive Lichtreflexe400. Der ›verschattete‹ linke Halsbereich des Mannes suggeriert einen
Lichteinfall von links. Vor allem diese Lichteffekte beugen einem flachen und
zweidimensionalen Eindruck vor und verleihen der Figur ein gewisses Maß an
Plastizitt und Volumen.
Bei den Ranken, die den zentralen clipeus umgeben, ist eine hnlich ›impressionistische‹ Stilauffassung zu beobachten. Hier sind grelle und leuchtende
Farbtçne in langen Linien nebeneinander platziert, ohne dass ein Bemhen um
malerische Abschattierungen oder eine naturgetreue Wiedergabe erkennbar ist.
JAN1: Pflanzenkandelaber
Abb. 592 – 593. 595
Literatur: Nicht in Abb. publiziert. Amodio 2006, 80; Korol 2000b, 155 Anm. 18;
Fasola 1975, 191.
Lage: Bogenlaibung des zentralen Grabes in der Westwand der Bischofskrypta
(Abb. 588 – 589: 1).
Zustand: Vom Mosaikschmuck dieser Bogenlaibung ist noch eine grçßere Partie im
Scheitelpunkt des Bogens und im nçrdlich daran anschließenden Bereich erhalten. Die
helleren gelblichen Tesserae des Hintergrundes in der linken Hlfte des Bildfeldes sind
mçglicherweise ein Anzeichen fr eine frhe Restaurierung401.
Beschreibung: Das Bildfeld des Bogens wird an den Lngsseiten von einem blauen
Rahmen eingefasst. Zur Lnette hin sind zudem noch eine Reihe gelber Tesserae, ein
roter und ein weiterer blauer Rahmenstreifen eingefgt. Grne Ranken auf gelbem
Grund bilden das Hauptmotiv des Bildfeldes. Sie wachsen kandelaberartig aus einem
grnlichen Blattkelch (der von grau-braunen, schwarzen und roten Tesserae durchsetzt
ist) an der unteren Bruchkante der Mosaikflche zum Scheitelpunkt empor. Dabei
winden sich zwei Rankenstrnge von den Lngsseiten des Bildfeldes zur Mittelachse hin,
stoßen dort fast aneinander und biegen dann zu den Seiten um. Sie enden in einer rotorangefarbenen Blte mit weißem ›Kern‹. ber diesen beiden Ranken entspringt ein
weiteres mehrfach verzweigtes grn-trkisfarbenes Rankengebilde, das sich v-fçrmig
vom Zentrum zu den Seiten des Bildfeldes entwickelt. Im Inneren dieses Gebildes sind
dnne gebogene Stengel auszumachen, die zur Mittelachse umbiegen und in rçtlichen
Blten enden. ber diesen Stengeln erscheint eine rçtliche, rautenfçrmige Struktur,
vermutlich eine Blte (Abb. 595). An einigen Stellen sind die Ranken an der einen Seite
von einer schwarzen Konturlinie eingefasst. Die von den Ranken eingefasste Flche ist
400 Eine hnliche Gewandbehandlung findet sich bei der Christusbste der Matronakapelle
in San Prisco bei Capua Vetere. Wilpert – Schumacher 1976, 300 Taf. 85.
401 So Fasola 1975, 191.
6 Kampanien
319
mit grau-braunen Tesserae gefllt. Nach dem erhaltenen Rest dieses Motivs zu urteilen,
wird es sich um ein kandelaberartiges vegetabiles Motiv handeln402.
Die Ranken fassen einen clipeus im Scheitelpunkt des Bogens ein, von dem noch
Teile der Rahmung (eine blaue Zone und eine weißen Linie) sowie geringe Reste der
trkisblauen Innenflche erhalten sind (Abb. 593). Im clipeus ist eine lngliche Struktur
mit geschweiften Enden aus grau-braunen Tesserae auszumachen. Dabei wird es sich um
die Lngshaste eines lateinischen Kreuzes handeln403. Geringe Reste der Querhaste sind
anscheinend ebenfalls erhalten (Abb. 593 rechts).
Stil: Die Ranken sind farblich differenziert und aus zwei grn- und einem trkisfarbenen Ton gesetzt. Sie sind nicht von hell zu dunkel abschattiert oder erkennbar plastisch ›modelliert‹. Die an einigen Stellen verwendeten schwarzen Konturlinien wirken
teilweise jedoch wie eine Abschattierung. Insgesamt erscheint das Motiv zu einem Ornament stilisiert und wenig naturnah. Die im Vergleich zu den Ranken der Lnette
weniger grelle Farbigkeit sorgt hier aber fr einen etwas lebendigeren Eindruck.
Vergleichbare Motive: Fr diesen Rankentyp sind mir keine direkten Vergleichsbeispiele bekannt.
Datierung: Nicola Ciavolino zufolge ist das Mosaik nicht in zeitlicher Nhe zum Tod
Johannes I. um 432 entstanden, sondern im Zuge einer spteren Verschçnerung, die
nicht vor dem 6. Jh. stattgefunden haben soll404. Er geht dabei von einer ersten Ausstattung des Grabes mit Malerei aus. Die Verschçnerung mit Mosaik bringt Ciavolino
in Verbindung mit einem Grafitto, das in einem Grab nahe der Bischofskrypta gefunden
wurde (s. u.). Zudem wird meist angenommen, die Abkrzung SCS fr das Prdikat
sanctus der Inschrift an der Stirnseite des Arkosols trete erst spter auf 405.
Jedoch spricht die bereits erwhnte mit Mosaiken verzierte Decke der Bischofskrypta, die vor der Erweiterung nach oben existierte406, eher fr eine musivische Ausstattung bereits im 5. Jh. Das darber gelegene jngste mosaizierte Arkosol der ›Bischofskrypta‹ ist sicher bereits dem 6. Jh. zuzuschreiben (s. u.). Zudem ist die Abkrzung
SCS bereits seit dem 5. Jh. speziell in Grabinschriften von Bischçfen bezeugt, z. B. fr
Bischof Gaudiosus, der in der gleichnamigen Katakombe in Neapel bestattet wurde
(482/483)407. Es ist deshalb m. E. weiterhin anzunehmen, dass das Arkosol Johannes I.
in zeitlicher Nhe zum Tod des Bischofs ausgeschmckt wurde, also um 432.
402 Fasola 1975, 191 bezeichnet das Motiv als „volute di acanto“. Von den fr Akanthus
typischen gezackten Blttern hat sich jedoch nirgends ein Rest erhalten.
403 Vgl. Fasola 1975, 191.
404 Ciavolino 2003, 651.
405 Liccardo 2008, 76. Vgl. Arbeiter – Korol 2006, 73 mit Anm. 137.
406 Korol 2000b, 156 Anm. 19.
407 Zur Grabinschrift des Gaudiosus und zu weiteren Beispielen fr die Abkrzung SCS bei
Grabinschriften von Bischçfen des 5. Jhs. Arbeiter – Korol 2006, 68. 70 – 74 Abb. 9 –
10 bes. S. 73 mit Anm. 139. Zur Datierung des Grabmosaiks des Gaudiosus s. o. Kap. V
S. 204 f. Anm. 45. Bei den hier vorgebrachten Argumenten gegen Ciavolinos These
handelt es sich um Ergebnisse der Magisterarbeit von Marcel Wegener „Sptantike
Mosaikinschriften aus der Januarius- und der Gaudiosus-Katakombe in Neapel. Rekonstruktion und historische Interpretation“, die er mir freundlicherweise mitgeteilt hat.
320
VIII Katalog mosaizierter Bogen- und Fensterlaibungen des 5. und 6. Jhs.
6.1.2 Das Grab eines afrikanischen Klerikers
Rechts neben dem Grab des Johannes liegt das grçßte mosaizierte Arkosol der
Bischofskrypta (Abb. 588 – 589: 2)408. Es liegt 1,20 m ber dem Boden. Der
Bogen hat eine Scheitelhçhe von 1,82 m. Die Lnette ist an ihrer gebogenen
Seite von einem Rahmen mit einem grn-goldenen Zackenmuster umgeben
(Abb. 591)409. An der unteren Seite schließt ein rotgrundiges Gemmenband aus
ovalen blauen und rechteckigen grnen goldgefassten Edelsteinen das Mosaik
ab410.
Das Lnettenbild zeigt eine dem Grabmosaik Johannes I. formal entsprechende Darstellung eines von Ranken umgebenen clipeus von 80 cm Durchmesser mit dem Brustbild des Verstorbenen. In der Lnette wird der schwarzblaue Hintergrund um den clipeus von grn-gelben Ranken umgeben, die aus
zwei sehr plastischen blau-grnen Akanthusblttern unter dem Tondo entspringen. Aus ihnen entsprießt je eine grn-gelbe Ranke, die in vielfachen
Windungen und Verzweigungen den Hintergrund der Lnette berzieht. An
den einzelnen, hufig hellblau gestalteten Enden der Ranken sitzen teils hellblaue kreuzfçrmige Blten in Aufsicht, teils grçßere hellblaue bzw. grne Bltter
in Seitenansicht mit einer roten Blte darauf (links des clipeus).
Der im clipeus vor goldenem Grund dargestellte ltere Mann trgt keinen
klar erkennbaren Bart (Abb. 601. 605). Hellgraue Partien im Bereich des Kinns
und der unteren Wangenbereiche deuten wohl einen Bartschatten an. hnlich
wie Bischof Johannes ist der Mann bis auf einen grauen Haarkranz und ein
Bschel grau-brauner Haarstrhnen ber der Stirn kahlkçpfig. Die Strhnen
heben sich nur schwach von der aus braunen und grulichen Tesserae gesetzten
Haut ab. Durch seine dunkle Haut unterscheidet er sich von den brigen
hellhutigen Personen in der Bischofskrypta. Zweifellos soll er somit als Afrikaner charakterisiert werden411. Der Mann ist mit einer weißen tunica manicata
408 Zu diesem Arkosol und seinem Dekor Amodio 2006, 79 – 92 Abb. 6 – 7. 36. 39; Fasola
1986, 206 Abb. 2; Rotili 1978, 33 f.; Brandenburg, in: Brenk 1977, 130 Nr. 25;
Fasola 1975, 191 – 194 Abb. 3; Fasola 1974, 155 – 157 Abb. 98 Taf. 12 – 13.
409 Solche Zackenbnder finden sich als Rahmenornamente in unterschiedlicher Farbigkeit
in sptantiken Wandmosaiken. Dazu o. Kap. IV.1.6 S. 146 mit Anm. 148.
410 Zu Gemmenbndern in der sptantiken Mosaikkunst s. auch o. Kap. III.4 S. 92 mit
Anm. 197.
411 Nach Fasola 1975, 191 und Fasola 1974, 155 handelt es sich zweifellos um das Bild
eines Afrikaners. In der rçmischen und sptantiken Kunst sind Afrikaner, teilweise auch
gypter (z. B. Asburnham Pentateuch fol. 44r. 65v. 68r oder der aus Alexandria stammende Heilige Isidoros von Chios in einem Fresko der Protothronē-Kirche auf Naxos:
Zias 1989, 37 Abb. 8) fr gewçhnlich mit dunkler Haut dargestellt, so dass die
Schlußfolgerung Fasolas naheliegend ist. Zur Darstellung dunkelhutiger in der sptantiken Kunst s. Devisse 1979, 46 Abb. 5 – 8 (zum Asburnham Pentateuch). Auch in
der Kunst der rçmischen Kaiserzeit charakterisieren Dunkelhutige stets Afrikaner bzw.
6 Kampanien
321
mit langen engen rmeln und einer Dalmatika mit weiten rmeln und
schwarzen clavi bekleidet. Am rechten rmel der Dalmatika sind zudem zwei
parallel verlaufende dnne schwarze Besatzstreifen erkennbar. Die weiße Dalmatika mit doppeltem schwarzem rmelbesatz ist fr das 5./6. Jh. durch
mehrere Beispiele fr Bischçfe und Diakone bezeugt412. In der linken Hand hlt
er einen Codex. Die Finger seiner rechten Hand berhren den prchtig verzierten grau-weißen und am Rand goldgefassten Einband des Buches
(Abb. 597). Dessen Einbanddeckel zeigt im Zentrum ein goldenes lateinisches
Gemmenkreuz. Umgeben wird das Kreuz von den sehr klein dargestellten
Symbolen der Evangelisten aus goldenen Tesserae413. Dadurch wird der Codex
eindeutig als Evangeliar charakterisiert. In Verbindung mit der Dalmatika kann
als gesichert gelten, dass es sich bei dem verstorbenen um einen hochrangigen
Kleriker handelt.
Dieses Mosaik nimmt innerhalb der Bischofskrypta einen besonderen Rang
ein und unterscheidet sich durch den Stil und die Farbigkeit von dem Johannes’
I. So wirken die Ranken und insbesondere die Akanthusbltter unter dem
clipeus naturnah und plastisch whrend diejenigen beim Grab des Johannes
einen sehr impressionistischen Eindruck vermitteln.
| 43,047 |
5749726_1
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Court Listener
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| 390 | 506 |
This is an appeal from an award of damages in an appropriation action which involves a Summer hotel located in the Catskill Mountains. The respondent appeals, contending that the amount awarded was inadequate. The court found the before value of the premises to be $450,000 and the after value $280,000 and made an award, including substantial consequential damages, in a lump sum of $170,000, all of which was within the range of the testimony. The property taken was approximately 7 acres of a 70-acre tract of land on which were located a hotel building, a number of other buildings, a regulation nine-hole golf course, a swimming pool, driveway, bridges and a water supply. In the appropriated property, the court determined that the water supply was completely taken; as to the golf course, all of hole No. 4, most of holes No. 3 and No. 5 and part of holes No. 6 and No. 7 and that for all practical purposes the taking ruined the entire golf course and, in place of the regulation course there remained what is commonly designated as a pitch and putt course. It was further found that the hotel catered to affluent clientele, that the loss of the golf course “ could easily affect the class of vacationers that would patronize the resort”. There was testimony that the golf course had a before value of $90,000 — including the bridges separately appraised at $11,000 — and an after value of $3,800, resulting in damages of $86,200. A golf professional and greenskeeper, testifying on behalf of the claimant, stated the course to be worth $79,000. The witness for the State valued the course at $27,000 and found that it was 85% damaged, with a resulting after value of $4,050. In our opinion, the evidence amply sustains a finding that the golf course before the appropriation was worth $79,000, and accepting the 85% damage value as estimated by the State witness, an award in the amount of $67,150 is proper. To this should be added the $11,000 for the loss of the bridges, bringing the total amount of the golf course to $78,150 and we so find. It is uncontradieted in this record that there was no other land available on the premises of the clamiant which could be .used or developed for a new regulation golf course.
| 29,540 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61290137
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Ел Милагро
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None
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Multilingual
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Semantic data
| 65 | 215 |
Ел Милагро
Ел Милагро држава Мексико
Ел Милагро INEGI ID места 220140248
Ел Милагро географске координате
Ел Милагро управно-територијална јединица Општина Керетаро
এল মিলাগ্রো
এল মিলাগ্রো দেশ মেক্সিকো
এল মিলাগ্রো অবস্থানের স্থানাঙ্ক
El Milagro
El Milagro país México
El Milagro código de localidades del INEGI 220140248
El Milagro coordenadas
El Milagro instancia de localidad de México
El Milagro situado en la entidad territorial administrativa Querétaro
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198100120105
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French Open Data
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Open Government
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Licence ouverte
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Groupement audiovisuel des associations locales
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ASSOCIATIONS
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French
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Spoken
| 28 | 35 |
devenir un centre de rencontre pour les associations locales de Quiévrechain ; développer par le son et l'image la culture ; faire connaître les activités locales au public
| 6,291 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10924311
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Wikidata
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器府 (星官)
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None
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Multilingual
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Semantic data
| 18 | 86 |
器府 (星官)
器府 (星官) 隶属于 星官
器府 (星官) Google知識圖譜編號 /g/11_ylrydj
Khì-hú (seng-koan)
Khì-hú (seng-koan) sī chi̍t ê Seng-koan
| 46,757 |
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrupa%20Birli%C4%9Fi%20mar%C5%9F%C4%B1
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Avrupa Birliği marşı
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https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avrupa Birliği marşı&action=history
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Turkish
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Spoken
| 281 | 908 |
Avrupa Birliği ve Avrupa Konseyi marşı, 1823 yılında Ludwig van Beethoven tarafından 9. senfoninin bitiş bölümü olarak bestelenmiş olan Neşeye Övgü (Almanca: Ode an die Freude) adlı müzikal çalışma. Türkçede Neşeye Ağıt, Özgürlüğe Ağıt şekillerinde de adlandırılmaktadır. Adına yazılmış sözleri bulunmasına karşın, sözsüz biçimde Avrupa Birliği ve Avrupa Konseyi tarafından resmî ortamlarda marş olarak çalınmaktadır.
Kökeni
Friedrich Schiller, 1785 yılında An die Freude (Türkçe: Neşeye) adlı şiirini yazdı. Bu şiirde Schiller insan ırkının kardeşlik ortamı içinde yaşamasına ilişkin ülkülerini ifade etti. Bu da Ludwig van Beethoven'ın 9. senfonisinin Neşeye Övgü bölümünü yazmasına kaynaklık etti.
Marş olarak kabul edilmesi
1971 yılında Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenterler Meclisi'nde Ludwig van Beethoven'ın 9. senfonisinin Neşeye Övgü bölümünün Avrupa Birliği'nin resmî marşı olması konusundaki öneriler kabul edildi. Avrupa Konseyi bakanları 19 Ocak 1972 tarihinde Strazburg'da bunun Avrupa Birliği'nin resmî marşı olduğunu ilan ettiler.
Bir orkestra şefi olan Herbert von Karajan'dan solo piyano, üflemeli çalgılar ve senfoni orkestraları için üç ayrı düzenleme yapmasını istenildi. Resmî kayıtlardaki orkestranın çalmasına da Karajan şeflik etti.
Kabul edildiği dönemde Avrupa Topluluğu, 1993'ten bu yana Avrupa Birliği olarak anılan topluluğun üyelerinin kabul ettiği bu marş, üye ülkelerin ulusal marşlarının yerini alması amacıyla oluşturulmamış, yalnızca birlikteki üyelerin ortak kutlamalarında çalınması düşünülmüştür. Marş, birleşik bir Avrupa ülküsünü, özgürlüğü, barışı ve dayanıklılığı ifade eder.
Güncel
Marşın, diğer Avrupa Birliği simgeleriyle birlikte oluşturulmak istenen Avrupa Birliği Anayasası'na dâhil edilmesi düşünülmüş ancak bu tasarı kabul görmeyip düşünce, daha sonraki Lizbon Antlaşması'nda bu simgelere ilişkin herhangi bir şey belirtilmemiştir. Bununla birlikte, Avrupa Parlamentosu ise marşın daha çok ortamda çalınması kararına varmıştır. Bu marş, Sırbistan'dan ayrılma kutlamalarını yapan Kosova tarafından da kendi ulusal marşını oluşturana kadar, Avrupa Birliği'nin bağımsızlık süreçlerine verdiği desteğe bir minnet olarak kullanılmıştır.
Kaynakça
Marşı
Ulusal marşlar
| 12,594 |
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Art der Gattung Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum wissenschaftlicher Name Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum taxonomischer Rang Art
Epidermophyton angustisporum übergeordnetes Taxon Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum ist ein(e) Taxon
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Epidermophyton angustisporum identificativo MycoBank 297310
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Epidermophyton angustisporum taxon supérieur Epidermophyton
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Epidermophyton angustisporum identifiant Catalogue of Life 6G3K4
Epidermophyton angustisporum nom court
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taxon
Epidermophyton angustisporum wetenschappelijke naam Epidermophyton angustisporum
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Epidermophyton angustisporum nomen breve
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum наукова назва таксона Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum таксономічний ранг вид
Epidermophyton angustisporum батьківський таксон Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum є одним із таксон
Epidermophyton angustisporum ідентифікатор імені таксона MycoBank 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum ідентифікатор Index Fungorum 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum ідентифікатор у GBIF 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum ідентифікатор Catalogue of Life 6G3K4
Epidermophyton angustisporum коротка назва
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum nome del taxón Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum categoría taxonómica especie
Epidermophyton angustisporum taxón inmediatamente superior Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum instancia de taxón
Epidermophyton angustisporum nome curtiu
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum ainm an tacsóin Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum rang an tacsóin speiceas
Epidermophyton angustisporum máthairthacsón Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum sampla de tacsón
Epidermophyton angustisporum ainm gearr
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum nume științific Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum rang taxonomic specie
Epidermophyton angustisporum taxon superior Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum este un/o taxon
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificator MycoBank 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificator Global Biodiversity Information Facility 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum nume scurt
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum nome do táxon Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum categoria taxonómica espécie
Epidermophyton angustisporum táxon imediatamente superior Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum instância de táxon
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador de nome de táxon do MycoBank 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador Index Fungorum 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador Global Biodiversity Information Facility 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum nome curto
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum naukowa nazwa taksonu Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum kategoria systematyczna gatunek
Epidermophyton angustisporum takson nadrzędny Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum jest to takson
Epidermophyton angustisporum identyfikator MycoBank 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum identyfikator Index Fungorum 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum identyfikator GBIF 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum nazwa skrócona
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum tên phân loại Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum cấp bậc phân loại loài
Epidermophyton angustisporum đơn vị phân loại mẹ Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum là một đơn vị phân loại
Epidermophyton angustisporum ID Index Fungorum 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum định danh GBIF 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum tên ngắn
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum emri shkencor Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum instancë e takson
Epidermophyton angustisporum emër i shkurtër
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum tieteellinen nimi Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum taksonitaso laji
Epidermophyton angustisporum osa taksonia Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum esiintymä kohteesta taksoni
Epidermophyton angustisporum MycoBank-tunniste 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum Index Fungorum -tunniste 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum Global Biodiversity Information Facility -tunniste 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum Catalogue of Life -tunniste 6G3K4
Epidermophyton angustisporum lyhyt nimi
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum izen zientifikoa Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum maila taxonomikoa espezie
Epidermophyton angustisporum goiko maila taxonomikoa Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum honako hau da taxon
Epidermophyton angustisporum MycoBank identifikatzailea 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum Index Fungorum identifikatzailea 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum GBIFen identifikatzailea 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum Catalogue of Life identifikatzailea 6G3K4
Epidermophyton angustisporum izen laburra
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum instancia de Taxón
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum nom scientific Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum reng taxonomic espècia
Epidermophyton angustisporum taxon superior Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum natura de l'element taxon
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificant GBIF 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum nom cort
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum taksonomia nomo Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum taksonomia rango specio
Epidermophyton angustisporum supera taksono Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum estas taksono
Epidermophyton angustisporum Index Fungorum numero 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum mallonga nomo
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum nom científic Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum categoria taxonòmica espècie
Epidermophyton angustisporum tàxon superior immediat Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum instància de tàxon
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador MycoBank 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador Index Fungorum de tàxon 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador GBIF 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador Catalogue of Life 6G3K4
Epidermophyton angustisporum nom curt
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum nem brefik
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum nome do taxon Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum categoría taxonómica especie
Epidermophyton angustisporum taxon superior inmediato Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum instancia de taxon
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador MycoBank 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador Index Fungorum 297310
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador GBIF 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador Catalogue of Life 6G3K4
Epidermophyton angustisporum nome curto
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum nomine del taxon Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum rango taxonomic specie
Epidermophyton angustisporum taxon superior immediate Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum instantia de taxon
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum kurta nomo
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum nome taxológico Epidermophyton angustisporum
Epidermophyton angustisporum categoria taxonômica espécie
Epidermophyton angustisporum táxon imediatamente superior Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton angustisporum instância de táxon
Epidermophyton angustisporum identificador GBIF 5490584
Epidermophyton angustisporum nome curto
| 39,970 |
https://github.com/krishnanlab/geneplexus_app/blob/master/runner.sh
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| null |
geneplexus_app
|
krishnanlab
|
Shell
|
Code
| 472 | 1,198 |
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# runner.sh
# this maps environment variables to runner.py args
# so we can run it within Docker with params set as env vars
# TODO check for existence of each env var
# TODO trap errors
# required args
if [ ! -f "$GENE_FILE" ]; then
echo "gene file=$GENE_FILE was not found, exiting"
exit 1
fi
if [ ! -d "$DATA_PATH" ]; then
echo "Data path $DATA_PATH not found, exiting"
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$DATA_PATH" ]; then
echo "DATA_PATH variable must be set to location of backend data, exiting"
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$OUTPUT_FILE" ]; then
echo "OUTPUT_FILE variable must be set for writing output, exiting"
exit 1
fi
LOGFILE="$OUTPUT_FILE".log
OUTPUT_PATH=`dirname $OUTPUT_FILE`
# get the folder where the output file is to be saved based on output file
# only use args if they have corresponding env var set, otherwise let py script use defaults
# accumulate ARGS for the vars with default that are set
# this will be valuable for quick testing
ARGS="--output_path $OUTPUT_PATH "
if [ -n "$GP_NET_TYPE" ]; then
ARGS="$ARGS --net_type $GP_NET_TYPE"
fi
if [ -n "$GP_FEATURES" ]; then
ARGS="$ARGS --features $GP_FEATURES"
fi
if [ -n "$GP_GSC" ]; then
ARGS="$ARGS --GSC $GP_GSC"
fi
if [ -n "$JOBNAME" ]; then
ARGS="$ARGS -j $JOBNAME"
fi
function post_status ()
{
# post-job status update
# APP_POST_URL is set by the OS or Dockerfile
url=$APP_POST_URL/$JOBNAME
STATUS_DATA='{"status":'$1'}'
# using silent flag so the % completion doesn't go into the log
curl --silent --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--request POST \
--data $STATUS_DATA \
$url
}
function make_zip ()
{
# post-job combine all files into a zip file.
cd $OUTPUT_PATH/..
zip -r -9 $OUTPUT_PATH/$JOBNAME.zip `basename $OUTPUT_PATH`
}
# get system stats in logfile
#echo "System Memory State " | tee -a $LOGFILE
#vmstat -s -S M | tee -a $LOGFILE
# also send it to the error log?
# >&2 vmstat -s -S g
RUNCMD="runner.py $ARGS -d $DATA_PATH --cross_validation $GENE_FILE "
echo $RUNCMD | tee -a $LOGFILE
echo "STARTED `date +'%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S'`" | tee -a $LOGFILE
python $RUNCMD > "$OUTPUT_FILE" 2> $LOGFILE
cat $LOGFILE
PYTHON_EXITCODE=$?
if [ $PYTHON_EXITCODE -eq 0 ]
then
make_zip 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
post_status 200 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
echo "COMPLETED `date +'%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S'`" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
else
post_status 500 2>&1 | tee -a $logfile
echo "ERROR `date +'%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S'` exit code $PYTHON_EXITCODE" | tee -a $LOGFILE
fi
# testing example
# make sure to activate your python environment prior to running
function testrun ()
{
# get data_path from your .env file
source .env
# change this to a gene file you have on your machine
export GENE_FILE="../input_genes_newlines.txt"
export OUTPUT_FILE="../test_output.html"
GP_NET_TYPE="BioGrid" GP_FEATURES="Embedding" GP_GSC="GO" JOBNAME="example_run" ./runner.sh
# open $OUTPUT_FILE
}
# # DATA_PATH=/Volumes/compbio/krishnanlab/projects/GenePlexus/repos/GenePlexusBackend/data_backend2 \
# python runner.py --net_type $GP_NET_TYPE --features $GP_FEATURES --GSC $GP_GSC -d "$DATA_PATH" -j "$JOBNAME" --cross_validation "$GENE_FILE"
| 26,577 |
pirate02scotgoog_8
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,822 |
The pirate
|
Scott, Walter, 1771-1832
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,183 | 10,593 |
No part of the wild and mountainous region over wbidi Mordaunt guided him but what sug- gested to his active imagination some sdicme of iaptovenient and alteration. He would make a raad through yon scarce passable glen, where at present nothing but the sure-footed creatures on wUdi they were mounted could tread with any safety* He would substitute better houses for the skeoes, or sheds built of dry stones, in which tbe inhabitants cured or manufactured th^ fish «-th^ diouU brew good ale instead of bland^— 96S THE PIRATB. they should plant forests where tree never greir, and find mines of treasure where aDanish akiUiog was accounted a coin of a most respectable deno- mination. All these mutations, with uoaqyochen^ did the worthy factor redolve upoQ, speaking aft the same time with the utmost oonfideqoe of the countenance and assistance which he W99 tfi le- ceive from the higher classes, and e^pfxialiy from Magnus Troil. <* I will impart some of my 'deaa to the poor man,^ he said, ^< before we are both many hours older; and you will mark how grateful he will be tQ the man who brings him knowledge, wluch is better than wealth.^ *^ I would not have you build too strongly oa that,^ said M ordaunt, by way of caution ; *< Mag- nus TroiPs boat is kittle to trim— he likes hit own ways, and his country-ways, and you will m soon teach your sheltie to dive like a sealgh, as bring Magnus to take a Scottish fashion in the place of a Norse one ;— and yet, if he is steady to his old customs, he may perhaps be as change* able as anotlier in his old friendships.^ << Hetts tu9 inepU T said the scholar of Saint Andrews, << steady or unsteady, what can it mafc^ THS PIBATJK. ass to?— am not I here in point of trust, and in point of power ? and shall aFowde, by which tNurbarous appellative this Magnus Troil still calls himself, pnesume to measure judgment and weigh reasons with me, who represent the full dignity ot the Chamberlain of the islands of Orkney and Zetr- ^ Stili,^ smd Mordaunt, ^^ I would advise you not to advance too rashly upon his prejudices. JiagDus Troil, from the hour of his birth to this day, never saw a greater man than himself, and it is difficult to bridle an old horse for the first tuna Beades, he has at no time in his life been a patient listener to long explanations, so it is poanble that he may quarrel with your proposed icfnuiation, before you can convince him of its advantages.^ ^ How mean you, young man ?*" said the fac- ta>— *' Is there one who dwells in these islands, who is so wretchedly blind as not to be sensible. of their deplorable defects ? Can a man,^ he add* e4^ rising into enthusiasm as he spoke, ^^ or even a beast, look at that thing there, which they have the impudence to call a corn-mill, without 964 TUJE FIAATB. treniblkig to think that corn Bhocikl be entmsted to such a miserable molendinary P The wretches are obliged to have at least fifty in each parish^ each trundling away upon its paltry miU-stone^ under the thatch of a roof no bigger than a bee- skep, instead of a noble and seemly baron^s tbSU^ that you would hear the clack of through the haill country ; and that casts the meal through the mill-eye by forpits at a time.* ^* Ay, ay, brother,^ said his aster, *^ tbaA spoken like your wise sell* The mair cost the mair honour-«-that^s your word ever nudr. Can it no creep into your wise head, man, that ilka body grinds their ain nievefu^ of meal, in this country, without plaguing themselves about ba* ron^s mills, and thirls, and sucken, and the like trade ? How mony a time have I heard you bdl- the-cat with auld Edie Happer, the miller at Grindlebum, and wi^ his very knave too, about io^town and out-town multures-^lock, gowpeii» and knaveship, and a^ the lave o\ ; and now nae- thmg less will serve you than to bring in ibm very same fashery on a wheen puir bodies^ that big ilk ane a mill for themselves, sic as it is.* THB PIBATK. IKS ^ Duma tdl me of gowpen and knareship T adnmed the indignant agriculturist; ^ beU to pay the iialf the grist to the miller, to have the rest grund in a Christian manner, than put good gnun into a baim^s whirligig. self from the folds of the cloak ^ fled back towards its own wilderness, neighing in scorn, and fling- ing out its heels at every five yards* Laughing heartily at his disaster, Mordaunt helped the old man to arise; while his sister sarcastically congratulated him on having faUeii rather into the shallows of a Zetland rivulet tfaon the depths of a Scottish mill-pond. Disdaining to reply to this sarcasm, Triptolemus, so soon as he had recovered his legs, shaken his ears, and found that the folds of his cloak had saved him from being much wet in the scanty streamlet, ex- claimed aloud, '* I will have cussers from Lan- arkshire—brood mares from Ayrshire— I will not have one of these cursed abortions left on the islands, to break honest folks^ necks— -I say, Ba^ by, I will rid the land of them.^ ^* Ye had better wring your un doak, Tripto- lemus,^^ answered Baby. Mordaunt meanwhile was employed in catch* ing another poney, from a herd which strayed at some distance ; and, having made a halter out of twisted rushes, he seated the dismayed agricul- turist in safety upon a more quiet, though lefs IS THK PIAATX. 5H7 actm pooey, than that which he had at first be- But Mr Yellmrley^s fall had operated as a oon- aUkiaUe sedate upon his qpirits, and, for the bJk Mpace ci five miles^ travd, he said scarce a void, leavh^ fuU course to the melancholy aqpi- lations and lamentations which his sister Baby bellowed on the old bridle, which the poney had canied off in its flight, and which, she observed, after having lasted for eighteen years come Mar- tiBiDss, might be now considered as a cast-a-way tUng. Finding she had thus the field to hersdf^ the old lady launched forth into a lecture upon economy, according to her own idea of that vir- tue^ whidi seemed to include a system of priva- tions, which, though observed with the sole pur- pose of saving money, might, if undertaken upon odier principles, have ranked high in the history of a religious ascetic She was but little iuterrupted by Mordaunt, who, conscious he was now on the eve of iqp- P'Oidung Burgh Westra, employed himself ra- ^ m the task of anudpating the nature of ^ reception he was about to meet with there m 268 THE FIBATX. from two beautiful young women^ than with the prosing of an old one, however wisely she mi^il prove that smalLbeer was more wholesome than strong ale ; and that if her brother had bruited his ankle-bone in hb tumble, cumfrey and butM was better to bring him round again, than all tke doctor'^s drugs in the world. But now the dreary moorlands, ovor wUdi their path had hitherto lain, were exchanged for a more pleasant prospect, opening on a salt-ws» ter lake, or arm of the sea, which ran up fir inland, and was surrounded by flat and fertile ground, producing crops better than the ezpe> rienced eye of Triptolemus Yellowley bad as yet witnessed in Zetland. In the midst of this Goshen stood the manaon of Burgh^Westra* screened from the north and east by a ridge of heathy hills which lay behind it, and oommandiog an interesting prospect of the lake and its parent ocean, as wdl as the islands, and more distant mountains. From the man«on itself, as well at from almost every cottage in the adjacent ham* let, arose sudi a rich cloud of vapoury smoke, at shewed^ that the preparations for the fattind THS PIRATI. ao» wore not confined to the prindpal residence of Magnus himself, but extended through the whole vidoage. *^ My eertie,* said Mistress Baby Yellowley, '^tne wad think the haill town was on fire ! The fcry hill-fiide smells of their wastefulness, and a hu^ry heart wad searoe seek better kitchen to a barley scone, than just to waft it in the reek thafs tiaiig out of yon lums.^ CHAPTEM XII. If the smell wfaidi wis wafted fiom the dum- Dies of Burgb-Westrm up to the barren hiOs Iij wliidi the manaioii was surrounded, oould, as Mistrett Barbara opined, have refreshed the hun- gry, the noise which jHrooeeded from thenoe might have given hearing to the deaf. It was a med* ley of all sounds, and all connected with jolHly and kind welcome. Nor were the sights connect- ed with them less animating. Troops of friends were seen in the act of arri- vingu-their dispersed ponies flying to the nnxxs in every direcU<Hi, to recover th^ own pastures in the best way they could ;— such, as we have aU THS PIRATE. 5m Teidjr said, being the usual mode of discharging the cavalry which had been levied for a daj^s ser- vice. At a small but commodious harbour, con- nected %ith the house and hamlet, those viators were landing from their boats, who, hving in distant blands, and along the coast, had prefer- red makii^ their journey by sea. Pausing tre* qnently to greet each other, Mordaunt and hi^ compmioiis might see eadi party strolling on suc- caifdj to the house, whose ever open gate re- eeircd them alternately in such numbers, that it •soiled the extent of the mansion, though suited to the opulence and hospitality of the owner, wt» scate, on this occasion, sufficient for the guests. Amongst the confused sounds •of mirth and vdcome which arose at the entrance of each new conptny, Mordaunt thought he could distin- gtiiih the loud laugh and hearty salutation of the itt of the mansion, and b^an to feel more deep- ly thin before, the anxious doubt, whether that ttrdial reception, which was distributed so free- ly to all others, would be on this oocaaon ex- ^oded to hint. As they came on, they heard ^ voluntary scrapings and bravura effusions tf the gallant fiddlers, who impatiently flung S7S THE PIRATE. already from their bows thoee sounds with which they were to animate the evening. The darooiir of the cook'^s assistants, and the loud scolding tones of the cook himself, were also to be heard -—sounds of dissonance at any other time, but which, subdued with others, and by certun hap- py associations, form no disagreeable part of the full chorus which always precedes a rural feasL Meanwhile, the guests advanced, full each of their own thoughts. Mordaunt^s we have alrea- dy noticed. Baby was wrapt up in the ikiekn* choly grief and surprise excited by the ponlivc conviction, that so much victuals had been oook* ed at once as were necessary to feed all the moutht which were clamouring around her^-^an eoormi* ty of expence, which, though she was no way ooii* cemed in bearing it, affected her nerves^ as th# beholding a massacre would touch those of the most indifferent spectator, however well assured of his own personal safety. She sickened, in shorty at the sight of so much extravagance, like Aby»- sinian Bruce, when he saw the luckless minstrdi of Gondar hacked to pieces by the order of Has Michael. As for her brother, they being now «f* 13 TII£ FIBAT£. S75 riFed wfaone ilie rude and antique inatrumenta of Zpfland agricultoie lay scaUered in the usual eonfasian of a Soottiah barn-yard, his tboughta vere at oooe engroiied in the deficiencies of the ana stilted plou^b— of the twUcary with which diay dig peats*— of the sledges, on which they tnmportconunodities— of all and everything, in diort, in whidi the usages of the islands differed firaia that of the main land of Scotland. Thesight of these imperfect instruments stirred the Uood of Ti^ptolenras TeUowleyy as that of the bold war- lior rises at seeing the arms and insignia of the ^naaj with whom he is about to combat; and, ^atlifiil to his hi^ emprize, he thought less of the huiger whidi his journey had oocasoned, al- ^kxigfa idxiut to be satisfied by such a dinner as ivdy fell to his lot, than upon the task which he had undertaken, of civilizing the manners, and 'iifroving the cultivation, of Zetland. ^Jada at aka^ he muttered to himself, ** due veiy day shall prove wh^er the Zetland- ^ sie worthy of our labours, or whether their '^^ are wt incapable of cultivation 9a tbor YOi.L s S74 THE FIftATB. peat-moeaes. Tet let us be cautious, and watdi the soft time of speech. I fed, by my own ez* perienoe, that it were best to let the body, in hs present state, take the place of the mind« A mouthful of that same roast beef, which smells 80 delicately, will fcnm an apt introduction to my grand plan for improving the breed of stock.^ By this time the viators had reached the low but ample firont of Magnus Trmfs residence, wUch seemed of various dates, with large and ill- contrived additions, hastily adapted to the original building, as the increasing estate, or enlarged fa- mily, of succesfflve proprietors, appeared to eadi to demand. Beneath a low, broad, and large porch, supported by two huge carved posts, once the head- ornaments of vessels whidi had found shipwredc upon the coast, stood Magnus himself, intent on the hospitable toil of receiving and welcoming the numerous guests who succesrivdy approached. His strong portly figure was well adapted to the dress which he wore— a blue coat of an antique cut, lined with scarlet, and laced and looped with gold down the seams and button-holes, and along the ample cuffs. Strong and masculine features. THS ?IftATX. 975 vettdtfed niddj and brown by frequent exposure to levere weather— a quandtj of most venerable ailTer hnr, which fell in unshorn profusion from under his gold-laced hat^ and was carelessly tied with a ribband behind^ expressed at once his ad^ vanoed age^ his hasty, yet well-^xmditioned tern* per, and his robust constitution. As our travel* Wnappioached him, a shade of displeasure seem- ed to cross his brow, and to interrupt fcnr an in- stsnt the honest and hearty burst of hilarity with whidi he had been in the act of greeting all prior anmls. When he approached Triptolemus Yel- iowley, he drew himself up, so as to mix, as it ^*ere, some share of the stately importance of the opulent Udaller with the welcome afforded by tbe frank and hospitable landlord* ^ You are welcome, Mr Yellowley,^ was his sddress to the factor; '^you are welcome to Westm— the wind has blown you on a rough coitt, and we that are the natives must be kind 'toyou as we can. This, I believe, is your nstejr — Mistress Barbara Yellowley, permit me the Iwour of a ndghbourly salute.*— And so say- ing, with a daring and sdf-devoted courtesy, 976 wUch would iod no cqad m oar imy%, he actmllj ircntuivd Id aobUe tbe witlMnd cheek of the sfimaO^m, who idasDcd ao lavA of her oBod peerishiiew of cxpreviao, estonoeifo die courtesy widi tnmfthiBg which jppcoachad to a anile. He then looked full at Mocdflnnl Mertoony and, without QBenog his hand, nk|f in a tone somewhat hroken bj supprened agita- tioOy ^ Too too are wdoome. Master Mordaimt^ ^ Did I not think so,* sud Mofdaunt, nato- raUy offended by the coldness of his hosfs man ner^ ^' I had not been here— and it is not jet too late to turn back."" « Young man,"* replied Magnus, '^ you know better than most, that from these doors no man can turn, without an offence to their owner. I pray you, disturb not my guests by your ill-timed scruples. flan of bemg cxduded from all share in it^ the UdaDcr mhcved the gueata into his house, where tso large outer rooma, which, on the present oc- caMB, aerred the puipose of a modem saloon, wne aheady crowded with guests of every de- The furniture was sufficiently ample, and had afhsiariwprcnliartotheatuaricHi of these stormy idmds. Magnns Trail was, indeed, like most of die Ugher daas of Zetland proprietors, a friend to Ae dEstressed traveller, whether by sea or land, asd had repeatedly exerted his whcie authcvity in protecting the property and persons of ship. vittked mariners ; yet so frequent were wrecks iipoi that tremendous coast, and so many unap- popiiated articles were constantly flung ashore, ^ the interior of the house bore sufficient wit- ^^ to the ravages of the ocean, and to the ex- ^*oat of those rights which the lawyers term fkiiome and Jeitome. The chairs, which were ^iiviged around the walls, were such as are used • ^ cafaiogy and many of them were of foreign con- 278 THE FI&ATC. struction ; the mirrors and cabinets, which were' placed against the walls for ornament or ccmve^; nience, had, it was plain from their form, been constructed for ship-board, and one cnr two of the' latter were of strange and unknown wood. Even the partition which separated the two apartmenta, - seemed constructed out of the bulk-heads of some' large vessel, dumnly adapted to the service wUdi : it at present performed, by the labour of some na- tive joiner. To a stranger, these evident marks and tokens of human misery might, at the first glance, form a contrast with the scene of mirth with which; they were now associated ; but to the natives, the association was so familiar, that it did not for m moment interrupt the course of their glee. To the younger part of these revellers the pre« sence of Mordaunt was like a fresh charm of en» joyment All came around him to marvel at his absence, and all, by their repeated inquiries, plain- ly shewed that they conceived it had been entirdy voluntary on his side. The youth felt that this general acceptation relieved his anxiety on one painful point. Whatever prejudice the family of Burgh Westra might have adopted respecting TH£ PlftATE. 979 fainiy it must be of a private nature ; and at least he had not the additional pain of finding that he was depreciated in .the eyes of society, at huge ; and lus vindication, when he found oppartxaitj to make one, would not require to be extended beyond the circle of a ungle ficunily. This was consoling ; though his heart still throbbed with anxiety at the thought of meeting with his estran- ged, bat sbll beloved friends. Laying the excuse of Us absence on his father^s state of health, he made his way through the various groupes offirieDds and guests, each of whom seemed will- ing to detain him as long as possible, and having got lid of his travelling companions, who at first stuck fast as burs, by presenting them to one or two fiunilies of consequence, he reached at length tbe door of a small apartment, which, opening fitm one of the large exterior rooms we have nientioned, Minna and Brenda had be^i pemnt* ted to fit up after th^ own taste, and to call thdr peculiar property. Mordaunt had contributed no small share of the invention and mechanical executimi employ- cd m fitting up this favourite apartment, and in 280 THE FI&ATE. its oniaineDts. It wa% indeed, duriag his last reflidence at Burgfa Westra, as firee to Us entrance and occupatioD, as to its propor nus- tresses. But now, so much were times aitexed, that he remained with his finger on the latch, un- certain whether he should take the freedom to draw it, until Brenda'*s voice proDounocd the words << Come in tbeny^ in the tone of one who is interrupted by an unwelcome disturber, who is Id be heard and dispatched with all the q>eed pot- nble. At this signal, Mertoun entered the fimciftil cabinet of the usters, which, by the addidcm of many ornaments, including some articles of considerable value, had been fitted up for the ap- proaching festival. The daughters of Magnus^ at the moment of Mordaunfs entrance, were seat- ed in deep consultation with the stranger Cleve- land, and with a little slight-made old man, whose eye retained all the vivacity of spirit, wluch had supported him under the thousand vicissitudes of a changeful and precarious life, and which, aooom- panying him in his old age, rendered his grey hairs less awfully reverend perhi^, but not less THK FIRATK. fSl beioredy than would a more grave and leai i magi- ■atiTe ezpresuoQ of countenance and character. There was even a penetrating shrewdness mingled iiitlielooSc of curion^, with which^ as he stepped fir an instant aside, he seemed to watch the meet- iag of Mordaunt with the two lovely nsters. The reception the youth met with resembled, in gaKral character, that which he had experienced &om llagnudiimself ; but the maidens could not loirril cover thor sense of the change of circum- lUiioes under which they met. Both blushed, as naiig, and without extending the hand, far less of- fering the cheek, as the fashion of the times per- Buttcd,and almost exacted, they paid to Mordaunt die alatation due to an ordinary acquaintance. ButtbeUnah of the elder was one of those tran- i>ait eridenoes of flitting emotion, that vanish as ^ as the passing thought which excites them, la an instant she stood befcnre Mordaunt calm vd cold, returning, with guarded and cautious ^oaitesy, the usual civilities^ which, with a faul- ^>ring Yoice, Mordaunt endeavoured to present to ^- The emotion of Brenda bore, externally at '^ a deeper and more agitating character. Her SSSt THE FIBATK. bhish extended over eTery part of her beautiful skin which her dress permitted to be viuble, iu- cluding her slender neck, and the upper region of a finely formed bosom. Neither did she even at- tempt to reply to what share of his confused com- pliment Mordaunt addressed to her in particular, but regarded him with eyes, in which diqpleaaure was evidently mingled with feelings of regret, and reoollecdons of forma times. Mordaunt felt, as it were, assured upon the instant, that the regard of Minna was extinguished, but that it might be yet possible to recover that of the milder Brenda ; and such is the waywardness of human fancy, that though he had never hitherto made any dis- tinct difierence betwixt these two beautiful and interesting girls, the favour of her, which seemed most absolutely withdrawn, became at the mo- ment the most interesting in his eyes. He was disturbed in these hasty reflections by Cleveland, who advanced, with nulitary finank* ness, to pay his compliments to his preserver, having only delayed long enough to permit tlie exchange of the ordinary salutation betwixt tlie viator and the ladies of the fanuly. He maii^ THB FIBATE. S88 his wppmadi with to good a grace, that it was laposable for Mordaunt, although he dated the loBB of farour at Burgh Westra from this stran* gar's qipearance on the coast, and domestication IB die family, to do less than return his advances as oomrtesy demanded, accept his thanks with an tqppeanmoe of satisfaction, and hope that his time had past pleasantly junce their last meeting. Clevdand was about to answer, when he was sBtidpated by the httle old man, formerly noti* ced, who now, thrusting himself forward, and Kiaog Mordaunf s hand, kissed him on the fore- beid; and then at the same time echoed and suirered his quesdon— '^ How passes time at Bwgh Westra ? Was it you that asked it, my prince of the cliff and of the scaur ? How should it pass, but with all the wings that beauty and joy can add to help its flight T ** And wit and song, too, my good old finend,^ *nd Mindaunt, half-serious, half-jesting, as he iIkxJc the old man cordially by the hand.— - ^ These cannot be wanting, where Claud Halcro oooesr* S84 THS FIKATE. *^ Jeer me not, Mordaunt, my good lad^^ xe- plied the old man ; ^^ When your foot ia as tknr as mine, your ivit frozen, and your song oat of tune ^ *^ How can you belie yourself, my good mas- ter ?^ answered Mordaunt, who was not unwilliiig to avail himself of his old firiend^s peculiarities to introduce something like conversation, break tfa« awkwardness of this ungular meeting, and gaio time for observation, ere requiring an explanadoa of the change of conduct which the family seem- ed to have adopted towards him. ^^ Say not so^** he continued. ^* Time, my old friend^ lays his hand lightly on the bard. Have I not heard you say, the poet partakes the immortality of the song? and surely the great English poet, you used to tell us of, was elder than yourself when he pulled the bow-oar among all the wits of London.^ This alluded to a story which was, as the French term it, Halcro's chevai de haUaiUe^ and any allusion to which was certain at once to place him in the saddle, and to push his hobbyJiorse into full careen THK FIBATE. t85 His kugfaiDg eye kindled with a aort ot en- dmaasiii, which the ordinary folks of this world mif^ hawe called crazed, while he dashed into the subject which he best loved to talk upon. ** Alas, alas ! my dear Mordaunt Mertoun-— sil- fcr is silver, and waxes not dim by use— and pewter is pewter, and grows the longer the dull* er. It is not for poor Claud Halcro to name Umself in the same twelvemonth with the im« mortal John Dryden. True it is, as I may have told yon before, that I have seen that great man. Day I have been in the Wits^ Coffee-house, as it was then called, and had once a pinch out of his own very snuff-box. I must have told you all how it happened^ but here is Captain Cleveland wiio never beard it— I lodged, you must know, B Bosad-atreet. I questi^m not but you know Hossd-atieet, Covent-Garden, Captain Cleve- Jandr ^ I should know its latitude pretty well, Mr Halcro,^ said the Captain, smiling ; ^^ but I be- lieve you mentioned the circumstance yesterday, and besides we have the day^s duty in hand— you Buat play us this song which we are to study .^ 5n6 THE PIBATB. << It will not lerve the turn now,^ said Halcro, << we must think of something that will take in our dear Mordaunt, the first voice in the island^ whether for a part or solo. I will never be he will touch a string to you, unless Mordaunt Mo*- toun is to help us out-— What say you, my fair- est Night ?— what think you, my sweet Dawn of Day ?^ he added, addressing the young wamcBy upon whom, as we have said elsewhere, he bad long before bestowed these all^orical names. ^* Mr Mordaunt Mertoun,^ said Minna, '' has come too late to be of our band on this occaoon —it is our misfortune, but it cannot be helped.* " How ? what ?*• sud Halcro, hastily—** too late-— and you have practised together all your lives— take my word, my bonny lasses, that old tunes are sweetest, and old friends surest. Mr Cleveland has a fine bass, that must be allowed; but I would have you trust for the first effect to one of the twenty fine airs you can sing where Mordaunt^s tenor joins so well with your own witchery — here is my lovely Day approves of the change in her heart.** You were never in your life more mistaken, s t( THS PIRATE. £87 fitfher Halcroy^ said Brenda, her cheeks again reddening, more with displeasure, it seemed, than with shame. ^ Nay, but how is this P^ sidd the old man, pannig, andlooking at them alternately. <^ What have we got here ?— a cloudy night and a red Boming ? — that betokens rough weather — What BKans all this, young women ? — ^whare lies the offenoe ?— In me, I fear ; for the blame is always laid upon the oldest when young folks like you go by the ears.^ ^ The blame is not with you, father Halcro,^ aud Minna, rinng, and taking her sister by the mn, ^* if indeed there be blame any where.^ ^ I should fear then, Minna,^ said Mordaunt, cndearouring to soften his tone into one of in- different pleasantry, ^^ that the new comer has brought the offence along with him.*" ^ When no offence is taken,^ replied Minna, with her usual gravity, ** it matters not by whom ndi may have been offered.^ ^ Is it posnble, Minna !^ exclaimed Mordaunt, ^'snd is it you who speak thus to me ?-— And you too, Brenda, can you too judge so hardly ci me. $88 THE PIRATE. • yet without permitting me one moment of honeil and frank explanaticm r^ ** Those who should know best^^ answcrad Brenda, in a low but decisve tone of yoice^ *' hsve told us their pleasure, and it must be done. Sit ter, I think we have staid too long here, and will be wanted elsewhere— Mr Mertoun will excoM us on so busy a day.^ The sisters linked their arms together. Hakni in vain endeavoured to st<^ them, making, at die same time, a theatrical gesture, and exclaiming, " "Sow, Day and Nighty but this is wondrous strangs T Then turned to Mordaunt Mertoun, and addedf — ^^ The girls are possessed with the spmi of mutability, shewing, as our master Spensor wdl saith, that ' Among all living creatures, more or lesse. Change stUl doth reign, and keep the greater sway.' Captain Cleveland,"^ he continued, << know you any thing that has happened to put these two jii^ venile graces out of tune ?" ^^ He will lose his reckoning,^ answered Cleve- land, << that spends time in inquiring why the s THE PI KATE. 289 wind diifts a point, or why a woman changes her mind. Were I Mr Mordaunt, I would not ask the proud wenches another question on such a nlgect^ ^ It is a friendly advice, Captain Cleveland,^ Rplied Mordaunt, << and I will not hold it the kss so that it has been given unasked. Allow me to inquire if you are yourself as indifferent to the opinion of your female friends as it seems you would have me to be ?^ ** Who, I Y^ said the Captain, with an air of frank indifference. ** I never thought twice upon mch a subject I never saw a woman worth think- ing twice about after the anchor was a-peak — OQ shore it is another thing ; and I will laugh, &ng, dance, and love, if they like it, with twenty pris, were they but half so pretty as those who knre left us, and make them heartily welcome to cbange th^ course in the sound of a boatswain'^s vlustle. It will be odds but I wear as fast as Aey can.'* A patient is seldom pleased with that sort of c^nuolatioii which is founded on holding light the ▼OL. I. T SgO THE PlftATK. malady of which he complains ; and Mordmimt felt disposed to be offended with Captain Cleve- land, both for taking notice of his embarrass- ment, and intruding upon him his own opimoo ; and he replied, therefore, somewhat sharpljy *^ that Captiun Cleveland's sentiments were only suited to such as had the art to become univenal favourites wherever chance happened to throw them, and who could not lose in one place xoote than their merit was sure to gain for them in another." This was spoken ironically ; but there was* to confess the truth, a superior knowledge of the world, and a consciousness of external merit at least about the man, which rendered his mter- ference doubly disagreeable. As Sir Lucius O^Trigger says, there was an air of success about Captidn Cleveland which was mighty provokingi Young, handsome, and well assured, his air of nautical bluntness sate naturally and easily upon him, and was perhaps particularly well fitted to the simple manners of the remote country in which he found himself; and where, even in the best families, a greater degree of refinement THS PIEATE. S01 pight baye rendered his convemtion rather le«i acceptable. He was contented, m the present inrtance, to smile good-humouredlj at the ob- vious discontent of Mordaunt Mertoun, and re- plied, ** You are angry with me, my good fHend, Imt you cannot make me angry with you. The fior hands of all the pretty women I ever saw II my Die would never have fished me up out of the roost of Sumburgh. So pray do not quar- id with me ; for here is Mr Halcro witness that I have struck both jack and topsail, and should yoa fire a broadside into me, cannot return a ai^afaot^ ^ Ay, ay,^ sud Halcro, *^ you must be friends with Captain Cleveland, Mordaunt. Never quar-* id with your friend, becaude a woman is whim- ■caL Why, man, if they kept one humour, how the devil could we make so many songs on them •I we do ? £ven old Dryden himself, ^orious eld John, could have said little about a girl that was always of one mind— -as well write verses iqpoQ a milLpond. It is your tides and your TQOfits, and your currents and eddies, that come and go, and ebb and flow, (by Heaven 1 I run »■« S9S THE FIKATC. into liiyme when I so much as think upon them,) that smile one day, rage the next, flatter and de- vour, delight and ruin us, and to f<»rth— 4t is- these that give the real soul of poetry. Did you never hear my Adieu to the Lass of Northmavoi. —that was poor Bet Sdmbister, whom I call Mary for the sound^s sake, as I call myself Haoon after my great ancestor Hacon Goldemund^ or Haco with the golden mouth, who came to the island with Harold Harfager, and was his chief Scald ?— Well, but where was I — O ay — poor Bet Stimbister, she, and partly some debt, was the cause of my leaving the isles of Hialtland, (bet- ter so called than Shetland, or Zetland even,) and taking to the broad world. I have had a tramp of it since that time — I have battled my way through the world. Captain, as a man of mold may, that has a light head, a light purse^ and a heart as light as them both— -fought my way, and paid my way— that is, either with mo- ney or wit— have seen kings changed and do- posed, as you would turn a tenant out of a scat- hold- knew all the wits of the age, and especial- ly the glorious John Dryden— what man in the THB PIKATX. 888 iabnds can say as much, barring lying — ^I had a pindi out of his own 8nii£P-box— I will tell you how I came by such promotion.^ ^ But the song, Mr Halcro,^ said Captain Cle?dand. ** The song T* answered Halcro, sozing the Captain by the button,— for he was too much aocustomed to have his audience escape from him during recitation, not to put in practice all the ttual means of preyention— ^ The song ? Why I gave a copy of it, with fifteen others, to the inniortal J<Jm. You shall hear it— you shall lieir them all, if you will but stand sUIl a mo- ttent; and you too, my dear boy, Mordaunt Mertoun, I have scarce heard a word from your mouth these six months, and now you are run- lii^ away Arom me.*" So saying, he secured him vith his other hand. ^ Nay, now he has got us both in tow,^ said the seaman ; ** there is nothing for it but hear- ing him out, though he spins as tough a yam as ever an old man-of-war^s-man twisted on the watdi at midnight^ ^ Nay, now be rilent, be silent, and let one of 894 THB PtEATR. US speak at oQce,^ said the poet, imperatiTdy ; while Cleveland and Mordaunt, looking at eadi other with a ludicrous expression of resignatioh to their fate, waited in submission for the well- known and inevitable tale. *^ I will tell you all aObout it,^ continued Halcra ^' I was knocked about the w<Mrld like other young fellows, doing this, that, and toother for a livelihood ; for, thank Gk)d, I could turn my hand to any thing-— but loving still the Muses as much as if the un- grateful jades had found me, Uke so many block- heads, in my own coach and six. However, I held out till my cousin, old Laurence Link^ • lutter, died, and left me the bit of an iibuid yonder ; although, by the way, Cultmalindie was as near to him as I was; but Lawrence loved wit, though he had little of his own. W^, he left me the wee bit island— it is as barren as Pamajssus itself. What then—- 1 have a penny to spend, a penny to keep my purse, a penny to give to the poor — ay, and a bed and a bottle for a friend, as you shall know, boys, if you will go back with me when this merriment is over.— But where was I in my story ?" THE PIRATE. 90Qf ** Near port, I hope,^ answered Cleveland ; but Halcro was too determined a narrator to be iMOTupted by the broadest hint << 0 ay,^ he resumed, with the self-satisfied air of one who has reooyered the thread of a ilniy, ** I was in my old lodgings in Russet- meet, with old Timothy Thimblethwaite, the Msrttr Fariiknier, then the best known maA aboQt town. He made for all the wits, and for tks dull boobies of fortune besides, and made the eae pay for the other. He never denied a wit cvedit save in jest, or for the sake of getting t npaflee ; and he was in correspondence with ail that was worth knpwing about town. '* Not a bit— not a bit — Tim Thimblethwaite (he was a Cumberland-man by birth,)"' replied 296 THK PIRATE. hb eulogist, ** had the soul <^ a princo ay» and died with the fortune of one ; for woe betide the eustard-gorged alderman that came under Timi*» goose, after he had got one of these letters-— egad, he was sure to pay the kain. Why, Thim- blethwaite was thought to be the original of little Tom Bibber, in glorious John^s comedy of the Wild Gallant ; and I know that he has tniated^ ay, and lent John money to boot out of his own pocket, at a time when all his fine court friend^ blew cold enough. He trusted me too, and I have been two months on the score at a time for my upper-room. To be sure, I was obliging in his way — not that I exactly could shape or sew, nor would that have been decorous for a gentler man of good descent ; but I— -eh, eh — I drew bills — summed up the books^ ^^ Carried home the clothes of the wits and aldermen, and got lodging for your labour,^ in- terrupted Cleveland. ** No, no— damn it, no,^ replied Halcro ; ** no such thing— you put me out in my story— where was I ?" THK nSATK. 9ffJ ^N«7, the devil help you to the hidtude,^ ind the Captain, extricating his button from the giipe of the unmerciful bard's finger and thumb, ^ for I have no time to make an observation.^ So vjring, he bolted from the roc»n. ^A ally ilL-bred conceited fool,^ said Hal- cm^ looking after him ; << with as little man- Mn as wit in his empty coxcomb. I wonder vkat Magnus and these silly wenches can see in hhfr- he tells such damnable long-winded stories, too, about his adventures and sea-fights— every inood word a Ue, I doubt not. Mordaunt, my dttr boy, take example by that man^-that is, tike warning by him — never tell long stories ibout yourself. You are sometimes given to talk ^ miidi about your own exploits on craigs and dtenies, and the like, which only breaks conver- *>t>0D, and prevents other folks from being heard. Now I see you are impatient to hear out what I vasaaymg — Stop, where about was I P'* ^ I fear we must put it ofi^, Mr Holcro, until vter dinner,^ said Mordaunt, who also meditated ™s escape, though desirous of efiecting it with ^"^ott delicacy towards his old acquaintance than S98 THK PIKATE. Caption Cleveknd had thought it necMpiry la use. << Nay, my dear boy^^ aaid Haloio^ aeni^ Um^ - self about to be utterly deserted ; ^< da not joo . ( leave me too— never take so bad an example t«s. to set light by old acquaintanee, Mordauiit. I ' have wandered many a weary step in my day ;lMil. they were always lightened when I cxmld g^ hold of the arm of an old friend like younelf^ So saying, he quitted die youdi^ coat, «iid^. sliding his hand gently under his arm, gsiappbd : him more efibctually, to which Alordaiuit sqIh. mitted, a little moved by the poet'^a obiBwatiata upon the unkindness of old acquaintances^ under which he himself was an immediate sufibrer. But when Halcro renewed his formidaUe questimi) ^< Whereabouts was I ?^^ Mordaunt, preferring his poetry to his prose, reminded him of tfaesoag which he said he had written upon his first leaU. ving Zetland,— a song to which, indeed, the m- : quirer was no stranger, but which, as it most be. new to the reader, we shall here insert as a Au vourable specim^i of the poetical powen of tfaia tuneful descendant of Haco the <]k>lde»4Boutiiidt - 6 THB PIRATK. 909 fir, in the qiinion of many tcderable judges^ he hdd a respectable rank among the inditen of nuu drigals of the period, and was as well qualified to give immortality to his Nancies of the hills or dales, as many a gentle tonnetteer of wit and plea- nre about town« He was something of a musi- dm also, and cm the present occasion srized upon a sort of lute, and, quitdng his victim, prepared die instrument for an accompaniment, speaking iD die while that he might lose no time.
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A SUGGESTION OF THE Sutler, Mo- This sale is attracting buyers here from all over the country. The prices we are making on good, seasonable goods are bound to bring them to us. Our best advertisement is the hundreds of walking, talking, satisfied customers all over this county who have been here. They are telling their friends and neighbors of the genuine, wonderful Bargains here, and they are coming, coming, coming! Come on while stock is as yet hardly touched. Ere soon we shall be out of a good many things you want. It is impossible for us to buy goods and sell them to you without advancing prices. Therefore, if we have here your wants, you can and will buy it for a great deal less money than any other place we know of. We expect to have two more weeks of big, fast, red-hot selling and if you don't get your share of these bargains it shall not be our fault. Come one come all to the SLAUGHTER SALE of Dry Goods Shoes Clothing Cloaks Ladies' Suits Follow the crowds and they will lead you to this Sale of the Adair-Stock, Butler, Missour. YOURS FOR BUSINESS, P.S. There is no use quoting you prices. You know our prices are away below any and all prices that may be quoted to you. Sleeping Death. Jas. It Miller, the popular towboat assessor of Osage, was reported by Monday's Review an suffering from an unusual illness, in which he had fallen to sleep, and it is impossible to arouse him for any length of time. He was visiting at a neighbor's. Bor's Sunday morning and complained of an exhausted condition and that his vision was obstructed. He asked to be allowed to sit down and immediately dropped off to sleep, from which it was impossible to arouse him. His wife was sent for and Drs. Alln and Dalenmier were summoned, but after working with him all day Monday they pronounced his case critical. The doctors pronounced his aliment uremic o mala aaconi condition ry which the position of the eyetm is not carried off by nature. Regulars to Camp Here. Brigadier General H. C. Clark, of the Missouri National Guards, announced that the line of march to be followed by the 1st battalion of the 13th Infantry from Leavenworth, Kansas, to Nevada camp site for the big encampment in July, is as follows: The regulars will leave Fort Leavenworth July 2 and march on an average of fifteen miles each day. The distance to be covered is 141 miles. The following is the itinerary: Fort Leavenworth, Kan., Creek, Kan., Maywood, Kan., Kansas City, Kan., Independence, Mo., Lebanon, Hiram, Wales, and camp. The troops will camp at each of the named places one night. Want a Pair of REGAL SHOE and does every other well-dressed man here. They're the most honest shoes that money can buy, exact reproductions of expensive metropotun custom model. They're made in quarter sizes, ranging from $7.50 to $10.00. Regal Shoes are the greatest shoe. Values in the world that's why we sell them. Let us show you the new Spring styles. $350 $400 $500 Hiram Nichols Shoe Co. A Trip to Arkansas. Charley Dixon has had his opinion of Arkansas, (pronounced Arkansas) greatly changed by his trip last week to attend the funeral of his sister, Mrs. Pierce. He went with a mental vision of mountains and canyons, hills, rocks and gulches, scrub oaks and hillside farms. He landed in Rogers in the night and the next morning drove twenty miles to Centerton through the finest fruit section in the world, the land almost as level as a floor, and orchards in every direction the eyes could look. The farmhouses were built, roomy and in good repair and all painted white, usually two big barns to be found on one farm. He said this land was quoted at $200 per acre and but little of it for sale at that price. Closer grows so high that big Poland China hogs have to stand on their hind feet to eat the blossoms. This country is on top of the Ozarks. It was where the famous Pearidge battle was fought and where thousands of brave men on both sides gave up their lives in one of the most stubbornly contested battles of four days duration during the war. Charley says a magnificent Confederate monument is erected at Bentonville in commemoration of that historic event. He came out of that country in the day time and saw enough hills and rocks to kindle even up. 2,000 Autos For Southwest Jerome E. Harrington, a Wabash, Ok., banker, arrived at Hotel Jefferson from Indianapolis, where he has just closed what is said to be the largest contract for automobiles ever made in the United States, receiving $2,000,000. ports the Republic. Mr. Harrington placed, with the Indianapolis firm, an order for 11,250,000 worth of machines, which means that nearly 2,000 cars are to be shipped immediately into Oklahoma City and Dallas for distribution. Mr. Harrington, who is a native of Watska, Ill., went to Oklahoma four years ago. He is president of three of the largest banks in Oklahoma and owns the controlling stock in two more. He became an enthusiastic enthusiast several years ago and finally drifted into the business. Death of Former Bates Co. Girl. Charley Dixon returned home Friday from Centerton, Arkansas, where he was called by the death of his sister, Mrs. Melinda Pierce, which occurred on Monday, June 7th. Melinda Dixon was married to Isaac Pierce, at the Dixon home south of town in 1880. They moved to Kansas, where they lived many years, until Mr. Pierce lost his health, when they moved to Centerton, Ark., where are some famous springs. There Mr. Pierce died fifteen months ago, and was buried in the Bentonville cemetery, where Mrs. Pierce's body was laid to rest by his side. Mrs. Pierce was in her sixtieth year. She was a consistent member of the Baptist church. She left quite a large estate, which Mr. Dixon placed in the hands of E. H. Fair, administrator, before starting for home. Uncle Lew Dixon left a large family of boys and girls and only Charley and Lon survive. Sheriff Killed A Wife Slayer. Claremore, Okla., June 13. Henry Mos. ley, assistant town marshal, shot and killed his wife last night, and a few minutes later was killed in a revolver fight with Sheriff Stevens of Rogers county. The Mosleys had quarreled. After supper, Mrs. Mosley and her daughter stepped out upon the porch. A moment later, Mosley appeared, fired two shots at his wife and fled. He was overtaken in the outskirts of the town by the sheriff and the revolver fight followed. Ice Cream Suppers. There will be an ice cream supper for the purpose of buying an organ for the Union Sunday School, held at Valley School House, in Deep Water township, on Saturday evening, June 26th 1909. Conference of Telephone Men. A conference of local telephone men was held in Butler last week with the object of improving the service for this section. The meeting was held in Mr. Reinheimer's office and was attended by Ed. A. Hook, of Appleton City, Mr. App, of Adrian, O. W. Schroeder, representing the Union Tel. Co., of Henry county, George Swackelmer, of the Urich Company. Interconnection between the systems represented was arranged for and the best methods for the good of the cause was discussed. Mr. Hook recently purchased one half interest in the Sprague to Appleton line, and a new line to Adrian is to be established. Bottom Crops Looking Fine. The corn crop on the bottomlands is reported to be in fine condition this season, and if the Marias des Cygnes river does not over run its banks as it usually does during the month of June, the farmers in the low lands will be heard from next fall at corn gathering time. The stand is good, all fields are clear of weeds and the outlook is flattering throughout. Parish Woodall says he has exceptionally fine prospects, as has most of his neighbors, and hopes. That the big ditch will be able to handle any flood that may come during the summer, Review. For the coming, don't throw your old Mason jars away, we have 100 gross new Ball-Mason jar caps and rubbers that will make them as good as the day you bought them. Don't run the risk of losing your fruit by using your old caps. Throw them away. We will furnish new caps THE BEST at only 15 CENTS DOZEN regular price 25c. This is cheaper than they can be bought today. 8c lb Binder Twine 86c lb. This is our first year handling this, and we have at last secured the celebrated "Star Brand" Pure Sisal and will make it 8½c lb. Send your order early so we will be able to keep our stock up, so we won't be out when you come phone or write us and we will lay out what you want and mark it. Come early. Don't put it off until you need to use it. YOURS. Fleet s'Seam Pimm 144 The Only Independent Grocery and Hardware; Stan. White Fret. West Side Square BUTLER, MO.
| 5,771 |
https://github.com/michaelgautier/RSS-Reader/blob/master/src/gautier_visual_model.hxx
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
RSS-Reader
|
michaelgautier
|
C++
|
Code
| 630 | 3,002 |
#ifndef __gautier_visual_application_visual_model__
#define __gautier_visual_application_visual_model__
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <initializer_list>
namespace gautier
{
namespace visual_application
{
namespace visual_model
{
using type_size = std::vector<char>::size_type;
using type_size_ar = int;
using window_size_type = std::tuple<int, int>;
using visual_rgb_type = std::tuple<unsigned char, unsigned char, unsigned char>;
using window_config_type = std::tuple<window_size_type, std::string, visual_rgb_type>;
enum class unit_type_arrange_strategem : type_size
{
none = 0,
canvased_vertical_stacks
};
enum class unit_type_screen_element_class : type_size
{
none = 0,
text_field = 14,
button,
html_view,
scroll_view,
browser_view,
auto_sizer,
horizontal_stack,
vertical_stack
};
struct unit_type_screen_element_class_text
{
std::string
button = std::to_string(static_cast<type_size>(unit_type_screen_element_class::button)),
html_view = std::to_string(static_cast<type_size>(unit_type_screen_element_class::html_view)),
scroll_view = std::to_string(static_cast<type_size>(unit_type_screen_element_class::scroll_view)),
text_field = std::to_string(static_cast<type_size>(unit_type_screen_element_class::text_field)),
auto_sizer = std::to_string(static_cast<type_size>(unit_type_screen_element_class::auto_sizer)),
vertical_stack = std::to_string(static_cast<type_size>(unit_type_screen_element_class::vertical_stack)),
horizontal_stack = std::to_string(static_cast<type_size>(unit_type_screen_element_class::horizontal_stack)),
browser_view = std::to_string(static_cast<type_size>(unit_type_screen_element_class::browser_view))
;
static
unit_type_screen_element_class
create_type(const std::string& text_value)
{
auto nvalue = std::stoi(text_value);
auto tvalue = static_cast<unit_type_screen_element_class>(nvalue);
return tvalue;
}
};
struct unit_type_area
{
unit_type_area(const type_size_ar& in_x, const type_size_ar& in_y, const type_size_ar& in_w, const type_size_ar& in_h, const type_size_ar& in_m)
{
x = in_x;
y = in_y;
w = in_w;
h = in_h;
magnitude = in_m;
return;
}
unit_type_area() = default;
unit_type_area(const unit_type_area& in) = default;
unit_type_area& operator=(const unit_type_area&) = default;
type_size_ar
x{0},
y{0},
w{0},
h{0},
magnitude{0}
;
};
struct unit_type_screen_element
{
unit_type_screen_element(const unit_type_screen_element& in)
{
receives_input = in.receives_input;
label_visible = in.label_visible;
scroll_x_on = in.scroll_x_on;
scroll_y_on = in.scroll_y_on;
handles_click = in.handles_click;
element_type = in.element_type;
x = in.x;
y = in.y;
w = in.w;
h = in.h;
input_limit = in.input_limit;
state_code = in.state_code;
scroll_x = in.scroll_x;
scroll_y = in.scroll_y;
line = in.line;
name = in.name;
label = in.label;
text_value = in.text_value;
follows = in.follows;
return;
}
bool
receives_input{false},
label_visible{true},
scroll_x_on{true},
scroll_y_on{true},
handles_click{true}
;
unit_type_screen_element_class
element_type{unit_type_screen_element_class::text_field}
;
type_size_ar
x{0},
y{0},
w{0},
h{0},
input_limit{16},//max characters that can be entered.
//additional application state
state_code{0},
scroll_x{0},
scroll_y{0},
line{0}
;
std::string
name{},
label{},
text_value{},
follows{}
;
unit_type_screen_element() = default;
unit_type_screen_element&
operator=(const unit_type_screen_element&) = default;
template<typename T>
T get_x()
{
return static_cast<T>(x);
}
template<typename T>
T get_y()
{
return static_cast<T>(y);
}
template<typename T>
T get_w()
{
return static_cast<T>(w);
}
template<typename T>
T get_h()
{
return static_cast<T>(h);
}
template<typename T>
T get_input_limit()
{
return static_cast<T>(input_limit);
}
unit_type_area
get_area()
{
const type_size_ar
magnitude = 0
;
unit_type_area
ar(x, y, w, h, magnitude)
;
return ar;
}
void set_area(const unit_type_area& ar)
{
x = ar.x;
y = ar.y;
w = ar.w;
h = ar.h;
return;
}
};
using list_type_screen_element = std::vector<unit_type_screen_element>;
struct unit_type_screen
{
list_type_screen_element
screen_elements = {}
;
bool
changed = false
;
std::string name{},
label{}
;
};
using list_type_screen = std::vector<unit_type_screen>;
using list_type_ptr_screen = std::shared_ptr<list_type_screen>;
struct activity
{
bool
window_opening = false,
window_closing = false,
window_esc_key_pressed = false,
visual_clicked = false
;
std::string
screen_name{},
screen_element_name{},
forwarded_event_tag{},
data{}
;
};
using callback_activity_processor = std::function<void(const activity&, activity&)>;
struct unit_type_screen_element_in_screen_name_pair
{
std::string
screen_name{},
screen_element_name{}
;
unit_type_screen_element_in_screen_name_pair(const std::string& screen_name_value, const std::string& screen_element_name_value)
{
screen_name = screen_name_value;
screen_element_name = screen_element_name_value;
}
};
visual_rgb_type create_rgb_color(std::initializer_list<int>& color_components);
void copy_screen_elements(const unit_type_screen& src_screen, list_type_ptr_screen dest_screens);
void insert_screen_elements(const unit_type_screen_element_in_screen_name_pair& parent_child_names, list_type_ptr_screen screens, list_type_screen_element new_elements);
bool is_screen_changed (const unit_type_screen value);
long count_changed_screens (list_type_ptr_screen screens);
unit_type_screen*
find_changed_screens (list_type_ptr_screen screens);
unit_type_screen*
find_screen_by_name (list_type_ptr_screen screens, const std::string& name);
unit_type_screen_element*
find_screen_element_by_name(list_type_ptr_screen screens, const std::string& screen_name, const std::string& screen_element_name);
unit_type_screen_element*
find_screen_element_by_name(list_type_screen_element& screen_elements, const std::string& screen_element_name);
void axis_modify_x_center_align(const unit_type_area& src, unit_type_area& rel);
void axis_modify_x_right_align(const unit_type_area& src, unit_type_area& rel);
void axis_modify_y_center_align(const unit_type_area& src, unit_type_area& rel);
void axis_modify_y_space_align(const unit_type_area& src, unit_type_area& rel);
void axis_modify_y_top_align(const unit_type_area& src, unit_type_area& rel);
void axis_modify_y_bottom_align(const unit_type_area& src, unit_type_area& rel);
void arrange_elements(const unit_type_arrange_strategem arrange_type, unit_type_screen* screen, const type_size_ar screen_width, const type_size_ar screen_height);
//Diagnostic purposes.
void print_defined_screens(list_type_ptr_screen dest_screens);
}
}
}
#endif
//Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 . Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, NO WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, explicit or implicit. See the License for details on permissions and limitations.
| 18,708 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51475892
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Template:Cambridge Socialists/meta/shortname
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 18 | 77 |
الگو:Cambridge Socialists/meta/shortname
الگو:Cambridge Socialists/meta/shortname نمونهای از الگوی ویکیمدیا
Template:Cambridge Socialists/meta/shortname
Wikimedia template
Template:Cambridge Socialists/meta/shortname instance of Wikimedia template
| 6,439 |
https://github.com/davidlarrimore/ComponentPackageManagerServer/blob/master/force-app/main/default/classes/CpmQUpdateFromGithubRepo.cls
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
CC0-1.0
| 2,020 |
ComponentPackageManagerServer
|
davidlarrimore
|
Apex
|
Code
| 239 | 1,360 |
public class CpmQUpdateFromGithubRepo implements Queueable, Database.AllowsCallouts {
/*************STANDARD HELPER VARIABLES / FUNCTIONS*************/
Map<String,String> jobInfo = new Map<String,String>{
CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_JOB_NAME => 'Update Component Info from Github Repo',
CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_APEX_CLASS_NAME => CpmQUpdateFromGithubRepo.class.getName()
};
public Map<String,String> GetJobInfo() {
return this.jobInfo;
}
public String GetJobInfo(String key) {
return this.jobInfo.get(key);
}
public void SetJobInfo(String key, String value) {
this.jobInfo.put(key, value);
}
public void SetJobStage(String value) {
this.jobInfo.put(CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_CURRENT_JOB_STAGE, value);
}
/*************QUEUEABLE SPECIFIC VARIABLES / FUNCTIONS*************/
Id demoComponentId = null;
/*************CONSTRUCTORS*************/
public CpmQUpdateFromGithubRepo(String parentJobId, Id demoComponentId) {
this.SetJobInfo(CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_JOB_ID, CpmAsyncEventHelper.generateId());
this.SetJobStage(CpmAsyncEventHelper.STAGE_QUEUED);
this.SetJobInfo(CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_JOB_PARENT_ID, parentJobId);
CpmAsyncEventHelper.publishPlatformEvent(this.GetJobInfo());
this.demoComponentId = demoComponentId;
}
public CpmQUpdateFromGithubRepo(Id demoComponentId) {
this.SetJobInfo(CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_JOB_ID, CpmAsyncEventHelper.generateId());
this.SetJobStage(CpmAsyncEventHelper.STAGE_QUEUED);
CpmAsyncEventHelper.publishPlatformEvent(this.GetJobInfo());
this.demoComponentId = demoComponentId;
}
/*************EXECUTE METHOD*************/
public void execute(QueueableContext context) {
/*************STANDARD EXECUTE STARTER*************/
this.SetJobStage(CpmAsyncEventHelper.STAGE_PROCESSING);
CpmAsyncEventHelper.publishPlatformEvent(this.GetJobInfo());
doLater(this.jobInfo, demoComponentId);
}
@future(callout=true)
@TestVisible
private static void doLater(Map<String, String> jobInfo, String demoComponentId) {
System.debug('Running CpmQUpdateFromGithubRepo.execute');
GithubRepository githubRepository = new GithubRepository();
GithubUser githubUser = new GithubUser();
List<Cpm_Component_Package__c> demoComponentLookup = [SELECT Id, Github_Repository_URL__c, Title__c, POC_Name__c, POC_Email__c, Description__c, Installed__c, Latest_Subscriber_Package_Version_Id__c, Installed_Version_Tracking_Method__c, SFDX_Package_Enabled_Flag__c FROM Cpm_Component_Package__c WHERE Id = :demoComponentId LIMIT 1];
if(demoComponentLookup.size() > 0){
Cpm_Component_Package__c demoComponent = demoComponentLookup[0];
try {
githubRepository = CpmGithubAPIHelper.getGithubRepo(demoComponent.Github_Repository_URL__c);
if(githubRepository != null){
if(String.isBlank(demoComponent.Description__c)){
demoComponent.Description__c = githubRepository.description;
}
githubUser = CpmGithubAPIHelper.getGithubUser(githubRepository.githubRepoOwner.url);
if(githubUser != null){
if(String.isBlank(demoComponent.POC_Name__c)){
demoComponent.POC_Name__c = githubUser.name;
}
if(String.isBlank(demoComponent.POC_Email__c)){
demoComponent.POC_Email__c = githubUser.email;
}
}
}
update demoComponent;
jobInfo.put(CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_CURRENT_JOB_STAGE, CpmAsyncEventHelper.STAGE_COMPLETED);
CpmAsyncEventHelper.publishPlatformEvent(jobInfo);
}catch (Exception e) {
System.debug(jobInfo.get(CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_JOB_NAME) + ' Error: ' + e.getMessage());
jobInfo.put(CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_CURRENT_JOB_STAGE, CpmAsyncEventHelper.STAGE_FAILED);
CpmAsyncEventHelper.publishPlatformEvent(jobInfo,new Map<String,String>{
CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_EVENT_STATUS_TITLE => 'Job Fail Notification',
CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_EVENT_STATUS_MESSAGE => jobInfo.get(CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_JOB_NAME) + ' Error: ' + e.getMessage(),
CpmAsyncEventHelper.FIELD_EVENT_LEVEL => CpmAsyncEventHelper.EVENT_LEVEL_ERROR});
}
}
}
}
| 349 |
https://github.com/sufyankhanrao/assignment_7_3_1/blob/master/calculatorapi/http/http_method_enum.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
assignment_7_3_1
|
sufyankhanrao
|
Python
|
Code
| 108 | 279 |
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
calculatorapi
This file was automatically generated by APIMATIC v2.0 ( https://apimatic.io ).
"""
class HttpMethodEnum(object):
"""Enumeration of an HTTP Method
Attributes:
GET: A GET Request
POST: A POST Request
PUT: A PUT Request
PATCH: A PATCH Request
DELETE: A DELETE Request
"""
GET = "GET"
POST = "POST"
PUT = "PUT"
PATCH = "PATCH"
DELETE = "DELETE"
HEAD = "HEAD"
@classmethod
def to_string(cls, val):
"""Returns the string equivalent for the Enum.
"""
for k, v in list(vars(cls).items()):
if v == val:
return k
@classmethod
def from_string(cls, str):
"""Creates an instance of the Enum from a given string.
"""
return getattr(cls, str.upper(), None)
| 37,490 |
US-201514932508-A_2
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,015 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,274 | 14,821 |
As used herein, the term “spp.” is the abbreviation for species.
As used herein, the term “formulae of the invention” includes one or more of the formulae:
- IA, I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, Va, VIa, VIIa, VIIIa, IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa, XIIIa, XIVa, XVa, XVIa, XVIIa, XVIIIa, XXa, XXa1, XXb, XXb1, - A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7, - A1a, A2a, A3a, A4a, ASa, Aha, Ala, A8a, A9a, B1a, B2a, B3a, B4a, BSa, B6a, B7a, B8a, B9a, C1a, C2a, C3a, C4a, CSa, Cha, C7a, C8a, C9a, - D1a, D2a, D3a, D4a, D5a, D6a, D7a, D8a, D9a, E1a, E2a, E3a, E4a, E5a, E6a, E1a, E8a, F1, F2, G1, G2, G3, G4, - H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, - I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, I6, I7, I8, I9, I10, I11, and I12.
As used herein, the term “compound of the invention” includes one or more compounds of the formulae of the invention or a compound explicitly disclosed herein.
All percentages and ratios used herein, unless otherwise indicated, are by weight.
Throughout the description, where compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that compositions of the present invention also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that the processes of the present invention also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps. Further, it should be understood that the order of steps or order for performing certain actions are immaterial so long as the invention remains operable. Moreover, two or more steps or actions can be conducted simultaneously.
2. In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein X₁, X₂, X₄, X₅, Y₆, Y₇, Y₈, Y₁₀, R³ and R⁹ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R⁸ , R⁹, and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n) ,R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), and R⁹ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q) and R⁹r are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer wherein R¹, R², R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, according to any formulae of the invention, wherein at least one substituent selected from R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), R^(9s), and R^(9t) is not hydrogen.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, according to any formulae of the invention, wherein at least two substituents selected from R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), R^(9s), and R^(9t) are not hydrogen.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, according to any formulae of the invention, wherein R¹, R², R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently selected from hydrogen and F. In some embodiments, R¹, R², R⁴, and R⁵ are each hydrogen.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, according to any formulae of the invention, wherein R^(3a) and R^(3b) are each independently selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) —CH₃, (e) —CF₃, (f) —CF₂H, (g) —CFH₂, (h) —OCF₃, (i) —OCF₂H, (j) —OCFH₂, (k) —OCH₃, and (l) —OH. In some embodiments, R^(3a) and R^(3b) are each hydrogen. In some embodiments, R^(3a) and R^(3b) are each hydrogen. In some embodiments, the stereochemistry of R^(3a) and R^(3b) is
and R^(3a) is methyl and R^(3b) is hydrogen. In some embodiments, the stereochemistry of R^(3a) and R^(3b) is
and R^(3a) is methyl and R^(3b) is hydrogen. In some embodiments, the stereochemistry of R^(3a) and R^(3b) is
and R^(3a) is hydrogen and R^(3b) is methyl. In some embodiments, the stereochemistry of R^(3a) and R^(3b) is
and R^(3a) is hydrogen and R^(3b) is methyl.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R^(9k), R^(9l), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R^(9k), R^(9l), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R^(9k), R^(9l), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁸, R^(9k), R^(9l), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9m), R^(9n), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R^(7,) R^(9m) , R^(9n), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁸, R^(9m), R^(9n), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R⁸, R^(9m), R^(9n), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R^(9m), R^(9n), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R^(9m), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁸, R^(9m), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁸, R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R⁸, R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁸, R^(9o), R^(9p), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁸, R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R⁸, R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁸, R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁸, and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R⁸, and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶ and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷ and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁸ and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k) and R^(9l) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R^(9k) and R^(9l) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁸, R^(9k) and R^(9l) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R⁸, R^(9k) and R^(9l) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R^(9k) and R^(9l) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R^(9k) and R^(9l) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁸, R^(9k) and R^(9l) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9k), R^(9l) and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9k) and R^(9l) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9m) and R^(9n) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R^(9m) and R^(9n) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁸, R^(9m) and R^(9n) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R⁸, R^(9m) and R^(9n) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R^(9m) and R^(9n) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R^(9m) and R^(9n) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁸, R^(9m) and R^(9n) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9m), R^(9n) and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9m) and R^(9n) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9o) and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R^(9o) and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁸, R^(9o) and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R⁸, R^(9o) and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R^(9o) and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R^(9o) and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁸, R^(9o) and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9o), R^(9p) and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9o) and R^(9p) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁸, R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R⁸, R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷, R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁸, R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9q), R^(9r), and R¹⁰ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9q) and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶ and R⁷ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶ and R⁸ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷ and R⁸ are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶ is as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁷ is as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁸ is as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹⁰ is as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R¹⁰ is selected from hydrogen, F and Cl.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are each independently selected from (a) F, (b) Cl, (c) —CF₃, (d) —CF₂H, (e) —CFH₂, (f) —OCF₃, (g) —OCF₂H, (h) —OCFH₂, (i) —OCH₃, (j) —CN, (k) —OR¹¹, (l) —S(O)_(p)R¹¹, (m) —SCF₃, (n) —C₁-C₈ alkyl, (o) -3-14 membered saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (p) -3-14 membered saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (q) —CHCHCN and (r) —CHCH—C(O)NH-t-butyl.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are each independently selected from (a) F, (b) Cl, (c) —CF₃, (d) —CF₂H, (e) —CFH₂, (f) —OCF₃, (g) —OCF₂H, (h) —OCFH₂, (i) —OCH₃, (j) —CN, (k) —OR¹¹, (l) —S(O)_(p)R¹¹, (m) —SCF₃, (n) —C₁-C₈ alkyl, (o) -3-14 membered saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (p) -3-14 membered saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are each independently selected from are each independently selected from (a) F; (b) Cl; (c) —CF₃; (d) —CF₂H; (e) —CFH₂; (f) —OCF₃; (g) —OCF₂H; (h) —OCFH₂; (i) —OCH₃; (j) —O(C₁-C₄ alkyl); (k) —S(O)CH₃; (l) —S(O)CF₃; (m) —S(O)₂CH₃; (n) —S(O)₂CF₃; (o) —SCF₃;
(p) —C₁-C₄ alkyl selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl;
(q) -3-7 membered saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle selected from oxetanyl, azepanyl, pyridyl, dihydropyridyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and piperidenyl; and
(r) -3-7 membered saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cyclohexadienyl.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are each independently selected from are each independently selected from (a) F, (b) Cl, (c) —CF₃, (d) —OCF₃, (e) —OCH₃, (f) methyl, (g) ethyl, (h) isopropyl, (i) t-butyl, (j) azepanyl, (k) cyclopropyl, (l) cyclobutyl, (m) cyclohexyl, (n) phenyl, (o) pyridyl, (p) azetidinyl, (q) pyrrolidinyl, (r) piperidinyl, and (s) piperidenyl.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), R^(9s), and R^(9t) are each independently selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) halogen, (c) —CF₃, (d) —CF₂H, (e) —CFH₂, (f) —OCF₃, (g) —OCH₃, (h) —OCF₂H, (i) —OCFH₂, (j) —OR¹¹, (k) —C₁-C₈ alkyl, (l) haloalkyl, (m) -3-14 membered saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (n) -3-14 membered saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle;
alternatively, one or more of pairs of substituents selected from R^(9k) and R^(9l), R^(9m) and R^(9n), R^(9o) and R^(9p), R^(9q) and R^(9r), and R^(9s) and R^(9t) are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form (a) 3-7 membered saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic or (b) 3-7 membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and
at least one substituent selected from R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), R^(9s), and R^(9t) is not hydrogen.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n)R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), R^(9s), and R^(9t) are each independently selected from (a) hydrogen; (b) halogen; (c) —CF₃; (d) —CF₂H; (e) —CFH₂; (f) —OCF₃; (g) —OCH₃; (h) —OCF₂H; (i) —OCFH₂; (j) —OH; (k) —O(C₁-C₄ alkyl);
(l) -C₁-C₄ alkyl selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl;
(m) -3-7 membered saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle selected from oxetanyl, azepanyl, pyridyl, dihydropyridyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and piperidenyl; and
(n) -3-7 membered saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cyclohexadienyl;
alternatively, one or more of pairs of substituents are selected from R^(9k) and R^(9l), R^(9m) and R^(9n), R^(9o) and R^(9p), R^(9q) and R^(9r), and R^(9s) and R^(9t) are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or oxetanyl; and
at least one substituent selected from R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), R^(9s), and R^(9t) is not hydrogen;
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), R^(9s), and R^(9t) are each independently selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) halogen, (d) —CF₃, (e) —CF₂H, (f) —CFH₂, (g) —OCF₃, (h) —OCH₃, (i) —OCF₂H, (j) —OCFH₂, (k) —OH, (l) —OCH₃, (l) methyl, (m) ethyl, (n) isopropyl, and (o) t-butyl; and
at least one substituent selected from R^(9k), R^(9l), R^(9m), R^(9n), R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), R^(9r), R^(9s), and R^(9t) is not hydrogen.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein
is selected from:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer.
In some embodiments,
is selected from
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R³ is selected from:
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, Z, R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound of formula F1 or F2, or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein
Z is selected from —O—, —S(O)_(p)—, —NR¹¹—, —(C═O)—, —NR¹¹(C═O)—, —(C═O)NR¹¹—, —S(O)_(p)NR¹¹—, —NR¹¹S(O)_(p)—, and —NR¹¹S(O)_(p)NR¹¹—;
R^(3a) is selected from halogen and —C₁-C₆ alkyl;
R^(3b) is selected from hydrogen, halogen, —OCF₃, —OCF₂H, —OCFH₂, —OCH₃, —OR¹¹—, —C_(l)-C₆ alkyl, and haloalkyl;
- R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are each independently selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) —CF₃, (g) —CF₂H, (h) —CFH₂, (i) —OCF₃, (j) —OCF₂H, (k) —OCFH₂, (l) —OCH₃, (m) —CN, (n) —N₃, (o) —NO₂, (p) —NR¹¹R¹¹, (q) —NR¹¹(CO)R¹¹, (r) —(CO)NR¹¹R¹¹, (s) —OR¹¹, (t) —COH, (u) —CO(C₁-C₈ alkyl), (v) —COR¹¹, (w) —NR¹¹(CNR¹¹)NR¹¹R¹¹, (x) —S(O)_(p)R¹¹, (y) —NR¹¹S(O)_(p)R¹¹, (z) —SR¹¹, (aa) —SCF₃, (bb) —C(CF₃)H—NH—CHR¹¹R¹¹, (cc) —COOR¹¹, (dd) —(OCH₂CH₂)_(t)R¹¹, (ee) —(OCH₂CH₂)_(t)OR¹¹, (ff) —C₁-C₈ alkyl, (gg) —C₂-C₈ alkenyl, and (hh) —C₂-C₈ alkynyl;
R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are each independently selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) halogen, (c) —OCF₃, (d) —OCH₃, (e) —OCF₂H, (f) —OCFH₂, (g) —OR¹¹, (h) —C₁-C₈ alkyl, and (i) haloalkyl;
R¹¹ is selected from hydrogen, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₂-C₆ alkenyl, —C₂-C₆ alkynyl, and haloalkyl;
p is 0, 1, or 2; and
t is 0, 1, or 2.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound of formula F1, or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein Z is O;
- R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are each independently selected from C₁-C₆ alkyl and hydrogen; - R⁶ and R⁸ are each independently selected from hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —CH₂F, —CHF₂, and —CF₃; - R⁷ is selected from hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —CH₂F, —CHF₂, —CF₃, —OC₁-C₆ alkyl, —S(O)_(p)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, —OCH₂F, —OCHF₂, —OCF₃, —S(O)_(p)—CH₃, —S(O)_(p)—CH₂F, and —S(O)_(p)—CF₃; and - R^(3a) is selected from halogen and —C₁-C₆ alkyl; - R^(3b) is selected from hydrogen, halogen, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, and haloalkyl; and - p is 0, 1, or 2.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound of formula F2, or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are each independently selected from —C₁-C₆ alkyl and hydrogen;
- R⁶ and R⁸ are each independently selected from hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —CH₂F, —CHF₂, and —CF₃; - R⁷ is selected from hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —CH₂F, —CHF₂, —CF₃, —OC₁-C₆ alkyl, —S(O)_(p)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, —OCH₂F, —OCHF₂, —OCF₃, —S(O)_(p)—CH₃, —S(O)_(p)—CH₂F, and —S(O)_(p)—CF₃; and - R^(3a) is selected from halogen and —C₁-C₆ alkyl; - R^(3b) is selected from hydrogen, halogen, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, and haloalkyl; and - p is 0, 1, or 2.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(3a), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(3a), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(3a), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(3a), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are as defined herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound of formulae G1, G2, G3, or G4, or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug of said compound or tautomer, wherein R^(9o), R^(9p), R^(9q), and R^(9r) are each independently selected from C₁-C₆ alkyl and hydrogen;
- R⁶ and R⁸ are each independently selected from hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —CH₂F, —CHF₂, and —CF₃; - R⁷ is selected from hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —CH₂F, —CHF₂, —CF₃, —OC₁-C₆ alkyl, —S(O)_(p)—C₁-C₆ alkyl, —OCH₂F, —OCHF₂, —OCF₃, —S(O)_(p)—CH₃, —S(O)_(p)—CH₂F, and —S(O)_(p)—CF₃; and - R^(3a) is selected from halogen and -C₁-C₆ alkyl; and - p is 0, 1, or 2.
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https://github.com/nickelled/kestrel/blob/master/kestrel-example/src/test/kotlin/com/dreweaster/ddd/kestrel/application/EventsourcedDomainModelTests.kt
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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Apache-2.0
| 2,020 |
kestrel
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nickelled
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Kotlin
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Code
| 1,212 | 4,206 |
package com.dreweaster.ddd.kestrel.application
import com.dreweaster.ddd.kestrel.application.reporting.micrometer.MicrometerDomainModelReporter
import com.dreweaster.ddd.kestrel.domain.Aggregate
import com.dreweaster.ddd.kestrel.domain.AggregateState
import com.dreweaster.ddd.kestrel.domain.DomainEvent
import com.dreweaster.ddd.kestrel.domain.aggregates.user.*
import com.dreweaster.ddd.kestrel.infrastructure.InMemoryBackend
import io.kotlintest.matchers.instanceOf
import io.kotlintest.matchers.shouldBe
import io.kotlintest.specs.WordSpec
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.simple.SimpleMeterRegistry
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
// TODO: Test Eden command and event handling
// TODO: Determine if current approach to not supporting eden commands and events outside of edenBehaviour is actually correct feature
class EventsourcedDomainModelTests : WordSpec() {
val backend = MockBackend()
val eventSourcingConfiguration = SwitchableEventSourcingConfiguration()
val domainModel = EventSourcedDomainModel(backend, eventSourcingConfiguration)
override val oneInstancePerTest = true
val meterRegistry = SimpleMeterRegistry()
init {
backend.clear()
backend.toggleLoadSnapshotErrorStateOff()
backend.toggleLoadEventsErrorStateOff()
backend.toggleSaveErrorStateOff()
backend.toggleOffOptimisticConcurrencyExceptionOnSave()
eventSourcingConfiguration.toggleDeduplicationOn()
eventSourcingConfiguration.resetSnapshotThreshold()
domainModel.addReporter(ConsoleReporter)
domainModel.addReporter(MicrometerDomainModelReporter(meterRegistry))
"An AggregateRoot" should {
"be createable for the first time" {
// Given
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
// Then
(result as SuccessResult).generatedEvents.size shouldBe 1
result.generatedEvents[0] shouldBe UserRegistered(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")
result.deduplicated shouldBe false
}
"be able to refer to existing state when processing a command" {
// Given
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(ChangePassword(password = "changedPassword")).block()
// Then
(result as SuccessResult).generatedEvents.size shouldBe 1
result.generatedEvents[0] shouldBe PasswordChanged(oldPassword = "password", password = "changedPassword")
result.deduplicated shouldBe false
}
"support emitting multiple events for a single input command" {
// Given
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
// Then
(result as SuccessResult).generatedEvents.size shouldBe 2
result.generatedEvents[0] shouldBe FailedLoginAttemptsIncremented
result.generatedEvents[1] shouldBe UserLocked
result.deduplicated shouldBe false
}
"deduplicate a command with a previously handled command id and of the same command type" {
// Given
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
val firstResult = user.handleCommandEnvelope(CommandEnvelope(Login(password = "wrongpassword"), CommandId("command-id-5"))).block()
val eventsGeneratedWhenCommandFirstHandled = (firstResult as SuccessResult).generatedEvents
// When
val result = user.handleCommandEnvelope(CommandEnvelope(Login(password = "wrongpassword"), CommandId("command-id-5"))).block()
// Then
(result as SuccessResult).generatedEvents shouldBe eventsGeneratedWhenCommandFirstHandled
result.deduplicated shouldBe true
}
"propagate error when a command is explicitly rejected in its current behaviour" {
// Given
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(ChangePassword("changedPassword")).block()
// Then
(result as RejectionResult).error shouldBe instanceOf(UserIsLocked::class)
}
"generate an error when a command is not explicitly handled in its eden behaviour" {
// Given
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(UnlockUser).block()
// Then
(result as RejectionResult).error shouldBe instanceOf(UnsupportedCommandInEdenBehaviour::class)
}
"generate an error when a command is not explicitly handled in its current behaviour" {
// Given
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(UnlockUser).block()
// Then
(result as UnexpectedExceptionResult).ex shouldBe instanceOf(UnsupportedCommandInCurrentBehaviour::class)
}
// TODO: needs a more descriptive exception type
"generate an error when handling a command for which there is no corresponding event supported in its current behaviour" {
// Given
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(UnlockUser).block()
// Then
(result as UnexpectedExceptionResult).ex shouldBe instanceOf(UnsupportedEventInCurrentBehaviour::class)
}
"propagate error if backend fails to load events when handling a command" {
// Given
backend.toggleLoadEventsErrorStateOn()
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
// Then
(result as UnexpectedExceptionResult).ex shouldBe instanceOf(IllegalStateException::class)
}
"return a ConcurrentModification result when saving to event store generates an OptimisticConcurrencyException" {
// Given
backend.toggleOnOptimisticConcurrencyExceptionOnSave()
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
// Then
result shouldBe instanceOf(ConcurrentModificationResult::class)
}
"propagate error when event store fails to save generated events" {
// Given
backend.toggleSaveErrorStateOn()
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
// Then
(result as UnexpectedExceptionResult).ex shouldBe instanceOf(IllegalStateException::class)
}
"allow a duplicate command if the deduplication strategy says it's ok to allow it" {
// Given
eventSourcingConfiguration.toggleDeduplicationOff()
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
// When
user.handleCommandEnvelope(CommandEnvelope(ChangePassword("changedPassword"), CommandId("some-command-id"))).block()
val result = user.handleCommandEnvelope(CommandEnvelope(ChangePassword("anotherChangedPassword"), CommandId("some-command-id"))).block()
// Then
(result as SuccessResult).generatedEvents.size shouldBe 1
result.generatedEvents[0] shouldBe PasswordChanged(oldPassword = "changedPassword", password = "anotherChangedPassword")
result.deduplicated shouldBe false
}
// TODO: It's likely too restrictive to prevent eden commands from being used in other behaviours
"reject an attempt to send a eden command twice" {
// Given
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
// Then
(result as UnexpectedExceptionResult).ex shouldBe instanceOf(AggregateInstanceAlreadyExists::class)
}
"create a snapshot and successful restore from that snapshot" {
// Given
eventSourcingConfiguration.setSnapshotThreshold(4)
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
user.handleCommand(ChangePassword(password = "changedPassword1")).block()
user.handleCommand(ChangeUsername(username = "changedUsername1")).block()
user.handleCommand(Login(password = "wrongpassword")).block()
user.handleCommand(ChangePassword(password = "changedPassword2")).block()
// When
// Clearing events covered by the snapshot
backend.clearEvents { it.second < 4 }
// And processing further events
user.handleCommand(ChangePassword(password = "changedPassword3")).block()
user.handleCommand(ChangePassword(password = "changedPassword4")).block()
// And fetching the current state of the user
val userState = user.currentState().block()
// Then
// The snapshot should have been persisted at version 3
backend.loadSnapshot(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id")).block()!!.version shouldBe 3L
// And the user state should be as expected
(userState as ActiveUser).username shouldBe "changedUsername1"
userState.password shouldBe "changedPassword4"
userState.failedLoginAttempts shouldBe 1
}
"propagate error if backend fails to load snapshot when handling a command" {
// Given
backend.toggleLoadSnapshotErrorStateOn()
val user = domainModel.aggregateRootOf(User, AggregateId("some-aggregate-id"))
// When
val result = user.handleCommand(RegisterUser(username = "joebloggs", password = "password")).block()
// Then
(result as UnexpectedExceptionResult).ex shouldBe instanceOf(IllegalStateException::class)
}
}
}
}
class SwitchableEventSourcingConfiguration : EventSourcingConfiguration {
private var deduplicationEnabled = true
private var snapshotThreshold: Int = Int.MAX_VALUE
fun toggleDeduplicationOn() {
deduplicationEnabled = true
}
fun toggleDeduplicationOff() {
deduplicationEnabled = false
}
fun setSnapshotThreshold(snapshotThreshold: Int) {
this.snapshotThreshold = snapshotThreshold
}
fun resetSnapshotThreshold() {
snapshotThreshold = Int.MAX_VALUE
}
override fun <E : DomainEvent, S : AggregateState, A : Aggregate<*, E, S>> commandDeduplicationThresholdFor(aggregateType: Aggregate<*, E, S>): Int {
return when(deduplicationEnabled) {
true -> Int.MAX_VALUE
false -> 0
}
}
override fun <E : DomainEvent, S : AggregateState, A : Aggregate<*, E, S>> snapshotThresholdFor(aggregateType: Aggregate<*, E, S>): Int {
return snapshotThreshold
}
}
class MockBackend : InMemoryBackend() {
private var loadEventsErrorState = false
private var loadSnapshotErrorState = false
private var saveErrorState = false
var optimisticConcurrencyExceptionOnSave = false
fun toggleOnOptimisticConcurrencyExceptionOnSave() {
optimisticConcurrencyExceptionOnSave = true
}
fun toggleOffOptimisticConcurrencyExceptionOnSave() {
optimisticConcurrencyExceptionOnSave = false
}
fun toggleLoadEventsErrorStateOn() {
loadEventsErrorState = true
}
fun toggleLoadEventsErrorStateOff() {
loadEventsErrorState = false
}
fun toggleLoadSnapshotErrorStateOn() {
loadSnapshotErrorState = true
}
fun toggleLoadSnapshotErrorStateOff() {
loadSnapshotErrorState = false
}
fun toggleSaveErrorStateOn() {
saveErrorState = true
}
fun toggleSaveErrorStateOff() {
saveErrorState = false
}
override fun <E : DomainEvent, A : Aggregate<*, E, *>> loadEvents(aggregateType: A, aggregateId: AggregateId): Flux<PersistedEvent<E>> {
if (loadEventsErrorState) {
return Flux.error(IllegalStateException())
}
return super.loadEvents(aggregateType, aggregateId)
}
override fun <E : DomainEvent, A : Aggregate<*, E, *>> loadEvents(aggregateType: A, aggregateId: AggregateId, afterSequenceNumber: Long): Flux<PersistedEvent<E>> {
if (loadEventsErrorState) {
return Flux.error(IllegalStateException())
}
return super.loadEvents(aggregateType, aggregateId, afterSequenceNumber)
}
override fun <S : AggregateState, A : Aggregate<*, *, S>> loadSnapshot(aggregateType: A, aggregateId: AggregateId): Mono<Snapshot<S>> {
if (loadSnapshotErrorState) {
return Mono.error(IllegalStateException())
}
return super.loadSnapshot(aggregateType, aggregateId)
}
override fun <E : DomainEvent, S : AggregateState, A : Aggregate<*, E, S>> saveEvents(aggregateType: A, aggregateId: AggregateId, causationId: CausationId, rawEvents: List<E>, expectedSequenceNumber: Long, correlationId: CorrelationId?, snapshot: Snapshot<S>?): Flux<PersistedEvent<E>> {
return when {
optimisticConcurrencyExceptionOnSave -> Flux.error(OptimisticConcurrencyException)
saveErrorState -> Flux.error(IllegalStateException())
else -> super.saveEvents(aggregateType, aggregateId, causationId, rawEvents, expectedSequenceNumber, correlationId, snapshot)
}
}
}
| 12,560 |
4417354_1
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Court Listener
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| null |
None
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None
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Unknown
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Unknown
| 788 | 1,371 |
[J-1-2019] [MO: Baer, J.]
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
EASTERN DISTRICT
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : No. 13 EAP 2018
:
Appellant : Appeal from the Judgment of Superior
: Court entered on July 12, 2017 at
: 3251 EDA 2015 (reargument denied
v. : September 13, 2017) affirming and
: remanding the PCRA Order entered
: on October 715 in the Court of
JEROME KING, : Common Pleas, Philadelphia County,
: Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-
Appellee : 0706191-2005.
:
: SUBMITTED: January 15, 2019
DISSENTING OPINION
JUSTICE DOUGHERTY DECIDED: July 17, 2019
I respectfully dissent and would hold the PCRA court abused its discretion in
granting appellee’s motion to preclude the Commonwealth from privately interviewing trial
counsel. As a basis for holding the PCRA court did not abuse its discretion by “enter[ing]
an order crafted to the specific arguments presented by the parties and the particular
circumstances of this case,” Majority Opinion, slip op. at 11, the majority quotes from the
PCRA court’s order, which enumerated a number of circumstances unique to this case.1
See id. at 10. However, it is clear from the PCRA court’s opinion that it grounded its
decision upon a concern that trial counsel would divulge still-privileged information to the
1 As the majority relies upon the PCRA court’s order for its holding, I agree with Justice
Mundy that its holding “should be narrowly construed based on the unique set of
circumstances before [the Court]” and “should not be read to stand for the proposition
that the Commonwealth is generally prohibited from communicating with trial counsel in
preparation for an evidentiary hearing.” Concurring Opinion (Mundy, J.), slip op. at 1.
Commonwealth in the private interview. Specifically, the PCRA court stated “in order to
ensure that trial counsel [ ] did not violate his continuing duty of loyalty to [appellee] and
disclose confidential information to the Commonwealth, [I] ordered that the
Commonwealth be precluded from speaking with trial counsel prior to the evidentiary
hearing on trial counsel’s ineffectiveness.” PCRA Court Opinion, 1/22/16 at 7
The attorney-client privilege has been codified by our legislature and acts to bar
counsel from disclosing confidential information in all criminal proceedings unless the
client waives the privilege. See 42 Pa.C.S. §5916. Waiver of the privilege occurs where
the client claims ineffective assistance of counsel as a basis for PCRA relief. See 42
Pa.C.S. §9545(d)(3). Of course, the privilege is waived only as to the discrete claim or
claims at issue and the privilege remains intact for all matters not implicated by the
ineffectiveness claim. See id. See also Commonwealth v. Flor, 136 A.3d 150, 160-61
(Pa. 2016). However, courts should not presume attorneys faced with allegations of
ineffectiveness will act unethically and reveal information irrelevant to the ineffectiveness
claim, but instead should presume those attorneys will “honor [their] professional
responsibility to [their] client” by acting professionally and ethically. Commonwealth v.
Philistin, 53 A.3d 1, 31 (Pa. 2012) (internal quotation and citation omitted). See also
Commonwealth v. Torres, 630 A.2d 1250, 1253 (Pa. Super. 1993) (en banc) (“[C]ounsel
is presumed to act professionally and ethically”).
Rather than following these principles of law and presuming trial counsel would act
ethically and refrain from disclosing still-privileged information in his interview with the
Commonwealth, the PCRA court instead assumed the interview would delve into still-
privileged information, without any evidence in the record to support its assumption.2 See
2The following exchange between PCRA counsel and the PCRA court at the hearing on
appellee’s motion to preclude demonstrates the record was devoid of any evidence
[J-1-2019] [MO: Baer, J.] - 2
PCRA Court Opinion, 1/22/16 at 20 (“[T]his [c]ourt deferred disclosure of privileged
information until a court-supervised proceeding where this [c]ourt could monitor the extent
of trial counsel’s disclosures and ensure that [appellee’s] important interests be protected
by the continuing rules of confidentiality.”). For these reasons, I would hold the PCRA
court abused its discretion by precluding the Commonwealth from privately interviewing
trial counsel based on an unfounded presumption trial counsel would divulge still-
privileged information.
suggesting trial counsel would have revealed still-privileged information in the private
interview with the Commonwealth:
PCRA Counsel: Under what circumstances does a lawyer say, [y]ou know
what, I’m going to jam [up] my former client. I’m going to hurt him. We don’t
allow that. You should not allow that. He can still defend himself. We can
still get at the truth. The Commonwealth - -
PCRA Court: I’m sorry, where does it say that [trial counsel] thought
that he was going to jam up - -
PCRA Counsel: I didn’t say that he would. This is a protective measure
to make sure that he doesn’t.
N.T. 10/6/15 at 13 (emphasis added).
[J-1-2019] [MO: Baer, J.] - 3.
| 40,543 |
sn99021999_1910-08-16_1_2_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,910 |
None
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None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 5,840 | 8,019 |
THE BEE: OMA1TA, TUESDAY, AUGUST 16, 1910. A Trio of Sacrifices on Men's, Boy's and Girl Headwear comprise the offerings for our 5th 5-Hour Sale which begins Tuesday at 7:00 A.M. Choice of any Straw Hat for Girls only from 1 to 11 A.M. and 2 to 5 P.M. unrestricted choice of all men's, young men's, boys' and girls' straw hats at exactly half price. All the foremost popular straw hats, boys' and girls' straw hats, and colors, such as only Tuesday, each, 10:00 A.M. and 15:00 P.M. Assistant Attorney General Russell told me the indictments were to be investigated. I also met Mr. Lyon. He said he had been summoned to Washington by telegraph. When I got back home, I was instructed that the indictment against McMurray was to be dismissed. Cub Ream, in Indian, testified that he had been prevented from securing the position of delegate to Washington for the Chickasaw tribe because he was opposed to the McMurray contracts. Ream declared he had protested to the Indiana that a 10 percent fee to McMurray would be too high and that the government already had promised to sell the land without expense to the Indians. For taking this view, he said, he was not allowed to represent the Indians at Washington. Indian Affairs Contracts. Douglass H. Johnston, chief of the Chickasaw tribe, was in favor of the contracts. Ream said. W. H. Paul, a Chickasaw, told of having received a share of $14,900 for getting the McMurray contracts signed. Attorneys for McMurray put on witnesses in favor of the contracts. Q Holmes Willis, a Chickaw, testified he favored the McMurray contracts and paying the 10 percent fee, because he believed McMurray could sell the property for more than 10 percent more than the government could get for it. TRACING STOLEN - PAY CHEST Civilian Arrested by the Department of Justice with the Intent to Sell the Property. CHEYENNE, Wyo., Aug. 15. A report from Camp Us today states that the sergeant in charge of the guard over the paymaster's sire, that was stolen one night last week, was confessed that a civilian came to him on the night of the robbery and represented that he had been sent by the paymaster to get the safe, as the officer intended to pay off $800 to troops that were leaving the camp that night. A civilian, whose name had not been given out, has been arrested by the military authorities, but so far as known, neither the safe nor the safe have been located. A Last Rock Island. IOWA FALLS, IA., Aug. 15. - Special Examiner Neeleram, the Rock Island road, is made defendant in a $1000 damage suit brought by Fred W. McCullough of this city. This case is the outgrowth of an accident at In January, 1909, when Mr. Mc- Vin McCollough was brought to the head brake- man on a Rock Island freight when the accident occurred that cost him $100. He was sitting in the cab of the locomotive when the driving rod broke. It is alleged that the company was negligent in not having its equipment in proper shape, thus resulting in the accident. Aberdeen Doctor Raises Seal. ABERDEEN, Aug. 15,-The board of health of Aberdeen, after a meeting of the local medical society, voted to raise their rates all along the line. Day calls hereafter were ordered of M.W.; night cells will and country patients will be charged $1 per mile, on way. Instead of cents on way, as heretofore. The advance cost of living and in remarkable business of the Aberdeen climate, rendering the service of physicians comfortable. The reasons given for the advance. South Dakota News News. WASHINGTON A fire destroyed the stock of goods if the Pdum, a general merchant entailing a loss of $1,000 with insurance of $100. The loss was saved. The old son of Aug, county, while playing in the yard at his home, fell into a deep hole. MOBRIDOK-At a special election, $5,000 in refunding bonds was voted by a vote of 10 for to Washington and 15,000 water works bonds were voted. By 17 against, WAGNER-While working with a seaport near her, Ololinar Anderson had his right arm caught in the belt to the feeder box. Before he could be extricated, the arm was torn from its socket. Anderson's condition is serious. VETERAN The stock of the Veblen State bank has been increased to $28,000, and as soon as the necessary permission is secured from the treasury department, the bank will become a national bank under the management, the First National Bank of Vermont. CHEFS EA The State Bank of Chelsea, is in the hands of the state bank examiner, but it is stated that the matter will be arranged so the institution can resume business, possibly under new owners, with no loss to depositor. The cause for the state examiner taking charge has not been made public. BLUNT The Catholic, after twenty-five years without a house of worship, visited the Church of the Trensigatkuk, a edifice, with imposing ceremonies in charge of the new church. Mr. T. A. Ryan of Madison as the representative of Bishop O'Leary, assisted by several priests. PIERRE The IlstVf women who have .. .elected a rteWKate to repreeent iSoulh Dakota In tlie NaUonal tVnserva mmmm at Su' 1'aul In October Is: Mrs. Mary N. Farr,s ynerre; Mr. Jeasa- mine Fox. VermUUpn: Mre. u kv. (rK.nki Huroni. Mlsa tllUU C Hall, Mllhank; Mra Joan atanley, Hat Rnnnn: Mra. Julius JL JiUunon, Fort eierra . j vv .- 1 , To Ik raraaer. Near Onutskn. Va ar buying gram direct from the farmer at tap notch market prioas. When tl nav wheat corp. oats, or barley to ttfer. oatt as U r iio t u. tUM Milling wMojAy,. 1 V iai. Store-Half Price Infants' Soft Sole Ihoe Sixes 0 to white, black, pink or - blue; regular value 60c, special value, pair....... rxwrix a Vm AM STREET RULES FOR THOSE WHO VOTE pity Attorney Beiterater His Baling in tne iaatter. BEVERAGE FROM LAST YEAR Those Who Are Suffering Mast Appear at the Office of the City Clerk or They Cannot Vote. Any unregistered voters, or voters who are registered in any other precinct than the one in which they now reside, must appear in the city clerk's office Tuesday morning accompanied by two freeholders who have lived in the precinct in which the vote is to be cast for a least one year, and swear out an affidavit or he cannot cast a vote. This is the positive opinion of the city attorney, and in spite of a general tendency to disregard it, the Judges of election are instructed to enforce it. If anyone has never voted before, having just become of age; or having moved since he was registered in another precinct, or has come to Omaha since last October or failed to register, last October, he cannot cast a vote unless he gets such a certificate from the city clerk with two freeholders witnesses. There are a great many voters who imagine that they can get some other transfer from one precinct to another or that they can swear, in a vote at the polls, but they will be turned down unless they have a certificate. Considerable confusion has been caused by the ruling, since it amounts to a reversal of last year's rulings and the city clerk is rapidly growing gray in an effort to inform hundreds of people of the necessity for coming to his office. According to his own story, he slept last night with the telephone in bed with him and nobody seems to believe him when he says that only regularly registered voters will have maintained their residences in the same precinct. The mayor, in the fifth precinct of the Third ward, there may be some trouble, as it is generally understood that the only freeholder who has lived in that precinct for a year is Rome Miller, owner of the Rome hotel, and if any voter has taken up a new residence in that precinct, he would be unable to find sufficient witnesses. If any voters are embarrassed by the situation, there is another freeholder who will be produced or created. The city clerk's office will be open from 1 to 8 o'clock Tuesday morning and later if necessary to swear out the affidavits. MAN AND WOMAN FOUND DEAD Dr. Campbell Bodies Wound Over Death. HARRISBURG, Pa., Aug. 18. The bodies of Dr. Russell Campbell and Mrs. Morrison were found at the home of the Morrisons in New Jersey, Perry county, today. A neighbor discovered the body of the woman lying across the front door step, and further search revealed the doctor's body in his room. Examination showed that the man had died from internal hemorrhages resulting from a operation. The theory of the police is that Dr. Campbell performed the operation some time during the night and on discovering the fatal result, killed himself. His death was due to a sudden attack of potassium. DAM ABUTMENT COLLAPSES Two Laborers Are Killed at Watertown, N.Y. and Several Arriving. WATERTOWN, N.Y., Aug. 18. While a gang of between fifty and seventy-five Italian laborers was at work today excavating for a raceway in the bed of Orass River at the foot of the 300-foot concrete dam that is being built a mile above Messina, the hug abutment, nearly forty feet high. Collapsed. Two bodies have been recovered. It is believed the bodies of several laborer are buried under the concrete. SHIP TERRA NOVA SIGHTED Long-Delayed Vessel Bearing Antagonist to Expedition, U.S. Navy. C.B.twn. CAPETOWN, Aug. 15. The ship Terr Nova, bearing the Antarctic expedition with which Captain Robert F. Scott hopes to reach the south pole, was sighted today off Cape Point. The Terra Nova sailed from Madeira June 1 and was about fourteen days behind its schedule then to reach Cape Town, the delay causing some apprehension. NEWSBOY BEATEN TO DEATH One of the most important news from the Philippines. MOINES, Aug. 12.-More Carr, aged 12, a well-known newsboy on the streets, died today from injuries received when he was struck by the rival newsboys and was too weak to walk. The incident was under investigation. RISCOM AT SAGAMORE HILL New York Chairman Brines Important Message from Taft. COUNTY IS IN PROGRESS Colonel Roosevelt Intimates that He May Marry Something to Bay at Its Conclusion Starts West Next Week. OYSTER BAY, Aug. 12.-Moyd C. Orlco, chairman of the New York county republican committee, arrived early today from New York and proceeded directly to Sagamore Hill. Mr. Orlco refused to discuss the subject of the conference which he is to have with Colonel Roosevelt. Jev.elt, but it is known he is the bearer of an important message from President Taft, with whom he visited at Beverly, Mrs.., Saturday night. Colonel Roosevelt intimated he might have something to say at the conclusion of the conference. It is generally believed Mr. Griscom took to Colonel Roosevelt an urgent message looking toward harmony between all elements of the party in the fall campaign. On Colonel Roosevelt's reply, it is believed, will depend in great measure the future relations between the president and the ex-president. Sunday night the colonel would add nothing to the bar announcement that Mr. Griscom was to come, except to say that he had read with rare interest the dispatches from Beverly, intimating that the president is expecting Secretary Ballinger to resign, and that Senator Aldrich and Speaker Cannon in the future are to be in less direct contact with the administration. He refused to give his views on this subject or to say whether the message which Mr. Griscom bears constitutes another step in the administration program for readjusting conditions within the party, it is believed here, however, that as a result of Mr. Griscom's visit the exact relations between the president and the ex-president will be more clearly defined even though no public announcement be made. Said Nothing of Administration. Since Colonel Roosevelt returned from Africa he has resolutely avoided placing himself on record in regard to the Taft administration. He has set the president only once, and then for a comparatively short time, during his visit to Boston for the Harvard commencement. So far as is known no messages have passed between them during that time and it is believed President Taft decided to ascertain where his predecessor stands, particularly in view of the national campaign which is soon to get under way. Colonel Roosevelt's western trip is to start on Tuesday of next week. During the trip, it is expected that he will place himself on record in regard to a number of matters of great interest to the country and the republican party. One of them will be the conservation of national resources which has been the subject of so much discussion during the months which President Taft has been in the White House. While it is believed that Colonel Roosevelt will not have one word of criticism of the administration in any of these speeches, there is good ground for the assumption that he will not depart from the vigorous stance of conservation which he assumed while he was president. Whatever may be the tenor of Mr. UriBcom's message from the president, it may be said that Colonel Roosevelt will proceed with the program which it is known has mapped out for him. Colonel Roosevelt also announced today that he had decided on a third long trip, starting some time in March, he will go from coast to coast on a trip which will occupy about one month. The colonel said today that while he was in Africa eight months ago, he had accepted an invitation from Dr. Benjamin Ida Wheeler, president of the University of California, to speak at the university on charter day next March. He will go by the southern route. Only one other speech has been definitely settled on at the Southern Commercial congress in Atlanta, which will be made in March on the westward trip. From Atlanta, Colonel Roosevelt will travel through the south, making on speech in each state which he traverses. He probably will make a short stop at the Texas ranch of Cecil Lyon, republican national committeeman, who is an old friend. The return from California in all probability will be via the northern route. The exact time of the trip and the places at which speeches will be made have not been decided upon. Freasurc Cart Blown Up by Bomb Bassian Arrested in Boston Charged with Crime Committed Three Years Ago. BOSTON, Aug. 11-I was by hurling a dynamite bomb at a government treasury cart which blew it to pieces and killed a couple of Cossacks, that 5,000 rubles was secured by a band of anarchists in Tiflis, Russian Trans-Cacuala, three years ago, according to Chief John E. Wilkins of the secret service, who is here investigating the arrest on Saturday of Andreu Rellow, charged with being one of the robbers. According to Chief Wilkins, the treasure cart was proceeding along the main street of Tiflis under a guard of ten Cossacks when a bomb was thrown from a window of a house. The cart and treasure were scattered about the streets and two of the soldiers were killed and others wounded. In the confusion, five men and two women, who the Russian government claims are anarchists, gathered up the scattered notes in baskets. MITCHELL ONLY A DELEGATE Former President Refuses Invitation to President Lowenstein to Com, to Platform. INDIANAPOLIS, Aug. 15. John Mitchell, former president of th United Mine Work ers, today for th first time appeared in the convention hall, but refused to accept th Invitation of President T. L, Lwls to oc cupy a seat on th platform. ' - "I am her as a delegate only," said Mitchell. "I have no preconceived notions a to what I shall do. but It will be for the best of the miners." Mitchell represent the Spring Valley, III., locals. MACHINIST KILLED BY TRAIN Cawnoay A. Mraa Wine Boot ts Vafcjeown, 1 Run Down hy E- pra at Losu, la. LOQAN. Ia.. Aug. li. Special Telegram.) Tha Korthweetern expreea, going west, struck, and killed Chauucey A. Morgan, a machinist employed by th Illinois Central railroad bar at 10 o'clock this morning, ill hum U not known, Assessment Roll in South Dakota ' '. Total Valne of Property in State is Placed at Three Hundred and Thirty-Seven Millions. riERRE, S. D., Aug. 13. -(Ppeclnl Tele gram, The total assessed valuation of the state, with the flirures as completed by tho state assessment board, will be jrtf7.71R.2S.-), an Increase of Just about $lfi,000,000 over the assessment of last year. The largest part of this comes from real estate, as it covets by far tho heaviest Interest of the stafp. The Values of the principal classes of property, show as follows: Farm and mineral lands... ..$212,204,213 .. S5.7M.H19 .. M.3'W.6rf7 .. lO.MI.fltti SH5.12-1 l.6W .. l.-i,523 Town lots Horses, all classes ............ Cattle, all classes Mules Sheep. Swine The rest of the list of general property outside of corporate property is made up of miscellaneous property on the general assessment roll. The corporate property assessment reaching $2,525,000, and the general list other than corporate being $105,190,324. In the general list, the items of gold and silver plate and plated ware are shown at $110,158; not a very large sum for the state. Watches, diamonds, and jewelry are listed at $8,171, going to about five times that of gold and silver plate. Money others than those of banks show up at $98,687, which, with over $160,000,000 personal deposits in the banks of the state, is not an "excessive" return. Bank stock valuations are put at $4,054,900. The figures of the state board, through slight changes in equalizations, show an increase of about $2,000,000 over the returns made by the county auditors. Marshalltown will entertain Elks. Elaborate preparations are being made for the state convention next week. Marshalltown will have a large representation on the streets of the business section. Electroliers recently placed on the streets of the business section are to carry purple and white lights. During the week and merchants are vying with one another to present the most elaborate decorated store buildings. Although the convention does not begin until Wednesday, it is expected that a great many Elks and their wives will begin to arrive in the city Tuesday. Wednesday is to be a day of sports and recreation. Thursday is the big day of the convention. A mammoth parade, in which practically all of the lodges of the state will take part; the business meeting, when the election of officers will be held and the next meeting place will be chosen, and sports and indoor entertainment will furnish the features for this the last and chilly day. Agar Packing Company Fails Central Trust Company is Named as Receiver for Plant in Illinois. DE MOINES, Aug. 16.-Involuntary bankruptcy proceedings commenced in federal court at Chicago and Des Moines Saturday, today resulted in the naming of the Central Trust company as temporary receiver for the Illinois plant, of the Agar Packing company. Judge McPherson at Council Bluffs will name a temporary receiver for the Des Moines plant tomorrow. Total liabilities are given as $400,000, with assets totaling the same amount. Afton Boy In Prison. CRESTON, la., Aug. 15. Special.) George Vincent, a former Afton boy and at one time a local newspaper, has been sentenced to two years' imprisonment at Los Angeles, Cal., for grand larceny. Vincent is the young fellow who left here suddenly while in the employ of one of the daily papers, leaving a note to the effect that his body would be found in the lake west of the city, giving the impression that he had committed suicide. After dragging the lake and no sign of the body being found, it was suspected Vincent was just bluffing in order to escape his creditors, which was found to be true, as he was later discovered at council Bluffs. From there he had been lost track of. The funds for which he was jailed was stealing trunks from hotels. Vincent's downfall is attributed to a desire to live beyond his income. Hike for Cavalry. DADWOOD, S. D., Aug. 15. (Special) Word has been received here that the Fourth United States cavalry of Fort Meade, now in temporary quarters at Camp E.S. Otis, near Cheyenne, Wyo., will arrive here August 28, after an overland hike, and will spend four or five days here. Local authorities have been asked to provide a suitable camping ground and provisions for 600 men and 700 animals during their stay here. The troop will pass through Hot Springs and Custer on their way here. Corsica Farmer Killed. SIOUX FALLS, S. (D. Aug. (Special) Edward Everson, a prominent farmer, living near Corsica, was the victim of a fatal accident. Himself and a hired man, together with his son Alfred, had been stacking grain during the day and had just loaded the last load for the day when a pitchfork fell from the load, striking the horses and causing them to run away. Everson was thrown off the load and under the wheel, which passed over him. He lived in great agony until the following morning, when death ended his suffering. Iowa, Neve Note. CRESTON Three inches of water fell at Masena yesterday morning. This is the report received from that place, where no rain has fallen for the last two months. Farmers are hoping the long drought has finally been broken. CRESTON Oat threshing is in full blast in the eastern part of Adams county, around Preston, and the yield is said to be most satisfactory, some fields yielding as high as fifty and seventy bushels per acre, and a fair average of all has been estimated at from forty to fifty-five bushel per acre. The grain is of exceptional quality, large and solid, and of good weight. CRESTON The condition of County Attorney Ann R. Page still gives the greatest concern, it has never regained consciousness and is growing weaker daily. He is suffering from leakage of the brain, brought on by some trouble experienced in Denver, the nature of which is not known, as he was found unconscious there and brought home in that condition. In which he still remains. He had gone to Denver to rest up for a time and had been gone but a few days when brought him here. THREATENS FOUR JUDGES Anonymous Letter Says New York Jurists Will Be Killed Soon. WRITER A DISCHARGED CONVICT He Was Convicted of Crime of Which He is Innocent and that He Cannot Find His Wife and Child. NEW YORK, Aug. 15.-A letter in which the writer threatens death to several judges in this city and Brooklyn and several assistant district attorneys was received at the district attorney's office today and turned over to the police for investigation. The letter was addressed to District Attorney Whitman and was as follows: "I am now a free man after a three years' sentence in King Sing, along with three others whom I have made friends. We have decided to deal out a death sentence to Judge O'Sullivan, Judge Malone, Judge Fawcett, Judge Rosalie, District Attorneys Ely, Hart, and two others, for our lives are not worth living. I cannot locate my wife and child. I was charged with grand larceny and as sure as God is in heaven I was innocent and I am also sure that many a man in state's prison is innocent." "The day is not far when some of the above mentioned names will be a thing of the past. This may be taken as a joke, but wait for results. It is a disgrace to the world to see a married man taken from his family just because certain people go to the district attorney and swear they were swindled." Secretary of State Threatened. ALBANY, N. Y., Aug. 15.-A letter threatening him with "What Gaynor got," and signed by the "Chauffeurs' Black Hand Gang," was received today by Secretary of State Samuel S. Koenig. The letter, which was evidently written by a chauffeur who had failed to pass the examination required under the new Callan automobile law, was mailed from New York City on Saturday. It declared that chauffeurs who were working at the time the Callan law became effective should have been exempted from examination, the same as owners of cars, but that as it is many married men have been thrown out of employment by falling to pass. "The best thing you can do," concluded the letter, "is to break the law and let the old chauffeur go through without examination. If not, you will get not what Gaynor got, but something which will send you to your grave. If this new law is not changed in one week's time you can prepare for your grave." Appended to the signature is the drawing of a large stiletto. Two similar letters were received by Secretary Koenig from New York City about a week ago. In one of them the lives of Governor Hughes, Secretary Koenig and Assemblyman Callan, author of the automobile. Law, were threatened. Miss Nightingale died at the home in London, England. Widely-loved nurse in Crimean War passes away in her ninety-third year. First Year's - LONDON, Aug. 11 Florence Nightingale, the famous nurse of the Crimean war and the only woman who ever received the Order of Merit, died yesterday afternoon at her London home. Although she had been an invalid for a long time, rarely leaving her room, her death was somewhat unexpected. A week ago she was quite sick, but then improved and on Friday was cheerful. During that night alarming symptoms developed and she gradually sank until 1 o'clock Saturday afternoon, when an attack of heart failure brought the end. Her funeral will be as quiet as possible, in accordance with her wishes. During recent years, owing to her feebleness and advanced age, Miss Nightingale had received but few visitors. On May 2 last, she celebrated her 90th birthday. Florence Nightingale was born May 12, 1830. She was the first woman to follow a modern army into battle as a nurse, and in the Crimean war gained the title of "Angel of the Crimea." At the close of the war she was enabled by a testimonial fund, amounting to $250,000, to found an institution for the training of nurses, the Nightingale home at St. Thomas hospital. She was also the means of calling attention to the unsanitary conditions of camp hospitals. In 1885 she received the freedom of the city of London. King Edward bestowed upon her the Order of Merit, the most exclusive distinction in the gift of the British sovereign. The membership of the order is limited to twenty-four, and it includes such men as Lord Roberts, Lord Wolseley, and Lord Wolseley. Field Marshal Kitchener, James Bryce, Prince Yamagata and Admiral Togo. TO DEAL WITH CITY WATER Aldermen Have Resolutions Prepared Which May Be Brought Up Meeting of Council. Several resolutions that have long been prepared and slumbering in the inner pockets of several of the aldermen may be brought to light at the council meeting tonight. They deal with the water works problem and suggest various methods of solving it. On of them provides for the institution of a suit against the water company to recover rental for the use of the streets during all of the time the company has been operating without a franchise. This is to cover the water bills presented by the Company for water used for public purposes, in the parks, fountains, school houses, etc, amounting to more than $5,000 a year. Another resolu tion, which is in the possession of two members of the council and may be intro duced this evening by Alderman Fishery provides for granting the water company a restricted franchise, with a ten-year purchase limit, by which the city may ac quire the plant at its appraised value and which will require the company to go ahead and make the extension to the serv ice so sorely needed. Another provides for overture to the company to procure a re newal of the proposition made by Lieutenant Governor Bruce, which Is declared to have been the best and most desirable proposal the company could make for its own interests and the city. Awaialan-Branch Schedule. BELLE FOURCHE, S. D., Aug. 15. (Special.) General Manager Frank Walters, in charge of the lines of the Chicago & Northwestern railway west of the Missouri river, is here from Omaha in a special train. Mr. Walters came to arrange schedules for the new branch line of the company to Newell, thirty miles southeast of here, and will also look over the Irrigation project of the government. He is accompanied by General Superintendent Braden, Physiologist Superintendent Costiey and Chief Engineer Schenck of the maintenance department. Aviation Meets in France Have Caused Big Loss Promoters Get Small Crowds to Watch High-Salaried Men Perform in the Air. PARIS, Aug. 15. The failure of most of the aviation meetings this summer has proved a great disappointment to promoters. After the tremendous success of the great meeting at Rheims last year, hundreds of meetings were organized in every country in Europe and even in Egypt. Beginning with the winter meets along the Riverla, these meetings have continued week after week in almost every large city in France. In almost every case, the results for the promoters have been disastrous. Even Rhelms, with the prestige of last year and a long series of broken records this summer, was a financial failure, the loss totaling $60.00. Those identified with aviation place the blame upon the spirit of commercialism with which aeroplane flights made such a vivid appeal to the imagination that promoters hung up enormous purse and paid fabulous sums to secure the presence of the few French cracks whose exploits had astonished the world. Men like Paul Ham, who fourteen months ago had earned $25 a month as mechanicians, suddenly began demanding and getting from $15,000 to $20,000. Every pilot, whether experienced or not, wanted to excel, his rival in sensational exploits in order to get more money, and that was the cause of several of the fatal accidents which have marred the meetings. The impression in France is that next year there will not be on meeting where there were thirty this year. Those interested in the real development of aviation, however, believe this will be an advantage rather than a drawback. It will, they think, tend to check the recklessness of professionals and compel manufacturers to devote themselves to the perfection of their machines. NARRAGANSETT GAMBLING HEARING IS POSTPONED Proprietor of Allesjed Resort Files Demurrer and It Will Be Argrued Monday. NARRAGANSETT, PIER, R. I., Aug. 15. The fears of more than a score of men and women who were caught in the raid on the Narragansett club a week ago that they would have To appear in court next Monday as witnesses were dispelled today when Judge, Nathan B. Lewis advised Constable John G. Cross, the young leader of the raiders, not to summon the witnesses for that date. The crusade against gambling was brought before the courts today for the second time. When William E. Arnold, who is charged with maintaining a gambling nuisance, reiterated his plea of not guilty and filed a demurrer to the complaint, Judge Lewis said that argument on the demurrer would be heard next Monday. Child Tern by Hogs. MASON CITY, IA., Aug. 13. (Special.) With cheek cut from eye to ear with insecting cut from eye to mouth and numerous other cuts, the 1-year-old child of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Prestholt, residing in the north part of the county, was rescued from a pen of hogs that were about to devour her. Two doctors were summoned. The wounds were filled with filth and there is great danger of tetanus. If you have anything to sell or trade, advertise it in The Bee Want Ad column and get quick results. The Weather For Nebraska, Showers. For Iowa, Fair Temperatures at Omaha yesterday: Hours: Deg. 8 a.m. 71 7 p.m..., 72 8 a.m... 71 8 a.m... 71 10 a.m..., 78 11 a.m..., 74 12 p.m..., 78 12 p.m..., 78 12 p.m..., 78 12 p.m..., 78 4 p.m..., 87 7 p.m... 83 8 p.m... 87 7 p.m... 87 7 p.m... 83 8 p.m... 87 FOR. Dyspepsia Nervousness and Exhaustion, and diseases arising from imperfect digestion and derangement of the nervous system, Horsford's Acid Phosphate gives the most gratifying results. It nourishes and strengthens the entire body. NonsFostD'3 Ada PHOSPHATE (Iloa-Akkeuc When Hot and Thirsty fall back on the one sure, delicious and safe quencher and cooler-Hydrox Ginger Ale. Drink it Ice cold all you want the ginger prevents shock or chill. to the stomach. GINGER ALE is the most healthful as well as refreshing hot weather drink. mad. Imported ginger, pure fruit juices, re-enforced cans sugar, puraculous. acid gas, distilled water. Sterilized beer. The wholesome sparkling nutritious quackling beverage. At all dealers. Canaipsy, Cans Court Co, Distributors, Omaha, id I. t i' ld jf, v-. Kt! r. n NATIONAL FIDELITY & CASUALTY BUILDING lath and Tar nam Stta. Most Desirable Offices. FOR RENT "Where wholesal meet retail.". Offices newly decorated, steam heat, exceptionally well lighted, modern in every respect. Apply to SATI0NAL FIDELITY CASUALTY CO LOW RATE EXCURSIONS August 16 Sept. 6 and 20 VIA South Southeast Stop-over Privilege, 25 Day Return Limit Tickets for these Encampments are on Sale at Lew Rates to Many Point in Alabama, Florida, Georgia Louisiana, Mississippi North and South Carolina Tennessee and Virginia - For full Particular Address J. E. D. P. A., L. & N. R. R., St. Louis P. W. MORROW N. W. P. A., L. & N. R. R., Chicago "Just Say": It means, Original and Genuine MALTED MILK The Food-drink for All Ages. Agrees with the weakest digestion. Delicious, invigorating and Nutritious." Rich milk, malt, cream, powder form. A 1. J r xjutin, nourishing and strengthening. Take nourishing Att WHORI FORCE, Others are imitations. John Says: "I don't know how many of my candidates would do well to pass them out in bunches." Central Cigar Store 32t So. 16th St. AMUSEMENTS. AMERICAN MUSIC HALL Opera Week, August at 1 The BARN-YARD ROMEO Traverse on Chanted er, Also FOLS. Dififl Othsr atar Acts Stoat Tw Sellta. Frioes 1 Matinee 1 So, $1.50, $2.50, $3.50, $5.00, $6.00, $7.50, $8.00, $10.00, $11.00, $12.00, $13.00, $14.00, $15.00, $16.00, $17.50, $18.00, $19.00, $20.00, $22.00, $23.00, $24.00, $25.00, $27.00, $28.00, $29.00, $30.00, $31.00, $32.00, $33.00, Opening of Regular Season Bif Midday Station at BISK OF BISK, BASEBALL Omaha, vs. Denver Vinton Street Park August 15-16-17-16, Monday, August 10th Ladies' Day, Pay. Gatua Called 3:45. Special car 16th and Faroast at Sw 'I am right,
| 18,576 |
US-12721608-A_1
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 2,008 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 2,654 | 3,210 |
Pump with stabilization component
ABSTRACT
In at least some embodiments, a pump includes a turning member and a reciprocating member coupled to the turning member, the reciprocating member performing a pumping motion as the turning member turns. The pump also includes at least one stabilization component in contact with the reciprocating member to stabilize the pumping motion.
BACKGROUND
A pump is a device that moves fluid from a first location to a second location. In some instances, a pump moves fluid from a lower pressure to a higher pressure. To perform these functions, pumps require energy and moving parts that provide a pumping motion. Over time, the moving parts can become stressed or worn out.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a pump in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 shows a front view of the pump in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure;
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the pump in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure; and
FIG. 4 shows a method in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
NOTATION AND NOMENCLATURE
Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims to refer to particular system components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, computer companies may refer to a component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to . . . . ” Also, the term “couple” or “couples” is intended to mean either an indirect or direct connection. Thus, if a first component couples to a second component, that connection may be through a direct connection or through an indirect connection.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following discussion is directed to various embodiments of the invention. Although one or more of these embodiments may be preferred, the embodiments disclosed should not be interpreted, or otherwise used, as limiting the scope of the disclosure, including the claims. In addition, one skilled in the art will understand that the following description has broad application, and the discussion of any embodiment is meant only to be exemplary of that embodiment, and not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to that embodiment.
Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to pumps having moving parts that perform a pumping motion. In other words, the moving parts form a part of a pumping assembly. To help prevent the moving parts from becoming stressed or worn out, at least one stabilization component is employed to stabilize the pumping motion of the moving parts.
Referring to FIGS. 1-3, FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a pump 100 in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. In FIG. 1, the pump 100 comprises a pumping assembly having a turning member 102 coupled to a reciprocating member 104, best shown in FIG. 3. In FIG. 1, the turning member 102 corresponds to a metallic wheel. In alternative embodiments, the size, the shape, and the material of the turning member 102 may vary. In FIGS. 1 and 3, the reciprocating member 104 corresponds to a metallic block. In alternative embodiments, the size, the shape, and the material of the reciprocating member 104 may vary. In at least some embodiments, the turning member 102 couples to the reciprocating member 104 using an eccentric member 106 mounted off center on the turning member 102. The eccentric member 106 may be, for example, a bearing mounted in a parallel orientation with respect to the turning member 104. As the turning member 102 turns, the reciprocating member 104 contacts the eccentric member 106 and performs a pumping motion (back and forth) as described herein. To stabilize the pumping motion, at least one stabilization component 110 contacts the reciprocating member 104. For example, in at least some embodiments, the at least one stabilization component 110 corresponds to a bearing. As shown, the turning member 102, the reciprocating member 104 and the stabilization component 110 may be placed within a housing 120.
In FIG. 1, at least one plunger 112 couples to the reciprocating member 104 and follows the pumping motion. Although other coupling means may be used, the plunger 112 and the reciprocating member 104 are shown coupled using a pin 114 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The plunger 112 extends though a plunger housing 130 to a pump head 132. Although other embodiments are possible, the plunger housing 130 is shown coupled to the housing 120 using a nut 122. In FIG. 1, a suction section 134 and a discharge section 136 extend from the pump head 132. Although not required, a similar assembly (i.e., a plunger, a plunger housing, a pump head, a suction section, and a discharge section) can be included on the other side of the reciprocating block 104 as shown in FIG. 1.
In at least some embodiments, the pump 100 further comprises a motor housing 170 for an electric motor 151 shown in FIG. 3 that turns the turning member 102. A motor shaft 150 is configured to rotate in at least one direction to cause the pumping motion. In at least some embodiments, the electric motor 151 operates on 12 or 24 volts. Without limitation to other embodiments, the pump 100 may be a chemical injection pump having the features shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Maximum Pressure 4000 psi Plunger sizes ¼″, ⅜″, ½″ Output gallons/day Up to 200
In at least some embodiments, the electrical motor 151 employs a rechargeable battery 153 as the power supply. In such case, the rechargeable battery 153 may be recharged using available solar panels 155 (e.g., 50/60/85/110 watt panels). In at least some embodiments, the power consumption of the pump 100 is managed by automatically adjusting a pump cycle level in response to a power supply voltage level. If the power supply voltage level drops below predetermined thresholds, the pump cycle level is automatically lowered. Similarly, if the power supply voltage level rises above the predetermined thresholds, the pump cycle level is automatically increased. In at least some embodiments, the pump indicates a current pump cycle level and/or power supply voltage level to a user. Further, the pump may enable a user to dynamically select a default pump cycle level. For more information regarding relevant control systems for a pump, reference may be had to co-pending application Ser. No. 12,127,230, entitled “Electrical System For A Pump”, filed May 27, 2008. The above application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIG. 2 shows a front view of the pump 100 in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. FIG. 2 shows many of the features described for FIG. 1. FIG. 2 also shows a motor shaft 150 that couples the turning member 102 to electric motor 151 (e.g., in the motor housing 170). In addition, FIG. 3 shows that the eccentric bearing 106 fits within a recess 160 of the reciprocating member 104. The recess 160 may extend partially or completely through the reciprocating member 104. The recess forms a bearing wall 154 (shown in FIG. 3) having opposing bearing sides 161A, B and 163A, B (shown in FIG. 2). Opposing sides 163A, B are generally perpendicular to the direction of the pumping motion of the pump 100. In one embodiment, the recess 160 forms a generally rectangular shape having the opposing sides 161A, B and 163A, B. As the motor shaft 150 rotates the turning member 102 within recess 160, the eccentric bearing 106 contacts the sides 161 and 163 of the recess 160 in the reciprocating member 104. As the eccentric bearing 106 engages the sides 163A, B, the eccentric bearing 106 applies a force to bearing sides 163A, B causing the reciprocating member 104 to reciprocate.
In FIGS. 2 and 3, stabilization components 110A and 110B are located above and below the turning member 102 in a perpendicular orientation with respect to the turning member. More specifically, the stabilization components 110A and 110B may be located between the turning member 102 and the housing 120 to contact the inside periphery 105 of reciprocating member 104. In this manner, the stabilization components 110A and 110B may be held in place without complicated means. Further, pins 111A and 111B may be rotatably disposed on the stabilization components 110A and 110B respectively to hold the stabilization components 110A and 110B in place. As shown, the pins 111A and 111B may extend through the housing 120. Alternatively, the pins 111A and 111B extend into but not through the housing 120.
In FIG. 2, the plunger 112 includes a groove 116, which fits into a plunger reception gap 118 provided in the reciprocating member 104. To attach the plunger 112 to the reciprocating member 104, the pin 114 extends through the reciprocating member 104 and latches onto the groove 116 of the plunger 112 while the plunger 112 is in the plunger reception gap 118. To connect or disconnect the plunger 112 and the reciprocating member 104, the pin 114 can be inserted into and/or pulled out of the groove 116 in a direction approximately perpendicular to the pumping motion.
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the pump 100 in accordance with embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2. The motor shaft 150 is shown extending from the electric motor 151 in motor housing 170 to the turning member 102, such as a wheel. In FIG. 3, a clearance is shown between the stabilization components 110A and 110B and the housing 120. In various embodiments, this clearance may be larger or smaller. If the stabilization components 110A and 110B correspond to bearings, such clearances enable the bearings to turn without interference from the housing 120. Similar clearances are shown between the stabilization components 110A and 110B and the turning member 102. As shown in FIG. 3, the stabilization components 110A and 110B contact the reciprocating member 104 to ensure a smooth pumping motion.
Also shown in FIG. 3 is the eccentric bearing 106 mounted to the turning member 102 with a pin 108 although other connectors are possible. The eccentric bearing 106 fits into the recess 160 of the reciprocating member 104. As shown FIGS. 2 and 3, the curved (rolling edge) portion of the eccentric bearing 106 contacts the sides 161, 163 of recess 160 and causes the pumping motion of the reciprocating member 104 as the turning member 102 turns. Meanwhile, clearances are shown for each flat (non-rolling) edge of the eccentric bearing 106 (between each of the reciprocating member 104 and the turning member 102). In this manner, there is no interference of the rolling function of the eccentric bearing 106 along the recess 160 by unnecessary contact with either the turning member 102 or the reciprocating member 104. Clearances are also shown between the reciprocating member 104 and the housing 120 to prevent unnecessary contact between the housing 120 and the reciprocating member 104 during the pumping motion.
FIG. 4 shows a method 400 in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. In FIG. 4, the method 400 comprises turning a turning member (e.g., a wheel) (block 402). In at least some embodiments, the turning member is turned by an electric motor. At block 404, a pumping motion is performed with a reciprocating member based on the turning member. For example, an eccentric bearing mounted to the turning member and placed into a recess of the reciprocating member may cause the pumping motion. At block 406, the reciprocating member is contacted to stabilize the pumping motion. In at least some embodiments, bearings are used to contact the reciprocating member. In various embodiments, the method 400 may comprise additional steps such as aligning a recess of the reciprocating member with an eccentric bearing attached to the turning member and/or attaching a plunger to the reciprocating member.
The above discussion is meant to be illustrative of the principles and various embodiments of the present invention. Numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.
1. A pump, comprising: a pump housing; a turning member, turning about an axis of rotation; a reciprocating member coupled to the turning member, the reciprocating member performing a pumping motion as the turning member turns; and at least one stabilization component separated from the turning member, wherein each at least one stabilization component is directly and rotatably mounted to the pump housing via an axle connector, wherein each at least one stabilization component is configured to contact the reciprocating member to stabilize the pumping motion and; wherein the at least one stabilization component comprises a bearing that rotates around the axle connector in a perpendicular orientation with respect to the axis of rotation of the turning member.
2. The pump of claim 1, wherein the reciprocating member comprises a recess with an eccentric member attached to the turning member extending into the recess.
3. The pump of claim 2, further comprises a clearance between a non-rolling edge of the eccentric member and the reciprocating member.
4. The pump of claim 2, wherein the eccentric member comprises a bearing.
5. The pump of claim 4, wherein the bearing of the eccentric member is in a parallel orientation with respect to the axis of rotation of the turning member.
6. The pump of claim 1, wherein the at least one stabilization component is fixed between the turning member and the pump housing.
7. The pump of claim 6, further comprises clearances between the at least one stabilization component and the pump housing and between the at least one stabilization component and the turning member.
8. The pump of claim 1, wherein the at least one stabilization component comprises bearings on opposite sides of the turning member.
9. The pump of claim 1, further comprising a plunger coupled to the reciprocating member.
10. The pump of claim 9, wherein the reciprocating member comprises a plunger reception gap, wherein a pin inserted through the reciprocating member and the plunger reception gap attaches the plunger to the reciprocating member.
11. The pump of claim 1, further comprising an electrical motor configured to turn the turning member.
12. The pump of claim 11, wherein the electrical motor is powered by a rechargeable power supply in connection with a solar panel.
13. The pump of claim 1, wherein the pump comprises a chemical injection pump.
14. A method for operating a pump, comprising: turning a wheel about an axis of rotation; performing a pumping motion with a reciprocating member based on the wheel turning; and contacting the reciprocating member with at least one stabilization component separated from the wheel to stabilize the pumping motion, wherein each at least one stabilization component is directly and rotatably mounted to a pump housing via an axle connector, and wherein the at least one stabilization component comprises a bearing that rotates around the axle connector in a perpendicular orientation with respect to the axis of rotation of the wheel.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising fixing the bearing in a space between the wheel and the pump housing.
16. The method of claim 14, further comprising aligning a recess of the reciprocating member with an eccentric bearing attached to the wheel.
17. The method of claim 14, further comprising attaching a plunger to the reciprocating member.
18. The method of claim 14, further comprising attaching the wheel to an electrical motor, the electrical motor being powered by a rechargeable battery in connection with a solar panel..
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https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanyptera%20dorsalis
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
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Tanyptera dorsalis
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https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanyptera dorsalis&action=history
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Swedish
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Spoken
| 31 | 66 |
Tanyptera dorsalis är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Walker 1848. Tanyptera dorsalis ingår i släktet Tanyptera och familjen storharkrankar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Källor
Storharkrankar
dorsalis
| 32,092 |
5625715_1
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Court Listener
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 2,022 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 652 | 818 |
Stephens, J.
1. To entitle a claimant to compensation under the workmen’s compensation act the relation of master and servant must exist between the alleged employer and the claimant. Where A, who contracted to buy a car-load of metal junk from B at an agreed price per ton, entered into a contract with G to sell him the junk at an agreed price per ton laid down and delivered to C, and where B refused to permit the junk to be moved until A paid the balance due on the purchase-price, and where A, who had no money to pay B, caused B to get into communication with G, with the result that G sent B a cheek in an amount more than sufficient to pay the balance due B by A on the purchase-price of the junk, the amount in excess being intended to be paid to A and which A received, and where B, after the receipt of the check, allowed the car-load of junk to be moved, and B, at C’s request concurred in by A, shipped the junk to C and made the bill of lading to C, and where C on receipt of the junk paid A an amount which represented the balance due A under his contract with C, less the freight charges on the junk which C had paid, and the amount which C advanced to B, and where out of the money which C paid to A,i including the advancement made to A in the check which C sent to B, A paid the laborers who had assisted in loading the junk on the freight-car preparatory to its shipment to C, A, in purchasing the junk from B and reselling it to C, and in employing laborers to load the junk on the freight-car preparatory to its shipment to G, was not acting as the agent of C, but was an independent contractor, and C was not liable to one of the laborers for compensation under the workmen’s compensation act for injuries received while loading the junk on the freight-car.
2. Where the uncontradicted evidence construed most strongly in favor of the claimant, adduced on the hearing before a director of the Department of Industrial Relations of a claim for compensation by the injured laborer against C, was as above indicated, the award of compensation was without evidence to support it and was contrary to law. The judge of the superior court did not err in sustaining the defendant’s appeal from the judgment of the department approving the award to the claimant by the director.
3. A statement to the claimant, by the person who had actually employed him, made at the time of employment and also at the time of the injury, that the person who employed the claimant worked for the defendant and that the defendant carried insurance, was hearsay evidence and had no probative value as tending to establish as a fact, that the person who actually employed the claimant was employed by the defendant and was the defendant’s agent in employing the claimant. There being no evidence otherwise tending to prove such agency, the statement was not admissible as a declaration by an agent.
4. Whether a defendant in a claim for compensation, in a hearing before the director of the Department of Industrial Relations, is not liable as a matter of law to pay compensation, on the ground that he was doing business under a trade-name without having registered as required by law where a person does business under a trade-name, there is no evi*677deuce in this ease that the defendant who was doing business under a trade-name had not registered as required by law.
Decided July 9, 1936.
B. G. Jenkins, D. D. Veal, for plaintiff in error.
Samuel A. Eplan, John A. Dunaway, Bryan, Middlebrooks & Garter, contra.
Judgment affirmed.
Sutton, J., concurs. Jenkins, P. J., disqualified.
| 26,133 |
https://github.com/mikofski/FlyingCircus/blob/master/carousel/core/data_readers.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,021 |
FlyingCircus
|
mikofski
|
Python
|
Code
| 3,517 | 9,171 |
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
This module provides the base classes for data readers, such as
`XLRD <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd/0.9.2>`_ and :func:`numpy.loadtxt`,
which are used to read in data sources.
"""
from StringIO import StringIO
from carousel.core import UREG, Q_
from carousel.core.exceptions import (
UnnamedDataError, MixedTextNoMatchError
)
from xlrd import open_workbook
import csv
import numpy as np
import json
import os
import time
import re
# regex pattern for %e, %E, %f and %g
# http://docs.python.org/2/library/re.html#simulating-scanf
# use (?...) for non capturing groups
EFG_PATTERN = '([-+]?(?:\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\\d+)?)'
# whitelist regex methods
RE_METH = ['search', 'match', 'findall', 'split']
class DataReader(object):
"""
Required interface for all Carousel data readers.
:param parameters: parameters to be read
:type parameters: dict
"""
#: True if reader accepts ``filename`` argument
is_file_reader = True # overload in subclasses
def __init__(self, parameters, meta=None):
#: parameters to be read by reader
self.parameters = parameters
#: meta if any
self.meta = meta
def load_data(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Load data from source using reader. This method must be implemented by
each data reader.
:param args: positional arguments
:param kwargs: keyword arguments
:returns: data read by :class:`DataReader`
:rtype: dict
:raises: :exc:`~exceptions.NotImplementedError`
"""
raise NotImplementedError('load_data')
def apply_units_to_cache(self, data):
"""
Apply units to cached data. This method must be implemented by each data
reader.
:param data: cached data
:return: data with units applied
:rtype: :class:`~pint.unit.Quantity`
:raises: :exc:`~exceptions.NotImplementedError`
"""
raise NotImplementedError('apply_units_to_cache')
class JSONReader(DataReader):
"""
Read data from a JSON file.
:param parameters: parameters to read
:type parameters: dict
:param data_reader: original :class:`DataReader` if data cached as JSON
This the default data reader if not specified in the data source. The format
of the data is similar to the dictionary used to create the data registry,
except without units.
For example::
{
"data": {
"DNI": [834, 523, 334, 34, 0, 0],
"zenith": [21, 28, 45, 79, 90, 90]
},
"param_file": "path/to/corresponding/param_file.json",
"data_source": "MyDataSource"
}
Parameters can be specified in a JSON file. ::
{
"DNI": {
"description": "direct normal insolation",
"units": "W/m*^2",
"isconstant": false
},
"zenith": {
"description": "solar zenith",
"units": "degrees",
"isconstant": false
}
}
Parameters can also be specified in the data source as class attributes. ::
class MyDataSrc(DataSource):
data_reader = JSONReader
DNI = {
"description": "direct normal insolation",
"units": "W/m*^2",
"isconstant": false
}
zenith = {
"description": "solar zenith",
"units": "degrees",
"isconstant": false
}
"""
def __init__(self, parameters, meta=None):
super(JSONReader, self).__init__(parameters, meta)
#: original data reader [None]
self.orig_data_reader = meta.data_reader
def load_data(self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Load JSON data.
:param filename: name of JSON file with data
:type filename: str
:return: data
:rtype: dict
"""
# append .json extension if needed
if not filename.endswith('.json'):
filename += '.json' # append "json" to filename
# open file and load JSON data
with open(filename, 'r') as fid:
json_data = json.load(fid)
# if JSONReader is the original reader then apply units and return
if (not self.orig_data_reader or
isinstance(self, self.orig_data_reader)):
return self.apply_units_to_cache(json_data['data'])
# last modification since JSON file was saved
utc_mod_time = json_data.get('utc_mod_time')
# instance of original data reader with original parameters
orig_data_reader_obj = self.orig_data_reader(self.parameters, self.meta)
# check if file has been modified since saved as JSON file
if utc_mod_time:
# convert to ordered tuple
utc_mod_time = time.struct_time(utc_mod_time)
orig_filename = filename[:-5] # original filename
# use original file if it's been modified since JSON file saved
if utc_mod_time < time.gmtime(os.path.getmtime(orig_filename)):
os.remove(filename) # delete JSON file
return orig_data_reader_obj.load_data(orig_filename)
# use JSON file if original file hasn't been modified
return orig_data_reader_obj.apply_units_to_cache(json_data['data'])
def apply_units_to_cache(self, data):
"""
Apply units to data read using :class:`JSONReader`.
:param data: cached data
:return: data with units applied
:rtype: :class:`~pint.unit.Quantity`
"""
for k, val in self.parameters.iteritems():
if 'units' in val:
data[k] = Q_(data[k], val.get('units'))
return data
class XLRDReader(DataReader):
"""
Read data using XLRD.
The :attr:`~DataReader.parameters` argument is a dictionary. Each item is a
dictionary that contains the following keys: "description", "units", "range"
and "sheet". The parameters argument should be the parameters argument
created by a :class:`~carousel.core.data_sources.DataSource` and the values
of each item should be a :class:`~carousel.core.data_sources.DataParameter`.
Therefore any non-parameter attributes like "range" and "sheet" would be in
"extras".
If the range is a ...
* single cell -- use [rowx, colx].
* 2-D range -- use 2 arrays, [start, stop], each with [rowx, colx].
* column slice -- use an array and an int, [slice, colx], in which slice is
[start-rowx, stop-rowx]. Set stop-rowx to ``None`` to read the rest of
the column after start-rowx.
* row slice -- use [rowx, slice] in which slice is [start-colx, stop-colx].
Set stop-colx to ``None`` to read the rest of the row after start-colx.
* column -- use [None, colx] or [[], colx]
* row -- use [rowx, None] or [rowx, []]
.. seealso::
`The xlrd Module <https://secure.simplistix.co.uk/svn/xlrd/tags/ \
0.7.3/xlrd/doc/xlrd.html>`_
Example of :attr:`~DataReader.parameters`::
parameters = {
"month": {
"description": "month of year",
"units": "month",
"range": [[2, 8762], 2],
"sheet": "Level 1 Outputs"
},
"day": {
"description": "day of month",
"units': "day",
"range': [[2, 8762], 3]}
"sheet": "Level 1 Outputs"
},
"PAC": {
"description": "AC power",
"units": "kW",
"range": [[2, 8762], 12],
"sheet": "Level 2 Outputs"
},
"PDC": {
"description": "DC power",
"units": "kW",
"range": [[2, 8762], 13],
"sheet": "Level 2 Outputs"
}
}
This loads "month" and "day" data from columns 2 and 3 in the "Level 1
Outputs" sheet and "PAC" and "PDC" data from columns 12 and 13 in the
"Level 2 Outputs" sheets. The units for each data set and a description is
also given. Each of the data columns is 8760 rows long, from row 2 to row
8762. Don't forget that indexing starts at 0, so row 2 is the 3rd row.
"""
def load_data(self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Load parameters from Excel spreadsheet.
:param filename: Name of Excel workbook with data.
:type filename: str
:returns: Data read from Excel workbook.
:rtype: dict
"""
# workbook read from file
workbook = open_workbook(filename, verbosity=True)
data = {} # an empty dictionary to store data
# iterate through sheets in parameters
# iterate through the parameters on each sheet
for param, pval in self.parameters.iteritems():
sheet = pval['extras']['sheet']
# get each worksheet from the workbook
worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheet)
# split the parameter's range elements
prng0, prng1 = pval['extras']['range']
# missing "units", json ``null`` and Python ``None`` all OK!
# convert to str from unicode, None to '' (dimensionless)
punits = str(pval.get('units') or '')
# replace None with empty list
if prng0 is None:
prng0 = []
if prng1 is None:
prng1 = []
# FIXME: Use duck-typing here instead of type-checking!
# if both elements in range are `int` then parameter is a cell
if isinstance(prng0, int) and isinstance(prng1, int):
datum = worksheet.cell_value(prng0, prng1)
# if the either element is a `list` then parameter is a slice
elif isinstance(prng0, list) and isinstance(prng1, int):
datum = worksheet.col_values(prng1, *prng0)
elif isinstance(prng0, int) and isinstance(prng1, list):
datum = worksheet.row_values(prng0, *prng1)
# if both elements are `list` then parameter is 2-D
else:
datum = []
for col in xrange(prng0[1], prng1[1]):
datum.append(worksheet.col_values(col, prng0[0],
prng1[0]))
# duck typing that datum is real
try:
npdatum = np.array(datum, dtype=np.float)
except ValueError as err:
# check for iterable:
# if `datum` can't be coerced to float, then it must be
# *string* & strings *are* iterables, so don't check!
# check for strings:
# data must be real or *all* strings!
# empty string, None or JSON null also OK
# all([]) == True but any([]) == False
if not datum:
data[param] = None # convert empty to None
elif all(isinstance(_, basestring) for _ in datum):
data[param] = datum # all str is OK (EG all 'TMY')
elif all(not _ for _ in datum):
data[param] = None # convert list of empty to None
else:
raise err # raise ValueError if not all real or str
else:
data[param] = npdatum * UREG(punits)
# FYI: only put one statement into try-except test otherwise
# might catch different error than expected. use ``else`` as
# option to execute only if exception *not* raised.
return data
def apply_units_to_cache(self, data):
"""
Apply units to cached data read using :class:`JSONReader`.
:param data: Cached data.
:type data: dict
:return: data with units
"""
# iterate through sheets in parameters
# iterate through the parameters on each sheet
for param, pval in self.parameters.iteritems():
# try to apply units
try:
data[param] *= UREG(str(pval.get('units') or ''))
except TypeError:
continue
return data
class NumPyLoadTxtReader(DataReader):
"""
Read data using :func:`numpy.loadtxt` function.
The :attr:`~DataReader.parameters` argument is a dictionary that must have
a "data" key. An additional "header" is optional; see :func:`_read_header`.
The "data" key provides arguments to :func:`numpy.loadtxt`. The "dtype" key
must be specified, as names are required for all data in Carousel. Some
of the other :func:`numpy.loadtxt` arguments: "delimiter" and "skiprows" can
also be specified as keys. In addition "units" can also be specified in a
dictionary in which the keys are the names of the data output by
:func:`numpy.loadtxt`. Converters are not permitted. The "usecols"
argument is also not used since :func:`numpy.loadtxt` states that "the
number of columns used must match the number of fields in the data-type"
and "dtype" is already specified. The other arguments, "fname", "comments",
"unpack" and "ndmin" are also not used.
Example of :attr:`~DataReader.parameters`::
parameters = {
'header': {
'delimiter': ',',
'fields': [
['Name', 'str'],
['Latitude', 'float', 'arcdegree'],
['Longitude', 'float', 'arcdegree']]},
'data': {
'dtype': [
['Date', '(3,)int'], ['Time', '(2,)int'],
['GHI', 'float'], ['DNI', 'float'], ['DHI', 'float']],
'units': {
'GHI': 'W/m**2', 'DNI': 'W/m**2', 'DHI': 'W/m**2'},
'usecols': [0, 1, 4, 7, 10]}}
This loads a header with 3 fields followed by 5 columns of data, converting
the 1st column, "Date", to a 3-element tuple of ``int`` and the 2nd column,
"Time", to a 2-element tuple of ``int``.
"""
def load_data(self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
"""
load data from text file.
:param filename: name of text file to read
:type filename: str
:returns: data read from file using :func:`numpy.loadtxt`
:rtype: dict
"""
# header keys
header_param = self.parameters.get('header') # default is None
# data keys
data_param = self.parameters['data'] # raises KeyError if no 'data'
dtype = data_param['dtype'] # raises KeyError if no 'dtype'
# convert to tuple and normal ASCII
_utf8_list_to_ascii_tuple(dtype) if dtype else None # -> tuple of str
delimiter = data_param.get('delimiter') # default is None
skiprows = data_param.get('skiprows') # default is None
data_units = data_param.get('units', {}) # default is an empty dict
data = {} # a dictionary for data
# open file for reading
with open(filename, 'r') as fid:
# read header
if header_param:
data.update(_read_header(fid, header_param))
fid.seek(0) # move cursor back to beginning
# read data
data_data = np.loadtxt(fid, dtype, delimiter=delimiter,
skiprows=skiprows)
# apply units
data.update(_apply_units(data_data, data_units, fid.name))
return data
def apply_units_to_cache(self, data):
"""
Apply units to data originally loaded by :class:`NumPyLoadTxtReader`.
"""
return _apply_units_to_numpy_data_readers(self.parameters, data)
class NumPyGenFromTxtReader(DataReader):
"""
Read data using :func:`numpy.genfromtxt` function.
The :attr:`~DataReader.parameters` argument is a dictionary that must have
a "data" key. An additional "header" is optional; see :func:`_read_header`.
The "data" key provides arguments to :func:`numpy.genfromtxt`. Either the
"dtype" or "names" key must be specified, as names are required for all
data in Carousel. Some of the other :func:`numpy.genfromtxt` arguments:
"delimiter", "skip_header", "usecols", "excludelist" and "deletechars" can
also be specified as keys. In addition "units" can also be specified in a
dictionary in which the keys are the names of the data output by
:func:`numpy.genfromtxt`. Converters are not permitted. The other
arguments, "fname", "comments", "skip_footer", "missing_values",
"filling_values", "defaultfmt", "autostrip", "replace_space",
"case_sensitive", "unpack", "usemask" and "invalid_raise" are also not
used.
If the data names are not specified in the "dtypes" key or "names" key,
then :meth:`~NumPyGenFromTxtReader.load_data` will raise an exception,
:exc:`~carousel.core.exceptions.UnnamedDataError`.
.. seealso::
`Importing data with genfromtxt \
<http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/basics.io.genfromtxt.html>`_
Example of :attr:`~DataReader.parameters`::
parameters = {
'header': {
'delimiter': ' ',
'fields': [
['city', 'str'], ['state', 'str'],
["timezone", 'int'], ["elevation", 'int', 'meters']]},
'data': {
'delimiter': 4,
'names': ['DNI', 'DHI', 'GHI'],
'units': {'DNI': 'W/m**2', 'DHI': 'W/m**2', 'GHI': 'W/m**2'}}}
This loads a header that is delimited by whitespace, followed by data in
three fixed-width columns all 4-digit floats.
"""
def load_data(self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
"""
load data from text file.
:param filename: name of file to read
:type filename: str
:returns: data read from file using :func:`numpy.genfromtxt`
:rtype: dict
:raises: :exc:`~carousel.core.exceptions.UnnamedDataError`
"""
# header keys
header_param = self.parameters.get('header') # default is None
# data keys
data_param = self.parameters['data'] # raises KeyError if no 'data'
dtype = data_param.get('dtype') # default is None
# if not None convert to tuple and normal ASCII
_utf8_list_to_ascii_tuple(dtype) if dtype else None # -> tuple of str
delimiter = data_param.get('delimiter') # default is None
skip_header = data_param.get('skip_header') # default is None
usecols = data_param.get('usecols') # default is None
names = data_param.get('names') # default is None
names = [str(_) for _ in names] if names else None # -> str
excludelist = data_param.get('excludelist') # default is None
deletechars = data_param.get('deletechars') # default is None
data_units = data_param.get('units', {}) # default is an empty dict
# either dtype or names must be specified
if not (dtype or names):
raise UnnamedDataError(filename)
data = {} # a dictionary for data
# open file for reading
with open(filename, 'r') as fid:
# read header
if header_param:
data.update(_read_header(fid, header_param))
fid.seek(0) # move cursor back to beginning
# data
data_data = np.genfromtxt(fid, dtype, delimiter=delimiter,
skip_header=skip_header, usecols=usecols,
names=names, excludelist=excludelist,
deletechars=deletechars)
# apply units
data.update(_apply_units(data_data, data_units, fid.name))
return data
def apply_units_to_cache(self, data):
"""
Apply units to data originally loaded by :class:`NumPyLoadTxtReader`.
"""
return _apply_units_to_numpy_data_readers(self.parameters, data)
def _apply_units_to_numpy_data_readers(parameters, data):
"""
Apply units to data originally loaded by :class:`NumPyLoadTxtReader` or
:class:`NumPyGenFromTxtReader`.
:param parameters: Dictionary of data source parameters read from JSON
file.
:type parameters: dict
:param data: Dictionary of data read
"""
# apply header units
header_param = parameters.get('header') # default is None
# check for headers
if header_param:
fields = header_param['fields'] # header fields
# dictionary of header field parameters
header_fields = {field[0]: field[1:] for field in fields}
# loop over fieldnames
for k, val in header_fields.iteritems():
# check for units in header field parameters
if len(val) > 1:
data[k] *= UREG(str(val[1])) # apply units
# apply other data units
data_units = parameters['data'].get('units') # default is None
if data_units:
for k, val in data_units.iteritems():
data[k] *= UREG(str(val)) # apply units
return data
def _read_header(f, header_param):
"""
Read and parse data from 1st line of a file.
:param f: :func:`file` or :class:`~StringIO.StringIO` object from which to
read 1st line.
:type f: file
:param header_param: Parameters used to parse the data from the header.
Contains "delimiter" and "fields".
:type header_param: dict
:returns: Dictionary of data read from header.
:rtype: dict
:raises: :exc:`~carousel.core.exceptions.UnnamedDataError`
The **header_param** argument contains keys to read the 1st line of **f**.
If "delimiter" is ``None`` or missing, the default delimiter is a comma,
otherwise "delimiter" can be any single character, integer or sequence of
``int``.
* single character -- a delimiter
* single integer -- uniform fixed width
* sequence of ``int`` -- fixed widths, the number of fields should \
correspond to the length of the sequence.
The "fields" key is a list of (parameter-name, parameter-type[, parameter-
units]) lists.
"""
# default delimiter is a comma, can't be None
header_delim = str(header_param.get('delimiter', ','))
# don't allow unnamed fields
if 'fields' not in header_param:
raise UnnamedDataError(f.name)
header_fields = {field[0]: field[1:] for field in header_param['fields']}
# header_names can't be generator b/c DictReader needs list, and can't be
# dictionary b/c must be same order as 'fields' to match data readby csv
header_names = [field[0] for field in header_param['fields']]
# read header
header_str = StringIO(f.readline()) # read the 1st line
# use csv because it will preserve quoted fields with commas
# make a csv.DictReader from header string, use header names for
# fieldnames and set delimiter to header delimiter
header_reader = csv.DictReader(header_str, header_names,
delimiter=header_delim,
skipinitialspace=True)
data = header_reader.next() # parse the header dictionary
# iterate over items in data
for k, v in data.iteritems():
header_type = header_fields[k][0] # spec'd type
# whitelist header types
if isinstance(header_type, basestring):
if header_type.lower().startswith('int'):
header_type = int # coerce to integer
elif header_type.lower().startswith('long'):
header_type = long # coerce to long integer
elif header_type.lower().startswith('float'):
header_type = float # to floating decimal point
elif header_type.lower().startswith('str'):
header_type = str # coerce to string
elif header_type.lower().startswith('bool'):
header_type = bool # coerce to boolean
else:
raise TypeError('"%s" is not a supported type.' % header_type)
# WARNING! Use of `eval` considered harmful. `header_type` is read
# from JSON file, not secure input, could be used to exploit system
data[k] = header_type(v) # cast v to type
# check for units in 3rd element
if len(header_fields[k]) > 1:
units = UREG(str(header_fields[k][1])) # spec'd units
data[k] = data[k] * units # apply units
return data
def _apply_units(data_data, data_units, fname):
"""
Apply units to data.
:param data_data: NumPy structured array with data from fname.
:type data_data: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
:param data_units: Units of fields in data_data.
:type data_units: dict
:param fname: Name of file from which data_data was read.
:type fname: str
:returns: Dictionary of data with units applied.
:rtype: dict
:raises: :exc:`~carousel.core.exceptions.UnnamedDataError`
"""
data_names = data_data.dtype.names
# raise error if NumPy data doesn't have names
if not data_names:
raise UnnamedDataError(fname)
data = dict.fromkeys(data_names) # dictionary of data read by NumPy
# iterate over data read by NumPy
for data_name in data_names:
if data_name in data_units:
# if units specified in parameters, then convert to string
units = str(data_units[data_name])
data[data_name] = data_data[data_name] * UREG(units)
elif np.issubdtype(data_data[data_name].dtype, str):
# if no units specified and is string
data[data_name] = data_data[data_name].tolist()
else:
data[data_name] = data_data[data_name]
return data
def _utf8_list_to_ascii_tuple(utf8_list):
"""
Convert unicode strings in a list of lists to ascii in a list of tuples.
:param utf8_list: A nested list of unicode strings.
:type utf8_list: list
"""
for n, utf8 in enumerate(utf8_list):
utf8_list[n][0] = str(utf8[0])
utf8_list[n][1] = str(utf8[1])
utf8_list[n] = tuple(utf8)
class ParameterizedXLS(XLRDReader):
"""
Concatenate data from parameterized sheets.
:param parameters: Parameterization information.
All data in parameterized sheets must be vectors of only numbers.
"""
def __init__(self, parameters):
#: parameterizaton information
self.parameterization = parameters
new_parameters = {} # empty dict for sheet parameters
parameter_sheets = self.parameterization['parameter']['sheets']
for n, sheet in enumerate(parameter_sheets):
new_parameters[sheet] = {} # empty dictionary for sheet data
for k, v in self.parameterization['data'].iteritems():
new_parameters[sheet][k + '_' + str(n)] = v
super(ParameterizedXLS, self).__init__(new_parameters)
# filename is instance attribute of XLRDReader
def load_data(self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Load parameterized data from different sheets.
"""
# load parameterized data
data = super(ParameterizedXLS, self).load_data(filename)
# add parameter to data
parameter_name = self.parameterization['parameter']['name']
parameter_values = self.parameterization['parameter']['values']
parameter_units = str(self.parameterization['parameter']['units'])
data[parameter_name] = parameter_values * UREG(parameter_units)
# number of sheets
num_sheets = len(self.parameterization['parameter']['sheets'])
# parse and concatenate parameterized data
for key in self.parameterization['data']:
units = str(self.parameterization['data'][key].get('units')) or ''
datalist = []
for n in xrange(num_sheets):
k = key + '_' + str(n)
datalist.append(data[k].reshape((1, -1)))
data.pop(k) # remove unused data keys
data[key] = np.concatenate(datalist, axis=0) * UREG(units)
return data
def apply_units_to_cache(self, data):
"""
Apply units to :class:`ParameterizedXLS` data reader.
"""
# parameter
parameter_name = self.parameters['parameter']['name']
parameter_units = str(self.parameters['parameter']['units'])
data[parameter_name] *= UREG(parameter_units)
# data
self.parameters.pop('parameter')
return super(ParameterizedXLS, self).apply_units_to_cache(data)
class MixedTextXLS(XLRDReader):
"""
Get parameters from cells mixed with text by matching regex pattern.
:raises: :exc:`~carousel.core.exceptions.MixedTextNoMatchError`
Use this reader for spreadsheets that have numerical data mixed with text.
It uses the same parameter file as :class:`XLRDReader` with two additional
keys: "pattern" and "method". The "pattern" must be a valid regex pattern.
Remember to escape backslashes. The "method" must be one of the following
regex methods from :mod:`re`:
* :func:`~re.match`
* :func:`~re.search`
* :func:`~re.split`
* :func:`~re.findall`
The default method is :func:`re.search` and the default pattern searches
for any number represented by the FORTRAN formatters "%e", "%E", "%f" or
"%g". This will find one number in any of the formats anywhere in the text
of the cell(s) read.
Example::
{
"Sheet1": {
"sigma_bypass_diode": {
"range": [15, 1],
"pattern":
"\\w+ = ([-+]?(?:\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\\d+)?)",
"method": "match"
},
"B_bypass_diode": {
"range": [16, 1],
"method": "findall"
},
"C_bypass_diode": {
"range": [17, 1],
"pattern": "\((\\d+), (\\d+), (\\d+)\)",
"method": "search"
},
"cov_bypass_diode": {
"range": [18, 1],
"pattern": "[,;]",
"method": "split"
}
}
}
These examples all read from "Sheet1". The first example matches one or
more alphanumeric characters at the beginning of the string set equal to an
integer, decimal or number in scientific notation, such as "Std = 0.4985"
from cell B16. The second example finds all numbers matching the default
pattern in cell B17. The third example searches for 3 integers in
parenthesis separated by commas anywhere in cell B18. The last example
splits a string delimited by commas and semicolons in cell B19.
If no match is found then
:exc:`~carousel.core.exceptions.MixedTextNoMatchError`
is raised. Only numbers can be read, and any single-dimensions will be
squeezed out. For example scalars will become 0-d arrays.
"""
def load_data(self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Load text data from different sheets.
"""
# load text data
data = super(MixedTextXLS, self).load_data(filename)
# iterate through sheets in parameters
for sheet_params in self.parameters.itervalues():
# iterate through the parameters on each sheet
for param, pval in sheet_params.iteritems():
pattern = pval.get('pattern', EFG_PATTERN) # get pattern
re_meth = pval.get('method', 'search') # get re method
# whitelist re methods, getattr could be considered harmful
if re_meth in RE_METH:
re_meth = getattr(re, pval.get('method', 'search'))
else:
msg = 'Only', '"%s", ' * len(RE_METH) % tuple(RE_METH)
msg += 'regex methods are allowed.'
raise AttributeError(msg)
# if not isinstance(data[param], basestring):
# re_meth = lambda p, dp: [re_meth(p, d) for d in dp]
match = re_meth(pattern, data[param]) # get matches
if match:
try:
match = match.groups()
except AttributeError:
match = [m.groups() for m in match]
npdata = np.array(match, dtype=float).squeeze()
data[param] = npdata * UREG(str(pval.get('units') or ''))
else:
raise MixedTextNoMatchError(re_meth, pattern, data[param])
return data
| 26,863 |
10534093_1
|
Caselaw Access Project
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 1,989 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 2,680 | 3,527 |
OPINION OF THE COURT
GREENBERG, Circuit Judge.
Defendant Peter Huff was indicted in the Western District of Pennsylvania in indictments 87-167 and 88-72. Indictment 87-167 was for a robbery on July 30, 1987, at the Summit Bank at Salix, Cambria County, and charged him with bank robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a), count one, assault with a dangerous weapon during the robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 2113(d), count two, and use of a handgun during the robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), count three. Indictment 88-72 was for a robbery at the Peoples Bank and Trust Company, at Jerome, Somerset County, and charged him with the same three offenses in the same sequence.
Huff was arrested on the charges in Youngstown, Ohio, on Friday, February 19, 1988, and, prior to appearance in any court on the charges, gave oral and written incul-patory statements. He subsequently pleaded not guilty to all charges. Thereafter, in each case he filed a motion to suppress his statements. He alleged that he was arrested on February 19, 1988, at 11:45 a.m. by FBI agents in Youngstown and gave an oral statement. He then requested an attorney to whom he spoke on February 19, 1988 at 1:40 p.m. On Monday, February 22, 1988, he signed written statements at 8:30 a.m. He was arraigned and made his initial appearance before a magistrate on February 22, 1988, at 11:00 a.m. In his motions, he asserted that the statements should be suppressed because his constitutional rights had been infringed when they were taken and, in this regard, he cited the delay between his arrest and arraignment.
Separate hearings were held in the proceedings under each indictment on the motions to suppress, even though the same statements were involved. On May 3, 1988, and May 5, 1988, an evidentiary hearing, at which the government and Huff himself presented witnesses, was held on indictment 87-167 before Judge Simmons who reserved decision on the motion. On June 10, 1988, a suppression hearing was held on indictment 88-72 before Judge Diamond who on that day entered an order denying the application for suppression.
On June 20, 1988, pursuant to a plea agreement, Huff, represented by an attorney, appeared before Judge Diamond in both cases and entered a plea of guilty to the second count of both indictments. The plea agreement provided that the other counts of both indictments would be dismissed and the government would not oppose a request by Huff for concurrent sentences. Judge Diamond explained to Huff that by entering a plea of guilty he would be giving up "important and significant constitutional and other legal rights" including, among others, the right "to challenge prior to trial any evidence that the government might have obtained during the course of an arrest" and "that would include any statements that you may have given to the authorities." Huff acknowledged his understanding of that. The judge also explained that if, upon reading the presentence report, he concluded that he could not sentence Huff to concurrent sentences, Huff would have the opportunity to withdraw his plea but that "under any other circumstances you will not be permitted to withdraw your plea." Huff acknowledged his understanding of that as well.
The judge carefully explained the possible sentences for the offenses and described the sentencing guidelines to Huff, as they were going to be applicable to any sentence under indictment 88-72, though they would not apply under indictment 87-167, a pre-guidelines case. He also told Huff that under the sentencing guidelines parole had been abolished so that "there will be no parole for any sentence under the guidelines."
During the plea proceedings, the Assistant United States Attorney described each robbery and Huffs participation in it. These facts included the elements of the counts to which Huff was pleading guilty. In each instance Huff acknowledged that the government's version of the events, including the weapons aspects, was accurate. Later, however, Huff said he did not have a gun at the Summit Bank. The judge then painstakingly reviewed the evidence and said that there was a sufficient factual basis for the plea notwithstanding Huffs denial that he had the gun. He did, however, say that if Huff wanted to withdraw the guilty plea on indictment 87-167 he could then do so. Huffs attorney then said: "[y]our honor, Mr. Huff has indicated to me that knowing those options, he'll go forth with the tendering of the plea." Judge Diamond then directly addressed Huff on the issue, who confirmed that it was his desire to adhere to the guilty pleas.
At the end of the proceedings, when the Assistant United States Attorney indicated that the motion to suppress was still pending before Judge Simmons under indictment 87-167, Huff's attorney, with Huff's personal approval, withdrew it. The judge then said: "You understand that there would be no other reconsideration of those by any other judge at this point?" Huff answered "Yes."
On September 16, 1988, Huff appeared for sentencing. At that time his attorney indicated that he had reviewed the presen-tence report with Huff and he had no corrections, deletions or modifications, but that Huff wished to withdraw the pleas and go to trial. He indicated that Huff wanted to litigate the issue of the volun-tariness of his statements. The judge said that he would postpone the sentencing and that Huff should file a written motion to withdraw the pleas.
On September 28, 1988, Huff filed the written motion claiming that "he is legally not guilty" and indicated that he asserted "his legal innocence." He further set forth that he wanted "full litigation" of the issue of the voluntariness of his statements and "was not aware at the time of the change of plea proceeding that further and full litigation of the issue of the voluntariness of his statements would be precluded by his pleas of guilty" and that he "was not aware when he pleaded guilty that the Sentencing Guidelines do not provide for parole and defendant was not fully aware of the extent of his exposure to possible sentences under the Guidelines." The government filed a written response opposing the motion.
Judge Diamond denied the motion in a memorandum opinion of October 11, 1988. He perceived there was no "fair and just reason" to allow Huff to withdraw his plea and said that the record showed that Huff was fully advised as to all aspects of his change of plea to guilty and understood what he was doing and acted voluntarily. The judge further pointed out that Huff was not asserting his innocence. He stated that: "indeed, after his admissions of guilt under oath during the plea colloquy and the overwhelming evidence including bank surveillance photographs depicting him com mitting at least one of the bank robberies to which he has pled guilty, and the summary of the testimony of named eyewitnesses to both crimes furnished by the government at the plea hearing, it is difficult to understand how he could do so." He noted that Huff claimed to be not "legally guilty" but this contention was not an assertion of innocence. He said that while Huff wanted to challenge the voluntariness of his statements, he abandoned that challenge when he pleaded guilty. In any event, the judge noted that the evidence against Huff was overwhelming, even without his statements.
The judge pointed out that the guidelines had been explained when Huff pleaded guilty. Overall, he saw no reason to allow the change of plea, particularly inasmuch as it was clear that Huffs desire to withdraw the plea was not motivated by his belief that he was not guilty.
Huff was sentenced on October 21, 1988 as follows. On indictment 88-72 (the guidelines case), he was sentenced to a term of 262 months, with a four-year period of supervised release to follow. In addition, the judge imposed a special assessment of $50. On indictment 87-167 (the pre-guidelines case), he was sentenced to a concurrent term of 20 years, and was required to pay a special assessment of $50. Thus, the sentence was consistent with the plea agreement. Huff then appealed.
Huffs first contention is that the district court erred in denying his motions to suppress his statements because "the delay between arrest and arraignment directly affected the voluntariness" of the statements, citing 18 U.S.C. § 3501(c). We decline to reach this issue. When Huff pleaded guilty he was clearly told that he was giving up his right to challenge the voluntariness of his statements. If Huff wanted to preserve his rights to challenge the validity of his statements on appeal, he should have refused to have pleaded guilty unless his plea was conditional under Fed. R.Crim.P. 11(a)(2). But he admits he did not do this. In the circumstances, his challenge to the voluntariness of his statements is barred. See Tollett v. Henderson, 411 U.S. 258, 267, 93 S.Ct. 1602, 1608, 36 L.Ed.2d 235 (1973); United States v. Fulford, 825 F.2d 3, 10 (3d Cir.1987).
Huffs next contention is that the judge erred in not permitting him to withdraw his plea of guilty. We review the judge's ruling on this issue under an abuse of discretion standard. United States v. Trott, 779 F.2d 912, 915 (3d Cir.1985).
A defendant must have a fair and just reason for withdrawing a plea of guilty. We look to three factors to evaluate his motion to withdraw: (1) whether the defendant asserts his innocence; (2) whether the government would be prejudiced by his withdrawal; and (3) the strength of the defendant's reason to withdraw the plea. Id. Huff contends that he asserted his innocence and should have been allowed to withdraw the plea.
We see no abuse of discretion in the judge's ruling. The surveillance photos showed that Huff had an object which could have been a gun in his hand at the Summit Bank. When Huff said that he did not have a gun, the judge offered to allow him to plead not guilty, an offer that Huff rejected. The judge, of course, made an inquiry independent of Huff's statement to establish the factual basis for the plea. Furthermore, Huff did not deny that he had been in the bank or had committed the robbery. This, then, is simply a case in which the defendant changed his mind about his plea.
We also point out that Huff stated that he wanted to withdraw his plea to challenge the voluntariness of his statements. Yet he was well aware that he waived his right to make this challenge when he entered his plea. Furthermore, Judge Diamond had already denied a motion to suppress. Finally, we observe that Huff's statement in his motion to withdraw his plea, that he did not know that parole was unavailable under the guidelines, was clearly wrong, as this point was explained when he pleaded guilty.
Huff's final contention relates to the application of the sentencing guidelines under indictment 88-72 for the robbery at the Peoples Bank. It is undisputed that Huffs total offense level is 23 and that he is a career offender as defined in sentencing guideline § 4B1.1, which establishes offense levels for career offenders dependent on the statutory maximum for the offense involved. Here the statutory maximum was 25 years or more, and thus the career criminal offense level was 34. Guideline § 4B1.1 provides that "[i]f the offense level for a career criminal from the table below [the career criminal table] is greater than the offense level otherwise applicable, the offense level from the table below shall apply." Accordingly, it is clear that offense level 34 applies. Judge Diamond so held, and he sentenced Huff to 262 months, the minimum sentence available. Nevertheless, Huff urges that the judge erred, as he should have given him a two-level deduction for acceptance of responsibility as provided in guideline § 3E1.1. Our scope of review on this guidelines construction question not involving the review of findings of fact or the exercise of discretion is plenary. See United States v. Uca, 867 F.2d 783, 786 (3d Cir.1989); United States v. Ryan, 866 F.2d 604, 610 (3d Cir.1989).
We reject Huff's contention. The career offender offense levels have been set in conformity with the mandate by Congress to the Sentencing Commission in 28 U.S.C. § 994(h) to "specify a sentence to a term of imprisonment at or near the maximum level" for the repeat offenders described therein. Thus, the description of the offenders in guideline § 4B1.1 essentially tracks that in 28 U.S.C. § 994(h). If we accepted Huff's position, we would undercut the policy set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 994(h) regarding the sentencing of persons described in that section.
Further, Huff's sentence was consistent with the guidelines as written. A total offense level takes into account more than the base offense level, here 18, under guideline § 2B3.1(a). Thus, in this case Huff's ordinary total offense level included a two-level upward adjustment based on the amount of money involved, $11,203, § 2B3.1(b)(l)(C), a three-level upward adjustment because of the brandishment, display or possession of a firearm, § 2B3.1(b)(2)(C), and a two-level increase because he was a leader or organizer in the criminal activity, § 3Bl.l(c). Accordingly, Huff's maximum level was 25, without taking into account his status as a career offender. He was, however, allowed the two-level downward adjustment for acceptance of responsibility in § 3E1.1. Thus, his ordinary total offense level was 23. The career offender table in § 4B1.1 was compared to that net ordinary total offense level and was applied as the level therein was greater than that otherwise applicable.
Inasmuch as the career offender table has no provision for adjustments, we would be no more entitled to give Huff a two-level reduction under § 3E1.1 than we would be permitted to increase his level by reason of any of the factors which led to the ordinary total offense level calculation of 23. Guideline § 4B1.1 makes no provision for a reduction for acceptance of responsibility but nevertheless requires that the level in the table be compared to an offense level which may take into account a two-level reduction for acceptance of responsibility. If an offense level established under the career offender table could be reduced by a two-level credit for acceptance of responsibility, in a case in which the career offender table was one level higher than the ordinary total offense level, a defendant accepting responsibility would benefit by being a career offender, as the two-level reduction would reduce his level to one level below that which would have been applicable if he had not been a career offender. We will not construe the guidelines in a manner which may lead to an absurd consequence. See Government of Virgin Islands v. Berry, 604 F.2d 221, 225 (3d Cir.1979).
In reaching our result, we have not overlooked the circumstance that the upward adjustments which cannot be added to the level established by the § 4B1.1 table relate directly to the defendant's conduct in the commission of the offense, whereas the downward adjustment for acceptance of responsibility does not. Rather, we do not see why that matters as the Sentencing Commission has made no provisions for adjustments to the § 4B1.1 table in either event. Instead it has treated the table as establishing net levels.
Finally, we point out that in § 4B1.3 the Sentencing Commission has expressly provided that the § 3E1.1 decrease could be applicable for acceptance of responsibility by a defendant who committed an offense as part of a pattern of criminal conduct. The placement of this section in the same part, Part B-Career Offenders and Criminal Livelihood, of Chapter Four, Criminal History and Criminal Livelihood, tends to indicate that the Commission did not intend § 3E1.1 to apply in cases under § 4B1.1.
The judgments of sentence of October 21, 1988, will be affirmed.
. Actually, his motion was not denied in 87-167. Rather, it was withdrawn.
. The judge concluded as a matter of law that the acceptance of responsibility deduction was inapplicable. He did not rule that on the facts Huff did not accept responsibility..
| 24,211 |
https://github.com/kamekazemaster/cp-boilerplate/blob/master/gulp/config.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,016 |
cp-boilerplate
|
kamekazemaster
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 271 | 1,267 |
'use strict';
var serverconf = require('../server/config.json');
module.exports = {
'styles': {
'src' : ['app/styles/main.less'],
'watch': ['app/styles/**/*.less'],
'dest': 'build/dist'
},
'bootstrap': {
'src': 'node_modules/bootstrap/fonts/*',
'dest': 'build/dist/fonts'
},
'flagIcon': {
'src': 'node_modules/flag-icon-css/flags/**/*',
'dest': 'build/dist/flags'
},
'nodeFonts': {
'src': 'server/misc/fonts/**/*',
'dest': 'build/server/misc/fonts'
},
'fonts': {
'src': 'app/assets/fonts/**/*',
'dest': 'build/dist/fonts'
},
'nodeScripts': {
'src' : [
'!server/**/*.spec.js',
'!server/server.js',
'!server/start.js',
'server/**/*.js',
'server/**/*.json'
],
'dest': 'build/server'
},
'scripts': {
'preprocess': {
'watch': [
'app/js/main.preprocess.js'
]
},
'src': [
'app/js/**/*.js',
'!app/js/**/*.spec.js',
'!app/js/**/*.e2e.js'
],
'dest': 'build/dist'
},
//written to support ngNewRouter, may be used in future
'components': {
'src': 'app/js/routing/components/**/*.html',
'dest': 'build/components'
},
'images': {
'watch': [
'app/assets/images/**/*'
],
'src' : 'app/assets/images/**/*',
'dest': 'build/dist/images'
},
'misc': {
'src' : 'app/misc/**/*',
'dest': 'build/dist/'
},
'views': {
'cache': {
'watch': [
'app/js/**/*.cache.html'
]
},
'watch': [
'app/index.html'
],
'src': 'app/js/**/*.html',
'dest': 'app/js'
},
'dist': {
'root' : 'build'
},
'browserify': {
'entries' : ['app/js/main.js'],
'bundleName': 'main.js',
'sourcemap': true
},
'preprocess': {
// include LiveReload in app/js/main.js if development environment is running
'src': ['app/js/main.preprocess.js'],
'dest': 'app/js',
'rename': 'main'
},
'test': {
'karma': {
'file': 'karma.conf.js',
'host': 'localhost',
'port': 9876
}
},
'nodeunit': {
'files': [
'!server/**/*.spec.js',
'server/*.js',
'server/modules/**/*',
'server/extensions/**/*'
],
'testfiles': 'server/**/*spec.js',
'log': 'logs/nodeunit.test.xml',
'coverage': 'logs/node_coverage'
},
'lint': {
'src' : [
'app/js/**/*.js',
'!app/js/templatecache.js',
'server/modules/*',
'server/extensions/**/*',
'server/*.js',
'gulp/**/*.js'
],
'logFile': 'logs/eshint_result.xml'
},
'logs': {
'src': 'logs/**/*',
'keep': '!logs/.gitkeep'
},
'devServer': {
// if following files change node is being restarted
'watchDirectory': 'server/',
'watchIgnorePatterns': ['*.spec.js'],
'server': 'server/start.js'
},
'templateCache': {
// cache following files for angular strap
'src': 'app/js/**/*.cache.html',
'dest': 'app/js'
},
'translations': {
'watch': [
'app/misc/i18n/*'
],
'src': 'app/misc/i18n/*',
'dest': 'build/dist/i18n/'
}
};
// Add serverconfig to global config
module.exports.server = serverconf.server;
| 28,344 |
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramaka%20antonii
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Paramaka antonii
|
https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paramaka antonii&action=history
|
Dutch
|
Spoken
| 39 | 67 |
Paramaka antonii is een haft uit de familie Leptophlebiidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 2005 door Sartori.
De soort komt voor in het Neotropisch gebied.
Leptophlebiidae
Dier uit het Neotropisch gebied
| 48,735 |
https://github.com/riverite/chromium/blob/master/src/chrome/browser/web_applications/bookmark_apps/system_web_app_manager_unittest.cc
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,018 |
chromium
|
riverite
|
C++
|
Code
| 410 | 2,105 |
// Copyright 2018 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "chrome/browser/web_applications/bookmark_apps/system_web_app_manager.h"
#include <memory>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include "base/run_loop.h"
#include "base/test/scoped_feature_list.h"
#include "base/values.h"
#include "chrome/browser/prefs/browser_prefs.h"
#include "chrome/browser/web_applications/components/pending_app_manager.h"
#include "chrome/browser/web_applications/components/test_pending_app_manager.h"
#include "chrome/browser/web_applications/components/web_app_constants.h"
#include "chrome/browser/web_applications/extensions/web_app_extension_ids_map.h"
#include "chrome/browser/web_applications/web_app_provider.h"
#include "chrome/common/chrome_features.h"
#include "chrome/common/pref_names.h"
#include "chrome/test/base/chrome_render_view_host_test_harness.h"
#include "chrome/test/base/testing_profile.h"
#include "components/crx_file/id_util.h"
#include "components/sync_preferences/testing_pref_service_syncable.h"
#include "extensions/browser/extension_registry.h"
#include "extensions/common/extension_builder.h"
#include "testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h"
#include "url/gurl.h"
namespace web_app {
namespace {
const char kWindowedUrl[] = "https://windowed.example";
const char kTabbedUrl[] = "https://tabbed.example";
const char kDefaultContainerUrl[] = "https://default-container.example";
PendingAppManager::AppInfo GetWindowedAppInfo() {
return PendingAppManager::AppInfo(
GURL(kWindowedUrl), LaunchContainer::kWindow,
InstallSource::kSystemInstalled, false /* create_shortcuts */);
}
PendingAppManager::AppInfo GetTabbedAppInfo() {
return PendingAppManager::AppInfo(GURL(kTabbedUrl), LaunchContainer::kTab,
InstallSource::kSystemInstalled,
false /* create_shortcuts */);
}
} // namespace
class TestSystemWebAppManager : public SystemWebAppManager {
public:
TestSystemWebAppManager(Profile* profile,
PendingAppManager* pending_app_manager,
std::vector<PendingAppManager::AppInfo> system_apps)
: SystemWebAppManager(profile, pending_app_manager),
system_apps_(std::move(system_apps)) {}
~TestSystemWebAppManager() override {}
std::vector<PendingAppManager::AppInfo> CreateSystemWebApps() override {
return std::move(system_apps_);
}
private:
std::vector<PendingAppManager::AppInfo> system_apps_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TestSystemWebAppManager);
};
class SystemWebAppManagerTest : public ChromeRenderViewHostTestHarness {
public:
SystemWebAppManagerTest() = default;
~SystemWebAppManagerTest() override = default;
void SetUp() override {
ChromeRenderViewHostTestHarness::SetUp();
scoped_feature_list_.InitWithFeatures({features::kSystemWebApps}, {});
// Reset WebAppProvider so that its SystemWebAppManager doesn't interfere
// with tests.
WebAppProvider::Get(profile())->Reset();
}
void SimulatePreviouslyInstalledApp(
TestPendingAppManager* pending_app_manager,
GURL url,
InstallSource install_source) {
std::string id =
crx_file::id_util::GenerateId("fake_app_id_for:" + url.spec());
extensions::ExtensionRegistry::Get(profile())->AddEnabled(
extensions::ExtensionBuilder("Dummy Name").SetID(id).Build());
ExtensionIdsMap extension_ids_map(profile()->GetPrefs());
extension_ids_map.Insert(url, id, install_source);
pending_app_manager->SimulatePreviouslyInstalledApp(url, install_source);
}
private:
base::test::ScopedFeatureList scoped_feature_list_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(SystemWebAppManagerTest);
};
// Test that System Apps are uninstalled with the feature disabled.
TEST_F(SystemWebAppManagerTest, Disabled) {
base::test::ScopedFeatureList disable_feature_list;
disable_feature_list.InitWithFeatures({}, {features::kSystemWebApps});
auto pending_app_manager = std::make_unique<TestPendingAppManager>();
SimulatePreviouslyInstalledApp(pending_app_manager.get(), GURL(kWindowedUrl),
InstallSource::kSystemInstalled);
std::vector<PendingAppManager::AppInfo> system_apps;
system_apps.push_back(GetWindowedAppInfo());
TestSystemWebAppManager system_web_app_manager(
profile(), pending_app_manager.get(), std::move(system_apps));
base::RunLoop().RunUntilIdle();
EXPECT_TRUE(pending_app_manager->install_requests().empty());
// We should try to uninstall the app that is no longer in the System App
// list.
EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<GURL>({GURL(kWindowedUrl)}),
pending_app_manager->uninstall_requests());
}
// Test that System Apps do install with the feature enabled.
TEST_F(SystemWebAppManagerTest, Enabled) {
auto pending_app_manager = std::make_unique<TestPendingAppManager>();
std::vector<PendingAppManager::AppInfo> system_apps;
system_apps.push_back(GetWindowedAppInfo());
system_apps.push_back(GetTabbedAppInfo());
TestSystemWebAppManager system_web_app_manager(
profile(), pending_app_manager.get(), std::move(system_apps));
base::RunLoop().RunUntilIdle();
const auto& apps_to_install = pending_app_manager->install_requests();
EXPECT_FALSE(apps_to_install.empty());
}
// Test that changing the set of System Apps uninstalls apps.
TEST_F(SystemWebAppManagerTest, UninstallAppInstalledInPreviousSession) {
auto pending_app_manager = std::make_unique<TestPendingAppManager>();
// Simulate System Apps and a regular app that were installed in the
// previous session.
SimulatePreviouslyInstalledApp(pending_app_manager.get(), GURL(kWindowedUrl),
InstallSource::kSystemInstalled);
SimulatePreviouslyInstalledApp(pending_app_manager.get(), GURL(kTabbedUrl),
InstallSource::kSystemInstalled);
SimulatePreviouslyInstalledApp(pending_app_manager.get(),
GURL(kDefaultContainerUrl),
InstallSource::kInternal);
std::vector<PendingAppManager::AppInfo> system_apps;
system_apps.push_back(GetWindowedAppInfo());
TestSystemWebAppManager system_web_app_manager(
profile(), pending_app_manager.get(), std::move(system_apps));
base::RunLoop().RunUntilIdle();
// We should only try to install the app in the System App list.
std::vector<PendingAppManager::AppInfo> expected_apps_to_install;
expected_apps_to_install.push_back(GetWindowedAppInfo());
EXPECT_EQ(pending_app_manager->install_requests(), expected_apps_to_install);
// We should try to uninstall the app that is no longer in the System App
// list.
EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<GURL>({GURL(kTabbedUrl)}),
pending_app_manager->uninstall_requests());
}
} // namespace web_app
| 37,590 |
https://github.com/fangningshao/chinese-poetry-corpus/blob/master/data/明/poems/许篈.tsv
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,017 |
chinese-poetry-corpus
|
fangningshao
|
TSV
|
Code
| 8 | 624 |
镜囊词（明·许篈） 江上女儿当窗织，染得深潭千丈黑。什袭珍包入尚方，五丁输取归东国。几年箱箧有馀香，为君裁作明镜囊。囊里青铜明似月，镜中玉貌春花光。青铜可磨石可转，惟有此心终不变。欲识中情长忆君，日日揭囊看镜面。
感遇（明·许篈） 君好堤边柳，妾好岭头松。柳絮忽飘荡，随风无定踪。不如岁寒姿，青青傲穷冬。好恶苦不定，忧心徒忡忡。
牵情引（明·许篈） 熊州楼观飞云外，白简霜威凌皂盖。组练三千引绣衣，罗裙二八鸣珠带。九华之帐香氤氲，寂寂琼楼午夜分。苎里佳人娇荐枕，巫山仙子渺行云。牵情梦罢看归路，别恨迢迢隔烟雾。妾心苦作藕中丝，郎意何如荷上露。锦水东西杨柳新，往来愁杀断肠人。欲将心事寄青鸟，芳草年年空复春。
出山别元参学（明·许篈） 花宫星斗寒相映，叠叠春山闻夜磬。楚客初招万里魂，胡僧暂起经年定。王孙绿草渐芳菲，松月留人归未归。欢喜岭头丛桂暗，芙蓉峰下怪禽飞。荷衣蕙带宿云湿，宝殿沉沉鬼神泣。明日朝阳江上行，知君惆怅溪头立。
| 50,418 |
https://github.com/aws-samples/aws-net-guides/blob/master/Serverless/Serverless App with Dynamic Step Functions/functions/DomainModel/EventBridgeEvent/S3Object.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0, MIT
| 2,023 |
aws-net-guides
|
aws-samples
|
C#
|
Code
| 147 | 325 |
// <copyright file="S3Object.cs" company="PlaceholderCompany">
// Copyright (c) PlaceholderCompany. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>
namespace DomainModel.EventBridgeEvent
{
/// <summary>
/// This class represents an S3 object.
/// </summary>
public class S3Object
{
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the key for the object stored in S3.
/// </summary>
public string? Key { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the size of the object.
/// </summary>
public int Size { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the etag of the object.
/// </summary>
public string? ETag { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the version ID of the object.
/// </summary>
#if NETCOREAPP_3_1
[System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonPropertyName("version-id")]
#endif
public string? VersionId { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets a string used to determine event sequence in PUTs and DELETEs.
/// </summary>
public string? Sequencer { get; set; }
}
}
| 19,856 |
https://github.com/xiafuyang2004/ACEFileService/blob/master/ace/Registry_Name_Space.cpp
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
ACEFileService
|
xiafuyang2004
|
C++
|
Code
| 693 | 2,474 |
// $Id: Registry_Name_Space.cpp 84455 2009-02-13 13:31:02Z johnnyw $
#include "ace/Registry_Name_Space.h"
ACE_RCSID(ace, Registry_Name_Space, "$Id: Registry_Name_Space.cpp 84455 2009-02-13 13:31:02Z johnnyw $")
#if (defined (ACE_WIN32) && defined (ACE_USES_WCHAR))
// This only works on Win32 platforms when ACE_USES_WCHAR is turned on
ACE_BEGIN_VERSIONED_NAMESPACE_DECL
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::ACE_Registry_Name_Space (void)
{
}
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::ACE_Registry_Name_Space (ACE_Name_Options *name_options)
{
if (this->open (name_options) != 0)
ACE_ERROR ((LM_ERROR, ACE_TEXT ("%p\n"),
ACE_TEXT ("ACE_Registry_Name_Space::open")));
}
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::~ACE_Registry_Name_Space (void)
{
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::open (ACE_Name_Options *name_options)
{
const ACE_TCHAR *host = name_options->nameserver_host ();
ACE_Registry::Naming_Context predefined;
int result = ACE_Predefined_Naming_Contexts::connect (predefined,
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
host);
if (result != 0)
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR, ACE_TEXT ("%p\n"),
ACE_TEXT ("ACE_Predefined_Naming_Context::connect")),
result);
else
{
// Directory
ACE_TString name = name_options->namespace_dir ();
// Separator
name += ACE_Registry::STRING_SEPARATOR;
// Filename
name += name_options->database ();
// Create new context or bind to existing one
result = predefined.bind_context (name,
this->context_);
if (result != 0)
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR, ACE_TEXT ("%p\n"), ACE_TEXT ("ACE_Registry::Naming_Context::bind_context")), result);
}
return 0;
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::bind (const ACE_NS_WString &name,
const ACE_NS_WString &value,
const char *type)
{
ACE_UNUSED_ARG(type);
// Pointer to data
const ACE_WSTRING_TYPE *data = value.fast_rep ();
// Size
size_t size = value.length () * sizeof (ACE_WSTRING_TYPE);
// Represent value as an ACE_Registry::Object
ACE_Registry::Object object ((void *) data,
static_cast<u_long> (size),
REG_SZ);
// Add new <key>/<value> pair
#if defined ACE_USES_WCHAR
return this->context_.bind (name.fast_rep(),
object);
#else
return this->context_.bind (name.char_rep(),
object);
#endif /* ACE_HAS_WCHAR */
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::rebind (const ACE_NS_WString &name,
const ACE_NS_WString &value,
const char *type)
{
ACE_UNUSED_ARG(type);
// Pointer to data
const ACE_WSTRING_TYPE *data = value.fast_rep ();
// Size
size_t size = value.length () * sizeof (ACE_WSTRING_TYPE);
// Represent value as an ACE_Registry::Object
ACE_Registry::Object object ((void *) data,
static_cast<u_long> (size),
REG_SZ);
// Add new <key>/<value> pair
#if defined (ACE_USES_WCHAR)
return this->context_.rebind (name.fast_rep (),
object);
#else
return this->context_.rebind (name.char_rep (),
object);
#endif /* ACE_USES_WCHAR */
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::unbind (const ACE_NS_WString &name)
{
#if defined (ACE_USES_WCHAR)
return this->context_.unbind (name.fast_rep ());
#else
return this->context_.unbind (name.char_rep ());
#endif /* ACE_USES_WCHAR */
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::resolve (const ACE_NS_WString &name,
ACE_NS_WString &value,
char *&type)
{
ACE_UNUSED_ARG(type);
// This object will be used to query the size of the data.
// Note: The query_object.data will be null for this invocation.
ACE_Registry::Object query_object;
int result =
#if defined (ACE_USES_WCHAR)
this->context_.resolve (name.fast_rep (), query_object);
#else
this->context_.resolve (name.char_rep (), query_object);
#endif /* ACE_USES_WCHAR */
if (result != 0)
return result;
// Resize the value passed by the user
// Note: -1 is used because the size includes the null terminator
value.resize ((query_object.size () - 1) / sizeof (ACE_WSTRING_TYPE));
// Represent new space as an ACE_Registry::Object
ACE_Registry::Object object ((void *) value.fast_rep (),
query_object.size (),
REG_SZ);
#if defined (ACE_USES_WCHAR)
result = this->context_.resolve (name.fast_rep (), object);
#else
result = this->context_.resolve (name.char_rep (), object);
#endif /* ACE_USES_WCHAR */
if (object.size () != query_object.size ())
return -1;
if (result != 0)
return result;
return 0;
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space:: list_names (ACE_WSTRING_SET &set,
const ACE_NS_WString &pattern)
{
ACE_BINDING_SET binding_set;
int result = this->list_name_entries (binding_set,
pattern);
if (result != 0)
return result;
ACE_BINDING_ITERATOR iterator (binding_set);
for (ACE_Name_Binding *entry = 0;
iterator.next (entry) !=0;
iterator.advance())
{
set.insert (entry->name_);
}
return 0;
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::list_values (ACE_WSTRING_SET &set,
const ACE_NS_WString &pattern)
{
ACE_BINDING_SET binding_set;
int result = this->list_name_entries (binding_set,
pattern);
if (result != 0)
return result;
ACE_BINDING_ITERATOR iterator (binding_set);
for (ACE_Name_Binding *entry = 0;
iterator.next (entry) !=0;
iterator.advance())
{
set.insert (entry->value_);
}
return 0;
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::list_types (ACE_WSTRING_SET &set,
const ACE_NS_WString &pattern)
{
ACE_UNUSED_ARG(set);
ACE_UNUSED_ARG(pattern);
return 0;
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::list_name_entries (ACE_BINDING_SET &set,
const ACE_NS_WString &pattern)
{
ACE_UNUSED_ARG(pattern);
ACE_Registry::Binding_List list;
int result = this->context_.list (list);
if (result != 0)
return result;
// Iterator through all entries
for (ACE_Registry::Binding_List::iterator i = list.begin ();
i != list.end ();
i++)
{
// Yeeesss! STL rules!
ACE_Registry::Binding &binding = *i;
if (binding.type () == ACE_Registry::OBJECT)
{
// Key
ACE_TString string = binding.name ();
ACE_NS_WString key (string.c_str ());
// Value
ACE_NS_WString value;
char *type = 0;
result = this->resolve (key,
value,
type);
if (result != 0)
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
ACE_TEXT ("%p\n"),
ACE_TEXT ("ACE_Registry::Naming_Context::resolve")),
result);
// Complete binding
ACE_Name_Binding binding (key, value, type);
set.insert (binding);
}
}
return 0;
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::list_value_entries (ACE_BINDING_SET &set,
const ACE_NS_WString &pattern)
{
return this->list_name_entries (set, pattern);
}
int
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::list_type_entries (ACE_BINDING_SET &set,
const ACE_NS_WString &pattern)
{
return this->list_name_entries (set, pattern);
}
void
ACE_Registry_Name_Space::dump (void) const
{
#if defined (ACE_HAS_DUMP)
#endif /* ACE_HAS_DUMP */
}
ACE_END_VERSIONED_NAMESPACE_DECL
#endif /* ACE_WIN32 && ACE_USES_WCHAR */
| 47,365 |
https://github.com/github188/wapWY/blob/master/themes/classic/fx/js/main.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,016 |
wapWY
|
github188
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 520 | 2,434 |
// JavaScript Document
//iframe框架高度自适应
function autoResize(id, a) {
var objiframe = $('#' + id);
if (isNaN(a)) {
a = 0;
}
$(objiframe).height(a);
var finalHeight = $(objiframe).contents().height();
$(objiframe).height(finalHeight);
}
//弹出框居中方法
function _pop(id) {
var obj = $('#' + id);
var _w = $(window).width() //浏览器窗口宽度
var _h = $(window).height() //浏览器窗口高度
var _offsetW = obj.width(); //获取弹出框的宽度
var _offsetH = obj.height(); //获取弹出框的高度
var _left = (_w - _offsetW) / 2;
var _top = (_h - _offsetH) / 2;
obj.css({ 'left': _left, 'top': _top });
}
//当form表单回车后，回车失效
function shadowPop() {
$("#popShadow").show();
$("#pop").show();
_pop("pop");
}
//关闭弹出框
function closePop(id) {
var obj = $("#" + id);
$("#popShadow").hide();
$("#pop").hide();
$("#barCode").focus();
}
//只允许输入整数和小数点
//调用方式：onkeydown = "onlyNum(this,event)"
//8：退格键; 46：delete; 37-40: 方向键
//48-57:小键盘区的数字； 96-105：主键盘区的数字
//110\190:小键盘区和主键盘区的小数
function onlyNum(el, ev) {
var event = ev || window.event;
var currentKey = event.charCode || event.keyCode; //ie、FF下获取键盘码
//当输入的值为空，按回车是提示输入用户输入金额
if (ev.keyCode == 13 && el.value == "") {
alert("请输入收款金额");
} else if (ev.keyCode == 13 && document.activeElement.id == "amount") { //禁用回车事件
$("#barCode").focus();
shadowPop(); //弹出框居中显示方法
return false; //禁用回车事件
}
//除了48~57,96~105,两个小数点，左右键，退格键外其他的键不能输入
if (!((currentKey >= 48 && currentKey <= 57) || (currentKey >= 96 && currentKey <= 105) || (currentKey == 110 && el.value.indexOf(".") < 0) || (currentKey == 190 && el.value.indexOf(".") < 0) || currentKey == 37 || currentKey == 39 || currentKey == 8)) {
if (window.event) {
event.returnValue = false;
} else {
event.preventDefault();
}
}
}
//初始化高度自适应
function autoHeight(a, b, c) {
var obj_a = $("." + a); //头部
var obj_b = $("." + b); //主体部分
var obj_c = $("." + c); //尾部
obj_b.css({ "min-height": $(document).height() - obj_a.height() - obj_c.outerHeight() });
};
$(function() {
autoHeight('kkf_loginBD', 'kkf_loginBD', 'footer');
autoHeight('header', 'kkfmain', 'footer');
})
function navClick(obj) {
if (!document.getElementsByTagName) return false;
if (!document.getElementById) return false;
if (!document.getElementById("handles1")) return false;
obj.className = "current";
var id;
var divId;
var linkid;
var handle = document.getElementById("handles1");
var links = handle.getElementsByTagName("a");
for (i = 1; i <= links.length; i++) {
id = "nav" + i;
linkid = document.getElementById(id);
divid = document.getElementById("b9e43e-" + i);
if (id != obj.id) {
linkid.className = "lnk";
divid.style.display = "none";
} else {
divid.style.display = "block";
}
}
}
var main_obj = {
list_init: function() {
//编辑操作
var pos;
$('.operate').hover(
function() {
//得到当前对象距离底部的距离
var pos = $(document).height() - $(this).offset().top;
//当前对象隐藏的子对象的高度
var height = $(this).find("dd").height();
//判断假如显示层高度大于该层里底部的距离，则加“oper_hover_up”，否则则加“oper_hover”
if (height > pos) {
$(this).css({ "z-index": 11 }).addClass('oper_hover_up');
} else {
$(this).css({ "z-index": 11 }).addClass('oper_hover');
}
},
function() {
if ($(this).hasClass("oper_hover_up")) {
$(this).css({ "z-index": 10 }).removeClass('oper_hover_up')
}
if ($(this).hasClass("oper_hover")) {
$(this).css({ "z-index": 10 }).removeClass('oper_hover')
}
}
);
$(".operate a").click(function() {
var html = $(this).html();
$(this).blur();
//$(this).parent().prev().html(html + '<b></b>');
$(this).parents("dl").removeClass('oper_hover');
/*点击下拉“标签”项，获取它父级dl的偏移值,赋给显示值tagAdd的top,left值
* pos.left-tagAdd.outerWidth()-$(this).parents("dl").outerWidth()/2 - 14 = 左边偏移值-弹出层的宽度-弹出层的箭头的宽度-下拉框2分之一的宽度
* */
var tagAdd = $(this).parents("td").find(".tagAdd")
var pos= $(this).parents("dl").offset();
var posL = pos.left-tagAdd.outerWidth()-14-$(this).parents("dl").outerWidth()/2;
var posT = pos.top-tagAdd.outerHeight()-8-$(this).parents("dl").outerHeight();
//得到当前对象距离底部的距离
var position = $(document).height() - $(this).parents("dl").offset().top;
if(html == "标签"){
if(tagAdd && position>tagAdd.outerHeight()){
$(".tagAdd").removeClass("tagAddOther").hide();
tagAdd.css({left:posL,top:posT }).show()
}else{
$(".tagAdd").removeClass("tagAddOther").hide();
tagAdd.css({left:posL,top:posT-200 }).show().addClass("tagAddOther")
}
}
});
$(".tagAdd .btn_com_gray").click(function(){
$(this).parents(".tagAdd").hide();
})
}
}
/* 报错 */
$(function() {
function errorShow() {
$(".n-error").slideDown().stop(true,true).delay(1000).slideUp();
};
$(".login-btn").click(function() {
errorShow();
})
$(document).keydown(function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 13) {
errorShow();
}
})
//模拟多选框点击效果
$(".checkboxAnalog").click(function() {
if ($(this).hasClass("checkboxChecked")) {
$(this).removeClass("checkboxChecked");
$(this).children("input").prop("checked",false);
} else {
$(this).addClass("checkboxChecked");
$(this).children("input").prop("checked",true);
}
})
/*业务概述-交易管理里 展开或收缩收款内容*/
$(".td-flexible").click(function(){
if($(this).find("em").hasClass("arrowUp")){
$(this).parent().parent().find(".BTListSecend").show();
$(this).find("em").removeClass("arrowUp").addClass("arrowDown");
}else if($(this).find("em").hasClass("arrowDown")){
$(this).parent().parent().find(".BTListSecend").hide();
$(this).find("em").removeClass("arrowDown").addClass("arrowUp");
}
})
})
| 38,262 |
https://github.com/xy-planning-network/trees/blob/master/src/lib-components/layout/StackedLayout.vue
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
trees
|
xy-planning-network
|
Vue
|
Code
| 436 | 1,827 |
<script setup lang="ts">
import Flash from "../overlays/Flash.vue"
import Spinner from "../overlays/Spinner.vue"
import {
Disclosure,
DisclosureButton,
DisclosurePanel,
Menu,
MenuButton,
MenuItem,
MenuItems,
} from "@headlessui/vue"
import { MenuIcon, UserCircleIcon, XIcon } from "@heroicons/vue/outline"
import * as NavTypes from "@/composables/nav"
import User from "@/composables/user"
const props = withDefaults(
defineProps<{
activeURL?: string
currentUser: User
iconURL: string
navigation: NavTypes.Item[]
userNavigation: NavTypes.Item[]
}>(),
{
activeURL: "",
}
)
const isActive = (url: string): boolean => {
return props.activeURL === url
}
</script>
<template>
<div class="min-h-screen bg-gray-100">
<Disclosure as="nav" class="bg-white shadow-sm" v-slot="{ open }">
<div class="mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
<div class="flex justify-between h-16">
<div class="flex">
<div class="flex-shrink-0 flex items-center">
<img class="block h-8 w-auto" :src="iconURL" alt="XY Trees" />
</div>
<div class="hidden sm:-my-px sm:ml-6 sm:flex sm:space-x-8">
<a
v-for="item in navigation"
:key="item.name"
:href="item.url"
:class="[
isActive(item.url)
? 'border-blue-500 text-gray-900'
: 'border-transparent text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 hover:border-blue-500',
'inline-flex items-center px-1 pt-1 border-b-2 text-sm font-semibold',
]"
:aria-current="isActive(item.url) ? 'page' : undefined"
>{{ item.name }}</a
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="hidden sm:ml-6 sm:flex sm:items-center">
<!-- Profile dropdown -->
<Menu as="div" class="ml-3 relative">
<div>
<MenuButton
class="bg-white flex text-sm rounded-full focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
>
<span class="sr-only">Open user menu</span>
<UserCircleIcon class="text-gray-500 h-8 w-8 rounded-full" />
</MenuButton>
</div>
<transition
enter-active-class="transition ease-out duration-200"
enter-from-class="transform opacity-0 scale-95"
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| 9,038 |
US-201514961109-A_2
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,015 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 680 | 772 |
6. The transporter table system of claim 5 further comprising: (a) means for retaining the flex pad atop the first plate surface; and (b) means for retaining the flex pad atop the second plate surface.
7. The transporter table system of claim 6 wherein the means for retaining the flex pad atop the first plate surface comprises a first drive arrangement, the first drive arrangement including: (a) a pair of first stop handles rotatably mounted to the first table top, each of the first stop handles having a first stop handle drive shaft connected to an end of each of the first stop handles and extending along opposing sides of the first table top; (b) at least one first gear wheel axially mounted on each of the first stop handle drive shafts; (c) at least one first stop plate vertically movable on opposing sides of the first plate surface, each of the at least one first stop plates corresponding to an associated first gear wheel and in mechanical communication therewith, wherein each of the at least one first stop plates are raised and lowered when the first stop handles are turned in respective directions.
8. The transporter table system of claim 6 wherein the means for retaining the flex pad atop of second plate surface comprises a second drive arrangement, the second drive arrangement including: (a) a pair of second stop handles rotatably mounted to the second table top, each of the second stop handles having a second stop handle drive shaft connected to an end of each of the second stop handles and extending along opposing sides of the second table top; (b) at least one second gear wheel axially mounted on each of the second stop handle drive shafts; (c) at least one second stop plate vertically movable on opposing sides of the second plate surface, each of the at least one second stop plates corresponding to an associated second gear wheel and in mechanical communication therewith, wherein each of the at least one second stop plates are raised and lowered when the second stop handles are turned in respective directions.
9. The transporter table of claim 1 further comprising means for locking the transporter table to the surgical table.
10. The transporter table system of claim 9 wherein the means for locking further comprises: (a) at least one pair of coupling elements rotatably mounted to opposing ends of the first table top and interconnected by a first rod extending along a side of the transporter table; (b) at least one pair of first spring loaded locking pins, each of the at least one pair of locking pins securing an associated coupling element in a horizontal and vertical position; (c) at least one pair of second spring loaded locking pins, each of the at least one pair of second locking pins securing an associated coupling element in a horizontal position to the second table top.
11. The transporter table system of claim 10 further comprising: (a) a first pull handle mounted below the first table top in communication with each of the first locking pins by a plurality of first cables, wherein pulling the first pull handle releases each of the first locking pins from engagement with the coupling elements; and (b) a second pull handle mounted below the second table top in communication with each of the second locking pins by a plurality of second cables, wherein pulling the second pull handle releases each of the second locking pins from engagement with the coupling elements.
12. The transporter table system of claim 10 wherein each of the coupling elements further comprises: (a) a first detent engaging a first locator pin when each of the coupling elements are in the horizontal position, the first locator pin disposed on the first table top; and (b) a second detent engaging a second locator pin when each of the coupling elements are in the horizontal position and the transporter table and surgical table are abutted against, the second locator pin disposed on the second table top proximate the second locking pin..
| 39,029 |
https://github.com/gemmagentles/vernon-wp/blob/master/wp-content/themes/vernontheme/partials/generic-hero.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
vernon-wp
|
gemmagentles
|
PHP
|
Code
| 12 | 61 |
<div class="generic-hero__wrapper">
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<h1 class="generic-hero__heading"><?php the_field( 'heading' ); ?></h1>
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| 10,704 |
sim_new-annual-register_1802_26
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,802 |
The New Annual Register 1802
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,583 | 9,939 |
Mr. Elliott seconded the motion. The chancellor of the exchequer said, it was not his intention at this time, to comment on all the to- pics brought forward by his honours able friend: he had but one olyjec- tion to the motion, and that he should presently state to the house : and he assured them he felt great Satisfaction at the motion now made, in substance, because it af- forded to his majesty’s ministers an opportunity of entering into an ex- planation, and which he trusted would be accompanied by a com- plete justification of every part of their conduct during the late nego- tiation at Amiens. The first point he touched on, was the surrender of Porto Ferrajo to the French, which Mr. Windham had stated to be in direct contradiction of the ex- press stipulations of the treaty of Luneville. This, he said, was an act that was net done by his majesty’s ministers: the surrender of the kingdom of Etroria was a concession made by a sovereign power, fully competent to make such a conces- V3 sion. —— z eng ee ae Se = os 2 ie 1 og. ™ ee ee ae Ee aS a cae Ainge oe Gi ei a for On el? ~ 294 BRITIS sion. Respecting the Irench terri- tory in Guiana, he referred toa con- versation which took place ia that house upon the subject of the treaty of Badajos, and of the treaty of MM drid : it was then stated that the French territory in this pert of tne globe was to be limited by the treaty of Madrid, auc not by th itof Radajos, which many meinbers of that hou-e objected to, not as being favourable to Portugal. And in fact, the Por- themselves were of that opmon. Mr. Windham had said, that die French insisted on the treaty of Madrid, for the mere purpose of making @ merit of giving it up, and abandoning that treaty. The fact was, that this country, anti- Cipating the pressure likely to be felt by that eoontiy, before the knowledge of the signing of the pre- Jimiuary treaty and the conces ions likely to be made in consequence tuguese ! ‘ wr > OF Unat pressure, mace an eCxXpress ‘ stipuiotion that the limits of the French posses sions in Guiana should be as upre d upon by the treaty of Badajos, but thek uropean boundary siould be fixed by the treaty of Madnd. He was ready to agree with his mght honourable friend that the interests of Europe were snateriall'y connected with the tn- teres of America, both north and south, but he could not agree that by the establishment of the French in Louisiana, they would obtain the powern hich it had been asSetted they would over the whole of that part of the globe. Respecting any new circumstances whith had attended the staie of parties, since signing the preliniinaries, such as the state of the Italian republic, and the armament which had beet sent to St. Domingo, he could only say, that with regard ‘to the first, it could vot be otherwise than re- garded with anxiety by those who thought the power of France too great, or who felt, as men must H AND feel fur the independence of ihe rest of Europe. fiiend had taken a very ample field? without entering iato the parte culars @” his statement, he had the Salisfaction to know, that the = FOREIGN deeply interested of the spirit of by which tese themselves, in the execution this article of the treaty, 2 .s they were to be maint ined in their station, did not par ake of the senti- ments of hisright he rourable friend: theirs were those of satisfaction and eratitade to Great-Britain for the cerms procured them, W ith regard to the word sovereignty, if it was an improper word to be insert ‘d in the definitive treaty, his mayjesiy’s ministers had no exe¢use, for he believed the word was adopted, not by the French, but by the British government. He added, that he had conversed with many of those, who certainly had the best means of being qualified to torm a correct opinica upon tae subject, and thry thought that no disadvantage was likely to result to Great-Britain trom the « hange which was adopted in this respect. As to the omission of treaties, his majesty’s miwisters were thoroughly convinced, that onder the present state of Europe, and all the circumstances of the cose, they took a part which was adapted to the real interest of Eu- rope in general, and to his majes- ty’s dominions in particular, by ab- staining from the renewal of any treaties of commerce whatever. Mr. Windham had said, that by the treaty of 1783, the rights of France, i certain commercial pots, were surrendered, and those of Great- Britain established: and this was carned turther to our advantage, af- ter some ineffectual disputes on the part ot France, by the convention of1787. All he should say, at present, on that topic, was, that no nghts whatever, on the part of Great- Britain, were surrendered, or given Up by this treaty. The question of night, as determined, either by the treaty of 1783, or the convention of 1787, were commercial arrange- Mecuts; and as to the question of HISTORY. 295 right, whatever it was, it remained untouched. Greet-Britam had esta- bushed rights, that were anomalous in their nature from those of any otherin respect to her Indian posses- sions ; but as far as related to Great- Briain and France, hZ believed it would appear, that none of those rights would be affected by any omissions whatever in the present treaty, On the subject of the bay of Honduras, we had, for a long se- ries of years, by an established practice, entitled ourselves to very valuab'e privileges, which we had exercised unimterruptediy during war, as well as enjoyed during peace; and this was not disputed by that power, which was most interested in making a case against us, and would have done it, had they thought the case against us could be made out. With respect to the title of the prince of Orange, he maine tained that the head of that illuse trious house had never been recog- nised by any government of France since the revolution, by which the head of that house had been placed on the throne of Great- Britain, He allowed that the terms of the definitive treaty were not so favour- able to the interests of the house of Orange, as he could have wished, but, he said, it contained terms for adequate compensation, not only of a territorial nature, but of pri- vate property. The only objection he had to the motion, applied merely to the day on which it was proposed to bring it forward: he saw no use for delay in this case : he could not help feeling that it might be productive of very consi- derable inconvenience. ee ae - he a ook Sete Se eo estate “D 296 cussion was too distant, he should not perform his duty if he did not oppose it. Wishing, however, that a full discussion should take place, he should propose that, instead of the 18th, the 11th of May be in- serted in the motion. He concluded by moving this amendment. Mr. Thomas Greaville expressed the utmost astonishment that the chancellor of the exchequer should consider fourteen days, too long a period for obtaining that informa- tion, without which this important enquiry could not be fairly or pro- fitably conducted. He adduced se- veral reasons for not hurrying the discussion, and concluded with ad- hering to the time which his right honourable friend had called for. Lord Hawkesbury said, though it was undoubtedly proper, that full and sufficient time should be given for the consideration of such a sub- ject, previous to its discussion, yet on the other hand, he could not but think the debate ought not to be unnecessarily suspended. Mr. Wind- ham had divided the subject into four heads, but, in his opinion, it might more properly be divided into two, viz. first, whether the altera- tions which had taken place, whe- ther known or not, since the sign- ing of the preliminary treaty, ought to have induced his majesty’s mi- nisters to conclude the definitive treaty of peace,*on the same terms as the preliminaries? The second head was, the defects, whether of omission of commission, in the de- finiiive treaty. As to the’ first, whether those events, which were notorious, ought or ought not to have induced his majesty's ministers to conclude the definitive . treaty with France, was a question for fu- ture discussion. With regard to the second point, he begged to observe, that the customs of France being different from ours upon these sub- BRITISH AND jects, the definitive treaty had for some time in point of fact k by the public, and therefore his right honourable friend must have made up his find with regard 1 the information which he wanted and the papers which he should re, quire upon this subject. Under these circumstances, considering that these objects mast range them. selves under the different heads which he had stated, he could not conceive any reason, why the dis. cussion should be delayed. After some further observations on the subject, his lordship concluded by supporting the amendment which had been proposed. Mr. Windham allowed that the interval proposed. would be suffi- cient for asking the questions he meant to propose, and specilying the papers he wished for, but would it be sufficient for an- swering those questions? He was at present prepared to enume- rate fully all the papers he wished to have produced ; but they chiefly related to important branches of trade which the omission of the treaties, formerly existing, would necessarily affect. On some of these motions debate might arise, and the explanations thus given might occupy a good deal of the time of the house. He could not therefore agree in the propriety of curtailing the time originally pto- osed. The chancellor of the exchequer spoke a few words in explanation, and stated, that when he called on *the house to suspend their judg- ment, he meant to apply this obser vation to the statement of his right honourable friend during the pre- sent debate, and not to the definitive treaty itself. He expressed a wish that the right honourable gentleman would explain his object more de- finitively to the house, Mr, al ‘ os oO + we etiam | = = mF OOo ee OD FOREIGN Mr. Windham stated generally, that he wished to have such infor mation as would enable him to ‘ydge of the effect of the non-re- ewal of treaties. = Pit said, if it should be the pleasure of the house to fix the shorter day, which had been pro- posed for the discussion of the question, it would be necessary to have much information ; he, there- fore, hoped his honourable friend, would the next day be able to spe-. cify the papers he wanted 5 as the sooner they were moved for, the sooner they would be laid before the house. He was convinced that Mr. Windham would not wish, after the doubts he had stated, that any un- necessary interval of suspense should take place, before the opinion of parliament was taken @pon the question. It was not his intention, however, to anticipate the discus- sion, by entering into the subject at present; but he rejoiced that his right honourable friend had not re- presented our rights in India as doubtful, though he had spoken of the claims of those who were lately oor enemies. He was convinced there was no solid ground, nor even pretence, for contentious argument, or plausible cavil: and, therefore, afte: what he had heard stated, he could not but count the moments tu! the subject could be investigated, which he hoped required nothing bat impartial discussion, to remove all uneasiness from the public mind, because it woul prove that there existed a determination in peace to Maintain those rights which we secured and strengthened by war. Mr. Windham had talked of the Recessity of producing several trea- ties, but some of them could wot in point of form be laid upon the table of the house; and, with regard to others, it could not be supposed, that it would be proper to lay before HISTORY. | 207 the house the treaties of Westph - lia, Ryswick, Utrecht, &c. if gentlemen had not looked ay and considered all those treaties already, certainly neither a week nor a fort- night would be sufficient to prepare them for the discussion of this ques- tion. But in order te ascertain the state of Europe, immediately pre- vious to, during, and since the war, the only information that could be given, must be in the discussion of the question. With regard to the apprehensions enrertained, in con- sequence of the non-renewal of treaties, that the French would establish the pretensions they had advanced previous to 1787, it would be necessary, in the first place, to ascertain, what these pretensiogs were, and upon what ground they rested. If it should turn out that these pretensions had no foundation whatever, then any isquiry into the subject would be useless. He knew enough of those pretensions to state, that they arose out of two founda- tions, but principally out of the ireaty of 1783, which was now done away. As far as they arose out of grants from the great mogul, those grants must be done away by war, as well as treaties. The grants of former moguls certainly could not be more binding than positive treaties. What had been said about Honduras, might perhaps, also, be done away by general reasoning. He hoped, therefore, his right ho- nourable friend would not delay, longer than till the next day, his motion for the papers which he thought necessary for the discussion of this great and momentous ques- tion. Mr. Windham and Mr Pitt seve- rally explained. The amendment was then carried. A conversation took place be- tween Mr. Sheridan, lord Belgrave, Mr. Grey,-and Mr. Tierney, re- specting 7 ey ie nO = - wdieds ~ a ow 2 a» 7 > ~ i, gat - P =. » ©, & A A A aie Salles 298 BRITISH AND specting the conduct of the late mi- pisters, wheu Lord Belgrave gave notice, that he should bring torward a motion to approve of the conduct of the late administration during the war; and that by the late administration, he meant those who had taken a lead- ing and responsible part. On Wednesday the 5th of May, Mr.W. Elliott moved for certain pa- pers relative to the definitive treaty. The first paper he moved for was, the treaty of Badajos: the one he al- luded to was that which was ratified between Portugal and Spain. By that the important town of Olivenza was ceded to Spain, and the inte- grity of Portugal was most mate- rially violated. This paper was al- luded to in the 7th article of the definitive treaty, therefore no ob- jection could possibly be made to producing it. His second motion should be, for copies of any con- ventions or armistices concluded between Portugal and Spain, during the year 1801, and communicated to the British government. It was to be feared that these contained many commercial stipulations, bigh- ly detrimental to this country : and one of them was the basis of the treaty, by which a great part of Portuguese America was ceded. He then entered into a consideration of the fatal effects of this cession. He said this district had always been reckoned of the utmost im- portance by Portugal on many ac- counts, but principally because it was the only security tor the valu- able, but vulnerable possessions of Brazil. In the preliminaries, it was declared that the dominions of her most faithful majesty should be preserved entire: but two days be- fore the signature of the prelimina- rics, a treaty had been concluded between Portugal and France, by which the former power was obliged to cede an immense tract of counity in America. Notwithstandin the explanation given by the noble lord, the object of France was as com- pletely gained, as if her original preteusions had been admitted. She had secured to herself the naviga. tion of the Arowari, France thug controuled the commerce of Brazil, and the whole wealth of Sooth America lay at her mercy. The words of the defioitive treaty ins tlicted upon this country a needless indignity ; it asserted the integrity ot Portugal, and guaranteed its dig meniberment, He should, thirdly, imuove for the copies of any treaties entered into between Spain and. lrance, during the late negotiations for peace: by one of which France gol possession of a large and fertile tract upon the river Mississippi, by which they were brought up to the very confines of Canada ; and might soon establish their empire in that country. But the United States of America had much to fear: they would now be completely under the controul of France ; which would make America at all times depea- dent upon her, and would draw her into the confederacy against our naval greatness, and the dignity of our flag. It might be said, that the spirit of Europe would rise, to prevent those usurpations in Ame- rica. But a foul and flagrant usur- pation had lately taken place in the very heart of Europe, while Europe inertly looked on ; yet the spirit of Europe was to protect the indepen- dence of America. Gentlemen, who held this language, had profited little by ten years of woful expe- rience. When France had con- quered the continent of Europe, could the continent of America be safe? He maintained that the cet sion of Louisiana had changed the whele complexion of the question: had this fact been known at the time whea F2B 57 BELTS S TT AS es vd. ns ce le by he ht at of cy he Id D- er ur of lat to te FOREIGN @hen the preliminaries were de- bated, he was well convinced, the house would have pansed, oo it assented to them. Ministers, how ever, were acquainted w th the fact, before the signature of the defint- tive treaty ; and before they po ceeded further, they were bound m honour to come again, and ask tor the opinion of the house. Mr. Fl- liott concluded, by moving, that an humble address be presented to his majesty, praying that he would be graciously pleased, to give directions jot being Ieid before the house, a copy of the treaty of Badajos, re- forred to in the 7th article of the definitive treaty with France, > god the Batavian republic, &e. Lord Hawkesbury expressed his surprise, at the very extraordinary manner in which Mr. Elliott had brought forward his motion, and said, be did not mean to enter, in any degree at length, into his argu- ments at prevent, but merely to make a few observations on two or three points, Particularly, with respect to he integrity of Portagal, he should merely now state, that the boundary fixed by the treaty of Madrid, was not the boundary established by the definitive treaty, and that as to the treaty of Madrid, his majesty’s mi- nisters were not accountable for its provisions. He could not help no- ticing the knputation thrown out agaust this country, of deserting Portugal in the hour of its danger. Portugal asked assistance of this country, at a period, when it was not possible to afford that assistance. Two objects, then called upon his Majesty's government for support, and it was thought better to employ the forces of Great-Britain in the recovery of Egypt, than in the de fence of Portugal: the whole of our Gisposable force was therefore sent to Egypt, and nothing was left for the defence of Portugal. Portugal, pain, HISTORY. 299 under these circumstances, made two applications to his majesty’s govern ment: the one, whether we would release her from her engagements, and allow her to conclude a separate treaty of peace; the other, whether we would afford her pecuniary as- sistance. His mjest}’s government replied, that althoagh nnable to as- sist Portugal, they would release her from her engagements, and allow her to conclude a separate treaty of peace: they went further than this, they allowed Poritgal to enter into stipulations so adverse to this coun- try, as to exclude British shipping trom her ports; and they proposed to parliament, a vote of subsidy for Portugal, to enable ber to make the best conditions she could. Under these circumstances, was there any one who would state, that if Porta. gal had made her peace, this couns try was now called upon to endea- vour to recover any of the posses- sions which Portugal might have chosen to cede to France by that treaty? He proceeded to make a few observations on the motion, and said, he had no objection to the pro- duction of the treaty of Badajos: with respect to the second proposi- tion, he had no objection, provided it was confined to the treaty of Ma- drid. With respect to the other part of the motion, it was impossible to comply with it; for the wansac- tions it referred to, never were com- plete transactions, were never pab- lished, concerns to which we were no party; and whatever knowledge his majesty's government could have, they could only have it confiden- tially, and purely so, and therefore could not be communicated. With regard to the third motion, which was for an address to his majesty, &c. he could only say, that no offi- cial communication was ever made to his majesty’s government upon that subject. He then alluded toan observation We kes : s, 4 3 ‘ g te a Ne 4 a ry" ri #2 12 - 2 oi wl hf 3 «*) ‘* rs & le eh A) # Hi mi aioe & 7 A Th ha. RP of ; Ny 2 ss ¢ aut ; 4 ie ’ ba ee es af i i - er be inal ae inl aa Les am as : if 5 Nee ape : ’ re ; 4 ae ie : a. Bi a i ; > $ 4 Lea hy ie ae £ it ust } ‘4 at # be ha E : ef Hig i ty: ie a fi Ht ee be pi = ++" rae oe py ba x ' wh +4 5, aes VS) ae hia iy ee hs ae 4 i 4 i ty i? \ er 300 BRITISH AND observation made on the other side of the house, that the honour of the British nation was tarnished, or im- paired, or the spirit of the people broken down ; which, he was so far from assenting to, that there was no period in the history, not only of this country, but of the world, in which the honour of the British flag was higher, nor the spirit of the Bri- tish people greater, than at the pre- sent moment. And, in point of real commercial strength, there never was an hour, in which the relative situation of Great-Britain bad a greater advantage over France than at the present hour: nor ever was there a period, in which a peace was concluded, when the commercial power of Great-Britain was so re- Jatively superior to that of France, as at the present moment. He need not say, bow far our naval glory, in this war, transcended every thing that ever went betore it: he would, at present, only say, he was perfectly ready to maintain, bv argument, that we had extricated ourselves out of the contest in which we had been engaged, in a manner that mani- fested an adherence to perfect good faith ; and in a manner which prov- ed, that the language of those, who said our faith was deserted, the lus- tre of our flag tarnished, our cha- racter decraded, our spirit sunk, was language completely unfounded, and the reverse of truth. Dr. Lawrence affirmed, that such speech he had never heard in the house. <A custom had prevailed, for some years, of commencing offen- sive war from the treasury bench, the moment that any measure of government was questioned. He was proceeding to state the fatal ef- fects of the non-renewal of former treaties, when the speaker ex- pressed a wish to know, whether it was the pleasure of the bouse, that the debate should take this turn: as it did not appear to be now Tele. vant ? Mr. T. Grenville was of opin: that Dr. Lawrence might pc the motion, and reply to the obser. vations of the noble lord, if he thought proper. The speaker submited. Mr. Grey said, his learned friend was entitled to be heard, not thr indulgence, but as a matter of right, The chancellor of the exchequer was of opinion, that Dr. Lawrence was disorderly, because his reason. ing did not bear upon the motions, either singly or in the aggregate, Dr. Lawrence said, that by en tering into the subject at large, it was his intention to shew, that the situation of the country required to be minutely enquired into, when ig was now placed in a situation g9 ditferent from what it formerly main. tained, and when it was deprived— of the security of all former treaties, He then adverted to the part of the treaty, which related to Portugal; from which he inferred, that this country had been -disgraced by a shameful] dereliction of the stipula tions made by the preliminary trea ty, in favour of the integrity of the Portuguese territories. All this was owing to the inexperience, or want of attention, on the part of our ne. gvtiators, in leaving out the words, “ before the war.” When the French afterwards refused to have these words put in, a subterfuge was found, by inserting the situa- tion of Portugal after another sepa- raie treaty. With regard to the condition stipulated for the Dateb republic, he observed, that the dig- nity of our flag had been surrender- ed, as far as lay in the power of bis majesty’s ministers: and that the last symbol of our ancient save reignty over the seas had been givet Mr. Jones said, that if he bad . thougat > g?se Fee SPE ar? RSs -& STH ETT S&P? ?S FOREIGN HISTORY. 301 thought the honour of our flag had really been invaded, he should have followed a very different course from what he intended to do on the present occasion: he should have moved the house to bring his ma- ‘esty’s ministers to condign punish- ‘ment. With regard to the papers moved for, he had heard no solid arrament for their production. The present peace. had brought comfort to every fire-side in the kingdom, any motion, therefore, that tended to censure it, he considered as having an evil tendency. Lord Temple said a few words in support of Dr. Lawrence's observa- (ions. Mr. T. Grenville observed, that with regard to the tactious motives, which had been ascribed to those with whom he had the honour of concurring, and the propriety of dis- cussing the merits of the defivitive treaty, in detail, he begged leave to assure the noble lord and the house, that he did not rise to vindicate him- self or his honourable friends from the accusation, though he could not but feel considerable surprive at such acharge. Because, on the first day allotted for that purpose, documents had been asked, to enable members to form an adequate judgment of a treaty, which, in its Consequences, involved the national interests more than any which preceded if, factious motives (a cry of No! No! from the treasury bench) were to be ascrib- edtothem. If the mode of discus- sing so interesting a subject, in se- parate detail, was not adopted, he sould only say, that no member of the house could, amid the multipli- city of important imterests and rela- tions, which the treaty affected, pos- sibly understand, what it was to which he was called upon to give his approbation, or on what he was mvited to decide. With the state- mcot of our relations with Portugal, as made by the noble lord, he per- fectly agreed ; but he differed trom him very materially, in the inferences he had drawn from this statement : which was neither more nor less, than that, under all the circam- stances, we were not called upon by good faith, to buy back the cessions which, in a m&ment of peril, and of ditficulty, our ally had been forced to make, as the purchase of her peace. Was it possible that such could be the language held by the secretary of state tor foreiga affairs 7 and was this the manner, in which faith was to be maintained with our ancient ally? This, he. was sure, was not the manner, in which the late administration would have stipu- lated for the integrity of her terri- tories. They did fee!, that they were bound to purchase back restitution, not of the description provided by the present treaty, but restitution of a substantial and efficient nature. Lord Hawkesbury, in explanation, denied that he had imputed factious motives to his honorable frieuds on the other side: he had only observ- ed, that the mode of proceeding, which they had proposed, wes per- fectly novel, and such as had never been adopted by opposition of the most factions kind. He also ob- served, that he had never asserted, that we were not bound to purchase back the cessions which our ally had been forced to make, at a moment, when her exisiénce, as an European power, was at stake. ‘The treaty had been formed, on this very principle, and to a certain degree, restitution had actually been purchased for our Mr. Windham said a few words, corrobor;ting what had been ob- jected to in the article, securing the integrity of the Portuguese pos- sessions. The chancellor of the ‘exchequer said, he concurred with his nobic friend, ms a = ee : ix aT Se ~ Ca - as i a = ~ aioe ST oes praetor 9a: oy ~- oe e Ro — - ; gE PR nae ae! ern ae a DAP OO naa SE a SO OS i OEE CD Hh ae Fae — aoe 8 caer abo - Bes Lae * a lpg és ip “i ae |: ‘ie y ty Ct ae aa “i ike aa ep a ié id {2 ae ¥ 302 BRIETISH AND friend, in the coroment he had so ably made on the speech, by which the motion, now before the house. was intro!uced ; bet he should not have béen able to concur with him, had he said that the speech of any honourable member of the honse. was dictated by faction, or by fac- tious motives. He begged the at- tention of the Louse to two or three points, which he wished to touch upon: thedirst was, as stated in the speech, which prefaced the motion now before the house, that his ma- jesty's government must be ignorant of the treaty of Badajos, on the sign- ing of the preliminarics of the treaty of peace, otherwise there could not have been so large a ‘atitede for France, on the subject of Portucal. Gentienen were misttken on that point, and he was surprised at this, considering the many explanations of his noble friend on t! The truth was, it was_known, that the treaty of Badayos had taken place, when the boundaries of th French and Portucuese Guiana were defined by the river Arowary ; but his majesty’s Minisiers were not without apprebension, that further concessions might have taken plaice, or might take place, on behat of Portogal, in its then distressed situa- tion, before any communication could be made, ot the preliminaries of peace, agreed upon beiween this country; and therefore, with what he would call, a pradeat caution, as well as anxiety, they stipulated, that te subject. no further concession, on the part of Portugal, should be binding; after which, the treaty of Madrid was sicved. He wou'd abstain from making a fall statement of the case, b> cause that had been rendered un- necessary, by the able and accurate manner, in which his noble friend had treated the subject: but let gen- tlemen recollect, Wuat the situation of Portugal was, a few weeks be- fore the signing of the Preliminaries. they would find, she was ing state in which her independence, es Huropean state, was greatly in dan. grr In this condition of ¢hj did Great-Britaia act ag if Par had forfeited her claim to our pro. tection? No such thing ; on the contrary, we stipulated for her in. dependence ; and, for her security we sacrificed many of our con : in the West Iadies. With respect to the honour of the British flag, he knew that geutiemen did not state that our maritime glory bad beeg tarnished ; they had only said, that it had been eounteracted jn effect, by the conduct of the British Minis ters. AJ‘l he should pow say, was, that he was glad the whole subject vas to be investigated; and when the season arrived for the discussion, he should be able to prove, that by no act of omission or commission, had ministers brought such a stain on their country, as that of tarnish ing the lustre of its naval triumphs, or, in the slightest degree, disho- noured the British flag: he would eg further, and aver, that if it had pursued another course, they would lave exposed the credit of their country, instead of. supporting its clory, as well as have abandoned its interest. He could not help ob- serving, that the motions for papers were made, and supported by argu- ments, to the main and general guesiion of the definitive treaty of peace; by which, ministers were invited, in each distinct motion, @ enter at large, upon the main ques- tion itself: now, with all possible respect fur the honourable gentle man, who thus continually invited him to this discassion, he would beg leave to decline the invitation, and would only say, that he was ready, and desirous to enter, at a proper season, which was not 2 Ww, UPR all the topics which had been brought 23 forward, ~~ -« oa gee a S@nrerTare” twas —_ oo i, ~ id d d it ts is }e 1) ~~ ee FF Ot SS 8 ey FOREIGN forward, when, he tfusted, that we pisters would be able to 4 such an account of this great matter, and enter upon such a justification ot their conduct, as would satisty the house, and their country. The motion was then put, and carried. The next motion was, for an hambie address to his majesty, pray- ing, that he would be graciously pleased to give orders, for laying before the house, a copy o! any trea- ties concluded between France and Portugal in the course of 1SO1. The motion was agreed fo. Mr. Eliiott next moved, for a copy of any treaty communicated to his majesty, concluded betwixt the king of Spain and the French republic, from the time of the commencement of the negotiations for setiling pre- limiuaries of peace, by- which any part of the Spaoish territories in uth-America, were ceded to France, together with the date of such communication, Lord Hawkesbury stated, that any such treaty had never been officially communicated, and therefore the motion could not regularly be agreed tp by the house. Atter a few words from Mr. F}- liott and lord Tempie, the motion was put from the chair, and nega- tived. Lord Temple, after referring to the article in the treaty, which enu- merates the powers guaranteeing the independence and neutrality of Mal- ta, asked if any official notice had been obtained, of the accession of Russia, Prussia, and Austria to this agreement ? Lord Hawkesbury, in reply, stat- ed, that no information of the ac- cession, bad yet reached thiscountry : but his Majesty's ministers had rea- sn to believe, that there was a dis- poulion, on the part of seme of those HISTORY. 303 powers, to accede to the article in question. On the motion of Lord Hawkes- bury, the consideration of the de- finilive treaty, was postponed from ‘luesday to Wednesday. Adjourned, On the Oth May, lord Temple made a motion, for the production of certain papers, to enable the house to form an opinion, on that part of the definitive treaty, to which they referred. His lordship con- tended, that as we had by treaty pledged ourselves for the cession and guarantee of the isle of Malta to the order of St. John, it followed, that the island shouid be restored in thy same state in which it had been, previous to its Subjection by France: he maintained, that the provisions of the treaty were inadequate to the independence ot Malta; and that, when the English ceased to be its guardians, the French would pro- bably become its masters. He con- clouded, by moving for an account of the territorial and commercial duties collected in the island of Malta, trom the date of its surren- der to his majesty's arms. This was agreed to. His lordship then mov- ed for a copy of the treaty ef peace, concluded at Luneville, between Austria and France. Lard Hawkesbury resisted it, as irrelevant with the subjects of par- liamentary discussion: the treaty of Luneville was ef sufficient notoriety ; it might be purchased of any book- seller, but could not, without im- propriety, be introduced into that house Mr. T. Grenville supported the motion. Mr. Pitt denied, that the produc- tion of the treaty of Lunevilic, a treaty in which this country had borne no part, could be an impor- tant, or even useful illustration of ibe ae are Po nF Bw i sy 2 Ss ee as 304 BRITISH AND the definitive treaty; he would ask, what the noble lord expected to learn, from the analysation of that treaty, which he knew not already ? Was he not aware that the treaty itself had been set aside by a single act, which would eternally com- memorate the ambition of Fiance: if this act, respecting the Cisalpine republic, was a subject of interest to this country, it was so only, when considered as affecting the general peace ; not as it impeached or jus- tified the first consul; the question was to be examined on the broad ground of the relative situation of France with the rest of Europe; by comparing the probability of ulti- mately resisting the ambition of France, with the improbability of forming a confederacy among the powers of Europ, sufficient to se- cure a peace mor: advantageous to this country; it was unfair to single out any specific article, forestalling the merits of the general peace, when it was evident, that tbe real character of the treaty could be ascertained only by the combination of its several parts; the question was, what was the state of Europe at the conclusion of the peace, and what were the means of this coun- try to ameliorate that state? by per- sisting in war, he had maintained and would still maintain, that the re- sources of this country were not only unexhausted, but even unknown ; its utmost strength was untried ; its latent energies incalculable: but, as the terms of the treaty remained to be examined, in a general view, he thought the chancellor of the ex- chequer right in opposing prema- ture discussion. Mr. Windham insisted, that a knowledge of the treaty of Lune- ville, was necessary to the discus- sion of the definitive treaty. The chancellor of the exchequer opposed the motion. Sir William Young supported ihe motion. Mr. Jones ridiculed the mor; which was, he said, introduced byat oration made up of scraps frog Locke, lord Somers, and of shreds from other men of less fame. Theno. ble lord, who disclaimed asking the judgment of the house, had been at infinite pains to biass it. He bated the exertions of certain tlemen, to excite a prejudice in tha house ; he would not call that cog. duct, ala jacobine, but he would it was, ala Porcupine. Peace hyd revived a cordial welcome, and jt appeared to be equally the wish of the mivisters of England and the government of France, that peace should be permanent. Dr. Lawrence vindicated the mo. tion: the motion was negatived, Lord Temple then moved, for a copy of the laws and statutes of Malta. Lord Hawkesbory said, that go- vernment were not officially in po session of such papers, Lord Temple thought it strange, that ministers should be ignorant of that constitution, which the defini- tive treaty had expressly guaranteed. Lord Hawkesbury denied, that what he had said, warranted the a- sumption. Ministers were notig- norant of the Maltese constitution, bat they had no official docoment on the subject. The motion was therefore negatived. Adjourned. In the house of lords, on Than day, May 15, lord Grenville moved the order of the day, for the house to take into consideration the defi- nitive treaty. Lord Stanhope rose, not to oppor the motion, but to move for the ¢t- clusion of strangers, having infor- mation, of importance, to lay the house. After remarks from the earl of Moira, and a reply from lord Stanhope, strangers were ordered withdiaw. _ we at of oe? ak COs ale «6k antes oe P REAR ETPRP PREP SESEPF — on of Bo os ge, R, BS 3 = & 2. a7 gs akStSR FF FOREIGN HISTORY. 305 withdraw. On their re-admission, tord Grenville was speaking. His jordship said, that much unfairness had been imputed to him and his noble friends, for having put the house in possession of arguments against the treaty, whilst those who should have stated their reasons in its favour, had not been equally vi- gilant in furnishing arguments in defence of it. To them it had rot appeared desirable, that discussion should precede decision! To him it appeared indispensable, that decision should result from repeated discus- sion. But, it might be asked, of what use was discussion, now that peace was concluded? Was it to abrogate? could it correct the trea- ty? To this question, he was the first to answer, thot the unfortunate treaty had been ratified by his ma- jesty, and was therefore irrevocable; to its terms, however injurious, we were bound to accede. By evasion, we should but add to disaster, dis- grace; and, with the loss of national honour, fill up the measure of na- tional calamity. He wished not to impede the execution of the treaty, bat to demonstrate to that house, its dangerous tendency; to ascertain the situation in which it left the country; to point ovt the perils which impended, and the safety which yet remained, His objec- tions to the preliminary treaty, he had already stated; but, to the de- finitive treaty, there were objections yet more formidable. His lordship observed, that the two bases of ne- gotiation, the status ante bellum, which signified the actual situation of the parties previous to hostilities, and the uti possidetis, which refer- red to their position during the pa- cification, had both beeo applied in the most prejudicial manner to this country. With regard to herself, England had adopted the status ante =, With regard to her rival, the uti possidetis. England had ceded her own conquests, and confirmed to France her new acquisitions. It France possessed dominion on the continent, we had to oppose to that dormision, the colonies of France and Spain ; it would have been inst, that France should parchase our co- louial Ly her continental sacrifices. His lord-hip contrasted the detini- tive treaty with that of 1703; it had, be said, been an invariable prin- ciple with lord Chatham, to make the preliminary, as muct as possible, the definitive treaty. Cur negotia- tors had treated with France during a naval armistice. Immediately sub- sequent to the preliminary treaty, France had sent an armament to the West-Indies, and obliged England to destine for the West-Indies also a naval force, more than double to any squadrons which had been sent during the war. The necessity of keeping in the West-Indies thirty- five sail of the line, was the first fruits of peace. His lordship con- tended, that it was incumbent on our negotiators to have insisted, that the French fleet should not sail, till the preliminary articles were definitively ratified, and till the First Consul had afforded proofs, that he meditated not the accession of power he had since made in Italy. it was obvious, that the definitive treaty contained conces- sions more important than the preli- minary articles ; and it was palpably the object of the French government, toexclude the commerce of thiscoun- try from the continent of Europe.
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https://github.com/icexmoon/java-notebook/blob/master/xyz/icexmoon/java_notes/ch10/catch1/Main.java
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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Apache-2.0
| null |
java-notebook
|
icexmoon
|
Java
|
Code
| 32 | 69 |
package ch10.catch1;
class MyException extends Exception {
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
throw new MyException();
} catch (MyException e) {
;
}
}
}
| 10,037 |
6401MYG34856200_2743_64
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French Open Data
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Open Government
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Licence ouverte
| 2,023 |
GREFFE DU TRIBUNAL DE COMMERCE DE BAYONNE
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BODACC
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French
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Semantic data
| 4,630 | 14,782 |
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Président : DOMUSVI ; Commissaire aux comptes titulaire : MAZARS
411 706 278
RCS
Agen
Exploitation tout établissement d'hébergement pour personne âgées maison de retraite
3
Rue
Tapie
47000
Agen
Modification survenue sur l'administration.
823 503 719
RCS
Orléans
TROUILLET VUL
Société par actions simplifiée (à associé unique)
26
rue
des Frères Lumières
45800
Saint-Jean-de-Braye
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une présentation simplifiée du bilan et de l'annexe ainsi que d'une déclaration de publication simplifiée en application du troisième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
948 651 096
RCS
Marseille
Valle
Pauline
CAVANCHA
Création
établissement principal
fabrication de produits de bien être et décoration - commerce de produits de bien être
128
Cours
Lieutaud
13006
Marseille 6e Arrondissement
2023-04-13
Immatriculation d'une personne physique suite à création d'un établissement principal
2023-02-01
528 109 523
RCS
Evry
LES DELICES DE VILLEJUST
Société par actions simplifiée
2
Route
de Villebon
91140
Villejust
2022-08-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
CNF RENOVATIONS
Société à responsabilité limitée
750 378 101
RCS
Nanterre
en France et à l'étranger, directement ou indirectement, menuiserie, peinture, carrelage, isolation, maçonnerie.
29
rue
Pasteur
92120
Montrouge
Jugement de clôture
Jugement de clôture pour insuffisance d'actif
2023-09-21
Jugement prononçant la clôture de la procédure de liquidation judiciaire pour insuffisance d'actif.
420 726 986
RCS
Bayonne
LAUAK SARL
Société à responsabilité limitée
2245
Route de Minhotz
64240
Hasparren
2022-12-31
Comptes consolidés et rapports
978 816 718
RCS
Bobigny
Toure
Moussa
TOURE
Toure moussa
Création
établissement principal
livreur de repas à domicile à vélo
1
Allée
Pierre et Marie Curie
93390
Clichy-sous-Bois
2023-09-19
Immatriculation d'une personne physique suite à création d'un établissement principal
2023-08-31
852 934 843
RCS
Mende
MP RENOV'
Société à responsabilité limitée
8 Bis
Rue
des Carrières
48000
Mende
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
S.D.B.N
Société par actions simplifiée
844 335 968
RCS
Lille Métropole
Plomberie, agencement de salle de bain, agencement intérieur.
5
rue
de Verdun
59840
Lompret
Jugement d'ouverture
Jugement d'ouverture de liquidation judiciaire
2023-03-13
Jugement prononçant la liquidation judiciaire simplifiée, date de cessation des paiements le 31 janvier 2023, désignant liquidateur : SELARL MIQUEL ARAS & ASSOCIES prise en la personne de Maître ARAS Michaël 58 Avenue Guynemer 59700 Marcq-en-Barœul. Les déclarations des créances sont à adresser au mandataire judiciaire ou sur le portail électronique prévu par les articles L. 814-2 et L. 814-13 du code de commerce dans les deux mois à compter de la publication au Bodacc.
981 201 718
RCS
Saintes
BOURY
Céline
PETON
Création
établissement principal
correction, relecture et amélioration de manuscrits et de textes de tous genres destinés à une publication papier ou web. - animation d'ateliers à visée pédagogique.
162
Avenue
Charles Régazzoni
17200
Royan
2023-11-07
Immatriculation d'une personne physique suite à création d'un établissement principal
2023-11-01
DAMOTTE
Rémy
890 061 468
RCS
Melun
23
Rue
Dufet Bourdelle
77620
Égreville
2023-03-06
951 988 559
RCS
Pointe à Pitre
AMD LOCATION
Société par Actions Simplifiée
AMD LOCATION
Président : SALOMON Daryl Anthony nom d'usage : SALOMON
1000.00
EUR
147
Boulevard
Du Général de Gaulle
97190
Le Gosier
La location de courte durée de véhicules automobiles, la location de véhicules de luxe sans chauffeur.
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2023-04-24
812 171 320
RCS
Salon-de-Provence
KEADOU
Société par actions simplifiée
50
Chemin
du Garde
13270
Fos-sur-Mer
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
848 744 900
RCS
Toulouse
EUROPE IMMO
Société par Actions Simplifiée
3 b
Impasse
Las Carreroles
31130
Balma
2021-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
481 239 432
RCS
Bobigny
ARESA CONSULTANTS
Société par actions simplifiée
Président : MERLE Claudine Andrée
8000.00
EUR
43
Boulevard
de la Liberté
93260
Les Lilas
Création
siège et établissement principal
l'assistance sous toutes ses formes directes ou indirectes aux comites d'entreprises
43
Boulevard
de la Liberté
93260
Les Lilas
2023-01-18
Immatriculation d'une personne morale suite à transfert de son siège social
2004-12-01
immatriculation suite à transfert de son siège social hors ressort.
HAGANI
Mohammed
HAGANI
HMA 31
824 913 628
RCS
Toulouse
5
Chemin
Abadie
31100
Toulouse
2023-07-10
377 894 100
RCS
Strasbourg
MILLAUTO LOSANGE SAINT LOUIS
Société par actions simplifiée à associé unique
12
Rue
Emile Mathis
67800
Bischheim
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
BENZINA IMMOBILIER
Société civile immobilière
Gérant, Associé : BENZINA Faouzi
503 132 367
RCS
Bobigny
L' acquisition, l' administration et la gestion par location ou autrement de tous immeubles et biens immobiliers.
17
Rue
de Flandre
93290
Tremblay-en-France
17
Rue
de Flandre
93290
Tremblay-en-France
transfert du siège social.
2008-04-01
490 673 696
RCS
Aix-en-Provence
SARL ARCHITECTURE ET MOBILIER
Société à responsabilité limitée
425
Rue
René Descartes
Bât.B
13857
Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
821 562 097
RCS
Amiens
1.2.3 Calins...
Société par Actions Simplifiée
2a Rue Roger Salengro
80480
Saleux
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
908 108 335
RCS
Paris
BEREXIA DIGITAL
Société par actions simplifiée (à associé unique)
66
avenue
des Champs-Élysées Lot 41 -
75008
Paris
2021-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
HUBBTON
Société à responsabilité limitée
500.00
EUR
828 497 172
RCS
Nanterre
42
Rue
George Sand
92500
Rueil-Malmaison
O
Radiation suite à clôture des opérations de liquidation
844 796 086
RCS
Saint Etienne
DHOKKO
Société par Actions Simplifiée
1
Cours
Antoine Guichard
42000
Saint-Étienne
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
LA GODEFRAIRIE
Société par actions simplifiée
Président : LEROY Pierre
786 133 231
RCS
Angers
La société a pour objet l'acquisition ou la prise à bail de toutes pro- Prietes agricoles, l'exploitation soit directement, soit par voie de ferma- Gé ou de métayage ou selon toutes autres modalités des terrains et pro- Prietes ainsi acquis ou pris en location sous toutes les formes de cultures générales ou spécialisées, particulièrement sous la forme d'arboriculture fruitière. La vente des produits provenant de ces exploitations.
Domaine
de la Godefrairie
Broc
49490
Noyant-Villages
Modification survenue sur l'administration.
ISOPRO SECURITE PRIVEE PHOCEENNE
Société à responsabilité limitée
5000.00
EUR
794 797 811
RCS
Marseille
7
Rue
Gaston de Flotte
le Quadra
13012
Marseille 12e Arrondissement
7
Rue
Gaston de Flotte
le Quadra
13012
Marseille 12e Arrondissement
O
Radiation d'office
552 880 163
RCS
Troyes
SOCIETE D'EDITION ET DE PUBLICITE "LIBERATION"
Société anonyme
1
Boulevard
Charles Baltet
Espace Regley
10000
Troyes
2021-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
910 291 194
RCS
Rodez
FP Conseil & Développement
Société par actions simplifiée
Dalmayrac
12340
Rodelle
2022-06-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
948 138 425
RCS
Saint Denis de La Réunion
MARVIC 380
Société en Nom Collectif
Gérant : Sté par actions simplifiée INVESTIS DEFISCALISATION OUTRE MER. Associé en nom : Sté par actions simplifiée INVESTIS DEFISCALISATION OUTRE MER. Associé en nom : MONEL Christophe nom d'usage : MONEL
100.00
EUR
62
Boulevard
Du Chaudron
97490
Saint-Denis
Location simple de longue durée de biens mobiliers et immobiliers dans les DOM COM.
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2023-01-16
902 502 335
RCS
Colmar
UP MEDICAL
Société par actions simplifiée
4
Chemin
du Dornig
68000
Colmar
2022-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
BEVERAGE PARTNERS
Société par Actions Simplifiée
B ET P
879 727 345
RCS
Amiens
11
Grande Rue
Feuillaucourt
80200
Allaines
O
794 000 695
RCS
Mende
SAS SCALEA
Société par actions simplifiée
25
Avenue
des Gorges du Tarn
48000
Mende
2021-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
OZLEM
Société par actions simplifiée
843 806 118
RCS
Béziers
Restauration de type rapide
26B
allée
Paul Riquet
34500
Béziers
Jugement d'ouverture
Jugement d'ouverture de liquidation judiciaire
2023-03-15
Jugement prononçant la liquidation judiciaire , date de cessation des paiements le 15 Septembre 2021, désignant liquidateur Me Michel GALY 47, avenue Jean Moulin - 34500 Béziers . Les créances sont à adresser, dans les deux mois de la présente publication, auprès du liquidateur ou sur le portail électronique prévu par les articles L. 814-2 et L. 814-13 du code de commerce.
434 002 556
RCS
Bourg-en-Bresse
THIERRY MERCIER HOLDING - T.M.H.
T.M.H.
Société à responsabilité limitée
Zone Industrielle du Musinet-Plastic Avenue
01460
Montréal-la-Cluse
2023-03-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
910 944 461
RCS
Versailles
R&S - PHOTO/VIDEO
Société à responsabilité limitée
5000.00
EUR
120
Rue
Victor Schoelcher
78955
Carrières-sous-Poissy
établissement secondaire acquis par achat au prix stipulé de 60000.00 euros
établissement secondaire
le fonds de commerce de location de bornes de photographe
28 t
Avenue
Jean Jaurès
78500
Sartrouville
LEMATTRE
Clémentine
RCS non inscrit
Achat d'un fonds par une personne morale (insertion provisoire)
2022-04-01
La Semaine de l'Ile-de-France
2023-01-26
Election de domicile au fonds vendu Opposition dans les 10 jours suivant la dernière en date des publications prévues à l'article L141-12 du Code de Commerce.
Acte en date du 16/12/2022 enregistré au Service départemental de l’enregistrement Versailles le 27/12/2022 sous le numéro Dossier : 2022 00036270 Références : 7804P61 2022 A 05938 Adresse de l'ancien propriétaire: 28 t Avenue Jean Jaurès 78500 Sartrouville
BRALLON INDUSTRY
Société par actions simplifiée
500.00
EUR
889 230 256
RCS
Bobigny
26
Avenue
Capitaine Glarner
93400
Saint-Ouen
26
Avenue
Capitaine Glarner
93400
Saint-Ouen
O
Radiation suite à clôture des opérations de liquidation
SCEA LARNAUDIE-HIRAULT
Société civile d'exploitation agricole
Gérant, Associé indéfiniment responsable : LARNAUDIE Michael ; Associé indéfiniment responsable : LARNAUDIE Yves, Jean, Michel ; Associé indéfiniment responsable : LARNAUDIE Marie-Thérèse, Denise, Gilberte ; Associé indéfiniment responsable : LARNAUDIE Romain ; Associé indéfiniment responsable : SC LARNAUDIE-HEU
480 606 185
RCS
Reims
exploitation et gestion de biens agricoles et viticoles
20
Grande Rue
51500
Trois-Puits
Modification survenue sur la dénomination, la forme juridique.
L2P CONSEILS
Société par actions simplifiée
Président : POLLIE Damien ; Directeur général : FRESNEDA Claude ; Directeur général : BATTEUX Sulian, Alain
481 205 664
RCS
Rennes
expertise comptable (début : 01.03.2006)
Rue
des Iles Kerguelen
Parc Edonia Bâtiment F
35760
Saint-Grégoire
Modification survenue sur l'administration.
402 136 097
RCS
Draguignan
SCI Championnet
Société civile immobilière
Gérant, Associé indéfiniment responsable : CHERAKI Dominique Max
1524.49
EUR
25b
Chemin du Pays Haut
83170
Rougiers
Transfert d'activité
siège et établissement principal
gestion et administration de biens immobiliers
25b
Chemin du Pays Haut
83170
Rougiers
2023-02-22
Immatriculation d'une personne morale suite à transfert de son siège social
1995-08-10
immatriculation suite à transfert de son siège social hors ressort.
750 887 143
RCS
Bordeaux
ATP
Société à responsabilité limitée
11
Zone Artisanale du Luget
le pian médoc
33290
Le Pian-Médoc
2022-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
913 720 009
RCS
Pau
3MA
Société par actions simplifiée
34
Avenue
Joseph Szydlowski
64510
Bordes
2023-06-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
SOCIETE COOPERATIVE AGRICOLE LAITERIE COOPERATIVE ALSACIENNE ALSACE-LAIT
Société coopérative agricole à capital variable
Président : GAEC DE L'OBERMATTDEBES Michel ; Directeur général : MASSOT Hervé, Marcel, Pierre ; Administrateur : WILT Jean, Claude ; Administrateur : GAEC DE LA CIGOGNEWEBER Elisabeth ; Administrateur : SCEA LA TOUR D'EAUFREYSS Marc ; Administrateur : GAEC DU SELTZBACH BRAUNBRAUN Didier ; Administrateur : GAEC BERNHARDBERNHARD Philippe ; Administrateur : EARL BUCHYBUCHY Claude ; Administrateur : EARL SCHOENELSCHOENEL Rémy ; Administrateur : EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE A RESPONSABILITE LIMITEE ISSENHUTHISSENHUTH Arnaud ; Administrateur : EARL GILLIGGILLIG Thomas ; Administrateur : EARL LUTZLUTZ Guillaume ; Administrateur : HOHRAINKARCHER Jonathan ; Administrateur : EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE A RESPONSABILITE LIMITEE BURGBURG Hélène ; Administrateur : EARL DES CIGOGNES - WINCKELWINCKEL Luc ; Administrateur : EARL JACQUES GERBERGERBER Damien ; Administrateur : EARL BOHR FREDDYBOHR Serge, Thomas ; Administrateur : EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE A RESPONSABILITE LIMITEE MOOGMOOG Mathieu ; Commissaire aux comptes titulaire : CBP AUDIT & ASSOCIES (CBPAA) ; Commissaire aux comptes titulaire : AGRO REVISION ; Commissaire aux comptes suppléant : AUSEIS REVISION ; Commissaire aux comptes suppléant : CALVET Isabelle
778 731 174
RCS
Strasbourg
Collecte, transformation et vente de lait et produits laitiers.
19
Rue
de l'Industrie
67720
Hœrdt
Modification survenue sur l'administration.
422 852 293
RCS
Vienne
SARL RABILLOUD FRANZ
Société à Responsabilité Limitée
4
Rue
Des Palis
38460
Villemoirieu
2023-03-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
452 309 644
RCS
Clermont-Ferrand
ETABLISSEMENTS FOURNIER
ETS FOURNIER
Société à responsabilité limitée
250
Rue
Sébastien Philippe Dupuy
63600
Ambert
2023-06-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
SVM
Société à responsabilité limitée
835 277 302
RCS
Béziers
Travaux d'installation d'eau et de gaz en tous locaux
7
rue
Saint-Louis
34600
Bédarieux
Jugement de clôture
Jugement de clôture pour insuffisance d'actif
2023-03-29
Jugement prononçant la clôture de la procédure de liquidation judiciaire pour insuffisance d'actif.
379 223 969
RCS
Rennes
EDSI
EDSI
Société par actions simplifiée
8
Rue
du Bordage
35510
Cesson-Sévigné
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
890 101 017
RCS
Orléans
ALPHA THERMIQUE MARTIN
Société à responsabilité limitée (à associé unique)
92
rue
de Coulmiers
45000
Orléans
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
788 926 392
RCS
Nanterre
JETOILE
Société à responsabilité limitée
25
Rue
Montrosier
92200
Neuilly-sur-Seine
2023-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
RAZAFINDRAINIBE BERNARD
Rakitra, Yves
RAZAFINDRAINIBE BERNARD
ETABLISSEMENT HARD
401 037 718
RCS
Saint Denis de La Réunion
33
Allée
Des Opales
Apt 53 Sidr les Opales Bellepierre
97400
Saint-Denis
2022-06-10
MHLI Holding
Société à responsabilité limitée
Gérant : STEINBECHER Marlène
913 824 959
RCS
Nanterre
La prise de participations, la détention et la gestion d'actions ou de parts sociales, dans toutes sociétés constituées ou à constituer sous quelque forme que ce soit, industrielles, commerciales, financières, agricoles, immobilières ou autres
94
Rue
Jules Guesde
Immeuble Le Galion
92300
Levallois-Perret
Modification survenue sur l'administration.
910 142 108
RCS
Grasse
BCTECH
Société par Actions Simplifiée
58
Chemin
De Canteperdrix
06130
Grasse
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
497 871 517
RCS
Pontoise
CARON VINCENT IMMOBILIER CONSEILS
C.V.I.C.
Société par actions simplifiée
4
Place
Saint-Louis
95300
Pontoise
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
AUTO EXPO MONTIGNY
Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique
Gérant : DELATTRE Phlippe, Carloman, Adrien ; Gérant : ORNA Stephane ; Gérant : HERVY Julien
432 133 551
RCS
Arras
Négoce réparation de véhicules automobiles et pièces détachées tôlerie peinture location de véhicules produits pétroliers et pneumatiques.
195
Route
d'Harnes
62640
Montigny-en-Gohelle
Modification survenue sur l'administration.
493 717 482
RCS
Alençon
VIMCO
Société à responsabilité limitée
19
Boulevard
du Docteur Dentu
61120
Vimoutiers
2022-10-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
490 364 577
RCS
Troyes
DFA DISTRIBUTION
Société à responsabilité limitée
Boulevard
de l'Ouest
Centre Commercial l'Escapade
10300
Sainte-Savine
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
441 753 571
RCS
Paris
ATLANTIS
Société par actions simplifiée
110
rue
Lauriston
75016
Paris
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
522 125 665
RCS
Avignon
JARIC
Société à responsabilité limitée
34 36
Place
des Corps Saints
84000
Avignon
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
512 100 819
RCS
Nanterre
ALTANA ARCHITECTURES
Société à responsabilité limitée
41
Avenue
Galois
92340
Bourg-la-Reine
2021-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
417 897 303
RCS
Angers
ROSEMARTINE
Société à responsabilité limitée
27
Rue
Haute de Reculée
49100
Angers
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
423 807 502
RCS
Montpellier
PERCHIM
Société par actions simplifiée
3
Rue
Adolphe Mion
34000
Montpellier
2022-04-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
914 294 228
RCS
Vienne
IF DRIVER
Société à Responsabilité Limitée
H.l.m. les Genêts
38780
Pont-Évêque
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
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977 706 597
RCS
Nîmes
LE SERAIL
Société par Actions Simplifiée
Président : VELDHUIJZEN VAN ZANTEN Nannette Nelieke Sofia nom d'usage : ZERGUI
1000.00
EUR
3
Place
Du Château
30140
Massillargues-Attuech
L'organisation de séjours bien-être avec ou sans prise en charge de séances sauna, massage. La location saisonnière de gîtes et accueil.
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2023-07-07
982 819 377
RCS
Albi
HGM DEVELOPPEMENT
Société par actions simplifiée
Président : MURATET Guilhem
10000.00
EUR
84b
Avenue
Berenguier
81800
Coufouleux
Création
siège et établissement principal
acquisition et détention de parts sociales et actions de toutes entreprises, exécution de tous travaux de conseil et management auprès des filiales
84b
Avenue
Berenguier
81800
Coufouleux
2023-12-22
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2023-12-12
CUISINES ARMONIA
Société par actions simplifiée
824 073 233
RCS
Besançon
Commerce de détail de meubles
2
route
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25000
Besançon
Jugement de clôture
Jugement de clôture pour insuffisance d'actif
2023-02-08
Jugement prononçant la clôture de la procédure de liquidation judiciaire pour insuffisance d'actif.
MERLET
Jean-Marie
453 475 840
RCS
Alençon
10
Boulevard
Vaugeois
61300
L'Aigle
2022-10-31
P3C
Société à responsabilité limitée
P3C
491 446 605
RCS
Coutances
Travaux d'installation d'eau et de gaz en tous locaux
route
de Pirou
le Bethelin
50190
Périers
Extrait de jugement
Jugement de plan de redressement
2023-02-07
Jugement arrêtant le plan de redressement, durée du plan 10 ans nomme Commissaire à l'exécution du plan Maître Giraudeau 7C, avenue de la République - 50200 Coutances .
848 789 558
RCS
Aurillac
MICRO 15 PRO
Société à Responsabilité Limitée
Zone
Commerciale de Montplain
15100
Andelat
2022-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
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948 091 970
RCS
Bordeaux
AUBERT
Elisa, Isabelle, Rachel
AUBERT
Création
établissement principal
coursier à vélo
58
Chemin
du Loup
Appt 01 Résidence les Portes d'Yvrac
33370
Yvrac
2023-01-23
Immatriculation d'une personne physique suite à création d'un établissement principal
2023-01-16
BIGEARD
Stéphane, Yannick, Claude
507 731 248
RCS
Angers
6
Allée
de la Grande Chesnaye
49110
Montrevault-sur-Èvre
2023-06-30
Radiation
TWINS
Société par actions simplifiée à associé unique
1000.00
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840 485 783
RCS
Quimper
7
Place
du 118ème Régiment d'Infanterie
29000
Quimper
7
Place
du 118ème Régiment d'Infanterie
29000
Quimper
O
Radiation d'office
880 810 726
RCS
Annecy
ED PATRIMOINE
Société par Actions Simplifiée
46
Chemin
Des Greffons
74330
Poisy
2021-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
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880 277 215
RCS
Nancy
POMPES FUNEBRES VOINOT
Société par actions simplifiée
98
Rue
Carnot
54170
Colombey-les-Belles
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
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SARL ANGES D'AZUR
Société à responsabilité limitée
35620.00
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824 515 993
RCS
Nice
Propriété, gestion , vente de tous les biens mobiliers et immobiliers et tous autres biens meubles et immeubles à quelque endroit qu'ils se trouvent.
2 bis
Rue
des Ponchettes
06300
Nice
Modification survenue sur le capital.
892 387 747
RCS
Bourges
TAXI FAUCARD
Société par actions simplifiée
19
Rue
Jacques Germain Soufflot
18000
Bourges
2021-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
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Société à responsabilité limitée
Allée
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Parc d'Activités Raonnais
88110
Raon-l'Étape
2022-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
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Société à responsabilité limitée
16
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88310
Ventron
2023-06-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
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| 44,242 |
https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%27%E0%A6%B2%20%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%B8
|
Wikipedia
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Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
ম'ল দিৱস
|
https://as.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ম'ল দিৱস&action=history
|
Assamese
|
Spoken
| 214 | 1,200 |
ম'ল দিৱস (ইংৰাজী:Mole Day) ৰসায়নবিদ, বিজ্ঞানী আৰু ছাত্ৰসকলে উদযাপন কৰা এক বিজ্ঞান বিষয়ৰ দিৱস। প্ৰতি বছৰে অক্টোবৰ মাহৰ ২৩ তাৰিখৰ পুৱা ৬ বাজি ২ মিনিটৰ পৰা আবেলি ৬ বাজি ২ মিনিটলৈ এই দিৱস পালন কৰা হয়। দিন লিখাৰ আমেৰিকান শৈলী মতে এই সময়ছোৱাক ৬:০২ ১০/২৩ হিচাপে লিখা হয়। এই দিন আৰু সময় বিখ্যাত এভ'গেদ্ৰ সংখ্যাৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছে। এই সংখ্যাৰ আনুমানিক মান ৬.০২ × ১০২৩। এক ম'ল পদাৰ্থত থকা কণা (অণু, পৰমাণু বা আয়ন)ৰ সংখ্যাক এভ'গেদ্ৰ সংখ্যাৰে সূচোৱা হয়। ম'ল হৈছে আন্তৰ্জাতিক একক পদ্ধতিৰ পদাৰ্থৰ পৰিমাণ বুজোৱা মৌলিক একক।
ম'ল দিৱসৰ আৰম্ভণি ১৯৮০ৰ দশকৰ "বিজ্ঞান শিক্ষক" (The Science Teacher) এক প্ৰবন্ধৰ যোগেৰে হৈছিল। এই প্ৰবন্ধৰ পৰা প্ৰেৰণা লাভ কৰি ১৫ মে, ১৯৯১ চনত মাউৰিক অহলেৰ নামৰ উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাৰ হাইস্কুল এখনৰ ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞানৰ শিক্ষক এজনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ম'ল দিৱস ফাউণ্ডেচন প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে।
আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ, দক্ষিণ আমেৰিকা, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া আৰু কানাডাৰ হাইস্কুল সমূহত ম'ল দিৱস সোনকালে জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ পৰিল। তেওঁলোকে ৰসায়ন আৰু ম'ল সম্বন্ধীয় কাৰ্যসূচী গ্ৰহণ কৰি মল দিৱস পালন কৰে।
আমেৰিকান কেমিকেল ছ'ছাইটিয়ে অক্টোবৰ মাহৰ ২৩ তাৰিখ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত দেওবাৰৰ পৰা শনিবাৰলৈ পালন কৰা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ৰসায়ন সপ্তাহ মল দিৱসৰ লগত জড়িত। বৰ্তমান ম'ল দিৱস এই সপ্তাহৰ মূল আকৰ্ষণ তথা অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ।
বৰ্তমান পৃথিৱীৰ প্ৰায়বোৰ দেশতে ভিন ভিন কাৰ্যসূচীৰ মাজেৰে ম'ল দিৱস পালন কৰা হয়।
লগতে চাওক
পাই দিৱস
তথ্য উৎস
বাহ্যিক সংযোগ
ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ম'ল দিৱস ফাউণ্ডেচনৰ ৱেবছাইট
দিৱসসমূহ
| 31,863 |
https://github.com/unoplatform/uno/blob/master/src/Uno.UI/UI/Xaml/Markup/Reader/XamlObjectBuilder.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,023 |
uno
|
unoplatform
|
C#
|
Code
| 3,761 | 13,423 |
#nullable enable
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using Uno.Extensions;
using Uno.UI;
using Uno.UI.Helpers.Xaml;
using Uno.UI.Xaml;
using Uno.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Data;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Documents;
using Windows.UI.Text;
using Windows.Foundation.Metadata;
using Color = Windows.UI.Color;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Resources;
#if __ANDROID__
using _View = Android.Views.View;
#elif __IOS__
using _View = UIKit.UIView;
#else
using _View = Windows.UI.Xaml.UIElement;
#endif
namespace Windows.UI.Xaml.Markup.Reader
{
internal partial class XamlObjectBuilder
{
private XamlFileDefinition _fileDefinition;
private readonly string? _fileUri;
private XamlTypeResolver TypeResolver { get; }
private readonly List<(string elementName, ElementNameSubject bindingSubject)> _elementNames = new List<(string, ElementNameSubject)>();
private readonly Stack<Type> _styleTargetTypeStack = new Stack<Type>();
private Queue<Action> _postActions = new Queue<Action>();
private static Type[] _genericConvertibles = new[]
{
typeof(Media.Brush),
typeof(Media.SolidColorBrush),
typeof(Color),
typeof(Thickness),
typeof(CornerRadius),
typeof(Media.FontFamily),
typeof(GridLength),
typeof(Media.Animation.KeyTime),
typeof(Duration),
typeof(Media.Matrix),
typeof(FontWeight),
};
public XamlObjectBuilder(XamlFileDefinition xamlFileDefinition)
{
_fileDefinition = xamlFileDefinition;
TypeResolver = new XamlTypeResolver(_fileDefinition);
}
internal XamlObjectBuilder(XamlFileDefinition xamlFileDefinition, string fileUri)
{
_fileDefinition = xamlFileDefinition;
_fileUri = fileUri;
TypeResolver = new XamlTypeResolver(_fileDefinition);
}
internal object? Build(object? component = null, bool createInstanceFromXClass = false)
{
var topLevelControl = _fileDefinition.Objects.First();
var instance = LoadObject(topLevelControl, rootInstance: null, component: component, createInstanceFromXClass: createInstanceFromXClass);
ApplyPostActions(instance);
return instance;
}
private object? LoadObject(XamlObjectDefinition? control, object? rootInstance, object? component = null, bool createInstanceFromXClass = false)
{
if (control == null)
{
return null;
}
if (
control.Type.Name == "NullExtension"
&& control.Type.PreferredXamlNamespace == XamlConstants.XamlXmlNamespace
)
{
return null;
}
var type = TypeResolver.FindType(control.Type);
var classMember = control.Members.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Member.Name == "Class" && m.Member.PreferredXamlNamespace == XamlConstants.XamlXmlNamespace);
if (createInstanceFromXClass && TypeResolver.FindType(classMember?.Value?.ToString()) is { } classType)
{
var created = Activator.CreateInstance(classType);
if (created is FrameworkElement fe && _fileUri is not null)
{
fe.SetBaseUri(fe.BaseUri.OriginalString, _fileUri, control.LineNumber, control.LinePosition);
}
return created;
}
if (type == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unable to find type {control.Type}");
}
var unknownContent = control.Members.Where(m => m.Member.Name == "_UnknownContent").FirstOrDefault();
var unknownContentValue = unknownContent?.Value;
var initializationMember = control.Members.Where(m => m.Member.Name == "_Initialization").FirstOrDefault();
var isBrush = type == typeof(Media.Brush);
if (type.Is<FrameworkTemplate>())
{
Func<_View?> builder = () =>
{
var contentOwner = unknownContent;
return LoadObject(contentOwner?.Objects.FirstOrDefault(), rootInstance: rootInstance) as _View;
};
var created = Activator.CreateInstance(type, builder);
if (created is FrameworkElement fe && _fileUri is not null)
{
fe.SetBaseUri(fe.BaseUri.OriginalString, _fileUri, control.LineNumber, control.LinePosition);
}
return created;
}
else if (type.Is<ResourceDictionary>())
{
var contentOwner = unknownContent;
if (Activator.CreateInstance(type) is ResourceDictionary rd)
{
foreach (var member in control.Members.Where(m => m != unknownContent))
{
ProcessNamedMember(control, rd, member, rd);
}
if (unknownContent is { })
{
ProcessResourceDictionaryContent(rd, unknownContent, rootInstance);
}
return rd;
}
else
{
throw new InvalidCastException();
}
}
else if (type.IsPrimitive && initializationMember?.Value is string primitiveValue)
{
return Convert.ChangeType(primitiveValue, type, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
}
else if (type == typeof(string) && initializationMember?.Value is string stringValue)
{
return stringValue;
}
else if (type == typeof(Media.Geometry) && unknownContentValue is string geometryStringValue)
{
var generated = Uno.Media.Parsers.ParseGeometry(geometryStringValue);
return (Media.Geometry)generated;
}
else if (
_genericConvertibles.Contains(type)
&& control.Members.Where(m => m.Member.Name == "_UnknownContent").FirstOrDefault()?.Value is string otherContentValue)
{
return XamlBindingHelper.ConvertValue(type, otherContentValue);
}
else
{
var instance = component ?? Activator.CreateInstance(type)!;
rootInstance ??= instance;
var instanceAsFrameworkElement = instance as FrameworkElement;
if (instanceAsFrameworkElement is not null)
{
instanceAsFrameworkElement.IsParsing = true;
if (_fileUri is not null)
{
instanceAsFrameworkElement.SetBaseUri(instanceAsFrameworkElement.BaseUri.OriginalString, _fileUri, control.LineNumber, control.LinePosition);
}
}
IDisposable? TryProcessStyle()
{
if (instance is Style style)
{
if (control.Members.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Member.Name == "TargetType") is XamlMemberDefinition targetTypeDefinition)
{
if (BuildLiteralValue(targetTypeDefinition) is Type targetType)
{
_styleTargetTypeStack.Push(targetType);
return Uno.Disposables.Disposable.Create(
() =>
{
if (_styleTargetTypeStack.Pop() != targetType)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("StyleTargetType is out of synchronization");
}
}
);
}
else
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"The type {targetTypeDefinition.Member.Type} is unknown");
}
}
}
return null;
}
using (TryProcessStyle())
{
foreach (var member in control.Members)
{
ProcessNamedMember(control, instance, member, rootInstance);
}
}
instanceAsFrameworkElement?.CreationComplete();
return instance;
}
}
private string RewriteAttachedPropertyPath(string? value)
{
value ??= "";
if (value.Contains("("))
{
foreach (var ns in _fileDefinition.Namespaces)
{
if (ns != null)
{
var clrNamespace = ns.Namespace.TrimStart("using:");
value = value.Replace("(" + ns.Prefix + ":", "(" + clrNamespace + ":");
}
}
var match = AttachedPropertyMatching().Match(value);
if (match.Success)
{
do
{
if (!match.Value.Contains(":"))
{
// if there is no ":" this means that the type is using the default
// namespace, so try to resolve the best way we can.
var parts = match.Value.Trim(new[] { '(', ')' }).Split(new[] { '.' });
if (parts.Length == 2)
{
var targetType = TypeResolver.FindType(parts[0]);
if (targetType != null)
{
var newPath = targetType.Namespace + ":" + targetType.Name + "." + parts[1];
value = value.Replace(match.Value, '(' + newPath + ')');
}
}
}
}
while ((match = match.NextMatch()).Success);
}
}
return value;
}
private void ProcessNamedMember(
XamlObjectDefinition control,
object instance,
XamlMemberDefinition member,
object rootInstance)
{
// Exclude attached properties, must be set in the extended apply section.
// If there is no type attached, this can be a binding.
if (TypeResolver.IsType(control.Type, member.Member.DeclaringType)
&& !TypeResolver.IsAttachedProperty(member)
|| member.Member.Name == "_UnknownContent"
// && FindEventType(member.Member) == null
)
{
if (instance is TextBlock textBlock)
{
ProcessTextBlock(control, textBlock, member, rootInstance);
}
else if (instance is Documents.Span span && member.Member.Name == "_UnknownContent")
{
ProcessSpan(control, span, member, rootInstance);
}
// WinUI assigned ContentProperty syntax
else if (
instance is ColumnDefinition columnDefinition &&
member.Member.Name == "_UnknownContent" &&
member.Value is string columnDefinitionContent &&
!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(columnDefinitionContent))
{
columnDefinition.Width = GridLength.ParseGridLength(columnDefinitionContent.Trim()).FirstOrDefault();
}
else if (
instance is RowDefinition rowDefinition &&
member.Member.Name == "_UnknownContent" &&
member.Value is string rowDefinitionContent &&
!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(rowDefinitionContent))
{
rowDefinition.Height = GridLength.ParseGridLength(rowDefinitionContent.Trim()).FirstOrDefault();
}
else if (member.Member.Name == "_UnknownContent"
&& TypeResolver.FindContentProperty(TypeResolver.FindType(control.Type)) == null
&& TypeResolver.IsCollectionOrListType(TypeResolver.FindType(control.Type)))
{
AddCollectionItems(instance, member.Objects, rootInstance);
}
else if (GetMemberProperty(control, member) is PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
{
if (member.Objects.None())
{
if (TypeResolver.IsInitializedCollection(propertyInfo)
// The Resources property has a public setter, but should be treated as an empty collection
|| IsResourcesProperty(propertyInfo)
)
{
// WinUI Grid succinct syntax
if (instance is Grid grid &&
(member.Member.Name == "ColumnDefinitions" || member.Member.Name == "RowDefinitions") &&
member.Member.PreferredXamlNamespace == XamlConstants.PresentationXamlXmlNamespace &&
member.Value is string definitions)
{
var values = definitions
.Split(',')
.Select(static definition => definition.Trim())
.ToArray();
foreach (var value in values)
{
var gridLength = GridLength.ParseGridLength(value).FirstOrDefault();
if (member.Member.Name == "ColumnDefinitions")
{
grid.ColumnDefinitions.Add(new ColumnDefinition
{
Width = gridLength,
});
}
else
{
grid.RowDefinitions.Add(new RowDefinition
{
Height = gridLength,
});
}
}
}
else
{
// Empty collection
}
}
else
{
if (propertyInfo.PropertyType == typeof(TargetPropertyPath))
{
ProcessTargetPropertyPath(instance, member, propertyInfo);
}
else
{
GetPropertySetter(propertyInfo).Invoke(instance, new[] { BuildLiteralValue(member, propertyInfo.PropertyType) });
}
}
}
else
{
if (IsMarkupExtension(member))
{
ProcessMemberMarkupExtension(instance, rootInstance, member, propertyInfo);
}
else
{
ProcessMemberElements(instance, member, propertyInfo, rootInstance);
}
}
}
else if (GetMemberEvent(control, member) is EventInfo eventInfo)
{
if (member.Value is string eventHandlerName)
{
SubscribeToEvent(instance, rootInstance, eventInfo, eventHandlerName, false);
}
else if (member.Objects.FirstOrDefault() is { } memberObject && memberObject.Type.Name == "Bind")
{
if (memberObject.Members.FirstOrDefault() is { } bindMember && bindMember.Value is string xBindEventHandlerName)
{
SubscribeToEvent(instance, rootInstance, eventInfo, xBindEventHandlerName, true);
}
}
}
else
{
// throw new InvalidOperationException($"The Property {member.Member.Name} does not exist on {member.Member.DeclaringType}");
}
}
else if (TypeResolver.IsAttachedProperty(member))
{
var dependencyProperty = TypeResolver.FindDependencyProperty(member);
if (dependencyProperty != null)
{
if (member.Objects.None())
{
(instance as DependencyObject)?.SetValue(dependencyProperty, BuildLiteralValue(member, dependencyProperty.Type));
}
else
{
if (IsMarkupExtension(member))
{
ProcessMemberMarkupExtension(instance, rootInstance, member, null);
}
else if (instance is DependencyObject dependencyObject)
{
ProcessMemberElements(dependencyObject, member, dependencyProperty, rootInstance);
}
else
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"{instance} is not a DependencyObject");
}
}
}
}
else if (member.Member.DeclaringType == null && member.Member.Name == "Name")
{
// This is a special case, where the declaring type is from the x: namespace,
// but is considered of an unknown type. This can happen when providing the
// name of a control using x:Name instead of Name.
if (TypeResolver.GetPropertyByName(control.Type, "Name") is PropertyInfo nameInfo)
{
GetPropertySetter(nameInfo).Invoke(instance, new[] { member.Value });
}
// Update x:Name generated fields, if any
if (rootInstance != null && member.Value is string nameValue)
{
var allMembers = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic;
var rootInstanceType = rootInstance.GetType();
if (TypeResolver.GetPropertyByName(rootInstanceType, nameValue, allMembers) is { } xNameProperty)
{
GetPropertySetter(xNameProperty).Invoke(rootInstance, new[] { instance });
}
else if (TypeResolver.GetFieldByName(rootInstanceType, nameValue, allMembers) is { } xNameField)
{
xNameField.SetValue(rootInstance, instance);
}
}
}
}
private static void SubscribeToEvent(object instance, object rootInstance, EventInfo eventInfo, string eventHandlerName, bool supportsParameterless)
{
var eventParamCount = eventInfo.EventHandlerType?.GetMethod("Invoke")?.GetParameters().Length ?? throw new InvalidOperationException();
var rootType = rootInstance.GetType();
var targetMethod = GetMethod(eventHandlerName, eventParamCount, rootType);
if (targetMethod != null)
{
var handler = targetMethod.CreateDelegate(eventInfo.EventHandlerType, rootInstance);
eventInfo.AddEventHandler(instance, handler);
}
else if (supportsParameterless && GetMethod(eventHandlerName, 0, rootType) is { } parameterlessMethod && eventParamCount <= 2)
{
var wrapper = new EventHandlerWrapper(rootInstance, parameterlessMethod);
var wrappedHandler = (typeof(EventHandlerWrapper).GetMethod(eventParamCount == 2 ? nameof(EventHandlerWrapper.Handler2) : nameof(EventHandlerWrapper.Handler1)))
?? throw new InvalidOperationException();
var handler = Delegate.CreateDelegate(
eventInfo.EventHandlerType,
wrapper,
wrappedHandler
); ;
eventInfo.AddEventHandler(instance, handler);
}
}
private static MethodInfo? GetMethod(string methodName, int paramCount, Type type)
=> type.GetMethods(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance)
.Where(m => m.Name == methodName && m.GetParameters().Length == paramCount)
.FirstOrDefault();
private void ProcessSpan(XamlObjectDefinition control, Span span, XamlMemberDefinition member, object rootInstance)
{
if (member.Objects.Count != 0)
{
foreach (var node in member.Objects)
{
if (LoadObject(node, rootInstance) is Inline inline)
{
span.Inlines.Add(inline);
}
}
}
if (member.Value != null)
{
span.Inlines.Add(
new Run
{
Text = member.Value.ToString()
}
);
}
}
private void ProcessTargetPropertyPath(object instance, XamlMemberDefinition member, PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
{
if (member.Value is string targetPath)
{
// This builds property setters for specified member setter.
var separatorIndex = targetPath.IndexOf(".", StringComparison.Ordinal);
var elementName = targetPath.Substring(0, separatorIndex);
var propertyName = targetPath.Substring(separatorIndex + 1);
if (instance is Setter setter)
{
setter.Target = new TargetPropertyPath(elementName, new PropertyPath(RewriteAttachedPropertyPath(propertyName)));
}
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException($"The property {propertyInfo} must be provided a value");
}
}
private void ProcessTextBlock(XamlObjectDefinition control, TextBlock instance, XamlMemberDefinition member, object rootInstance)
{
if (member.Objects.Any())
{
if (IsMarkupExtension(member))
{
ProcessMemberMarkupExtension(instance, rootInstance, member, null);
}
else
{
foreach (var node in member.Objects)
{
if (LoadObject(node, rootInstance) is Inline inline)
{
instance.Inlines.Add(inline);
}
}
}
}
else if (GetMemberProperty(control, member) is PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
{
GetPropertySetter(propertyInfo).Invoke(instance, new[] { BuildLiteralValue(member, propertyInfo.PropertyType) });
}
}
private void ProcessResourceDictionaryContent(ResourceDictionary rd, XamlMemberDefinition unknownContent, object? rootInstance)
{
// note: In order for static resolution to work, the referenced resources must be already parsed & added, which means:
// - MergedDictionaries should be processed before this method call.
// - Member resources should be all processed prior the resolution can began.
var delayedResolutionList = new List<IDependencyObjectStoreProvider>();
foreach (var child in unknownContent.Objects)
{
var childInstance = LoadObject(child, rootInstance);
var resourceKey = GetResourceKey(child);
var styleTargetType = childInstance is Style
? GetResourceTargetType(child) ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"No target type was specified (Line {child.LineNumber}:{child.LinePosition}")
: default;
if ((resourceKey ?? styleTargetType) is { } key)
{
rd.Add(key, childInstance);
}
if (HasAnyResourceMarkup(child) && childInstance is IDependencyObjectStoreProvider provider)
{
delayedResolutionList.Add(provider);
}
}
// Delay resolve static resources
foreach (var provider in delayedResolutionList)
{
provider.Store.UpdateResourceBindings(ResourceUpdateReason.StaticResourceLoading, rd);
}
}
private void ProcessMemberElements(DependencyObject instance, XamlMemberDefinition member, DependencyProperty property, object rootInstance)
{
if (TypeResolver.IsCollectionOrListType(property.Type))
{
object BuildInstance()
{
if (property.Type.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(IList<>))
{
return Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(List<>)!.MakeGenericType(property.Type.GenericTypeArguments[0]))!;
}
else
{
return Activator.CreateInstance(property.Type)!;
}
}
var collection = BuildInstance();
AddCollectionItems(collection, member.Objects, rootInstance);
instance.SetValue(property, collection);
}
else
{
instance.SetValue(property, LoadObject(member.Objects.First(), rootInstance: rootInstance));
}
}
private void ProcessMemberElements(object instance, XamlMemberDefinition member, PropertyInfo propertyInfo, object rootInstance)
{
if (TypeResolver.IsCollectionOrListType(propertyInfo.PropertyType))
{
if (propertyInfo.PropertyType.IsAssignableTo(typeof(ResourceDictionary)))
{
// A resource-dictionary property (typically FE.Resources) can only have two types of nested scenarios:
// 1. a single res-dict
// 2. zero-to-many non-res-dict resources
// Nesting multiple res-dict or a mix of (res-dict(s) + resource(s)) will throw:
// > Xaml Internal Error error WMC9999: This Member 'Resources' has more than one item, use the Items property
// It is also illegal to nested Page.Resources\ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionary without a ResourceDictionary node in between.
// > Xaml Xml Parsing Error error WMC9997: 'Unexpected 'PROPERTYELEMENT' in parse rule 'NonemptyPropertyElement ::= . PROPERTYELEMENT Content? ENDTAG.'.' Line number '13' and line position '5'.
// Case 1: a single res-dict
if (member.Objects is [var singleChild] &&
TypeResolver.FindType(singleChild.Type)?.IsAssignableTo(typeof(ResourceDictionary)) == true)
{
if (propertyInfo.SetMethod == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"The property {propertyInfo} does not provide a setter (Line {member.LineNumber}:{member.LinePosition}");
}
var rd = (ResourceDictionary)LoadObject(singleChild, rootInstance)!;
if (IsFrameworkElementResources(propertyInfo))
{
((FrameworkElement)instance).Resources = rd;
}
else
{
propertyInfo.SetMethod.Invoke(instance, new[] { rd });
}
}
// Case 2: zero-to-many non-res-dict resources
else if (member.Objects.All(x => TypeResolver.FindType(x.Type)?.IsAssignableTo(typeof(ResourceDictionary)) != true))
{
if (propertyInfo.GetMethod == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"The property {propertyInfo} does not provide a getter (Line {member.LineNumber}:{member.LinePosition}");
}
if (propertyInfo.GetMethod.Invoke(instance, null) is ResourceDictionary rd)
{
ProcessResourceDictionaryContent(rd, member, rootInstance);
}
else
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(
$"The property {propertyInfo} is not initialized (Line {member.LineNumber}:{member.LinePosition}). " +
$"Make sure the property is instanced from the constructor, or nest the resources under '{propertyInfo.PropertyType}'.");
}
}
else
{
throw new XamlParseException($"This Member '{propertyInfo.DeclaringType}.{propertyInfo.Name}' has more than one item, use the Items property");
}
static bool IsFrameworkElementResources(PropertyInfo propertyInfo) =>
propertyInfo.DeclaringType == typeof(FrameworkElement) &&
propertyInfo.Name == nameof(FrameworkElement.Resources);
}
else if (propertyInfo.DeclaringType?.IsAssignableTo(typeof(ResourceDictionary)) == true &&
propertyInfo.Name is nameof(ResourceDictionary.ThemeDictionaries) or nameof(ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries))
{
foreach (var child in member.Objects)
{
var rd = (ResourceDictionary)LoadObject(child, rootInstance)!;
if (propertyInfo.Name is nameof(ResourceDictionary.ThemeDictionaries))
{
((ResourceDictionary)instance).ThemeDictionaries.Add(GetResourceKey(child), rd);
}
else
{
((ResourceDictionary)instance).MergedDictionaries.Add(rd);
}
}
}
else if (propertyInfo.SetMethod?.IsPublic == true &&
member.Objects.Select(x => x.Type).Distinct().All(x => TypeResolver.FindType(x).Is(propertyInfo.PropertyType)))
{
// It is actually valid to have multiple nested collection containers under a property, however only the last will be kept.
foreach (var child in member.Objects)
{
var collection = LoadObject(child, rootInstance: rootInstance);
GetPropertySetter(propertyInfo).Invoke(instance, new[] { collection });
}
}
else if (propertyInfo.SetMethod?.IsPublic == true
&& TypeResolver.IsNewableType(propertyInfo.PropertyType))
{
var collection = Activator.CreateInstance(propertyInfo.PropertyType);
AddCollectionItems(collection!, member.Objects, rootInstance);
GetPropertySetter(propertyInfo).Invoke(instance, new[] { collection });
}
else if (TypeResolver.IsInitializedCollection(propertyInfo))
{
if (propertyInfo.GetMethod == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"The property {propertyInfo} does not provide a getter (Line {member.LineNumber}:{member.LinePosition}");
}
var propertyInstance = propertyInfo.GetMethod.Invoke(instance, null);
if (propertyInstance != null)
{
if (propertyInstance is IDictionary<object, object> propertyInstanceAsDictionary)
{
AddGenericDictionaryItems(propertyInstanceAsDictionary, member.Objects, rootInstance);
}
else
{
AddCollectionItems(propertyInstance, member.Objects, rootInstance);
}
}
else
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"The property {propertyInfo} getter did not provide a value (Line {member.LineNumber}:{member.LinePosition}");
}
}
else
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unsupported collection type {propertyInfo.PropertyType} on {propertyInfo}");
}
}
else
{
GetPropertySetter(propertyInfo).Invoke(instance, new[] { LoadObject(member.Objects.First(), rootInstance: rootInstance) });
}
}
private static MethodInfo GetPropertySetter(PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
=> propertyInfo?.SetMethod ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unable to find setter for property [{propertyInfo}]");
private void ProcessMemberMarkupExtension(object instance, object? rootInstance, XamlMemberDefinition member, PropertyInfo? propertyInfo)
{
if (IsBindingMarkupNode(member))
{
ProcessBindingMarkupNode(instance, rootInstance, member);
}
else if (IsStaticResourceMarkupNode(member) || IsThemeResourceMarkupNode(member) || IsCustomResourceMarkupNode(member))
{
ProcessStaticResourceMarkupNode(instance, member, propertyInfo);
}
}
private void ProcessStaticResourceMarkupNode(object instance, XamlMemberDefinition member, PropertyInfo? propertyInfo)
{
var resourceNode = member.Objects.FirstOrDefault();
if (resourceNode != null)
{
var keyName = resourceNode.Members.FirstOrDefault()?.Value?.ToString();
var dependencyProperty = TypeResolver.FindDependencyProperty(member);
if (keyName != null
&& dependencyProperty != null
&& instance is DependencyObject dependencyObject)
{
if (IsCustomResourceMarkupNode(member))
{
var objectType = dependencyObject.GetType().FullName;
var propertyName = dependencyProperty.Name;
var propertyType = dependencyProperty.Type.FullName;
var resource = CustomXamlResourceLoader.Current?.GetResourceInternal(keyName, objectType, propertyName, propertyType);
if (resource != null && resource.GetType() == dependencyProperty.Type)
{
dependencyObject.SetValue(dependencyProperty, resource);
}
}
else
{
ResourceResolver.ApplyResource(
dependencyObject,
dependencyProperty,
keyName,
isThemeResourceExtension: IsThemeResourceMarkupNode(member),
isHotReloadSupported: true);
if (instance is FrameworkElement fe)
{
fe.Loading += delegate
{
fe.UpdateResourceBindings();
};
}
}
}
else if (propertyInfo != null)
{
GetPropertySetter(propertyInfo).Invoke(
instance,
new[] { ResourceResolver.ResolveResourceStatic(keyName, propertyInfo.PropertyType) }
);
if (instance is Setter setter && propertyInfo.Name == "Value")
{
// Register StaticResource/ThemeResource assignations to Value for resource updates
setter.ApplyThemeResourceUpdateValues(
keyName,
null,
IsThemeResourceMarkupNode(member),
true
);
}
}
}
}
private static object? ResolveStaticResource(object? instance, string? keyName)
{
var staticResource = (instance as FrameworkElement)
.Flatten(i => (i?.Parent as FrameworkElement))
.Select(fe =>
{
if (fe != null
&& fe.Resources.TryGetValue(keyName, out var resource, shouldCheckSystem: false))
{
return resource;
}
return null;
})
.Concat(ResourceResolver.ResolveTopLevelResource(keyName))
.Trim()
.FirstOrDefault();
return staticResource;
}
private bool IsStaticResourceMarkupNode(XamlMemberDefinition member)
=> member.Objects.Any(o => o.Type.Name == "StaticResource");
private bool IsThemeResourceMarkupNode(XamlMemberDefinition member)
=> member.Objects.Any(o => o.Type.Name == "ThemeResource");
private bool IsCustomResourceMarkupNode(XamlMemberDefinition member)
=> member.Objects.Any(o => o.Type.Name == "CustomResource");
private bool IsResourcesProperty(PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
=> propertyInfo.Name == "Resources" && propertyInfo.PropertyType == typeof(ResourceDictionary);
private void ProcessBindingMarkupNode(object instance, object? rootInstance, XamlMemberDefinition member)
{
var binding = BuildBindingExpression(instance, rootInstance, member);
if (instance is IDependencyObjectStoreProvider provider)
{
var dependencyProperty = TypeResolver.FindDependencyProperty(member);
if (dependencyProperty != null)
{
provider.Store.SetBinding(dependencyProperty, binding);
}
else if (TypeResolver.GetPropertyByName(member.Owner.Type, member.Member.Name) is PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
{
if (member.Objects.Empty())
{
GetPropertySetter(propertyInfo).Invoke(instance, new[] { BuildLiteralValue(member, propertyInfo.PropertyType) });
}
else
{
GetPropertySetter(propertyInfo).Invoke(instance, new[] { BuildBindingExpression(null, rootInstance, member) });
}
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException($"Unknown dependency property {member.Member}");
}
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException($"Binding is not supported on {member.Member}");
}
}
private Binding BuildBindingExpression(object? instance, object? rootInstance, XamlMemberDefinition member)
{
var bindingNode = member.Objects.FirstOrDefault(o => o.Type.Name == "Binding");
var templateBindingNode = member.Objects.FirstOrDefault(o => o.Type.Name == "TemplateBinding");
var xBindNode = member.Objects.FirstOrDefault(o => o.Type.Name == "Bind");
var binding = new Data.Binding();
if (templateBindingNode != null)
{
binding.RelativeSource = RelativeSource.TemplatedParent;
}
if (xBindNode != null)
{
binding.Source = rootInstance;
// TODO: here we should be setting Mode to OneTime by default, and we should also respect x:DefaultBindMode values set
// further up in the tree.
}
if (bindingNode == null && templateBindingNode == null && xBindNode == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Unable to find Binding or TemplateBinding or x:Bind node");
}
foreach (var bindingProperty in (bindingNode ?? templateBindingNode ?? xBindNode)!.Members)
{
switch (bindingProperty.Member.Name)
{
case "_PositionalParameters":
case nameof(Binding.Path):
binding.Path = RewriteAttachedPropertyPath(bindingProperty.Value?.ToString());
break;
case nameof(Binding.ElementName):
var subject = new ElementNameSubject();
binding.ElementName = subject;
if (bindingProperty.Value?.ToString() is { } value)
{
AddElementName(value, subject);
}
break;
case nameof(Binding.TargetNullValue):
binding.TargetNullValue = bindingProperty.Value?.ToString();
break;
case nameof(Binding.FallbackValue):
binding.FallbackValue = bindingProperty.Value?.ToString();
break;
case nameof(Binding.UpdateSourceTrigger):
if (Enum.TryParse<UpdateSourceTrigger>(bindingProperty.Value?.ToString(), out var trigger))
{
binding.UpdateSourceTrigger = trigger;
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException($"Invalid binding mode {bindingProperty.Value}");
}
break;
case nameof(Binding.RelativeSource):
if (bindingProperty.Objects.First() is XamlObjectDefinition relativeSource && relativeSource.Type.Name == "RelativeSource")
{
var relativeSourceValue = relativeSource.Members.FirstOrDefault()?.Value?.ToString()?.ToLowerInvariant();
switch (relativeSourceValue)
{
case "templatedparent":
binding.RelativeSource = RelativeSource.TemplatedParent;
break;
default:
throw new NotSupportedException($"RelativeSource {relativeSourceValue} is not supported");
}
}
break;
case nameof(Binding.Mode):
if (Enum.TryParse<Data.BindingMode>(bindingProperty.Value?.ToString(), out var mode))
{
binding.Mode = mode;
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException($"Invalid binding mode {bindingProperty.Value}");
}
break;
case nameof(Binding.ConverterParameter):
binding.ConverterParameter = bindingProperty.Value?.ToString();
break;
case nameof(Binding.Converter):
if (
bindingProperty.Objects.First() is XamlObjectDefinition converterResource
)
{
if (converterResource.Type.Name == "StaticResource")
{
var staticResourceName = converterResource.Members.FirstOrDefault()?.Value?.ToString();
void ResolveResource()
{
var staticResource = ResolveStaticResource(instance, staticResourceName);
if (staticResource != null)
{
binding.Converter = staticResource as IValueConverter;
}
}
_postActions.Enqueue(ResolveResource);
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException($"Markup extension {converterResource.Type.Name} is not supported for Bindiner.Converter");
}
}
break;
default:
throw new NotSupportedException($"Binding option {bindingProperty.Member} is not supported");
}
}
return binding;
}
private void AddElementName(string elementName, ElementNameSubject subject)
{
_elementNames.Add((elementName, subject));
}
private bool IsBindingMarkupNode(XamlMemberDefinition member)
=> member.Objects.Any(o => o.Type.Name == "Binding" || o.Type.Name == "TemplateBinding" || o.Type.Name == "Bind");
private bool HasAnyResourceMarkup(XamlObjectDefinition member)
{
foreach (var childMember in member.Members)
{
if (IsStaticResourceMarkupNode(childMember) || IsThemeResourceMarkupNode(childMember))
{
return true;
}
foreach (var childObject in member.Objects)
{
if (HasAnyResourceMarkup(childObject))
{
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
private static bool IsMarkupExtension(XamlMemberDefinition member)
=> member
.Objects
.Where(m =>
m.Type.Name == "Binding"
|| m.Type.Name == "Bind"
|| m.Type.Name == "StaticResource"
|| m.Type.Name == "ThemeResource"
|| m.Type.Name == "CustomResource"
|| m.Type.Name == "TemplateBinding"
)
.Any();
private void AddGenericDictionaryItems(
IDictionary<object, object> dictionary,
IEnumerable<XamlObjectDefinition> nonBindingObjects,
object rootInstance)
{
foreach (var child in nonBindingObjects)
{
var item = LoadObject(child, rootInstance: rootInstance);
var resourceKey = GetResourceKey(child);
if (resourceKey != null && item != null)
{
dictionary[resourceKey] = item;
}
}
}
private void AddDictionaryItems(object collectionInstance, IEnumerable<XamlObjectDefinition> nonBindingObjects, object rootInstance)
{
MethodInfo? addMethodInfo = null;
foreach (var child in nonBindingObjects)
{
var item = LoadObject(child, rootInstance: rootInstance);
if (addMethodInfo == null)
{
addMethodInfo = collectionInstance
.GetType()
.GetMethods(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy | BindingFlags.Public)
.Where(m => m.Name == "set_Item")
.FirstOrDefault(m => m.GetParameters() is { Length: 1 } p
&& (item?.GetType() ?? typeof(object)).Is(p[0].ParameterType))
?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"The type {collectionInstance.GetType()} does not contains an Add({item?.GetType()}) method");
}
addMethodInfo.Invoke(collectionInstance, new[] { item });
}
}
private void AddCollectionItems(object collectionInstance, IEnumerable<XamlObjectDefinition> nonBindingObjects, object rootInstance)
{
MethodInfo? addMethodInfo = null;
foreach (var child in nonBindingObjects)
{
var item = LoadObject(child, rootInstance: rootInstance);
if (addMethodInfo == null)
{
addMethodInfo = collectionInstance
.GetType()
.GetMethods(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy | BindingFlags.Public)
.Where(m => m.Name == "Add")
.FirstOrDefault(m => m.GetParameters() is { Length: 1 } p
&& (item?.GetType() ?? typeof(object)).Is(p[0].ParameterType))
?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"The type {collectionInstance.GetType()} does not contains an Add({item?.GetType()}) method");
}
addMethodInfo.Invoke(collectionInstance, new[] { item });
}
}
private MethodInfo? FindAddMethod(object collectionInstance, Type? itemType)
{
return collectionInstance.GetType()
.GetMethods(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy | BindingFlags.Public)
.Where(m => m.Name == "Add")
.FirstOrDefault(m =>
m.GetParameters() is { Length: 1 } p &&
(itemType ?? typeof(object)).Is(p[0].ParameterType)
);
}
private object? GetResourceKey(XamlObjectDefinition child) =>
child.Members.FirstOrDefault(m =>
string.Equals(m.Member.Name, "Name", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
string.Equals(m.Member.Name, "Key", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
)
?.Value
?.ToString();
private Type? GetResourceTargetType(XamlObjectDefinition child) => TypeResolver.FindType(
child.Members
.FirstOrDefault(m => string.Equals(m.Member.Name, "TargetType", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
?.Value
?.ToString() ??
""
);
private PropertyInfo? GetMemberProperty(XamlObjectDefinition control, XamlMemberDefinition member)
{
if (member.Member.Name == "_UnknownContent")
{
var property = TypeResolver.FindContentProperty(TypeResolver.FindType(control.Type));
if (property == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"Implicit content is not supported on {control.Type}");
}
return property;
}
else
{
return TypeResolver.GetPropertyByName(control.Type, member.Member.Name);
}
}
private EventInfo? GetMemberEvent(XamlObjectDefinition control, XamlMemberDefinition member)
{
return TypeResolver.GetEventByName(control.Type, member.Member.Name);
}
private object? BuildLiteralValue(XamlMemberDefinition member, Type? propertyType = null)
{
if (member.Objects.None())
{
var memberValue = member.Value?.ToString();
propertyType = propertyType ?? TypeResolver.FindPropertyType(member.Member);
if (propertyType != null)
{
if (propertyType == typeof(Type))
{
return TypeResolver.FindType(memberValue);
}
else if (propertyType == typeof(DependencyProperty) && member.Owner.Type.Name == "Setter")
{
if (memberValue is { Length: > 0 } &&
PropertyPathPattern().Match(memberValue) is { Success: true, Groups: var g })
{
var declaringType = g["type"].Success ? TypeResolver.FindType(g["type"].Value) : _styleTargetTypeStack.Peek();
var propertyName = g["property"].Value;
if (TypeResolver.FindDependencyProperty(declaringType, propertyName) is DependencyProperty property)
{
return property;
}
else
{
throw new Exception($"The property {declaringType?.ToString() ?? g["type"].Name}.{propertyName} does not exist");
}
}
else
{
throw new Exception($"Invalid property path: {memberValue}");
}
}
else
{
return BuildLiteralValue(propertyType, memberValue);
}
}
else
{
throw new Exception($"The property {member.Owner?.Type?.Name}.{member.Member?.Name} is unknown");
}
}
else
{
var expression = member.Objects.First();
throw new NotSupportedException("MarkupExtension {0} is not supported.".InvariantCultureFormat(expression.Type.Name));
}
}
private object? BuildLiteralValue(Type propertyType, string? memberValue)
{
if (propertyType.GetCustomAttribute<CreateFromStringAttribute>() is { } createFromString)
{
var sourceType = propertyType;
var methodName = createFromString.MethodName;
if (createFromString.MethodName.Contains("."))
{
var splitIndex = createFromString.MethodName.LastIndexOf(".", StringComparison.Ordinal);
var typeName = createFromString.MethodName.Substring(0, splitIndex);
sourceType = TypeResolver.FindType(typeName);
methodName = createFromString.MethodName.Substring(splitIndex + 1);
}
if (sourceType?.GetMethod(methodName) is { } conversionMethod && conversionMethod.IsStatic && !conversionMethod.IsPrivate)
{
try
{
return conversionMethod.Invoke(null, new object?[] { memberValue });
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new XamlParseException("Executing [CreateFromString] method for type " + propertyType + " failed.", ex);
}
}
else
{
throw new XamlParseException("Method referenced by [CreateFromString] cannot be found for " + propertyType);
}
}
return Uno.UI.DataBinding.BindingPropertyHelper.Convert(() => propertyType, memberValue);
}
private void ApplyPostActions(object? instance)
{
while (_postActions.Count != 0)
{
_postActions.Dequeue()();
}
if (instance is FrameworkElement fe)
{
ResolveElementNames(fe);
}
}
private void ResolveElementNames(FrameworkElement root)
{
foreach (var (elementName, bindingSubject) in _elementNames)
{
if (root.FindName(elementName) is DependencyObject element)
{
bindingSubject.ElementInstance = element;
}
}
}
private class EventHandlerWrapper
{
private readonly object _instance;
private readonly MethodInfo _method;
public EventHandlerWrapper(object instance, MethodInfo method)
{
_instance = instance;
_method = method;
}
public void Handler2(object sender, object args)
{
_method.Invoke(_instance, Array.Empty<object>());
}
public void Handler1(object sender)
{
_method.Invoke(_instance, Array.Empty<object>());
}
}
#if !DISABLE_GENERATED_REGEX
[GeneratedRegex(@"(\(.*?\))")]
#endif
private static partial Regex AttachedPropertyMatching();
#if DISABLE_GENERATED_REGEX
private static partial Regex AttachedPropertyMatching()
=> new Regex(@"(\(.*?\))");
#endif
/// <summary>
/// Matches non-nested path like string: (xmlns:type.property)
/// where 'xmlns', 'type' and the parentheses are optional.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// The presence of both 'type' and 'property', doesnt automatically imply an attached property:
/// "The XAML parser also accepts dependency property names that include a qualifying class.
/// For example the parser interprets either "Button.Background" or "Control.Background"
/// as being a reference to the Background property in a style for a Button."
/// </remarks>
#if DISABLE_GENERATED_REGEX
private static Regex PropertyPathPattern() => new Regex(@"^\(?((?<xmlns>\w+):)?((?<type>\w+)\.)?(?<property>\w+)\)?$", RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture);
#else
[GeneratedRegex(@"^\(?((?<xmlns>\w+):)?((?<type>\w+)\.)?(?<property>\w+)\)?$", RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture)]
private static partial Regex PropertyPathPattern();
#endif
}
}
| 39,645 |
https://github.com/moonwave99/playa/blob/master/src/renderer/lib/player.ts
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Unlicense, MIT
| 2,021 |
playa
|
moonwave99
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 247 | 939 |
import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
import { encodePath } from '../utils/pathUtils';
type PlayerParams = {
audioElement: AudioElement;
resolution?: number;
}
export type PlaybackInfo = {
currentTime: number;
duration: number;
currentTrack: string;
isPlaying: boolean;
}
export const PLAYER_EVENTS = {
PLAY: 'player:play',
PAUSE: 'player:pause',
TICK: 'player:tick',
TRACK_ENDED: 'player:track-ended',
ERROR: 'player:error'
};
export interface AudioElement extends EventTarget {
play: Function;
pause: Function;
currentTime: number;
duration: number;
paused: boolean;
src: string;
currentSrc: string;
volume: number;
}
export default class Player extends EventEmitter {
private audioElement: AudioElement;
constructor({ audioElement }: PlayerParams) {
super();
this.audioElement = audioElement;
this.audioElement.addEventListener('playing', this._onPlaying.bind(this));
this.audioElement.addEventListener('pause', this._onPause.bind(this));
this.audioElement.addEventListener('ended', this._onEnded.bind(this));
this.audioElement.addEventListener('error', this._onError.bind(this));
this.audioElement.addEventListener('timeupdate', this._onTimeupdate.bind(this));
}
loadTrack(path: string): void {
if (path) {
this.audioElement.src = encodePath(path);
}
}
play(): void {
this.audioElement.play();
}
pause(): void {
this.audioElement.pause();
}
togglePlayback(): void {
if (!this.audioElement.src) {
return;
}
if (!this.audioElement.paused) {
this.audioElement.pause();
} else {
this.audioElement.play();
}
}
seekTo(position: number): void {
this.audioElement.currentTime = this.audioElement.duration * position;
}
getPlaybackInfo(): PlaybackInfo {
return {
currentTime: this.audioElement.currentTime,
duration: this.audioElement.duration || 0,
currentTrack: this.audioElement.currentSrc,
isPlaying: !this.audioElement.paused
};
}
isPlaying(): boolean {
return !this.audioElement.paused;
}
getVolume(): number {
return this.audioElement.volume;
}
setVolume(volume: number): void {
this.audioElement.volume = volume;
}
onLoad(handler: (event: Event) => void): () => void {
this.audioElement.addEventListener('loadedmetadata', handler);
return (): void => this.audioElement.removeEventListener('loadedmetadata', handler);
}
private _onPlaying(): void {
this.emit(PLAYER_EVENTS.PLAY, this.getPlaybackInfo());
}
private _onPause(): void {
this.emit(PLAYER_EVENTS.PAUSE, this.getPlaybackInfo());
}
private _onEnded(): void {
this.emit(PLAYER_EVENTS.TRACK_ENDED, this.audioElement.src);
}
private _onError(error: Error): void {
this.emit(PLAYER_EVENTS.ERROR, error, this.getPlaybackInfo());
}
private _onTimeupdate(): void {
this.emit(PLAYER_EVENTS.TICK, this.getPlaybackInfo());
}
}
| 48,155 |
52/halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr-halshs-00734807-document.txt_1
|
French-Science-Pile
|
Open Science
|
Various open science
| null |
None
|
None
|
French
|
Spoken
| 7,624 | 12,031 |
L'université à la rencontre des territoires ruraux : les stages professionnalisants comme ressource territoriale, l'exemple du dispositif StaRTer (région Rhône-Alpes) Grégoire Feyt, Yoann Morin, Pascale Vincent Titre de la communication (3 lignes max.) L'université à la rencontre des territoires ruraux : les stages professionnalisants comme ressource territoriale, l'exemple du dispositif StaRTer (région Rhône-Alpes)
Auteurs
: Feyt Grégoire Université Grenoble 1, PACTE UMR 5194 (CNRS, IEPG, UJF, UPMF), Grenoble, 38041, France Morin Yoann Université Grenoble 1, PACTE UMR 5194 (CNRS, IEPG, UJF, UPMF), Grenoble, 38041, France Vincent Pascale Université Catholique de Lyon, CIEDEL, Lyon, France Coordonnées : Laboratoire PACTE-Territoires, Institut de Géographie Alpine, 14bis Avenue Marie Reynoard, 38100 Grenoble, 04.76.82.20.88 et CIEDEL, 19, rue d'Enghien - 69002 Lyon, 04.72.77.87.50, 04.72.41.99.88. Auteurs correspondants : FEYT Grégoire, VINCENT Pascale, MORIN Yoann
Mots-clés (5 max.) : partenariat université-territoires, territorialisation de l'université, ressource territoriale, innovation
La communication
n'est pas issue d'un projet PSDR(1) 1. Rés
umé de la communication
(400
mots max)
La communication proposée s'efforcera de montrer, à partir de l'expérience du dispositif StaRTer2, en quoi et à quelles conditions les stages effectués par les étudiants en formation supérieure (formation technique supérieure, universitaire, écoles d'ingénieur) constituent un outil d'accroche non seulement entre l'université et le monde professionnel mais également entre l'université et les territoires géographiquement et « culturellement » éloignés des aires d'influence et des réseaux académiques. Dans cette perspective, les stages professionnalisants deviennent alors autant une ressource mobilisable par les territoires au service de leur projet, de leur développement et de l'innovation qu'un moyen de territorialiser l'université en la rapprochant de son tissu social local. 1 Les auteurs tiennent également à souligner le travail de Coralie Goulinet-Mateo, chargée de mission lors de la première édition du projet 2010-2011, dans le cadre d'un Diplôme de Recherche Technologique DRT effectué en apprentissage au sein de la Direction des Politiques Territoriales de la Région Rhône-Alpes et du GPRA Biovallée® (cf. bibliographie). 2 Les stages professionnalisants, ressource territoriale, Projet soutenu par la Région Rhône-Alpes dans le cadre de l'appel à projet « Université Citoyenne et Solidaire » 2010-11 puis 2012-13. Cet appel à projet entend favoriser la rencontre entre l'université et la société, le développement de l'université hors les murs, et l'immersion de l'université dans le tissu social local. Communication
Introduction : fracture? Coopération université<>territoires : réduire la Penser, concevoir, discuter, mettre en oeuvre, évaluer les politiques et plus largement les initiatives et pratiques des multiples acteurs institutionnels, socio-économiques, culturels du développement territorial ne peuvent que gagner à s'enrichir de l'apport, voire de l'implication directe des chercheurs ; symétriquement, les disciplines scientifiques, pour tout ou partie interpellées par les multiples et divers domaines, enjeux et registres du développement territorial, trouvent dans l'accroche au terrain et aux acteurs, des cadres de renouvellement des connaissances et de questionnements, d'expérimentation mais aussi et surtout de coopération transdisciplinaires, irremplaçables. La cause est en la matière entendue depuis longtemps, et nombre d'expériences ou de dispositifs fructueux, et notamment PSDR, sont là pour en témoigner. Cependant, au-delà de l'intérêt et de la nécessité d'une rencontre entre des chercheurs et des territoires, au-delà également de la richesse des acquis conceptuels et méthodologiques issus de ces coopérations, se pose la question sinon de la généralisation, du moins de ce que l'on pourrait appeler –sans la moindre connotation péjorative– la banalisation de ces pratiques, et de cette culture et posture. Or on ne peut en l'espèce que faire le constat d'une forme de fracture structurelle entre les territoires « branchés » à et avec la recherche, et ceux qui en sont éloignés, et ce pour des raisons aussi bien géographiques que sociologiques. Mais même en imaginant surmonter ces déterminants socio-spatiaux, on peut parler de fracture structurelle, dans la mesure où le nombre de chercheurs impliqués ou susceptibles de l'être, est sans commune mesure avec la multiplicité des territoires potentiellement concernés. Se pose alors la question de savoir comment, de manière plus générale, diffuse et équitable, rapprocher les territoires des scientifiques. Là encore –même si les chercheurs ne sont pas tous universitaires– apparaît en miroir pour les acteurs académiques l'enjeu de la territorialisation de l'université, c'est-à-dire de la capacité des établissements à inscrire leurs missions de recherche aussi bien que de formation, dans leur environnement socio-économique et territorial. Dans un système d'évaluation académique historiquement -et encore très largement- fondé sur des critères strictement scientifiques, pour ne pas dire disciplinaires, il reste en la matière beaucoup à faire, et surtout à inventer. I. Le projet StaRTer, à l'intersection entre mutations académiques et territoriales 1. Concentration des activités de recherche et professionnalisation des formations
Les lois de programme pour la recherche (2006) qui crée les Pôles de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur (PRES), et du 10 août 2007 relative aux libertés et responsabilités des universités (loi LRU) ont doté les universités d'une gouvernance nouvelle et de plus d'autonomie (financière et en matière de recrutement), et ont modifié le paysage de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche en France. Ces deux lois ont en effet pour logique la concentration spatiale et fonctionnelle du système d'enseignement supérieur afin d'améliorer le rendement d'activité et de performance. La tendance est donc à la concentration des activités universitaires, et à travers elles, du savoir. Les établissements d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche, désormais autonomes, sont potentiellement placés en situation de concurrence. Cette situation risque d'augmenter les disparités territoriales en matière d'accès à l'enseignement supérieur. Or, aujourd'hui, c'est une société basée sur l'économie de la connaissance qui émerge. En mars 2000, le Conseil européen de Lisbonne a inscrit dans ses axes de politique économique et de développement 20002010 (connue sous le nom de Stratégie de Lisbonne), la volonté de travailler à une économie de la connaissance de l'Union européenne qui soit « la plus compétitive et la plus dynamique du monde d'ici à 2010, capable d'une croissance économique durable, accompagnée d'une amélioration quantitative et qualitative de l'emploi et d'une plus grande cohésion sociale »3. Cette économie de la connaissance « tente de dépasser la préoccupation majeure des économistes pour les biens matériels et de porter l'attention sur des éléments intangibles qui ont à voir avec la production de savoir, de science, de compétences techniques et aussi de 'capital humain'». Ainsi, l'innovation et la connaissance prennent de plus en plus d'importance dans l'économie mondiale. C'est dans cette dynamique que la Région Rhône-Alpes a soutenu l'émergence du PRES à Lyon (créé en mars 2007), et celui de Grenoble (créé en juin 2009). La loi LRU oblige les universités à faciliter l'insertion professionnelle des étudiants. Dans ce sens, Valérie Pécresse4 et Xavier Bertrand5 ont installé, le 10 septembre 2007, un comité des stages et de la professionnalisation des cursus universitaires. htm Ministre de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche de 2007 à 2011. 5 Ministre du travail
,
des
Relations sociales et de la Solidarité de 2007
à 2009
6 http
://www.educpros
.
fr/
detail
-
article
/h/ad063d54b5/a/regions
-
et
-
enseignement
-
superieur
-
l
-
arf-veut-
pes
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-dans-
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-debat html
3 Symposium final PSDR 2012 Pour et Sur le Développement Régional 19-20-21 juin 2012 – Clermont-Fd - FRANCE
Face à la concentration des activités universitaires autour des grands pôles métropolitains et à l'augmentation sensible du nombre de formations professionnalisantes et de stagiaires potentiels, un équilibre subtil va devoir s'établir entre injonctions d'excellence (modalités d'évaluation, bibliométrie) et mise en place de nouvelles modalités d'accroche et de rencontre entre acteurs professionnels et territoriaux, et acteurs de l'enseignement supérieur et 2. Des mutations à l'oeuvre dans les territoires
De leur côté, le monde territorial et les collectivités sont soumis à de profondes mutations, potentiellement durables : réforme territoriale, transformations des cadres et modalités de la décision publique et des finances locales, mutations démographiques et d'activités, enjeux énergétiques Face à ces mutations de plus en plus diverses et complexes, les acteurs décisionnels et les praticiens de l'ingénierie de territoire sont confrontés à la nécessité de tout à la fois faire différent et différemment, en termes méthodologiques comme au plan conceptuel. Ce défi de la réflexivité et de la créativité, de l'expérimentation et de l'innovation pour penser et mettre en oeuvre un "autre" développement territorial, interpelle également les sciences du territoire dans leurs rapports au terrain et à l'action, et dans leurs pratiques de recherche et de formation. L'ingénierie externe, « ingénierie complémentaire » (Lachaud, 2009), dont le stage est une forme, est mobilisée de manière croissante. Les structures qui y ont recours identifient plusieurs avantages : le stage est moins couteux, le stagiaire peut avoir une grande liberté d'action et apporter un regard neuf, sur des temporalités assez longues. Le stage permet également de ne pas avoir à spécifier totalement la commande, à la différence du contexte de recours à l'expertise, espérant trio stagiaire-tuteur universitairetuteur professionnel arrive à clarifier la commande et les objectifs qui lui sont associés. Sur base de ces constats, mettre en musique et relier nouveaux besoins en connaissances et compétences, ingénierie sur les territoires et nouvelles formes de territorialisation de l'université, est un enjeu essentiel. Le projet StaRTer, qui envisage les stages et les stagiaires comme facteurs et vecteurs de l'articulation entre monde et monde académique, a été pensé en ce sens. II. Le projet StaRTer issu de démarches multiples d'articulation entre mondes académique et territorial en Rhône-Alpes 1.
Au
B
résil, l' «extension universitaire», 3ème pilier des missions de l'Université En 2007, Lygia Pupatto, ex-Secrétaire d'Etat aux Sciences et Technologies et à l'Enseignement Supérieur de
l
'Etat
Brésilien
du Paraná est venue présenter en Rhône-Alpes aux élus régionaux7, le programme d'extension universitaire « Universidade Sem Fronteiras ».
La notion d'
extension universitaire
, qui
comprend
celle
plus
restrictive
de vulgarisation universitaire, est fortement ancrée au Brésil.
On la retrouve
notamment
dans l'article 207 de la Constitution Fédérale Brésilienne de 19888. Le programme « Universidade Sem Fronteiras » est une compilation de projets qui vise à faire profiter directement les acteurs de l'Etat du Paraná – société civile, collectivités, associations, entreprises – des connaissances et enseignements produits par l'université. Cette politique est mise en oeuvre par le Conseil National de Développement Scientifique et Technologique, à travers des appels à projets thématiques organisés autour d'enjeux de développement. Les projets réalisés dans ce cadre sont variés, et permettent à des acteurs très éloignés les uns des autres, de travailler ensemble (coopératives, syndicats, associations et groupements divers, etc.). Ces acteurs sont soutenus dans ce processus par des 7 Lors d'une conférence à l'Université Lyon 2 8 Art. 207 - As universidades gozam de autonomia didático-científica, administrativa e de gestão financeira e patrimonial, e obedecerão ao princípio de indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Art. 207 – Les universités jouissent d'une autonomie dans leurs choix pédagogiques et scientifiques, dans leur gestion administrative, financière et patrimoniale, et obéissent au principe d'indissociabilité entre l'enseignement, la recherche et l'extension (la vulgarisation?). accompagnement qui jouent le rôle d' au des structures universitaires et autres acteurs impliqués dans les projets
des abilité. 280 villes du Paraná sur les 399 que compte l'Etat sont impliquées dans le programme ; plus de 5.400 étudiants et jeunes diplômés oeuvrent dans tout l'Etat, et près de 50 millions de réais ont été investis depuis le lancement du programme en 20079. Par cet échange d'expériences, les élus et techniciens de la Région Rhône-Alpes ont été sensibilisés à ce qui sera appelé plus tard « Responsabilité sociale de l'université ».
2. Emergence du réseau UniTeR-RA
Depuis 2006, le réseau UniTeR-RA (Universités et Territoires de Rhône-Alpes en Réseau) réunit un ensemble d'acteurs universitaires soucieux de réfléchir et d'agir dans le champ du développement territorial en partenariat avec les structures territoriales concernées, et ce, aussi bien dans le domaine de la recherche et de l'innovation que dans celui de la formation. Ce réseau s'est inscrit dans la première vague de programmes lancés dans le cadre du Schéma Enseignement Supérieur Recherche de la Région RhôneAlpes10. Le projet UniTeR-RA s'est concrétisé sous la forme d'une plate-forme collaborative réelle, et virtuelle, qui vise à développer et valoriser l'innovation territoriale par la rencontre entre acteurs territoriaux et acteurs de la recherche et de la formation, à travers la recherche-action, l'expérimentation partenariale, le transfert et la valorisation scientifique. Les activités du réseau se sont inscrites dans un partenariat privilégié avec deux directions de la Région Rhône-Alpes : celle des Politiques Territoriales et celle de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche. Depuis 2006, les actions menées par ce réseau ont été : La réalisation de travaux de recherche appliquée des apprentis en DRT accueillis par la DPT sur 1 ou 2 ans. 3. La mise en place de l'ObSTer : Observatoire des Stages professionnalisants en développement territorial
En 2006, grâce à la collaboration entre UniTeR-RA et les Directions des Politiques Territoriales (DPT) et de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (DEFI3S), est né l'Observatoire des Stages Professionnalisants en Développement Territorial (ObSTer). Cet observatoire a été conçu pour déceler des signaux faibles révélés par la présence des stagiaires de formations supérieures et professionnalisantes en rapport avec le développement territorial et/ou l'aménagement du territoire, dans les diverses structures d'accueil. Les principaux constats d'ObSTer ont été à l'origine de la réflexion permettant la préfiguration du projet StaRTer. Les résultats issus des enquêtes sont actualisés chaque année et mis à disposition sur le portail Territoires de la Région Rhône-Alpes12. 4. L'appel à projets UCS Sur la base des expériences rencontrées par les élus et les techniciens de la Région Rhône-Alpes, notamment au Brésil13, l'exécutif régional a lancé dès 2009 dans le cadre d'une politique plus large concernant la « Responsabilité sociale des Universités », l'appel à projet « Université citoyenne et solidaire ». La Région Rhône-Alpes a une double volonté : - être compétitive en matière de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur ; c' pourquoi elle soutient le développement des grands centres universitaires, notamment les PRES. - contribuer à une spatialisation raisonnée de l'offre en matière de recherche et de formation. La Région veut intégrer les universités dans les villes moyennes, afin d'équilibrer l'accès aux savoirs sur son territoire. Dans ce contexte, les villes moyennes deviennent les points d'ancrage nécessaires d'un aménagement universitaire raisonné et soutenable du territoire régional. Par-là, l'articulation entre les milieux économiques, universitaires et de recherche pourra se réaliser plus près des territoires et des besoins locaux. Les collectivités ont ici un rôle important dans le développement et l'accompagnement des échanges entre ces acteurs, au profit des populations locales. De récentes recherches en économie géographique et en économie régionale mettent à jour le fait que les établissements d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche constituent un levier de développement économique, social et culturel dans les territoires dans lesquels ils sont implantés 14. Sur la base de l'é
change
d'
expériences mené par la Région Rhone-Alpes avec l'Etat du Paraná au Brésil autour de l'« Universidade Sem Fronteras » développée au Parana.
14 AMABLE B. et ASKENAZY P., Introduction à l'économie de la connaissance, Contribution pour le rapport UNESCO Construire des sociétés du savoir, 2009, 21p. 15 GOULARD F., 2007, L'Enseignement Supérieur en France, Rapport pour le Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche. 13
C'est sur la base de ce dernier constat qu'a émergé l'appel à projet « Universités citoyennes et solidaires » dans le cadre de la politique « Responsabilité sociale de l'université » de la Région Rhône-Alpes. L'objectif premier de l'appel à projet est d'appuyer et de soutenir le développement de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche sur l'ensemble des territoires rhônalpins, à partir de solutions innovantes. Les objectifs de l'appel à projet16 se déclinent autour de trois enjeux stratégiques qui visent à favoriser l'implication de l'université dans le maintien de la cohésion sociale et le développement des territoires: - La rencontre entre l'université et la société. - Le développement de l'université hors les murs. - L'immersion de l'université dans le tissu social local. La suite du document permettra de montrer comment, sur la base de l'ensemble de ces expériences et opportunités développées en Rhône-Alpes, le projet StaRTer a pu émerger.
III. Les stages et les stagiaires : facteurs et vecteurs privilégiés de la relation université<>territoire 1. Les vocations « classiques » du stage a. Le stage, un enjeu pluriel pour l'étudiant
Les stages des formations supérieures et professionnalisantes constituent pour les étudiants un enjeu fort par rapport à leur entrée dans le monde du travail. Comme le rappelle Nicolas Escourrou17, le stage constitue à la fois une première expérience professionnelle, et une occasion de mettre en pratique les compétences et connaissances acquises et/ou développées en formation ; il permet également d'en acquérir de nouvelles, de gagner en maturité et en savoir-être, et de constituer les bases d'un futur réseau professionnel. Le stage et « la pratique facilitent ainsi la construction de savoirs particuliers et renforcent les méthodes d'apprentissage traditionnelles » (Escourrou, 2008). Ainsi, le « stage mission ou projet » permet à l'étudiant de devenir un professionnel au sens de Guy Le Boterf (1999), c'est-à-dire d'être capable de « gérer une situation professionnelle complexe ». En effet, dans le cadre de son stage, l'étudiant doit « poser ou résoudre un problème ». Dans la perspective qui est la nôtre, le stage constitue également pour l'étudiant le moyen de s'immerger au sein d'un territoire et d'un réseau d'acteurs socio-économique et locaux. Cet enjeu « transcende » celui de la professionnalisation dans sa dimension «fonctionnelle ». Par son stage l'étudiant a l'opportunité d'entrer en prise directe avec ses futurs interlocuteurs professionnels, mais également de réfléchir à son statut, sa position de citoyen et sa responsabilité d'acteur. Enfin, les stages peuvent amener incidemment les étudiants majoritairement d'origine et de culture urbaine à être confrontés à d'autres pratiques et
s territoriales. b. Le stage professionnalisant, une ressource pour la structure d'accueil
Dans l'imaginaire collectif, l'accueil de stagiaire apparait souvent comme un « devoir moral » pour la structure, ce qui laisse entendre que c'est aussi – et principalement – une charge. Pour ce qui a pu être vérifié dans le champ du développement territorial, la réalité est tout autre. Ainsi, dès sa mise en oeuvre en 2007, l'un des premiers constats de l'Observatoire des Stages Professionnalisants en Développement Territorial (ObSTer)18 a été qu'au-delà de l'étudiant, la structure d'accueil pouvait aussi y
16 Règlement de l'appel à projet « Universités citoyennes et solidaires » disponible http://www.rhonealpes.fr/include/viewFile.php?idtf=8313&path=b1%2FWEB_CHEMIN_8313_1302180292.pdf 17 18 ESCOURROU Nicolas, « Le stage : lien privilégié entre formation et emploi », Nanterre, Juin 2008, 11p. 2. Les stages, facteurs d'innovation mais révélateurs de fracture territoriale
Comme indiqué plus haut, la vocation de l'ObSTer est de déceler les signaux faibles révélés par la présence de stagiaires des formations supérieures et professionnalisantes en rapport avec le développement territorial et/ou l'aménagement du territoire, dans les diverses structures d'accueil. Au-delà des intérêts du stage pour les structures d'accueil, il est donc intéressant de revenir sur les principaux constats révélés par ObSTer.
a. Les stages sont des leviers d'innovation largement mobilisés par les structures du développement territorial
L'un des principaux constats de l'enquête menée de 2007 à 2011 par l'ObSTer a été que les stages professionnalisants en rapport avec le développement territorial ou l'aménagement du territoire sont très souvent vecteurs d'innovation ou d'inédit pour les structures d'accueil.
Figure 1 : Degré d'innovation des stages réalisés par les étudiants ayant répondu à la question « Votre
mission de stage porta
it
-elle sur une fonction habituelle
ou
usuelle pour la structure
ou
au contraire revêtait un caractère inédit ou innovant par rapport
à
l'activité de
l'organisme
? » entre 2007 et
2010
dans le cadre de l'ObSTer (Goulinet-Matéo, 2011). 19 Disponible au lien suivant : http://territoires.rhonealpes.fr/IMG/pdf_Memoire_M_Bourdat-2.pdf
20 Lachaud Virginie, Nature et conditions de l'efficacité de l'ingénierie territoriale complémentaire mobilisée dans le cadre des CDDRA, mémoire de DRT, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, octobre 2009, 142p. 21 ETD., Les moyens d'ingénierie des pays. Pour quels projets, Les notes de l'Observatoire, avr-04
Comme le montre cette figure, près de la moitié des missions sont considérées comme inédites ou innovantes par l'étudiant. La réponse à la question posée étant essentiellement basée sur le ressenti des stagiaires, une question ouverte permet aux étudiants de préciser ce qu'ils entendent par inédit ou innovant.
Figure 2 : Caractérisation du type d'innovation par les stagiaires ayant désigné leur stage comme innovant, enquête ObSTer (Goulinet-Matéo, 2011).
Les missions désignées comme innovantes s'inscrivent en général dans un contexte de changement ou de crise dans la structure.
Figure 3 : Contexte de réalisation et degré d'innovation des stages, enquête ObSTer (Goulinet-Matéo, 2011).
Les structures d'accueil confient aux stagiaires des missions inédites et/ou à la marge des activités ou méthodes habituelles. Aussi, au regard de ces constats, le stage apparaît comme un levier capable d'accompagner, voire de favoriser l'innovation. De ce fait, on peut considérer le stage comme un outil permettant potentiellement d'articuler la recherche aux compétences internes des structures d'accueil. Un déficit de stagiaires important dans les zones en marge des grands pôles métropolitains et universitaires
Le second constat important de l'ObSTer est que les territoires ruraux peinent à attirer les stagiaires. L'enquête ObSTer conduite depuis 2007 a mis à jour une disparité importante dans la répartition des stages sur les territoires rhônalpins. Comme le montre cette carte, la grande majorité des stages réalisés en Rhône-Alpes (soit 63% du total) sont réalisés autour des grands pôles métropolitains et universitaires, que sont par ordre d'importance Lyon, Grenoble et Saint-Etienne. De manière plus spécifique, le territoire du Grand Lyon concentre 31% des stages, et celui de Grenoble Alpes Métropole 24%. A l'inverse, les départements de l'Ain, de l'Ardèche, de la Drôme et de Haute-Savoie n'accueillent que 14% des stages. Cette observation n'est valable que pour les 341 stagiaires ayant répondu à l'ObSTer en 2007 et 2010, dans des domaines en rapport avec le développement territorial ou l'aménagement. Selon toute vraisemblance, des écarts identiques pourraient se vérifier pour des domaines de formation totalement différents. Ainsi, la majorité des stages se concentrent autour des grands pôles métropolitains et universitaires. Les territoires ruraux, qui reçoivent peu de stagiaires, subissent donc une double peine : - sans université ou formation de plein exercice sur leur territoire, les potentialités d'interconnaissance et de travail en commun sont limitées ; - faute d'être lisibles et visibles pour les étudiants des pôles universitaires, les territoires ruraux peinent à les attirer sur les missions qu'ils proposent.
Figure 4: Localisation des stages effectués par les étudiants ayant répondu à l'ObSTer entre 2007 et 2010. Plusieurs facteurs permettent d'expliquer la concentration des stagiaires autour des pôles métropolitains et universitaires : - Les réseaux professionnels, partenariaux, mais aussi interpersonnels (entre responsables et enseignants pédagogiques d'une part, et potentielles structures de stage d'autre part) sont plus denses autour de ces pôles du fait de l'intervention de professionnels dans les cursus pédagogiques, ou du fait de l'organisation d'ateliers de mise en situation sur les territoires. L'interconnaissance y est donc plus importante. - Les pôles métropolitains offrent aux étudiants des commodités plus difficiles à trouver en zone plus rurale : logement, transport, réseau familiaux et/ou amicaux, offre culturelle L'émergence du projet StaRTer
Les analyses issues de l'ObSTer ont permis d'énoncer les deux principaux constats à l'origine de StaRTer : (1) Les stages professionnalisants sont des leviers d'innovation pour les structures d'accueil. (2) Il existe une grande disparité dans la répartition des stagiaires selon les territoires de RhôneAlpes, notamment entre zones métropolitaines et zones plus rurales. A partir de ces constats, l'hypothèse que le projet StaRTer se propose de vérifier s'est construite : « Outre l'intérêt qu'y trouvent les étudiants aussi bien que les structures d'accueil, les stages professionnalisants de longue durée, réalisés dans le cadre de formations de type Licence Pro et Master, constituent un moyen privilégié de mise en relation entre les ressources académiques et les territoires à l'écart des aires d'influence et des réseaux universitaires » 1. La rencontre entre les différents acteurs du projet StaRTer dans le cadre de l'appel à projet « Universités citoyennes et solidaires » Comme présenté antérieurement, le but de cet appel à projet est d'appuyer et de soutenir le développement de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche sur l'ensemble des territoires rhônalpins, à partir de solutions innovantes. Les objectifs de l'appel à projet22 se déclinent autour de trois enjeux stratégiques qui visent à favoriser l'implication de l'université dans le maintien de la cohésion sociale et le développement des territoires : - La rencontre entre l'université et la société. - Le développement de l'université hors les murs. - L'immersion de l'université dans le tissu social local. Ces trois enjeux renvoient à la question de la territorialisation de l'université en Rhône-Alpes et aux problématiques qui y sont associées (Vincent, 2011) : - s solutions pour prendre en compte les spécificités et réalités territoriales multiples en Rhône-Alpes? - Quelles solutions pour assurer la présence de l'université sur tous les territoires de Rhône-Alpes et sous des formes différentes de l'établissement de plein exercice? Ces deux questions renvoient à la notion d'ancrage territorial de l'université. 11 au lien suivant : S final
2012 Pour et Sur D Régional 19- juin 2012 – Clermont-Fd - FRANCE 2.
La
rencontre
entre
le
territoire Biovallée® engagé dans la mise en place d'un « territoirelaboratoire », et le réseau UniTeR-RA Depuis 2005, la Région Rhône-Alpes a initié une politique novatrice en matière d'aménagement et de développement durable du territoire régional23 : la politique des « Grands Projets Rhône-Alpes » (GPRA) qui vise à ériger la région en éco-région de référence au niveau européen. Les Grands Projets donnent lieu à une « labellisation » et à une contractualisation avec des collectivités ou des acteurs publics, avec pour objectifs stratégi ménage territo - , - 'inscrire dans la pr et la valorisation de 'environnement - Mobil et et au rayonnement de la Région hône Alpes.
Bioval ®. ® ses ur de de développement - l'aménagement du ire tière de développement humain durable; - la valorisation des bio- sources, et le co activités ; la construction un territoire –
écol
e / territoire – laboratoire25. C'est principalement dans le troisième axe que s'est inscrite l'expérimentation StaRTer, même si le dispositif a aussi été pensé au service des deux premiers axes. L'opérationnalisation de la notion de territoire-laboratoire renvoie à trois niveaux d'intervention : • Le repérage des besoins de connaissances et de compétences du territoire (entendu au sens des acteurs locaux participant au projet Biovallée), et l'organisation des conditions de leur mise à disposition. Ce niveau concerne à la fois l'identification des besoins du territoire, la constitution des conditions de réponse aux besoins, et la mobilisation des diverses ressources (formations, stagiaires, chercheurs). • Le second niveau d'accompagnement est celui de l'action : expérimentations de nouvelles organisations, de nouvelles manières de faire, suivi, veille sur les pratiques, expérimentations dans les mêmes champs et partage de connaissances et d'expériences. V. La mise en oeuvre du projet StaRTer
Pour permettre aux stages de contribuer au développement et à la diffusion de l'innovation –industrielle, sociale ou territoriale– au-delà des pôles métropolitains, le dispositif StaRTer propose de : 1) Susciter et faciliter la venue et l'accueil de stagiaires sur des missions en rapport avec les axes du projet de territoire ou de filière, au travers d'une démarche, d'une part de sensibilisation et d'assistance des structures d'accueil potentielles (entreprises, collectivités, associations), et d'autre part de mise en relation avec les formations universitaires correspondantes. 2) Mettre les stagiaires en réseau (ainsi que leurs tuteurs), et donner une valeur ajoutée et un sens supplémentaire au stage à travers des rencontres régulières visant à faciliter leur intégration et leur vie quotidienne dans le territoire, mais également à les sensibiliser au projet de territoire ou de filière. 3) Contribuer à favoriser l'innovation à travers la confrontation opérée par et via les stagiaires, entre des disciplines et des activités souvent complémentaires, mais que le quotidien aussi bien professionnel qu'universitaire tend souvent à cloisonner, le territoire ou la filière jouant ici pleinement sa fonction de catalyseur. Le dispositif a travaillé à la rencontre de deux points de vue différents : celui du territoire et celui de l'université. Pour ce faire, il s'est donné pour objectif de construire avec le territoire un dispositif d'interface, permettant dans une logique d'ensemblier, de faire travailler ensemble acteurs territoriaux et acteurs universitaires autour d'une perspective : le projet de territoire. 1. StaRTer, une mise en réseau de stagiaires au service de plusieurs acteurs a. Au service du territoire ou de la filière qui accompagne la démarche StaRTer part du postulat que le stagiaire en formation supérieure peut constituer une ressource pour les acteurs locaux, dans le développement de leurs initiatives et projets, à la fois : - par des apports de connaissances « fraîches » et un regard nouveau/extérieur sur l'initiative/le projet, - par le rôle de tiers « expérimentateur » ou de tiers « intermédiateur » mettant en relation les acteurs locaux (Vincent, 2011). L'objectif est ici de faciliter - voire provoquer- par la mise en réseau la rencontre entre des acteurs d'un même territoire. Pour le GPRA Biovallée®, l'enjeu va au-delà : par le réseau de stagiaires, de nouveaux acteurs et de nouvelles structures peuvent être sensibilisés au projet de territoire et y contribuer à leur échelle. Un autre des objectifs de StaRTer était implicitement visé par le GPRA Biovallée : par une rencontre plus systématique entre les formations d'origine des stagiaires et le GPRA, la coopération entre universités et laboratoires de recherche pourrait être poussée au service des axes du projet de territoire que sont l'aménagement du territoire comme territoire de référence en matière de développement humain durable, la valorisation des bio-ressources, le développement d'éco-activités, et la construction d'un territoire – école / territoire – laboratoire26. Par leur mise en réseau, les stagiaires constituent à la fois un vecteur entre les acteurs d'un même territoire, entre le projet de territoire porté par des acteurs institutionnels et les autres acteurs du territoire, et entre les universités (formations et laboratoires de recherche) et l'ensemble de la dynamique territoriale à l'oeuvre. Ce dernier aspect rejoint l'idée d' « accompagnement d'une émergence territoriale, par la position de tiers facilitateur de partenariats multi-acteurs, la diversité étant ici gage de complémentarité » (Vincent, 2011). Dans le cas de la Biovallée et par l'appui du stagiaire, le projet StaRTer contribue au développement d'innovations liées aux bio-ressources et aux éco-activités, en étant facteur ou révélateur d'innovation. Facteur par la création d'opportunités de rencontres, ou encore par la mise en oeuvre de nouvelles méthodes et outils, révélateur par la mise en zoom de questions et/ou de pratiques nouvelles significatives de changements et propres à répondre aux enjeux territoriaux locaux. Dans cette perspective, le stagiaire constitue un levier de transversalité et de transversalisation professionnelle, mais aussi disciplinaire. b. Au service des stagiaires
La mise en réseau des stagiaires cherche également à répondre à l'un des constats fournis par l'ObSTer : si la grande majorité des étudiants réalisent leur stage à proximité des pôles métropolitains, c'est d'abord parce qu'ils y disposent de commodités pratiques et personnelles (logement, déplacements, réseaux de connaissances personnelles, loisirs). Les pôles métropolitains et universitaires disposent donc, à mission de stage égale, d'un avantage comparatif certain, qui pousse les étudiants à y rester dans le cadre de leurs stages. Or, comme évoqué précédemment, les stagiaires sont souvent le moyen d'initier une démarche innovante pour la structure d'accueil, et l'on peut supposer que les besoins d'innovation ne sont pas moindres en zones rurales. La mise en réseau des étudiants sur un territoire qu'ils ne connaissent à priori pas, et le relais vers d'autres acteurs, notamment vers des associations qui peuvent les aider à repérer et constituer l'ensemble des commodités pratiques nécessaires à leur équilibre personnel, est donc un autre des objectifs de StaRTer. Pour inciter les étudiants à s'impliquer dans le réseau, lors de la première année d'expérimentation, il a été convenu de proposer aux stagiaires un complément de bourse à hauteur de 100€ par mois, moyennant participation obligatoire aux quelques réunions annuelles prévues par le projet StaRTer pour la mise en réseau. c. Au service des formations professionnalisantes et des laboratoires de recherches
Comme indiqué plus haut, les formations universitaires professionnalisantes ont eu tendance à se généraliser durant les dernières années. Cette ouverture vers le monde professionnel s'est accompagnée du recours quasi systématique au stage dans les maquettes pédagogiques. Au-delà de l'intérêt d'établir des liens pérennes avec des structures d'accueil ou des territoires, d'autres potentialités peuvent émerger, comme : - La possibilité de faire connaître la formation, et d'élaborer des travaux pédagogiques dans le cadre d'ateliers-étudiants, - La possibilité de « connecter » les stages aux thématiques de recherche des enseignants chercheurs impliqués dans la formation, et éventuellement aux laboratoires de recherche, ceci dans l'éventualité d'un projet de recherche co-construit avec un territoire.
d. Au service des structures d'accueil de stagiaires
Les premiers retours issus de l'expérimentation menée sur Biovallée® montrent que les structures peuvent également trouver intérêt à participer au dispositif StaRTer par : - L'aide fournie dans la formulation, puis dans la diffusion des offres de stages. - L'accompagnement possible dans l'encadrement du stagiaire. - La rencontre possible avec d'autres structures du territoire, soumises à des enjeux similaires ou comparables, ou ayant des problématiques communes. - La rencontre avec des universitaires, au fait de ces enjeux et problématiques en vue d'éventuelles collaborations. - Une meilleure connaissance et intégration dans un projet de territoire, de filière. Un des problèmes récurrents rencontré par les structures d'accueil de stagiaires touche au rendu et à la valorisation du stage. Bien souvent, une fois le stagiaire parti, son travail tombe aux oubliettes en l'absence d'un rendu facilement mobilisable a posteriori. Le dispositif StaRTer peut permettre dès le démarrage du stage à l'étudiant et ses deux tuteurs, universitaire et professionnel de travailler cette question, et de la partager au niveau du réseau. 2. L'organisation du dispositif StaRTer fonctionne à des échelles multiples, au centre desquelles intervient une équipe projet en charge du pilotage du dispositif. L'apprenti en DRT porte la mise en oeuvre de l'expérimentation, sous la supervision des deux chefs de projet Universitaire et Territorial. Le schéma suivant présente de manière synthétique le paysage de coordination du projet.
Figure 5: Organisation fonctionnelle du dispositif StaRTer au niveau d'un territoire (Feyt, 2008).
Une des caractéristiques de l'approche mise en oeuvre est le travail de pilotage chemin faisant, c'est-à-dire à partir des besoins des structures, en temps réel, par rapport à leur situation vis-à-vis du projet de territoire, et à partir des sensibilités des porteurs du projet. Un dispositif de suivi-évaluation a été intégré dans le processus pour travailler sur le dispositif d'interface, le dispositif d'accueil des stagiaires, le dispositif de suivi des stagiaires et le stage lui-même. L'analyse du chemin parcouru et la valorisation des acquis du parcours sont envisagées au profit du projet de territoire, mais aussi au profit de toutes les catégories d'acteurs concernées directement (structures de stages et de formation, structures relais) ou indirectement (autres structures du territoire, universités, etc.). 3. La mise en pratique du projet : une première expérimentation sur le territoire de la Biovallée® Comme indiqué plus haut,
le dispositif StaRTer
a d'abord été développé
au niveau du territoire de la Biovallée® à travers les étapes suivantes : 1) Travail technique et politique pour définir les axes de développement dans lesquels inscrire le réseau de stagiaires : Dans le cas de la Biovallée®, ce travail a été assez simple puisque l'objectif du territoire était de mobiliser les stagiaires au service des trois axes de développement inscrits au GPRA. 2) Définition des ressources locales d'accompagnement du dispositif : Ce travail a notamment permis de valider l'implication d'un relais territorial (chef de projet Biovallée®) pour l'accompagnement du dispositif, et de lister et définir l'ensemble des commodités et relais à offrir aux stagiaires lors de leur arrivée sur le territoire : relais vers des associations tierces, bourse complémentaire de 100€, aide à la recherche d'un logement 3) Validation politique de l'ensemble du dispositif. 4) Identification, puis sollicitation des structures d'accueil potentielles : La sensibilisation des potentielles structures d'accueil (entreprises, associations, collectivités) est un point de passage obligé dans la déclinaison du dispositif StaRTer. C'est en effet par ce travail d'information et de sollicitation, mais également et si nécessaire d'aide à la formulation d'offres de stage, que la dynamique « réseau de stagiaires » s'enclenche. Même si le recensement n'est pas exhaustif, il permet de toucher un maximum d'acteurs potentiellement intéressés par la démarche. Dans le cas de la Biovallée®, cette sensibilisation s'est accompagnée d'une première prise de contact dans cadre du GPRA et de ses objectifs de développement. 5) Aide éventuelle dans la formulation d'offres de stage. 6) Collecte des offres de stages émanant du territoire, puis identification et diffusion auprès des formations correspondantes : Le travail a initialement été conduit par l'apprenti en DRT ; il l'est actuellement par le chargé de mission du projet StaRTer (également chargé de l'application du dispositif sur d'autres territoires) en lien étroit avec le CIO'Sup de Valence (Centre d'Information et d'Orientation de l'Enseignement Supérieur). Grâce aux ressources personnelles et matérielles du CIO'Sup, les formations correspondant au mieux aux offres proposées au niveau de Rhône-Alpes, mais également à l'échelon national métropolitain, sont identifiées. Une diffusion ciblée est ensuite opérée. Les premiers enseignements issus de l'expérience sur Biovallée® 1. Des points positifs
La mise en oeuvre du dispositif StaRTer sur le territoire de la Biovallée en 2011 a permis la mise en réseau d'une vingtaine de stagiaires. Les thématiques travaillées par les stagiaires ont été diverses, mais s'intègrent pour la majorité aux trois grands axes de développement inscrits au GPRA. Le potentiel du projet est énorme à côté de ce qui a été réalisé. En 2012, un réseau d'une vingtaine de stagiaires devrait également se mettre en place au regard des offres de stages déjà diffusées. En dehors de ces chiffres, le projet STARTER a permis d'amorcer et de travailler le processus de développement au niveau du territoire (Vincent, 2011): Le travail des stagiaires, en lien avec le projet de territoire a permis de travailler sur une dimension délicate du processus de développement territorial: celle de la diffusion auprès des acteurs locaux de la matérialisation des intentions politiques. Par ce biais, les structures accueillantes ont mieux connu et compris le projet « Biovallée ». - L'accueil des étudiants a été un sujet concret qui a rapproché les structures du territoire et des acteurs du projet Biovallée, constituant là encore l'amorce de la rencontre nécessaire à la mise en collaboration. En termes d'apprentissage, au sens plus classique du terme, la mise en relation a permis aux stagiaires d'échanger des informations utiles pour leur mission (échanges de données, contacts, d'expériences) ou pour leur parcours professionnel; cela leur a donc permis de gagner du temps, et d'augmenter leurs connaissances et leur apprentissage. Ainsi, le projet StaRTer sur Biovallée® a permis : • Une compréhension plus large et rapide du contexte de stage par les stagiaires. • Une meilleure connaissance du projet de territo par les structures accueillantes. • Le rapprochement et la rencontre entre les structures accueillantes et l'équipe du projet Biovallée. Le projet StaRTer a peu d'antériorité. Ses apports en termes de cohésion sociale et de développement du territoire sont donc à apprécier à l'aune du temps du développement. Cependant, l'intuition reposant sur la possibilité d'attirer des stagiaires sur un territoire rural à partir de la plus-value sociale donnée au stage s'est vérifiée. La question de la place du sens dans l'action, notamment pour des jeunes, mais pas seulement, est une donnée à creuser.
2. Au-delà de ces divers points opérationnels, la mise en oeuvre du rapprochement entre universités et territoires pose des questions de fond sur le sujet. Parmi celles-ci, celle de l'hybridation des formes de savoir, de savoir-faire et de savoir-être qui émergeront de ce rapprochement, à la fois du fait de la contamination réciproque, mais aussi, en amont du fait de la nécessaire multiculture professionnelle pour travailler ensemble. Ces questions ouvrent par elles-mêmes un champ de travail immense, du fait des changements institutionnels, organisationnels et de pratiques qu'elles représentent (Vincent, 2011).
3. Les stages et les stagiaires, première étape d'une collaboration plus systématique entre monde universitaire et collectivités territoriales? : Une nécessaire extension du dispositif
Suite à cette première expérimentation et les points qu'elle a permis de vérifier, le comité de pilotage du projet a jugé nécessaire d'étendre et de revendiquer l'extension de StaRTer à d'autres territoires en RhôneAlpes. C'est ainsi que les deux Conseils Généraux de la Drôme et de l'Ardèche se sont associés à la suite de la démarche, afin d'assurer un relais et un soutien dans la sollicitation d'autres territoires sur l'ensemble des deux Départements. L'idée est d'étendre et de décliner StaRTer à d'autres territoires et/ou à d'autres filières actives en DrômeArdèche. Une montée en charge à la fois quantitative (nombre de stagiaires) et qualitative et thématique (nombre de formations et de secteurs d'activités concernés) est espérée pour renforcer les potentialités de travail en commun entre universités et territoires. Cette extension du dispositif est possible, car StaRTer inclut des tâches de deux ordre s. D'une part, des tâches dites génériques, mutualisables à l'échelle départementale voire régionale. Elles comprennent ce qui concerne l'ingénierie de stages, la stimulation et l'aide à la formulation d'offres de stages, la diffusion de ces offres vers les formations supérieures concernées, l'animation des réseaux de stagiaires D'autre part, des tâches dites locales, liées à l'animation et la mise en réseau des stagiaires et des structures sur un territoire ou une filière, et la connexion de ce réseau aux problématiques et thématiques mises en avant par le projet de territoire ou de filière. L'élargissement géographique et thématique du dispositif est prévu pour permettre : - A d'autres territoires de se saisir du dispositif. Conclusion : Le dispositif StaRTer participe et témoigne d'un processus qui n'en est à l'évidence qu'à ses débuts : celui de la territorialisation de l'Université. Ecartelée entre des injonctions sinon contradictoires du moins parfois difficile à concilier au quotidien (pour faire vite, l'excellence versus la responsabilité sociale voire sociétale), l'Université doit bon gré mal gré s'intéresser à son environnement territorial, mais également faire en sorte que son environnement territorial s'intéresse à elle et cesse de la percevoir –et c'est souvent le cas – comme un monde lointain et difficilement lisible. S'agissant des disciplines académiques relevant de ce qu'il est désormais convenu d'appeler les Sciences du Territoire, cette injonction paraît d'autant plus pertinente, pour ne pas dire évidente. Cette position particulière au sein du chantier de la territorialisation de l'université confère sans doute une responsabilité particulière aux enseignants-chercheurs concernés, mais à l'évidence également un rôle privilégié. Rapprocher l'université des territoires –non pas en délocalisant des formations ou des laboratoires comme on a essayé de le faire pendant une période avec un succès plus que mitigé– mais en inventant des modes et modalités nouvelles de coopération. Ceci suppose une forme de connaissance intime de ce qu'est le territoire et un territoire. Les géographes, urbanistes, agronomes, écologues et –parfois– autres économistes sont pour ce faire plutôt bien placés et outillés tant au plan conceptuel que méthodologique. Ils ont donc, plus peut-être que d'autres disciplines, légitimité et capacité à inventer et expérimenter de nouveaux dispositifs partagés avec les acteurs de terrain. Dans cette perspective, mais également dans un contexte de contraction des moyens de collectivités et de concentration géographiques des activités des universités, repérer et exploiter les ressources et les leviers cachés ou négligés peut constituer une voie intéressante. C'est ce qui a été fait au travers de StaRTer en s'attachant à un objet/sujet occupant une place de plus en plus importante dans les formations universitaires : le stage et le stagiaire. On s'intéresse peu aux trains qui arrivent à l'heure ; de la même manière les stages professionnalisants attachés aux formations de master ou de licence Pro se déroulant en règle générale à la plus grande satisfaction des parties, on s'est peu intéressé à leurs ressources et vertus collatérales. Références bibliographiques Amable Bruno et Askenazy Philippe, 2009, Introduction à l'économie de la connaissance, Contribution pour le rapport UNESCO Construire des sociétés du savoir, 21p. Barthe Laurence, 2010 « Transformations et défis de l'ingénierie territoriale », Dossier Le Développement local se (re)mobilise, in Territoires, octobre, pp 33 à 35. Bertacchini Yann, 2003, Du gisement des compétences locales et de leur transfert : quelles modalités?, Saint Raphaël, Université de Toulon et du Var, 13p. Bourdat Marion, 2008, Interface entre innovations méthodologiques et ingénierie du développement territorial, Mémoire de DRT, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, décembre, 101p. Bureau Sylvain, 2010, L'Université sans frontière inspire la Région Rhône-Alpes, http://www.lepetitjournal.com/communaute-saopaulo/59014-communaute-sao-paulo-rio-universite-sans-frontiere.html CELAVAR, 2010, Les territoires ruraux dans la réforme des collectivités territoriales, [en ligne], http://www.celavar.org/actualites/actualite-du-celavar/les-territoires-ruraux-dans-la.html, consulté le 25 mai 2011. Chevalier Pascal, 2011, « Migration et création d'activités en milieu rural », in Relief, CEREQ, Marseille, pp 11-21. Direction de l'information légale et administrative Secrétariat général du Gouvernement, portail, 2007, « Vie publique, au coeur des débats », Loi du 10 août 2007 relative aux libertés et responsabilités des universités, [en ligne], créé le 13 août, http://www.viepublique.fr/actualite/panorama/texte-vote/loi-du-10-aout-2007-relative-aux-libertesresponsabilitesuniversites.html, consulté le 7 juin 2011 Escourrou Nicolas, 2008, Le stage : lien privilégié entre formation et emploi, article faisant suite à la présentation au Colloque RESUP, (Dijon, Juin 2008), Université de Paris X Nanterre, CREF (EA 1589) Centre de recherche éducationformation, 11p. Goulard François, 2007, L'Enseignement Supérieur en France, Rapport pour le Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche. Goulinet-Matéo Coralie, 2011, Les stages professionnalisants en développement territorial : reflet, vecteur d'innovation et outil de territorialisation des universités pour les territoires ruraux, Mémoire de Diplôme de Recherche Technologique, Spécialité Développement territorial. Gumuchian Hervé et Pecqueur Bernard (dir.), 2007, La ressource territoriale, Anthropos, 254p. Lachaud Virginie, 2009, Nature et conditions de l'efficacité de l'ingénierie territoriale complémentaire mobilisée dans le cadre des CDDRA, mémoire de DRT, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, octobre, 142p. Le Boterf Guy, 1999, L'ingénierie des compétences, Ed d'Organisation, Paris, 445 p. Réseau UniTeR-RA, 2007-2010, Résultats de l'enquête ObSTer sur la période 2007-2010, Région Rhône-Alpes, http://territoires.rhonealpes.fr/spip.php?rubrique2023. La communication doit tenir sur 25 pages max., la liste des références bibliographiques incluse..
| 25,629 |
https://github.com/ptsiogas/xamarin-react-native/blob/master/binding/ReactNative.Droid/Additions/ReactInstanceManager.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
xamarin-react-native
|
ptsiogas
|
C#
|
Code
| 40 | 140 |
using System;
namespace Com.Facebook.React
{
public partial class ReactInstanceManager
{
/// <summary>
/// Initializes the <see cref="T:Com.Facebook.React.ReactInstanceManager"/> class.
/// Load necessary jni libraries via static ctor.
/// </summary>
static ReactInstanceManager()
{
// Load jni libraries.
Java.Lang.JavaSystem.LoadLibrary("imagepipeline");
Java.Lang.JavaSystem.LoadLibrary("reactnativejni");
}
}
}
| 19,966 |
sn84036008_1901-04-30_1_6_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 3,433 | 4,852 |
AT GENERAL'S BIRTHDAY FITTINGLY OBSERVED. LADY NO POLITICAL WIRES to Mrs. Grant from Savannah in '62 Published for First Time. New York, April 2. -The anniversary of the birth of General U. S. Grant was celebrated by a banquet given by the trustees of the Grant Monument association tonight at the Waldorf-Astor. The banquet hall, where many prominent men sat at the tables, was handsomely decorated, a portrait of General Grant having the honor of honoring the day where the guests of honor sat. Many women sat in the galleries. Souvenirs were presented with imitation cannon balls surmounted by a cross of gun swabs on which were flags. In the menu, booklet letters written to Mrs. Grant by the general and never before published, a letter dated Savannah, March 29, 1862, General Grant wrote: "All slanders you have seen against me originated away from where I was. The only foundation was from the fact that I was ordered to remain at Fort Henry and send an expedition under Major General Smith. This was obtained because General Halleck received no report from me for nearly two weeks after the fall of Fort Donelson and the same was occupied by me. I received nothing from him." The consequence was that I was apparently totally devoid of orders. The fact was he was ordered to report the condition of my command. I was not receiving orders, but knowing my duties and reporting whenever anything occurred to make it necessary. When I was ordered to remain behind it, I was the cause of much astonishment among the troops of my command, and also of disappointment. I never showed a word of contradiction to go out from my headquarters. You need not fear but that I will come out triumphant. I am pulling no wires in political matters to advance myself. I have no future ambition. My object is to carry on my part of this war successfully and I am perfectly willing that others may make all the glory they can out of it. "ULYSSES." GRANT'S BIRTHDAY memorated with Annual Dinner by Republican Club of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, April 27.-The 15th annual dinner of the American Republican club, commemorating the birth of General U. S. Grant, was held tonight at the Hotel Schenley. The most elaborate arrangements for the banquet had been made by the club and the hundred diners included any of the more prominent political clubs and were entertained in a manner seldom attempted by any organization in this city. The program of the after-dinner talks brought about rare results. Attorney General Philander C. Knox served as master, Robert Pitcairn presided. Rev. J. L. Milligan pronounced the invocation. The toasts included the following: Representative Joseph C. Sibley, Representative Charles H. Svenor, "Politics of the Grant Per " General S. B. M. Young, "Our " Possessions;" United States Senator Charles W. Fairbanks, "The " Republican Party." MRS. BOTKIN'S CASE. April May Be Carried Into Federal Courts. San Francisco, April 27.-The case of Mrs. Cordelia Botkin, convicted of murder of Mrs. J. P. Dunning and her sister, Ida H. Dean of Delaware, sending poisoned candy through the mails, and who was recently tried a new trial by the state supreme court, was called in the supreme court today for the purpose of fixing the date for the new trial. The case, which is that the case be heard in the supreme court, was heard in the supreme court today. Mrs. Botkin's attorney objected to the argument, saying that the case would be carried to the supreme court to decide the case. April 27-Uonsul General E. at Ontario reports to the government that the Canadian Pacific has jurisdiction. The argument, June 7, was on the date for fixing the date to Miners. April 27-Consul General E. at Ontario reports to the government that the Canadian Pacific has jurisdiction over the Yukon from the Yukon to the Yukon. The trush to the Yukon fields for the road will be large, and the company will be large. KLONDIKE NEWS. The Stampedes to the New Discoveries Continue. Victoria, B.C., April 27.-The steamer Amur today brings news of the Klondike cleanup now in progress. Slaving is in full operation, the thaw having given plenty of water. The output is estimated at not less than $25,000,000. Many experts say it will reach $30,000,000. Stampeders are still rushing to Montana creek, which is now more staked than any other Klondike stream. There is also a stampeue to the Gold river. Ore going as high as $50,000 to the ton has been round on Twelve Mile inlet near Ketchikan. The Dominion gambling house, one of Klondike's largest resorts, has closed, owing to the loss of $40,000 on April 13, following a bad week. USED HER RAZOR." Believing Herself Cheated Colored Woman Kills Peddler. Chicago, April 27.-Because she considered herself cheated by Julius Stern, a peddler, in the purchase of some jewelry, Mrs. Lillian Hughes, a colored woman, slashes the man so badly with a razor that he died inside of two hours. She cut Stern's face to pieces and made a number of gashes across his throat, one cut the jugular vein slightly. Stern was carried to a hospital but the surgeons could do nothing for him. The woman was arrested. NOT GUILTY. Count Cornulier Acquitted Amidst Applause of Spectators- Thanks Jury. Paris, April 27.-Count Cornulier, after a two day's trial for the murder of his wife, November 17, by shooting her three times as she was leaving the house of Lawyer M. Le Roux, administrator of the countess before her marriage, was acquitted today amidst the applause of those in the court. The count made a speech in which he thanked the jurors in the name of his three children. Countess Cornulier was a woman of unusual beauty and 31 years of age. She was the daughter of Count Vianney and married Count Charles Cornulier, who is 43 years of age, fourteen years ago. The marriage proved unhappy and on the advice of her father, the countess separated from her husband four years ago. Last year she was given a decree by which she was given possession of her children. The count discovered. That the countess frequently visited M. Leroux, who is said to have acted as legal advisor of the countess. The count, on November 17, secreted himself on the stairway of M. Le-roux's home, after having ascertained it that his wife had entered the house and when she descended the stairs, it without a word, he fired at her three times with a revolver, each shot taking effect. She died in an ambulance without regaining consciousness. The count surrendered himself to the police, saying: "I did it. I am her husband." He was the first to give aid to his wife after she told and asked that a priest be sent for. Boers Yearn For Peace. London, April 26.-Henry X. Merriman, writing today in the Daily News, says: "The Boers are greatly harassed and worn, and they yearn for a settlement, but they will not accept a settlement on the Chamberlain-Milner terms. They would, however, surrender the whole Johannesburg and Rand gold field district to Great Britain on a conditional independence restored to the Orange Free State, and that Transvaalers be allowed to found a republic in the wild, uncultivated north, subject to British control of foreign relations." Forest Fires. Duluth, April 27.-Advices from Ashland, Wis., report the first serious forest fire of the season yesterday afternoon, when 1,000,000 feet of hemlock logs were burned near Mellen, and a Wisconsin Central passenger train got by the fire with difficulty. Fires scattered along the south shore of Lake Superior and near Iron River and Muskego are said to be very bad. To Relieve Empress Dowager. Washington, April 26.-Scheuir cables from Pekin: "The empress dowager has appointed a board of national administration to relieve her of public functions. They embrace three members of the cabinet now with the empress at Brant Fu and Prince Ching, Viceroy Li and Prince Chung, now in Pekin. Accountant Suicides. St. Paul, April 26.-A special from Helena, Montana, says that word has reached there of the suicide of J. B. Hodson, head accountant of the Montana Mining company, operating the famous Drum Lummon mine. The suicide, which was by shooting, occurred at Santa Barbara, Cal. Hodson had been in poor health. He leaves a wife and children at Marysville, Mont. Terminals Not Sold. Kansas City, April 27.-President Samuel R. Knott of the Kansas City Southern railway denied today the reported sale to the Standard Oil company of the railroad terminal at Port Arthur, 7 Texas: The terminal property is now in the hands of a receiver and President Knott states, that no disposition of it can be made until the courts dispose of the receivership. HIS TROUBLES ENDED Former Western Newspaper Man Commits Suicide in New York. New York, April 27.-John M. Hott, a member of the Elliott Press, a printing company of this city, died of morphine poisoning in an uptown drug store early this morning. A stranger had brought him into the store and for hours after the death the police were investigating the case. This afternoon Emil P. Augot, a. Widen Lane diamond seller, voluntarily told the officers that he was the man who was with Elliott. He says he spent several hours last night with him and that Elliott drank a good deal. Towards midnight Elliott got him to buy some morphine for him at a drug store and this he took while Augot was not watching him. Augot took him to the drug store to get medical treatment for him and then went home. Elliott was well known in political circles, his company printing the "Tammany Times." He was at one time connected with various Iowa newspapers and has, it is said, been editor of the Des Moines Register. He had also conducted papers in Deadwood, S. D., and was for ten years or more a resident of North Chicago. ARE STILL ALIVE. Buried Miners Able to Converse With Rescuers. Springfield, Mo., April 26.-The Rosebud mine at Aurora caved in today and buried five men at a depth of 100 feet. It may be months before they can be reached. The victims are, Grant and William Svane, Elmer Bigler, John Gilland and F. E. Lester. At 7 o'clock the men were alive, the sound of their tapping on the steel ground rails gave their friends that assurance. Several hundred men working in relays are striving to rescue the entombed men, but it will take at least three days to reach them. Springfield, Mo., April 27.-The five men who were buried under 110 feet of dirt in the Rosebud mine at Aurora were able to converse with their rescuers today. The men are still buried under 25 feet. The act of dirt. They are very thirsty and cannot survive much longer. George Shane is pinioned between heavy timbers and it is feared that more dirt will be laid in when the timbers are removed. George Feaster is pinioned under a boulder and his shoulder is crushed. The work of rescuing is proceeding very slowly now because of the great danger of dirt caving in on the working men. AN OLD DODGE. Omaha, April 27.-An alibi was offered when the defense opened today in the trial of James Callahan, accused of participating in the kidnapping of Eddie Cudahy. Charles McDonald, a neighbor of Callahan, related a conversation with the defendant on the afternoon of the kidnapping, December 18. At the moment the abduction was taking place, McDonald said he sat on the porch with Callahan at Mrs. Kelly's, the defendant's boarding house. McDonald said he and Callahan were together between 3 o'clock and 5 o'clock. McDonald remembered the date because the 20th was his son's birthday. On cross-examination he admitted having recently told two detectives that he was not quite sure whether it was December 1 or on the first or second day following. Callahan took the stand this afternoon. He denied all allegations made against him. The evening session of the Callahan case was surprisingly brief, as the defense waived its right to address the jury. This action was apparently taken in order that the more skilled talent of the state might suffer a similar deprivation. The instructions to the jury were lengthy and without feature. BY SPREADING RAILS. Train Ditched, Seriously Injuring Number of Passengers. Grand Rapids, Mich., April 27.-The vestibuled Chicago flyer, No. 5, leaving Detroit at 1:10 over the Pere Marquette western division, was ditched at Buffalo, 112 miles out, this afternoon by spreading rails. The injured are: William Gossett, Grand Rapids, internally; fatal. Hank Fuller, Grand Rapids, scalded serious. I. G. Lemon, Sunfield, hand badly cut. Mrs. C. Percy and daughter, Grand Rapids, slightly. The train was going in miles per hour when the engine and cars plunged into the bank, the cars attached being torn from their trucks. Explained by Perkins. Burlington, Iowa, April 27.-The Hawkeye will tomorrow print a letter from C. E. Perkins concerning the proposed sale of Chicago, Burlington & Quincy stock, in which Mr. Perkins states that it is not a passing away of the system, that there will be no change in the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and that all the present officials will be retained. ACKER'S DYSPEPSIA TABLETS Are sold on a positive guarantee. Cures heart-burn, raising of the food, distress after eating or any form of dyspepsia. One little tablet gives immediate relief. A 25 oz. and 50 oz. For sale by Chapple & Drug Co. WORKMAN'S AWFUL DEATH. Falls at Immense Height From Bridge Into River. Sioux City, Iowa, April 27.-Hugh Me Airy, a workman on the Chicago & Northwestern bridge over the Des Moines river at Boone, which is said to be the highest bridge in America, fell from the top of the structure to the water, a distance of 185 feet, this afternoon. He was working on the middle span of the bridge when he lost his footing and fell through the false work, striking the timbers three times on the way. A map was standing within two feet of McAlry when he fell. The body has not been recovered. Big Amusement Circuit. Toledo, O., April 27.-Frank Burton of this city has signed a contract with Thomas L. Kunts of Chicago and New York whereby he comes into control of 39 places of summer amusements in as many different cities throughout the United States. Mr. Kunts represented the bondholders in the various electric light plants connected with the places of amusement. Marauding Increasing. Berlin, April 27.-Field Marshal Count von Waldersee, in a dispatch from Pekin, reports that marauding has increased near Ho-Si-Wu and Ma Tu, and that junks used as transports between these places have been attacked. Lieutenant Colonel Anstad has been sent from Tien Tsin to the disturbed district in command of a composed column. Object To Inspection. Lahore, Punjab, April 27.-A serious riot occurred near Sialkote, due to plague inspection of women. A mob overpowered the police and it became necessary to summon a force of cavalry from Sialkote. The soldiers restored order with difficulty. London Wool Market. London, April 27.-Wool buyers are awaiting the opening of the third series of auction sales on April 30. It is expected lower prices for cross-breds will be adopted. Heavy rains have fallen in New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria, and the conditions are still unsettled. It appears, however, that the bad weather has not affected this section's requirements. The arrivals of wool for the fourth series of auction sales amounts to 177,204 bales, including 33,000 forwarded direct. The receipts during the week were: New South Wales, 2,052; Melbourne, 3,190; South Australia, 370; Albany, 386; New Zealand, 9,192; Cape of Good Hope and Natal, 1,406; elsewhere, 2,242. JANGLING NERVES. Are you irritable? Do you sleep badly? Is it hard to concentrate your thoughts? Is your appetite poor? Do you feel tired, restless, and despondent? Try Lohly's Celery Nerve Compound. It will do you more good than anything you have ever tried. Sold by Holmes & Calhoun. Latest Life Saving Apparatus. A pitch cloak is the newest form of life saving apparatus. It is a Swiss invention. It weighs about one pound and will keep a fully equipped soldier above the surface of the water. It has waterproof pockets in which food and drink may be carried, as well as blue lights in case the wearer is shipwrecked in the night. Origin. "Con game, eh? That is short for confidence game. I presume?" "No: con game is so." Called from Connecticut. It originated in Puritan times. An Ode to Spring. O gentle spring. I welcome thee. Since thou dost bring To me New Joy, new hope new everything Of spring, I greet Thee gladly with thy sweet, Warm breezes from across the hills. With thy blue sky And rushing rills, Since with thy coming I May live Once more away Unto my neck, with my winter overcoat Hail, gentle spring, I say: I float In ecstasy! Tomorrow, in the gayest haunt of men I'll proudly feast, For, oh, it seems to me My Benjamin must be Still good for ten At least! -Chicago Times-Herald. St. John's Headache Cure will our your head ache. Sold by Chapple, Drug Co. TIME TABLE, Billings, Mont. LINCOLN, KANSAS CITY, OMAHA, ST. LOUIS, CHICAGO, SAN FRANCISCO ST. JOSEPH, DENVER, SALT LAKE, and all points east, south and west. TRAINS ARRIVE AND DEPART As Follow No 42., Passenger da, Chicago, St. eathison, Omaha, Lincoln, Denver, California, Colorado and Texas points. Leave........................ 11: p.m No. 41. Passenger da from above No. in. s. Arrive............... 1:30 a.m., No. t, dall, Sheridan and No. 5, dall points. leave.. 10:30 a.m., No. 4. Freight daily from Sheridan and intermediate points. Arrive.................... a.m. Sleeping, dining and reclining chairs (seat, free) on through trains Tickets sold and baggage checked to any point in the United States or Canada. For information, maps, tables, and tickets, call on or address J. L. Hanntjo Agent H. B. S. r, General Agent Bill age, Mont.or J. raos, General Passenger Agent. Omaha, Neb. I DO YOU KNOW is ,* THAT. The Gazette Job Department turns out a better class of work than any other printing establishment in the Yellowstone valley............... We are prepared to do any class of printing on short notice................. We employ only first-class workmen, and consequently can guarantee... FIRST-CLASS WORK THE For nearly sixty years it has never failed in its weekly visits to the homes and firesides of farmers and villagers in all parts of the United States. It has received loyal support from the most progressive, intelligent, and up-to-date portion of our country, because it has merited YOUR and held their confidence and ATIONAL esteem. It gives all important news of the news of the nation and world, an Agricultural Department of the highest order, elegant half-tone illustrations, WEEKLY "Household Talk," tells about pretty things for the ladies to wear, shows checker players many interesting problems, tells farmers what prices their crops will bring and interests. TRIBUNE, every member of the family. BANK, old and young. NEWSPAPER. WE NISH IT, INCLUDING THE GAZETTE FOR $3.00 PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE. Send all orders to THE GAZETTE, Billings, Mont. To, VESTILULED TRAINS-DINING CARS. PAUL MINNEAPOLIS TIME CARD-BILLINGS. I. DULUTH AND PAT AND POINTS No. 1, An and a.... 8: m. 8: a. m. EAST & SOUTH No. 4, St. Louis Express. 11:28 p. m. No. 2:01 p.m. 12:10 p. m. BUTTE No. 3, Portland Express. 12:05 a. m. HELENA SPOKANE GET PERMIT AT TICKET OFFICE FOR FREIGHTS. OR ATTLE STAOMAT DAILY EXCEED SUNDAY PORTLAND Red Lodge Accom....... 5:10 p.m. 8:30 a.m. COAL OF THE I Fromberg & Bridger Ace. 8:40 p.m. 8:10 a.m. AN Through Tickets to all points in the United CHINA States Canada, Alaska, China and Japan. Maps ALASKA and olders on application. Express Money KLONDIKE Orders for sale at all office of the Exp H. N. Kennedy, Agent, Chas. S. Fee G. Co. Bankable everywhere. A. U. S. Express, Pullman First-Class Tourist Sleeping Cars The Facts About It,-- The St. Louis Special has a sleeping car, a dining car, a tourist car, a chair car, a smoking car, a day coach, it runs through to St. Louis without a single change of cars. It is the train to take, not only to St. Louis, but also to Omaha, Denver, St. Joseph, Kansas City-EVERYWHERE south and southeast. Letters of inquiry addressed to the undersigned will receive prompt attention. H. B. SEGUR, GENERAL AGENT, BILLINGS, MONTANA.
| 50,065 |
3189411_1
|
Caselaw Access Project
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 1,980 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 752 | 962 |
Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court at Special Term, entered February 28, 1979 in Schenectady County, which granted respondent's motion to stay the City of Schenectady from taking any proceedings with reference to a parcel of real property at 1943 Wabash Avenue, Schenectady, New York. On or about October 27, 1977, the City of Schenectady commenced an in rem foreclosure proceeding, pursuant to article 11 of the Real Property Tax Law, against the real property owned by respondent Geraldine A. Polsinelli at No. 1943 Wabash Avenue, Schenectady, New York. On January 18, 1978, while the foreclosure proceeding was pending, this proceeding was commenced, pursuant to section 16-33 of the Code of Ordinances of the City of Schenectady, for an order permitting petitioner to demolish the building at 1943 Wabash Avenue, on the ground that it constituted a nuisance as that term is used in said ordinance and had been in violation of the ordinance since February 9, 1973. At the hearing on the petition on May 4, 1978, respondent moved to dismiss the petition on the ground that there was a lack of jurisdiction in that respondents had never been served in accordance with the provisions of the order to show cause. An off-the-record discussion was held in the Judge's chambers, after which the court stated on the record, "The parties will enter into a stipulation and upon execution of the stipulation the petition will be withdrawn." On July 11, 1978, petitioner received a proposed written stipulation, which petitioner's attorney refused to sign on the ground that it did not accurately reflect the agreement reached in that it included a broad statement that no further proceedings shall be taken against said property by the City of Schenectady until a period of at least 60 days subsequent to the final determination of the litigation, which is now pending in the Supreme Court of Schenectady County entitled, "Geraldine A. Polsinelli against The Hanover Insurance Co." On June 22, 1978, a judgment foreclosing the tax liens on said property was granted by the County Court of Schenectady County. Thereafter, the City of Schenectady advertised an auction for the sale of certain properties acquired in the in rem foreclosure, including No. 1943 Wabash Avenue, to be held on November 9, 1978. On November 16, 1978, respondent Geraldine A. Polsinelli obtained an order requiring petitioner and the Corporation Counsel of the City of Schenectady to show cause why an order should not be made staying the City of Schenectady from any proceedings with reference to the property commonly known as 1943 Wabash Avenue, until at least 60 days subsequent to the final determination of the litigation in the action of Geraldine A. Polsinelli against the Hanover Insurance Co. This order stayed any proceedings by the City of Schenectady pending determination of the motion. Special Term granted respondent's motion to stay all proceedings by the City of Schenectady with respect to said property, stating, "When parties or their attorneys enter into a stipulation and such stipulation is not expressly limited in respect of time or confined in terms to some particular purpose, it stands in the case for all purposes until the litigation is ended, unless the court, upon application, should relieve either or both parties from its operation. In the instant case, it is apparent that the stipulation entered into before this court was broad enough to encompass all matters relating to 1943 Wabash Avenue." Petitioner contends that the alleged oral stipulation entered into in the off-record discussion does not comply with CPLR 2104 and is not binding. CPLR 2104 provides as follows: "An agreement between parties or their attorneys relating to any matter in an action, other than one made between counsel in open court, is not binding upon a party unless it is in a writing subscribed by him or his attorney or reduced to the form of an order and entered." The alleged stipulation submitted to petitioner for signature was not read into the record in a court convened "to do judicial business" and was, therefore, not imbued with the "formality, publicity and solemnity of any open court proceeding" and was, therefore, not binding on petitioner (Matter of Dolgin Eldert Corp., 31 NY2d 1; Kolodziej v Kolodziej, 54 AD2d 228). It was improper for Special Term to determine the terms of a stipulation of settlement based on the discussion in chambers and the court's personal recollection of the settlement negotiations (Matter of Dolgin Eldert Corp., supra; Marshall v Marshall, 52 AD2d 841).
| 36,264 |
https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/150160
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,016 |
Stack Exchange
|
Jackson, Rakesh Jesadiya, Ronak Chauhan, https://magento.stackexchange.com/users/38553, https://magento.stackexchange.com/users/42297, https://magento.stackexchange.com/users/4534
|
English
|
Spoken
| 158 | 445 |
Magento 2: How to avoid objectManager in Model?
I have achieved
Magento 2: How to change Weight field for DHL Shipping Method [SOLVED]
I tried to put
protected $_product;
public function __construct(\Magento\Catalog\Model\Product $product) {
$this->_product = $product;
}
public function _getAllItems() {
$allItems = $this->_request->getAllItems();
$fullItems = [];
foreach ($allItems as $item) {
$this->_product->load($item->getProduct()->getId());
$itemWeight = $_product->getData('weight_with_package');
}
}
It's not working :(
Where is define $item->getProduct()?
Please check updated question @Rakesh
You can use product API to get product data :
protected $_productRepository;
public function __construct(\Magento\Catalog\Api\ProductRepositoryInterface $productRepository) {
$this->_productRepository = $productRepository;
}
public function _getAllItems() {
$allItems = $this->_request->getAllItems();
$fullItems = [];
foreach ($allItems as $item) {
$this->_product = $this->productRepository->getById($item->getProduct()->getId());
$itemWeight = $_product->getData('weight_with_package');
}
}
Hope It works for you, If you will get any issue please contact.
It's giving window.checkoutConfig = <br /> <b>Fatal error</b>: Uncaught Error: Call to a member function getValue() on null in /var/www/html/magento/vendor/magento/module-shipping/Model/Carrier/AbstractCarrier.php:132
It's js error , not because of my code
| 43,861 |
https://github.com/JdSeus/voyager/blob/master/publishable/lang/az/menu_builder.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
voyager
|
JdSeus
|
PHP
|
Code
| 166 | 632 |
<?php
return [
'color' => 'RGB vəya hex rəngi (vacib deyil)',
'color_ph' => 'Rəng (məsələn, #ffffff vəya rgb(255, 255, 255)',
'create_new_item' => 'Yeni menyu punktu yarat',
'delete_item_confirm' => 'Bəli, sil bu punktu',
'delete_item_question' => 'Punktu silməyinizdə qəti qərarlısız?',
'drag_drop_info' => 'Ardıcıllığı dəyişmək üçün punkt meyunu aşağı keçirin.',
'dynamic_route' => 'Dinamik yol',
'edit_item' => 'Punkt menyunu dəyiş',
'icon_class' => 'Punkt menyu üçün ikonka (İstifadə edin ',
'icon_class2' => 'Voyager Font Class</a>)',
'icon_class_ph' => 'İkonka (vacib deyil)',
'item_route' => 'Punkt menyu route',
'item_title' => 'Punkt menyu başlığı',
'link_type' => 'Link növü',
'new_menu_item' => 'Yeni punkt menyu',
'open_in' => 'Aç',
'open_new' => 'Yeni tab/pəncərə',
'open_same' => 'Eyni tab/pəncərə',
'route_parameter' => 'Routun parametrləri (əgər varsa)',
'static_url' => 'Statik URL',
'successfully_created' => 'Punkt menyu uğurla yaradıldı.',
'successfully_deleted' => 'Punkt menyu uğurla silindi.',
'successfully_updated' => 'Punkt menyu uğurla yeniləndi.',
'updated_order' => 'Menyunun sktrukturu uğurla yeniləndi.',
'url' => 'URL punkt menyu üçün',
'usage_hint' => 'Siz menyunu saytınızın istənilən yerində istifadə edə bilərsiniz | Siz bu menyunu saytınızın istənilən yerində istifadə edə bilərsiniz',
];
| 45,432 |
https://github.com/sean-josiah/hotchocolate/blob/master/src/Core/Types/Resolvers/Expressions/Arguments/GetParentCompiler.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
hotchocolate
|
sean-josiah
|
C#
|
Code
| 44 | 157 |
using System;
using System.Reflection;
namespace HotChocolate.Resolvers.Expressions.Parameters
{
internal sealed class GetParentCompiler<T>
: GetFromGenericMethodCompilerBase<T>
where T : IResolverContext
{
public GetParentCompiler()
{
GenericMethod = ContextTypeInfo.GetDeclaredMethod(
nameof(IResolverContext.Parent));
}
public override bool CanHandle(
ParameterInfo parameter,
Type sourceType)
{
return sourceType == parameter.ParameterType
|| parameter.IsDefined(typeof(ParentAttribute));
}
}
}
| 49,282 |
US-202016884543-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,020 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,589 | 9,133 |
Information processing system, information processing apparatus, and control method therefor
ABSTRACT
An information processing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes an image forming apparatus and an information processing apparatus. The information processing apparatus includes a first setting unit configured to set information about a screen indicating work desired to be performed by a user, a second setting unit configured to set, before the work performed by the user is completed, processing to be performed after the work, and a transmission unit configured to transmit an instruction for displaying the screen and another instruction for causing the processing to be performed. The image forming apparatus includes a display control unit configured to display the screen on a display unit based on the instruction, and a control unit configured to perform the processing based on the other instruction upon completion of the work.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information processing system, an information processing apparatus, and a control method therefor.
Description of the Related Art
When a user is unsure of how to use or set a multi-function peripheral (MFP), the user makes a phone call to a call center to inquire about it. The user tells an operator in the call center what the user wants to do, and performs an operation according to an instruction from the operator.
In a case where what the user wants to do is complicated or there is a plurality of setting items to be configured by the user, it is undesirably time-consuming if the operator instructs the user about all operations over the phone and the user follows them. Under these circumstances, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-163292 discusses a system that connects the MFP operated by the user and an information processing apparatus operated by the operator via a network, and allows the operator to remotely operate the MFP by operating the information processing apparatus.
What the user calling the call center wants to do may contain both a setting of the MFP that the operator can configure from a remote location, and manual work that cannot be operated by the operator from the remote location and needs to be operated by the user.
For example, when the user attempts to load new paper into a cassette and adjust an image quality using the paper while employing the method discussed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-163292, the case necessitates the following setting by the operator and manual work by the user. First, the operator sets the size of the paper to load into the paper feeding cassette. Then, the operator instructs the user to load the paper into the paper feeding cassette to which the paper size is set over the phone. After the user loads the paper into the paper feeding cassette, the operator sets the type of the paper loaded in the paper feeding cassette, and configures a setting required to print an image for adjusting the image quality and instructs the user to start to print the image.
In this manner, in the case where the required operations include both the setting of the image forming apparatus and the manual work by the user, the operator waits for the completion of the manual work by the user, and then sets the content of the processing to perform after the manual work and instructs the user to start the processing. Thus, a long time is undesirably taken until the operator completes the required setting.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to an aspect of the present invention, an information processing system includes an image forming apparatus including a display unit configured to display an image thereon, and an information processing apparatus configured to communicate with the image forming apparatus. The information processing apparatus includes a first setting unit configured to set work desired to be performed by a user operating the image forming apparatus, a second setting unit configured to set, before the work performed by the user is completed, processing to be performed by the image forming apparatus after the work set by the first setting unit, and a transmission unit configured to transmit an instruction for displaying an image indicating the work set by the first setting unit on the display unit, and another instruction for causing the image forming apparatus to perform the processing set by the second setting unit. The image forming apparatus includes a reception unit configured to receive the instruction and the other instruction transmitted from the transmission unit, a display control unit configured to display the image indicating the work set by the first setting unit on the display unit based on the instruction received by the reception unit, and a control unit configured to perform the processing based on the other instruction upon completion of the work by the user.
Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an information processing system according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating configurations of a scanner and a printer of a multi-function peripheral (MFP) according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the MFP according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a maintenance terminal according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a screen when paper information is set by operating the MFP according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a setting screen when a paper size used for automatic detection of paper on the MFP is set according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating examples of paper settings screens of the MFP according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of processing between the MFP and the maintenance terminal according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a work screen displayed on a display of an operation unit of the MFP according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating processing of generating maintenance data on the maintenance terminal according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating examples of a serial number input screen and a maintenance data generation screen, respectively, on the maintenance terminal according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a table of device type information data stored in the maintenance terminal according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a data structure of user settings according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a data setting screen on the maintenance terminal according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of the MFP according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a work information setting screen on the maintenance terminal according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a structure of the maintenance data on the maintenance terminal according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIGS. 18A and 18B are diagrams each illustrating an example of a table used in processing of generating image data by the maintenance terminal and content of an image file according to the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a structure of data transmitted from the maintenance terminal to the MFP according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating processing of receiving the maintenance data by the MFP according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
In the following description, a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system configuration of an information processing system capable of providing a maintenance service of a multi-function peripheral (MFP) via a network.
MFPs 105 and 106 are image forming apparatuses installed in a user environment 104 and operated by a user. The MFPs 105 and 106 are connected to a network 103 and can communicate with another MFP and a maintenance terminal 102 in a call center 101.
The maintenance terminal 102 is an information processing apparatus such as a personal computer (PC) installed in the call center 101. The maintenance terminal 102 is operated by an operator in the call center 101. In the present exemplary embodiment, the MFPs 105 and 106 in the user environment 104 are maintained and operated by the maintenance terminal 102 in the call center 101, and setting items thereof are set by using data received from the maintenance terminal 102.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of the MFP 105. The hardware configuration will be described using the MFP 105 as an example here, but the MFP 106 also has a similar hardware configuration. Further, the information processing system may be constructed using a single function peripheral (SFP) instead of the MFP in the present exemplary embodiment.
The MFP 105 includes a scanner 319 and a printer 300.
The scanner 319 conveys documents 303 on a document tray 302 sheet by sheet. Each of the documents 303 is conveyed to a feeding-reading document glass platen 312, and is exposed by an exposure unit 313. Light to which the document 303 is exposed by the exposure unit 313 is reflected from the document 303, and a result thereof is input to a charge coupled device (CCD) sensor unit 316 and converted into an electric signal.
The printer 300 conveys paper contained in a cassette 331 or 332 and forms an image on the paper. The printer 300 controls a laser unit 322 based on image data, and forms an image on each of photosensitive members 323, 324, 325, and 326 of cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K), respectively. The printer 300 transfers and fixes the image formed using each of the colors of toner onto the paper, and discharges the paper to outside the printer 300.
A paper length guide 339 is a guide set to match the paper length of the paper contained in the cassette 331. A paper length switch 341 is used to detect the position of the paper length guide 339 and to detect the paper length size. A paper width guide 340 is a guide set to match the width of the paper contained in the cassette 331. A paper width switch 342 is used to detect the position of the paper width guide 340 and to detect the paper width.
Next, FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating hardware of the MFP 105. The MFP 106 is configured similarly to the MFP 105.
A control unit 400 including a central processing unit (CPU) 401 controls operation of the overall MFP 105. The CPU 401 reads out a control program stored in a read only memory (ROM) 402 and performs various kinds of control such as control of a reading device and transmission. A dynamic random access memory (DRAM) 404 is used as a temporarily storage area, such as a main memory and a work area of the CPU 401.
A hard disk drive (HDD) 416 is a nonvolatile memory connected to the control unit 400 via an input/output (I/O) control unit 412. The HDD 416 stores image data temporarily saved in the DRAM 404 under the control by the CPU 401. An operation unit interface (I/F) 414 connects an operation unit 415 and the control unit 400 to each other.
The operation unit 415 includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel having a touch panel function, a numeric keypad, and various kinds of buttons. The user inputs various kinds of settings by operating the operation unit 415.
A printer I/F 409 connects the printer 300 and the control unit 400 to each other. A CPU 411 in the printer 300 communicates with the HDD 416 and the CPU 401 via the printer I/F 409 and the I/O control unit 412 including a serial communication controller 413.
Image data to be printed by the printer 300 is transferred from the control unit 400 via the printer I/F 409, and is printed on a recording medium by the printer 300.
A scanner I/F 407 connects the scanner 319 and the control unit 400 to each other. The scanner 319 reads out an image on the document 303 to generate image data (image file), and inputs the image data to the control unit 400 via the scanner I/F 407.
The MFP 105 can transmit the image data (image file) generated by the scanner 319 by file transmission or by an e-mail. A network I/F 405 connects the control unit 400 to the network 103.
A graphic processor 403 performs, on the image data temporarily saved in the DRAM 404, a color space conversion such as a conversion from the red, green, and blue (RGB) color space to the Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black (CMYK) color space, scaling processing, and layout processing of combining a plurality of pieces of image data saved in the DRAM 404.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the maintenance terminal 102.
The maintenance terminal 102 includes a computer 200, a display 208 that displays an image thereon, and an input device 209 for entering an input into the computer 200. The input device 209 is a device such as a keyboard and a mouse. In the present exemplary embodiment, the computer 200, the display 208, and the input device 209 will be collectively referred to as the information processing apparatus. The information processing apparatus may be an apparatus in which the computer 200, the display 208, and the input device 209 are integrated.
The computer 200 includes a CPU 201, a ROM 202, a DRAM 203, a HDD 204 that is a large-capacity storage area, a graphic processor 205, an I/O 206 that is an input/output circuit, and a network I/F 207.
The CPU 201 transfers a general-purpose control program stored in the HDD 204 to the DRAM 203 based on a basic control program stored in the ROM 202, and operates based on the transferred general-purpose control program.
The DRAM 203 is used as a work area of the CPU 201, and is used as an area for temporarily saving information from the I/O 206 and transmission and reception data to and from the network I/F 207, and a work area of the graphic processor 205. Further, the HDD 204 is used as an area for storing the image data and a program for maintenance.
The maintenance terminal 102 is connected to the network 103 via the network I/F 207, and is connected to the MFPs 105 and 106.
Now, with reference to FIGS. 5, 6, and 7A and 7B, an operation required for the user to register, in the MFP 105, information about paper to newly use by operating the MFP 105 in the present exemplary embodiment will be described.
To use the new paper on the MFP 105, it is necessary to set a paper size and a paper type of the paper to enable a fixing unit, a photosensitive drum, a conveyance roller, and a development unit of the MFP 105 to operate with settings appropriate for the kind of the paper. Conventionally, the user has configured the setting of the paper size and the paper type of the paper using the following procedure.
When the user presses a not-illustrated setting key provided on the operation unit 415, a selection screen indicating a plurality of setting items is displayed on a LCD panel of the operation unit 415. When the user selects “PREFERENCES” on the selection screen, a setting menu screen 701 illustrated in FIG. 5 is displayed on the LCD panel of the operation unit 415.
The user selects “PAPER SIZE FOR AUTOMATIC DETECTION IN PAPER CASSETTE” 704 on the setting menu screen 701, and configures a setting regarding detection of the paper size of one of the cassettes 331 and 332 into which the user intends to load the new paper.
When the user selects “PAPER SIZE FOR AUTOMATIC DETECTION IN PAPER CASSETTE” 704, a detection size setting screen 801 illustrated in FIG. 6 is displayed on the display of the operation unit 415. The user sets the paper size used in the detection with respect to the cassette to use on the detection size setting screen 801. An item 802 is a setting item corresponding to the cassette 331, and the user can select whether to detect the paper size of the paper loaded in the cassette 331 in terms of an A/B size or an inch size. An item 803 is a setting item corresponding to the cassette 332, and the user can select whether to detect the paper size of the paper loaded in the cassette 332 in terms of an A/B size or an inch size.
After setting the size information of the cassette into which the user intends to load the paper, the user selects an “OK” button 804.
After selecting the “OK” button 804, the user opens the cassette to which the paper size for automatic detection is set, loads the paper to use in printing, and then closes the cassette. Upon closing of the cassette by the user, the MFP 105 detects the paper size based on outputs from the paper length switch 341 and the paper width switch 342, and stores the detected paper size and the cassette into the DRAM 404 in association with each other. With this operation, the setting of the paper size of the paper loaded into the cassette is completed.
Next, the user sets “PAPER SETTINGS” 703, and sets the type of the paper loaded into the cassette. When the user selects “PAPER SETTINGS” 703, a paper setting screen 901 illustrated in FIG. 7A is displayed on the LCD panel of the operation unit 415. The paper setting screen 901 is a screen on which types of paper usable in the present cassette are displayed in a list form, and is a screen used by the user to select the type of the paper loaded into the present cassette from among the displayed paper types.
A button 902 is a button for displaying the type of the paper loaded into the cassette 331 on the paper setting screen 901. When the button 902 is selected, the paper size and the paper type currently set to the cassette 331 are displayed in a region 905. A button 903 is a button for displaying the type of the paper loaded into the cassette 332. A “SET” button 904 is a button for setting the type of the paper loaded into the currently selected cassette. When the user selects the “SET” button 904, a paper selection screen 907 illustrated in FIG. 7B is displayed on the LCD panel. An “OK” button 906 is a button for ending the setting of the paper on the paper setting screen 901. When the user selects the “OK” button 906, the setting menu screen 701 is displayed on the LCD panel of the operation unit 415.
The paper selection screen 907 is a screen for selecting the type of the paper loaded into the currently selected cassette. A plurality of buttons for selecting the type of the paper to use, from among paper types with paper information thereof registered in advance, is displayed in a region 908. The user selects a button corresponding to the paper loaded in the present cassette from among the buttons displayed in the region 908, and selects an “OK” button 912. When the user selects the “OK” button 912, information indicating the cassette and information indicating the type of the paper are stored into the DRAM 404 in association with each other. Then, the paper setting screen 901 is displayed on the LCD panel of the operation unit 415.
When the user selects a “TO DETAILED SETTINGS” button 910 after selecting the button from the region 908, a not-illustrated screen for changing settings of the button selected from the region 908 is displayed. The user can set the name and the basis weight of the paper regarding each of the buttons displayed in the region 908 via the not-illustrated screen. The user becomes able to use the new paper for printing by performing the above-described operation. The setting of the cassette into which the paper is loaded and the setting of the paper loaded into the cassette have been described above in the present example. The user needs to perform a further operation in a case where the user wants to check or adjust an image quality of printing using the paper to newly use after completing the setting of the paper.
As described above, a plurality of settings is necessary when the new paper is used, and configuring the settings takes time and effort of the user. If an operator teaches all the operations on the phone and the user configures the settings by operating the MFP while talking with the operator on the phone, a heavier load is imposed on the user. Thus, in the present exemplary embodiment, the operator generates maintenance data by operating the maintenance terminal 102, and the MFP 105 configures the setting and displays a screen indicating required work based on the maintenance data, thereby saving the time and effort of the user.
Now, an outline of a flow of processing performed by the user, the MFP 105, the maintenance terminal 102, and the operator according to the present exemplary embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 8.
First, in step S3000, the user makes a phone call to the operator in the call center 101, and tells the operator the content of the setting or the maintenance that the user wants to achieve from now. The present processing is described as being started by the user calling the operator in the present exemplary embodiment. However, the contact method is not limited to the telephone call and may also be a message exchanged with the operator using an application for the maintenance service. Another method may be the following. When the user starts up the application for the maintenance service on the MFP 105, a screen for selecting an item that the user wants to set is displayed. When the user selects the item, the operator in the call center 101 is notified of the information.
The operator checks with the user the information regarding the MFP 105 and the content of the setting or the maintenance that the user wants to achieve by using the MFP 105. For example, the operator asks the user about the content of the setting or the maintenance that the user wants to achieve, such as whether the user wants to perform printing using new paper, to replace toner, or to clear a jam.
In step S3001, the operator generates setting information required to achieve the setting or the maintenance that the user wants to apply to the MFP 105 by operating the maintenance terminal 102. For example, if the user wants to use new paper, the operator generates, on the maintenance terminal 102, setting information for configuring the setting regarding the automatic detection of the paper size, work information prompting the user to load the paper into the cassette, and setting information for setting the type of the paper.
In step S3002, the operator transmits the generated setting information and work information to the MFP 105 by operating the maintenance terminal 102.
In step S3003, the MFP 105 analyzes the received data and configures the setting based on the setting information generated by the maintenance terminal 102. Then, in step S3004, the MFP 105 displays a screen indicating the work required of the user on the LCD panel of the operation unit 415 based on the work information in the data received from the maintenance terminal 102. For example, the MFP 105 displays a work screen indicating the work that the operator wants the user to perform as illustrated in FIG. 9 on the LCD panel of the operation unit 415 based on the work information received from the maintenance terminal 102. In step S3005, the user checks the screen displayed on the LCD panel of the operation unit 415 and performs the work. FIG. 9 illustrates the work screen indicating the work that the user performs. An “OK” button 3101 is a button used by the user to notify the MFP 105 of the completion of the work. A “CANCEL” button 3102 is a button for canceling the setting processing using the information received from the maintenance terminal 102.
In step S3006, the user selects the “OK” button 3101, thereby notifying the MFP 105 that the user has completed the work by operating the operation unit 415. As a result, the MFP 105 detects that the work by the user is completed. In step S3007, the MFP 105 configures the required setting based on the rest of the setting information after the user has completed the required work. For example, in the above-described example illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7B, after the new paper is loaded into the cassette, the MFP 105 sets the type of the paper and adjusts the image quality and the printing using the new paper. In this case, in step S3007, the MFP 105 performs work of adjusting the type and the image quality of the paper using the data received from the maintenance terminal 102.
Lastly, in step S3008, the MFP 105 notifies the user that the settings based on the data received from the maintenance terminal 102 have been completed. For example, the MFP 105 displays a screen indicating that the setting processing based on the data received from the maintenance terminal 102 has been completed on the LCD panel of the operation unit 415.
In this manner, in the present exemplary embodiment, the user can achieve the desired setting or clear an error only by telling the operator the setting that the user wants to configure and performing the work based on the work information received from the maintenance terminal 102.
In the description below, processing required to execute the sequence illustrated in FIG. 8 will be described. Processing in which the maintenance terminal 102 generates the setting information and the work information and transmits them to the MFP 105 will be described with reference to a flowchart illustrated in FIG. 10.
The processing illustrated in FIG. 10 is started when the operator instructs the maintenance terminal 102 to start up the maintenance service application using the input device 209 according to the present exemplary embodiment. The processing illustrated in FIG. 10 is implemented by the CPU 201 of the maintenance terminal 102 loading the program for maintenance stored in the HDD 204 into the DRAM 203 and executing it.
In step S1001, the CPU 201 generates a maintenance data generation screen 1501 illustrated in FIG. 11A, and displays the maintenance data generation screen 1501 on the display 208 via the graphic processor 205. The maintenance data generation screen 1501 is a screen including an input region 1502 and prompting the operator to input a serial number serving as identification information for identifying the MFP 105. The operator asks the user about the serial number of the MFP 105 and inputs the serial number into the input region 1502. The maintenance terminal 102 acquires the serial number of the MFP 105 via the maintenance data generation screen 1501 to acquire information regarding a device type and product specifications of the MFP 105. An “END” button 1503 on the maintenance data generation screen 1501 is a button used by the operator to instruct the maintenance terminal 102 to end the generation of the maintenance data.
In step S1002, the CPU 201 determines whether the serial number is received via the maintenance data generation screen 1501. When the operator inputs the serial number into the input region 1502 and selects a “NEXT” button 1504 (YES in step S1002), the CPU 201 advances the process to step S1003. Until the operator selects the “NEXT” button 1504, the CPU 201 repeatedly performs the processing described in step S1002. If the operator selects the “END” button 1503, the CPU 201 ends the processing illustrated in FIG. 10.
In step S1003, the CPU 201 saves the serial number input in the input region 1502 into the DRAM 203. In step S1003, the CPU 201 acquires a device type and an Internet Protocol (IP) address corresponding to the serial number input in the input region 1502 from a table illustrated in FIG. 12 that is stored in the HDD 204, and stores them into the DRAM 203. The IP address acquired at this time is used in the transmission of the maintenance data. FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the table stored in the HDD 204. A serial number 1801 indicates the serial number of an MFP that the maintenance terminal 102 can communicate with. A device type 1802 indicates a device model number of the MFP identified by each serial number. An IP address 1803 indicates the IP address corresponding to the MFP identified by each serial number. The table illustrated in FIG. 12 can be stored in a location different from the HDD 204. For example, the table can be stored in a server with which the maintenance terminal 102 can communicate, and the CPU 201 acquires information indicating the device type and the IP address from the server and stores them into the DRAM 203 in step S1003.
In step S1004, the CPU 201 displays a procedure input screen 1505 illustrated in FIG. 11B on the display 208. The serial number input in the input region 1502 on the maintenance data generation screen 1501 is displayed in a serial number region 1506. The device type of the MFP 105 read out in step S1003 is displayed in a device region 1507. A “SET DATA” button 1508 is a button used by the operator to generate the setting information to transmit to the MFP 105. A “SET WORK” button 1509 is a button used by the operator to generate the work information to transmit to the MFP 105. The operator selects either the “SET DATA” button 1508 or the “SET WORK” button 1509. When the operator selects either of the buttons 1508 and 1509, the color of the selected button is highlighted and displayed in a manner indicating that the button is in a selected state. Only one of the “SET DATA” button 1508 and the “SET WORK” button 1509 can be selected, and the operator cannot select both of them at the same time. If the operator selects an “OK” button 1511 while either the “SET DATA” button 1508 or the “SET WORK” button 1509 is selected, a screen for generating the corresponding data to transmit to the MFP 105 is displayed. Even if the “OK” button 1511 is selected while neither the “SET DATA” button 1508 nor the “SET WORK” button 1509 is selected, no change occurs in the display on the display 208 of the maintenance terminal 102. A “TRANSMIT” button 1510 is a button for starting processing of transmitting the setting information and the work information generated by the operator until that time to the MFP 105.
The procedure input screen 1505 may be configured to display shipment destination information set to the MFP 105 and/or information about an optional part connected to the MFP 105, such as a cassette, a paper side deck, or a finisher, and to receive an input thereof although such information is not illustrated in FIG. 11B.
In step S1005, the CPU 201 determines whether the “TRANSMIT” button 1510 is selected. If the “TRANSMIT” button 1510 is selected (YES in step S1005), the CPU 201 performs processing to be described below in and after step S1014. If the “TRANSMIT” button 1510 is not selected (NO in step S1005), in step S1006, the CPU 201 determines whether the “OK” button 1511 is selected. If the “OK” button 1511 is not selected (NO in step S1006), the processing returns to step S1005.
If the “OK” button 1511 is selected (YES in step S1006), in step S1007, the CPU 201 determines whether the “SET DATA” button 1508 is selected. A state where the “SET DATA” button 1508 is not selected (NO in step S1007) means that the “SET WORK” button 1509 is selected, and the CPU 201 performs processing to be described below in and after step S1011. If the “SET DATA” button 1508 is selected (YES in step S1007), the CPU 201 acquires, from the HDD 204, tree-structured data of setting items corresponding to the device type that is a destination to which the maintenance data will be transmitted, which is illustrated in FIG. 13. Then, in step S1008, the CPU 201 displays, on the display 208, a data setting screen 1601 illustrated in FIG. 14 that is generated based on the tree-structured data.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the tree-structured data of the setting items corresponding to the MFP 105 of the device type stored into the DRAM 203 in step S1003. In the present exemplary embodiment, the tree structure illustrated in FIG. 13 corresponds to a tree structure of setting screens displayed on the operation unit 415 of the MFP 105. A first hierarchical layer 1215 indicates items displayed when the user presses the not-illustrated setting key for configuring overall apparatus settings of the MFP 105. A second hierarchical layer 1216 indicates items that the user can set with respect to the item selected in the first hierarchical layer 1215. A third hierarchical layer 1217 indicates items that the user can set with respect to the item selected in the second hierarchical layer 1216. A fourth hierarchical layer 1218 indicates items that the user can set with respect to the item selected in the third hierarchical layer 1217. The number written under each of the setting items is information used by the CPU 201 to identify which data is set.
FIG. 14 illustrates the data setting screen 1601 generated based on the tree structure illustrated in FIG. 13. When the data setting screen 1601 is displayed, items initially displayed thereon are a “PREFERENCES” button 1602, an “ADJUSTMENT/MAINTENANCE SETTINGS” button 1616, a “FUNCTION SETTINGS” button 1617, and a “SET DESTINATION” button 1618 corresponding to the first hierarchical layer 1215 illustrated in FIG. 13. If the operator selects the “PREFERENCES” button 1602, buttons 1603 to 1606 corresponding to the second hierarchical layer 1216 illustrated in FIG. 13 are displayed. When the operator further selects a button corresponding to an item to set from among the buttons 1603 to 1606, buttons 1607 to 1611 representing the items in the third hierarchical layer 1217 corresponding to the button are displayed. When the operator selects an item to set from among the items in the third hierarchical layer 1217, buttons representing the items corresponding to the fourth hierarchical layer 1218 corresponding to the selected item are displayed. In FIG. 14, items surrounded by thick frames are the items selected by the operator. An input region 1613 is a region where the operator inputs a setting value of the item selected with the above-described button. The data setting screen 1601 illustrated in FIG. 14 is a screen where the operator inputs the setting value in the form of a character string. Alternatively, the data setting screen 1601 may be configured in such a manner that, depending on the item, setting values settable for the item that is set with the button are displayed as buttons, and the operator selects one setting value. An “OK” button 1615 is a button used by the operator to complete the data setting. When the operator selects the “OK” button 1615, the procedure input screen 1505 is displayed on the display 208, and the operator can generate the next setting information or work information. A “CANCEL” button 1614 is a button for discarding the setting set on the data setting screen 1601 and returning to the procedure input screen 1505. If the “CANCEL” button 1614 is selected, the procedure input screen 1505 is displayed without the setting information being generated in correspondence with the setting on the data setting screen 1601. The data setting screen 1601 has been described using a case where the operator selects “PREFERENCES” button 1602 in FIG. 14. In step S1009, after displaying the data setting screen 1601, the CPU 201 receives an input of the setting content from the operator. In response to the operator selecting the “OK” button 1615, the CPU 201 advances the process to step S1010. In step S1010, the CPU 201 stores the content set via the data setting screen 1601 into the DRAM 203 and returns the process to step S1004. The setting information for setting one setting item of the MFP 105 is generated by performing the processing described in steps S1008 to S1010. The operator generates as many pieces of setting information as the number of items that the operator wants to set to the MFP 105 by operating the maintenance terminal 102. Processing performed when the “CANCEL” button 1614 is selected on the data setting screen 1601 illustrated in FIG. 14 is omitted in the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 10. If the “CANCEL” button 1614 is selected after step S1009, the CPU 201 discards the value set on the data setting screen 1601, and returns the process to step S1004.
Next, the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 10 will be further described using a case where the “SET WORK” button 1509 is selected in step S1007. The CPU 201 acquires, from the HDD 204, hardware configuration information of the MFP 105 corresponding to the device type of the MFP 105 stored in the DRAM 203. The hardware configuration information refers to information expressing the hardware configuration of the MFP 105 in a tree structure illustrated in FIG. 15. In the tree structure indicating the hardware configuration, a first hierarchical layer 1323 stores therein the device targeted for the work. A second hierarchical layer 1324 stores therein information indicating the portion on which the operator wants the user to perform the work with respect to each of the devices. Then, a third hierarchical layer 1325 stores therein information about a message indicating the work that the operator wants the user to perform on each of the portions. For example, if selecting the scanner as the device targeted for the work and selecting a pressing plate as a portion to be worked on, the operator can instruct the user to set a document on the pressing plate as the work that the operator wants the user to perform or to remove the document from the pressing plate as the work. The number assigned to each of the items in FIG. 15 is information used by the CPU 201 to identify each of the items.
Then, in step S1011, the CPU 201 displays a work setting screen 1701 illustrated in FIG. 16 to be displayed on the display 208 based on the acquired hardware configuration information. When the work setting screen 1701 is displayed, only a “PRINTER” button 1702 and a “SCANNER” button 1703 are displayed at this stage. If the operator selects the “PRINTER” button 1702, a “CASSETTE 1” button to a “WASTE TONER” button placed in the hierarchical layer immediately below “PRINTER” are displayed based on the tree structure illustrated in FIG. 15. If the operator selects a “CASSETTE 3” button 1705, buttons 1711, 1712, and 1713 each for setting a message indicating the work content in the hierarchical layer immediately below “CASSETTE 3” in FIG. 15 are displayed. The button 1711 is a button for displaying a message indicating that the paper should be loaded into the cassette. The button 1712 is a button for displaying a procedure for replacing a waste toner container. The button 1713 is a button for displaying a procedure for replacing a toner cartridge. A preview region 1716 on the work setting screen 1701 illustrated in FIG. 16 is a region displaying a preview image of an image that will be displayed on the LCD panel of the operation unit 415 of the MFP 105 as a result of the setting configured by the operator. The LCD panel of the operation unit 415 of the MFP 105 displays an object indicating the portion on which the operator wants the user to perform the work, and a text indicating the work that the operator wants the user to perform on the portion as illustrated in the preview region 1716. The operator can check the screen that will be displayed on the LCD panel of the MFP 105 by viewing the image displayed in the preview region 1716. FIG. 16 illustrates a screen displayed on the MFP 105 when the operator selects the “PRINTER” button 1702, the “CASSETTE 3” button 1705, and the “LOAD PAPER” button 1711.
In step S1012, the CPU 201 receives the setting of the work information from the operator. When an “OK” button 1715 is selected, in step S1013, the CPU 201 stores the information set via the work setting screen 1701 as the work information into the DRAM 203. Then, the CPU 201 returns the process to step S1004.
The operator repeatedly configures the settings in steps S1004 to S1013, thereby generating the setting information that the operator wants to set to the MFP 105 and the work information indicating the work that the operator wants the user to perform in the course of the setting. Processing performed when the operator selects the “CANCEL” button 1714 on the work setting screen 1701 is omitted in the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 10. If the operator selects the “CANCEL” button 1714 after step S1012, the CPU 201 discards the content set on the work setting screen 1701, and returns the process to step S1004.
The CPU 201 of the maintenance terminal 102 generates the maintenance data in a data structure illustrated in FIG. 17 by performing the processing in steps S1001 to S1013.
An identification tag (serial number) 1101 is data indicating that a character string 1102 is the serial number of the MFP 105. The character string 1102 is data indicating the serial number of the MFP 105 that is saved in step S1003. An end tag 1103 indicates the end of the data indicated based on the identification tag 1101. The end tag also serves as a tag indicating the end of one data block for the following data.
An identification tag (setting information) 1104 indicates that the pieces of data indicated with 1105 to 1107 described below are the setting information generated in step S1010. The setting position information 1105 is data indicating which item is set in each of the first hierarchical layer 1215 to the fourth hierarchical layer 1218 illustrated in FIG. 13. The attribute 1106 is data indicating an attribute of the data 1107 input in the input region 1613. The attribute is, for example, data indicating a character string or a numerical value. The data 1107 is data indicating the setting value input in the input region 1613 on the data setting screen 1601.
An identification tag (work information) 1108 is data indicating that the pieces of data indicated with 1109 and 1110 described below are the work information generated in step S1013. The work portion information 1109 is data indicating which item is set in each of the first hierarchical layer 1323 and the second hierarchical layer 1324 illustrated in FIG. 15. A detailed operation 1110 is data indicating which item is set in the third hierarchical layer 1325 illustrated in FIG. 15.
The pieces of data illustrated in FIG. 17 are arranged in the order in which the operator has set the setting information and the work information. Arranging the data in this manner allows the operator to set the data using the same procedure as that at the time of configuring the setting and performing the work using the MFP 105. In FIG. 17, the setting information and the work information are arranged in the order in which the operator has set them. Information indicating the order in which the operator has set them may be added to each of the setting information and the work information. Adding the information indicating the order can further clarify the order in which the operator has set them.
If the “TRANSMIT” button 1510 is selected in step S1005 (YES in step S1005), in step S1014, the CPU 201 generates image data to be displayed on the LCD panel of the operation unit 415 of the MFP 105 based on the work information set by the operator. In step S1005, the CPU 201 identifies data having the identification tag indicating the work information from the maintenance data illustrated in FIG. 17. The CPU 201 generates the image data to be displayed on the operation unit 415 of the MFP 105 with respect to the identified work information.
| 7,474 |
2009091200870
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Licence ouverte
| 2,009 |
ASSOCIATION ELECTRICIENS AE PAYS BASQUE.
|
ASSOCIATIONS
|
French
|
Spoken
| 37 | 44 |
sensibiliser ces professionnels au respect des règles et normes en vigueur notamment en matière de sécurité des personnes et des biens ; répondre aux souhaits de la clientèle dans le domaine du confort électrique et équipement électrique.
| 11,184 |
https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/230011
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,014 |
Stack Exchange
|
Bart van Ingen Schenau, Oded, david.pfx, https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/114930, https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/120960, https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/4767, https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/5099, peripatein
|
English
|
Spoken
| 752 | 1,183 |
Running time question
I have an array A of n integers, sorted from min to max, and two numbers a<=b, which are known to be in A. I would like to write a pseudo-code for a procedure whose running time is c1+c2log(n) and which returns the number of elements in A which satisfy a<=A[i]<=b.
I wrote the following but am not sure it satisfies the requirement for the running time and would appreciate some help:
NB <- denotes an arrow
LBound(Input: integer n, sorted array of integers A, integer a) {
min ← 1
max ← n
while (min <= max) {
mid ← |_(min + max) / 2_|
if (A[mid] < a)
min ← mid + 1
else
max ← mid - 1
}
output(min)
}
LBound(Input: integer n, sorted array of integers A, integer a) {
min ← 1
max ← n
while (min <= max) {
mid ← |_(min + max) / 2_|
if (A[mid] > b)
max ← mid - 1
else
min ← mid + 1
}
output(max)
}
Range(Input: integer n, sorted array of integers A) {
output (1 + UBound(n,A,b) – LBound(n,A,a))
}
Did you even look at the preview before posting? Please do before you post - what you originally posted was unreadable.
@Oded Of course I looked at the preview! I have been trying to reformat it to not much avail for the past five minutes.
Fair enough - perhaps you should read the formatting help?
Your worst case execution time is O(n) (if a == A[0] && b == A[n]), so no, your algorithm doesn't meet the requirement of O(log n).
@BartvanIngenSchenau Did you not forget to take under consideration the running time of BinarySearch, also included in my code?
@Oded And I have read the formatting help. I indented the code blocks as instructed yet for some reason it failed to work.
@peripatein: No, I didn't. In big-O notation (which I used), only the dominant term is given. With lesser terms included, your algorithm has a running time comparable with c1 + c2*log(n) + c3*n
Code blocks need an empty line before them. Look at my edits to see what I have done.
@BartvanIngenSchenau Alright, please see edits. Is it better now? However, suppose there are duplicates in A, i.e. certain values recur. How may I handle that? I wouldn't wish to change my array (namely, shifting contents). I therefore see no way I could achieve counting the elements without using a loop. How do you reckon?
Now your algorithm has the right time complexity. The only duplicates that might pose a problem are duplications of a or b, because it is unpredictable which of those will be selected by the binary search. That is not solvable without a loop to my knowledge.
@BartvanIngenSchenau Wouldn't using a loop to find the index of the first duplicate entail exceeding the running time restrictions? In other words, I am not sure how to accomplish that under these restrictions.
@BartvanIngenSchenau I have edited my code to handle the case of duplicate values. Does it seem okay (I have tried it on several arrays but wish to make sure)?
Yes, the approach you have selected will satisfy the requirement. Each binary search is O(log n), so two of them are still O(log n).
No, you haven't got the code right yet. You've got an off-by-one error in the first block and mangled formatting in the second block. As you're using 1-based subscripting there is probably another off-by-one error in your binary search but until you get the formatting right it's too hard to work out.
Actually, I haven't written a binary search in years. Isn't that what the C/C++ libraries are for?
I have edited my code to handle the case of duplicate values. Does it seem okay (I have tried it on several arrays but wish to make sure)?
You fixed one of the off-by-one errors; your pseudo-code still has formatting problems; you don't need two functions, one binary search is enough; and if you tried it you must have written real code, so why not show us what you really wrote?
I didn't write any real code. Am not trying to conceal anything. I have tried it on a piece of paper, using a few sample arrays. It did yield the desired reasults in all cases.
@peripatein: OK, then all I can say is that code doesn't look right. Check this link for one that looks much better to me: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_algorithm (iterative solution)
| 21,698 |
https://github.com/szcyd-chian/soliwordsapi/blob/master/swtoolkit/api/enums/enum_options.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
soliwordsapi
|
szcyd-chian
|
Python
|
Code
| 125 | 363 |
"""Contains enumerations for SolidWorks options.
"""
from enum import Enum
class OpenDocOptions(Enum):
LIGHTWEIGHT = 32
RAPID_DRAFT = 8
READ_ONLY = 2
SILENT = 1
LARGE_DESIGN_REVIEW = 4
class SummInfoField(Enum):
AUTHOR = 2
COMMENT = 4
CREATE_DATE = 6
CREATE_DATE2 = 8
KEYWORDS = 3
SAVE_DATE = 7
SAVE_DATE2 = 9
SAVED_BY = 5
SUBJECT = 1
TITLE = 0
class StandardViews(Enum):
BACK = 2
BOTTOM = 6
DIMETRIC = 9
FRONT = 1
ISOMETRIC = 7
LEFT = 3
RIGHT = 4
TOP = 5
TRIMETRIC = 8
class SaveAsOptions(Enum):
AVOID_REBUILD_ON_SAVE = 8
COPY = 2
DETACHED_DRAWING = 128
IGNORE_BIOGRAPHY = 256
OVERRIDE_SAVE_EMODEL = 32
SAVE_REFERENCED = 4
SILENT = 1
UPDATE_INACTIVE_VIEWS = 16
class CustomPropertyAddOption(Enum):
DELETE_AND_ADD = 1
ONLY_IF_NEW = 0
REPLACE_VALUE = 2
| 31,027 |
https://github.com/drweissbrot-archive/ponygon2018/blob/master/resources/assets/js/components/Game/Drawonary/TurnEndedModal.vue
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
ponygon2018
|
drweissbrot-archive
|
Vue
|
Code
| 60 | 229 |
<template>
<div class="drawonary-modal">
<h3>Turn ended!</h3>
<p v-for="(points, user) in addedPoints">
<strong>{{ findPlayerNameById(user) }}</strong>:
+{{ points }} pts
</p>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
addedPoints: {
required: true
},
players: {
required: true
}
},
methods: {
findPlayerNameById(id) {
for (let player in this.players) {
if (this.players[player].id === id) {
return this.players[player].name
}
}
}
}
}
</script>
| 47,077 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldridge%20Lake%20%28lanaw%20sa%20Tinipong%20Bansa%2C%20Montana%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Aldridge Lake (lanaw sa Tinipong Bansa, Montana)
|
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldridge Lake (lanaw sa Tinipong Bansa, Montana)&action=history
|
Cebuano
|
Spoken
| 183 | 293 |
Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang Aldridge Lake.
Lanaw ang Aldridge Lake sa Tinipong Bansa. Nahimutang ni sa kondado sa Park County ug estado sa Montana, sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, km sa kasadpan sa Washington, D.C. metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Aldridge Lake. Naglangkob kin og ka kilometro kwadrado. Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang Cinnabar Mountain, ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, km sa amihanan sa Aldridge Lake. Ang mga tanom sa palibot sa Aldridge Lake kay hapit tanan kasagbotan ang ulohan sa nasod. Naglukop ni og 0.8 km gikan sa amihanan ngadto sa habagatan ug 0.3 km gikan sa sidlakan ngadto sa kasadpan.
Sa mosunod nga mga natural nga mga bahin makita sa Aldridge Lake:
Aldridge Creek (suba)
Ang klima hemiboreal. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Mayo, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Oktubre, sa milimetro.
Saysay
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mga lanaw sa Montana (estado)
| 22,776 |
https://github.com/REC17/cadnano2/blob/master/ui/pathview/tools/abstractpathtool.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,011 |
cadnano2
|
REC17
|
Python
|
Code
| 636 | 1,501 |
# The MIT License
#
# Copyright (c) 2011 Wyss Institute at Harvard University
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
#
# http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
crossoverhandle.py
Created by Shawn on 2011-05-03.
"""
import ui.styles as styles
from PyQt4.QtGui import QGraphicsItem, QGraphicsItemGroup
from PyQt4.QtCore import QPointF, QRectF, Qt
from PyQt4.QtGui import QBrush, QFont, QPen
from model.enum import StrandType
# There's a bug where C++ will free orphaned
# graphics items out from under pyqt. To avoid
# this, "mother" adopts orphaned graphics items.
mother = QGraphicsItemGroup()
class AbstractPathTool(QGraphicsItem):
"""
Abstract base class to be subclassed by all other pathview tools.
AbstractPathTool is an abstract class for tools that can handle events
forwarded in the style of util.defineEventForwardingMethodsForClass.
In other words, the activeTool() gets events from various graphics objects
in the pathview and then makes the corresponding changes to the model.
The displayed content then updates automatically via notifications from
the model.
* the activeTool gets events from graphics items and does the work
(changes the model). Possible future configuration of the activeTool()
can be done on the instances of various tools kept in the controller,
like selectTool.
* graphics items that make up the view sit back and watch the model,
updating when it changes
"""
_baseWidth = styles.PATH_BASE_WIDTH
_toolRect = QRectF(0, 0,\
_baseWidth, _baseWidth)
_rect = QRectF(0, 0,\
_baseWidth +\
styles.PATH_BASE_HL_STROKE_WIDTH / 2,\
_baseWidth +\
styles.PATH_BASE_HL_STROKE_WIDTH / 2)
_pen = QPen(styles.redstroke, styles.PATH_BASE_HL_STROKE_WIDTH)
_brush = QBrush(Qt.NoBrush)
def __init__(self, controller, parent=None):
super(AbstractPathTool, self).__init__(parent)
self._active = False
self._controller = controller
def paint(self, painter, option, widget=None):
painter.setPen(self._pen)
painter.setBrush(self._brush)
painter.drawRect(self._toolRect)
# end def
def boundingRect(self):
return self._rect
# end def
def hoverEnterPathHelix(self, pathHelix, event):
self.setParentItem(pathHelix)
self.show()
# end def
def hoverLeavePathHelix(self, pathHelix, event):
self.hide()
# end def
def hoverMovePathHelix(self, pathHelix, event, flag=None):
"""
Flag is for the case where an item in the path also needs to
implement the hover method.
"""
self.setParentItem(pathHelix)
self.show()
posItem = event.pos()
if flag != None:
posScene = event.scenePos()
posItem = self.parentItem().mapFromScene(posScene)
self.setPos(self.helixPos(posItem))
# end def
def setActive(self, willBeActive):
"""
Called by PathController.setActiveTool when the tool becomes
active. Used, for example, to show/hide tool-specific ui elements.
"""
if self.isActive() and not willBeActive:
self.setParentItem(mother)
def isActive(self):
"""Returns isActive"""
return self._active!=mother
def baseAtPoint(self, pathHelix, pt):
"""Returns the (strandType, baseIdx) corresponding
to pt in pathHelix."""
x, strandIdx = self.helixIndex(pt)
vh = pathHelix.vhelix()
if vh.evenParity():
strandType = (StrandType.Scaffold, StrandType.Staple)[strandIdx]
else:
strandType = (StrandType.Staple, StrandType.Scaffold)[strandIdx]
return (strandType, x)
def helixIndex(self, point):
"""Returns the (row, col) of the base which point
lies within."""
x = int(point.x() / self._baseWidth)
y = int(point.y() / self._baseWidth)
return (x, y)
# end def
def helixPos(self, point):
"""Snaps a point to the upper left corner of the base
it is within."""
x = int(point.x() / self._baseWidth) * self._baseWidth
y = int(point.y() / self._baseWidth) * self._baseWidth
return QPointF(x, y)
# end def
# end class
| 30,172 |
https://github.com/konichar/thefront-preview/blob/master/src/layouts/Main/Main.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
thefront-preview
|
konichar
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 601 | 2,024 |
import React, { useState } from 'react';
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import clsx from 'clsx';
import { makeStyles, useTheme } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
import { useMediaQuery, Divider } from '@material-ui/core';
import { Topbar, Footer, Sidebar } from './components';
const useStyles = makeStyles(theme => ({
root: {
height: '100%',
},
}));
const Main = props => {
const { children } = props;
const classes = useStyles();
const theme = useTheme();
const isMd = useMediaQuery(theme.breakpoints.up('md'), {
defaultMatches: true,
});
const pages = {
landings: {
title: 'Landings',
id: 'landing-pages',
children: {
services: {
groupTitle: 'Services',
pages: [
{
title: 'Coworking',
href: '/coworking',
},
{
title: 'Rental',
href: '/rental',
},
{
title: 'Job Listing',
href: '/job-listing',
},
{
title: 'E-Learning',
href: '/e-learning',
},
{
title: 'E-commerce',
href: '/e-commerce',
},
{
title: 'Expo',
href: '/expo',
},
],
},
apps: {
groupTitle: 'Apps',
pages: [
{
title: 'Desktop App',
href: '/desktop-app',
},
{
title: 'Mobile App',
href: '/mobile-app',
},
],
},
web: {
groupTitle: 'Web',
pages: [
{
title: 'Overview',
href: '/home',
},
{
title: 'Basic',
href: '/web-basic',
},
{
title: 'Service',
href: '/service',
},
{
title: 'Startup',
href: '/startup',
},
{
title: 'Enterprise',
href: '/enterprise',
},
{
title: 'Cloud Hosting',
href: '/cloud-hosting',
},
{
title: 'Agency',
href: '/agency',
},
{
title: 'Design Company',
href: '/design-company',
},
{
title: 'Logistics',
href: '/logistics',
},
],
},
},
},
pages: {
title: 'Pages',
id: 'supported-pages',
children: {
career: {
groupTitle: 'Career',
pages: [
{
title: 'Lising',
href: '/career-listing',
},
{
title: 'Lising Minimal',
href: '/career-listing-minimal',
},
{
title: 'Opening',
href: '/career-opening',
},
],
},
helpCenter: {
groupTitle: 'Help center',
pages: [
{
title: 'Overview',
href: '/help-center',
},
{
title: 'Article',
href: '/help-center-article',
},
],
},
company: {
groupTitle: 'Company',
pages: [
{
title: 'About',
href: '/about',
},
{
title: 'About (Cover)',
href: '/about-side-cover',
},
{
title: 'Pricing',
href: '/pricing',
},
{
title: 'Terms',
href: '/company-terms',
},
],
},
contact: {
groupTitle: 'Contact',
pages: [
{
title: 'Reach View',
href: '/contact-page',
},
{
title: 'Sidebar Map',
href: '/contact-sidebar-map',
},
{
title: 'Cover',
href: '/contact-page-cover',
},
],
},
blog: {
groupTitle: 'Blog',
pages: [
{
title: 'Newsroom',
href: '/blog-newsroom',
},
{
title: 'Reach View',
href: '/blog-reach-view',
},
{
title: 'Search',
href: '/blog-search',
},
{
title: 'Article',
href: '/blog-article',
},
],
},
portfolio: {
groupTitle: 'Portfolio',
pages: [
{
title: 'Basic',
href: '/portfolio-page',
},
{
title: 'Masonry',
href: '/portfolio-masonry',
},
{
title: 'Grid View',
href: '/portfolio-grid',
},
{
title: 'Parallax Effect',
href: '/agency',
},
],
},
},
},
account: {
title: 'Account',
id: 'account',
children: {
settings: {
groupTitle: 'Settings',
pages: [
{
title: 'General',
href: '/account/general',
},
{
title: 'Security',
href: '/account/security',
},
{
title: 'Notifications',
href: '/account/notifications',
},
{
title: 'Billing',
href: '/account/billing',
},
],
},
signup: {
groupTitle: 'Sign up',
pages: [
{
title: 'Simple',
href: '/signup-simple',
},
{
title: 'Cover',
href: '/signup-cover',
},
],
},
signin: {
groupTitle: 'Sign in',
pages: [
{
title: 'Simple',
href: '/signin-simple',
},
{
title: 'Cover',
href: '/signin-cover',
},
],
},
password: {
groupTitle: 'Password reset',
pages: [
{
title: 'Simple',
href: '/password-reset-simple',
},
{
title: 'Cover',
href: '/password-reset-cover',
},
],
},
error: {
groupTitle: 'Error',
pages: [
{
title: 'Simple',
href: '/not-found',
},
{
title: 'Cover',
href: '/not-found-cover',
},
],
},
},
},
};
const [openSidebar, setOpenSidebar] = useState(false);
const handleSidebarOpen = () => {
setOpenSidebar(true);
};
const handleSidebarClose = () => {
setOpenSidebar(false);
};
const open = isMd ? false : openSidebar;
return (
<div
className={clsx({
[classes.root]: true,
})}
>
<Topbar onSidebarOpen={handleSidebarOpen} pages={pages} />
<Sidebar
onClose={handleSidebarClose}
open={open}
variant="temporary"
pages={pages}
/>
<main>
<Divider />
{children}
</main>
<Footer pages={pages} />
</div>
);
};
Main.propTypes = {
children: PropTypes.node,
};
export default Main;
| 32,898 |
https://github.com/The6P4C/rust-fmt-game/blob/master/src/components/LevelsListElement.vue
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
rust-fmt-game
|
The6P4C
|
Vue
|
Code
| 192 | 576 |
<template>
<div class="level" v-bind:class="{ 'level-current': isCurrent }">
<span class="level-name">{{ index + 1 }}. {{ level.name }}</span>
<span v-if="bestTime" class="best-time" v-bind:title="'Best time: ' + bestTimeHoverString">{{ bestTimeString }}</span>
<span v-else class="best-time" title="No best time yet">—</span>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'LevelsListElement',
props: {
index: Number,
level: Object,
bestTime: Number, // time in seconds, or null
isCurrent: Boolean
},
computed: {
bestTimeMinutes: function() {
return Math.floor(this.bestTime / 60);
},
bestTimeSeconds: function() {
return this.bestTime % 60;
},
bestTimeHoverString: function() {
const minutesString = '' + this.bestTimeMinutes;
const secondsString = '' + this.bestTimeSeconds;
const minutePlural = this.bestTimeMinutes == 1 ? '' : 's';
const secondPlural = this.bestTimeSeconds == 1 ? '' : 's';
return minutesString + ' minute' + minutePlural + ', ' + secondsString + ' second' + secondPlural;
},
bestTimeString: function() {
const minutesString = ('' + this.bestTimeMinutes).padStart(2, '0');
const secondsString = ('' + this.bestTimeSeconds).padStart(2, '0');
return minutesString + ':' + secondsString;
}
}
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.level {
padding: 10px;
border-top: 1px solid #999;
cursor: pointer;
}
.level:last-child {
border-bottom: 1px solid #999;
}
.level:hover {
background-color: #eee;
}
.level-current {
font-weight: bold;
}
.best-time {
float: right;
}
</style>
| 50,469 |
https://github.com/ronnamaeffirmo/fhcs/blob/master/client/src/tests/components/EditItemForm.test.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
fhcs
|
ronnamaeffirmo
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 85 | 258 |
import App from '../../components/EditItemForm'
import React from 'react'
import { configure } from 'enzyme'
import Adapter from 'enzyme-adapter-react-16'
import { shallow, render } from 'enzyme'
import 'react-testing-library/cleanup-after-each'
import 'jest-dom/extend-expect'
configure({ adapter: new Adapter() })
describe('EditItemForm', () => {
it('renders without crashing', () => {
shallow(<App/>)
})
// it('renders welcome message', () => {
// const { getByText } = render(<App/>)
// expect(getByText('Username')).toBeInTheDocument()
// })
it('allows us to set props', () => {
const wrapper = shallow(<App bar="baz"/>)
expect(wrapper.props().bar).toEqual('baz')
wrapper.setProps({ bar: 'App' })
expect(wrapper.props().bar).toEqual('App')
})
})
| 6,428 |
https://github.com/Tom-Kennedy/Swagger.Net/blob/master/Swagger.Net.WebAPI/Controllers/BlogPostsController.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
LicenseRef-scancode-warranty-disclaimer, Apache-2.0
| 2,014 |
Swagger.Net
|
Tom-Kennedy
|
C#
|
Code
| 136 | 395 |
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;
using Swagger.Net.WebApi.Models;
namespace Swagger.Net.WebApi.Controllers
{
/// <summary>
/// Controller for getting blogposts
/// </summary>
public class BlogPostsController : ApiController
{
// GET api/blogposts
public IEnumerable<string> Get()
{
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets a blog post
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">Id of the blogpost</param>
/// <param name="cheese">nom nom</param>
/// <param name="enumTest">Please work</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string Get(int id, bool? isABool = false, string cheese = "nom nom", EnumTest enumTest = EnumTest.Hope)
{
return "value";
}
// POST api/blogposts
public BlogPostRequest Post([FromBody] BlogPostRequest request)
{
return request;
}
// PUT api/blogposts/5
public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value)
{
}
// DELETE api/blogposts/5
public void Delete(int id)
{
}
}
public enum EnumTest
{
Hope,
This,
Is,
Working
}
}
| 43,543 |
https://openalex.org/W4214844862
|
OpenAlex
|
Open Science
|
CC-By
| 2,008 |
UV albedo of arctic snow in spring
|
Outi Meinander
|
English
|
Spoken
| 19,596 | 34,315 |
To cite this version: O. Meinander, A. Kontu, K. Lakkala, A. Heikkilä, L. Ylianttila, et al.. UV albedo of arctic snow in
spring. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2008, 8 (1), pp.4155-4198. hal-00303999 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 HAL Id: hal-00303999
https://hal.science/hal-00303999v1
Submitted on 18 Jun 2008 L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
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émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de
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lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 4155–4198, 2008
www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/4155/2008/
© Author(s) 2008. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 4155–4198, 2008
www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/4155/2008/
© Author(s) 2008. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Atmospheric
Chemistry
and Physics
Discussions ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic snow in spring UV albedo of arctic snow in spring
O. Meinander1, A. Kontu1, K. Lakkala1, A. Heikkil¨a1, L. Ylianttila2, and M. Toikka3
1Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. BOX 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
2Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 14, 00881, Helsinki, Finland
3Toikka Engineering Ltd., Hannuntie 18, 02360 Espoo, Finland O. Meinander1, A. Kontu1, K. Lakkala1, A. Heikkil¨a1, L. Ylianttila2, and M. Toikka3
1Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. BOX 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
2Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 14, 00881, Helsinki, Finland
3Toikka Engineering Ltd., Hannuntie 18, 02360 Espoo, Finland Received: 3 January 2008 – Accepted: 9 January 2008 – Published: 29 February 2008
Correspondence to: O. Meinander (outi.meinander@fmi.fi) Received: 3 January 2008 – Accepted: 9 January 2008 – Published: 29 February 2008
Correspondence to: O. Meinander (outi.meinander@fmi.fi) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 4155 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. y
y
g
g
p
0.5–0.7 during melting. During the snow melt period, under cases of an almost clear
10
sky and variable cloudiness, an unexpected diurnal decrease of 0.05 in albedo soon
after midday, and recovery thereafter, was detected. This diurnal decrease in albedo
was found to be asymmetric with respect to solar midday, thus indicating a change in
the properties of the snow. Independent UV albedo results with two different types
of instruments confirm these findings
The measured temperature of the snow sur-
15 0.5–0.7 during melting. During the snow melt period, under cases of an almost clear
10
sky and variable cloudiness, an unexpected diurnal decrease of 0.05 in albedo soon
after midday, and recovery thereafter, was detected. This diurnal decrease in albedo
was found to be asymmetric with respect to solar midday, thus indicating a change in
the properties of the snow. Independent UV albedo results with two different types of instruments confirm these findings. The measured temperature of the snow sur-
15
face was below 0◦C on the following mornings. Hence, the reversible diurnal change,
evident for ∼1–2 h, could be explained by the daily metamorphosis of the surface of
the snowpack, in which the temperature of the surface increases, melting some of the
snow to liquid water, after which the surface freezes again. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 The relevance of snow for climate studies is based on its physical properties, such
as high surface reflectivity. Surface ultraviolet (UV) albedo is an essential parameter
for various applications based on radiative transfer modeling. Here, new continuous 8, 4155–4198, 2008 measurements of the local UV albedo of natural Arctic snow were made at Sodankyl¨a
5
(67.37◦N, 26.63◦E, 179 m a.s.l.) during the spring of 2007. The data were logged at 1-
min intervals. The accumulation of snow was up to 68 cm. The surface layer thickness
varied from 0.5 to 35 cm with the snow grain size between 0.2 and 2.5 mm. The midday
erythemally weighted UV albedo ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 in the accumulation period and measurements of the local UV albedo of natural Arctic snow were made at Sodankyl¨a
5
(67.37◦N, 26.63◦E, 179 m a.s.l.) during the spring of 2007. The data were logged at 1-
min intervals. The accumulation of snow was up to 68 cm. The surface layer thickness
varied from 0.5 to 35 cm with the snow grain size between 0.2 and 2.5 mm. The midday
erythemally weighted UV albedo ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 in the accumulation period and Abstract ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. (
)
y
p
y
painful condition of snow blindness (UNEP, 2002). The UV albedo for a surface with
10
snow is high, and also due to multiple reflections affects downwelling radiation (Bais
and Lubin, 2007). Moreover, surface UV albedo is an essential parameter for vari-
ous applications based on radiative transfer (RT) modeling, including various satellite
retrieval algorithms. For example, current satellite UV algorithms demand better in- (
)
y
p
y
painful condition of snow blindness (UNEP, 2002). The UV albedo for a surface with
10
snow is high, and also due to multiple reflections affects downwelling radiation (Bais
and Lubin, 2007). Moreover, surface UV albedo is an essential parameter for vari-
ous applications based on radiative transfer (RT) modeling, including various satellite
retrieval algorithms. For example, current satellite UV algorithms demand better in- g
p ,
g
formation on UV albedo, especially for land when covered by snow (e.g., Arola et al.,
15
2003; Tanskanen and Manninen, 2007). Accurate ground-based long-term albedo measurements of snow are somewhat
sparse due to the harsh conditions with snow. Broadband albedo, measured with
pyranometers, has been more widely studied (Pirazzini, 2004; Pirazzini et al., 2006; formation on UV albedo, especially for land when covered by snow (e.g., Arola et al.,
15
2003; Tanskanen and Manninen, 2007). Accurate ground-based long-term albedo measurements of snow are somewhat
sparse due to the harsh conditions with snow. Broadband albedo, measured with
pyranometers, has been more widely studied (Pirazzini, 2004; Pirazzini et al., 2006; pyranometers, has been more widely studied (Pirazzini, 2004; Pirazzini et al., 2006;
Wuttke et al., 2006), and spectral studies are less (Perovich et al., 2002; Wuttke et
20
al., 2006). Only a few studies on UV albedo of snow have been published, some of
them for Antarctic (e.g., Smolskaia et al., 1999; Wuttke, et al., 2006) and few for Arctic
snow (e.g., Perovich et al., 2002), and moreover, most of them are campaigns, not
continuous high temporal resolution measurements. As far as albedo is concerned,
A
ti
d A t
ti
diff
f
h
th
i ll i
t
A t
ti Wuttke et al., 2006), and spectral studies are less (Perovich et al., 2002; Wuttke et
20
al., 2006). ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 1980; Blumthaler and Ambach, 1988; Wuttke et al., 2006). In the melting process, of-
ten initiated in springtime by the increase of shortwave irradiance, the snow grains are 8, 4155–4198, 2008 filled with liquid water and the density of the snow may increase, e.g., in the open sites
5
of Arctic Finland, to 350 kg/m3 (Kuusisto, 1984). When the albedo decreases, more
radiation is absorbed, and the melting of the snow may increase due to this albedo
feedback mechanism (e.g., Bony et al., 2006). In addition to its climate connections,
ultraviolet radiation (UV) reflected from snow and ice may cause unprotected eyes the 5 1
Introduction
0 The relevance of snow for climate variability and change is based on its physical prop-
erties, such as high surface reflectivity, i.e., albedo (IPCC, 2007). High albedo has
an important influence on the surface energy budget and on Earth’s radiative balance
(e.g., Forster et al., 2007). Snow albedo varies with wavelength, and therefore the The relevance of snow for climate variability and change is based on its physical prop-
erties, such as high surface reflectivity, i.e., albedo (IPCC, 2007). High albedo has
an important influence on the surface energy budget and on Earth’s radiative balance
(e.g., Forster et al., 2007). Snow albedo varies with wavelength, and therefore the The relevance of snow for climate variability and change is based on its physical prop-
erties, such as high surface reflectivity, i.e., albedo (IPCC, 2007). High albedo has
an important influence on the surface energy budget and on Earth’s radiative balance
(e.g., Forster et al., 2007). Snow albedo varies with wavelength, and therefore the
strength of the feedback depends on a number of factors, such as the depth and age
25
of the snow cover, and the amount of incoming solar radiation and cloud cover. The an important influence on the surface energy budget and on Earth s radiative balance
(e.g., Forster et al., 2007). Snow albedo varies with wavelength, and therefore the
strength of the feedback depends on a number of factors, such as the depth and age
25
of the snow cover, and the amount of incoming solar radiation and cloud cover. The strength of the feedback depends on a number of factors, such as the depth and age
25
of the snow cover, and the amount of incoming solar radiation and cloud cover. The 4156 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Meinander et al. (2006). The effects of instrumental uncertainties, such as calibration
10
and cosine error, atmospheric parameters, solar zenith angle, and geometric aspects,
like slopes and shadows, are considered in Sects. 2 and 4, and discussed further in
Sect. 5. Meinander et al. (2006). The effects of instrumental uncertainties, such as calibration
10
and cosine error, atmospheric parameters, solar zenith angle, and geometric aspects,
like slopes and shadows, are considered in Sects. 2 and 4, and discussed further in
Sect. 5. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Only a few studies on UV albedo of snow have been published, some of
them for Antarctic (e.g., Smolskaia et al., 1999; Wuttke, et al., 2006) and few for Arctic
snow (e.g., Perovich et al., 2002), and moreover, most of them are campaigns, not
continuous high temporal resolution measurements. As far as albedo is concerned, Arctic and Antarctic snow differ from each other especially in two ways: Antarctic snow
25
has smaller snow grain sizes, and has more pure snow unaffected by impurities. Grain
sizes of up to approx. 3 mm have been reported for the Arctic snow (Pirazzini et al.,
2006). For these reasons, a lower albedo is expected for Arctic snow. On the basis of earlier studies by others, it was our hypothesis that snow melt will On the basis of earlier studies by others, it was our hypothesis that snow melt will 4157 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
◭
◮
◭
◮
Back
Close
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Interactive Discussion decrease the UV albedo of Arctic snow. Moreover, it was our goal to study, using
continuous high temporal resolution 1-min measurements over the whole melt sea-
son, how the decrease actually happens: in a single dramatic change, step-by-step
or decreasing more or less linearily, little by little. Also, our aim was to study how the
temperature of the air and ground, grain size of the snow, and amount of snow, as
5
well as incoming irradiance and cloudiness possibly affect the albedo. To avoid mis-
interpretation of the experimental data, the error sources have to be considered. A
detailed analysis of the uncertainties in UV measurements is available in Bernhard &
Seckmeyer (1999), and azimuthal errors in spectral UV data have been explained in
Meinander et al. (2006). The effects of instrumental uncertainties, such as calibration
10
and cosine error, atmospheric parameters, solar zenith angle, and geometric aspects,
like slopes and shadows, are considered in Sects. 2 and 4, and discussed further in
Sect. 5. decrease the UV albedo of Arctic snow. Moreover, it was our goal to study, using
continuous high temporal resolution 1-min measurements over the whole melt sea-
son, how the decrease actually happens: in a single dramatic change, step-by-step
or decreasing more or less linearily, little by little. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Also, our aim was to study how the decrease the UV albedo of Arctic snow. Moreover, it was our goal to study, using
continuous high temporal resolution 1-min measurements over the whole melt sea-
son, how the decrease actually happens: in a single dramatic change, step-by-step
or decreasing more or less linearily, little by little. Also, our aim was to study how the ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 temperature of the air and ground, grain size of the snow, and amount of snow, as
5
well as incoming irradiance and cloudiness possibly affect the albedo. To avoid mis-
interpretation of the experimental data, the error sources have to be considered. A
detailed analysis of the uncertainties in UV measurements is available in Bernhard &
Seckmeyer (1999), and azimuthal errors in spectral UV data have been explained in temperature of the air and ground, grain size of the snow, and amount of snow, as
5
well as incoming irradiance and cloudiness possibly affect the albedo. To avoid mis-
interpretation of the experimental data, the error sources have to be considered. A
detailed analysis of the uncertainties in UV measurements is available in Bernhard &
Seckmeyer (1999), and azimuthal errors in spectral UV data have been explained in UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. In order to gain wavelength-dependent snow albedo information, the reflected irradi-
5
ance was also measured at 1-min intervals with an multibandfilter radiometer (MBFR,
NILU-UV type) radiometer, placed facing downwards close (3 m) to the SL501 albedo
sensors. These multichannel measurements were made from 6 February till end of
May 2007. In addition, one NILU-UV radiometer facing upwards was situated close In order to gain wavelength-dependent snow albedo information, the reflected irradi-
5
ance was also measured at 1-min intervals with an multibandfilter radiometer (MBFR,
NILU-UV type) radiometer, placed facing downwards close (3 m) to the SL501 albedo
sensors. These multichannel measurements were made from 6 February till end of
May 2007. In addition, one NILU-UV radiometer facing upwards was situated close by (30 m), on the roof of the Sodankyl¨a Observatory. The NILU-UV radiometer mea-
10
sures UV in five channels with central wavelengths around 305, 312, 320, 340 and
380 nm, and bandwidths of around 10 nm at FWHM. A sixth channel measures pho-
tosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the range of 400–700 nm. With these chan-
nels, UVA and UVB, and erythemally-weighted UV albedo can be calculated from the ,
,
y
y
g
ratio of downwelling irradiance to upwelling irradiance, UVA↑/UVA↓, UVB↑/UVB↓, and
15
UVery ↑/UVery ↓, measured at 2π. The characteristics of the instruments are described
more in detail in Hoiskar et al. (2003). ratio of downwelling irradiance to upwelling irradiance, UVA↑/UVA↓, UVB↑/UVB↓, and
15
UVery ↑/UVery ↓, measured at 2π. The characteristics of the instruments are described
more in detail in Hoiskar et al. (2003). ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 2.1
UVB albedo measurements
15 New polar Arctic measurements on the local UV albedo of snow were planned and
carried out in 2007 at Sodankyl¨a, (67.37◦N, 26.63◦E, 179 m a.s.l.), Finland. For UV
albedo measurements, two sensors of the UVBiometer Model 501 from Solar Light
Co. (SL501) with similar spectral and cosine responses (Figs. 1 and 2) were used, New polar Arctic measurements on the local UV albedo of snow were planned and
carried out in 2007 at Sodankyl¨a, (67.37◦N, 26.63◦E, 179 m a.s.l.), Finland. For UV
albedo measurements, two sensors of the UVBiometer Model 501 from Solar Light
Co. (SL501) with similar spectral and cosine responses (Figs. 1 and 2) were used, g
one facing upwards and the other downwards at a height of 2 m. The SL501 spectral
20
response resembles the action spectrum for erythema, wavelengths in the UVB (280–
310 nm) being most weighted. For the albedo measurements, a fixed device for the
setting-up and support of the two sensors, including independent levelling possibilities
for the upward and downward SL501s, a blower to keep the sensors defrosted, and a one facing upwards and the other downwards at a height of 2 m. The SL501 spectral
20
response resembles the action spectrum for erythema, wavelengths in the UVB (280–
310 nm) being most weighted. For the albedo measurements, a fixed device for the
setting-up and support of the two sensors, including independent levelling possibilities
for the upward and downward SL501s, a blower to keep the sensors defrosted, and a
data logger system, was planned and constructed at FMI (Fig. 3). Data were logged
25
into the data base from the 25 Feb till 15 May 2007 at 1-min-intervals. This period data logger system, was planned and constructed at FMI (Fig. 3). Data were logged
25
into the data base from the 25 Feb till 15 May 2007 at 1-min-intervals. This period 4158 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
◭
◮
◭
◮
Back
Close
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion included various phases, including both the accumulation and melting of snow. The
albedo of snow (A) was calculated from the ratio of downwelling UV irradiance on to
upwelling irradiance (UVery ↑/UVery ↓) measured at 2π. included various phases, including both the accumulation and melting of snow. 2.1
UVB albedo measurements
15 The
albedo of snow (A) was calculated from the ratio of downwelling UV irradiance on to
upwelling irradiance (UVery ↑/UVery ↓) measured at 2π. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ECIE = U −Uoffset ∗C ∗fn(SZA, TO3) ∗ε(T ) ∗Coscor (1) where ECIE is the erythemal effective irradiance, U is the measured electrical signal
10
from the radiometer, Uoffset is the electrical offset for dark conditions, C is the calibra-
tion coefficient (a constant value determined for specific conditions like SZA=40◦and
O3=300 DU), fn is a function that can be expressed as a calibration matrix normalized
at, e.g., SZA=40◦and O3=300 DU, ε(T) is the temperature correction function, and
C
i th
i
ti
f
ti where ECIE is the erythemal effective irradiance, U is the measured electrical signal
10
from the radiometer, Uoffset is the electrical offset for dark conditions, C is the calibra-
tion coefficient (a constant value determined for specific conditions like SZA=40◦and
O3=300 DU), fn is a function that can be expressed as a calibration matrix normalized
at, e.g., SZA=40◦and O3=300 DU, ε(T) is the temperature correction function, and where ECIE is the erythemal effective irradiance, U is the measured electrical signal
10
from the radiometer, Uoffset is the electrical offset for dark conditions, C is the calibra-
tion coefficient (a constant value determined for specific conditions like SZA=40◦and
O3=300 DU), fn is a function that can be expressed as a calibration matrix normalized
at, e.g., SZA=40◦and O3=300 DU, ε(T) is the temperature correction function, and 3
Coscor is the cosine correction function. 15
Here, the calibration factors (C) of the sensors had been determined by the Finnish
Radiation and Nucleation Safety Authority (STUK), before the albedo measurements
(in 2005 and 2006), as an average for conditions with 38<SZA<60 degrees. The ratio
of the calibration coefficients of the sensors was then C1/C2=1.13. After the albedo measurements, the calibration was carried out again, giving C1/C2=1.19. The sensor
20
with the originally better response was installed to measure the upwelling reflected
radiation. Keeping in mind that i) the spectral responses of the sensors were measured to be
similar (Fig. 1), and ii) the differences in the cosine responses were relatively small similar (Fig. 1), and ii) the differences in the cosine responses were relatively small
(Fig. 2), and iii) we are only interested in the relative signals of these two sensors, the
25
calibration coefficients C1 and C2 might be sufficient for comparison of data represent-
ing a narrow SZA range, e.g., within 2–4 degrees. We also know that the upwelling
irradiance measured by the SL501 is not as much affected by the cosine error, due to (Fig. 2.3
Empirical calibration The aim of this work was to have an understanding of this valuable empirical data set
on albedo, measured under the hard conditions of Arctic snow, without introducing any
20
additional uncertainties or errors to the data due to imperfect correction procedures,
nor to let the uncertainties and errors in the original data to affect the final results. The aim of this work was to have an understanding of this valuable empirical data set
on albedo, measured under the hard conditions of Arctic snow, without introducing any
20
additional uncertainties or errors to the data due to imperfect correction procedures,
nor to let the uncertainties and errors in the original data to affect the final results. During the winter months, the sun does not rise at all at Sodankyl¨a. Even at the
beginning of the measurement period in February, the sun is still very low. On 15 During the winter months, the sun does not rise at all at Sodankyl¨a. Even at the
beginning of the measurement period in February, the sun is still very low. On 15
March the midday SZA falls less than 70.0 degrees for the first time (Table 1). With
25
an SZA larger than 70 degrees, the cosine error increases dramatically (Fig. 2), but During the winter months, the sun does not rise at all at Sodankyl¨a. Even at the
beginning of the measurement period in February, the sun is still very low. On 15 March the midday SZA falls less than 70.0 degrees for the first time (Table 1). With
25
an SZA larger than 70 degrees, the cosine error increases dramatically (Fig. 2), but March the midday SZA falls less than 70.0 degrees for the first time (Table 1). With
25
an SZA larger than 70 degrees, the cosine error increases dramatically (Fig. 2), but 4159 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
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Interactive Discussion as most of the irradiance is then diffuse (at 300 nm more than 90%, e.g. Madronich,
1993), this has only little impact on the measurement results. However, the amount of
radiation reaching the Earth is then minimal (UVI<1), increasing the uncertainties in
the measurements. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. The optimum calibration of the raw signal requires calibration matrix with SZA and
ozone (Webb et al., 2006): ECIE = U −Uoffset ∗C ∗fn(SZA, TO3) ∗ε(T ) ∗Coscor ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 g
p
y
SZA significantly decreases (SZA<55 degrees, UVI>3) as the length of the day grows. 5
To avoid misinterpretation of data, knowledge of the SZA is thus essential. SZA significantly decreases (SZA<55 degrees, UVI>3) as the length of the day grows. 5
To avoid misinterpretation of data, knowledge of the SZA is thus essential. The optimum calibration of the raw signal requires calibration matrix with SZA and
ozone (Webb et al., 2006): 2.3
Empirical calibration On the other hand, during the measurement period, the midday
SZA significantly decreases (SZA<55 degrees, UVI>3) as the length of the day grows. 5
To avoid misinterpretation of data knowledge of the SZA is thus essential as most of the irradiance is then diffuse (at 300 nm more than 90%, e.g. Madronich,
1993), this has only little impact on the measurement results. However, the amount of
radiation reaching the Earth is then minimal (UVI<1), increasing the uncertainties in
the measurements. On the other hand, during the measurement period, the midday UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. g
p
observatory. The sensors were again similarily calibrated on 2 May, and also on 11 May
10
after snow melt. 2) The data of the prior and subseqment calibrations as a function of
SZA were available. These data could be used to produce a simple SZA correction. 3)
It would be possible to use a radiative transfer model to calculate the calibration as in
Eq. (1). g
observatory. The sensors were again similarily calibrated on 2 May, and also on 11 May
10
after snow melt. 2) The data of the prior and subseqment calibrations as a function of
SZA were available. These data could be used to produce a simple SZA correction. 3)
It would be possible to use a radiative transfer model to calculate the calibration as in
Eq. (1). observatory. The sensors were again similarily calibrated on 2 May, and also on 11 May
10
after snow melt. 2) The data of the prior and subseqment calibrations as a function of
SZA were available. These data could be used to produce a simple SZA correction. 3)
It would be possible to use a radiative transfer model to calculate the calibration as in
Eq. (1). 10 Here, the empirical calibration approach was used. The aim was to produce empir-
15
ically calibrated data with error estimates for the prevailing SZAs, without introducing
any additional uncertainty or error in the data, due to a simplified SZA correction, as
will be discussed more detailed in Sect. 5. Here, the empirical calibration approach was used. The aim was to produce empir-
15
ically calibrated data with error estimates for the prevailing SZAs, without introducing
any additional uncertainty or error in the data, due to a simplified SZA correction, as
will be discussed more detailed in Sect. 5. The empirical calibration factors were determined independently using two different 15 The empirical calibration factors were determined independently using two different
SL501 sensors as references. First, the roof SL501 was used as a reference for both
20
of the two albedo measurement sensors. Then, one of the albedo sensors was used
as a reference for the other. In addition, empirical calibration procedures were carried
out after the snow melt (Table 2). SL501 sensors as references. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 However, due to the very low sun (SZA>60◦), the use of the laboratory calibration
5
as such was considered unsatisfactory. Several solutions existed: 1) New empirical
calibration coefficients (C1 and C2) for the prevailing SZA conditions were produced
on 27 March by turning both of the sensors upwards and calibrating them against each
other; both of them were also calibrated against an SL501 placed on the roof of the 5 ECIE = U −Uoffset ∗C ∗fn(SZA, TO3) ∗ε(T ) ∗Coscor 2), and iii) we are only interested in the relative signals of these two sensors, the
25
calibration coefficients C1 and C2 might be sufficient for comparison of data represent-
ing a narrow SZA range, e.g., within 2–4 degrees. We also know that the upwelling
irradiance measured by the SL501 is not as much affected by the cosine error, due to 4160 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
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Interactive Discussion the missing direct component. The albedo derived from the SL501 data may therefore
be an overestimation of the real albedo under a clear sky and high solar elevation an-
gles, and uncertainties and errors minimize with increasing diffuse radiation under full
cloudiness or lower sun. the missing direct component. The albedo derived from the SL501 data may therefore
be an overestimation of the real albedo under a clear sky and high solar elevation an-
gles, and uncertainties and errors minimize with increasing diffuse radiation under full
cloudiness or lower sun. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. p
y
We can minimize or eliminate the SZA dependency effect by i) picking the corre-
sponding SZA moments for each day, or ii) dividing albedo results into temporal sub-
groups based on SZA and snow conditions within which the daily variations are similar,
10
and using the same empirical correction coefficient within the shorter period. Both of
these approaches were used here, but the first was considered the better of the two,
and was used for the more detailed studies for calculation of the empirically calibrated
albedo Afor SZA 56–60 degrees: y
We can minimize or eliminate the SZA dependency effect by i) picking the corre-
sponding SZA moments for each day, or ii) dividing albedo results into temporal sub- sponding SZA moments for each day, or ii) dividing albedo results into temporal sub
groups based on SZA and snow conditions within which the daily variations are similar,
10
and using the same empirical correction coefficient within the shorter period. Both of
these approaches were used here, but the first was considered the better of the two,
and was used for the more detailed studies for calculation of the empirically calibrated
albedo Afor SZA 56–60 degrees: A =
C2UVery ↑
C1UVery ↓
(2)
15 A =
C2UVery ↑
C1UVery ↓
15 (2) where C1 and C2 are the empirically determined calibration factors for the SZA 56–
60 degrees, and UVery ↑and UVery ↓are the simultaneously measured upwelling and
downwelling erythemally weighted irradiances. where C1 and C2 are the empirically determined calibration factors for the SZA 56–
60 degrees, and UVery ↑and UVery ↓are the simultaneously measured upwelling and
downwelling erythemally weighted irradiances. The first occasion in 2007 on which a midday SZA<60 was achieved for a period of at
least one hour was on 10 April. Hence, a continuous temporal data set including data
20
measured with 56<SZA<60 degrees was obtained from 10 April until snow melting. These data were used as the core material for the current study. The other subgroups used here for temporal data series, were based on SZA and
snow, as follows: a) albedo during accumulation of snow in March and at the beginning
of April with midday SZA>60 degrees using the 22 March empirical coefficients; b)
25
albedo during the melting period from mid-April until snow melt and end of albedo
measurements on 9 May with midday SZA <60 degrees. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. First, the roof SL501 was used as a reference for both
20
of the two albedo measurement sensors. Then, one of the albedo sensors was used
as a reference for the other. In addition, empirical calibration procedures were carried
out after the snow melt (Table 2). The empirical calibration factors were calculated on the basis of the measure-
ments: C1=1.09, C2=0.71 for 22 March, and C1=1.29, C2=0.96 for both 2 May and
25
11 May. The ratio of the calibration factors C1/C2 in March was =1.54 for SZA 67–
69 degrees. The ratio of the coefficients was the same whether the independent roof
SL501 was used as a reference for both the sensors independently, or one of the two
albedo SL501 sensors was used as a reference for the other. In May, the ratio C1/C2 ments: C1=1.09, C2=0.71 for 22 March, and C1=1.29, C2=0.96 for both 2 May and
25
11 May. The ratio of the calibration factors C1/C2 in March was =1.54 for SZA 67–
69 degrees. The ratio of the coefficients was the same whether the independent roof
SL501 was used as a reference for both the sensors independently, or one of the two
albedo SL501 sensors was used as a reference for the other. In May, the ratio C1/C2 4161 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
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Interactive Discussion for both occasions, on 2 May (60 deg<SZA<56 deg) and 11 May was 1.34. It seems
that the ratio C1/C2 could possibly decline with the decline of SZA. The same fall in
the C1/C2 ratio was evident when studying the data of the solar measurements made
in 2007 by STUK for calibrating the same sensors (Fig. 4). It is possible, e.g., that the
spectral response of one or both of the sensors had changed since its determination,
as will be discussed more in Sect. 5. In any case, we can conclude that we have an
SZA dependent-uncertainty in the data. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 5 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. 2.4
Ancillary data At Sodankyl¨a, the state of the atmosphere at a height of 2 m is measured once a minute
by an automatic weather station (AWS). From these data, information on the beginning
of rain, snow depth and cloud cover, e.g., can be gained. Snow depth (hs) and grain size (D) were measured at Sodankyl¨a by one of the co-
10
authors (Anna Kontu) from November 2006 until 14 May 2007, covering the whole
albedo measurement period. The grain sizes of all the layers of snow were estimated
visually regularily, approx. twice a week, by taking samples of snow on a screen with a
1-mm grid (Fig. 5). The sampling site was not exactly the same as that of the albedo 10 g d (
g 5)
e sa
p
g s te
as
ot e act y t e sa
e as t at o t e a bedo
measurements, but at a distance of 300 m under conditions that can be assumed to be
15
similar. All other activities very close to the albedo measurement were forbidden; the
diffusers were, however, cleaned if needed with as little disturbance to the surroundings
as possible. measurements, but at a distance of 300 m under conditions that can be assumed to be
15
similar. All other activities very close to the albedo measurement were forbidden; the
diffusers were, however, cleaned if needed with as little disturbance to the surroundings
as possible. In 2007, the maximum snow depth at Sodankyl¨a was 68 cm, on 21 March (Fig. 6). ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 5 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. The difference caused by The other subgroups used here for temporal data series, were based on SZA and
snow, as follows: a) albedo during accumulation of snow in March and at the beginning ,
)
g
g
g
of April with midday SZA>60 degrees using the 22 March empirical coefficients; b)
25
albedo during the melting period from mid-April until snow melt and end of albedo
measurements on 9 May with midday SZA <60 degrees. The difference caused by of April with midday SZA>60 degrees using the 22 March empirical coefficients; b)
25
albedo during the melting period from mid-April until snow melt and end of albedo
measurements on 9 May with midday SZA <60 degrees. The difference caused by 4162 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
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Interactive Discussion these subgroup calibration differences was also estimated by combining the data sets
produced with different calibration coefficients. This comparison reveals the error which
had been in the data, if there had been one empirical calibration only, under too large
SZA. These data were not used more in-depth studies but rather to understand the
long-term variation of the albedo. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. p
g
y
p
g
Between 1 March–15 May, the measured minimum temperature of the ground at
06:00 UTC rose above 0◦C on only six days. Otherwise the temperature remained
below zero. From this it follows that, apart from these few cases, the snow surface was
always frozen in the evening, night and early morning hours, lacking solar warming. Between 1 March–15 May, the measured minimum temperature of the ground at
06:00 UTC rose above 0◦C on only six days. Otherwise the temperature remained
below zero. From this it follows that, apart from these few cases, the snow surface was
always frozen in the evening, night and early morning hours, lacking solar warming. On the other hand, the “springthaw” was not enough to start the snow melt alone, thus
10
indicating the importance of radiation as the starting force for the snow melt. On the other hand, the “springthaw” was not enough to start the snow melt alone, thus
10
indicating the importance of radiation as the starting force for the snow melt. On the other hand, the “springthaw” was not enough to start the snow melt alone, thus
10
indicating the importance of radiation as the starting force for the snow melt. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 On 25 February (julian day 56), the daily maximum air temperatures (Fig. 7) indicated
a rapid jump, referred here as “a springthaw”, from values below zero degrees Cel-
sius to values above zero. Neither the daily minimum temperatures nor the minimum
temperature of the ground showed any similar rapid change. 5 8, 4155–4198, 2008 3.1
Snow depth
20 In 2007, the maximum snow depth at Sodankyl¨a was 68 cm, on 21 March (Fig. 6). The second highest value of 67 cm occurred on the day before and the day after, but
also on 12 April. After 12 April (julian day 102), the snow depth decreased monotoni-
cally until totally melted. 4163 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
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Interactive Discussion 3.2 Temperature ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. s
Even before the “springthaw” date, there were occasionally days with maximum air
temperatures Tmax>0 degrees. On such days, e.g. on 26 and 29 March, the snow grain
size was measured to be 2 mm. 5 4
UV albedo of snow In addition to SZA information, the results were grouped according to cloudiness, as In addition to SZA information, the results were grouped acc In addition to SZA information, the results were grouped according to cloudiness, as
well as accumulation and melting of snow. We studied first the almost clear sky cases
10
for SZA<60 degrees, followed by cases of variable cloudiness, thereafter cases prior
and after melt period, as well as averaged daily albedo during melting. Finally, long
term variation in albedo was studied. The most important results were findings of an
unexpected diurnal change in albedo during melting. well as accumulation and melting of snow. We studied first the almost clear sky cases
10
for SZA<60 degrees, followed by cases of variable cloudiness, thereafter cases prior
and after melt period, as well as averaged daily albedo during melting. Finally, long
term variation in albedo was studied. The most important results were findings of an
unexpected diurnal change in albedo during melting. An overview of the albedo results for SZA<60 degrees conditions in April is shown in
15
Table 4. These results represent all cases of cloudiness. The minimum and maximum
of the daily SL501 mean albedo, for SZA 56–60 degrees, are included, indicating the
diurnal changes. In some cases the results also suggested an asymmetric albedo,
i.e. albedo decreasing from morning to afternoon. The results of the NILU-UV albedo
are not included in Table 4, due to their use as complementary data for the current
20
t d An overview of the albedo results for SZA<60 degrees conditions in April is shown in
15
Table 4. These results represent all cases of cloudiness. The minimum and maximum
of the daily SL501 mean albedo, for SZA 56–60 degrees, are included, indicating the
diurnal changes. In some cases the results also suggested an asymmetric albedo,
i.e. albedo decreasing from morning to afternoon. The results of the NILU-UV albedo g
g
are not included in Table 4, due to their use as complementary data for the current
20
study. are not included in Table 4, due to their use as complementary data for the current
20
study. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 D = −0.04t + 0.19Tmax −0.03hs + 4.98 (3) 8, 4155–4198, 2008 where D is grain diameter, t is time (in julian days) and Tmax is the daily maximum air
temperature at a height of 2 m (in Celsius) and hs is the height of the snowpack. where D is grain diameter, t is time (in julian days) and Tmax is the daily maximum air
temperature at a height of 2 m (in Celsius) and hs is the height of the snowpack. 3.3
Snow grain size In the UV range of wavelengths, the reflected signal comes from the very surface, and
only the surface layer grain size data were used here. In the UV range of wavelengths, the reflected signal comes from the very surface, and
only the surface layer grain size data were used here. y
y
g
In 2007, the measured thickness of the surface layer varied from 0.5 to 35 cm. The
15
surface layer snow grain size results can be divided into two groups: before and after
16 April (Fig. 8). Before this date, the snow grain sizes were most often <0.5 mm. Thereafter, the grain size was most often 1.0–2.5 mm, indicating the beginning of the
actual snow melt period. However, there are no grain size results available between 15 p
,
g
10–16 April, and so the snow metamorphosis, with increasing grain size, began some-
20
time within that period. Grain size data was then studied to determine whether grain size had a relationship
to temperature, snow depth and time. Such a relationship would mean that an albedo
model could possibly predict Arctic snow UV albedo as a function of time and temper- p
g
10–16 April, and so the snow metamorphosis, with increasing grain size, began some-
20
time within that period. Grain size data was then studied to determine whether grain size had a relationship
to temperature snow depth and time Such a relationship would mean that an albedo Grain size data was then studied to determine whether grain size had a relationship
to temperature, snow depth and time. Such a relationship would mean that an albedo
model could possibly predict Arctic snow UV albedo as a function of time and temper-
ature, rather than of grain diameter. Using the three variables with the highest linear
25
correlations (Table 3), the empirical relationship, giving an 82% explanation (r2=0.82) ode cou d poss b y p ed ct
ct c s o
U
a bedo as a u ct o
o t
e a d te
pe
ature, rather than of grain diameter. Using the three variables with the highest linear
25
correlations (Table 3), the empirical relationship, giving an 82% explanation (r2=0.82) ature, rather than of grain diameter. 3.3
Snow grain size Using the three variables with the highest linear
25
correlations (Table 3), the empirical relationship, giving an 82% explanation (r2=0.82) 4164 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
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Interactive Discussion for the Arctic snow grain size during the melting period was: for the Arctic snow grain size during the melting period was: ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 4.1.1
Stable albedo during accumulation period
5
The first case, on 10 April (julian day 100), was an almost clear day during the snow
accumulation period. The snow UVB albedo at midday was 0.64–0.66 (Fig. 9), slightly
increasing as the sun reached its highest elevation. The slight variation in the incoming
irradiance had no effect on the albedo. Similarily, the NILU-UV albedo showed stable UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. The first case, on 10 April (julian day 100), was an almost clear day during the snow
accumulation period. The snow UVB albedo at midday was 0.64–0.66 (Fig. 9), slightly
increasing as the sun reached its highest elevation. The slight variation in the incoming
irradiance had no effect on the albedo. Similarily, the NILU-UV albedo showed stable The first case, on 10 April (julian day 100), was an almost clear day during the snow
accumulation period. The snow UVB albedo at midday was 0.64–0.66 (Fig. 9), slightly
increasing as the sun reached its highest elevation. The slight variation in the incoming
irradiance had no effect on the albedo. Similarily, the NILU-UV albedo showed stable
UVA
d UVB
fl
t
Th
f
l
i
i
ll 0 3
Th The first case, on 10 April (julian day 100), was an almost clear day during the snow
accumulation period. The snow UVB albedo at midday was 0.64–0.66 (Fig. 9), slightly
increasing as the sun reached its highest elevation. The slight variation in the incoming
irradiance had no effect on the albedo. Similarily, the NILU-UV albedo showed stable UVA and UVB reflectance. The surface layer snow grain size was small, 0.3 mm. The
10
air temperature varied between −19.8–2.3◦C. At 06:00 UTC the temperature on the
surface of the snowpack was −22.9◦C. Next, the clear sky cases of melt season were
studied. UVA and UVB reflectance. The surface layer snow grain size was small, 0.3 mm. The
10
air temperature varied between −19.8–2.3◦C. At 06:00 UTC the temperature on the
surface of the snowpack was −22.9◦C. Next, the clear sky cases of melt season were
studied. 4.1
UV albedo under almost cloudless sky The signal of the upward sensor was used to study the cloudiness of the sky at exactly
the same location and moment at which the albedo measurements were performed. 4165 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
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Interactive Discussion For 56<SZA<60, i.e., from 10 April onward, the almost-clear or clear-sky cases in April
were: the 10, 15, 18, and 22 of the month (Table 4). Of these four cases, the first
one occurred at the end of the snow accumulation period, and the last three during the
melting season. For 56<SZA<60, i.e., from 10 April onward, the almost-clear or clear-sky cases in April
were: the 10, 15, 18, and 22 of the month (Table 4). Of these four cases, the first
one occurred at the end of the snow accumulation period, and the last three during the
melting season. For 56<SZA<60, i.e., from 10 April onward, the almost-clear or clear-sky cases in April
were: the 10, 15, 18, and 22 of the month (Table 4). Of these four cases, the first
one occurred at the end of the snow accumulation period, and the last three during the
melting season. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 – 15 April (julian day 105): the snow depth was 58 cm, and the measured air tem-
peratures were between 2.2–12.2◦C. At 06:00 UTC Tmin on the ground was close
to zero (0.5◦C), and in the next morning it was below the zero (−4.1◦C ); during
that next day the snow depth decreased by 3 cm, with a very thick surface layer
(35 cm) and large snow grain size (2.5 mm), indicating a major snow metamor-
phosism. In the NILU-UV data, both the UVA and UVB decreased, similarily to
SL501 (Table 5). 4.1.2
Diurnal change in albedo during melting The second, almost clear sky case of 15th April occurred at the very beginning of the
15
snow melt period. During the measurements from 09:00–12:00 UTC with SZA 56–
60◦, the albedo of the snow unexpectedly decreased by 0.05 from 0.6 to 0.55, and then
recovered (Fig. 10). The drop in albedo happened soon after solar midday. The next two almost clear sky cases came in the middle of the melting season when The second, almost clear sky case of 15th April occurred at the very beginning of the
15
snow melt period. During the measurements from 09:00–12:00 UTC with SZA 56–
60◦, the albedo of the snow unexpectedly decreased by 0.05 from 0.6 to 0.55, and then
recovered (Fig. 10). The drop in albedo happened soon after solar midday. The next two almost clear sky cases came in the middle of the melting season, when almost 1/3 of the accumulated snow had melted. On 18 April, a similar behaviour in
20
snow albedo occurred: a clear change from 0.6 to 0.55 and a recovery back to 0.6. On
22 April, the same occurred again, but this time the albedo varied at a slightly lower
level, changing from 0.58 to 0.53. Hence, in all three cases at the snow melt period a slight drop in the general albedo Hence, in all three cases at the snow melt period a slight drop in the general albedo
level (Fig. 10), asymmetrical to the solar zenith angle, was observed to be superim-
25
posed on the general albedo level. Hence, in all three cases at the snow melt period a slight drop in the general albedo
level (Fig. 10), asymmetrical to the solar zenith angle, was observed to be superim-
25
posed on the general albedo level. level (Fig. 10), asymmetrical to the solar zenith angle, was observed to be superim-
25
posed on the general albedo level. 4166 For a more detailed study, data on temperature, incoming irradiance, and multichan-
nel NILU-UV albedo in the UVA and UVB channels were available: ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. 4.2.2
Diurnal albedo of melting snow under variable cloudiness 4.2.1
Stable albedo during accumulating snow 8, 4155–4198, 2008 The smallest grain sizes of 0.2–0.3 mm, indicating new snow or snow below-zero con-
ditions during the period of accumulating snow, were observed on four days. Those
days were: 20 March, 3, 5, and 10 April (julian days of 79, 93, 95, and 100). The most
5 The smallest grain sizes of 0.2–0.3 mm, indicating new snow or snow below-zero con-
ditions during the period of accumulating snow, were observed on four days. Those ditions during the period of accumulating snow, were observed on four days. Those
days were: 20 March, 3, 5, and 10 April (julian days of 79, 93, 95, and 100). The most
5
reliable calibration is for 10th April, which was presented with the clear sky results. The
next most reliable cases were on the 3 April: a midday, and stable, albedo of 0.68. On the 5 April the albedo was 0.72 and stable. These cases thus confirm the clear
sky case: during the snow accumulation period, the albedo remains stable, increasing
slightly, if at all, increasing in the midday period. 10 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. – 18 April (julian day 108): air temperature was between −7.8–4.2◦C, and the snow
10
depth was 45 cm. The next morning, Tmin on of the ground was −4.9◦C. In the
NILU-UV data, both the UVA and UVB decreased, too. Two days later, a snow
grain size of 2.0 mm was measured, while the surface layer depth was 17 cm, both
indicating snow metamorphose and melting continuing intensively. – 22 April (julian day 112): air temperatures ranged from −9.9 to 7.9◦C, and snow
15
depth was 42 cm. In the NILU-UV data, both UVA and UVB decreased again
(Fig. 11). Therefore, we know that the temperature on the snow surface was below zero in the
next morning at 06:00 UTC in two cases, but in the first case did temperature remain g
p
slightly above zero (0.5◦C). The largest grain size of 2.5 mm was measured in this case,
20
too. In all cases, the NILU-UV data confirmed the unexpected discovery using SL501
data: a diurnal change of UV albedo asymmetrically to solar midday was detected
using two independent measurement devices. 4167 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
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Interactive Discussion UV albedo under variable cloudiness 4.2 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. – 19 April: the results showed a similar diurnal decrease, too. – 20 April: the cloudiness was highly variable, but the SL501 albedo decreased from
approx. 0.6 to 0.55, as had been found in the clear sky cases earlier presented. – 20 April: the cloudiness was highly variable, but the SL501 albedo decreased from
approx. 0.6 to 0.55, as had been found in the clear sky cases earlier presented. Hence, these cases with variable cloudiness confirm the clear sky SL501 cases during Hence, these cases with variable cloudiness confirm the clear sky SL501 cases during
the melting season: an albedo slightly decreasing by 0.05 soon after midday, and then Hence, these cases with variable cloudiness confirm the clear sky SL501 cases during
the melting season: an albedo slightly decreasing by 0.05 soon after midday, and then
recovering after that. the melting season: an albedo slightly decreasing by 0.05 soon after midday, and then
10
recovering after that. 4.3
Albedo before and after the period of diurnal change The period of variable albedo began on the 15 and ended on 25 April. The cases before
and after these dates show a flat albedo signal (Table 4). Prior to the diurnal albedo The period of variable albedo began on the 15 and ended on 25 April. The cases before
and after these dates show a flat albedo signal (Table 4). Prior to the diurnal albedo and after these dates show a flat albedo signal (Table 4). Prior to the diurnal albedo
change, a flat signal of A>0.6 was detected. On the basis of the snow depth data, this
15
was the period before the snow melt. Following the variable diurnal albedo, there was
a diurnally-stable midday albedo, of A<0.5. These results would suggest that, after
a drop in the albedo to a level of 0.5, the diurnal change in the albedo disappears,
possibly signaling the end of some stage in the melting process. change, a flat signal of A>0.6 was detected. On the basis of the snow depth data, this
15
was the period before the snow melt. Following the variable diurnal albedo, there was
a diurnally-stable midday albedo, of A<0.5. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 4.2.2
Diurnal albedo of melting snow under variable cloudiness There were two days on which were measured the maximum snow grain size of 2.5 mm
in the surface layer, i.e., 16 April and 8 May (julian days 106 and 128). On 17 April the
grain size was measured to be 2 mm, with a 17 cm top layer. On the basis of the AWS snow depth measurement, the snow pack decreased mono-
15
tonically since 12 April (day 102). We therefore assume the period of rapid melting, with
the largest grain sizes, to have taken place during, at least, the days of 16–20 April (ju-
lian days 106–110). 8 May, day 128, is at the end of the measurement period with
the snow partly melted, revealing the ground, too. For this reason these data were not
included cases presented here:
20 – 16 April: the thickness of the surface layer was 35 cm, whereas during the three
earlier measurements, during the whole accumulation period, it had varied be-
tween 1–6 cm. Hence, a major change in the snow, with a deep metamorpho-
sized and homogenized surface layer, took place on 16 April. The cloudiness was
highly variable, yet a drop in the SL501 albedo after midday from 0.6 to 0.55 took
place. – 16 April: the thickness of the surface layer was 35 cm, whereas during the three
earlier measurements, during the whole accumulation period, it had varied be-
tween 1–6 cm. Hence, a major change in the snow, with a deep metamorpho-
sized and homogenized surface layer, took place on 16 April. The cloudiness was highly variable, yet a drop in the SL501 albedo after midday from 0.6 to 0.55 took
25
place. 25 4168 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
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Interactive Discussion – 17 April: the snow depth was 50 cm at 06:00 UTC and 46 cm at 18:00 UTC, and
the next day it was 45 cm. From this we can conclude that conditions similar to
those on the clear sky day of 15 April, continued on days 106 and 107, despite
the variable cloudiness. The SL501 albedo dropped from 0.6 to 0.55 after midday,
and then recovered. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Studying the time series of the continuous 1-minute albedo data, the SZA-dependency
(U-dependency) of the differences between the responses of the sensors is evident
5
(Fig. 13), as well as the occurrence of evening and night-time with no incoming irradi-
ance. On closer inspection, when the midday data with SZA 56–60 degrees are used,
the albedo signal is quite flat (e.g., Fig. 9). (U-dependency) of the differences between the responses of the sensors is evident
5
(Fig. 13), as well as the occurrence of evening and night-time with no incoming irradi-
ance. On closer inspection, when the midday data with SZA 56–60 degrees are used,
the albedo signal is quite flat (e.g., Fig. 9). 5 An increase in albedo from 0.72 to 0.81 was detected on 11 April, possibly due to An increase in albedo from 0.72 to 0.81 was detected on 11 April, possibly due to
new snow (as evidenced from the AWS data for the same time), but further study is
10
beyond the scope of the present work. More detailed study would require a detailed
analysis focusing on the AWS rain data. new snow (as evidenced from the AWS data for the same time), but further study is
10
beyond the scope of the present work. More detailed study would require a detailed
analysis focusing on the AWS rain data. The SL501 midday albedo results for Arctic snow, can be divided into two groups: new snow (as evidenced from the AWS data for the same time), but further study is
10
beyond the scope of the present work. More detailed study would require a detailed
analysis focusing on the AWS rain data. The SL501 midday albedo results for Arctic snow, can be divided into two groups:
an albedo of 0.6–0.8 between 22 March–14 April (the accumulation period), and an The SL501 midday albedo results for Arctic snow, can be divided into two groups:
an albedo of 0.6–0.8 between 22 March–14 April (the accumulation period), and an The SL501 midday albedo results for Arctic snow, can be divided into two groups:
an albedo of 0.6–0.8 between 22 March–14 April (the accumulation period), and an
albedo of 0.4–0.6 between 15 April–3 May (snow melt). These data were calibrated by
15
using different empirical calibration factors for cases ZSA<60 degrees and for SZA>60. 4.5
Long term variation in SL501 UV albedo 4.5
Long term variation in SL501 UV albedo Studying the time series of the continuous 1-minute albedo data, the SZA-dependency Studying the time series of the continuous 1-minute albedo data, the SZA-dependency
(U-dependency) of the differences between the responses of the sensors is evident
5
(Fig. 13), as well as the occurrence of evening and night-time with no incoming irradi-
O
l
i
ti
h
th
idd
d t
ith SZA 56 60 d
d Studying the time series of the continuous 1-minute albedo da ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 4.5
Long term variation in SL501 UV albedo UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. These results would suggest that, after
a drop in the albedo to a level of 0.5, the diurnal change in the albedo disappears,
possibly signaling the end of some stage in the melting process. 4.4
Average daily UV albedo of melting snow
20
The midday erythemally weighted UV albedo ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 in the accumu-
lation period and 0.5–0.7 during melting. The averaged daily UV albedo of snow for
56<SZA<60 degrees during the melt was a second-order polynomial as a function of
snow height: 4.4
Average daily UV albedo of melting snow
20
The midday erythemally weighted UV albedo ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 in the accumu-
lation period and 0.5–0.7 during melting. The averaged daily UV albedo of snow for
56<SZA<60 degrees during the melt was a second-order polynomial as a function of
snow height: A = −6E −05h2
s + 0.0114hs + 0.1809
25 (4) 4169 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
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Interactive Discussion where hs is the snow height [cm]. This formulation, with r2=0.86, is adjusted for the
melt period only (data of julian days 100–120, Fig. 12). where hs is the snow height [cm]. This formulation, with r2=0.86, is adjusted for the
melt period only (data of julian days 100–120, Fig. 12). ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. For a biological object, the UVB (erythemal) albedo is more important than information
about the non-weighted UV albedo. Snow cover can increase erythemal irradiance by
5
up to 60% compared to a snow-free case (e.g. Weatherhead et al., 2005). Here, use
was made of erythemal UV albedo measurements by broadband SL501 radiometers
with similar spectral responses, thus resulting in errors of less than 1% due to differ-
ences in the sensors (WMO, 1996). The calibration of the sensors was made before (
,
)
(in 2005 and 2006) and after (2007) the albedo measurements. Yet, in post-calibration
10
measurements, it was observed that the responses had changed since the last spec-
tral response measurements (2001 and 2004), which resulted in a U-dependency as a
function of SZA in the albedo results. Basically, a drift in a sensor response might be
nonlinear, either momentary or lasting, or even occasionally due to environmental con- (in 2005 and 2006) and after (2007) the albedo measurements. Yet, in post-calibration
10
measurements, it was observed that the responses had changed since the last spec-
tral response measurements (2001 and 2004), which resulted in a U-dependency as a
function of SZA in the albedo results. Basically, a drift in a sensor response might be
nonlinear, either momentary or lasting, or even occasionally due to environmental con- y
g
y
ditions, such as the internal humidity of the sensor, temperature, total ozone, etc. Here,
15
the problem was solved by empirical calibrations, as described, and by using only the
data within a SZA-range of 56–60 degrees for the analysis. Thereafter, the error in the
data due to the sensors can be determined on the basis of the post-calibration mea-
surements (Fig. 4): within an SZA of 56–60 degrees, the SZA dependency, i.e., the U-shape due to difference in the spectral responses of the sensors, caused an error of
20
less than 3%. Hence, on the basis of our experience, the spectral responses of SL501
sensors may change in time, and therefore the responses should be determined on a
regular basis, preferably every year or every second year. With these data any possible dependency of albedo on solar zenith angle could With these data, any possible dependency of albedo on solar zenith angle could
only be compared for similar conditions of cloudiness and solar zenith angles. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. In studying the hypothetical effect of using the March coefficients (midday SZA>60) for
May data, an error <6% was caluculated for 09:00–12:00 UTC. The use of different
coefficients for the prevailing SZA conditions, as presented earlier, reduced this error
in the long term data
20 albedo of 0.4–0.6 between 15 April–3 May (snow melt). These data were calibrated by
15
using different empirical calibration factors for cases ZSA<60 degrees and for SZA>60. In studying the hypothetical effect of using the March coefficients (midday SZA>60) for
May data, an error <6% was caluculated for 09:00–12:00 UTC. The use of different
coefficients for the prevailing SZA conditions, as presented earlier, reduced this error
i
th
l
t
d t in the long term data. 20
The albedo of snow was recorded to lower little by little as the snow melted (Fig. 13). The results would also suggest a possible SZA asymmetry in snow albedo (Table 4). The calibration procedures presented in this study have no effect on this finding, as
it is a question of asymmetry according to noon: a SZA correction would produce g
The albedo of snow was recorded to lower little by little as the snow melted (Fig. 13). The results would also suggest a possible SZA asymmetry in snow albedo (Table 4). The calibration procedures presented in this study have no effect on this finding, as
it is a question of asymmetry according to noon: a SZA correction would produce y
y
g
SZA symmetric data if the prevailing conditions had not changed between noon and
25
afternoon. Yet, to study this SZA asymmetry further would require knowledge on the
factors affecting the SZA correction in the data (such as the ratio of direct-to-diffuse SZA symmetric data if the prevailing conditions had not changed between noon and
25
afternoon. Yet, to study this SZA asymmetry further would require knowledge on the
factors affecting the SZA correction in the data (such as the ratio of direct-to-diffuse 4170 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
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Interactive Discussion irradiance). After the beginning of May, the albedo results were characterized more by
the amount of ground visible, than by the actual albedo properties of the snow. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. An unexpected diurnal change in UV albedo, measured by the SL501 sensors, was
10
detected during the melt period at SZA. The albedo decreased by approx. 0.05 soon
after midday and then recovered to the same, or almost the same, level. If this diurnal
change in albedo were to be due to any shadowing effects, rather than the properties
of snow, the shadowing would be best seen under clear sky conditions, and not in 10 of snow, the shadowing would be best seen under clear sky conditions, and not in
cloudy situations. Here the diurnal change was evident for all states of sky. Further-
15
more, as the sensor facing upward was at the same height as the sensor measuring
reflected radiation, any shadowing would necessarily be evident in the signal of the in-
coming irradiance at some time during the day (although not necessarily at the exactly
same time as the downward sensor recorded the reflected radiation from the shad-
d
f
) Th
i
i
i
di
did
i di
h h d
i
(Fi
10) cloudy situations. Here the diurnal change was evident for all states of sky. Further-
15
more, as the sensor facing upward was at the same height as the sensor measuring
reflected radiation, any shadowing would necessarily be evident in the signal of the in-
coming irradiance at some time during the day (although not necessarily at the exactly
same time as the downward sensor recorded the reflected radiation from the shad- owed surface). The incoming irradiance did not indicate any such shadowing (Fig. 10). 20
Also, when the site for the albedo measurements was chosen, the horizon towards the
South was selected to be without shadowing. The frame supporting the sensors was
also placed to the North to avoid shadows. Finally, the same diurnal decrease was
evident in the data of the NILU-UV radiometer measuring the upwelling radiation close
t
th
SL501 to the SL501. 25
Our findings on UV albedo of natural melting snow are in accordance with the spec-
ulations presented by Wiscombe and Warren (1980). They explain that snow albedo
decrease due to liquid water content increase follows from the fact that liquid water
replaces air between ice grains. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 our experienc, an optimal 1-min SZA correction, for both the upward and downward
5
broadband sensor independently, would require knowledge on the spectral and cosine
response functions, temperature correction functions, and 1-min data on the radiation
distribution, and the ratio of the diffuse-to-direct irradiance affected by clouds, ozone,
aerosols, albedo and SZA. our experienc, an optimal 1-min SZA correction, for both the upward and downward
5
broadband sensor independently, would require knowledge on the spectral and cosine
response functions, temperature correction functions, and 1-min data on the radiation
distribution, and the ratio of the diffuse-to-direct irradiance affected by clouds, ozone,
aerosols, albedo and SZA. 5 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. On the
25
other hand, any albedo asymmetry close to midday could be reliably studied for SZA
56–60 degrees without introducing any additional uncertainty or error in the data due y p
p
y
g
only be compared for similar conditions of cloudiness and solar zenith angles. On the
25
other hand, any albedo asymmetry close to midday could be reliably studied for SZA
56–60 degrees without introducing any additional uncertainty or error in the data due 4171 to a simplified SZA correction. For example, a SZA and ozone dependent calibration
factor can not correct the data unless a proper spectral reponse funtion of the sensor
is used. An example of such an error (an outlier) possibly introduced by a simple SZA
correction in the albedo data is presented in Wuttke et al. (2006). On the basis of
our experienc, an optimal 1-min SZA correction, for both the upward and downward
5
broadband sensor independently, would require knowledge on the spectral and cosine
response functions, temperature correction functions, and 1-min data on the radiation
distribution, and the ratio of the diffuse-to-direct irradiance affected by clouds, ozone,
aerosols, albedo and SZA. to a simplified SZA correction. For example, a SZA and ozone dependent calibration
factor can not correct the data unless a proper spectral reponse funtion of the sensor
is used. An example of such an error (an outlier) possibly introduced by a simple SZA
correction in the albedo data is presented in Wuttke et al. (2006). On the basis of to a simplified SZA correction. For example, a SZA and ozone dependent calibration
factor can not correct the data unless a proper spectral reponse funtion of the sensor
is used. An example of such an error (an outlier) possibly introduced by a simple SZA
correction in the albedo data is presented in Wuttke et al. (2006). On the basis of ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. q
g
y
y
diurnal results of the liquid water in snow unticorrelate with the diurnal albedo results,
10
offering empirical explanation to our albedo observations. Earlier, Kuusisto (1984) has
also stated that the thick snow cover in northern Finland starts to release water from
surface layers through percolation channels, while the deeper layers of the cover are
still relatively unmetamorphosized. Opposite to this, in southern Finland, the thin snow diurnal results of the liquid water in snow unticorrelate with the diurnal albedo results,
10
offering empirical explanation to our albedo observations. Earlier, Kuusisto (1984) has
also stated that the thick snow cover in northern Finland starts to release water from
surface layers through percolation channels, while the deeper layers of the cover are
still relatively unmetamorphosized. Opposite to this, in southern Finland, the thin snow cover is quickly metamorphosized all the way to the ground surface. 15
Similar results on diurnal decline of albedo were observed by Pirazzini in the Antarc-
tica (personal communication, 2007), although not reported in the article by Pirazzini
(2004). The same diurnal decline was observed by them in Arctic conditions, too (Pi-
razzini et al., 2006). In the Antarctic conditions, their observation for the diurnal decline cover is quickly metamorphosized all the way to the ground surface. 15
Similar results on diurnal decline of albedo were observed by Pirazzini in the Antarc-
tica (personal communication, 2007), although not reported in the article by Pirazzini
(2004). The same diurnal decline was observed by them in Arctic conditions, too (Pi-
razzini et al., 2006). In the Antarctic conditions, their observation for the diurnal decline was later in the afternoon. That can possibly be explained by the environmental condi-
20
tions: in the Arctic the air temperature and the amount irradiance may be bigger than in
the conditions of their study, thus the diurnal decrease in albedo due to liquid water on
the surface of the snow would occur later afternoon in their study. Earlier, a minimum
albedo has been detected by McGuffie and Henderson-Sellers (1985) in Canada, too. y
(
)
They suggested the albedo decrease to be due to snow grain metamorphism caused
25
by heating of the surface. According to Grenfell et al. (1994) the albedo of snow depends on its physical prop-
erties, and varies according to wavelength. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 Furthermore, the results of diurnal variation of liquid water content at various snow
layers (Fig. 14) by one of the authors (Martti Toikka) suggest that the temperature rise
increases the liquid water content first on the surface layer of the snowpack. Then,
5
as the temperature drops toward evening and night, the liquid water falls into deeper
layers. Thus, liquid water on the snow surface, as well as the effective grain size due
to liquid water, would increase only temporarily. When the temperatures drop, most of
the liquid water is no longer in the surface layer, but in the layers below. Thus, these 8, 4155–4198, 2008 5 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. As the refractive index of liquid water is close to ice Our findings on UV albedo of natural melting snow are in accordance with the spec-
ulations presented by Wiscombe and Warren (1980). They explain that snow albedo
decrease due to liquid water content increase follows from the fact that liquid water
replaces air between ice grains. As the refractive index of liquid water is close to ice 4172 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
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Interactive Discussion for wl<5000 nm, the replacement of of air by liquid water between ice grains could
increase the effective grain size. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 In the current study some indication on the asymmetric UV albedo was observed,
too (Table 4). Also, McGuffie and Henderson-Sellers (1985) have reported of diurnal
hysteresis of snow albedo, i.e. that the albedo is different for the same solar elevation
5
angle at different times of day. They suggest the variation should be attributed to the
diurnal deposition and evaporation of a hoar-frost coating on the snow surface. Pirazz-
ini (2004) and Wuttke et al. (2006) have recorded more recently albedo results in the
Antarctic sites with several instruments, which are opposite to the ones predeicted by 8, 4155–4198, 2008 5 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Here, the spectral distribution of the snow
albedo between UVA and UVB could be studied on the basis of a multiband filterra- y
(
)
They suggested the albedo decrease to be due to snow grain metamorphism caused
25
by heating of the surface. According to Grenfell et al. (1994) the albedo of snow depends on its physical prop-
erties, and varies according to wavelength. Here, the spectral distribution of the snow
albedo between UVA and UVB could be studied on the basis of a multiband filterra- 4173 diometer facing downwards, and another upward MBFR radiometer nearby. These
complementary results confirmed the findings of diurnal variability in the UVB albedo. diometer facing downwards, and another upward MBFR radiometer nearby. These
complementary results confirmed the findings of diurnal variability in the UVB albedo. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. pp
p
y
theory. They both found a decline of albedo for increasing SZA. A possible levelling
10
error was not consired the source for this observed diurnal cycle. Wuttke et al. (2006)
speculate the reason for this opposite dependence of albedo on SZA to be rather due
to changing snow conditions due to the steady solar insolation. Pirazzini et al. (2006)
found similar results in Arctic conditions, too. Earlier, McKenzie et al. (1996) spec- theory. They both found a decline of albedo for increasing SZA. A possible levelling
10
error was not consired the source for this observed diurnal cycle. Wuttke et al. (2006)
speculate the reason for this opposite dependence of albedo on SZA to be rather due
to changing snow conditions due to the steady solar insolation. Pirazzini et al. (2006)
found similar results in Arctic conditions, too. Earlier, McKenzie et al. (1996) spec- (
)
p
ulated that their UV albedo measurements of long grass (no snow) showing slightly
15
higher albedos in the afternoon than in the morning might be due to either various
error sources (e.g., leveling, angledependent reflections) or real changes in the sur-
face, (e.g., morning dew evaporating or light dependent plant physiology). Hence, it is
essential to understand and separate all the factors affecting the albedo results. ulated that their UV albedo measurements of long grass (no snow) showing slightly
15
higher albedos in the afternoon than in the morning might be due to either various
error sources (e.g., leveling, angledependent reflections) or real changes in the sur-
face, (e.g., morning dew evaporating or light dependent plant physiology). Hence, it is
essential to understand and separate all the factors affecting the albedo results. p
g
During the winter of 2006/2007, permanent snow fell in Sodankyl¨a in the middle of
20
October, but almost all the snow melted at the end of November (Kontu et al., 2007). Snow density during the winter months was determined to be between 0.18–0.21 g/cm3
(Kontu et al., 2007). In addition to the temperature, other environmental factors, like
rainfall, wind, humidity, cloudiness, as well as the properties of the snow and the ground During the winter of 2006/2007, permanent snow fell in Sodankyl¨a in the middle of
20
October, but almost all the snow melted at the end of November (Kontu et al., 2007). UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Snow density during the winter months was determined to be between 0.18–0.21 g/cm3
(Kontu et al., 2007). In addition to the temperature, other environmental factors, like
rainfall, wind, humidity, cloudiness, as well as the properties of the snow and the ground
under the snow, affect the process of snow melt. On the basis of AWS data on snow
25
depth, 12 April was the date after which the snow amount only decreased from one
day to the next. Hence, these data are in accordance with the start of diurnal albedo
change detected from 15 April until 25 April. The prior and subsequent albedo was During the winter of 2006/2007, permanent snow fell in Sodankyl¨a in the middle of
20
October, but almost all the snow melted at the end of November (Kontu et al., 2007). Snow density during the winter months was determined to be between 0.18–0.21 g/cm3
(Kontu et al., 2007). In addition to the temperature, other environmental factors, like
rainfall, wind, humidity, cloudiness, as well as the properties of the snow and the ground y
p
p
g
under the snow, affect the process of snow melt. On the basis of AWS data on snow
25
depth, 12 April was the date after which the snow amount only decreased from one
day to the next. Hence, these data are in accordance with the start of diurnal albedo
change detected from 15 April until 25 April. The prior and subsequent albedo was
stable. y
p
p
g
under the snow, affect the process of snow melt. On the basis of AWS data on snow
25
depth, 12 April was the date after which the snow amount only decreased from one
day to the next. Hence, these data are in accordance with the start of diurnal albedo
change detected from 15 April until 25 April. The prior and subsequent albedo was
stable. 4174 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
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Interactive Discussion The snow the grain size has been reported to vary generally by less than 50% on the
topmost 10–20 cm of snow (Warren and Wiscombe, 1980). UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. In a literature review presented in Warren & Wiscombe (1980) for their albedo model,
it was found that some papers reported the albedo to increase with solar zenith angle. We found a slight increase at midday during the accumulation period with small grain In a literature review presented in Warren & Wiscombe (1980) for their albedo model,
it was found that some papers reported the albedo to increase with solar zenith angle. We found a slight increase at midday during the accumulation period with small grain size. This could possibly be physically explained by an increase in the specular com-
10
ponent at midday compared to morning or afternoon. The midday increase would then
be bigger the smaller the grain size. size. This could possibly be physically explained by an increase in the specular com-
10
ponent at midday compared to morning or afternoon. The midday increase would then
be bigger the smaller the grain size. gg
g
In summary, our results suggest: – a high and stable midday albedo for SZA 56–60 degrees during the snow accu-
mulation period; albedo maximum in solar midday during accumulation period in
clear sky and under variable cloudiness. 15 – possibly UV albedo asymmetric to solar zenith angles. – a diurnal change of 0.05 in albedo during the melt period, in cases of clear sky
and variable cloudiness with SZA 56–60 degrees. – a little by little decrease in the general abedo level with the melting of snow. 20 – a stable lower albedo at the end of the melt period. With the help of ancillary data on temperature, grain size and snow depth, these are
explained by a high albedo induced by a small grain size during accumulation time,
and a diurnal change in albedo by snow grain metamorphism caused by heating of the With the help of ancillary data on temperature, grain size and snow depth, these are
explained by a high albedo induced by a small grain size during accumulation time,
and a diurnal change in albedo by snow grain metamorphism caused by heating of the
surface, melting some of the snow to liquid water, and the metamorphism ceasing by
25
the end of the melt period. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 sizes of the top layer varied from 0.2–2.5 mm, containing variation by 125%. Thus the
variability in grain size of the Arctic snow in Finland, and the maximum grain sizes were
5
found to be extreme. I
lit
t
i
t d i W
& Wi
b (1980) f
th i
lb d
d l UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. We found that in the Arctic
conditions of Sodankyl¨a, belonging to the global snow class of Taiga snow, the grain
sizes of the top layer varied from 0.2–2.5 mm, containing variation by 125%. Thus the
variability in grain size of the Arctic snow in Finland, and the maximum grain sizes were
5
found to be extreme. In a literature review presented in Warren & Wiscombe (1980) for their albedo model,
it was found that some papers reported the albedo to increase with solar zenith angle. We found a slight increase at midday during the accumulation period with small grain The snow the grain size has been reported to vary generally by less than 50% on the
topmost 10–20 cm of snow (Warren and Wiscombe, 1980). We found that in the Arctic
conditions of Sodankyl¨a, belonging to the global snow class of Taiga snow, the grain
sizes of the top layer varied from 0.2–2.5 mm, containing variation by 125%. Thus the
variability in grain size of the Arctic snow in Finland, and the maximum grain sizes were
5
found to be extreme. The snow the grain size has been reported to vary generally by less than 50% on the
topmost 10–20 cm of snow (Warren and Wiscombe, 1980). We found that in the Arctic
conditions of Sodankyl¨a, belonging to the global snow class of Taiga snow, the grain
sizes of the top layer varied from 0.2–2.5 mm, containing variation by 125%. Thus the ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful to A. Aarva, H. Suokanerva, S. Suopaj¨arvi,
V. Postila, and P. Koivula for their help with operation of the SL501 sensors. The Academy
25
of Finland has given financial support for this work (FARPOCC-project). V. Postila, and P. Koivula for their help with operation of the SL501 sensors. The Academy
25
of Finland has given financial support for this work (FARPOCC-project). Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful to A. Aarva, H. Suo ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 The advantages of snow albedo measurements in Finland are the facts that here 8, 4155–4198, 2008 )
y y
,
)
g
classes, only the alpine snow missing, and iii) the topography in Finland is flat, thus
5
favorable to albedo studies, iv) clean snow can be found in the remote areas of the
Finnish Lapland, vi) the snow grain size of the top layer varies greatly from small to
extremely big grain sizes of 2.5 mm. In the future, we intend to continue ground-based
UV albedo measurements under these conditions in Finland, and comparisons are UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. These findings were made possible only by continuous high With the help of ancillary data on temperature, grain size and snow depth, these are
explained by a high albedo induced by a small grain size during accumulation time,
and a diurnal change in albedo by snow grain metamorphism caused by heating of the explained by a high albedo induced by a small grain size during accumulation time,
and a diurnal change in albedo by snow grain metamorphism caused by heating of the
surface, melting some of the snow to liquid water, and the metamorphism ceasing by
25
the end of the melt period. These findings were made possible only by continuous high surface, melting some of the snow to liquid water, and the metamorphism ceasing by
25
the end of the melt period. These findings were made possible only by continuous high 4175 temporal resolution measurements, and would not have been found by measurement
campaigns. temporal resolution measurements, and would not have been found by measurement
i ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. planned to extend to Arctic-Antarctic, and between UV and broadband albedo. The
10
liquid water content of the top layer of the snow from midday for two hours forward at
intervals of approx. half an hour or even less should be measured in the melt period
together with continuous high temporal resolution (1-min) albedo measurements and
the ancillary data as presented here. Possibly some other parameters may also be planned to extend to Arctic-Antarctic, and between UV and broadband albedo. The
10
liquid water content of the top layer of the snow from midday for two hours forward at
intervals of approx. half an hour or even less should be measured in the melt period
together with continuous high temporal resolution (1-min) albedo measurements and
the ancillary data as presented here. Possibly some other parameters may also be included (including spectral albedo), or the temporal resolution of the parameters may
15
be improved to study the diurnal decrease and the possible asymmetry. Wiscombe
and Warren (1980) have reported that only a small number of albedo models had been
put forward prior to their model, reflecting the lack of high-quality data against which to
check such a model, and the fact that some of the data are contradictory. The albedo model introduced in their paper is in use in the commonly-applied radiative transfer (RT)
20
model Libradtran (Mayer and Kylling, 2005), and currently highly referred to. Using our
empirical data, a UV albedo parametrization for Arctic snow during accumulation and
melt time periods could be elaborated, and the existing albedo models verified. 4176 References ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 Arola,
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Rates, Appl. Optics, 42, 3472–3479, 2003. Grenfell, T. C., Warren, S. G., and Mullen, P. C.: Reflection of solar radiation by the Antarctic
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snow surface at ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths, J. Geophys. Res., 99(D9),
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8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
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Interactive Discussion UNEP: Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion: Assessment, United Nations Environment
Programme. ISBN 92-807-2312-X, 2002,http://www.unep.org/OZONE/pdf/eeap-report2002. pdf, 2002. ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
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ing atmospheric aerosols, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2734–2745, 1980. 5 g
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Lindfors, A., Shindell, D., Taalas, P., and Tarasick, D.: Chapter 5: Ozone and Ultraviolet Ra-
diation. ACIA 2005. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Cambridge University Press, 1042,
151–182, 2005. http://www.ann-geophys.net/24/7/2006/.
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calculations – description and examples of use, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1855–1877, 2005,
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1855/2005/. 10 10 Madronich, S.: Environmental UV Photobiology, Chap. 1, The Atmosphere and UVB Radiation
at Ground level, Plenum Press, New York, 1993. Title Page
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31, 108, 188–189, 1985. McKenzie, R. L., Kotcamp, M., and Ireland, W.: Upwelling UV spectral irradiances and surface
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albedo measurements at Lauder, New Zealand, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(14), 1757–1760,
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Appl Optics 45 5346 5357 2006
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Appl. Optics, 45, 5346–5357, 2006. 20 20 Perovich, D. K., Grenfell, T. C., Light, B., and Hobbs, P. V.: Seasonal evolution of the albedo
of multiyear Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys.Res., 107(C10), 8044, doi:10.1029/2000JC000438,
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109, D20118, doi:10.1029/2004JD004617, 2004. 25 25 Pirazzini, R., Vihma, T., Granskog, M., and Cheng, B.: Surface albedo measurements over sea
ice in the Baltic Sea during the spring snowmelt period, Ann. Glaciology, 44, 7–14, 2006. Smolskaia, I., Nunez, M., and Kelvin, M.: Measurements of Erythemal Irradiance near Davis
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ice in the Baltic Sea during the spring snowmelt period, Ann. Glaciology, 44, 7–14, 2006. Pirazzini, R., Vihma, T., Granskog, M., and Cheng, B.: Surface albedo measurements over sea
ice in the Baltic Sea during the spring snowmelt period, Ann. Glaciology, 44, 7–14, 2006. Smolskaia, I., Nunez, M., and Kelvin, M.: Measurements of Erythemal Irradiance near Davis Smolskaia, I., Nunez, M., and Kelvin, M.: Measurements of Erythemal Irradiance near Davis
Station, Antarctica: Effect of Inhomegeneous Surface Albedo, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26,
1381–1384, 1999. 30 30 Tanskanen, A. and Manninen, T.: Effective UV surface albedo of seasonally snow-covered
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O Meinander et al 10 Webb, A., Gr¨obner, J., and Blumthaler, M.: A practical guide to operating broadband instru-
ments measuring erythemally weighted irradiance, WMO SAG UV, COST-726, ISBN 92-
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Figures Wiscombe,W. J. and Warren, S. G.: A model for the spectral albedo of snow, I: Pure snow, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2712–2733, 1980. 15 15 WMO: WMO GAW report 120, WMO-UMAP Workshop on Broad-Band UV Radiometers,
Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 22–23 April 1996,WMO TD No. 894, 1996. y
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Wuttke, S., Seckmeyer, G., and K¨onig-Langlo, G.: Measurements of spectral snow albedo at
Neumayer, Antarctica, Ann. Geophys., 24, 7–21, 2006, 20 4179 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. idday SZA values [degrees] at Sodankyl¨a (67.22◦N, 26.37◦E) in 2007. Table 2. Empirical calibration procedures in 2007.
Date
Procedure
22.3.
Both sensors upward, 09:00–10:00 UTC, 67.2<SZA<68.6
2.5.
Both sensors upward (full cloudy, snow on the ground), 07:00–08:00 UTC 56.4<SZA<60.6
9.5.
Upward sensor turned downward and other turned up (snow almost melted)
11.5.
Both sensors turned upward
14.5.
Both sensors turned downward ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 Table 1. The midday SZA values [degrees] at Sodankyl¨a (67.22◦N, 26.37◦E) in 2007. Table 1. The midday SZA values [degrees] at Sodankyl¨a (67.22◦N, 26.37◦E) in 2007. Month
Feb
March
April
May
Date
1 15
1 15
1 15
1
SZA
85 80
75 70
63 58
52 Month
Feb
March
April
May
Date
1 15
1 15
1 15
1
SZA
85 80
75 70
63 58
52 4180 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures Table 2. Empirical calibration procedures in 2007. Date
Procedure
22.3. Both sensors upward, 09:00–10:00 UTC, 67.2<SZA<68.6
2.5. Both sensors upward (full cloudy, snow on the ground), 07:00–08:00 UTC 56.4<SZA<60.6
9.5. Upward sensor turned downward and other turned up (snow almost melted)
11.5. Both sensors turned upward
14.5. Both sensors turned downward Table 2. Empirical calibration procedures in 2007. Date
Procedure
22.3. Both sensors upward, 09:00–10:00 UTC, 67.2<SZA<68.6
2.5. Both sensors upward (full cloudy, snow on the ground), 07:00–08:00 UTC 56.4<SZA<60.6
9.5. Upward sensor turned downward and other turned up (snow almost melted)
11.5. Both sensors turned upward
14.5. Both sensors turned downward Table 2. Empirical calibration procedures in 2007. 4181 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 Table 4. SL501 UV albedo of Arctic snow at Sodankyl¨a for midday SZA<60 degrees in April
2007. The column of diurnal decline in albedo refers to temporary decline soon after mid-
day (approx. duration), whereas asymmetric decline suggests a decline from morning towards
afternoon. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. coefficient (r) of snow grain size and other measured parameters. The
17 between the julian days of 64–132. Table 3. The correlation coefficient (r) of snow grain size and other measured parameters. The
number of cases was n=17 between the julian days of 64–132. Table 3. The correlation coefficient (r) of snow grain size and other measured parameters. The
number of cases was n=17 between the julian days of 64–132. Parameter
r
Minimum ground temperature
0.37
Daily maximum temperature
0.79
Grain size and time (julian day)
0.55
Depth of total snow pack
0.47
Depth of the surface layer
0.22 4182 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Date
Snow conditions
Cloudiness
Albedo minimum
Albedo
Diurnal
and maximum
average
decline
10.4. Accumulation period
Almost clear
0.64–0.67 (stable, slightly highest at midday)
0.66
NO
11.4. Accumulation period
Almost full cloudy
0.72–0.81 (stable, temporary high values due to snow fall)
0.74
NO
12.4
Snow melt period starts
Variable
0.66–0.70 (stable, slight indication of diurnal decline)
0.69
NO
13.4. Melt
Variable
0.66–0.68
0.67
NO
14.4. Melt
Variable
0.61–0.65 (slight indication of diurnal decline)
0.63
NO
15.4. Melt
Almost clear
0.55–0.60
0.59
YES (60 min)
16.4. Rapid melt
Variable
0.56–0.60
0.58
YES (20 min)
17.4. Rapid melt
Variable
0.54–0.60
0.57
YES (60 min)
18.4. Rapid melt
Almost clear
0.54–0.60
0.58
YES (100 min)
19.4. Rapid melt
Variable
0.56–0.63
0.60
YES (60 min)
20.4. Rapid melt
Variable
0.56–0.62
0.59
YES (60 min)
21.4. Melt
Variable
0.58–0.61 (stable or slightly lowest at midday)
0.59
NO
22.4. Melt
Almost clear
0.55–0.60
0.56
YES (100 min)
23.4. Melt
Almost full cloudy
0.57–0.61
0.58
NO
24.4. Melt
Variable
0.51–0.58 (suggesting asymmetric decline)
0.55
YES (80 min)
25.4. Melt
Variable
0.50–0.54
0.52
YES (80 min)
26.4. Melt
Variable
0.51–0.52
0.51
NO
27.4. Melt
Variable
0.46–0.49 (suggesting asymmetric decline)
0.47
NO
28.4. Melt
Variable
0.46–0.50 (stable or slightly lowest at midday)
0.47
NO
29.4. Melt
Variable
0.44–0.5 (stable or slightly lowest at midday)
0.47
NO
30.4. Melt
Variable
0.44–0.46
0.45
NO 4183 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Table 5. The approximated decline in NILU-UV midday albedo in the UVA and UVB channels
during the clear sky cases of the melt period in 2007. Table 5. The approximated decline in NILU-UV midday albedo in the UVA and UVB channels
during the clear sky cases of the melt period in 2007. Date
UVA albedo
UVB albedo
Diurnal decline
Diurnal decline
15.4. 0.04
0.06
18.4. 0.06
0.05
22.4. 0.04
0.04 Date
UVA albedo
UVB albedo
Diurnal decline
Diurnal decline
15.4. 0.04
0.06
18.4. 0.06
0.05
22.4. 0.04
0.04 4184 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. 1.000E-06
1.000E-05
1.000E-04
1.000E-03
1.000E-02
1.000E-01
1.000E+00
250
270
290
310
330
350
370
390
Wavelength
Response
#1089 2005
#5763 2001
Fig. 1. Spectral responses of the SL501 sensors, in logaritmic scale showing the maximal
differences. 1.000E-06
1.000E-05
1.000E-04
1.000E-03
1.000E-02
1.000E-01
1.000E+00
250
270
290
310
330
350
370
390
Wavelength
Response
#1089 2005
#5763 2001 Fig. 1. Spectral responses of the SL501 sensors, in logaritmic scale showing the maximal
differences Fig. 1. Spectral responses of the SL501 sensors, in logaritmic scale showing the maximal
differences. 4185 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. -100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Angle of incidence (degrees)
Angular error (per centages)
Fig. 2. Cosine responses of the SL501 sensors. Fig. 2. Cosine responses of the SL501 sensors. 4186 Fig. 3. The holders designed for the albedo measurements. 4187 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
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Interactive Discussion ned for the albedo measurements. 4187 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Fig. 3. The holders designed for the albedo measurements. 4187 Fig. 3. The holders designed for the albedo measurements. 4187 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 Fig. 5. The 1-mm grid used for the snow grain size measurements. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. #1089/#5763
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
SZA [deg]
29.5. 30.5. 31.5. 1.6. 4.6. 5.6. 6.6. 7.6. 8.6. Fig. 4. Results of the post-calibration measurements of SL501s in 2007. #1089/#5763 Fig. 4. Results of the post-calibration measurements of SL501s in 2007. 4188 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Fig. 5. The 1-mm grid used for the snow grain size measurements. 4189 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Depth of snow cover in Sodankylä AWS in 2007 [cm] 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Julian day 2007 (1-134)
Depth of snow cover [cm]
Fig. 6. Snow depth during winter and spring 2007. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Julian day 2007 (1-134)
Depth of snow cover [cm] Fig. 6. Snow depth during winter and spring 2007. Fig. 6. Snow depth during winter and spring 2007. 4190 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
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Conclusions
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Tmax
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
61
66
71
76
81
86
91
96
101 106 111 116 121 126 131 136 141 146 151
Fig. 7. Air temperature maximum showing the big jump, the “springthaw”. Fig. 7. Air temperature maximum showing the big jump, the “springthaw”. 4191 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
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Conclusions
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Tables
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Snow depth and snow grain size diameter
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Julian day 2007
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fig. 8. Grain size and snow depth in spring. Snow depth and snow grain size diameter Fig. 8. Grain size and snow depth in spring. 4192 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Time (minutes from 10-11 UTC)
Albedo (0-1)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Incoming irradiance (raw)
Fig. 9. Flat albedo signal of a clear sky case (10 April) during the accumulation period. Fig. 9. Flat albedo signal of a clear sky case (10 April) during the accumulation period. 4193 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
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References
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Incoming irradiance and albedo of 15.4., 18.4. and 22.4. Incoming irradiance and albedo of 15.4., 18.4. and 22.4. Incoming irradiance and albedo of 15.4., 18.4. and 22.4. 0.5
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.6
0.62
0.64
0.66
0.68
0.7
9:00
9:28
9:57
10:26
10:55
11:24
11:52
Time (UTC)
Albedo (0-1)
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Incoming irradiance (raw)
Fig. 10. Diurnal decrease under clear sky cases of 15, 18 and 22 April, marked with the solid
lines. The incoming irradiances are marked with the dashed lines. Incoming irradiance and albedo of 15.4., 18.4. and 22.4. 0.5
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.6
0.62
0.64
0.66
0.68
0.7
9:00
9:28
9:57
10:26
10:55
11:24
11:52
Time (UTC)
Albedo (0-1)
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Incoming irradiance (raw) Fig. 10. Diurnal decrease under clear sky cases of 15, 18 and 22 April, marked with the solid
lines. The incoming irradiances are marked with the dashed lines. 4194 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UVA and UVB albedo in 22.4. for SZA<60, 1-minute data
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
358
398
438
478
518
558
598
638
Time [Measurement minute]
Albedo (0-1)
Fig. 11. Diurnal decrease in a NILU-UV measurement. UVA and UVB albedo in 22.4.2007 for
cases with SZA<60 degrees; 1-min data measured with a NILU-UV radiometer. The midday is
marked with the y-axis. Only relative changes in the UVA and UVB signals are to be considered. UVA and UVB albedo in 22.4. for SZA<60, 1-minute data Fig. 11. Diurnal decrease in a NILU-UV measurement. UVA and UVB albedo in 22.4.2007 for
cases with SZA<60 degrees; 1-min data measured with a NILU-UV radiometer. The midday is
marked with the y-axis. Only relative changes in the UVA and UVB signals are to be considered. 4195 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
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Tables
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
Julian days (100-120)
Albedo (0-1)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Snow depth [cm] 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
Julian days (100-120)
Albedo (0-1)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Snow depth [cm]
Fig. 12. Snow depth and albedo. Average of snow UV albedo for midday (solid line) and snow
depth (dashed line) for each day during melt season from julian days 100 to 120 in spring 2007. Fig. 12. Snow depth and albedo. Average of snow UV albedo for midday (solid line) and snow
depth (dashed line) for each day during melt season from julian days 100 to 120 in spring 2007. 4196 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
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Interactive Discussion ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Sodankylä albedo March 15-31 2007
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Snow UV albedo Sodankylä 1-15 April 2007
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Snow UV Sodankylä 16-30 April 2007
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Snow UV albedo Sodankylä May 2007
k1=1.29, k2=0.96, k1/k2=1.34
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Fig. 13. Long-term albedo with the U-shape. Snow UV albedo Sodankylä 1-15 April 2007
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Snow UV albedo Sodankylä May 2007
k1=1.29, k2=0.96, k1/k2=1.34
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000 Fig. 13. Long-term albedo with the U-shape. Fig. 13. Long-term albedo with the U-shape. 4197 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008
UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
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Interactive Discussion red diurnal variation of liquid water content at different dep
4198 Measured diurnal variation of liquid water content at different depth levels of snow
4198 ACPD
8, 4155–4198, 2008 UV albedo of arctic
snow in spring
O. Meinander et al. Fig. 14. Measured diurnal variation of liquid water content at different depth levels of snow
pack. 4198 4198
| 34,081 |
https://github.com/novirael/school-codebase/blob/master/java/algorithms/src/trees/WypisywanieDrzewa.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,017 |
school-codebase
|
novirael
|
Java
|
Code
| 110 | 382 |
package trees;
import java.util.*;
public class WypisywanieDrzewa {
public void drukowanieWierzcholkow(Drzewo drzewo) {
Stack globalStack = new Stack();
Stack localStack;
int emptyLeaf = 32;
boolean isRowEmpty = false;
globalStack.push(drzewo.getPierwszy());
while (!isRowEmpty) {
localStack = new Stack();
isRowEmpty = true;
for (int j = 0; j < emptyLeaf; j++)
System.out.print(' ');
while (!globalStack.isEmpty()) {
Wierzcholek temp = (Wierzcholek) globalStack.pop();
if (temp != null) {
System.out.print(temp.getWartosc());
localStack.push(temp.getLewy());
localStack.push(temp.getPrawy());
if (temp.getLewy() != null || temp.getPrawy() != null)
isRowEmpty = false;
} else {
System.out.print("--");
localStack.push(null);
localStack.push(null);
}
for (int j = 0; j < emptyLeaf * 2 - 2; j++)
System.out.print(' ');
}
System.out.println();
emptyLeaf /= 2;
while (!localStack.isEmpty())
globalStack.push(localStack.pop());
}
}
}
| 45,146 |
https://github.com/clientrock/gauguin/blob/master/spec/spec_helper.rb
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
gauguin
|
clientrock
|
Ruby
|
Code
| 52 | 279 |
if ENV['CODECLIMATE_REPO_TOKEN']
require "codeclimate-test-reporter"
CodeClimate::TestReporter.start
else
require 'simplecov'
SimpleCov.start
end
require 'bundler/setup'
require './lib/gauguin'
require 'pry'
Bundler.setup
RSpec.configure do |config|
end
def configure(config_option, value)
old_value = Gauguin.configuration.send(config_option)
before do
Gauguin.configuration.send("#{config_option}=", value)
end
after do
Gauguin.configuration.send("#{config_option}=", old_value)
end
end
class FakeImage
attr_accessor :magic_black_pixel, :magic_red_pixel,
:magic_white_pixel, :magic_red_little_transparent_pixel,
:pixels_repository, :color_histogram, :rows, :columns,
:pixels, :colors_to_pixels
end
| 21,687 |
https://github.com/kush1509/pixelect/blob/master/client/views/TOS.vue
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,017 |
pixelect
|
kush1509
|
Vue
|
Code
| 33 | 125 |
<template>
<div>
<div class="container">
<section class="section">
Terms of Service
</section>
</div>
<custom-footer/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import CustomFooter from '@/components/CustomFooter'
export default {
name: 'TOS',
components: {
CustomFooter,
},
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
| 50,683 |
christiancalling0000davi_7
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,875 |
The Christian calling
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,360 | 9,177 |
In the eyes of a Christian, the example of Christ must settle the question. Do we call him Master and Lord? Yes, and we say well, for so he is. What Christian does not acknowledge “zs Lordship? He is not Lord of the clergy and Sunday school children only, but of all sorts and conditions of men. And how did he reveal him- self? He came not to be ministered unto, but to minister. ‘I am among you,” he said to his obe- dient followers, “as he that serveth.” He did not abolish command and obedience, ruling and serv- ing, superiority and inferiority. No, but he insisted, that as he who was the Master of all gave himself to be the servant of all, so amongst them who should call themselves by his name, he should be held chief who did the most service. As regards human laws, it may no doubt be found expedient that privilege and power and authority should be secured against attack, however unworthy and unserviceable the person in whom they are vested may be: but by the law of the kingdom of heaven no man can claim to be a ruler of others except by proving that he can serve them, And if we consider the rulers who have distin- guished themselves in history, it may be seen that, on the whole, those have been felt to be the best ee ee ee THE DIVINE RIGHT TO RULE, Ig!I shepherds who have most thoroughly made com- mon cause with the sheep, not climbing up by some exclusive way, but going in and out before the sheep through the door of the fold. There have been selfish and ambitious conquerors who have been very successful although their chief motive was to aggrandise themselves, a class of whom the first Napoleon is the most conspicuous example: but even these have generally had the instinct or the skill of identifying themselves with their armies or populations, and have really led by sympathy and endurance men who willingly followed them. But the best rulers have been those who have consciously lived for their subjects, men like the Moses and the David of sacred history, who felt that they were called and appointed to a charge of great responsibility, not that they might lord it over God’s heritage, but that they might lead the people onward in the path of safety and prosperity. Wherever rule has been justified to the common conscience, so that men have rejoiced in. their rulers and been grateful to them, whether the power was nominally despotic or limited by law, the secret has been that the rulers cared not for themselves but for the people. But there is a na- tural and Divinely inspired discontent felt against 192 THE DIVINE RIGHT TO RULE. those who have power, when they shew that they have forgotten the essential reason of authority and subordination, and that they fancy that, because they were born in a certain station or have in some way got power into their hands, the Maker and Father of all has put some of his children under their feet to pamper their luxury or their pride. You might be sure that if the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ has ordained government and subjec- tion, the end of such ordination must be the good not of the few but of the many; and this truth, which Christ has taught, the instincts and experi- ence of mankind have abundantly illustrated. Yet the tendency of vulgar greatness is always to dissociate itself from the common herd; to be exclusive rather than sympathetic, in interest, in taste, in enjoyment. We in England, my brethren, know perfectly well what this danger is. We know too well the secret of what made the false shep- herds of Ezekiel’s time and of the days of our Lord. There is not one of us here, I venture to say, who may not be the better for being reminded that the true shepherd is one who walks with his sheep and gives his life forthem. There is not one of us who has not been tempted to draw off from other persons, to look down on them, to find THE DIVINE RIGHT TO RULE. 193 satisfaction in claiming to belong to a superior class, or to have a more cultivated taste. That impulse, to make the burdens of others our own, is so rare, so difficult to cherish! That desire, to help and encourage others with any advantage that we possess, has so weak and occasional a hold upon our hearts! The simple and natural fellow-feeling, which joins hands with the true man in each neigh- bour in spite of any vulgarities and faults, and would help him unconsciously against the vulgari- ties and the faults, the fellow-feeling which draws and binds human beings together, and builds up a living society,—has so hard a fight against our stupid vanity and self-love ! , It is good, then, that we should be led to honour a character and a career like those of the heroic traveller and missionary, whose mortal re- mains were laid yesterday in the most sacred soil of this our English land. We reasonably pay a tribute to Livingstone’s energy and unconquerable resolution ; these are qualities we cannot afford to make light of. But it is not by these chiefly, I think, that the national heart has been drawn to Dr. Livingstone. We have all learnt something of his goodness, his generosity, his gentleness, his enthusiastic and yet patient desire to serve the ess: 13 194 THE DIVINE RIGHT TO RULE. natives of Africa, his willingness to lay down his life for them in contending against the wolfish slave-trade which has been devouring them. Hard- ly any one has known so much of the native races of Africa as Livingstone, no one has spoken of them with more respect, no one has behaved | towards them with a more hearty and simple good- will. And I suppose no European has been so successful in winning their confidence and affec- tion, This career, of long and successful fellowship with men of inferior races, is one of great interest for us to contemplate. It is evidently not easy for Englishmen, when they come into contact with inferior races, to be mindful at all times of their Christianity or even of their civilization. English settlers and soldiers, finding the Oriental or the African to be generally untrustworthy, sometimes treacherous, sometimes filthy, always difficult to understand and appreciate, have too often fancied themselves to be justified in treating these dark- coloured subjects or neighbours as if they were wild beasts. They have allowed themselves to beat and shoot and burn, in Africa and the East, with a freedom which would be considered shock- ing if the objects of these wild severities had been THE DIVINE RIGHT TO RULE. 195 white men. It is difficult for us in England to judge fairly those who are tried by difficulties and exposed to dangers of which we have no experi- ence; and we most of us feel a natural and not ungenerous desire to stand by our countrymen and justify them in any proceedings they may think necessary against savages. I hope it was unwil- lingness to say a word which should appear to reflect on the conduct of the handful of gallant men who vindicated the honour of our country on the pestilent shores of the Gold Coast, which kept almost every English tongue from uttering even an expression of regret at the burning of Coomassie. And yet it is scarcely possible, surely, to think without misgivings as well as pain of the deliberate destruction by fire in cold blood of all the houses of a populous city, as a punishment of the faith- lessness of its ruler. If such a thing were done, even in hot blood, in Europe, it would excite, as we well know, a cry of execration against its per- petrators. The excuse is that the men, women, and children, whose every home was made a ruin in Coomassie, were African savages, and that the town had been defiled by atrocities which seemed to cry to heaven for vengeance. Well, I am as unwilling as others to judge the humane and 13—2 196 THE DIVINE RIGHT TO RULE. ‘honourable men who set that unhappy city on fire. But, when it is assumed that savages, or people of Oriental civilization like the Chinese, are not to have the benefit of the laws which mitigate the horrors of war between European nations, but that wé may give their cities and their palaces to the flames without mercy, it is timely, I think, that we should ask ourselves why we are proud of Living- stone. Is it hot, in a great degree, because he treated Africans—let those who will scoff at the phtase—as men and brothers? Is it not because “he would have shrunk with repugnance from doing to an African what would have been an act of brutality if done toa European? From his grave in Westminster Abbey the single-minded friend of the Africans yet speaks to us; a more tried friend than any other, because he lived so long alone amongst them, bearing alone whatever was repug- nant to European taste in their customs, and not turning from them in disgust; a friend who, the more intimately he knew them, felt for them not only the more pity but also the more respect. He appeals to us most earnestly to do whatever we can to help his Africans, and especially to drive away that desolating scourge of the slave- trade from their shores. But he appeals to us also THE DIVINE RIGHT TO RULE. 197 to cherish in all our dealings that spirit of large and tender humanity which he had himself re- ceived from heaven, and to be in this respect fol- lowers of him, even as he was of Christ. It has been my chief desire this morning, brethren, to commend to you this spirit of the true Shepherd as one which, if we admit it into our hearts, will pervade and Christianize all our actions and manner of life. But before I conclude, let me remind you of the more familiar lesson, that we are the sheep of the Good Shepherd. Our Lord did not shrink from declaring “I am the Good Shepherd.” He was referring, no doubt, primarily to his Galilean followers. They knew him as the perfect Shepherd, going before them, lead- ing them with his voice, prepared to suffer death for their deliverance. But he had other sheep than them; other followers who in other times and places were to learn the tones of his attracting voice, and to find safety and joy in going where he leads. His voice is that of the Father’s love, en- treating ws also to come to God and to be at one with him. It calls us to the labour and pain of self-conquest, perhaps to the patience of suffering. But it bids us go nowhere but where Christ has gone before. As we follow that voice, we keep 198 THE DIVINE RIGHT TO RULE. neat to him, and he will lead us to refreshing pastures and sweet waters. Let us not choose to stray from his guidance. If we do we shall lose ourselves, and one day we shall repent of our wilfulness. If we are straying now, the Good Shepherd is seeking us, and calling us by name with that voice of mercy. He desires to save us from ourselves and from our enemies. He pro- mises us rest in obedience. “Take my yoke upon you and learn of me; for my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.” XIV. ‘C/SAR AND GOD. Sp MATTHEW XXII. 21.—‘‘Render unto Cesar the things which are Czesar’s, and unto God the things that are God’s.” I HAVE protested in a recent sermon’ against a current and plausible misinterpretation of this saying. But I am induced to ask your attention to a fuller exposition of the true meaning of it, because the public interest is especially engaged at the present moment by controversies in which this saying is adduced as an authoritative text, and the sense put upon the precept is, I may say, a demon- strably erroneous one. It is worth while, I feel assured, to try even by repetition to guard our- selves against this misapprehension, and to fasten to our minds the true sense of our Lord’s pro- foundly edifying admonition. The saying is supposed to refer to the pro- vinces of the State and the Church, or of the civil authority and the religious authority, respec- tively, and to lay down the principle that these 1 See page 113. 200 CHESAR AND GOD. "provinces should be kept carefully distinct. In this sense the text is invoked equally by the Roman Catholic and by the Protestant Dissenter, by Archbishop Manning and by Mr Miall. The Romanist alleges that when the State interferes with the province of the Church, this direct com- mand of Christ is violated. “The province of the Church is that of faith and morals; within that province the Church ought to be supreme; it is sacrilege and blasphemy for the civil power to make regulations, except as the obedient servant of the Church, which have anything to do with faith and morals.” Considering, as Mr Gladstone? is pointing out to us, that our whole life belongs in some sense to the sphere of faith and morals, we can only see in this doctrine a claim on the part oj the Church, as distinct from the State, to rule the whole of human life. If we demur to what seems to involve such consequences, we are reminded that our Lord bade us render to Caesar the things that are Cesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s. The interference of the State with the Church is named “Czesarism”; it is the presumption of a Cesar taking to himself the things that belong to God. 1 This sermon was preached on the Sunday after the publication of the “ Vatican Decrees.” : CASAR AND GOD. 201 With a very different understanding of what “the Church” is, English voluntaryism equally appeals to this saying as affirming the separate independ- ence of the civil power and of religion. It declares the sphere of the conscience to be one, and the sphere of the law to be another. In maintaining a State-Church, we render, it complains, to Caesar things which belong to God only. In our own Church, established as it is by law, this command of Christ is continually quoted as guarding in some way the independence of the Church and of reli- gion, though the interpretation put upon it by Romanist and by Dissenter may be thought too extreme. The Parliament, say not a few, must not pass any law affecting the Church or religion with- out the consent of the Church as represented by the. Convocations of Clergy, because our Lord has solemnly said, “Render to Czsar the things that are Czsar’s, and to God the things that are God's.” Now it only requires a careful reading of the narrative to see that when our Lord spoke these words he was not intending to make any distinction at all between the secular and the ecclesiastical provinces, between the claims of the State and the claims of the Church. The ecclesiastical organiza- 202 CAESAR AND GOD. tion of his country, or of any other country, was not in our Lord’s mind, any more than it was in the minds of his questioners. When the words are used to prove that the Church has rights with which the State ought not to interfere, they are applied toa purpose with which they really have nothing to do. So we lose, on the one hand, the benefit of the true meaning of an. important lesson; whilst on the other hand Christ’s sanction is given to an arbitrary and impracticable theory. I need hardly remind you of the condition of Judzea in our Lord’s day. The country had lost its independence. It was a part of the great dominion of Rome. The imperial authority of the Roman Ceesar was represented in the land of Israel by vassal princes and governors and garrisons and tribute-collectors. The land had gone through many vicissitudes since the times best known to us, —those of the kings and the prophets. But the national idea cherished by devout Jews in every generation was that of a “theocracy.” This means a system of government in which the God of the national worship was regarded as ruling the nation through his appointed ministers. It is the very principle of a theocracy, that the civil and the ecclesiastical organizations are ot kept distinct C4SAR AND GOD. 203 from one another. When you read the Prophets, is it religion or politics that you find in the pages of Isaiah or Jeremiah? One just as much as the other. It is all religion; it is all politics. The people of Israel are addressed as the people of their God Jehovah by prophets claiming to speak in his name; they are addressed with reference to their national faults, their national dangers, the national glory that was promised them. This entire blending of politics and religion in the life of the ancient Jews must be evident to all who read the Old Testament. When the people of Jehovah fell under the yoke of aheathen emperor, it seems hardly reasonable to assume that this degradation produced a happy separation of the temporal and the spiritual func- tions. Cesar was a foreign despot, under whose sway it was impossible for Jews who cherished the traditions of Israel to live contented. It was however a peculiar baseness in the Jews who persecuted the Lord Jesus and his followers, that they tried to bring them into collision with the Roman authorities. They would pay a homage of which they were bitterly ashamed, for the sake of destroying those whom they hated. They de- nounced Jesus to Pontius Pilate as a pretender inciting the people to insurrection; they afterwards 204 C4SAR AND GOD. denounced the preachers of the Gospel to the Roman authorities throughout the Empire as pro- moters of sedition. The Pharisees took counsel, we are told, how they might entangle Jesus in his talk. They wanted to get him into a difficulty. So they sent emissaries to him, charging them to compliment him on his courage and his truthfulness, and then to propose to him a perplexing question. They addressed him thus; “Master, we know that thou art true, and teachest the way of God in truth, neither carest thou for any man; for thou regardest not the person of men. Tell us therefore, what thinkest thou? Is it lawful to give tribute to Cesar or not?” Their object was to force Jesus into a dilemma, If he said, partly persuaded by their flattery, that it was zo¢ lawful, then they might accuse him to the Roman government. If he answered that it was lawful, they hoped to bring him into discredit with the people. For they regarded him as a man who wanted to make a party and gain a following, and who was seeking to accomplish these ends like other popular leaders by appealing tothe old religious patriotism of his countrymen, And if Jesus had been what they supposed him to be, their plan would have been C4SAR AND GOD. 205 a very promising one. But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and instead of having recourse to any conciliatory evasion in his reply, he made them wince under his righteous indignation. “Why tempt ye me’-—that is, Why are you making your experiments upon me—“ye hypocrites?” There was no honest purpose in their inquiry, he knew. Still, they should have their answer, and know that he was not afraid to answer them plainly. “Shew me the tribute-money.” “Whose’—he asked, when they brought him a coin—“Whose is this It was the Imperial coinage. And what did the currency of ” image and superscription?” “ Czesatr’s. this coin imply? It implied that Cesar was the actual accepted ruler of the land,—a foreign con- queror, it was true, but still, keeping the peace, administering justice, exetcising the mecessary functions of government. The rulet of the land might claim tribute. Our Lord leaves here un- touched, I think, the questions, whether it was right that the Cesar should have become the ruler of the land, whether the people would in any cir- cumstances be justified in rising against him, how fat they might plan resistance or indulge discontent.. He knew, we may venture to say, that there was not the mind, the faith, in the people,—certainly 206 CESAR AND GOD. not in these hypocritical questioners,—that would justify an appeal to arms in behalf of national inde- pendence. It was from the first the fixed resolution of the Lord Jesus, not to encourage any insurrec- tionary movement. In that day, and for the population of that land, it was needful and right to submit to the Roman government. There could be no question, if this were so, about the lawfulness of paying tribute. The Caesar who was God’s minis- ter for keeping order and repressing crime and faction could claim the tribute as his due. “Render therefore to Cassar what belongs to Cesar.” But there are other dues to render, Mark this, ye hypocrites, who are seeking to slay God’s prophet because he speaks the truth to you. “Render 7 God what belongs to God.” And what then were those Pharisees and Hero- dians to think of as belonging to God? You will perceive that at all events the claims of ecclesiastical as distinct from civil authority are foreign to the occasion, There is no question here about the authority of the priests or of the council. The one question had been, Ought we children of Abraham to pay tribute to a heathen conqueror ? Yes,-pay it, said Jesus, so long as it is God’s just judgment on your fathers and you that you should CZSAR AND GOD. 207 be his conquered subjects, Render to Cesar his dues; and render to God his dues. Primarily, perhaps, this last command should be associated with our Lord’s rebuke to the trea- cherous falseness of his questioners. They knew in their consciences that in cherishing this mind they were defrauding the God of truth and right- eousness of the homage which was his due. He required truth in the inward parts. He required of them to do justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with him. The demand, Render to God what belongs to God, was well aimed at the conscience of the Pharisee. As soon as he began to ask himself, What then does God require of us ? answers would not be wanting. He could not stop till he had confessed that he had Azmself to render to God, his possessions, his powers, his heart. And then perhaps it might occur to him there was an apt symbolism in the coin and its image and superscription. Was there anything in hime- self answering to that coin? Yes, he too bore an image stamped upon him, It was the faith handed down to him, that God made man in his own image. If Cesar claimed the coin with his image upon it, so God claimed the man with /zs image upon him. Nay, the children of the covenant bore ot 208 CESAR AND GOD. a superscription also, in the sign of the covenant, which legibly declared them to belong to their God. Render to God his dues, you that have given yourselves to be children of the spirit of lies and hatred: render to the righteous God what bears his image and superscription,—your own nature, made in the Divine image, having the Divine name and the call of the covenant written upon it. It may be open to question whether this sym- bolism was in our Lord’s primary meaning. It is enough to say that Jesus, penetrating with his Divine indignation to the conscience of the Phari- sees, bade them consider what they owed to God, and how they were paying the debt. Most cer- tainly it was not a part of themselves, not one province of life, which they owed to God, whilst the rest was teserved for Cesar. If God could claim anything, he claimed the whole man, body, soul, and spirit. In paying tribute to Cesar, they were rendering to God himself a part of his claim. This, as you will remember, is St Paul’s doctrine. “For this cause ye pay tribute also; for rulers are God’s ministers, attending continually upon this very thing.” So that loyalty to rulers is compre- hended in duty to God, and servants of God must be loyal subjects for conscience’s sake. CZSAR AND GOD. 209 Let us, Christian brethren, find a lesson in the rebuke and warning addressed to those hypocrites. The truth of it is not for them only. It turns the payment of earthly dues into a witness to our heavenly obligation. As you pay your tax loyally to the earthly government which, however imper- fect, gives you benefits worth far more than your contribution, consider also the heavenly govern- ment under which you live, and what it requires of you. Render to God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, what he claims of you. Are you not his? Were you not bought with a price? Have you not been sealed in your baptism with his Name? You bear God’s image and superscription, you have no right to withhold yourselves from God. Render yourselves up to him, in sincerity, in trust, in loving obedience. You will not allow, I hope, this Seda parable to be displaced in your minds by that unfortunate misapprehension which takes Cesar, the name of an alien despot, to represent civil government, which assumes that God is another name for an ecclesiastical assembly, and which implies that the civil ruler and God are two coordinate and inde- pendent powers. But when the relations of Church and State are occupying our minds, and troubling Ds. 8; 14 210 CESAR AND GOD. them, perhaps, as a perplexing problem, you may go on to ask, “If there is nothing in this passage which lays down any law about those relations, in what other parts of the New Testament shall we find maxims that will guide us either in making claims for the State or in asserting the independ- ence of the Church?” I believe we should look in yain for such maxims. Precepts are given in the New Testament with reference to the actual cir- cumstances of those to whom they are addressed ; and the circumstances of the New Testament Christians were extremely different from ours. They formed little new aggressive communities in the midst of a vast pagan empire; they were happy if they could escape persecution ; their policy was to be as submissive and loyal as it was possible for them to be without denying Christ, and to avoid every needless occasion of offence, whilst they lived a secret life of their own, in which those around them could have no part. The wonder is that the Roman authorities are treated with so much respect in the Epistles, that St Paul, with a Caligula and a Nero in his mind, could say, “the powers that be are ordained of God.” But itis obvious that the rules of conduct adjusted to the circumstances of the Christian Church in the first CHASAR AND GOD. 205 century could hardly suit our circumstances in the Christian England of to-day. Indeed it must soon become clear to any who look back to history or abroad upon the world, that the relations between the Church and the State must vary with the cir- cumstances of each time and country. At one extreme you may see one Christian Communion comprehending all the inhabitants of a country; at the other you may see a nation split up into a number of separate religious bodies of which none can claim undisputed precedence. In either of these cases the policy to be adopted would be comparatively simple, determined without contro- versy by the facts themselves.. We in England have a much more complex state of things to deal with, and we have great need to ask for wisdom and grace to guide us in right action. We cannot shut our eyes to the fact that the majority of the people in Scotland are Presbyterians, in Ireland are Roman Catholics, and that in England and Wales we have a most powerful minority of Non- conformists. The two questions will inevitably arise, Is it fair that the Church of England should be preserved as the public Church of so mixed a population? Is it fair that the Church of England should be regulated by a Parliament representing 14—2 ee ee a ea 212 CESAR AND GOD. eo that mixed population? On the one hand there is the possibility of injustice to the people; on the other hand there is the possibility of injustice to the Church. I repeat it, there are no propositions in the New Testament which can be made to serve, without forcing, as answers to these questions. We can only look for guidance to God himself teaching us through the facts of history and through the inspirations of his justice and love. But the God to whom we look is the God of the New Testament, he who spoke to mankind in his Son Jesus Christ, he who began the building of the Church upon his Son through his holy Apo- stles and Prophets. We know that this our God claims earth for himself as well as heaven, that he leaves out no province of secular life from his dominion, that he taught the faithful to look for- ward to the future glory when the kingdoms of this world should become the kingdoms of our Lord and of his Christ. We know that there is nothing ungodly in civil government, no necessary godliness in religious assemblies. After Jesus had justified the payment of tribute to Cesar, Cesar through his officer put the Lord of glory to an unjust and cruel death. But those that delivered Jesus to Pilate had the greater sin, and they were CHASAR AND GOD. 213 God’s priests, who offered God’s sacrifices in God's Temple. The State may be in the wrong, and the Church may be in the wrong; and both are likely to miss the more excellent way when their repre- sentatives boast of their rights and substitute arrogance for docility. Above the State and above the Church there is the one God over all, by whom kings reign and Parliaments legislate, by whose Spirit the whole body of the Church is governed and sanctified. In looking to him we shall see light, in surrendering ourselves to him, Church and nation, societies and individuals, we shall find safety and blessedness. XV. COMPETITION AND SELF-SURRENDER}. PHILIPPIANS II. 3, 4.—‘‘Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves. Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others.” LIKE all our English institutions, our great schools are being constantly brought under the criticism of the public opinion of the day. It is no unfriendly criticism, certainly, for we are all proud of our public schools, the like of which are not to be found in any other land; and there can hardly be an Englishman of the middle and upper classes who has not personal reasons for being interested in one or more of them. In the newspapers and in conversation, schools and school life are always a welcome subject of discussion. But when this anniversary brings you together in the place of your common worship, it is the office of the 1 Preached in the Chapel of Marlborough College on Michaelmas Day, 1874. eee ee eS ee COMPETITION AND SELF-SURRENDER. 215 etre ack a eee pe a preacher to remind you that schools like this are not only English but Christian schools. You have another judgment to think of than that of your countrymen ; a standard to aim at which is not set by the tradition of English schools or by the best modern culture. Your presence here confesses that you are under law to Christ. I am thankful that in these days we are not permitted to hold our Christianity lazily separate from our practical life. The keen and anxious spirit of inquiry which is abroad forbids it. It probes hollow profession, asking eagerly, “‘ What is the Christianity you profess? Will it stand, will it live and work, in this modern age? Are you really acting upon it in the strain of life, or is your scheme of conduct framed according to other principles?” It is good for us, though it may be at the cost of pain and disturbance, to be thus called to account. We may well regard anything as a boon, which forces our faith and our life into closer contact, and which will help us to know the glory and power and hope of our calling. Speaking then as a Christian to Christians, I shall ask you to-day to consider one very con- spicuous feature of education as it is now, and to bring it honestly into comparison with a great law 216 COMPETITION AND SELF-SURRENDER. of our Christian calling. There is an apparent discord between the two, to which we ought not to be insensible. The principle of Competition has been introduced into every part of our edu- cational system, and is impressed upon it be- yond all former precedent; Suppression of self is the Christian principle to which it seems to be. opposed.. The age is exhorting you, “Strive incessantly in all things to be foremost;” the voice of Christ says to you, “ Follow me, in lowli- ness and self-sacrifice; many that are first shall be last and the last first.’ Let us consider how far, and under what conditions, competition may be approved by those who would conform them- selves sincerely, however imperfectly, to the mind of Christ. Competition is no new thing in education, any more than in the business of life. Teachers have at all times endeavoured to stimulate their pupils by appealing to the desire of each to outdo his fellows. “Always to excel and to be superior to others” has been the motto of the trainers of youth in every generation. But there zs something new in the prodigious development of the system and. machinery of competition which has taken place within my own memory. From infancy upwards, jiu) ee an COMPETITION AND SELF-SURRENDER. 2137 boy is matched against boy, young man against young man, in every department of effort. Leta youth look before him along what line he will, he sees a prize tempting him. If he can beat his competitors, he may carry off something desirable, an honorary distinction, a book, an exhibition, a scholarship, an appointment for life. There never was anything like it before. Keen eyes seem to be perpetually ranging over the whole compass of human activity, in the hope of discovering some form of exertion to which prizes have not yet been offered, so that one more department, however insignificant or incongruous, may be added to the domain of formal competition. Nor is it only in serious pursuits that registered success is thus made the object of effort. It is so at least equally in games. Sports are pursued, not so much from love of the occupation or for the sake of refresh- ment from labour, as with a view to beating com- petitors. Cricket, one might fear, would lose half its charm, if scores were not kept and published. As in horse-racing no one thinks of the enjoyment of the sport by the horses, so in boating the pleasure of the exercise is completely subordinated to the necessity of coming in first. The shooter, I believe, is hardly less solicitous about the number 218 COMPETITION AND SELF-SURRENDER. of the lives he takes than the cricketer about his score. The climbing of mountains became a pas- sion when it was made a form of racing as to height and time. That predominance of bodily exercise against which all educated good sense is now beginning to protest, and which will have to be in some way checked, is manifestly due, not to imitation of the Greeks or to theories of the moral value of muscular exertion, but to the fact that the honours and prizes which youths desire are to be won by athletics and boating and cricket. I speak the more freely, perhaps, because it is not my purpose to denounce this all-subduing system of competition. It would be a serious at- tempt, indeed, to assail it—one not to be under- taken with a light heart. Besides, I know not who could commence the attack with clean hands. No one thinks it a sin to accept the benefits of com- petition when they come in his way. Nor can any one easily resist the evidence of the good done by the stimulation of rivalry for prizes, in the pro- motion of really beneficial effort. This seems to me so unquestionable, that I should have no more scruple than others have in offering prizes and inviting the young or grown-up persons to compete for them, as, for example, with the aim of extend- COMPETITION AND SELF-SURRENDER. 219 ing certain advantages to a poorer class. We may all justly lay on each other some share of responsi- bility for the system which has become so dominant in the England of our day. But now let us recall to mind that we are Christians. It is true that even from the Christian point of view our calling has been described in terms borrowed from the splendid games of ancient Greece. We are reminded that we have a race to run, that we are engaged in a contest which demands all our energy. He-whom we follow is said to have kept his prize in view. In looking to Jesus, we look to one who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame. But what was the joy set before him? That of saving his brethren. Nothing exclusive, nothing that could feed selfish pride or vanity. The mind that was in Christ Jesus was shewn in the emptying of self, in voluntary descent and humiliation. The Apostle says to us Christians, “Let this mind be in you.” He proposes to us the glory of caring for others more than for ourselves, of putting self back, of willingly relinquishing the objects of human desire whenever the great end of building up the body in harmony and efficiency may thereby be promoted. It is because this suppression 220 COMPETITION AND SELF-SURRENDER. and sacrifice of self is so difficult to us that the language of the arena is applied to it. It is so natural to love pre-eminence, to love praise, to love pleasant and precious things, that we are reminded of the necessity of struggling against these desires as the wrestler struggled against his antagonist. To look round on our neighbours and say, “Here are competitors to be beaten,” is to know them after the flesh; to know them after the spirit or after Christ is to say “Here are brothers to be served and helped.” Those that would be Chris- tians have the law of self-surrender unmistakably declared to them, the joy of ministration and sym- pathy and of pleasing the Father unmistakably held out to them as their prize. What then is the attitude which we ought to take as loyal Christians towards the method which stimulates exertion by offering prizes to those who outstrip their fellows ? _ Let me endeavour to give some partial answer to this important question, in reflections which I hope may be practical for you who hear me. 1. I have intimated already that I do not think we are called upon, as a Christian community, to abolish the whole system of competition. We can see that it has certain good effects. These are ee ee ee COMPETITION AND SELF-SURRENDER. 22% entitled to fair consideration. It is unlikely that a practice out of which good comes should be itself intrinsically and necessarily evil. We are warranted in taking into account all the bearings of the question. We are at liberty to inquire, with our best judgment, whether the system of compe- tition does on the whole more good or harm. We must not rashly assume that if it were removed its place would instantly be taken by ideally perfect motives. Suppose, for example, that every prize and comparison of one boy with another were abolished in this school, and that no competition remained in either mental or bodily exercises; you would probably find school work and school life considerably flatter, and we have no reason to believe that by this simple process they would be made nobler or more Christian. Dullness and inertia form no natural soil for the highest qualities to grow in. Experience and analogy seem to prove that competition is an appointed condition of the merely natural order throughout all human exist- ence. The struggle for the first place does not lose its usefulness until it is absorbed into higher motives. Some day, possibly, we may grow out of the competition of buying and selling ; but if we ever issue from it, it must be by growing out of 222 COMPETITION AND SELF-SURRENDER. it; we cannot decree that there shall be no compe- tition. Nature would baffle us, and in attempting to accomplish our desire we should find ourselves throwing away a convenient and indispensable force without being able to put another in its place. So it is with regard to the play of competition in educational training. It is right, let us say, to re- cognize and to use it. We want very much any agency that promises to promote life and activity, if it is not an incurably unwholesome one. We want some means of selection also, in which the community can place confidence. And on the whole the plan of getting boys to exert themselves by inducing them to try to beat one another is found in practice to work better than that of leaving them without this stimulus, 2. But if we recognize and use competition as a natural—and therefore in a proper sense Divinely ordained—condition of human life, we are bound to take care that it does not usurp an undue pre- dominance over the life of Christians. There are things which we are to use without abusing them, which we are to use as instruments without allow- ing them to become our masters, And it will hardly be questioned,—in a vigorous school like this any more than in the outside world COMPETITION AND SELF-SURRENDER. 223 that we are in danger of having our minds too much engaged and possessed by incessant emula- tion, by incessant comparison of the producible work of one with that of another, by incessant anxiety to gain distinctions. It is not desirable, or at all events not the most desirable character- istic, in a boy-community, that the most energetic should be taught and compelled to be always thinking of gaining competitive victories. I gladly admit that the particular evil which would have been feared beforehand, that of spoiling goodwill and friendship between rivals, does not appear to have been produced in any painful amount by competition. I have no doubt it has been proved here, as it certainly has been elsewhere, that spirited competitors may be hearty and affectionate friends.
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https://openalex.org/W2088822037
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OpenAlex
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Open Science
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Public Domain
| 1,911 |
Remarks on Dr. Morton Prince's article: " The mechanism and interpretation of dreams".
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Ernest Jones
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English
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Spoken
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REMARKS ON DR. MORTON PRINCE'S ARTICLE:
"THE MECHANISM AND INTERPRETATION OF
DREAMS" BY ERNEST JONES, M.D., M.R.C.P. (LOND.) 1. Fere.
Note sur un cas de paraplegie hysterique consecutive a un reve.
C. R. Soc. de Biol., Nov., 1886. Nr. 41. A contribution to the pathologj' of
dreams, etc., Brain, 1887. Vol. IX, p. 488. 2. See, for instance, De Messieres
Les reves chez les hysteriques.
These de
Bordeaux, 1895. 5.
Ernest Jones.
Der \achtmar in der Mythologie und in der Geschichte,
1911. 8.
Erythrophobia, as distinguished from ereutophobia, the fear of blush-
ing, to which this term is sometimes incorrectly applied. 4.
See A. A. Brill.
Dreams and Their Relation to the Neurosis.
New York
Med. Journ., April 23, 1910. 3. Waterman, Dreams as a Cause of Symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psy-
chology, October-November, 1910. Vol. v, p. 196. 6.
For a definition of this term see Ernest Jones.
Psychol. Bull., April,
1910, p. 111. p
7. Freud.
Traumdeutung.
2° Aufl., 1909, S 175. Associate in Psychiatry, University of Toronto T T
O members of the Freudian school Dr. Prince's
article on dreams must prove a source of especial
interest and, in several respects, of considerable
gratification. In the first place Dr. Prince is to
be felicitated on being of those who do not share Freud's
views, the first to make a sincere attempt impartially to
appraise them from the outside, and to compare Freud's
results with those obtained by other methods. In the
second place he has been able by these methods to confirm
a part, and by no means the least important part, of Freud's
theory of dreams. The fact that he has so far failed to con-
firm other fundamental parts of this theory would in itself
call for no comment from any psycho-analyst, and the only
reasons why the following remarks seem to me both desirable
and necessary are these: The article purports to set forth
an investigation of dreams undertaken by means of Freud's
own (psycho-analytic) method, and this, coming from a man
of Dr. Prince's authoritative standing in clinical psycho-
logy, will naturally tend to create the impression that Freud's
conclusions have been adequately and fairly tested, and
found wanting. As, however, the evidence that the inves-
tigation was largely vitiated by certain deficiencies and mis-
understandings, some of which will presently be mentioned,
is so apparent to any psycho-analyst, it becomes necessary
to protest against such an assumption, the more so as there
is every reason to believe that Dr. Prince would be the last
to acquiesce in an injustice being done to Professor Freud
through a false impression having been unintentionally
created. 328 329 The Journal of Abnormal Psychology The Journal of Abnormal Psychology Shortly put, the conclusions of Dr. Prince's study are as
follows: He agrees with Freud (1) that dreams have a psy-
chical history, and that the manifest dream content as
related is connected with underlying dream thoughts that
can be discovered only through special investigation; (2) that
these dream thoughts are egocentric, i.e.,'are concerned with
important and characteristic mental processes of great
significance to the subject; (3) that they are often uncon-
scious, i.e., are neither present in the subject's waking con-
sciousness, nor accessible to introspection; (4) that they
are not disordered and haphazard, but have an intelligible
meaning; (5) that the manifest dream content is a symbolic,
usually visual, representation of the underlying dream
thoughts. He essentially differs from Freud in not being
able to find (6) that the underlying dream thoughts are of
an unacceptable nature and have been "repressed"; (7)
that they always express the fulfilment of a wish; (8) that
there is a resistance due to censoring thoughts which inter-
poses an obstacle to the subject becoming aware of them. "We do find a symbolism which is a perfectly clear and simple
representation of previous openly avowed ideas (wishes,
fears, etc.), which were not only entertained without re-
straint, but which dominated the mental life of the dreamer"
(p. 173). The question of the relation of the dream thoughts
to infantile sexuality is not mentioned, but one is safe in
inferring that it would have been answered in the negative. 330 The Journal of Abnormal Psychology First, as to the material of the investigation there is
something to be said from the point of view of both its
quantity and quality. Dr. Prince (p. 157) states that he
has studied "about a dozen or more" dreams; even of these
only some were studied by means of what Dr. Prince calls
psycho-analysis, but which for reasons which presently will
be mentioned I must call the method of distraction. Now
that it is thoroughly well known to every psycho-analyst
that no one succeeds in making more than a most elementary
analysis in the first attempts, so that it is not at all sur-
prising that Dr. Prince has not succeeded in confirming all
Freud's conclusions in this preliminary investigation. The Journal of Abnormal Psychology Freud
himself studied by means of the psycho-analytic method over
a thousand dreams before he wrote a word on the subject,
and since then he and others have investigated by this
method over fifty times that number, with uniformly con-
sistent results. In view of these facts, Dr. Prince's com-
plaint of the inadequacy of Freud's data (p. 151) comes a
little strange. Then, again, the choice of the subject whose
dreams were studied was in some important respects un-
fortunate. From previously reported accounts of her case
one gathers that she is an unusually intelligent and well-
educated lady, having a great interest in psychology, but
that she had suffered from a dissociation of personality due
to a severe hysteria which has never been treated by psycho-
analysis. Personally I have been able to study only two
cases of multiple personality, neither so complete as this,
but from this study, from a reading acquaintance with all the
published cases of the kind, and from my general knowledge
of simpler hysterical cases I feel justified in making the
following statement, with which I expect hardly any psycho-
pathologist, and certainly no psycho-analyst, will disagree. Though such cases are highly instructive and are well
adapted for certain kinds of observations, they are exceed-
ingly difficult cases fully to unravel the psychogenesis of,
and this for the following simple reason: When a complete
psycho-analysis of even a single trivial symptom is made it
is found that the unconscious determining factors are far
more extensive and elaborate than might have been ex-
pected, the symptom being a highly condensed symbol for Remarks on Dr. Morton Prince's Article 331 a large group of underlying mental processes; when the symp-
tom itself is an elaborate one, still more when it amounts
to a splitting of the whole personality, the disaggregated
processes constitute such a huge section of the mind and
form such a colossal mass of material as to make the pene-
trating, unravelling, and ordering of them a most formidable
task. In such cases, further, the resistance to a proper
analysis must be almost insuperable, for the patient is asked
to surrender not a relatively unimportant part of his sexual
life, for so one conceives hysterical symptoms, but the main
constituents of this. We come next to the question of method, a vital one,
for Dr. The Journal of Abnormal Psychology Prince states that "even by a conscientious use of
the Freud method of analysis" (p. 177) he was unable to
confirm Freud's conclusions. Now I would formally deny
that there is in Dr. Prince's article any evidence that he
employed psycho-analysis at all, and to any one familiar with
this method there is the strongest positive evidence that he
did not. In his description of psycho-analysis (pp. 142, 144,
etc.), the only procedure he mentions is that the patient
was put into a quiet state (distraction), and told to supply
free associations from various themes. It is true that this
i s one, and an important one, of the sources of the material
from which a psycho-analysis is made, but, if it constituted
the whole procedure, then, evidently, acquiring the method
would be a very simple matter. In fact, however, psycho-
analysis is a much more elaborate procedure, and I have
space here to mention only two of the other important steps. When free, unforced associations are made the patient
inevitably comes sooner or later to an obstacle in the com-
municating of them, and this is termed a resistance. The
external evidences of this obstacle are numerous, but many
of them can easily be overlooked before one learns to appre-
ciate their significance; such are a halting, a blocking in
the flow of thoughts, signs of emotional disturbance, a pause
followed by an inexplicable change of the theme, the latter
being due to the patient disobeying instructions and re-
suming a voluntary guidance of the direction of his thought,
and so on. It has further to be noted that the patient is
often unaware of any direct unwillingness to communicate The Journal of Abnormal Psychology 332 the thought that has been kept back. A most important
part of the technique of psycho-analysis consists in learning
to divine the nature and source of each particular resistance
as it arises, thus enabling the patient to overcome it and to
proceed with the analysis. Secondly, an integral part of the
method is the art of interpretation, of learning how, when,
and what to interpret, and how to know whether a given
interpretation is correct or not. A false interpretation is
soon objectively proved to be so, while a correct one receives
ample confirmation and proof. 9. Imightsay that the associations to these two words filled some twentypages' The Journal of Abnormal Psychology I need not go further into
this matter of psycho-analytic technique, but I think enough
has been said to show that of the most integral stages one
finds no trace in Dr. Prince's paper. Indeed, although an
essential preliminary to the analysis is the gradual and often
very difficult overcoming of innumerable resistances, Dr. Prince repeatedly says (pp. 173, 177, etc.) that he never en-
countered any resistance. This I can only explain as a
misunderstanding of terms, for if the underlying thoughts
were only accessible in the hypnotic state, that is only an-
other way of saying that there was a difficulty in their reach-
ing consciousness in the waking state, i.e., there was a re-
sistance to their becoming conscious; surely Dr. Prince can-
not be taking the term in the narrow sense of a voluntary,
conscious opposition ? Resistance is one of the most readily
experienced of processes; in the dreams related it would be
easy to select a dozen words which one could guarantee to
evoke an early resistance, provided, of course, that all critical
selection and judgment were really suspended. Once it is realized that no psycho-analysis of the dreams
was performed a number of questions answer themselves. Dr. Prince's curious finding (pp. 143, 144, 146, etc.), that
many forgotten memories could be recovered by hypnotism,
but not by Freud's method, is thus easily explained. It is
well known to every one who has used both methods that
far deeper memories can be recovered by psycho-analysis
than by hypnotism, a fact which was one of the main reasons
why Freud long ago abandoned the use of the latter. Dr. Prince agrees with Freud that in relation to dreams
three sets of mental processes can be distinguished: (9) 9. Imightsay that the associations to these two words filled some twentypages' Remarks on Dr. Morton Prince's Article 333 the manifest content, or the dream as directly related; (10)
the dream material, or memories, usually recent, which
serve in the construction of the dream, and (11) the latent
content, or dream thoughts, which reveal the ultimate
cause and meaning of the dream. In the progressive stages
of the analysis one proceeds in this order, and thus pene-
trates through deeper and deeper layers of memory until the
whole structure of the memory is laid bare. * Ferrero.
Les lois psychologiques du symbolisme.
1895, p. 100. 10. It is not necessary here to discuss the question of somatic excitations during
sleep, for since Freud's work it is not probable that anyone will maintain that these
are ever the whole cause of any dream.
11. A recent communication by Kreist to the Societe de Psychologie (Journ.
de •psychol. norm, et path., 1910, p. 252) contains a singular illustration of the pre-
vailing tendency to be satisfied with the first steps of a psychological analysis. A
certain married couple were continually in dispute, and a divorce was talked of.
The husband, as is usual, under such circumstances, recognized in himself an alter-
nation of antipathy and tenderness. There was no apparent cause for the dis-
harmony.
Kreist hypnotized the husband, and found that his antipathy to his
wife dated from a given dream, which had been previously forgotten.
According
to Kreist the whole trouble was due to this dream (!), and peace was restored as
soon as the husband learned the trivial cause of it.
It would be interesting to
know the later history of this touching episode. 10. It is not necessary here to discuss the question of somatic excitations during
sleep, for since Freud's work it is not probable that anyone will maintain that these
are ever the whole cause of any dream. The Journal of Abnormal Psychology It is easy,
however, to halt at any step in the analysis, to call the mate-
rial already collected the latent content, and to designate
the varying characteristics of this material (fear, wish, etc.)
as the essential attitudes in the formation of the dream. Ferrero has happily termed this procedure an arret mental
and writes in reference to it:* "C'est une loi psychique que,
dans la serie des phenomenes a laquelle un autre phenomene
est lie par une loi de causalite, la pensee humaine s'arrete
aux phenomenes qui produisent des sensations et qui se
revelent directement a nos sens, negligeant ceux dont la
presence ne peut etre calculee que par la reflexion et la com-
paraison. C'est un vrai defaut de l'intelligence humaine,
un defaut organique, auquel la logique ideale tache de
remedier, en etudiant differentes methodes de correction."
It was the tireless energy of Freud that enabled him to over-
come this natural human impediment, and to pursue his pene-
trating investigations through the shifting early stages of
his analyses until he reached a solid vantage ground. Now The Journal oj Abnormal Psychology 334 the material that Dr. Prince offers as the result of his studies,
and which he terms the latent content of the dreams, is of a
kind that every psycho-analyst will recognize as belonging to
the first stages of any investigation into the sources of dreams,
but which is quite unlike the latent content as revealed by
psycho-analysis. It is therefore entirely comprehensible that
it does not show the characteristics (repression, conflict,
etc.) which Freud finds in the true latent content. I can
only assure Dr. Prince that the dreams as related, and still
more the associations he records in connection with them,
give a psycho-analyst every hint that more significant mental
processes would have been reached had the investigation
been carried deeper, and the full expectation that they
would display the same characteristics that one finds in all
other dreams. Incidentally, it is desirable to rectify a few other mis-
apprehensions which otherwise would serve to obstruct the
path to that scientific accord that we all hope will ulti-
mately obtain in regard to these problems. Dr. * See, for instance, the analogies drawn by Brill between
dreams and psychoneurotic symptoms. "Dreams and Their
Relation to the Neuroses."
New York Med. Journal, April 23,
1910. The Journal of Abnormal Psychology Prince
agrees that the dreams, at all events in part, were allegorical
representations of thoughts which could only be discovered
in hypnosis, and not in the waking state, but goes on to
assert that he found no indication of "disguise" in the
dreams. Well, all that one means by disguised thoughts is
the allegorical representation in consciousness of thoughts
not accessible to introspection, in other words just what
Dr. Prince records. He further states (p. 186) that "it is
preposterous logic to assume that the hallucinatory words,
'Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?' were a disguisement
of the true thought. . . . Yet this interpretation would be
required by this hypothetical mechanism of Freud."
I
gravely doubt whether any one is in possession of sufficient
evidence to dogmatize about the significance of St. Paul's
alleged experiences, but with the delusions of patients who
ascribe to imaginary external figures thoughts that arose in
their own mind it is hard to avoid the conclusion that the
true state of their own mental processes is disguised from
their consciousness, and sometimes very seriously so. We
must all agree with Dr. Prince in his demand that the study
of dreams should not be divorced from other, and especially Remarks on Dr. Morton Prince's Article 335 from psychopathological processes. It was one of Freud's
triumphs to have evolved from the facts generalizations that
are equally applicable to the most diverse regions of mental
functioning.* A typical example is the parallel he has drawn
between dream "regression" and hallucinations, in a theory
of the latter that resumes the facts more completely than
any other that has yet been produced, and the basis of which
has been amply confirmed by Jung and others in hysteria
and in different forms of insanity. Another instance is
Freud's theory of amnesia, which applies as well to the
massive disaggregation sometimes seen in hysteria as to the
amnesia for dreams or for so many of everyday life experi-
ences. When Dr. Prince says (p. 178) "Nor can I accept
the view that the amnesia following the dream differs in
principle from that so commonly observed for dissociated
states in general," all I can say is that he is not asked to. The Journal of Abnormal Psychology His misapprehension here probably arises from the non-
realization that frequently the repression of dissociated
mental processes is not due to the inherently unacceptable
nature of these, but is secondary to their becoming asso-
ciated with deeper unconscious processes of an unaccep-
table kind. When he further states (p. 187) that Freud's
mechanism of secondary elaboration "was easily to be
recognized" in the dreams I would -remind him that this
secondary elaboration is the "disguise produced by the
censor," the existence of which he elsewhere energetically
denies. In drawing analogies between different pheno-
mena, however, one has to be careful to see that they are
truly comparable. In discussing, for instance, the signi-
ficance of symbolism in general, a highly interesting and
important topic, Dr. Prince gives several examples (pp. 181, 183) which, strictly speaking, are not of symbolisms at
all. A symbol, or sign, is an indicator for some group of
mental processes, and is therefore necessarily an abbre-
viation. It is hardly correct to designate as symbolism, in
* See for instance the analogies drawn by Brill between from psychopathological processes. It was one of Freud's
triumphs to have evolved from the facts generalizations that
are equally applicable to the most diverse regions of mental
functioning.* A typical example is the parallel he has drawn
between dream "regression" and hallucinations, in a theory
of the latter that resumes the facts more completely than
any other that has yet been produced, and the basis of which
has been amply confirmed by Jung and others in hysteria
and in different forms of insanity. Another instance is
Freud's theory of amnesia, which applies as well to the
massive disaggregation sometimes seen in hysteria as to the
amnesia for dreams or for so many of everyday life experi-
ences. When Dr. Prince says (p. 178) "Nor can I accept
the view that the amnesia following the dream differs in
principle from that so commonly observed for dissociated
states in general," all I can say is that he is not asked to. His misapprehension here probably arises from the non-
realization that frequently the repression of dissociated
mental processes is not due to the inherently unacceptable
nature of these, but is secondary to their becoming asso-
ciated with deeper unconscious processes of an unaccep-
table kind. When he further states (p. *See some remarks on this point: "Freud's Theory of Dreams."
A met. Jour, of PsychoL, April, 1910, p. 284. The Journal of Abnormal Psychology 187) that Freud's
mechanism of secondary elaboration "was easily to be
recognized" in the dreams I would -remind him that this
secondary elaboration is the "disguise produced by the
censor," the existence of which he elsewhere energetically
denies. In drawing analogies between different pheno-
mena, however, one has to be careful to see that they are
truly comparable. In discussing, for instance, the signi-
ficance of symbolism in general, a highly interesting and
important topic, Dr. Prince gives several examples (pp. 181, 183) which, strictly speaking, are not of symbolisms at
all. A symbol, or sign, is an indicator for some group of
mental processes, and is therefore necessarily an abbre-
viation. It is hardly correct to designate as symbolism, in The Journal of Abnormal Psychology 336 the way that is sometimes done, the mere substitutes of
one set of sensorial impressions for another (p. 181). How
one mental process may have a double meaning, and thus
be a true symbol, Dr. Prince excellently illustrates (p. 157). This is the reason why the manifest content of dreams
represents, as he points out (p. 153), a much larger group of
associated
underlying
mental
processes. Lastly,
Dr. Prince's statement (p. 188), that in none of the dreams can
he find the mechanism of displacement, must certainly be
due to a misapprehension of the sense in which psycho-analysts
use this term {Ferschiebung), for in all the dreams he re-
lates it is visible to the naked eye. Displacement, which
is one of the very commonest of mental mechanisms, denotes
the investment of an idea with a given affect that originally
belonged to another idea. In Dream 2, the investment of
the idea of a rocky path with the feelings of difficulty and
hardship which the patient had previously experienced in
regard to the idea of life, and in Dream 1, the multiple
shifting of the temptations of life from one person to another,
are excellent illustrations of displacement. In conclusion, I can only say that Dr. Prince's paper,
interesting and welcome as it is, in no way invalidates my
previous statement* that up to the present no one who has
taken the trouble to acquire the psycho-analytic method has
failed to confirm Freud's theory in all essential particulars.
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baldachinbekrönter Reliefaufsatz mit Marienkrönung, auf Pfeiler mit Heiligenreliefs, über Sockel mit Inschriftenkartusche, bezeichnet 1798
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US-90434601-A_1
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USPTO
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Open Government
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English
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Spoken
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Container holder that utilizes moldline structures
ABSTRACT
A container holder for receiving and securing a container is provided. In a preferred embodiment, the container holder comprises a base surface, at least one moldline structure unit, and a sensor. The sensor detects the presence of the container in the holder and induces deformation in the moldline structure unit such that the container is secured in the holder.
REFERENCE TO PREVIOUS APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of United States Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/218,493 filed on Jul. 14, 2000.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to the field of container holders. More particularly, the present invention relates to container holders for use in motor vehicles.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Continuous moldline technology provides a continuous, smooth surface that can deform or stretch in a selective manner. This technology has been used in aircraft surfaces to reduce turbulence and drag due to gaps and discontinuities that arise in aircraft control surfaces upon movement of the surface. Individual moldline structure units provide distinct flexible surfaces that can be selectively activated to deform.
[0004] Motor vehicles frequently contain container holders that allow an occupant of the vehicle to secure a container, such as a beverage container, while the vehicle is in motion. A variety of these container holders have been proposed, but problems remain in the art. For example, due to their rigid structure, some molded container holders accept only containers of a specific size or range of sizes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention provides a container holder that is able to receive and secure a wide variety of container sizes and configurations by utilizing an active grasping system enabled by moldline units. The container holder incorporates one or more moldline structure units that deform to a point at which the container is secured. In a preferred embodiment, a container holder according to the present invention comprises a base for supporting the container, one or more moldline structure units that have flexible rods that can deform to a point at which an inserted container can be secured, and a sensor that detects the presence of a container on the base and activates an actuator of the moldline structure(s). The flexible rods of the moldline structure units can be adapted to heat and/or cool a container in the container holder.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006]FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a moldline structure unit for incorporation into a container holder according to the present invention.
[0007]FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of a container holder in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
[0008]FIG. 2A illustrates a container holder in a relaxed, or non-activated configuration, and
[0009]FIG. 2B illustrates a container holder in an activated configuration.
[0010]FIG. 3 presents a cross-sectional view of the container holder illustrated in FIG. 2.
[0011]FIG. 3A represents a cross-section taken along line 3A-3A in FIG. 2A, and
[0012]FIG. 3B represents a cross-section taken along line 3B-3B in FIG. 2B.
[0013]FIG. 4 illustrates a top view of a container holder in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
[0014]FIG. 4A illustrates a container holder in a relaxed, or non-activated configuration, and
[0015]FIG. 4B illustrates a container holder in an activated configuration.
[0016]FIG. 5 presents a cross-sectional view of the container holder illustrated in FIG. 4.
[0017]FIG. 5A represents a cross-section taken along line 5A-5A in FIG. 4A, and
[0018]FIG. 5B represents a cross-section taken along line 5B-5B in FIG. 4B.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0019] The following description of preferred embodiments provide examples of the present invention. The embodiments discussed herein are merely exemplary in nature, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner. Rather, the description of these preferred embodiments serves to enable a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art to make and use the present invention.
[0020]FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a moldline structure unit 10 that can be utilized in the present invention. The unit 10 includes a base member 12, a guide member 14, and a flexible panel 16 extending between the base 12 and guide 14 members. One or more flexible rods 18 extend through the flexible panel 16 and into both the base 12 and guide 14 members. The base 12 and guide 14 members are preferably secured to a surface, such as a surface of a vehicle console.
[0021] The base member 12 preferably defines one or more openings 20 that receive and retain one end of the rods 18. In the base member 12, the openings 20 preferably retain the rods 18 such that the rod 18 cannot move within the opening 20. The rod 18 may be secured in the opening 20 by any of a variety of means, including an adhesive bond between the rod 18 and block 12, mechanical attachment, such as crimping or by way of a fastener, etc. Alternatively, the rod 18 can be secured to a face of the base member 12.
[0022] The guide member 14 defines openings 22 that provide a passageway 24 from a first face 26 to an opposing second face 28 of the member 14. Each opening 22 receives a second end of a rod 18 and allows the rod 18 to move freely through the passageway 24 Preferably, a free end of each rod 18 extends past the second edge 28 so that the flexible panel 16 can be deformed by passing a portion of the free end into the passageway 24, as will be developed more fully below.
[0023] The flexible panel 16 preferably comprises a flexible polymeric material that surrounds the portion of the rods 18 that lies between the end blocks 12, 14. Particularly preferable, the flexible panel 16 comprises an elastomeric material. Alternatively, the flexible panel can comprise any flexible material that is able to stretch or deform to a desired degree and return to its original form. The appropriate degree of ability to deform will depend on the application. For applications of the present invention, the flexible panel 16 is preferably capable of stretching to 150% of its normal length and still be able to return to its original length and form. Examples of suitable materials for use in the flexible panel of the present invention include rubber, silicones, silicone rubbers, polyurethanes, and flexible acrylics.
[0024] The flexible panel 16 defines one or more cavities 30 that receive the rods 18. Preferably, the flexible panel 16 defines one cavity 30 for each rod 18. Alternatively, the flexible panel may define a single, relatively large cavity that receives a plurality or all of the rods 18. The cavities 30 receive the rods 18 in a manner that allows the rods 18 to move within the cavities 30. That is, the flexible panel 16 is preferably able to slide over the rods 18, via the cavities 30, as the rods 18 are pushed or pulled into or out of the cavities 30.
[0025] The rods 18 are also flexible in nature. Preferably, the rods comprise a composite material that is sufficiently flexible to allow the flexible panel 16 to stretch to its full capacity. Also preferable, the rods 18 are able to bend and/or deform in a manner that confers a smooth, continuous shape to the flexible panel 16. Composite materials, such as carbon fiber and polymeric materials, provide the desired flexibility when acted upon by an external mechanical force, such as a pushing or pulling action, which will be developed more fully below. As an alternative to composite materials, the rods 18 can comprise any material that possesses the desired flexibility. Examples of suitable alternative materials for use in the rods of the present invention include aluminum, steel, and alloyed iron.
[0026] The rods 18 preferably comprise elongate, cylindrical shaped members that can be secured to the base member 12 and can be threaded through the passageway(s) 24 of the guide member 14 and the cavity(ies) 30 of the flexible panel 16. Alternatively, any other suitable shape, such as the flexible plates described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,810,291 to Geiger, et al., for a CONTINUOUS MOLDLINE TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, can be utilized. Also alternatively, a series of individual rods positioned in parallel or twisted together can be utilized. Of course, the shape of the passageway(s) 24 and cavity(ies) 30 is preferably complimentary to that of the rods 18 such that the desired flexibility can be achieved.
[0027] The unit 10 also preferably includes an actuator 32. The actuator 32 is a device capable of inducing stretching of the flexible panel 16 and the rods 18. The type of actuator used will depend on the nature of the rods 18. For example, a mechanical actuator can be utilized to push or pull the rods 18 such that the desired stretching is achieved. The actuator 32 preferably comprises a motor or other mechanical device. Particularly preferred, the actuator 32 is a motor having a cam 34 that can induce stretching in the rods 18. Alternatively, any other suitable actuator that can induce stretching can be utilized, such as actuators employing hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical means of inducing movement.
[0028] The actuator 32 can interact with the unit 10 to achieve the desired stretching in a variety of ways. For example, the actuator 32 can be attached to the free end of each rod 18 such that the actuator 32 can push or pull the rod 18 into or out of the passageways 24 and cavities 30. Alternatively, the cam 34 can be positioned such that it pushes or pulls the rod 18, either at the free end or at another location along its length, such that the rod 18 and flexible panel 16 stretch. Also, it is preferred that the actuator 32 be able to induce stretching in all rods present in the unit 10. Alternatively, the actuator 32 may induce stretching in only one rod, or a subset of rods.
[0029]FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a preferred embodiment of a cupholder 100 in accordance with the present invention. Like reference numbers in these figures refer to similar features and/or components illustrated in FIG. 1. In both FIGS. 2 and 3, panel A illustrates a cupholder in a relaxed, or non-activated configuration, while panel B illustrates a cupholder in an activated configuration. As used herein, activated refers to a state in which a moldline structure unit is stretched to a point at which it secures a container placed in the holder.
[0030] As illustrated in the figures, the cupholder 100 preferably incorporates two moldline units 110. The moldline units 110 preferably include a single flexible rod 118 and an actuator 132 connected at the free end of the rod 118 such that the desired stretching is induced by the actuator 132 pushing or pulling on the free end of the rod 118. Alternatively, as discussed above, the actuator 132 can interact with the unit 110 by pushing or pulling the rod 118 at another point along its length. Furthermore, the actuator 132 can further comprise a heating and/or cooling element capable of heating and/or cooling the rod and/or flexible panel. The use of this type of actuator is appropriate if a heating and/or cooling function is desired. It should be noted that the flexible panel 116 can be eliminated such that the rods 118 directly grasp the container 154
[0031] In addition to the moldline units 110, the cupholder 100 comprises a base 150 and a sensor 152. The base 150 provides a surface on which a beverage container 154 or other suitable object can be supported. Preferably, as illustrated in the figure, the base 150 comprises a lower surface of a recess 156 in a vehicle console 158, such as an instrument panel, arm rest, interior door panel, fold-down tray, or between-the-seats console. Alternatively, the base 150 can comprise any surface suitable for supporting the container 154 or object.
[0032] As shown in the figures, the console also preferably defines pockets 160 that house the moldline units 110. The pockets help to ensure that stretching of the rod 118 and flexible panel 116 occurs in only a single direction.
[0033] The sensor 152 is preferably capable of detecting the presence of an object on the base 150. Particularly preferable, the sensor 152 is a sensor capable of detecting the presence of typical beverage containers, such as aluminum cans, paper cups, and glass bottles, on the base 150. Suitable sensors include optical sensors that detect the presence of an object by disruption of a light path, and weight or mass sensors. Preferably, as illustrated in the figures, the sensor 152 comprises a weight or mass sensor that is positioned below the base 150 and detects the presence of container 154 by sensing the application of a mass to the base 150.
[0034] The sensor 152 is operably connected to the actuators 132 of the moldline units 110. As such, the sensor 152 triggers the actuator 132 to induce stretching of the rods 118 and flexible panel 116 upon detection of the presence of an object on the base 150. In a preferred embodiment, best illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the sensor 152 is connected to the actuators 132 such that, when the sensor 152 detects the presence of an object on the base 150, the actuators 132 induce stretching of the rods 118. Preferably, the stretching is directed toward the detected object, such as container 154, until sufficient resistance is detected. The stretching is preferably stopped at a point at which the container 154 is secured, i.e., preferably a point that allows easy removal and replacement of the container 154 while still providing support to the container 154 sufficient to avoid tipping.
[0035] As an alternative to the sensor, the container holder can include a mechanical or electrical activator, such as a button, slider control, or other activation device that allows an occupant of the vehicle to manually initiate stretching of the rods.
[0036] The moldline structure unit can be adapted to provide heating and/or cooling to the container in the holder. For example, the rods can be made of a resistive material that warms when an electrical current is sent through the rod. Alternatively, any suitable method or apparatus for heating or cooling the rods can be utilized.
[0037]FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. Again, in both figures, panel A illustrates a cupholder 200 in a relaxed, or non-activated configuration, while panel B illustrates the cupholder 200 in an activated configuration. Also, like reference numbers refer to similar features and/or components illustrated in the previous figures. This embodiment is similar to the preferred embodiment detailed above except as discussed below.
[0038] In this embodiment, the actuator 232 is connected to the rod 218 in a manner that allows the actuator 232 to induce stretching by pulling the rod 218. Furthermore, a single moldline unit 210 that encircles an area of the base 250 is used. As a consequence, upon pulling by the actuator 232, the circle formed by the unit 210 shrinks, and the container 254 is eventually secured by the unit 210.
[0039] While the illustrated embodiments demonstrate the use of one and two moldline units, it will be appreciated that any suitable number of moldline units can be incorporated into the present invention. Also, it will be recognized that any suitable size and/or shape of recess and/or base can be utilized. Furthermore, while the present invention has been illustrated as a container holder appropriate for securing beverage containers in a vehicle, it will be appreciated that the present invention can be used to secure a variety of containers and/or other objects in any suitable environment.
[0040] The foregoing disclosure represents the best mode devised by the inventors for practicing the invention. It is apparent, however, that several variations in the container holders of the present invention may be conceivable by one skilled in the art. Inasmuch as the foregoing disclosure is intended to enable such person to practice the instant invention, it should not be construed to be limited thereby, but should be construed to include such aforementioned variations.
We claim:
1. A container holder for receiving and temporarily securing a container, said container holder comprising: a base surface for supporting said container; a moldline structure unit, comprising at least one flexible rod, having first and second ends, a base member, and a guide member having first and second opposing faces and defining a passageway extending between the first and second opposing faces, the first end of the rod being fixedly attached to the base member and the second end of the rod being disposed in the passageway and being capable of slideable movement within the passageway, a flexible panel disposed around the rod and between the base and guide members, and an actuator adapted to induce deformation of the rod and flexible panel by causing the second end of the rod to move with respect to the passageway; and a sensor adapted to detect the presence of said container on the base surface and operably connected to the actuator such that the sensor is able to activate the actuator to induce deformation of the rod and flexible panel to a point at which said container is secured in said container holder.
2. A container holder in accordance with claim 1, wherein the base comprises a bottom surface of a recess defined by a vehicle console.
3. A container holder in accordance with claim 1, wherein the actuator comprises a mechanical actuator attached to the second end of the rod and adapted to selectively push or pull the second end of the rod with respect to the passageway in order to induce deformation of the rod.
4. A container holder in accordance with claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a weight/mass sensor.
5. A container holder in accordance with claim 1, wherein the moldline structure unit is positioned in a manner such that the rod and flexible panel encircle said container when said container is placed in said container holder.
6. A container holder in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a second moldline structure unit having a second actuator, wherein the sensor is further operably connected to the second actuator such that the sensor is able to activate the first and second actuators to induce deformation in the first and second moldline structure units.
7. A container holder in accordance with claim 6, wherein the second moldline structure unit is positioned directly opposite the first moldline structure unit.
8. A container holder in accordance with claim 7, wherein the sensor is positioned between the first and second moldline structure units.
9. A container holder in accordance with claim 1, wherein the moldline structure unit is adapted to heat said container when secured by the moldline structure unit.
10. A container holder in accordance with claim 1, wherein the moldline structure unit is adapted to cool said container when secured by the moldline structure unit.
11. A vehicle console adapted to receive and temporarily secure a container, said console comprising: a main surface defining a recess having a base surface and a side wall, the base surface adapted to support said container; and a moldline structure unit disposed adjacent the side wall, the unit comprising at least one flexible rod having first and second ends, a base member, and a guide member having first and second opposing faces and defining a passageway extending between the first and second opposing faces, the first end of the rod being fixedly attached to the base member and the second end of the rod being disposed in the passageway and being capable of slideable movement within the passageway, a flexible panel disposed around the rod and between the base and guide members, and an actuator adapted to induce deformation of the rod and flexible panel to a point at which said container is secured in the recess.
12. A vehicle console in accordance with claim 11, further comprising a sensor adapted to detect the presence of said container on the base surface and operably connected to the actuator such that the sensor is able to activate the actuator to induce deformation of the rod and flexible panel.
13. A vehicle console in accordance with claim 12, wherein the sensor comprises a weight/mass sensor.
14. A vehicle console in accordance with claim 12, further comprising a second moldline structure unit having a second actuator, wherein the sensor is further operably connected to the second actuator such that the sensor is able to activate the first and second actuators to induce deformation in the first and second moldline structure units.
15. A vehicle console in accordance with claim 12, wherein the moldline structure unit is adapted to heat or cool said container when secured by the moldline structure unit.
16. A vehicle console in accordance with claim 12, wherein the side wall defines a pocket adjacent the base and wherein the moldline structure unit is substantially disposed in the pocket.
17. A container holder for receiving and temporarily securing a container, comprising: a base surface for supporting said container; a moldline structure unit, comprising at least one flexible rod having first and second ends, a base member, and a guide member having first and second opposing faces and defining a passageway extending between the first and second opposing faces, the first end of the rod being fixedly attached to the base member and the second end of the rod being disposed in the passageway and being capable of slideable movement within the passageway; and means for inducing deformation of the flexible rod to a point at which said container is secured in said container holder.
18. A container holder in accordance with claim 17, wherein the moldline structure unit further comprises a flexible panel disposed around the rod and between the base and guide members.
19. A container holder in accordance with claim 17, further comprising means for detecting the presence of said container on the base surface, wherein the means for detecting are adapted to activate the means for inducing deformation.
20. A container holder in accordance with claim 17, further comprising means for heating and cooling the flexible rod such that said container can be heated or cooled when present in said container holder..
| 16,369 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61296082
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Wikidata
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Semantic data
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CC0
| null |
Точпинтла
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None
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Multilingual
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Semantic data
| 44 | 153 |
Точпинтла
Точпинтла држава Мексико
Точпинтла INEGI ID места 210260015
Точпинтла географске координате
Точпинтла управно-територијална јединица Општина Калпан
Tochpintla
Tochpintla país México
Tochpintla código de localidades del INEGI 210260015
Tochpintla coordenadas
Tochpintla instancia de localidad de México
Tochpintla situado en la entidad territorial administrativa Calpan
| 15,146 |
https://github.com/jcumming/bsc-testsuite/blob/master/bsc.bsv05/underscore/ModDef_PortArg.bsv
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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BSD-3-Clause
| null |
bsc-testsuite
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jcumming
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Bluespec
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Code
| 10 | 33 |
module sysModDef_PortArg(Bool _, Empty ifc);
Reg#(Bool) rg <- mkReg(_);
endmodule
| 6,393 |
https://github.com/wufuC/auto-encoding/blob/master/lib/auto-encoding.coffee
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,015 |
auto-encoding
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wufuC
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CoffeeScript
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Code
| 97 | 272 |
fs = require 'fs'
jschardet = require 'jschardet'
iconv = require 'iconv-lite'
module.exports =
class AutoEncoding
fire: ->
# get active text editor
@editor = atom.workspace.getActiveTextEditor()
return if not @editor?
# get file path
filePath = @editor.getPath()
return if not fs.existsSync filePath
# convert text
return fs.readFile(
filePath,
(error, buffer) =>
return if error isnt null
enc = (if (_ref = jschardet.detect buffer)? then _ref else {}).encoding
enc = 'utf8' if enc is 'ascii'
return if not iconv.encodingExists enc
enc = enc.toLowerCase().replace /[^0-9a-z]|:\d{4}$/g, ''
nowEnc = @editor?.getEncoding() ? ''
if not new RegExp('^'+enc+'$', 'i').test nowEnc
@editor?.setEncoding(enc)
)
| 45,438 |
https://github.com/varun13169/gardenkart/blob/master/src/contexts/cartContext/cartContext.js
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| null |
gardenkart
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varun13169
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JavaScript
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Code
| 47 | 114 |
import { useState, useContext, createContext } from "react";
const CartContext = createContext();
const CartContextProvider = ({ children }) => {
const [cart, setCart] = useState([]);
return (
<CartContext.Provider value={{ cart, setCart }}>
{children}
</CartContext.Provider>
);
};
const useCart = () => useContext(CartContext);
export { CartContextProvider, useCart };
| 14,770 |
sn83045211_1916-05-03_1_15_1
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US-PD-Newspapers
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| null |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 6,130 | 10,070 |
pK OF FRANCE ADVISES USE W CREDirLEHERS etl! .lllHWHelp to Relieve Mone- rSBlif' nU..Hnn hit Pnnfinl lAbandonment of Metal Moratorium DEBTS onnqpcl Pooling of Financial. T-.iafl Rci'ectcd bV Al ii lies' Conference at Paris ,.. virea p.nvnT n iy '""" .... 1 Special Ca6l f Jsocnino .coocr PARIS, .Jtfty 3. Thcro Is a growlm? K Ml(. of lOilCllineT mo nonui peopio ittcet , inonns of navincnt thnn U or metallic money A. a ro- iKii' H Is ready to supply, without com ttb,..iln or charge, letters of credit, payable f S'0 or in fractions at any of Its UmmMa either In Paris or throughout lift? country " will Iisuo, also without feM eOin. . tinvnliln nvnr ntiv thr, circum. ...v...- ...-, , ' moratorium Is reducing Itself llttlo llie ""'". .,. ,i,t,t f Vnumlir fiiih th value prorogued amounted to Bi!!!'; nin l.iit bv tho middle of last ilwH they were moro thnn half paid, and 'tiVwm le due amounted to only $305,- i iwslluly higher, as pait of tho debts 'iooiarlng as paid wcro In reality nrrango inSts with banks and other cstnbllsh Sminti for credit which mudo loans against j.:-.i(t.o nnd thus merely transferred ildebts Into bthcr forms ! . i.t.-nirllnmpntnrv eonferpneo which wound ui Satuiday did a great deal of 'tittlM without accomplishing much of iptttlfcal aIuo' . fAwnstn tn ihn rlpllhnrntlnnq wrta a j-j in n nnfttrh which declared that 4 :...., num tinf hrnltnn nrtmmprolatlv 4 &a would soon bo In a position to re Jiubh tha war nfter tho termination of tho fwucnt struggle This Idea dominated i-r. v-i .nnfArnnm whloli ilnvntful It- fnK to finding means to break qcrmany fwmmerclally without considering tho of ,.., ...t, otlnn wmihl hat3 on tho Allies. The result was to develop the untenable position of the bank to be backed by all the Allies met, and the situation was tense. The bank was put off with a general declaration of willingness meant only for one another. The situation was tense. Liverpool Buys October and January. Receipts were smaller. NEW YORK, May 3 There was less activity in the cotton market at the opening today, but the early tone was steady, with prices unchanged to 3 points higher. About the only feature to the transaction was the buying of October and January for Liverpool account. This shows a clear reversal on the part of the English cotton center, as for nearly three weeks. The options had been supplied from that source. Southern interests and commission houses were also buyers of the later options. After the call prices rose about 2 points further, but at these prices the market was steady. Levels a supply came in, which forced declines to or a shade onto the initial figures. The market was nervous and irregular, but the market was nervous and irregular. There were rallies of 4 to 5 points from the lowest, and the summary of the week showed that the market was in a fair way of recovery. This, however, reflected conditions already existed in the advances of yesterday. The receipts of cotton at the ports for the day were very light, with prices fluctuating. cdmoared with IR.1,37 hnlpu last, wnplc. tW!8 bales last year and tO,154 bales (W 1911, i Tca'day's 11 00 12 00 2 00 K close Oppn. A M. M l'.il. torch ...,121)0 una 12 83 ? ....... 12 40 U.ICI 12.311 12 21) 12..11 'July 1-'4S 12 4S 1.' 41 12 41) 12 11 October ... 12BI1 12 .15 US! 12. IK 12 51 December.. IB in 12 00 12 mi 12.(11 12 (l January .. U 93 12 78 U 74 12. li V Liverpool Cotton LIVERPOOL. AlBV 2 Srint rnttnn tn. faj was In good demand, at an advanco ltoi t poinds, on the bails of S 17d for mid. upland. Tho sales aggregated 10,000 bales, including 0000 h.llp.u Amuplonn Thn 'Imports wero 20,000 bales. Including 18,. u oaies American Tho market for fu- tores closed easy at a net decllno of 4 06W iiolnts. THE WEATHER i .. k OfTicial Forecast " WASHINGTON, May 3. iOlIOWed bv Tinrtlv nlntwltr itfantlia rrtnixct r , - - wvwwj t,ta A.4),n- liVest winas. f. The cold area that covered tho lower I Lake reef tin nml ti,n nuu -trnitn i ' i eneigy tu crossing the moun- i oi about 8 degrees in tho eastern portions KJi Pennsylvania and New Vorlc and along w fnUadelphla. Tne temperatures have riSen. inmewhnt in t- sm.i i 1 iwe Lake region. Showers have continued --. n,uo oeu extending irom tne if.. ,rl0I Eouthweatward across tha ; KBtral valleys to the western Hnir rn.ist. II r ,, u. d. weather Bureau Bulletin Obaervattons taken at 8 a. m Easfru time. Low . 8 laat Italn. Veloe. i AtuJtlT-n. a-mfln .' Wind. tty. 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PI IUI 111 lnT r i ' It 91 T1 IT LMl 73T 7aT 7SI TOt laTUST miu. ,a'a; it so ,l2 Uw " ft-r "fe:ifl:H Kt it .-h a an ; Jn lr.-LiT"V -s 1J INTEREST ON CURB IN NEW SECURITIES Metropolitan Petroleum Good Demand Silver Issues Are Strong in NEW YontC, May 3 New Issues are gradually being forced Into promlnenco oh tho Curb nntl tho former market leaders. Including Cuba Cane Sugar nnd Mldvalo Steel, attract little attention, aU though supporting nnd distributing orders nra kept plentiful In thoso stocks. Today, Metropolitan Petroleum, in which there has been persistent accumulation for some days, attracted most attention because of the demand based on recent official statements of important new contracts and of the purchase of additional oil-producing territory. These additions and developments, it is insisted, will make the company a larger producer than Mexican Petroleum. There was also a good deal of interest attached to trading in Atlantic Gulf and West Indies, which sold at a new high record of 38 H. Most of the buying came from Boston sources, where reports were current that the American International Corporation had acquired an important interest in the stock. Silver stocks, including Nippling, naturally showed a strong tone in response to the strength of the silver metal market. The demand for silver is now so great that institutions here make their capitalizations of movements in the white metal in metric tons. It was stated by some of these institutions that their purchases have been for the Allied governments and intended wholly for currency in place of gold and notes. Zinc Concentrating was in fairly good demand. The interests concerned in the company are understood to be arranging for the purchase of Utah-Apex, Pacific Mail rights were traded in at 1:30 PM. INDUSTRIALS. Aetna existing mine. Asked, High r,n lni 07 21 384 "t'm 71 81 200 HIS .s 1411 12 3D 30 ??.M nit; 02 2.V 110 13 0,, 3 CO. m do pref !;.;:;;;:;;;;; V4 AJnc Hublier , 01 Ainerlcnn-flrltlnh MfB in American Marconi 3W Atlintla Oulf ...."! .... 3S do vrot m Cnnadlan Car 08 do prpf no Chevrolet Motors ..IOB'4 Cuba Oano Sucar 01H ( urtlaa Acroplano 40 DrlRRH-Senhiiry 11s Ilmordon 1'iynnoernpli ut jmnimii or it.irKer ........... iff Hendeo MfK is IninrniMonnl Merchant Marino. I nii'S Ml J 4 in, iirei , Knthodlon llrnnzo pret Mnxlm Munltloni Man Trann Mldval.i stool Otis i:ioator Porrlwm Motors i'ooio i-.nK ino inn M o n ivrcsn Htnndard Motora Hut.tnnrtnn Trlnnclf I'llin tl. United Profit Sharing ' II H I, t 11 2'1 do pref 1J Whltn Motors 411 World's rilm IH STANDARD OIL STOCKS. Illinois 170 Ohio i'11 l'rnlrlo I'iim su 1 O of Cnllfornla -J47 S O of New Jersey njl S O of Now York ill OTHER Olt STOCKS. Coiclen Oil 22 Chnlmern Oil 5 Inter l'ct 1114 Houston Oil ID1! Midwest 08 Snpulpa ViYi Uarnett Oil J MINING STOCKS. 174 23(1 217 210 r,.'ft 213 22'4 8 12 21 70 3!i Atlinta 12 13 Uutto Conpcr 714 7t Ilutto Copper New York 2' 3 Cnrro ile rnseo 37 38 1'lrst National .1 f,i Uoldllold 12 13 Hocla Mlnlrnt 4Tt n Howe Sound r'i C Jim llutlor 1-10 'I Jumbo Extension 74 7(1 Keneilck -:inc 14H 14 McKlnlcy-Uurrngh (tr. HH tarnlu Copper 17 17VS Mlnea of America 2 3 Nlolsilnu : 7TS 8H San Toj 10 17 St Joseph Lend lilVS 1'i't West End Cons Od 0B IlONDS. Cerro de rnnro 0 114 110 Chea & Ohio 03, ....1 U7V4 f)TJ Mldvalo Ba !i7i 1)74 Sulzberger 0a DO'S OU'i SECURITIES AT AUCTION The following securities were sold nt auc. tlon today by llarnea & LoRand: STOCKS B shrs rrnnkfort nnd SouthwTrk (nth nnd 0th Hts ) TnesenKer Hallway ,. Co .. 311 IT shrs Tmnkford and Southwark (Bth nnd Uth Sta ) Passenger Hallway Co. . SIO'A 3 shrs Trnnkford nnd Southwark (5th and 0th bts ) rnssenger Hallway Co 3 I0H Co. .. . 3in! 34 shri Union I'aasonger Hallway Co lUO' !S00 shrs Sonora Chief MlnlnB Co., par 1 Lot S3 20 shrs Unhersal llond Hepalrlng nnd Street Cleonlnff Co SO,, ri shra Amerlran Academy of Muslo 20014 r shrs. Amerlran Acndomy of Mimic 200 20 ahrB HKcrford Land nnd Impiovo- ment Co , par J30 .. -J8 47 shrs Olr-lrd Heal nsiato and Im- proem'nt Co proferred ....LotSlOO 30 shrs United Oas and nioctrlo for. For the first profit, the first profit was $100.73. 1 shilling United Gas and Electric Corporation common, par $100.17. 20 shillings Western States Gas and Electric Co preferred, par $100.00. 7 shares American Cities Co. preferred, par $100.00. 12 shillings International Steam Pump Co. $215. 12 shillings International Steam Pump Co. $230. 12 shillings Industrial Trust, Title and Savings Co. par $100.00. 1 share Third National Bank, par $100.00. 20 shillings Third National Bank, par $100.00. 30 shillings National Bank, par $100.00. B shillings Keystone Telephone Co., preferred, par $100.00. B shillings Keystone Telephone Co., common, par $100.00. B shillings Keystone Telephone Co., common, par $100.00. B shillings National Bank, par $100.00. 40 shillings Atlantic National Bank, par $100.00. 40 shillings Atlantic National Bank, par $100.00. 10 shillings Los Angeles Trust Co., par $100.00. 10 shillings Los Angeles Trust Co., par $100.00. 20 shillings Fortuna National Bank, par $25.00. Alli B shares North Pennsylvania Railroad Company $30 3 shares Philadelphia Germantown and Norristown Railroad Company $50 1 share Pennsylvania Academy of the Big 24 shares Giant Portland Cement Company common; par $80 1 share Pennsylvania Academy of the Big 24 shares Giant Portland Cement Company common; par $80 20 shares Hull preferred UONDS, $100 Electric and People's Traction Company. " 4 per cent stock trust. Inures April U WVVf,, .. j 6000 ChlcaBQ and Eastern lillnois Hafl road Co . 6 per cent., first con solidated M mortcasB, coop0"? April and October duo 1884 (coupons from April 1, 101B. at- Inched) ..,... .... 4UO 4000 Fort Wayne and Ab"$!t Va,!r"? Traction Co.. 5 per cent., tlrst mortgage, coupons March and September, due 1034 . ;' 00, 8000 Athens Horough. Pa.. 4 per cent.. Vnuoons January and July U1U0O duaVulyr 1025; duo og B0O0 PennsylVanfa Co'.!"4 lir'cint J'fjlj lateral trust, coupons April and October, duo 1031 ..,......- M 1000 MsVlcet btreet Elevated Passenger ' nillway Co., '4 per cent., first mtg5gupoW and No- BOOO FoVnrJoh1oi8n"and-oioverV-ov villa nallroad Co., 4b per cent.. consolidated mortgage, coupons May and November, duo 1932. 77 2000 Emptro Oas and Fuel Co.. 6 per u ciut", fiMt mortgage. ,coupon May and November, due 1823. 100 1000 airirdWlla das Co,. 8 per cent.. " first mortgage, .coupons May and November, diw 1043 .... 43 -- T.1VE STOCK QUOTATIONS ,??:fL-r'Mri.ra 3 .U,. t. u.-.ir.ia. IB. 0OO neaa, marnei fS'oB'e'ofeO-. TMat T 8068 10. C4v. s6 sSBPNaBt'nd U'ilW imb. $8 B0&11.I3. Bar Silver Up Again Bar Uver In Lordoa today wM ,quot,ei t o,iwt4 today at J1E. oxs t EVENING LEDGER-PHILADELPHIA, WEDNESDAY, MAY PHILADELPHIA MARKETS CHAIN AND FLOUIl W! HEAT Hecelpts. 235,318 busholi P. w? .'airly active nnd with s. De- man Bironger putsiaa advices prices advanced lc quota. il?ilst. r!0', 'n Port elevator I red. KSl ind,&f3& il01 2j No. 2 Bou T"'i,$1.171.20i steamer No. 2 red, $1 ,1rJiPiJMl.l rejected, b. 1.12fl'l 15( . COHN hecelpts, 1J.B41 buiih. Prices NO A No. 2. Bouthjrr 2 ren. si.i Mil u A, fSK'fiJU l"""'', Quotations! Car, lots for local trade as to location No. 2 oltow. 84 W SiaSi; atenmcr yellow, 8JW83C : No.3 yellow, ibs 9, 8t'682 ',"'low' 76tTc.l cob. per 70 CATS Hecelpls, 40,223 bush Demand was moderate with no change In prices, Quotations: No 2 white, Bt'iWftJc.i standard ,. iiiid. timvui lo. tlOJ8c! No a white, 40C0c.; No. whlto. 47'S,48bc; sample oit. 434 W H.OUn Hecclpta. 1J40 bbls. nnd 1,162,435 1 v,n 44'4c. . H.UUH Ileee n( bj In sacks J)emand wan light, but.mill ""ilia wero woll nmlntnlned Quotations, KC J"18.lbfl In wood: Winter, clear, $r. 10 K,45,L;-",0i.lralRht.,l3 40B 00! do In the year 1878, Kansas, clear, cotton socks, $5.80; do, patent, cotton sacks $8.00; do, patent, $6.40; do, favorite brands, . nearby prints, fancy, 81c , average extra, 86c , flrels. 34Si 33c 1 seconds, 8133'4c. I Jobbing silca of fancy prints, 40 Q 43c KOOS Hecelpti wero qullo liberal, but de mand wns sufllclent to keep supplies well under control, and values cro firmly held Quota tions: In frert enses, nearb extrn, 26c. per doz , firsts, $0 00 per standard case: nearby current receipts, $0 ill) per case; Western ex tras 24iij2rc per dn. i Western extrn firsts $0 78 per mm, firsts. $0 00 per ciao, South ern, $0 insjO 43 por case, fancy selected can dled fresh eggs wero Jobbing at 27W-tlc. per doz ., CHEESE necclpts of i"rslrnblo stock were light and the market rut. tlrm with trado fair. Quotations. New York, full cream fancy, held, 1114iinc , pp, rluln, higher, do., do , fnlr to good held, 18BlBb c. do, do, part sklmB, 11016c. POULTRY LIVE Deilrablo slock wns In fnlr request nnd firm lth modernte nfferlngs (luotatlons1 Fowls. lDMJOc , roosters UWl.lo , spring chickens, uccordlng to quality, weighing 1$12 lbs apleco, .14S13HC , wnlto Leghorns, accord ing to quality, ItDtf 3(c , dm lis us to size nnd quality. lBW.'Oc , geeso, 17W11IC., om un- ncirariio stocic lovtcr, pigeons, 0111. per puir, 28wnoc do , loung, per pair, 20W22C. DRESSED The market was quiet, but re ceipts of fowla were light and xaluea were steady nt the recent decline SqunM wero more plentiful, dull and loner Quotations. Fresh-killed poultry, dry-picked Fowls, 12 to box, dry-picked, fancy selected, 2-1c; weighing 4½ lbs, apple, 21c; weighing 3½ lbs, apple, 21c; fowls in barrels, fancy, dressed weighing 4½ lbs, apple, 21c; smaller sizes, 21c; old roosters, dry-picked, 10c; breeder, Jersey, fancy, 60c; do. other nearby, weighing 3½ lbs, per pair, 40½c; larger sizes 33½c; capons per lb. Weighing 10 lbs, apple, 27½c; smaller sizes, 25½c; ducks nearby, spring, 20c; squabs per doz. White, weighing 114 lbs per doz, $5.20; white, weighing 8 lbs per doz, $3.40; do., do. 7 lbs per doz, $2.30; dark, $2.30; small and No. 2, $11.40. FRESH FRUITS Apples were dull and unchanged. Strawberries of usual quality were Well cleaned up and at reduced figures. O'erlings were quite liberal. Quotations: White potatoes, per bushel, Pennsylvania, $1.20, do, New York, $1.03.10. do, Western, $1.14.10. do, Jersey, per basket, No. 1 rose, 014075c; do, do, No. 1, other articles, $1.14.75c. do, do, No. 2, $1.04.40c.; do, Florida, per barrel, No. 1, $3.75; do, do, No. 2, $4.50. Sweet potatoes, Jersey, per bushel, No. 1, $4.50. do, do, No. 2, $4.50. Sweet potatoes, Jersey, per bushel, No. 1, $4.50. do, Virginia, per barrel, No. 2, $1.10. Onions, per 100-lb. Virginia, per barrel, $1.80. Danish, per ton, $13.08. do. South Carolina, per crate, $2.75. Celery, Florida, per crate, $1.75. Spinach, Norfolk, per barrel, $1.10. Potatoes, South Carolina, per 10-lb. Virginia, per barrel, $1.00. Letuce, South Carolina. Carolina, por basket. MOSW; do, North Carolina, per basket. $1,8003. Florida, Florida, per basket, $20. Florida and South Carolina, per basket. $1,2502.50. Peppers, Florida, per carrier, $203.50. Florida, Florida, per crate, $2,234.75. Radishes, Norfolk, per hamper $1,200. Squash, Florida, per crate, $2,602.50. Squash, Florida, per crate, $2,602.50. Asparagus per crate. South Carolina, $5,604. do, do, Georgia, $3,2303. B0, do., do., California $204, Mushrooms, per 4-lb, basket, $101.23 WIRELESS TEST SATURDAY Navy Department on War Basis and Will Control Stations Here and Elsewhere Special telegraph and telephone apparatus is being installed at the Philadelphia Navy Yard today as part of the system which will be used in the preparedness test to take place at all the nation's naval stations on Saturday. The test will begin at 4 o'clock in the afternoon and continue until 8 o'clock Monday morning. During that period the Navy Department will be conducted on a war basis. The connecting link here will be in the office of Commandant Robert L. Russell, and, as at the other stations, will work independently of all other telephones and telegraphic lines. Business of the Navy Department will be carried on by the chiefs of the bureaus with the naval stations by telephone, while the Secretary of the Navy, the General Board, the office of Naval Intelligence and the Chief of Naval Operations will receive wireless reports from the battleship New Hampshire, which will search for imaginary enemies. At the request of Secretary Daniels, the test was arranged by officials of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, which has agreed to place its service at the disposal of the Government for the purposes of demonstration without cost. The test here will be under the supervision of Lieutenant Commander W. Littlefield. PAGEEL POST NOTICE FORD All forms of all kinds of coal, including coal, will be delivered to the Navy Department on Saturday, May 6th, at the Navy Yard. I am requested to send name and address and number of car to our eastern office and receive valuable information of a cash cooperative proposition in connection with car you own. American Ford Owners Ass'n (Pennsylvania Railroad Headquarters) 46 Ureitl ltldg.. Vetk fro. 8. Phil. SHOES MADE TO MEASURE AT ODB SHOP 309 CHERRY ST. MARTIN ST. STYLES GARRIED IN STOCK Xt. C. McCLOY REFUSES TO BEAT DEAF - HARPER ELECTRIC ORGAN will make it easier to hear electricity. Call and see us for a new trial. 8SJ CLYDE, 314 W&te St., Phil. OH FIELDS TO GO DRY IN 1943, SAY EXPERTS Petroleum Deposits Now 30 Per Cent. Exhausted, Federal Trade Board Hears WASHINGTON, May 3. Petroleum deposits of the United States now are more than 30 per cent, exhausted, and the remaining supply estimated upon geological problems and the amount of production in present and prospective fields will last only 27 years. This fact was emphasized today in reports of field experts to the Federal Trade Commission, which is about to report to Congress the result of its inquiry into oil production. The nation is producing 60 per cent, of the world's output, It was declared, and of the amount 20 per cent is being exported and 25 per cent is used as fuel under hollers. Experts calculated that fully 20 per cent is "worthfully utilized" through the use of petroleum in making artificial. At gas. Present gasoline consumption in the United States is estimated at 1,500,000,000 gallons a year, and with the constantly increasing demand for gasoline, it is figured that domestic consumption will increase at the rate of about 500,000,000 gallons a year. The automobile is given as one of the reasons for the great demand for the product. There now are 2,225,000 automobile tires in use in the United States and it is estimated that 3,000,000 will be in operation one year hence. The demand for gasoline exceeds that for all other petroleum products. FOREIGN EXCHANGE NEW YORK, May 3 In the first hour of business today, the foreign exchange market was only moderately active. Rates moved irregularly within a narrow range. Sterling, although heavy in tone, did not break the low figure of 4.70 for demand, established late yesterday afternoon. Francs were declining and rechmarks showed no quotable alteration. Italian exchange and guilders, however, worked lower. Quotations: Demand sterling, 4.76, cables, 4.75, francs, cables, 5.03, checks, 6.02, checks, 7.02, checks, 7.02, checks, 7.02, Swiss tailies, 5.18, checks, 5.18, at 76½, receded to 76½ and 7½. The market was very dull. Sterling hung at the low 4.70 for demand and 1.70½ for cables and 5.03 for checks. DIVIDENDS DECLARED Standard Oil of California, regular quarterly JL'.10, payable June 15 to stock of record May Kay Oil Company, regular quarterly monthly 1 percent and 1 percent extra, payable May 25 to stock of record May 10. North Philadelphia Trust Company, regular semi-annual of 5 percent. Checks have been mailed American Tobacco Company, usual quarterly of 5 percent, on common and 14 percent, on the preferred stocks Ninth National Bank, regular semi-annual quarterly, payable on demand to stock of record May 3. NEW YORK BUTTER AND EGGS NEW YORK, May 3. - BUTTER - Letter supply and prices 4 cents, lower with trade fir on the decline. Receipts, 6,700 packages, Extra creamery, 13 cents. Milk, butter, and eggs, New York, May 3. - BUTTER - Letter supply and prices 4 cents, lower with trade fir on the decline. Receipts, 44,000 packages, Extra creamery, not ungraded firsts, 1,000, white, 4 cents, brown, 2 cents, mixed, 2 cents, best, 23,323c. MILK, refrigerator German Bank Statement BERLIN, May 3. - The weekly statement of the Imperial Bank of Germany shows May 1. '10 April 2. Marks Marks Gold reserve.... 2,401,000,000 2,401,000,000 Commercial paper and treasury bills 0,138,000,000 4,71,000,000 Circular and bank deposits. 10,780,000 1,1140,000,000 RATES FOR MONEY Call 2 3H 3 3H 3 4 0711 4U.4D3,70! 316 173.043 I'hllada . 40.232.33J 28.004.4S7 10 5111,004 SPUING RESORTS THE Seaside Resorts And Beautiful During the season Just closed the Florida resorts did the biggest business in their history. Those who did not obtain accommodations early could not get them at all. Such o condition always forecasts a rush to the South Jersey resorts. We know now that this will bo Wildwood's greatest season. Do not put off renting your cottage or apartment or making certain of your hotel accommodations. If You Delay You Are Sure To Be Disappointed The finest resorts on the coast for your vacation. Bathing, boating, fishing, motoring and all refined amusements, uouagea, at reasonable rentals. A1XANT1Q CITY. W. J. Atlantic crrr Ivas acta rveW star vi 0cru;c,(a?jiiiun. .v . . .r. - ItASfiTATrsarwotiisKmiiaTtLvi "CS?iL. tMJSa ITHE LEADING HESOHf HOTEL Of THE WORLD Mboronjft'Mnfeiin ATLANTIC CITY.N.J. OWNE83HU MANAOCMSNT. UftgUH WHITE 3QH9 COMPANVI HOTEL .LELANDE &2Zfo are. Urj.JBtructti ocean view: elevator; sis. JUhU. prlv. catas. mod, rates. W. a. HAWK. Westminster K- nr. Bsacn, Eir. water. II BO up air .18-I12 60 wklr C. Bahae. WABTUMOBK. l'A. gTKATH HAVEN INN LSr Ksa 54. IP, M. BCI1EIBLET, Itift Yw-W. OlE fKii. HISTORIC GIRARD STREET PASSES; COMMERCE REPLACES TRADITIONS New Snellenburg Building to Cover Sites Once Occupied by First Families of Philadelphia Motor Trucks Instead of Wistar Parties The leveling hand of democracy and business has laid its welter upon Girard Street and the aristocratic exclusion of that historic street has fled. Tenantless abandoned, the tall four-story houses along the south side of the narrow thoroughfare face not only a vista of commercial activity which swept away their companions on the north side, but await like the remnant of a forlorn hope the destructive hand of a relentless, overwhelming foe. They die, they do not surrender, these old dwelling. They hold too precious a heritage and too proud an association with Philadelphia's first families to separate themselves from a place in the history of those old Quaker stocks and a neighborhood that the annalist dare not overlook in his chronicle of the city's development and its progress. Clinton Street may boast, in the majesty of its two-story length, mere extent is nothing. That single row sandwiched between Market and Chestnut streets possesses a proud career that commerce cannot abate. Shopping thousands may tread daily over the site of those homes of Philadelphia's "four hundred" of three generations ago. Better and sale go on above. The scenes of minuet and Wislar party, Philadelphia may replace caste in the occupant of Girard street building. Girard street is as immortal in Philadelphia as the memory of the man whose name it bears and in whose estate its title lies vested in perpetuity. This family, "AJodn." From the western outlet mutely stares the plain brick meeting house of the Society of Friends as it has since its erection in 1812. Gifted with tongue, that untied and gated structure could unfold a record of Girard Street and its earliest inhabitants that would ring with eloquence and revelation of the inner life of the Quaker City's first families. A cafeteria, though ancient Girard Street would recognize no such foreign appellation, is today the sole tenant of that relic of a distinguished, exclusive past. It is located in the houses numbered 110-1 and 100 and is conducted by the Business Women's Christian League. Girard Street in its heyday knew no such thing as a business woman, and its spirit is solaced by the reflection that a few short days will see the removal of the sacrilegious intruder. MODERN INVENTIONS. "Hun slow" reads a sign at the 11th street entrance to Girard Street. It is intended as a direction to automobilists and drivers of the heavy-laden business trucks. Such admonition is unprecedented to the students of old Philadelphia who Mend their way thitherward. It was equally unnecessary to the residents of that street who from 1837 until a few years ago stamped the lane-like avenue with the reverential awe which their very names inspired. The few remaining trees along the gutter line are not more stately nor more deeply rooted than the family trees of the early Girard Street. Franklin Penlo, Richard Peters, Bonsall, Oulllou, Ingraham, Cottman, Cresson, the mero repetition of those surnames is his tory and Philadelphia aristocracy Itself It was only 1110 when Miss Anna Tigh man died. She and her brother, William M. Tighman who preceded her in death. Could And no place in all Philadelphia better adapted for imparting vigor and tone to their bluest of blue blood than the confines of narrow Girard street. Peter Wright, like Stephen Girard, a shipping engineer of his day, lived there. So did Colonel James M. Dennett, whose clothing establishment, which he dubbed "Tower Hall," brought him wealth which he lavished upon Methodist charities at his death. The Rev. Dr. John Chambers, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Broad and Sansom streets, long since demolished; the Rev. Dr. Henry Ducachet, and one of his successors, the Rev. Dr. S. K. McConnell, made their homes on Girard street for the period of their incumbencies, the rectory of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church. FAMOUS RESIDENTS. During the Civil War the United States Quartermaster's office was located in the building at the northeast corner. Benjamin W. Richards, Mayor of Philadelphia in 1830 and 1831, and Robert T Conrad, who occupied the Chief Magistrate immediately preceding the consolidation of the city in 1851, had their domicile in Girard street. The Stephen Girard Building at the southeast corner of 12th street marked the first change in the aspect of the buildings flanking the south side of the street. This was in 1806. Many of the older tenants of the great houses below the corner had departed before that desecration began. In their stead had come many clubs, among them the Engineers' and Travelers' Protective Association, The New Century Cooking School and Club, at 1112, was the first of these. The Philadelphia Real Estate Board at 1114 was the last. All have sought other quarters, for every one of the 13 original houses remaining is to come down in a few days. SPRING RESORTS Wildwood Crest Dungalows and apartments Hotel rates moderate. For beautifully illustrated booklet and detailed information write today to J.W. Utesell, Clerk, Wildwood, N. J. ANNA FOLSOM, MP. THE LOG INN ON THE CHURCH Sea food, boating, bathing, dancing. Board by day or week. Write for book. Water sites for sale at point 15 miles wide. SEASIDE PARK, N. J. THE MANHASSET OPEN JUNE 15 Booklet. H. ROSS TURNER, Prop. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES STRAYER'S The Business School, Ollice Building, 5th Street, SWIMMING Central Natatorium and Baths Unlimited use. 311 yearly $2 membership. Unlimited use. 3 months 2 membership. Young men 18. 1st and 202-3 above rates. Boys under 18 1-3 above rates. Single admission members and students. 23c, boys, 15c. lessons. Reduced rate to troupe. Shower, electric, hot and steam bath and massage at proportionate rate. Water in pool changed (Daily. Your trip to Europe. Full information. Area stmt. 3, 1016, The first houses on Girard Street were completed and occupied in 1837 A few years after the death of Stephen Olrard. It had been the intention of the great philanthropist to utilize the lot bounded by High (now Market), With, Chestnut and 12th Streets, as the site for the world-famous school for orphan boys which he founded, and the location is expressly stipulated in the body of his will. He had purchased the plot of ground for $100,000 several years before and immediately re-let it to the seller. By a codicil to his will, Orard, with a foresight as keen as his previous business dealing, substituted the "Teel Hall" farm on the Ridge road as the college site. He had purchased this estate of 46 acres June 6, 1831, and in substituting it as a more advantageous location for an orphanage approved its country surroundings but expressed some fear that his trustees might view it as somewhat remote from what was then the dwelling portion of the city. Today it is more central from a particular view point than the now doomed Orard Street. With the departure of the Tighmans, Reemanns, Lippincottes, Cressons and other noted residents, boarding houses abounded in the little block. One prominent exception was at 1120, the home of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Beecher Flick, like the "last twig" upon Girard Street's "family tree," they had continued to reside in the house which had been theirs through four generations. This link was furnished by a delightful party at which Miss Sarah Beecher Kinck, their daughter, bowed to society in the drawing room wherein her great-grandfather, David Kindt, and her grandfather, the late Dr. Anthony Komig Finch, had entertained some 18 years ago. The Fick residence was the last of the houses on the south side of Girard Street to be used for dwelling purposes. The 11th Street end of the north side passed away in 1883 in that year the Hood-house-brig store at the southwest corner of 11th and Market Street was erected in the following year the demolition of the remainder of that row was completed for the Market Street stores comprising the western end of the Snellenburg establishment. Oranville R. Hines & Co., dry goods; H.J. Allen & Co., china merchants, both of memory only, occupied them. The last change before the proposed complete destruction was in 1896, when the Stephen Girard Building. This structure will remain according to the proposed plans for the future transmission of the new building, modern in every detail, will extend from 11th Street to the eastern line of the Stephen Garrard Building and its estimated cost approaches $60,000,000. A long lease to the Selenburg firm insures its occupancy upon completion. Garrard Street will become a mere adjunct to the delivery department of a great retail business house, but its prestige and its position in the history of the city which it has adorned and never dimmed in the years of its respected and respectable eminence. RAILROAD EARNINGS HOCKING VALLEY. In the midst of the bustling city, the market for real estate has become a hub for trade. Here, again, the bargains as a field today are now available. 150 feet, in the most suburb, with every high-class improvement and priced at $390 per plot, ten dollars down and monthly payments if you prefer. Penfield Station is right on the property. Remember, too, you're only 3 minutes from 69th Street Elevated Terminal, by way of the Philadelphia and Western Railway, a 5-cent fare. Penfield is a built-up, substantial development, with many beautiful, occupied homes, and where you can buy at prices fully one half lower than is asked for land in the immediate neighborhood, as well as land at any suburb further away. Prove this come out today and see. Representatives on the property daily, including Write for Penfield Clifford B. Harmon & Co., 1437 Chestnut Street, Bell Phone, Spruce 4070. West Philadelphia, Krai rf'PiiSS. Will i!! " -ft. MARTIN DOUGHERTY, Owner, on premises 15 MEXICAN SILVER MINING MARES RISE IN LONDON Advance in Price of Metal Given as Reason for Unusual Demand of Stock BUSINESS STEADIER Collapse of Dublin Revolt and Conscription Will Not Satisfy Opposition By FRANCIS W. HIRST Special Cable to Evening Ltd. LONDON. May 3 The collapse of the Dublin revolt has cleared the air, but the position of the Government remains critical after recent misfortunes Conscription will not satisfy the North citizen press. The death of Viscount St Aldwyn, following immediately the death of his son and heir, removes an important figure from public life. He was classed with Lord Loreburn and Lord Curzon as one of the three best speakers in the House of Lords. I well remember his clear, lucid budget statements as Chancellor of the Exchequer to the Commons. He was a strong party man, but thought for himself, as when he refused to abandon free trade in 1904. He was a bank director and presided over the Treasury Committee to control new capital issues. Altogether, his loss will be felt, especially since now, when the country needs independent statesmen. Business in the financial district is featureless, except that a demand has sprung up for Mexican silver mining shares, with the rise in silver as the pretext for what is probably an engineered movement. Silver undoubtedly is being heard on the Continent, and the end of the war probably will bring out these supplies and gradually cause redundancy, unless the excess of paper money be repaired. The London Bank report, just issued, emphasizes the strength of Greek finance and Greek exchanges. Sir George Cave, our Solicitor General, stated yesterday that he expects a lasting peace to be made in a few months. New War on Mosquito Declared War was declared in West Philadelphia last night against the army of mosquitoes which is beginning to mobilize. At a special meeting of the South Street Improvement Association, Sir George gave notice that he will not be able to negotiate with the government for the sale of the Mosquito. At the headquarters, 253 South 10th Street, Director Krusch outlined the plan of attack. All swamp land in this section will be filled, it was announced, and all places where the Insect breeds will be eliminated. HEAL ESTATE FOR SALE COMMUNITY VICTOR WATER HEATER For sale, a new principle; constant supply, from 4 to 30 acres, located at 10. Heats, too. Accept no substitute. We are nothing Just at Good Fend for Trial Houdest. S. V. REEVES, Mgr. 45 N. Second St. Patented and Ventilated SUMMER never were, nor are there likely to be such real, worth you will find at Pen- beautiful plots, 25 by modern, best developed Sunday. Booklet. West riiunijU'iiiA Look! Your S Opportunity $4500 he bought Biairr Dwelling With Stone Garage S. E. Cor, 50th and Warrington Avenue 7 rooms, laundry both-w2.Cc best. vim. trig Unfits tic, i stond jraraca. roof Rardsn an. ,5 etc? Jcug44p..ubj uitac& 1 M 3 J.
| 24,370 |
https://github.com/vijay9561/school-management/blob/master/application/views/users/site/application_request.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
school-management
|
vijay9561
|
PHP
|
Code
| 268 | 1,238 |
<div class="container main">
<?php if(isset($_SESSION['PARENT_ID'])) { ?>
<?php
$getprincipal_id=$this->db->query("select pid from tbl_parent where Ptid='".$_SESSION['PARENT_ID']."'")->row();
$pid=$getprincipal_id->pid;
$expiry_date=date('Y-m-d');
$tgetquery=$this->db->query("select notification_name from notification_master where pid='$pid' and expiry_date>='$expiry_date'")->result();?>
<style>
.calendartable{
table-layout: fixed; width:100%;
margin-top:10px;
}
@media(max-width:768px){
.calendartable{
table-layout: fixed;
width: 100%;
margin-top: 10px;
margin-right: -52px;
margin-left: 0px;
}
}
</style>
<div class="row">
<?php if(isset($_SESSION['ERRORMSG'])) { ?>
<div class="alert bg-danger" role="alert">
<svg class="glyph stroked checkmark"><use xlink:href="#stroked-checkmark"></use></svg><?php echo $_SESSION['ERRORMSG']; ?><a href="#" class="pull-right"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove"></span></a></div>
<?php unset($_SESSION['ERRORMSG']); } ?>
<?php if(isset($_GET['add_new_application'])){ ?>
<div class="col-md-3"></div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">Application Request Form</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<form method="post" action="<?php echo site_url(); ?>users_controller/send_application_request" id="application_form_submit">
<div class="form-group">
<label>Appication Type</label>
<select name="application_for" id="application_for" required class="form-control">
<option value="">Select Applicationn Type</option>
<?php $application_master=$this->db->query("select name from application_master")->result();
foreach($application_master as $row){
?>
<option value="<?php echo $row->name;?>"><?php echo $row->name;?></option>
<?php } ?>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Application Description</label>
<textarea name="application_description" id="application_description" style="text-transform: none;resize:none;" class="form-control" rows="6"></textarea>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="submit" name="sub" value="Submit" class="btn btn-primary" />
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br /><br />
<?php }else{ ?>
<div class="col-md-12">
<a href="<?php echo site_url(); ?>application-request?add_new_application=add_new_application" class="btn btn-primary"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i> Add New</a>
<br /><br />
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead><tr><th>#</th><th>Application Type</th><th>Application Description</th><th>Date</th><th>Status</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<?php $query=$this->db->query("select *from application_request where sid='".$_SESSION['PARENT_ID']."'")->result();
$i=1;
foreach($query as $row){
?>
<tr>
<td><?php echo $i++; ?></td>
<td><?php echo $row->application_for; ?></td>
<td><?php echo $row->application_description; ?></td>
<td><?php echo $row->create_date; ?></td>
<td><?php if($row->app_status=='pending') { ?><?php echo '<b style="color:#1bd1a4;">'.$row->app_status.'</b>';
}elseif($row->app_status=='approved') {
echo '<b style="color:green;">'.$row->app_status.'</b>'; }else{
echo '<b style="color:red;">'.$row->app_status.'</b>'; } ?> </td>
</tr>
<?php } ?>
</tbody>
</table>
<br /><br />
<br />
</div>
</div>
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<?PHP } ?>
</div>
<?php }else{ ?>
<script>
window.location='<?php echo site_url(); ?>';
</script>
<?php } ?>
</div>
| 18,425 |
https://github.com/MrInternauta/Punto-de-venta-PHP-MVC-/blob/master/vistas/index.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
Punto-de-venta-PHP-MVC-
|
MrInternauta
|
PHP
|
Code
| 21 | 68 |
<?php
//Activamos el almacenamiento en el buffer
ob_start();
session_start();
if (!isset($_SESSION["nombre"]))
{
header("Location: login.html");
}
else
{
require 'header.php';
}
?>
| 45,235 |
https://github.com/vtumuluri/cockroach/blob/master/pkg/sql/show_create_clauses.go
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause, LicenseRef-scancode-bsl-1.0, MIT, LicenseRef-scancode-cockroach, Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
cockroach
|
vtumuluri
|
Go
|
Code
| 1,780 | 5,796 |
// Copyright 2019 The Cockroach Authors.
//
// Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License
// included in the file licenses/BSL.txt.
//
// As of the Change Date specified in that file, in accordance with
// the Business Source License, use of this software will be governed
// by the Apache License, Version 2.0, included in the file
// licenses/APL.txt.
package sql
import (
"bytes"
"context"
"fmt"
"strings"
"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/keys"
"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/catalog"
"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/catalog/descpb"
"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/catalog/schemaexpr"
"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/catalog/tabledesc"
"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/parser"
"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/rowenc"
"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/sem/tree"
"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/sessiondata"
"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/util/log"
"github.com/cockroachdb/errors"
)
// tableComments stores the comment data for a table.
type tableComments struct {
comment *string
columns []comment
indexes []comment
}
type comment struct {
subID int
comment string
}
// selectComment retrieves all the comments pertaining to a table (comments on the table
// itself but also column and index comments.)
func selectComment(ctx context.Context, p PlanHookState, tableID descpb.ID) (tc *tableComments) {
query := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT type, object_id, sub_id, comment FROM system.comments WHERE object_id = %d", tableID)
it, err := p.ExtendedEvalContext().ExecCfg.InternalExecutor.QueryIterator(
ctx, "show-tables-with-comment", p.Txn(), query)
if err != nil {
log.VEventf(ctx, 1, "%q", err)
} else {
var ok bool
for ok, err = it.Next(ctx); ok; ok, err = it.Next(ctx) {
row := it.Cur()
commentType := int(tree.MustBeDInt(row[0]))
switch commentType {
case keys.TableCommentType, keys.ColumnCommentType, keys.IndexCommentType:
subID := int(tree.MustBeDInt(row[2]))
cmt := string(tree.MustBeDString(row[3]))
if tc == nil {
tc = &tableComments{}
}
switch commentType {
case keys.TableCommentType:
tc.comment = &cmt
case keys.ColumnCommentType:
tc.columns = append(tc.columns, comment{subID, cmt})
case keys.IndexCommentType:
tc.indexes = append(tc.indexes, comment{subID, cmt})
}
}
}
if err != nil {
log.VEventf(ctx, 1, "%q", err)
tc = nil
}
}
return tc
}
// ShowCreateView returns a valid SQL representation of the CREATE VIEW
// statement used to create the given view. It is used in the implementation of
// the crdb_internal.create_statements virtual table.
func ShowCreateView(
ctx context.Context, semaCtx *tree.SemaContext, tn *tree.TableName, desc catalog.TableDescriptor,
) (string, error) {
f := tree.NewFmtCtx(tree.FmtSimple)
f.WriteString("CREATE ")
if desc.IsTemporary() {
f.WriteString("TEMP ")
}
f.WriteString("VIEW ")
f.FormatNode(tn)
f.WriteString(" (")
for i, col := range desc.PublicColumns() {
if i > 0 {
f.WriteString(", ")
}
name := col.GetName()
f.FormatNameP(&name)
}
f.WriteString(") AS ")
// Convert sequences referenced by ID in the view back to their names.
decodedViewQuery, err := formatViewQueryForDisplay(ctx, semaCtx, desc)
if err != nil {
log.Warningf(ctx,
"error converting sequence IDs to names for view %s (%v): %+v",
desc.GetName(), desc.GetID(), err)
f.WriteString(desc.GetViewQuery())
} else {
f.WriteString(decodedViewQuery)
}
return f.CloseAndGetString(), nil
}
// formatViewQueryForDisplay formats the given viewQuery by
// parsing it into a statement, walking the statement and
// looking for any IDs in the statement, and replacing the
// IDs with the descriptor's fully qualified name.
func formatViewQueryForDisplay(
ctx context.Context, semaCtx *tree.SemaContext, desc catalog.TableDescriptor,
) (string, error) {
replaceFunc := func(expr tree.Expr) (recurse bool, newExpr tree.Expr, err error) {
newExpr, err = schemaexpr.ReplaceIDsWithFQNames(ctx, expr, semaCtx)
if err != nil {
return false, expr, err
}
return false, newExpr, nil
}
viewQuery := desc.GetViewQuery()
stmt, err := parser.ParseOne(viewQuery)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
newStmt, err := tree.SimpleStmtVisit(stmt.AST, replaceFunc)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return newStmt.String(), nil
}
// showComments prints out the COMMENT statements sufficient to populate a
// table's comments, including its index and column comments.
func showComments(
tn *tree.TableName, table catalog.TableDescriptor, tc *tableComments, buf *bytes.Buffer,
) error {
if tc == nil {
return nil
}
f := tree.NewFmtCtx(tree.FmtSimple)
un := tn.ToUnresolvedObjectName()
if tc.comment != nil {
f.WriteString(";\n")
f.FormatNode(&tree.CommentOnTable{
Table: un,
Comment: tc.comment,
})
}
for _, columnComment := range tc.columns {
col, err := table.FindColumnWithID(descpb.ColumnID(columnComment.subID))
if err != nil {
return err
}
f.WriteString(";\n")
f.FormatNode(&tree.CommentOnColumn{
ColumnItem: &tree.ColumnItem{
TableName: tn.ToUnresolvedObjectName(),
ColumnName: tree.Name(col.GetName()),
},
Comment: &columnComment.comment,
})
}
for _, indexComment := range tc.indexes {
idx, err := table.FindIndexWithID(descpb.IndexID(indexComment.subID))
if err != nil {
return err
}
f.WriteString(";\n")
f.FormatNode(&tree.CommentOnIndex{
Index: tree.TableIndexName{
Table: *tn,
Index: tree.UnrestrictedName(idx.GetName()),
},
Comment: &indexComment.comment,
})
}
buf.WriteString(f.CloseAndGetString())
return nil
}
// showForeignKeyConstraint returns a valid SQL representation of a FOREIGN KEY
// clause for a given index. If the table's schema name is in the searchPath, then the
// schema name will not be included in the result.
func showForeignKeyConstraint(
buf *bytes.Buffer,
dbPrefix string,
originTable catalog.TableDescriptor,
fk *descpb.ForeignKeyConstraint,
lCtx simpleSchemaResolver,
searchPath sessiondata.SearchPath,
) error {
var refNames []string
var originNames []string
var fkTableName tree.TableName
if lCtx != nil {
fkTable, err := lCtx.getTableByID(fk.ReferencedTableID)
if err != nil {
return err
}
fkTableName, err = getTableNameFromTableDescriptor(lCtx, fkTable, dbPrefix)
if err != nil {
return err
}
fkTableName.ExplicitSchema = !searchPath.Contains(fkTableName.SchemaName.String())
refNames, err = fkTable.NamesForColumnIDs(fk.ReferencedColumnIDs)
if err != nil {
return err
}
originNames, err = originTable.NamesForColumnIDs(fk.OriginColumnIDs)
if err != nil {
return err
}
} else {
refNames = []string{"???"}
originNames = []string{"???"}
fkTableName = tree.MakeTableNameWithSchema(tree.Name(""), tree.PublicSchemaName, tree.Name(fmt.Sprintf("[%d as ref]", fk.ReferencedTableID)))
fkTableName.ExplicitSchema = false
}
buf.WriteString("FOREIGN KEY (")
formatQuoteNames(buf, originNames...)
buf.WriteString(") REFERENCES ")
fmtCtx := tree.NewFmtCtx(tree.FmtSimple)
fmtCtx.FormatNode(&fkTableName)
buf.WriteString(fmtCtx.CloseAndGetString())
buf.WriteString("(")
formatQuoteNames(buf, refNames...)
buf.WriteByte(')')
// We omit MATCH SIMPLE because it is the default.
if fk.Match != descpb.ForeignKeyReference_SIMPLE {
buf.WriteByte(' ')
buf.WriteString(fk.Match.String())
}
if fk.OnDelete != descpb.ForeignKeyReference_NO_ACTION {
buf.WriteString(" ON DELETE ")
buf.WriteString(fk.OnDelete.String())
}
if fk.OnUpdate != descpb.ForeignKeyReference_NO_ACTION {
buf.WriteString(" ON UPDATE ")
buf.WriteString(fk.OnUpdate.String())
}
if fk.Validity != descpb.ConstraintValidity_Validated {
buf.WriteString(" NOT VALID")
}
return nil
}
// ShowCreateSequence returns a valid SQL representation of the
// CREATE SEQUENCE statement used to create the given sequence.
func ShowCreateSequence(
ctx context.Context, tn *tree.TableName, desc catalog.TableDescriptor,
) (string, error) {
f := tree.NewFmtCtx(tree.FmtSimple)
f.WriteString("CREATE ")
if desc.IsTemporary() {
f.WriteString("TEMP ")
}
f.WriteString("SEQUENCE ")
f.FormatNode(tn)
opts := desc.GetSequenceOpts()
f.Printf(" MINVALUE %d", opts.MinValue)
f.Printf(" MAXVALUE %d", opts.MaxValue)
f.Printf(" INCREMENT %d", opts.Increment)
f.Printf(" START %d", opts.Start)
if opts.Virtual {
f.Printf(" VIRTUAL")
}
if opts.CacheSize > 1 {
f.Printf(" CACHE %d", opts.CacheSize)
}
return f.CloseAndGetString(), nil
}
// showFamilyClause creates the FAMILY clauses for a CREATE statement, writing them
// to tree.FmtCtx f
func showFamilyClause(desc catalog.TableDescriptor, f *tree.FmtCtx) {
for _, fam := range desc.GetFamilies() {
activeColumnNames := make([]string, 0, len(fam.ColumnNames))
for i, colID := range fam.ColumnIDs {
if col, _ := desc.FindColumnWithID(colID); col != nil && col.Public() {
activeColumnNames = append(activeColumnNames, fam.ColumnNames[i])
}
}
if len(desc.PublicColumns()) == 0 {
f.WriteString("FAMILY ")
} else {
f.WriteString(",\n\tFAMILY ")
}
formatQuoteNames(&f.Buffer, fam.Name)
f.WriteString(" (")
formatQuoteNames(&f.Buffer, activeColumnNames...)
f.WriteString(")")
}
}
// showCreateLocality creates the LOCALITY clauses for a CREATE statement, writing them
// to tree.FmtCtx f.
func showCreateLocality(desc catalog.TableDescriptor, f *tree.FmtCtx) error {
if c := desc.GetLocalityConfig(); c != nil {
f.WriteString(" LOCALITY ")
return tabledesc.FormatTableLocalityConfig(c, f)
}
return nil
}
// showCreateInterleave returns an INTERLEAVE IN PARENT clause for the specified
// index, if applicable.
//
// The name of the parent table is prefixed by its database name unless
// it is equal to the given dbPrefix. This allows us to elide the prefix
// when the given index is interleaved in a table of the current database.
func showCreateInterleave(
idx *descpb.IndexDescriptor, buf *bytes.Buffer, dbPrefix string, lCtx simpleSchemaResolver,
) error {
if len(idx.Interleave.Ancestors) == 0 {
return nil
}
intl := idx.Interleave
parentTableID := intl.Ancestors[len(intl.Ancestors)-1].TableID
var err error
var parentName tree.TableName
if lCtx != nil {
parentName, err = getParentAsTableName(lCtx, parentTableID, dbPrefix)
if err != nil {
return err
}
} else {
parentName = tree.MakeTableNameWithSchema(tree.Name(""), tree.PublicSchemaName, tree.Name(fmt.Sprintf("[%d as parent]", parentTableID)))
parentName.ExplicitCatalog = false
parentName.ExplicitSchema = false
}
var sharedPrefixLen int
for _, ancestor := range intl.Ancestors {
sharedPrefixLen += int(ancestor.SharedPrefixLen)
}
buf.WriteString(" INTERLEAVE IN PARENT ")
fmtCtx := tree.NewFmtCtx(tree.FmtSimple)
fmtCtx.FormatNode(&parentName)
buf.WriteString(fmtCtx.CloseAndGetString())
buf.WriteString(" (")
formatQuoteNames(buf, idx.ColumnNames[:sharedPrefixLen]...)
buf.WriteString(")")
return nil
}
// ShowCreatePartitioning returns a PARTITION BY clause for the specified
// index, if applicable.
func ShowCreatePartitioning(
a *rowenc.DatumAlloc,
codec keys.SQLCodec,
tableDesc catalog.TableDescriptor,
idxDesc *descpb.IndexDescriptor,
partDesc *descpb.PartitioningDescriptor,
buf *bytes.Buffer,
indent int,
colOffset int,
) error {
isPrimaryKeyOfPartitionAllByTable :=
tableDesc.IsPartitionAllBy() && tableDesc.GetPrimaryIndexID() == idxDesc.ID && colOffset == 0
if partDesc.NumColumns == 0 && !isPrimaryKeyOfPartitionAllByTable {
return nil
}
// Do not print PARTITION BY clauses of non-primary indexes belonging to a table
// that is PARTITION BY ALL. The ALL will be printed for the PRIMARY INDEX clause.
if tableDesc.IsPartitionAllBy() && tableDesc.GetPrimaryIndexID() != idxDesc.ID {
return nil
}
// Do not print PARTITION ALL BY if we are a REGIONAL BY ROW table.
if c := tableDesc.GetLocalityConfig(); c != nil {
switch c.Locality.(type) {
case *descpb.TableDescriptor_LocalityConfig_RegionalByRow_:
return nil
}
}
// We don't need real prefixes in the DecodePartitionTuple calls because we
// only use the tree.Datums part of the output.
fakePrefixDatums := make([]tree.Datum, colOffset)
for i := range fakePrefixDatums {
fakePrefixDatums[i] = tree.DNull
}
indentStr := strings.Repeat("\t", indent)
buf.WriteString(` PARTITION `)
if isPrimaryKeyOfPartitionAllByTable {
buf.WriteString(`ALL `)
}
buf.WriteString(`BY `)
if len(partDesc.List) > 0 {
buf.WriteString(`LIST`)
} else if len(partDesc.Range) > 0 {
buf.WriteString(`RANGE`)
} else if isPrimaryKeyOfPartitionAllByTable {
buf.WriteString(`NOTHING`)
return nil
} else {
return errors.Errorf(`invalid partition descriptor: %v`, partDesc)
}
buf.WriteString(` (`)
for i := 0; i < int(partDesc.NumColumns); i++ {
if i != 0 {
buf.WriteString(", ")
}
buf.WriteString(idxDesc.ColumnNames[colOffset+i])
}
buf.WriteString(`) (`)
fmtCtx := tree.NewFmtCtx(tree.FmtSimple)
for i := range partDesc.List {
part := &partDesc.List[i]
if i != 0 {
buf.WriteString(`, `)
}
buf.WriteString("\n")
buf.WriteString(indentStr)
buf.WriteString("\tPARTITION ")
fmtCtx.FormatNameP(&part.Name)
_, _ = fmtCtx.Buffer.WriteTo(buf)
buf.WriteString(` VALUES IN (`)
for j, values := range part.Values {
if j != 0 {
buf.WriteString(`, `)
}
tuple, _, err := rowenc.DecodePartitionTuple(
a, codec, tableDesc, idxDesc, partDesc, values, fakePrefixDatums)
if err != nil {
return err
}
buf.WriteString(tuple.String())
}
buf.WriteString(`)`)
if err := ShowCreatePartitioning(
a, codec, tableDesc, idxDesc, &part.Subpartitioning, buf, indent+1,
colOffset+int(partDesc.NumColumns),
); err != nil {
return err
}
}
for i, part := range partDesc.Range {
if i != 0 {
buf.WriteString(`, `)
}
buf.WriteString("\n")
buf.WriteString(indentStr)
buf.WriteString("\tPARTITION ")
buf.WriteString(part.Name)
buf.WriteString(" VALUES FROM ")
fromTuple, _, err := rowenc.DecodePartitionTuple(
a, codec, tableDesc, idxDesc, partDesc, part.FromInclusive, fakePrefixDatums)
if err != nil {
return err
}
buf.WriteString(fromTuple.String())
buf.WriteString(" TO ")
toTuple, _, err := rowenc.DecodePartitionTuple(
a, codec, tableDesc, idxDesc, partDesc, part.ToExclusive, fakePrefixDatums)
if err != nil {
return err
}
buf.WriteString(toTuple.String())
}
buf.WriteString("\n")
buf.WriteString(indentStr)
buf.WriteString(")")
return nil
}
// showConstraintClause creates the CONSTRAINT clauses for a CREATE statement,
// writing them to tree.FmtCtx f
func showConstraintClause(
ctx context.Context, desc catalog.TableDescriptor, semaCtx *tree.SemaContext, f *tree.FmtCtx,
) error {
for _, e := range desc.AllActiveAndInactiveChecks() {
if e.Hidden {
continue
}
f.WriteString(",\n\t")
if len(e.Name) > 0 {
f.WriteString("CONSTRAINT ")
formatQuoteNames(&f.Buffer, e.Name)
f.WriteString(" ")
}
f.WriteString("CHECK (")
expr, err := schemaexpr.FormatExprForDisplay(ctx, desc, e.Expr, semaCtx, tree.FmtParsable)
if err != nil {
return err
}
f.WriteString(expr)
f.WriteString(")")
if e.Validity != descpb.ConstraintValidity_Validated {
f.WriteString(" NOT VALID")
}
}
for _, c := range desc.AllActiveAndInactiveUniqueWithoutIndexConstraints() {
f.WriteString(",\n\t")
if len(c.Name) > 0 {
f.WriteString("CONSTRAINT ")
formatQuoteNames(&f.Buffer, c.Name)
f.WriteString(" ")
}
f.WriteString("UNIQUE WITHOUT INDEX (")
colNames, err := desc.NamesForColumnIDs(c.ColumnIDs)
if err != nil {
return err
}
f.WriteString(strings.Join(colNames, ", "))
f.WriteString(")")
if c.IsPartial() {
f.WriteString(" WHERE ")
pred, err := schemaexpr.FormatExprForDisplay(ctx, desc, c.Predicate, semaCtx, tree.FmtParsable)
if err != nil {
return err
}
f.WriteString(pred)
}
if c.Validity != descpb.ConstraintValidity_Validated {
f.WriteString(" NOT VALID")
}
}
f.WriteString("\n)")
return nil
}
| 43,630 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32524465
|
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Category:Battles in 1761
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Категория:Сражения 1761 года
категория в проекте Викимедиа
Категория:Сражения 1761 года это частный случай понятия категория в проекте Викимедиа
Категория:Сражения 1761 года предыдущее по порядку Категория:Сражения 1760 года
Категория:Сражения 1761 года следующее по порядку Категория:Сражения 1762 года
Категория:Сражения 1761 года категория объединяет темы битва
Категория:Сражения 1761 года категория объединяет темы 1761 год
Категория:Сражения 1761 года категория содержит битва, момент времени 1761
Категория:Сражения 1761 года категория на Викискладе Battles in 1761
Категорія:Битви 1761
категорія проєкту Вікімедіа
Категорія:Битви 1761 є одним із категорія проєкту Вікімедіа
Категорія:Битви 1761 попередник Категорія:Битви 1760
Категорія:Битви 1761 наступник Категорія:Битви 1762
Категорія:Битви 1761 пов'язані з категорією теми битва
Категорія:Битви 1761 пов'язані з категорією теми 1761
Категорія:Битви 1761 категорія містить битва, дата й час 1761
Категорія:Битви 1761 категорія Вікісховища Battles in 1761
Catégorie:Bataille de 1761
page de catégorie d'un projet Wikimédia
Catégorie:Bataille de 1761 nature de l’élément page de catégorie d'un projet Wikimédia
Catégorie:Bataille de 1761 précédé par Catégorie:Bataille de 1760
Catégorie:Bataille de 1761 suivi par Catégorie:Bataille de 1762
Catégorie:Bataille de 1761 sujets associés à la catégorie bataille
Catégorie:Bataille de 1761 sujets associés à la catégorie 1761
Catégorie:Bataille de 1761 type d'élément contenu dans la catégorie bataille, date 1761
Catégorie:Bataille de 1761 catégorie Commons Battles in 1761
Kategory:Militêr treffen yn 1761
Wikimedia-kategory
Kategory:Militêr treffen yn 1761 is in Wikimedia-kategory
Kategory:Militêr treffen yn 1761 foarige Kategory:Militêr treffen yn 1760
Kategory:Militêr treffen yn 1761 Commons-kategory Battles in 1761
Category:Battles in 1761
Wikimedia category
Category:Battles in 1761 instance of Wikimedia category
Category:Battles in 1761 follows Category:Battles in 1760
Category:Battles in 1761 followed by Category:Battles in 1762
Category:Battles in 1761 category combines topics battle
Category:Battles in 1761 category combines topics 1761
Category:Battles in 1761 category contains battle, point in time 1761
Category:Battles in 1761 Commons category Battles in 1761
Category:1761年の戦闘
ウィキメディアのカテゴリ
Category:1761年の戦闘 分類 ウィキメディアのカテゴリ
Category:1761年の戦闘 前 Category:1760年の戦闘
Category:1761年の戦闘 次 Category:1762年の戦闘
Category:1761年の戦闘 以下の組み合わせカテゴリ 戦闘
Category:1761年の戦闘 以下の組み合わせカテゴリ 1761年
Category:1761年の戦闘 このカテゴリは以下を含む 戦闘, 時点 1761
Category:1761年の戦闘 コモンズのカテゴリ Battles in 1761
Kategori:Slag 1761
Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Slag 1761 instans av Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Slag 1761 föregås av Kategori:Slag 1760
Kategori:Slag 1761 följs av Kategori:Slag 1762
Kategori:Slag 1761 kategorin kombinerar ämnen slag
Kategori:Slag 1761 kategorin kombinerar ämnen 1761
Kategori:Slag 1761 kategorin innehåller slag, tidpunkt 1761
Kategori:Slag 1761 Commons-kategori Battles in 1761
Kategorie:Schlacht 1761
Wikimedia-Kategorie
Kategorie:Schlacht 1761 ist ein(e) Wikimedia-Kategorie
Kategorie:Schlacht 1761 Vorgänger Kategorie:Schlacht 1760
Kategorie:Schlacht 1761 Nachfolger Kategorie:Schlacht 1762
Kategorie:Schlacht 1761 Kategorie kombiniert die Themen Schlacht
Kategorie:Schlacht 1761 Kategorie kombiniert die Themen 1761
Kategorie:Schlacht 1761 Kategorie enthält Schlacht, Zeitpunkt/Stand 1761
Kategorie:Schlacht 1761 Commons-Kategorie Battles in 1761
Categoría:Batallas de 1761
categoría de Wikimedia
Categoría:Batallas de 1761 instancia de categoría de Wikimedia
Categoría:Batallas de 1761 Categoría en Commons Battles in 1761
Катэгорыя:Бітвы 1761 году
катэгорыя ў праекце Вікімэдыя
Катэгорыя:Бітвы 1761 году асобны выпадак панятку Вікімэдыя:Катэгорыя
Катэгорыя:Бітвы 1761 году папярэднік Катэгорыя:Бітвы 1760 году
Катэгорыя:Бітвы 1761 году наступнік Катэгорыя:Бітвы 1762 году
Катэгорыя:Бітвы 1761 году катэгорыя аб’ядноўвае тэмы бітва
Катэгорыя:Бітвы 1761 году катэгорыя аб’ядноўвае тэмы 1761
Катэгорыя:Бітвы 1761 году катэгорыя зьмяшчае бітва, дата 1761
Катэгорыя:Бітвы 1761 году катэгорыя ў Вікісховішчы Battles in 1761
Rummad:Emgannoù 1761
pajenn rummata eus Wikimedia
Rummad:Emgannoù 1761 natur an elfenn pajenn rummata eus Wikimedia
Rummad:Emgannoù 1761 raklec'hiet gant Rummad:Emgannoù 1760
Rummad:Emgannoù 1761 heuliet gant Rummad:Emgannoù 1762
Rummad:Emgannoù 1761 danvezioù liammet ouzh ar rummad emgann
Rummad:Emgannoù 1761 danvezioù liammet ouzh ar rummad 1761
Rummad:Emgannoù 1761 seurt elfenn endalc'het er rummad emgann, deiziad 1761
Rummad:Emgannoù 1761 rummad eus Commons Battles in 1761
Categoria:Batalles del 1761
categoria de Wikimedia
Categoria:Batalles del 1761 instància de categoria de Wikimedia
Categoria:Batalles del 1761 anterior Categoria:Batalles del 1760
Categoria:Batalles del 1761 següent Categoria:Batalles del 1762
Categoria:Batalles del 1761 temes associats per la categoria batalla
Categoria:Batalles del 1761 temes associats per la categoria 1761
Categoria:Batalles del 1761 categoria conté batalla, data 1761
Categoria:Batalles del 1761 categoria de Commons Battles in 1761
Kategorie:Bitvy roku 1761
kategorie na projektech Wikimedia
Kategorie:Bitvy roku 1761 instance (čeho) kategorie na projektech Wikimedia
Kategorie:Bitvy roku 1761 předchozí Kategorie:Bitvy roku 1760
Kategorie:Bitvy roku 1761 následující Kategorie:Bitvy roku 1762
Kategorie:Bitvy roku 1761 kategorie kombinuje témata bitva
Kategorie:Bitvy roku 1761 kategorie kombinuje témata 1761
Kategorie:Bitvy roku 1761 kategorie obsahuje bitva, datum 1761
Kategorie:Bitvy roku 1761 kategorie na Commons Battles in 1761
Kategorio:Bataloj en 1761
kategorio en Vikimedio
Kategorio:Bataloj en 1761 estas Vikimedia kategorio
Kategorio:Bataloj en 1761 antaŭulo Kategorio:Bataloj en 1760
Kategorio:Bataloj en 1761 sekvulo Kategorio:Bataloj en 1762
Kategorio:Bataloj en 1761 kategorio kombinas temojn batalo
Kategorio:Bataloj en 1761 kategorio kombinas temojn 1761
Kategorio:Bataloj en 1761 kategorio enhavas batalo, dato 1761
Kategorio:Bataloj en 1761 Komuneja kategorio Battles in 1761
Categoria:Bataje del 1761
Categoria:Bataje del 1761 precedud de Categoria:Bataje del 1760
Categoria:Batalha de 1761
Categoria:Batalha de 1761 natura de l'element Wikimèdia:Categorias
Categoria:Batalha de 1761 precedit per Categoria:Batalha de 1760
Categoria:Batalha de 1761 seguit per Categoria:Batalha de 1762
Categoria:Batalha de 1761 categoria Commons Battles in 1761
Kategoria:Bitwy w 1761
kategoria w projekcie Wikimedia
Kategoria:Bitwy w 1761 jest to kategoria w projekcie Wikimedia
Kategoria:Bitwy w 1761 poprzednik Kategoria:Bitwy w 1760
Kategoria:Bitwy w 1761 następca Kategoria:Bitwy w 1762
Kategoria:Bitwy w 1761 zagadnienia związane z kategorią bitwa
Kategoria:Bitwy w 1761 zagadnienia związane z kategorią 1761
Kategoria:Bitwy w 1761 kategoria zawiera bitwa, data 1761
Kategoria:Bitwy w 1761 kategoria Commons Battles in 1761
Categorie:Bătălii în 1761
categorie în cadrul unui proiect Wikimedia
Categorie:Bătălii în 1761 este un/o categorie în cadrul unui proiect Wikimedia
Categorie:Bătălii în 1761 precedat(ă) de Categorie:Bătălii în 1760
Categorie:Bătălii în 1761 succedat(ă) de Categorie:Bătălii în 1762
Categorie:Bătălii în 1761 categoria combină subiectele bătălie
Categorie:Bătălii în 1761 categoria combină subiectele 1761
Categorie:Bătălii în 1761 categoria conține bătălie, dată 1761
Categorie:Bătălii în 1761 categorie la Commons Battles in 1761
Kategória:Bitky v 1761
kategória projektov Wikimedia
Kategória:Bitky v 1761 je kategória projektov Wikimedia
Kategória:Bitky v 1761 predošlý Kategória:Bitky v 1760
Kategória:Bitky v 1761 nasledujúci Kategória:Bitky v 1762
Kategória:Bitky v 1761 kategória spája témy vojenská bitka
Kategória:Bitky v 1761 kategória spája témy 1761
Kategória:Bitky v 1761 kategória obsahuje vojenská bitka, k dátumu 1761
Kategória:Bitky v 1761 kategória na Commons Battles in 1761
Kategorija:Bitke leta 1761
kategorija Wikimedie
Kategorija:Bitke leta 1761 primerek od kategorija Wikimedie
Kategorija:Bitke leta 1761 predhodnik Kategorija:Bitke leta 1760
Kategorija:Bitke leta 1761 naslednik Kategorija:Bitke leta 1762
Kategorija:Bitke leta 1761 kategorija združuje teme bitka
Kategorija:Bitke leta 1761 kategorija združuje teme 1761
Kategorija:Bitke leta 1761 kategorija vsebuje bitka, čas dogodka 1761
Kategorija:Bitke leta 1761 kategorija v Zbirki Battles in 1761
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sn98069795_1916-11-02_1_1_1
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US-PD-Newspapers
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Open Culture
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English
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ON GETTY COM Thirty-Third Year. JOHNSON CITY, TENNESSEE, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1916. Whole Number (688) DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUSY ENOUGHING INTO SHIPMENT AND REMOVAL NOIMII OF MANY NEGROES DOUBTFUL STATES GETTING MOST OF THE HI. At K I. ABO lit Its, I'AVIHi II Mill Kit WATERS. IT IS REPOKTED Washington, Oct. 31. - Both the department of justice and the department of labor are watching closely the immigration of southern negroes to the industrial centers. The legal officers hope to check possible election frauds, while the labor authorities are interested primarily in preventing their federal employment service from being used to further migration schemes. Attorney General Gregory, in addition to general information recently given to federal district attorneys in advance of legal elections, has ordered a special inquiry into complaints that negroes are being sent in considerable numbers to doubtful states unless promises of work at higher wages. District Attorney Miller, at Louisville, has been ordered to report the names of towns and destinations of all negroes or any other possible voters going from Kentucky, Alabama, or any other part of the south, passing through Louisville in suspicious numbers. Other district attorneys in the south and south have been advised to report the names of the negroes. In middle states, the department of justice officials decline to talk on the ground that it might interfere with the government's plans, while all reports and correspondence are being withheld from publication. The attorney-general conferred with his assistants on the subject "I election frauds generally, he is giving the matter personal attention, and under his direction, special agents of the department are at the call of every district attorney desiring assistance. So far, complaints have reached the department of alleged frauds or contemplated frauds affecting candidates for federal office in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, New York, and Missouri. The department of labor let it become known that it had issued orders designed to prevent the use of the federal employment service in assessing in the migration of large numbers of negroes from the southern states. Assistant Secretary Post said the department had no intention of becoming a party to schemes which might be devised for purposes of lowering the wages of labor or breaking up strikes. At the same time, it was made clear that in cases where investigation proved a fact that skilled laborers were being hindered because of lack of unskilled assistants, and where there was legitimate work for negroes, efforts would be made to secure them just as any other class of labor would be secured. Much information regarding the migration has been collected. In the south complaint is being made that the negroes are being taken to the north with promises of much higher wages, and if continued a serious shortage of labor may result. The labor department was reported as feeling that any laborer is justified in going to that place where the wages are best, and that the place he leaves can remedy the situation by raising the scale. The Aemiraen Federation of Labor, according to Secretary Frank Mortis, also is watching the movement. Negroes with the idea that "it is no scheme to get votes, it is for the purpose of securing cheaper labor than is available at present." Representatives of the federation have been asked to observe and report on all large movements of negro labor. And now they say that it is quite possible to have good fresh roasting ears all winter long. All you need is a patch of sweet corn and a cold storage plant! The roasting ears are gathered since put in sacks, with the shuck still on the sacks of corn are then frozen. The corn is then frozen, placed in cold storage and left until wanted for use. All there is to do then is to thaw the corn out, husk it, cook about half as long as is required when fresh gathered, and go to it. Just think of going up against a big dish of Country Gentleman on a cold January day! I hope the process will come into general use before I lose all my teeth. Southern Agriculturist. WON'T LIKE JIMMY DOG THIS IS THE SAME DAY. SAYS YOU KNOW I DIDN'T LIKE "The don't like any better boys than Jimmy, even if he did hold up a paper. And if you knew him as well as I do, you would say the same thing. I'm going to stick a hint until I die. He has been good to me." and I'm goin,; i Without l'!i" old Mrs. Mil.li James Corden guard and csca roll, announced Mrs. Aannie F : hi id to him." it ; a Hh;.-( le. i '-ycar il Walton, bride of Walton, who .'hot a '. .1 with a '!", a 'o pa tins determination to 1, the matron al cen- tral police hctidqu.iru panied the olVccr-i s. I'he acconr who took her young husband iin"k to Detroit, Mich Friday night. "So.net hues I v, om-cr if J i Him v 'lid tins tor my willing to go k '. He was al way tin anything that his salay would a.'fo'l. and h e.vet ined :e trying to mak 1 me as happy as to be could. Maybi h robbeu si l.:s salarv we could was aide have more than to provide. ' i knew nothm til h elo'.d in" i of the robbery im Dalals, Texas, two lays before he was arrested there. He had kept it from me all that tune, md continued to shower me v ,th gifts and afection. When ho did l:!l me I almost fainted. Now they art- taking him back to stand trial."' .Mrs. Walton said she and "Jimmy" were married only a few months ago. On August ' her "Ummy" and two other men held up the pavcar of the Burroughs Adding Machine company at Detroit, shot one of the tniards. who resisted, and escaped with :;u,iioi cash. "Jimmy", who admits he did the shooting, is the only one who has been captured. The officers Passed through Memphis on their w;:y io De troit with him- - News-Scimitar. MACHINISTS STRIKE AT KINWIN IN A STATUE Claim Discrimination in Recognition on Part of the Management Machinists of the shops of the C, C. & O. railway at Erw in, Tenn., who went on a strike last Thursday, Oct. 20, have issued a general statement addressed to "our fellow workmen and the public in general," in which the grievances of the strikers are set forth. The verdict first that they were discriminated against as an organized body of labor, saying the management of the railroad and shops declined to recognize their organization while other railroad labor unions were recognized. The machinists also complain against the alleged use of machinists' helpers as machinists. They claim they sought arbitrary settlement of their differences with the management before the strike was declared but that this was not intended them. STEAMER WITH AMERICAN SINK Attacked by Submarine William An? Warning, Says Report. Laid. Serious to I. S. Offices Washington, Oct. 30.-Preliminary reports of the sinking by German submarines of the British steamers Marina and Rowan More, partly manned by Americans, were too incomplete tonight to enable officials at the State Department to form an opinion as to whether there had been a violation of neutral rights or of pledges given the United States by Germany. Secretary Lansing declined to comment further than to admit that the Reports appeared more serious than the usual routine dispatches announcing the destruction of bellicose merchants, and that full information would be awaited with interest. On its face, the case of the Marina, reported by Consul Frost at Queens town, presents the gravest situation that has arisen since the sinking of the channel liner Sussex, which had brought the American and German governments to the verge of a break. Although he cautioned that his information was purely "provisional," the consul cabled that the Marina, a "horse transport with a mixed crew of British and Americans," was reported sunk without warning by a German submarine gunfire, 11 miles west of Cape Clear, and that 7 of the crew of 110 were missing. Press dispatches have indicated that the missing men might reach shore in their boats later. Another message from Mr. Frost said members of the crew of the Rowan More, included Americans, had been shelled in their boats, while abandoning the ship after being chased by a submarine for fifty miles. There were no casualties. We think of spring as flower-time, but did you ever notice how many kinds of fail blossoms there are, too? Keep the house full of them while they last. Southern Agriculturist. What do the home grounds look like? There is no excuse, you know, for an unshaded country home or one with only bare ground about it. The Southern Agriculturist. "I WITH UNITED STATES FOR THE UNITED STATES TO PROMOTE THE PROPOSALS WITH THIS COUNTRY IS READY TO CONSIDER ANY PROPOSALS WHICH MUST BE MADE OF THIS SUGAR." SAYS COMMISSION New York, Nov. 1. Business interests of France are anxious to do everything in their power to promote trade relations with the United States and are ready to consider any proposals which might be made from this side, according to a report made by members of the American Industrial commission who arrived here on the steamship Philadelphia from Liverpool following a two months' visit to France. The commission was organized under the auspices of the American Manufacturers' Export association to return the visit of a like commission of French interests in the United States last winter. Those returning included W. W. Nichols, of New York, chairman, and Edward V. Douglas, secretary. According to Mr. Douglas, the party was streated with every courtesy while in France. They were given military escort and furnished with special trains and automobiles for their trips to the various cities. "We went to the front," Mr. Douglas said, "at least we were close enough to hear the sounds of the bombardment. At Belfort, where we visited October 2, the following day 25 shells fell in the city." We talked with David Lloyd George in Paris and were given a cordial invitation by him to extend our visit to England. In talking with us of trade and commercial matters to follow the war, he stated that it is not planned that Germany shall be put entirely out of the running by the war - that she will have to be considered and dealt with in a commercial way after peace is declared. Dr. Prince said he was in England when the news of his nephew's accident reached him and the British government placed at his disposal a destroyer to take him to France. The aviator was dead when he arrived. The body of the young American, he added, is now in a vault at Luxeull awaiting removal to America. Henry Ford from 1878 to 1881 and again from 1885 to 1891. He was pastor at Johnstown, and was then appointed chaplain of the Mountain State Soldiers' Home. He announced here tonight by Henry Morgenthau, chairman of the finance committee of the Democratic national committee of the Democratic national convention in the city of New York. His appointment will be made in the interest of President Wilson. Henry Morgenthau, chairman of the finance committee of the Democratic national convention in the city of New York, was also mentioned. His appointment will be made in the interest of President Wilson. Henry Morgenthau, chairman of the finance committee of the Democratic national convention in the city of New York, was also mentioned. His appointment will be made in the interest of President Wilson. About $500,000 more, according to the Holston conference, Mr. Morgenthau's statement, is needed to make certain of President Wilson's re-election. A summing to N. Y. State Democrats to subscribe the larger part of this amount has been issued, he asserted. Railroads Oppose New York, Oct. 30. Prominent railroad officials left this city last night for Washington to appear today before the interstate commerce commission and ask to have vacated or modified an order that powerful searchlights be placed in all the locomotives in the country on January 1, next, a fitting tribute to the departed comrades of the army that had almost passed over the river of life. Despotic efforts more than a year ago, piled the drenching rainfall on May 30th, Dr. Ruble braved the storm and it is said. It is estimated that it would cost the railroads $1,000,000 to equip the new searchlights. In use with NEW YORK RESORTS, the New York, Oct. 28. Making his motto "Cooperation," President Wilson spoke here today at the principal meeting of a series of gatherings in many states arranged by the democratic national committee in celebration of "Wilson day." The occasion was also known as "Empire State day" here because delegations of organization democrats, independents, progressives, and women from New York journeyed on special trains. From New York City and State to greet the president and assure him of their support. REV. JUS. A. RUBLE Dr. James A. Ruble, aged 76 years, a veteran of the civil war, member of Holston conference for the past and years and chaplain of the National Soldiers' Home here for many years, died at 12:45 p.m. here Sunday. He had been ill something more than a week, being stricken with an attack of asthma about ten days ago. Funeral services were held in Memorial Hall at the Soldiers' Home on Monday at 11 a.m., and were conducted by Dr. J. J. Roble. The body was forwarded to Knoxville, arriving Monday at 7 p.m. Burial was at Maryville, Tuesday at 1:15 a.m. The services at the grave were under the charge of Dr. O. R. Tarwater, pastor of Trinity M. E. church, Knoxville. Rev. James A. Ruble was a well-known minister of the Methodist Episcopal church and first chaplain of the Mountain Branch of the National Soldiers' Home at Johnson City. He had been in declining health for some time and it ends in this city were not surprised at the news of his death. Dr. Ruble was a native of Tennessee and was left an orphan. He was reared by his uncle, James A. Ruble, who resided near Campbell's station in Knox county. He entered the tin army in 1802 as a member of the Fourth Tennessee cavalry, being a private for a time and was promoted to chaplain. The late Jacob M. Thornburg was Lieutenant-colonel of that regiment and was general in command. Dr. Ruble was admitted on trial in Holston conference in 1860 and was received into full membership in the conference in 1868. He was ordained deacon by Bishop Kingsley in 1807 and elder by Bishop Scott in 1870. The following are his appointments during his career as a minister. Maryville, 1866; Jonesboro, 1857; Cleveland, 1868-1871; Greeneville, 1872-1873; Presiding elder of Greeneville district, 1874-1877; same, Knoxville district, 1878-1881. He was then made financial agent of Grant University at Athens for a period beginning in 1882. For the years 1883 to 1886 he filled the pastorate at Maryville M.E. church and came from there to Second church, this city. His next service was a four-year term as presiding elder of Clinton district, 1885-1894; presiding elder of Knoxville district, 1891 to 1892. He then served as pastor at Johnson City, 1892-1893, and chaplain of the National Soldiers' Home, Johnson City, from 1890 until the time of his death. In the demise of Dr. Ruble, Methodism in this section loses one of its staunchest advocates, he was a Methodist Episcopal church, where blessed with a fruitful harvest for Christianity. Although the evening of his life was spent among the comrades of the Soldiers' Home, Dr. Ruble's wonderful influences for good were felt throughout the community, as he was ever willing to counsel for the advancement of the cause of Christ. On May 30th, this year, the deceased divine was invited to this city to deliver the annual memorial day address under the auspices of the local posts of the Grand Army of the Republic. Although the venerable minister was not feeling in the best of health, he consented to come to his city to pay the memorial address at the Market hall in this city. The inclement weather prevented the exercises being held in the National cemetery, where repose the remains of departed comrades of the sixties. The deceased was a forceful and convincing speaker and was firm in his stand for whatever he considered just and righteous and for the betterment of humanity. In his declining years, he remained steadfast in the faith of the Nazarene. His career was successful as a minister and loyal citizen and the news that he has fallen into eternal sleep will be received with sincere regret by hundreds representing all walks of life. For half a century, his labors were confined mainly to this part of the conference district, he having served as pastor at Maryville, Jonesboro, Cleveland. Elizabethton, Knoxville Johnson City and was presiding elder several districts. AT SEN. I LORIMER ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF WAR OF WAR DENNIS MAN WHO GAYS THE STORY IS A SCENES IN THE CIVIL WAR DENNIS THE CLERK: New York, Oct. 26. Democratic national headquarters made public last night the following telegram sent by Henry C. Breckinridge, former assistant secretary of war, to the Philadelphia Public Ledger in reply to statements made in a speech by Senator Lodge quoting him in reference to the alleged elimination of a postscript from the second Lusitania note: "Any one who quoted me to Secretary Lodge as represented in your telegram as quoted, is a scoundrel. No member of President Wilson's cabinet ever threatened him on any subject. The malice that would seek for partisan advantage to emasculate the potency of one's government in a vital international affair by the niongering of backstairs gossip is beneath contempt." Another denial of Senator Lodge's assertion was contained in a message received at Democratic headquarters from David M. Houston, secretary of agriculture, who said: "I have received a telegram from the Philadelphia Public Ledger reporting Senator Lodge as having said at Brockton that after the second Lusitania note had been read the President added a postscript informing the German government that the words strict accountability and other strong phrases were not to be taken seriously and that." I threatened to resign if the postscript was added. Of course, this is a fabrication pure and simple. The President would have been incapable of conceiving such a crooked course. "I never heard of such a postscript and did not threaten, and have at no other time, threatened to resign. I would have been astounded at the reported statement if I had not noted other irresponsible, unpatriotic, and disloyal utterances of republican leaders, especially those raising and dealing with sectionalism. Surely the republican leaders are very desperate and in sad need of issues when they lend themselves to such things." COL. JAMES SAMPLE IN NEW YORK Col. James Sample died October 25 in Memorial hospital in New York, after a lingering illness. Col. Sample had been a prominent figure at the Soldiers' Home in this city for a number of years, having left here last June to visit his sister in New York. He was not well when he left and gradually grew worse until the end came last Wednesday. Col. Sample was a prolific writer and for a long while contributed a page of war literature to the Knoxville Journal and Tribune and every Sunday and very ably conducted a department in The Comet also. He enlisted in the Civil War when he was a mere boy and served to the end of the conflict, but was 75 years of age and a few years ago attended a Confederate reunion at Richmond and enjoyed it immensely. He never tired of telling and of writing of his impressions and the treatment he received. WHY AVE NEED THE CONSOLIDATED SCHOOLS The life of the school depends upon the teacher. The success or failure of a school is largely determined by the teacher. We are proud of the fact that the standard of teaching is being raised in the State of Tennessee. We shall give our loyal support to the school officials who are trying to make teaching a real profession alongside medicine and law. We need in the teaching profession today men and women of scholarship, professional training, vision, and, above all, real community builders. The State of Tennessee is calling for teachers who are willing and anxious to work for the highest development of the boys and girls and for the betterment of the community. The consolidated school will have the services of the trained and efficient teacher, because it is an inducement to work under favorable conditions. The Southern Agriculturist. The man who puts on and takes off his jiiety with his Sunday suit is not lightly to be censured. Lots of flimsy fabrics are made for appearance rather than for service. Southern Agriculturist. KITING GOODS IS MOST IMPORTANT Ample Possession for Maintenance Should be Part of Improved Highway System (Weekly News Letter) Keeping good roads good is the most important task in connection with an improved highway system, once the construction work is completed. In the United States in the past, this task usually has been neglected, the improved roads in many instances being allowed to deteriorate until they became almost impassable, when they were, at heavy cost, rebuilt. That States and counties are now coming to recognize the need of careful and thoroughgoing maintenance, however, is indicated by the student of county road systems in different sections of the country recently made by the office of public roads and rural engineering of The department. While some of the eight counties in which intensive studies were made were found to have no provisions for maintenance and others were found to pay for upkeep of both roads out of bond-issue fluids, thus creating a debt that would outlive the temporary improvement by many years, two counties in widely separated States were found in which maintenance conditions were practically all that could be desired. In Mississippi, it was found, there is a state law requiring that a special annual tax shall be levied for the upkeep of all roads constructed by means of bond issues, the fund to be kept separate from all other funds, and to be used for maintenance only. Instead of deterioration taking place on the roads of some of the counties in other states on which examinations were made, it was found that in Lauderdale county, Miss., roads built several years ago and maintained from the special fund have actually improved since their completion. The county roads of Franklin county, N.Y., it was found, are maintained with a contribution of 5% per cent by the State and under indirect State supervision. As a result of this system, the roads have been kept up to their condition on completion. While provisions for maintenance were of the whole not satisfactory in the counties of the other States in which studies were made, this condition, since has been remedied in Virginia by the passage of a State law providing that an annual tax of not less than 3% of the amount of bonds issued shall be levied to provide. Vide a maintenance fund for bond bills roads. The existence of a regulation tending to lessen damage to roads and to reduce maintenance costs was revealed by the studies in Spotsylvania county, Ala., where the county supervisors had passed an ordinance placing a reekly low limit on loads that may be hauled in wagons fitted with narrow tires and a considerably higher limit on loads for wide-tired wagons. As a result, most of the wagons using the roads of the county have been fitted with tires ranging from 3 to 8 inches wide. OKMOt ItATS I SE SMUS.S ON CONGRESS CAMPAIGN Washington, Oct. 28. The democratic congressional campaign committee filed its statement today showing receipts of $125,646 and expenditures and obligations of $4,383. On the receipts, the democratic national committee contributed $2,100,000. HANK THAT IS IT E ALLY (OPPORTUNITY WITH FARMERS) A bank in the South, according to the United States Department of Agriculture, has an agricultural adviser. Not a man who tells the farmers how to farm, but a man who talks things over with farmers who wish loans, finds out what they mean to do with the money and advise them as to the amount to get for the purpose and the risk to assume. That is real cooperation with the farmer and worth more than all an bank can do in the way of sending out teachers and preachers of greater production. The farmer can find better agricultural advisers any time than the bank is likely to secure for him, but this An expert assistance with their financial problems is just the sort of help many farmers need. Southern Agriculturist. It is the Republican Campaign and now $1,267,757.20 New York, Oct. 28. Republican campaign contributions up to October 23 inclusive totaled $1,267,757.20, according to the national committee's report of the receipts and disbursements made public here today by Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr., treasurer of the committee. This amount came from 22,226 contributors. THE COMET FOR JOB WORK TO DISCUSS SHORTAGE INTERESTING COMMISSION TO INVESTIGATE THE HEIGHT OF THE PROBLEM LOUISVILLE, KY. IV. COMMISSIONERS SEND OCT. LIST OF QUESTIONS CO. It is. RACES TO ANSWER: Washington, Oct. 27,-An informal conference on the nationwide rate shortage will be conducted at Louisville, Nov. 3 and 4, by the Interstate Commerce Commissioner, McCormack, upon the urgent request of shippers. Representatives of all southern and eastern railroads and of southern shippers will be present. The southern and eastern railroads, through their representatives, will explain the present car distribution, the delays in movement and unloading, return of foreign cars to the owning lines, the assessment penalties for misuse of equipment and measures adopted for securing relief. The shippers charge that railroads receive cars for export without assurance of water shipping facilities and permit their use for storage. The originating railroad lines claim that their cars are not promptly returned. The interstate commerce commission today prepared a list of questions which they have requested tailroads to answer. These are each, line having many of its cars were off its lines on Nov. 1 next; how many foreign cars were off its lines on Nov. 1 next; how many foreign cars were on its lines, and how many for foreign cars were on its lines, and what results, if any, have its cars returned; what restrictions it applies to use of equipment; what particular traffic is favorable in distribution of cars, and whether there is any particular traffic that the road feels warranted in giving less than its ratable proportion of available cars, and whether there is any reason to believe that employees are discriminating between shippers in car distribution. Each road is asked whether the present traffic in territory is abnormal for this reason, and to what extent; how much additional equipment would be required to take care of all traffic that is out of service by reason of not meeting with interchange requirements; what proportion of equipment has been repaired within the past six months to make it fit for service; how many cars have been retired during the past year, and how many passed in service, or ordered, and when delivery of new cars is expected. The commission also calls on all roads to state to what they "attribute the present acute car shortage," whether these shippers are cooperating in the endeavor to relieve the situation and what suggestions they can make. THE WOULD MIGHT PLEAS MADE TO BE A KICK WHAT AM KICKS STAND FOR The final test of the validity, the strength, the irresistible force of the American ideal has come. The rest of the world must be made to realize from this time on just what America stands for, and when that happy time comes when peace shall reign again and America shall take part in the undisturbed and unclouded counsels of the world, it will be realized that the promises of the fathers, the ambitions of the men who fought for the bloody soil of Kansas, the ideals of the men who thought nothing of their lives in comparison with their ideals, will have been vindicated and the world will say: "America promised to hold this light of liberty and right up for the guidance of our feet, and behold she has redeemed her promise. Her men, her leaders, her rank and file, are pure of heart, they have purged their hearts of selfish ambition and they have said to all mankind: 'Amen and brethren, let us live together in righteousness and in the peace which springeth only from the soil of righteousness itself.' President Wilson, at Kansas City, Feb. 2, 1916. The inalienable right of every man to make a vote of himself is exercised to the full extent by the man who votes from prejudice or for a party name without any attempt to study the questions at issue or the personalities of the candidates. Southern Agriculturist. When an elder children going to get their Christmas money? Have they had a chance to earn it at some useful task? A wrong management if they haven't. Southern Agriculturist.
| 37,406 |
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikudiya
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Kikudiya
|
https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kikudiya&action=history
|
Swahili
|
Spoken
| 62 | 170 |
Kikudiya ni lugha ya Kidravidi nchini Uhindi inayozungumzwa na Wakudiya. Mwaka wa 2007 idadi ya wasemaji wa Kikudiya imehesabiwa kuwa watu 2800. Kufuatana na uainishaji wa lugha kwa ndani zaidi, Kikudiya iko katika kundi la Kitulu.
Viungo vya nje
lugha ya Kikudiya kwenye Multitree
makala za OLAC kuhusu Kikudiya
lugha ya Kikudiya katika Glottolog
lugha ya Kikudiya kwenye Ethnologue
Lugha za Uhindi
| 4,157 |
https://github.com/PeterMitrano/allwpilib/blob/master/hal/lib/athena/FRC_FPGA_ChipObject/nInvariantFPGANamespace/tAI.h
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,016 |
allwpilib
|
PeterMitrano
|
C++
|
Code
| 133 | 464 |
// Copyright (c) National Instruments 2008. All Rights Reserved.
// Do Not Edit... this file is generated!
#ifndef __nFRC_C0EF_1_1_0_AI_h__
#define __nFRC_C0EF_1_1_0_AI_h__
#include "tSystemInterface.h"
namespace nFPGA
{
namespace nFRC_C0EF_1_1_0
{
class tAI
{
public:
tAI(){}
virtual ~tAI(){}
virtual tSystemInterface* getSystemInterface() = 0;
static tAI* create(unsigned char sys_index, tRioStatusCode *status);
virtual unsigned char getSystemIndex() = 0;
typedef enum
{
kNumSystems = 2,
} tIfaceConstants;
typedef enum
{
} tCalOK_IfaceConstants;
virtual bool readCalOK(tRioStatusCode *status) = 0;
typedef enum
{
} tDoneTime_IfaceConstants;
virtual unsigned int readDoneTime(tRioStatusCode *status) = 0;
typedef enum
{
kNumOffsetRegisters = 8,
} tOffset_IfaceConstants;
virtual signed int readOffset(unsigned char reg_index, tRioStatusCode *status) = 0;
typedef enum
{
kNumLSBWeightRegisters = 8,
} tLSBWeight_IfaceConstants;
virtual unsigned int readLSBWeight(unsigned char reg_index, tRioStatusCode *status) = 0;
private:
tAI(const tAI&);
void operator=(const tAI&);
};
}
}
#endif // __nFRC_C0EF_1_1_0_AI_h__
| 10,740 |
https://github.com/PolyOmica/jvarkit/blob/master/src/main/java/com/github/lindenb/jvarkit/util/vcf/swing/AbstractVcfTable.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
jvarkit
|
PolyOmica
|
Java
|
Code
| 297 | 846 |
/*
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2020 Pierre Lindenbaum
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
History:
* 2014 creation
*/
package com.github.lindenb.jvarkit.util.vcf.swing;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import htsjdk.variant.variantcontext.VariantContext;
import htsjdk.variant.vcf.AbstractVCFCodec;
import htsjdk.variant.vcf.VCFHeader;
import com.github.lindenb.jvarkit.util.swing.AbstractGenericTable;
/**
*
* AbstractVcfTable
*
*/
public abstract class AbstractVcfTable
extends AbstractGenericTable<String>
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Pattern tab=Pattern.compile("[\t]");
public abstract List<String> getSamples();
public AbstractVcfTable()
{
}
@Override
public String getColumnName(int column)
{
VCFHeader.HEADER_FIELDS headers[]= VCFHeader.HEADER_FIELDS.values();
if(column< headers.length)
{
return headers[column].name();
}
if(column==headers.length)
{
return "FORMAT";
}
column-=(headers.length+1);
return getSamples().get(column);
}
@Override
public int getColumnCount()
{
int n=VCFHeader.HEADER_FIELDS.values().length;
if(this.getSamples().isEmpty())
{
return n;
}
return n+1+getSamples().size();
}
@Override
public Object getValueOf(String s, int columnIndex)
{
if(s==null) return null;
String tokens[]=tab.split(s,columnIndex+2);
return columnIndex<tokens.length?tokens[columnIndex]:null;
}
public abstract AbstractVCFCodec getCodec();
public VariantContext getVariantContextAt(int rowIndex)
{
String line = getElementAt(rowIndex);
if(line==null) return null;
return getCodec().decode(line);
}
}
| 10,281 |
bpt6k41401541_3
|
French-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
La Dépêche : journal quotidien
|
None
|
French
|
Spoken
| 7,868 | 13,428 |
DECISIONS CONFIRMEES. — François-Pascal Estorgue, 44 ans, forgeron, sans domicile connu, vola, dans la nuit du 31 mars au 1er avril, le cheval et la voiture de M. Jean Duran, carrossier à Molière. Le tribunal de Montauban lui infligea, le 20 juillet, un an de prison. Cette sentence est confirmée. — Jean-Adrien Boutillier, 39 ans, chiffonnier, s'est entendu condamner, le 1er août, à Pamiers, à deux mois de prison rour vagabondage et mendicité. Décision maintenue. — La cour confirme encore le jugement du tribunal de Villefranche-de-Lauraguais du 3 août octroyant quatre mois de prison et vingt sous d'amende à un vieux chemineau Isidore Gasquet, 66 ans, arrêté à Revel pour ivresse, outrages et rébellion aux agents de police. Tribunal correctionnel Présidence de M. Ramet ministère public, M Bou-niol, substitut; greffier, M. Pinel. Audience du 10 août DELITS DE PECHE. — Nous approchons des vacances judiciaires — elles commence ront mardi prochain — et le tribunal correctionnel — il aura siégé quatre jours de suite cette semaine — épuise l'arriéré. Aujourd'hui, il évacue un petit lot d'affaires de pêche, condamnant à de doubles et triples amendes de 5 francs, augmentées d,a de plus pour ceux qui ont refusé de remettre aux agents verbalisateurs les engin.s prohibés : épuisettes et éperviers mentionnes au procès-verbal, les amateurs de poisson défendu que le parquet défère à sa J U bXlC 0. ii/r?es^ canal du Midi, boulevard de La Marquette, et au canal de Brienne aux Ami-donni-ers et vers l'Embouchure, que les dé.linquants dont il s'agit : MM. Auguste V.... 20 fans, manoeuvre, rue LafPorgue ; Pierre T..., 16 ans, aux Sept-Deniers; Gustave A..., 44 ans, tourneur sur bois rue Harispe ; Paul Hoo., 30 ans, tonn.eli.er. rue Thionville, ont été surpris par les gardes-pêche les 3 Ornai, 2, 7, 10, 12 et 13 juin, à des heures diverses du jour et de la nuit, et quelques-uns des délinquants comme MM. Auguste V... et Paul H... retombant volontairement le lendemain dans leur erreur de la veille. Paieront-ils seulement l'amende qui leur est infligée ? On en doute au palais, mais 11 y a la contrainte par corps. UNE QUERELLE, RUE HELIOT. — Dans la soirée du 19 juillet, à la .suite d'injurieux propos échangés rue Héliot, maison L...,, entre les éopoux L..., propriétaires, et la dame Ro-sa D..., lerur locataire, cette dernière fut maltraitée et traînée par les cheveux par lesdits époux L..., M. L... raconte au tribunal qu'on avait mis des excréments sur sa porte : « Je trouvais cela vilain, dit-il, et j'en fis la remarque devant les dames Rose D... et M... sans pourtant les accuser de cette incongruité. La dame D... proféra contre moi des menaces et chercha quer-elle à ma femme Angélique qui rentrait à la maison accompagnée d'e notre petit-fils. « Je la saisis par les bras. Elle m'envoya un coup de pied au bas-ventre. Je la repoussai. Elle tomba dans l'escalier. Voilà tout. » La plaignante affirme, au contraire, qu'elle fut insultée sans motif, renversée sur le sol, battue et traînée par les cheveux sans la moindre provocation de sa part. Et les « pro-prios » dont il s'agit sont représentés par la police comme .ayant souvent maille à partir avec leurs locataires. Tout de même la preuve des faits reprochés à la dame Angélique L... n'étant pas suffisamment établie, le tribunal la relaxie. il condamne, par contre, le mari à 100 francs l'amende et aux dépens. Mais le SUTSIS est prononcé. AU JOUR LE JOUR Echos du Palais Les aveux pleins de Réticence du pêcheur Auguste Gardelle ont obligé M. Gostes, juge d'instruction, à reprendre le dossier de l'affaire du Bazacle et à citer de nouveau les quatre fermilers du droit de pêche que Gardellie prétend l'avoir assailli, ce qui l'aurait amené à frapper Gasçpuet avec son couteau. L'assefti'on de cet homme est d'ailleurs formellement démentie par les fermiers. — La chambra des rnisej en accusation 81 renvoyé, hier, devant l'a co.ur d'assises de la Haute-Garonne , un nommé Jean-Bertrand DIM1t.ig;we.S, 26 ans, dont la tentative d'évasion de la prison de Sainb-Ga.udens était récem| ment punie de huit mtois de détention. Dartigues est inculpé de quatre vols qualifiés ou tentative de vol. Dans lia nuit du 30 septembre 190.5, à Boulogne-sur-Geisse, il a cam'briioilé l'appartement de M. Barthélémy Jeattibert; dans lia nuit du 4 au 5 octobre, il a teinté de forcer le c.œfre-fort diu bureau de l'a game de l'a compagnie des chemins de fer du Sud-O'ufâst à l'Isle-en--D:odon. et dérobé c-hez-M. Jean Louibenis -unte somme de 50 fr.; enfin, à Mondilhan, dans l'a nuit du 19 au 20 octobre, il a opéré une petite, rafle de monnaie chez M. Trinque. —_ La cour d'appel a tenu., hier, sa dernière audience d'avant leis vacances. La première audience de vacation aura lieu le 31 août; la deuxième, le 18 septembre, et la troisième, le 12 octobre, la rentrée restant toujours fixée au 16 octobre, — MM. Ressayre, consei'ller à, la cour d'appel de Toulouse, et Lafont de Sentena.c. substitut de M. le procureur général, accompagnéls de M. ROUimieux, commis-greffier, sont partis hier .soir, en transport de justice pour le canton d' Ax -lesTherme's. Ces messieurs vont procéder, à Miontaillau, au supplément d'enquête ordonné le 19 juillet par la chambre des mises en accusation dans une affaire d'assassinat. Il s'agit du meurtre d'un propriétaire du pays, Baptiste Rouzeaux, ^ dit Martinou, d/ont les auteurs : Mathieu -Lieux et Jean Clergue. devaient être déférés aux assises de l'Arnège à cette der-niere session d'août. A l'instruction on s'est occupé, hier, de deux affaires de vol et d'une affaire d'excitation habituelle de mineures à la débauche. 7^ ^ teune Raptisite B..., manœuvre au ipet-it , Periole, conduit au roetift parquet à la suite de la découverte ù'un long poignard calabrais dans sa ceinture, a été relâché après les formalités du procès-verbal. La Rage et les Chiens Le maire, M. Bedouce, vient de prendre l'arrêté suivant : F Attendu que de' nombreux cas de rage ont été récemment signalés sur le territoire de la com-mune cette maladie, importe d'arrêter la propagation de Arrêtons : sont Article premier. 7 ,Les propriétaires de chiens pendant il délai à i en observation chez eux, tembre 1906. ^ mois, du 11 aoûi au 11 sep-chien, 2. ils Toutes les le !ois qu'ils feront sortir leur personne nrtnH? , faire accompagner par une Art adulte qui le tiendra en laisse. toutefois admis à circuler libre-et de accom ' circulant sur Sauf l'exception ci-dessus, tout chien laisse, slw ral?t Xa16 publique, sans être tenu en fifiii?' capturé,, mis en fourrière et gardé priétaire. francs à la disposition de son prochien Art. propriétaire qui réclamera son sous les t e, n en obtiendra la remise que rpÎa riT? conditions énoncées à l'article 5 de l'ar-rete £lu 21 mai 1889. Il pourra s'y présenter de sept tieures du matin à six heures du soir. ioi= àJL chiens non réclamés dans' les dé-lais fixés a 1 article 4 seront abattus Art. '• — Sont maintenues, en ce qu'elles n'ont al:'rètés de antérieurs.contraire au présent, les disposill«ns des Services municipaux L'administration rniL'.nicip,&Ie a fait visû'jter iaietr après-midi, par um chef d-e service et docteur Chabaud, la salle du théâtre pu CaPitole. où le besoin d'un séirieux nettoyage hygiénique se fait depuis longtemps I Pendant que cette visite s'effectuait, M. Be-ctouce, maire-députté, accompagné de M. Fa-landry, adjoint aux finances, l'un eit l'autre en petit veston de travail et tête-nue, (parcouraient les diverses dépendances des bureaux du Capitale afin de dé,couvrioe t" local propice à l'installation des préposés à 1-a pe;rcep>-tion des droits de place et des marchés niné-s.ente.me.nit logés d'ans 1-" rU? Ro-risse. Cigaliers Toulousains Les Cigialiers toulousains offriront, ce soir, à leuirs bienfaiteurs et amis, un concert où seront exécutés las chœurs couronnés au de Cah>oirs. Voici le pfiOglT1amme L 'Art et le Peuple, morceau ck.., P. Pastor. — Le Motis d'Arnour, morceau de J Ritz. i! Touilouso, morceau de J. Guiilhot. Le coincei*t aura lieu à neuf heures, au café ! Cailhaha, allée Saint-Agne. I Ligue de la Médaille d'honneur Les membres de la Ligiue de la médaille d'honneur sont invités àJ vouloir bien assis-• a réunion générale qui aura lieu au-hyl s'amedli 11 août, à huit heures et du soir, ancienne Faculté des lettres, rue die RémusCIJt, ipouir assister à. la lecture de la 0,0 Il1Il11Ji.cj¡SiiiQlll des fêtes, et proûéaier aju contrôle des oartes d'adhérents. Sauveteurs Toulousains la Société des Sauveteurs .toulousains et gée de officiellement char-établir des postes de secours dans le département et en ville pendant la traversée des voitures automobiles de la course du Matin pendant la journée du 13 août. ceOTInerCie^ août, une section assurera le service à la course de taureaux de Luchon et campera dans cette ville les 14 et 15 août. cette section organisera, en outre, des postes de secours permanents dans la région luchonnaise les 16 et 17 août. Service du Dimanche 12 Août Poste du Parc Toulousain, deux infirmiers, service spécial, quatre infirmiers; bateau Ire section, six heures et demie du matin, école i de natation. L'Harmonie socialiste Ce soiir samedi, sur la place du GapitoJe, l'Htairmonie socialiste donnera um concert, de n'eut à dix heures, qui sera suiivi d'un baj de dix heures à minuit. Avis aux Voyageurs MM. les voyageurs et représentants de com'mieroe désireux de faire partie du comité républicain sont priés de se rendre, aujourd'hui samedi, à huit heures et demie du soir, café Biberut, pour prendre connaissance des statuts. Sur leur demande il leur sera adressé personnellement tous les renseignements nécessaires. Cours de Vacances L'administration du lycée de Toulouse a. l'honneur ^ de rappeler aux familles que les cours de revision pour l.es divers baccalauréalts s'ouvriront le 17 août. Pouir tous renseignements, s'adipassefn à M. le provfeeuir. Groupe corporatif des Chemins de fer Les employés et ouvriers de® chemins de fer dJu Midi, de l'Orléans et dra Sud-Ouest désirant faire partie du groupe socialiste oorpotratif en voie de formation, sont paries d'assister à la. réunion préparatoire qui aura lieu lundi 13 août, à hudt heures et demie diu soir, au café Faget, salle diu Belvédèrê. Syndicat de l'Epicerie en détail du Sud-Ouest Le syndicat (siège social, hôtel Mazères, à Toulouse), organe de revendications et de défense commerciale, ayant créé la, société auxiliaire FUniom de l'Epicerte. offre gratuitement aux professionnels ses statuts et ses règilemente. Pour les recevoir franco, détacher le présent appel et joindre son adresse. Le secrétaire du syndicat, Lasserrre. Les Sports à Toulouse CONVOCATIONS DIVERSES Guidon Saint-Cyprien Les membres du Guidon Saint-Cyprien sont priés d'assister à la réunion générale qui aura. lieu aujourd'hui, samedi, à neuf heures et demie du soir au siège du Club. Ordre du jour : Championnat des 50 kilomètres professionnels (engagements). Sortie du 15 août, à ' ViLlefranche. Admissions de nouveaux membres Questions importantes. Espérance sportive toulousaine MM., les sociétaires sont priés de se rendre à la réunion obligatoire de ce soir, au siège social. Ordre du jour : Compte rendu de la sortie de dimanche ; dernières dispsitions à prendre pour la course du 12 : versement des cotisations Présence indispensable. Tout membre absent qui n'aura pas fait parvenir de lettre d'excuse sera considéré comme démissionnaire.. Nouvelles Diverses Incendie | Hier soir, vers sept heures et demie, un incandie s'est déclaré dans l'immeuble portant le numéro 10 dui boulevard Ma.tatbiau, appartenant à M. Planard, rentier. Le feu a pris naissance dans un hangar servant de magasin et die remi&e et occupé par M. Laignes, marchand de vins, liquides et denrées, .qui a son logement boulevard d'Arcole, 5. Les marchandises qui s'y trouvaient ont été détruites, ainsi que trois voitures. M. Henri Salignié, domestique de M. Laignes. avait quitté les lieux le dernier, vers six heures trois qu'arts. Les pompiers ont combattu l'incendie avec trois pompes, commandés par le sous-lieutenant Dauber t. On évalue les 'dégâts à une vingtaine de mille francs, couverts par une assurance. Remarqué sur les lieux: M ML Pinel, adjoin 0 au 'maire ; Proisy, commissaire de police ; Jarrousseau, inspecteur, et une escouade d'agents. L'agent cycliste François Sahatier a eu la (presenoe d'esprit de sauver un ctoerval enfermé dans une caJbine du hangar et dont la cri-nière commençait à flamber. Les causes de cet incendie soirt inijonnues. Cambriolage La dame Carmen Piguaria, 'domiciliée rue Caffarelli, 34, a déclaré la nuit dernière, à la permanence, qu'on lui avait dérobé un réticule contenant 70 fr., des photograplîies et des papiers de famille. Le vol aurait été commis vers sept heures et demie du soir, dans une chambre au rez-de-c/haussée, pendant que la plaignante était dans un appartement voi-siju Une enquête est ouverte au quatrième arrondissement. Le Contrôle des Voyageurs M. le commissaire central vient de donner des ordres sévères aux agents de la sûreté charges du service des hôtels et garnis, a l'effet de surveiller ces établissements, qui' ne se conforment plus exactement à l'arrêté de police en date du 27 juillet 1844, lequel prescrit d'inscrire journellement les entrées et sorties des voyageurs. 11 a été constaté que depuis quelque temps les hôteliers, notamment, négligeaient de se conformer .g. ces prescriptions. Les Barbouilleurs de devantures Les marchands de papier peint sont dans {11116 Eiau-vaise passe. Les aimables barbouil pm -être U m £aisons ne serait bien difficile de découvrir, dé-i quelques leur jours la couleur de de eur maga.sin, continuent la de leurs exploits nocturnes. r ah»tntenu so,nt pris hier au magasin de M. oorroâif' i • Arcole' A l'aide d'un corrosif vis ont badigeonné dans tous les sens L ÎJ^Urerte' sont p.artis, laissant àla S-lice le soin de retrouver leur adresse. Vols e.nquête septièrn:e arrondissement procède à une ' mis !U' d'un TOl de volailles com caro et au préjudice 'de M. Gis-caro, propriétaire, rue de Gugnaux. arroncLlsiS'ement, enquête est oaverte, au cinquième et ' au sujet d'un vol de linge diee £ f diame cornmis au domicile et au priju Bataille, 4. Bardy. demeurant chemin de Collision Hier soir, vers quatre heures, une collision inLf", face le numéro 39 de la rue Al-sace, entre deux bicyelistes, MM. L... et A... t s est borné à des dégâts matériels. Accident Dans la -n-aversee de la rue Bayard, avant-bi^isoir, le conducteur Henri Josselin, 55 ans qui se tenait sur le marchepied d'un ligne Gare-Miatabiau-Saint-m rvAntîrvn ^Va attention retenue par la perception du prix des places des voyageurs, moyeu a violemment de la heurté au pied droit par le ^a hflnLfr ?)rue d un qui stationnait à la hauteur du numéro 55. Cournet, Après avoir ce reçu ^ soins à la pharmacie vnnnrf 6 conducteur a été transporté en voiture à son domicile, rue des Prés Trouvailles A réclamer : Castex, avenue de Muret, 59, une cein-ture de dame ; à M. BoiSiSel, rue Pouzonville, de boucher ; à M. Mauré, rue Tournante-de-Luppé, 14, une montre en a.r-w Ja agent de la sûreté Ciazaoulou, une contenant une petite somme ; au Ca-pUant épaves, un double mètre tabiau, une clé.; au burea,u, de police, rue MaI faire un cadeau à l'occasion ir»irc Sainte-Marie, adressez-vous aux GA-«hnii LrHPi ? ESa, vous y trouverez un ^noix d articles nouveaux et de bon goût, à oes prix modérés. A partir de ce jour, 'la CRÉDIT MODERNE. paiement les BONS DU ON SE CHAUSSE 11, rue Alsace, angle Esquirol. Solidité, Elégance. Garçon! UN TRILLES frambo:set Tonique et rafraîchissant! CHAMBRE en Noyer, Occasion. 86, Eue Riquet COMMUNICATIONS ET AVIS DIVERS bMiuiT. — on demande : une R?® allemande, des ouvrières chemisières travaillant chez elles ; un garçon de cantine de 24 à 30 ans très sérieux, il y a un cheval à soigner --une bonne cuisinière pour une cantine • ' des ouvrières jet demi-ouvrières repasseuses un garçon de 15 ans pour service de restaurant • une apprentie chemisière ; un apprenti biscuitler une femme de chambre pour le buffet d'Agen. — S adresser au bureau annexe de laf B"woe du travail, rue Maletache, 7. S^DICAT DES OUVRIERS ET OUVRIERES EN r Uii a USSURES. — Les camarades syndiqués , sont priés de se rendre à la réunion qui aura lieu le dimanche 12 çourant, à neuf heures et demie précises du matin, Bourse du travail, pour la distribution des carnets de la fédération. Ordre du jour : Question très importante à discuter. C$OOPERATIVE DES LAYETIERSrMALLETIERS « LA TOULOUSAINE ». — Tous les actionnaires sont invités à assister à la réunion générale qui aura lieu dimanche, 12 courant, au siège social, à neuf heures et demie du matin. — Ordre du jour : Réception de nouveaux adhérents • ' questions diverses. DE LA JUNCASSE. Tous les sociétaires sont priés d assister à la réunion qui aura lieu ce soi r samedi, à neuf heures, au siège de la société, salle Caries, à la Juacasse. Questions très importantes EQUIPEMENT MILITAIRE. — Les ouvriers et prières da l'équipement militaire (chaussure) sont priés de se rendre à la réunion qui aura lieu dimanche 12 courant, S neuf heures précises du matin, Bourse du travail. JARDINIERS. MTVr les jardiniers de commune de Toulouse, Aucamviîle, Launaguet,la Fonbeauregard et Saint-Alban sont priés d'assister reUmon qui aura lieu dimanche 12 courant salle Sesquierres, à quatre heures et demie du mission jour : Compte rendu la com —Z TOULOUSAINE DES ANCIENS soir, réunion amicale. Présentation de nouveaux membres. Versements. JEUNESSE place SOCIALISTE Réunion ce soir au fions' diverses.11 Capitole. Ordre du = Ques AMICALE DU FER-A-CHEVAL MM. les sociétaires sont priés de se rendre ce soir samedi à la r JÎ.1 a? î-T11 aura lieu au siège social, « Grand Bar de 1 Avenue », à neuf heures précise. — Ordre nuelle du jour : du Organisation définitive de la sortie an-L vi + grand concours de pêche fixés au 2 septembre prochain. Versement des cotisations Présence de rigueur. ' j tition OHORAL TOULOUSAIN. Ce soir samedi répé1 générale. Présence indispensable. CommuniC cation importante. £ ÉTAT CIVIL DE TOULOUSE DECES DES 8, 9 ET 10 AOUT Jean Baron, 10 mois, rue d'Astorg, 42. Paul Bonnis, 21 jours, rue des Récollets, 102. Cayral, veuve Laboup, 84 ans, route de Fronton îifi —1 Bernard Andrau, 73 ans, Côte-Pavés, 94. — Azéma épouse Baqué, 55 ans, Oité-Ouvrière. Jean Bou-' che, 4 ans, rue des Quatre-Billards, 5. — Jeanne Abadie, 5 mois, rue Saint-Michel, 61. — Jeanne Poussy, 13 ans, avenue de Muret (impasse Cahu-zac). Faucille, veuve Méda, 76 ans, mur de ronde de Bourrassol. — Jeanne Rességuier, 16 ans, rue de Bourrassol. — Marie Berné. 17 jours, ri a dés Novars, 24. Hospices, 4. François Assalit 60 ans, allée de Ousrnaux 49 Séraphin Passepont, 59 ans, avenue C'amille-Pujol, 79 Jean) L jeplas, 9 mois, route de IBalma. An' dréa Alcoutfe, 3 mois, à la Salade. — Pélicie Bastide, 18 mois, rue Saint-IBertrand, 17. Hospices, 1. , Edmond Durand, 9 mois, avenue Camille-Pujol, 73. — Henriette Thomas, 1 an, rue Bernard-Mulé, Piquemal, épouse Manganne, 37 ans, rue Riquet, 94.Marguerite Espagnet, 7 mois, place des Ravelins, 13. — Lauzéro, épouse Durand, 37 ans, avenue de Paris, 7. — Léon Subra, 7 mois, a Saint-Simon. — Benoît Méau, 75 ans, rue Elvire. pices. Joseph 1 Lacourt, 33 ans, quartier, Soupetard. Hos^ un -32~ 1 Tî et les jeux de Whist D Règles complètes dee Cercles Whfst a quatre î ses variétés, Whist grands à troia avec un mort. Whist de Goud, etc. Un volume broche. — Prix : 75 c. seulement El tente dans Boa bnreaUl et chez tous les dépositaires de U DÉPÊCHI -mmnmmm1, DERNIÈRE HEURE Terrible Naufrage 10 août (officiel). Le chiffre total des survivants 219 du c Sirio s est de 603. Il man-mes d'équipage.pe,rsonnes, passagers (ÏU'hom Carthagène, 10 août. par les écoutilles MrtavTttc le », on aperçoit des monceaux de' «U 1 nombre de ceux qui sont em-Augmente chaque jour.. T a prises pour les recueillir. Le consul d Italie a envoyé un remoraueur avec le personnel du consulat et le remorqueurper.sonneJ: sanitaire pour identifier les cadavres qui se trouvent à bord du « Sirio ». H naUfrage Carthagène, du 10 ,août. Les survivants du u, If SiT.io » sont disposés à irécla-mer quelle 9 indemnités à la compagnie à Isu-appartient le t Sirio », au cas où il .Serait démontré de que la catastrophe est lai 1 lmPrudence ou de l'ignorance du capitaine. s EN RUSSIE Les Bombes «nssa'j août. Une jeune demoiselle, ^.u général Printz. dissimulant unis bombe réticule, s'avança à la rencontre des généraux Kaulbars et Karangozott pour les tuer, lorsqu'elle glissa; elle laissa jeune tomber son réticule et -la bombe éclata. La, jeune tille fut poursuivie par la policeelle courut aussitôt à l'hôtel, où elle se suicida. Une Déclaration du comte Heyden août. — un se rap<epu une communication gouv-ernenien, P i d clarait; le 7 août, que le projet du gou-^ inviter des hommes politiques, à entrer dans le ministère avait parce que ces personnages • -e' qu 'ils Pourraient agir avec plus rito dj profit pour la réalisation pacifique des S en ne s écartant nas actuellement de La tLIkIq qui leur est propre et exige de mobmsation la société. ^.e toutes les forces modérées liUques On assure aujourd'hui dans les cercles po-rS que le* comte Heyden et MM. Lvov eC 0 résolu de publier dans les1 "î10 déclamation gouvernementale et expliquant qu'ils refusèrent d"entrer dans le ministère, uniquiemen/t parce que, quo1l qu ils eussent pleine possibilité de former un group,e de cinq et même six candidats mi...nistériels, on consentit à leur accorder seulement deux portefeuilles vacants, chose qu4 r?!? associant en apparence à l'acte vité tout du gouvernement, les aurait en réalité réduits a une complète impuissance et que, consiéquemment, leur entrée dans le ministère: aurait perdu toute raison d'être. Les Arrestations Saint-Pétersbourg, 10 août. — La police def jet Mo,scou a arrêté hier et aujourd'hui, 150 révolutionnaires. Londres, 10 août. — Quoique les négocia. tions au sujet de la Crète se poursuivent en.tre les puissances, le bruit qu'il a été décidé ne de nommer M. Romanos, ancien ministre de.1 & affaires étrangères, comme successeur du* • , . prince Georges au gouvernement de la Crète,; n; est tout à, fait inexact. Le nom de M. Ro" r. manos n'a pa; été prononcé pendant le cours le des négociations. a,..^.Toulon, août. — Une vive inquiétude, s est manifestée ce soir en villa, où le bruit s était répandu aue le cuirassé Bouvet étai'r ^ l 'on craignait une explosion. le des soutes à poudre étant bondées de muniie tions Ce bruit avait été provoqué par un inscandie des pinèdes avoisinant les batteries de u Samt-Mandryer, situées en face d-3 la rade i les flammes, qui atteignaient une grande bau. s teur, semblaient s'élever au-dessus du Bouvet. La préfecture maritime fut prévenue imoo L rriediatement et aussitôt les secours affluèrent a Le contre-amiral Fort, préfet maritime, s'est rendu sur les lieux. On annonce que plusieurs matelots ont été 4 blessés par le feu, qui a envahi plusieurs Î, hectares; des batteries sont menacées. Paris, 10 août. M. de Saint-Cyr, receveur particulier des finances à Nérac, est nommé 1 à Muret; M. Bertin, receveur particulier -de L Villefranche-de-Lauragais, est nomirïê à St-1 Jean-d'Angely; M. Gaillard, est nommé rece, veur particulier à Villefranche-de-Lauragais. : Amiens, 110 août. — M. Fiquet, député raïï* cal socialiste et maire d'Amiens, avait cru devoir se démettre de ses fonctions municipal-' les. parce que le gouvernement ne se faisait pas représenter à la fête du Devoir, org&niru^ le 15 août par la Fédération nationale des so oietés de sauvetage. Une dépêche de M. Sar-rien a fait connaître à la municipalité que M. Bérard était chargé de représenter le gouvernement cette cérémonie ; mais M. Bérard ne pouvait s'y rendre, n'ayant pas été officiellement invité. ,MFiquet a ce soir, envoyé cette invitatool et retiré sa démission. Paris, 10 août. — Marc Lapierre, avec saf famille, est arrivé ce soiir, yenant de Boulogne; il a ét.é amené à la Sûreté et mis à 181 djspo.sition de M. Jolltot, juge d'instruction, et, de là, a été écroué au Dépôt. Paris, 10 août. — M. Sarrau t, sous-sec réw taire d'Etat à l'intérieur, se rendra demain, à quatre heures, au château de Rambouillet pouir remercier le président de la République! de la vive sympathie que M. Fallières lui ai témoignée) dn venant prendre personnellement et à plusieurs reprises rues nouvelles de sa santé. Pamis, 10 août. — On a découvert à Fran04 cheville (Rhône) le cadavre de M. Descottes, notaire à Corbelin (Isère), oui s'était enfui | il y a quelques jours en laissant un passif considérable; il s'est tué d'une balle dans lai tête. On a trouvé sur lui une lettre dans laquelle il demande pardon à sa femme di son suicide. t Rio-de-Janeiro. 10 août. — Le service de lac police s'est mutiné et a attaqué le palais di gouverneur ; on considère toutefois ce mo<y veinent comme sans importance. Automobilisme LA COUPE DE FRANCE Niarruz. iu aOUt. — bont encore arrivées data le temps utile, la voiture 47, avec pénalisation de la voiture 32 . les voitures 2 et 29 ne sont pas aïs rivées lors de la clôture du contrôle. Demain, à partir de onze heures, départ douï Pau. .*--~-"-'-.«.'.--!M~~~__--_l----,. DICTIONNAIRE DES COMMUNES . par Gu1dre de NANCT». Relié en toUt 1 :UO:6. estamPé noir et OP. — P11y'1 8 fr; 60 franco par la poste, an lien de 5 fr. — Adre» ter les demandes et te montant au Directeur de 14 IL-Péch& UN CAS REMARQUABLE A TOULOUSE Lé e&à suivant est publié ici parce que nous croyons qu'il intéressera beaucoup dè nos ,lecteurs qui souffrent de la même maladie. Mme Villedieu, 21, rue Escoussières-Arruaud-Sc-rnard, à Toulouse, nous dit : * Depuis plusieurs années je souffrais de violentes douleurs dans les reins. Le docteur m'avait dit que c'était un lumbago qui m'était resté à la suite d'un effort un peu brusque. J'avais été obligée de garder le lit pen-dant quelques semaines et depuis, bien sou' vent, je ne savais comment me tenir. Il m'était impossible de me relever après m'être baissée sans ihe tenir les côtés avec les deux plains. Il tn'était survenu avec cela une foule démalaises et complications : des mauvaises digestions, des névralgies, des maux de fête, des vertiges, et, comme je ne dormais itâfi la nuit, fêtais toujours mal à l'aise et réprouvais une lassitude générale. J'étais bien désolée et je voyais la vie toute en noir, lIuand ma fille, qui avait entendu dire beaucoup de bien des Pilules Foster pour les Reins, s'en procura à la pharmacie Parisienne, 7, place Lafayette, à Toulouse. Je fus très heureuse dès les premiers jours de me sentir plus forte, et à mesure que je continuais mon traitement, mon amélioration faisait de véritables progrès. Au bout de quinze jours environ, j'étais bien guérie. Aujourd'hui je fais mon travail sans fatigue et je suis tellement heureuse qu'il me semble que i jç ne me suis jamais mieux portée. Je certifie exact ce qui précède et vous autorise à la publier. » , La nervosité, le mal de dos, le teint jaune, l'insomnie, l'irritabilité, le manque d'appétit, le sentiment de lassitude, le besoin incessant de mouvement, voilà autant de signes que le sang n'a pas été débarrasse de ses impuretés par les reins. Les Pilules Foster pour lès Reins donnent aux reins l'aide et la force nécessaires pour que non seulement ijs éliminent ces poisons, mais encore qu'ils filtrent le sang parfaitement etl'égulièrement, empêchant ainsi tout retour de .malaises. C'est la raison pour laquelle les Pilules Foster pour les freins opèrent des guérisons durables. A&sufêït-Vbtis qu'on Vous donne les Pilules ' Foster pour les Reins de la même espèce que celles qu'a eues Mme Villedieu. On peut , se les procurer dans toutes les pharmacies à raison de 3 fr. 50 la boîte ou de 19 francs les six boîtes ou franco par la poste en envoyant le montant voulu à : Spécialités Foster, H. Binac, pharmacien, 25, rue Saint-Ferdinand, PartS. — D. T., 1. CHEMINS DE FER Avaries. — Formalités à accomplir Je reçois de divers cotés des demandes de Renseignements à propos d'avaries survenues , à des mairchandises en cours de route, pouir lesquelles les compagnies se refusent à indem: fiiser les ayants-droit. Je ne peux, à ce sujet, que rappeler ce que ! trcLi eu plusieurs fois l'occasion de dire à mes ' lectemirs. Pour réserver ses droits, il y a lieu tout d'&-Ï)ôrd dè se conformer aux prescriptions de l'article 105 du Code de commerce, qui spéc1fie que dans les trois jours, non compris les jours fériés, qui suivent celui de la réception, des objets et du paiement du prix die transport, le destinataire doit notifier au voiturier, par aète extra-judiciaire 0'11 paT lettre recOIDmandée sa protestation motivée. A défaut de cette formalité, !a compagnie, iteffis la généralité des cas. est en droit d'op-poser une fin de non recevoir. Si les prescriptions impérative-s de l'article 105 peuvent d'ailleurs, pat exception, cesser d'être applicables, ce n'est que sous la doubla fcOTKlition que le deatinat.a.ire ait --ilait des réserves au moment de la livraison des marchandises et crue lesdites réserves aient été "tuettfcment acceptées par le transporteur. (Cotur de cassation : 69 janvier 1906.) Couvertures en chaume. — Réparations Aux termes de l'article 1 de la loi dit, 15 Juillet 1845, il est défendu d'établir à une distance de moins de 20 mètres d'un chemin de fer des&ervi. par des machines è. feu des couvertures 6h chaume et aucun dépôt de matières inflam-m-ableib. On me demande à ce êuiiet si la prohibition inscrite dans cette loi n'a pas interdit au propriétaire qui, ava'nt la loi ou avant l'établissement du chemin de fer. possédait de semblables toitures, de les réparer ou reconstruire. Il y a lieui de faire une distinction entre ,198 réparations proprement dites et les re-, constructions. Aucune disposition de la loi n'interdit, en effet, à ces propriétaires de faire des réparations à ces couvertures et ne les oblige, avant • d'y procéder, à. se pourvoir d'une autorisation administrative. Mais, en revanche, l'articto 7 précité, en prohibant d'urne manière absolue l'étaibllss®-ment de nouvelles couvertures en chaume a, par cela même, prohibé la reconstruction totale des couvertures en chaume qui existaient antérieurement & 131 construction dU! chemin de fer. n y à, dès lors, contravention de lai part du propriétaire qui remp4«hce p&r une nou-velle toiture en chaume son ancienne toiture disparue. (Conseil n'Etaft ; 16 mars 1859 ; 31 janvier 1866, etc." vLE ROMAIN. La Quinzaine de Livres Ouvrages de Fiction 1. MMr!ce Barrés : Le Voyage de Sparte. — n. Pierre Louys : Archipel. — III. Otostoïevski : Les frtres Keeram<n*)r, — IV. Albert Boissière t Clara BilL, danseuse. — V. Gaston Cfaérau : Chmwpb-Tortu. — VI. Henry KlstemaecJters : WilL, Trirran et CO (le roman comique de l'au-tomobllisme. — VII. Pontsevreï : L'amour commande. — VIn. Armand Praviel : Péché d'aveu-get, — IX. Henri Château : La Cité des Idoles. — X. Pierre Guitet-Vauqueîin : Le Triomphe de la Chair. — XI. tY>rraûcl Médine : La ae>sse dg ome heures et demie. Il y a, en M. Maurice Barrés, poète éntoi> vant de la Vierge assassinée, è. la fois que des sites d'Espagne et de Lorraine, un classique et un gothique qui luttent d'influenoe. Il apparut d'abord que, sur le conseil de ses maîtres. Taine, Renan, Leconte de Lisle et LouisMénard, M. Maurice Bardés dut incliner lentement puis presque totalement vers ce grand passé d'art, de forme et de beauté qu'offrait l'admirable civilisation grecque. Certes, le prosateur aussi rare que parfait & qui nous devons tant de pages d'un parfum pénétrant sur les beautés de Venise, les jardins de Lombardie et tant «le .îtes fameux était, mieux que tout autre, préparé à comprendre les. splendeurs mutilées des ruines athéniennes. Renan, semblait-il, avait dû se dégager d'emprises autrerieru redoutables et profondes le jour où, se souvenant de ces mots d'Epictète : « Malheureux est l'homme qui meurt sans avoir gravi l'Acropole : « il vint, de toute la force d'une volonté tendue, de sa brumeuse Bretagne, vers l'éclatante Gtèce 1 Cependant, ce grand homme fut, ue-vant des ruines si belles, soulevé d'émotion. D'où vient que M. Maurice Barrès. de qui le passé littéraire témoigne, à maintes pages, d'un grand respect de l'antique, se cabra de .vant les marbres, et Lorrain redoutable, ironique et sévère, se montra devant cette terre fertile en souvenirs miile fois plus rétif, plus moqueur et sceptique que le Breton Renan ? — C'est, nous semble-t-il, qu'obéissant à une discipline philosophique dont il s'imposa durement à lui-même toutes les lois. l'auteur du Voyage de Sparte, suivant une évocation tout opposée à l'évolution re-naoienne, revint peu à peu vers sa religion d'er lnce, vers sa patrie native et qu'à s exiler u'elles, il souffre aujourd'hui comme d'un mal physique. Suivant Iphigénie, cette noble fille Hellène Que célébra 'Goethe et qu'aima Spinoza., 11 ne peut plus la voir qu'à travers eux {mais nous, à ce pasage, nous lui demanderons aussi de se souvenir de Racine ! ); * Ainsi entre la Grèce êt moi, dit-il, volontiers, un juif et un Allemand sont mes intermédiaires. En même temps, il ajoute : « Le «miracle grec », c'est beau, mais le miracle français, je veux dire notre expansion au treizième siècle, ce n'est pas mal non plus.' Puis : « Faute de sang grec dans mes veines, je ne comprends gnère Socrate et' Platon. » Et enfin, résumant toutes les impressions d'un voyage où son cœur s'est moins satisfait que son intelligence : « Tout est trop clair, hélas ! nous sommes de deux races 1 » Et S'achève amèrement ce bel itinéraire qu'a tenté, mais vainement, d'accomplir sous le ciel d'Homère et de Phidias un Français pénétré de théories tyranniques. Livre beau, d'ailleurs, d'allure noble, peuplé de purs paysages, mais où se lamente une âme de Lorrain peu faite pour quitter le site des Vosges et les rives de Neuil-ly-sur-Seine... : Plus audacieux, plus libre, moins soumis aux devoirs d'une étroite discipline, M. Pierre j l L-Óuys ne cesse point, parce qu'il aime la j France, de chérir la Grèce. Il a, celui-là, deux I patries, la sienne et puis celle de l'ardente ! Sinus, -ffenrenx M. Louys ! il ne s'est pas, ainsi que M. Maurice Barrès, gâté par avance ses impressions des hommes, des œuvres i et des paysages. Ses escales à Alexandrie, à Lesbo-s, en Asie-Mineure et en Grèce lui sont toutes d'admirables prétextes à se réjouir. La petite odeur des citronniers qui flotte sur ! les murs anciens de Mitylene il en respire I avec volupté tout le charme. Cette vie forte, au grand air, qu'aimaient les Grecs, il en vante les splendeurs et peut-être bien que c'est à force d'er.rer sous des cieux libres et de marcher parmi les prairies d'Asphodèles qu'il a reçu des Grecs ce sens du paganisme • dont se gonflent ses beaux livres comme d'un généreux sang. Aussi, de ses escales au pays des classiques, de ce pèlerinage aux tombeaux des grands Grecs est-il revenu désabusé de nos lois, de nos coutumes et de nos mœurfr. La conclusion de son voyage en Il Archipel :D, c'est, en fin de compte, un juste, chaleureux ] et naturel plaidoyer en faveur de la liberté : de l'amour. Pep1-être bien que M. Louys*, , mieux que M. Barrés, s'est approché des lèvres succulentes de Platon. Ainsi n'apparaît point, .de la même façon, aux hommes, l'an.tique terre des Oieux! De tous les .romanciers rusfts, qui sont cependant très personnels, Dostoïevsky est peut-être bien celui qui ait so., dans ses livres, le mieux exprimer fen Sodividuialisme. C'est que la vie de Dosttïevsky eJIe-même est un roman, l'un des plus effrayants romans d'aventures cruelles qu'ait vécus aucun homme. Le don que M. Boissière a par-dessus les autres, c'est de savoir assembler, aux fins d'une morale ironique et convenable, les plus insolites événements ordinaires. Ainsi en fut-il dans la Tragique Aventure du Mime Properce et dans le présent ouvrage : Clara Bin, danseuse, l'anecdote accessoire d'une ballerine et d'un joaillier est un suffisant thème à de rares développements littéraires et fantaisistes. — Quoi de plus complexe, de plus fuyant, de plus insaisissable, de plus compliqué au monde que la petite âme claire d'un enfant qui grandit, se dresse devant la vie si nouvelle à ses yeux et l'interroge avec une anxiété croissante? M. Gaston Chérau a surpris l'une de ces âmes-là. Le pauvre petit malingre « Champi-Tortu », être de faiblesse et de tendresse, .aimé sa mère avec cette sorte d'attachementfrénétique dont sont souvent capables ces timides et frêles natures d'enfants trop sensibles. M. Gaston Chérau n'a pas que noté avec l'art le plus émouvant toutes ces fines et subtiles nuances de sentiment, tous les plus menus petits battements de ce cœur trop précoce, mais encore il a peint, avec urne merveilleuse aisance et un franc naturel, tout le réalisme ambiant, le plein air des vacances. Il a dit l'atmosphère d'étouffement et de tristesse du collège, et surtout il a 6u, avec toute la finesse d'un talent sûr et juste. attendrir le lecteur au récit passionnant de cette muette douleur de mère, de cette presque effrayante douleur . d'un enfant. C'est un des meilleurs livres pa, ; rus depuis un a.n. Il faut beaucoup attendre de M. Gaston Chérau. Il Le déchaînement subit et triomphal de l'automobile, écrit M. Henri Kistemaeckers, -m'a surpris et amusé. Diz 4our au lendemain, j'ai vu surgir une classe imprévue de passionnés. de savanis, de dunes, d'abrutis, de conquistadors, de chevaliers de l'industrie et de voleurs, une classe extrêmement sin-gtllière et d'un effet des plus pittoresques. J'èn al fait des romans. » Çt ce roman comique de l'autoînobilisme, WiXl Trimm et C, n'est. après tout, que le tableau offert au lecteur d'un monde amusant et RDécial, d'un monde appelé à grandir et à s'imposer. A une épo-, que d'automobilisme, d'activité, de vitesse et de prosrrès. il importe d'adapter des romans pittoresques, imprévus et nouveaux. H.-G. WelS applaudirait, ici. M. Henry, Kistemaec-kers. ce talent de demi-nuances, de sentiments fins, de tendres et charmants aspects de j'ombre et du jour, et cet art réservé de parler bien dans les cœurs. M. Pontsevrez en donne mille preuves avec bonheur et succès dans son chaste et nouvel ouvrage, l'Amour /commande. Péché d'Aveugle témoigné de là part de son auteur, M. Armand Pravill, de rares sentimenfs d'art. Ce poignant récit de l'organiste aveugle reniant puis 'adorant Dieu, discutant et vantant la Vendeur des musiques. la philosophie pieuse et le sentiment de l'art accordé à la foi. honore hautement l'auteur de ce beau livre. Tout ce qu'il y a d'éphémère dans l'utODie humaine est visible nettement dans le récit à tht"'M-Mè' dès Idoles, où-".-rLenri Chateau exerça son talent. M. Pierre-Guitet-V<Iucfue]in. dans le Triomphe de la Chair, assume une fois de plus l'effort douloureux de témoigner de la puissance invincible sur toutes les forces de la mort et du deuil, de l'immortel amour. de l'immortelle jeunesse. Enfin, M. Fernand Médine, babile à tracer de la vie provinciale les aspects ondoyants. a donné, dans la Messe de onze heures et demie, les évidentes preuves de son art romanesque. OCTAVE UZANNE. Le Sport et. l'Elevage Congrès vétérinaire. — Rapport sur la production chevaline en France. — La région du Sud-Ouest. — Avenir de notre élevage. Le congrès vétérinaire de 1900 ayant réclamé une enquête SUT la production chevaline en France, chargea deux de ses membres, MM. Dec h ambre et Rossignol, d'établir un rapport qui vient d'être communiqué aux vétérinaires qui ont adhéré au congrès de 1908. Comme c'est la. première fois qu'un groupe important de vétérinaires, rayonnant sur tous les points de la Franco, fait connaître son. sentiment sur une question d'importance capitale pour notre élevage, j'ai cru utile de résumer ici ce qui a trait à l'avenir de nos différentes variétés du Midi. Pour plus de méthode, j'examinerai avec les auteurs, l'élevage méridional par région en adoptant comme circonscriptions celles des dépôts d'étalons nationaux du Sud-Ouest : Pompadour. — Actuellement, les éleveurs ont renoncé aux vieux errements et sont revenus à l'élevage du cheval de selle, aveo plus de taille, car on trouve fréquemment dans la région des chevaux de 1 m. 58 à 1 m. 60, et l'ensemble des chevaux donne une taille supérieure à 1 m. 50. L'administration des haras, qui, seule, possèdes des étalons dans le pays, y envoie surtout des pur sang arabes ou anglo-arabes ainsi que des demi-sang, où le sang arabe domine. Elle y a aussi envoyé quelques anglo-normands, mais ces derniers donnent une production moins satisfaisante ; les produits sont souvent trop grêles de membres pouf leur corpulence, décousus, avec une tête trop lourde et une encolure trop svelte. Les chevaux pur sang arabes ou anglo-ara* bes et leurs dérivés donnent au contraire des produits plus légers et moins enlevés, mats mieux soudés, plus membrés et plus distingués ; quand ces chevaux ne sont pas tarés, ils font d'excellents chevaux de cavalerie légère et la remonte en paie quelques-uns, à l'âge de trois ans et demi et quatre ans, JUSqu'à 1,200 francs. SI les poulinières étaient mieux choisies, l'élevage du cheval de selle deviendrait parfait dans la région, car les non-valeurs, c'est-à-dire les prOduIts décousus et tarés, sont dus, à n'en pas douter, au mauvais choix des poulinières. Aurillac. — Pour les Taces d'AuveTgne, le meilleur agent améliorateur serait évidemment l'étalon, car il n'est guère possible de compter sur la jument, qui est e'n réalité un facteur au moins aussi important que le mâle en la circonstance. L'étalon devra être d'autant meilleur, qu'il sera plus difficile dp conserver pour la. reproduction quelques bonnes juments poulinières. L'éleveur, en effet, a toujours une tendance à vendre sa pouliche améliorée pour en tirer profit et à garder pour la reproduction la jument qui, autrement, ne lui serait d'aucun rapport. Les quelques éleveurs qui demandent des chevaux de sang, produisant pour la remonte, sont servis à souhait. Pour ceux qui ; recherchent l'ampleur de formes, nous ne ; voyons que doux types d'étalons pouvant être employés utilement i ce sont : 1. Le postier breton, ample, puissant, bâti en force, mais d'un modèle régulier, l'encolure bien placée. l'allure haute et facile, susceptible de donner avec leir juments l.es plus communes et dans un cadré plus régulier, le gros poulain, si cher aux éleveurs, et dans lequel l'armée pourra trouver ailleurs et plus tard un artilleur honorable ; 2. Le gros normand près'de terre ou le norfolk un peu commun, tel qu'on l'importait jadis, ces animaux, dont le poids tenterait bon nombre d'éleveurs, pourraient avec une certaine classe de juments donner des poulains d'un écoulement facile à six mois et d'un placement .certain, plus tard, comme animaux de service ou de troupe. Rodez. — Ce qui a été dit pour l'Auvergne s'applique de tous points à la Circonscription de Rodez. La majeure partie des naisaéurs recherchent le gros et l'ampleur, envers et contre tout, il faut s'efforcer de lès satisfaire dans là limite du possible, en mett.'int à leur disposition le postier breton, ample, puissant, bâti en f-orce, mais d'un module régulier, l'encolure bien placée ; l'allure haute et facile, susceptible de donner avec les juments les plus communes le poulain si recherché des éleveurs et des marchands et dans lequel l'armée pourra trouver plus tard un bon artilleur. Le gros normand, près de terre, et le norfolk un peu commun, conviendraient pour les mêmes raisons. Villeneuve-sur-Lot. — Toute la région devrait se livrer à l'élevage du "éïïèvaT clà lre-monte, puisque celle-ci est son meilleur acheteur, il appartient par conséquent à l'administration des haras et aux remontes de faire tous leurs efforts pour améliorer de plus en plus l'excellent cheval de cavalerie légère qu'on produit dans cette contrée. Comme la remonte ne peut acheter qu'un nombre déterminé "3e sujets, elle est intéressée à ce que ceux qui sont livrés au commerce réalisent autant que possible le type du cheval de cavalerie légère, elle sera ainsi assurée de trouver en cas de mobilisation un nombre suffisant de chevaux. Les haras et les remontes ne sont pas toujours d'accord sur les méthodes d'améliora-tion à employer ; il importerait que ces deux administrations finissent par s'entendre sur le choix des meilleurs étalons ; du côté des remontes, il y a parfois une tendance manifeste en faveur du pur sang anglais ; du côté des haras, les préférences se dessinent pour l'alternance du pur sang anglais et du pur sang arabe, et l'emploie de plus en plus grand de l'anglo-arabe. De l'avis de tous ceux qui n'ont pas de parti pris et qui envisagent l'avenir, le pur sang anglo-arabe, lorsqu'il sera bien confirmé, d5irra être le type universellement adopté dans le Sud-Ouest. En attendant, le pur sang arabe doit être conservé pour .améliorer les formes des nombreuses juments dont la. conformation laisse -encore beaucoup trop à désirer, le pur sang anglais près dé terre, réservé pour pratiquer des croisements alternatifs avec les poulinières qui ont par devers elles de l'origine et des performances. , Sur le chapitre 4o Fa'venir 'de l'élevage dans Ja circonscription ae VïÏleneGve -imijw Lot. même dans toute la région du Su<£g Ouest, comme nous ne saurions mieux nous empruntons au remarquable rapport dâf M. le vétérinaire-major Colin, ancien vétécL* naire du dépôt de remonte d'Agen. les oatsV aérations dans lesquelles il entre àt ce pw< pos : t U est facile de recommander aux pro>4 , priétairês de nourrir leurs chevaux et déf garder leurs bonnes pouliches pour en t.a.i:rtf M des poulinières. ']| » Certes, le conseil est bon, mais 11 ne teal & pas oublier que le cheval du Midi ne tara** % vaille pas et qu'il ne gagne pas sa. vie ; danflt i ces conditions, garder un animal jusqu*» ? trois ans et demi on quatre ans est uiwf ? lourde charge et On s'explique que le proprlé4 % ta1re ne puisse, par la nourriture, -nprl i à son complet développement. La Tuine serait ■> au bout d'un tel mode d'opérer ; aujourd'hui I le prix payé rémunère bien juste l'éleveur^ | et le seul avantage qu'U puisse avoi-r, c'est v peut-être de toucher ên une seule fois uaaeÉ somme qui représente a peu près oe qu'il à dépensé dans le cours des quatre années qui se sont écoulées du jour de la naissance dxï poulain au jouir de sa. vente à la remonteJ Le ch-eval du Midi. s'il était nourri, serait un cheval de Cavalerie légère hors lignes c'est entcnaa ; mais le propriétaire ne peu" pas le nourrir comme on le lui demande*? c'est-à-dire à l'avoine : parenorts-le donc tel qu'il est, avec ses Qualités et avec ses imper-« fectiüns, nous l'âvoiïîerons dans nos annexes? de remonte ; il serait sans doute préferaMei' : qu'il eût mangé du gtain dès SQ. prime jeu-^ i nessè, mais nous l'avons déjà dit, demandeif i; cela à l'éleveur, c'est lui demander de mar4l cher à la ruine ; gardons-nous bien de lut; conseiller de faife traVaille son cheval, caïf alors il en serait fait de la race actuelle-* " elle serait bientôt remplacée par des chevaœw importés offrant plus de gros, plus de massff et pa.r suite plus aptes aux travaux agricoles* > » De même, en ce qui concerne les poulie J nières. Il est très facile de recommander 1lI f| l'éleveur de garder sa bonne pouliche poue § en faire une mère.
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https://github.com/jcbready/InsFEM/blob/master/Sources/domain/ruqope.f90
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,021 |
InsFEM
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jcbready
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Fortran Free Form
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Code
| 540 | 2,919 |
subroutine ruqope(ndime,ngaus,posgp,weigp)
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
!
! This routine sets up the integration constants of open
! integration rules for brick elements:
!
! NDIME = 1 NDIME = 2 NDIME = 3
!
! NGAUS EXACT POL. NGAUS EXACT POL. NGAUS EXACT POL.
! ----- ---------- ----- ---------- ----- ----------
! 1 q1 1 x 1 q1 1x1x1 q1
! 2 q3 2 x 2 q3 2x2x2 q3
! 3 q5 3 x 3 q5 3x3x3 q5
! 4 q7 4 x 4 q7 4x4x4 q7
! 5 q9 5 x 5 q9 5x5x5 q9
! 6 q11 6 x 6 q11 6x6x6 q11
! 7 q13 7 x 7 q13 7x7x7 q13
! 8 q15 8 x 8 q15 8x8x8 q15
! 16 q31 16 x 16 q31 16x16x16 q31
!
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
use typre
implicit none
integer(ip), intent(in) :: ndime,ngaus
real(rp), intent(out) :: posgp(ndime,ngaus),weigp(ngaus)
real(rp) :: posgl(16),weigl(16)
integer(ip) :: nlocs,igaus,ilocs,jlocs,klocs
if(ndime==1) then
nlocs=ngaus
else if(ndime==2) then
nlocs=nint(sqrt(real(ngaus,rp)))
else
nlocs=nint(real(ngaus,rp)**(1.0_rp/3.0_rp))
end if
if(nlocs==1) then
posgl(1)=0.0_rp
weigl(1)=2.0_rp
else if(nlocs==2) then
posgl(1)=-0.577350269189626_rp
posgl(2)= 0.577350269189626_rp
weigl(1)= 1.0_rp
weigl(2)= 1.0_rp
else if(nlocs==3) then
posgl(1)=-0.774596669241483_rp
posgl(2)= 0.0_rp
posgl(3)= 0.774596669241483_rp
weigl(1)= 0.555555555555556_rp
weigl(2)= 0.888888888888889_rp
weigl(3)= 0.555555555555556_rp
else if(nlocs==4) then
posgl(1)=-0.861136311594053_rp
posgl(2)=-0.339981043584856_rp
posgl(3)= 0.339981043584856_rp
posgl(4)= 0.861136311594053_rp
weigl(1)= 0.347854845137454_rp
weigl(2)= 0.652145154862546_rp
weigl(3)= 0.652145154862546_rp
weigl(4)= 0.347854845137454_rp
else if(nlocs==5) then
posgl(1) = -0.906179845938664_rp
posgl(2) = -0.538469310105683_rp
posgl(3) = 0.0_rp
posgl(4) = 0.538469310105683_rp
posgl(5) = 0.906179845938664_rp
weigl(1) = 0.236926885056189_rp
weigl(2) = 0.478628670499366_rp
weigl(3) = 0.568888888888889_rp
weigl(4) = 0.478628670499366_rp
weigl(5) = 0.236926885056189_rp
else if(nlocs==6) then
posgl(1) = -0.932469514203152_rp
posgl(2) = -0.661209386466265_rp
posgl(3) = -0.238619186083197_rp
posgl(4) = 0.238619186083197_rp
posgl(5) = 0.661209386466265_rp
posgl(6) = 0.932469514203152_rp
weigl(1) = 0.171324492379170_rp
weigl(2) = 0.360761573048139_rp
weigl(3) = 0.467913934572691_rp
weigl(4) = 0.467913934572691_rp
weigl(5) = 0.360761573048139_rp
weigl(6) = 0.171324492379170_rp
else if(nlocs==7) then
posgl(1) = -0.949107912342759_rp
posgl(2) = -0.741531185599394_rp
posgl(3) = -0.405845151377397_rp
posgl(4) = 0.0_rp
posgl(5) = 0.405845151377397_rp
posgl(6) = 0.741531185599394_rp
posgl(7) = 0.949107912342759_rp
weigl(1) = 0.129484966168870_rp
weigl(2) = 0.279705391489277_rp
weigl(3) = 0.381830050505119_rp
weigl(4) = 0.417959183673469_rp
weigl(5) = 0.381830050505119_rp
weigl(6) = 0.279705391489277_rp
weigl(7) = 0.129484966168870_rp
else if(nlocs==8) then
posgl(1) = -0.960289856497536_rp
posgl(2) = -0.796666477413627_rp
posgl(3) = -0.525532409916329_rp
posgl(4) = -0.183434642495650_rp
posgl(5) = 0.183434642495650_rp
posgl(6) = 0.525532409916329_rp
posgl(7) = 0.796666477413627_rp
posgl(8) = 0.960289856497536_rp
weigl(1) = 0.101228536290376_rp
weigl(2) = 0.222381034453374_rp
weigl(3) = 0.313706645877887_rp
weigl(4) = 0.362683783378362_rp
weigl(5) = 0.362683783378362_rp
weigl(6) = 0.313706645877887_rp
weigl(7) = 0.222381034453374_rp
weigl(8) = 0.101228536290376_rp
else if(nlocs==16) then
posgl( 1) =-0.98940093499165_rp
posgl( 2) =-0.94457502307323_rp
posgl( 3) =-0.86563120238783_rp
posgl( 4) =-0.75540440835500_rp
posgl( 5) =-0.61787624440264_rp
posgl( 6) =-0.45801677765723_rp
posgl( 7) =-0.28160355077926_rp
posgl( 8) =-0.09501250983764_rp
posgl( 9) = 0.09501250983764_rp
posgl(10) = 0.28160355077926_rp
posgl(11) = 0.45801677765723_rp
posgl(12) = 0.61787624440264_rp
posgl(13) = 0.75540440835500_rp
posgl(14) = 0.86563120238783_rp
posgl(15) = 0.94457502307323_rp
posgl(16) = 0.98940093499165_rp
weigl( 1) = 0.02715245941175_rp
weigl( 2) = 0.06225352393865_rp
weigl( 3) = 0.09515851168249_rp
weigl( 4) = 0.12462897125553_rp
weigl( 5) = 0.14959598881658_rp
weigl( 6) = 0.16915651939500_rp
weigl( 7) = 0.18260341504492_rp
weigl( 8) = 0.18945061045507_rp
weigl( 9) = 0.18945061045507_rp
weigl(10) = 0.18260341504492_rp
weigl(11) = 0.16915651939500_rp
weigl(12) = 0.14959598881658_rp
weigl(13) = 0.12462897125553_rp
weigl(14) = 0.09515851168249_rp
weigl(15) = 0.06225352393865_rp
weigl(16) = 0.02715245941175_rp
end if
if(ndime==1) then
igaus=0
do ilocs=1,nlocs
igaus=igaus+1
weigp( igaus)=weigl(ilocs)
posgp(1,igaus)=posgl(ilocs)
end do
else if(ndime==2) then
igaus=0
do ilocs=1,nlocs
do jlocs=1,nlocs
igaus=igaus+1
weigp( igaus)=weigl(ilocs)*weigl(jlocs)
posgp(1,igaus)=posgl(ilocs)
posgp(2,igaus)=posgl(jlocs)
end do
end do
else if(ndime==3) then
igaus=0
do ilocs=1,nlocs
do jlocs=1,nlocs
do klocs=1,nlocs
igaus=igaus+1
weigp( igaus)=weigl(ilocs)*weigl(jlocs)*weigl(klocs)
posgp(1,igaus)=posgl(ilocs)
posgp(2,igaus)=posgl(jlocs)
posgp(3,igaus)=posgl(klocs)
end do
end do
end do
end if
end subroutine ruqope
| 44,759 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107803002
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Wikidata
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Semantic data
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CC0
| null |
Inocybe insuavis
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None
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Multilingual
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Semantic data
| 1,692 | 4,202 |
Inocybe insuavis
Art der Gattung Risspilze (Inocybe)
Inocybe insuavis wissenschaftlicher Name Inocybe insuavis, Autor(en) des Taxons Pier Andrea Saccardo, Autor(en) des Taxons Giovanni Battista Traverso, veröffentlicht im Jahr 1910
Inocybe insuavis taxonomischer Rang Art
Inocybe insuavis übergeordnetes Taxon Risspilze
Inocybe insuavis ist ein(e) Taxon
Inocybe insuavis MycoBank-ID 241500
Inocybe insuavis Index-Fungorum-ID 241500
Inocybe insuavis GBIF-ID 3331151
Inocybe insuavis CoL-ID 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis Basionym Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis taxonomische Synonyme Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis Kurzname
Inocybe insuavis OTT-ID 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
species of fungi in the genus Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis taxon name Inocybe insuavis, taxon author Pier Andrea Saccardo, taxon author Giovanni Battista Traverso, year of publication of scientific name for taxon 1910
Inocybe insuavis taxon rank species
Inocybe insuavis parent taxon Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis instance of taxon
Inocybe insuavis MycoBank taxon name ID 241500
Inocybe insuavis Index Fungorum taxon ID 241500
Inocybe insuavis GBIF taxon ID 3331151
Inocybe insuavis Catalogue of Life ID 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis basionym Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis taxon synonym Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis short name
Inocybe insuavis Open Tree of Life ID 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nome scientifico Inocybe insuavis, autore tassonomico Pier Andrea Saccardo, autore tassonomico Giovanni Battista Traverso, data di descrizione scientifica 1910
Inocybe insuavis livello tassonomico specie
Inocybe insuavis taxon di livello superiore Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis istanza di taxon
Inocybe insuavis identificativo MycoBank 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificativo Index Fungorum 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificativo GBIF 3331151
Inocybe insuavis identificativo Catalogue of Life 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis basionimo Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis sinonimo tassonomico Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nome in breve
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nombre del taxón Inocybe insuavis, autor del taxón Pier Andrea Saccardo, autor del taxón Giovanni Battista Traverso, fecha de descripción científica 1910
Inocybe insuavis categoría taxonómica especie
Inocybe insuavis taxón superior inmediato Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis instancia de taxón
Inocybe insuavis identificador MycoBank 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificador Index Fungorum 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificador de taxón en GBIF 3331151
Inocybe insuavis identificador Catalogue of Life 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis basónimo Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis sinónimo taxonómico Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nombre corto
Inocybe insuavis identificador Open Tree of Life 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nom scientifique du taxon Inocybe insuavis, auteur taxonomique Pier Andrea Saccardo, auteur taxonomique Giovanni Battista Traverso, date de description scientifique 1910
Inocybe insuavis rang taxonomique espèce
Inocybe insuavis taxon supérieur Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis nature de l’élément taxon
Inocybe insuavis identifiant MycoBank 241500
Inocybe insuavis identifiant Index Fungorum 241500
Inocybe insuavis identifiant Global Biodiversity Information Facility 3331151
Inocybe insuavis identifiant Catalogue of Life 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis basionyme Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis synonyme taxinomique Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nom court
Inocybe insuavis identifiant Open Tree of Life 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
taxon
Inocybe insuavis wetenschappelijke naam Inocybe insuavis, taxonauteur Pier Andrea Saccardo, taxonauteur Giovanni Battista Traverso, datum van taxonomische publicatie 1910
Inocybe insuavis taxonomische rang soort
Inocybe insuavis moedertaxon Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis is een taxon
Inocybe insuavis MycoBank-identificatiecode voor taxonnaam 241500
Inocybe insuavis Index Fungorum-identificatiecode voor taxon 241500
Inocybe insuavis GBIF-identificatiecode 3331151
Inocybe insuavis Catalogue of Life-identificatiecode 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis basioniem Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis taxonsynoniem Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis verkorte naam
Inocybe insuavis Open Tree of Life-identificatiecode 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis име на таксон Inocybe insuavis, дата на публикуване на таксон 1910
Inocybe insuavis ранг на таксон вид
Inocybe insuavis родителски таксон Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis екземпляр на таксон
Inocybe insuavis базионим Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis синоним на таксон Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis кратко име
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis международное научное название Inocybe insuavis, автор названия таксона Саккардо, Пьер Андреа, автор названия таксона Траверсо, Джованни Баттиста (миколог), дата публикации названия 1910
Inocybe insuavis таксономический ранг вид
Inocybe insuavis ближайший таксон уровнем выше Волоконница
Inocybe insuavis это частный случай понятия таксон
Inocybe insuavis идентификатор MycoBank 241500
Inocybe insuavis код Index Fungorum 241500
Inocybe insuavis идентификатор GBIF 3331151
Inocybe insuavis код Catalogue of Life 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis базионим Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis синоним таксона Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis краткое имя или название
Inocybe insuavis код Open Tree of Life 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis taxon nomen Inocybe insuavis, auctor descriptionis Petrus Andreas Saccardo, annus descriptionis 1910
Inocybe insuavis ordo species
Inocybe insuavis parens Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis est taxon
Inocybe insuavis nomen breve
Inocybe insuavis
вид грибів
Inocybe insuavis наукова назва таксона Inocybe insuavis, автор таксона П'єр Андреа Саккардо, дата наукового опису 1910
Inocybe insuavis таксономічний ранг вид
Inocybe insuavis батьківський таксон Плютка
Inocybe insuavis є одним із таксон
Inocybe insuavis ідентифікатор імені таксона MycoBank 241500
Inocybe insuavis ідентифікатор Index Fungorum 241500
Inocybe insuavis ідентифікатор у GBIF 3331151
Inocybe insuavis ідентифікатор Catalogue of Life 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis базіонім Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis синонім таксона Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis коротка назва
Inocybe insuavis ідентифікатор Open Tree of Life 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nome del taxón Inocybe insuavis, autor del taxón Pier Andrea Saccardo, autor del taxón Giovanni Battista Traverso, data de publicación del nome de taxón 1910
Inocybe insuavis categoría taxonómica especie
Inocybe insuavis taxón inmediatamente superior Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis instancia de taxón
Inocybe insuavis sinónimu taxonómicu Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nome curtiu
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis ainm an tacsóin Inocybe insuavis, údar an tacsóin Giovanni Battista Traverso, bliain inar foilsíodh ainm eolaíoch an tacsóin 1910
Inocybe insuavis rang an tacsóin speiceas
Inocybe insuavis máthairthacsón Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis sampla de tacsón
Inocybe insuavis basainm Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis ainm comhchiallach an tacsóin Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis ainm gearr
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nume științific Inocybe insuavis, autorul taxonului Pier Andrea Saccardo, anul publicării taxonului 1910
Inocybe insuavis rang taxonomic specie
Inocybe insuavis taxon superior Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis este un/o taxon
Inocybe insuavis identificator MycoBank 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificator Global Biodiversity Information Facility 3331151
Inocybe insuavis bazionim Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis sinonim taxonomic Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nume scurt
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nome do táxon Inocybe insuavis, autor do táxon Pier Andrea Saccardo, autor do táxon Giovanni Battista Traverso, data de descrição científica 1910
Inocybe insuavis categoria taxonómica espécie
Inocybe insuavis táxon imediatamente superior Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis instância de táxon
Inocybe insuavis identificador de nome de táxon do MycoBank 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificador Index Fungorum 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificador Global Biodiversity Information Facility 3331151
Inocybe insuavis basônimo Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nome curto
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis naukowa nazwa taksonu Inocybe insuavis, autor nazwy naukowej taksonu Pier Andrea Saccardo, data opisania naukowego 1910
Inocybe insuavis kategoria systematyczna gatunek
Inocybe insuavis takson nadrzędny Strzępiak
Inocybe insuavis jest to takson
Inocybe insuavis identyfikator MycoBank 241500
Inocybe insuavis identyfikator Index Fungorum 241500
Inocybe insuavis identyfikator GBIF 3331151
Inocybe insuavis bazonim Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis synonim taksonomiczny Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nazwa skrócona
Inocybe insuavis identyfikator Open Tree of Life 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis tên phân loại Inocybe insuavis, ngày được miêu tả trong tài liệu khoa học 1910
Inocybe insuavis cấp bậc phân loại loài
Inocybe insuavis đơn vị phân loại mẹ Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis là một đơn vị phân loại
Inocybe insuavis ID Index Fungorum 241500
Inocybe insuavis định danh GBIF 3331151
Inocybe insuavis tên ngắn
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis emri shkencor Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis instancë e takson
Inocybe insuavis emër i shkurtër
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis tieteellinen nimi Inocybe insuavis, taksonin auktori Pier Andrea Saccardo, tieteellisen kuvauksen päivämäärä 1910
Inocybe insuavis taksonitaso laji
Inocybe insuavis osa taksonia risakkaat
Inocybe insuavis esiintymä kohteesta taksoni
Inocybe insuavis MycoBank-tunniste 241500
Inocybe insuavis Index Fungorum -tunniste 241500
Inocybe insuavis Global Biodiversity Information Facility -tunniste 3331151
Inocybe insuavis Catalogue of Life -tunniste 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis nimen kantamuoto Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis taksonin synonyymi Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis lyhyt nimi
Inocybe insuavis Open Tree of Life -tunniste 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nem brefik
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis izen zientifikoa Inocybe insuavis, deskribapen zientifikoaren data 1910
Inocybe insuavis maila taxonomikoa espezie
Inocybe insuavis goiko maila taxonomikoa Inozibe
Inocybe insuavis honako hau da taxon
Inocybe insuavis MycoBank identifikatzailea 241500
Inocybe insuavis Index Fungorum identifikatzailea 241500
Inocybe insuavis GBIFen identifikatzailea 3331151
Inocybe insuavis Catalogue of Life identifikatzailea 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis basionimo Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis taxon sinonimo Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis izen laburra
Inocybe insuavis Open Tree of Life identifikatzailea 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nomine del taxon Inocybe insuavis, data de description scientific 1910
Inocybe insuavis rango taxonomic specie
Inocybe insuavis taxon superior immediate Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis instantia de taxon
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis taksonomia nomo Inocybe insuavis, aŭtoro de taksono Pier Andrea Saccardo
Inocybe insuavis taksonomia rango specio
Inocybe insuavis supera taksono Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis estas taksono
Inocybe insuavis Index Fungorum numero 241500
Inocybe insuavis bazonomo Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis taksonomia sinonimo Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis mallonga nomo
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nome taxológico Inocybe insuavis, autor do táxon Pier Andrea Saccardo, autor do táxon Giovanni Battista Traverso, data de descrição científica 1910
Inocybe insuavis categoria taxonômica espécie
Inocybe insuavis táxon imediatamente superior Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis instância de táxon
Inocybe insuavis identificador GBIF 3331151
Inocybe insuavis sinônimo taxonômico Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nome curto
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nome do taxon Inocybe insuavis, data de descrición científica 1910
Inocybe insuavis categoría taxonómica especie
Inocybe insuavis taxon superior inmediato Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis instancia de taxon
Inocybe insuavis identificador MycoBank 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificador Index Fungorum 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificador GBIF 3331151
Inocybe insuavis identificador Catalogue of Life 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis basónimo Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis sinónimo taxonómico Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nome curto
Inocybe insuavis identificador Open Tree of Life 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis instancia de Taxón
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nom scientific Inocybe insuavis, data de descripcion scientifica 1910
Inocybe insuavis reng taxonomic espècia
Inocybe insuavis taxon superior Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis natura de l'element taxon
Inocybe insuavis identificant GBIF 3331151
Inocybe insuavis basionim Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nom cort
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nom científic Inocybe insuavis, autor taxonòmic Pier Andrea Saccardo, autor taxonòmic Giovanni Battista Traverso, data de descripció científica 1910
Inocybe insuavis categoria taxonòmica espècie
Inocybe insuavis tàxon superior immediat Inocybe
Inocybe insuavis instància de tàxon
Inocybe insuavis identificador MycoBank 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificador Index Fungorum de tàxon 241500
Inocybe insuavis identificador GBIF 3331151
Inocybe insuavis identificador Catalogue of Life 3PR4Z
Inocybe insuavis basiònim Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis sinònim taxonòmic Agaricus insuavis
Inocybe insuavis nom curt
Inocybe insuavis identificador Open Tree of Life 3809267
Inocybe insuavis
Inocybe insuavis kurta nomo
| 33,591 |
bub_gb_6yRCAAAAcAAJ_26
|
French-PD-diverse
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,837 |
Dictionnaire de la conversation et de la lecture. 42 [Pal - Pel]
|
None
|
French
|
Spoken
| 7,743 | 11,544 |
L'homme diverses conditions humaines, selon que sympathique ou susceptible d'affection, les individus montent oudescendent dans comme l'acteur sur le théâtre, est donc les rangs sociaux, certaines passions s'exal plus capable d'influence que l'être apa tent ou se dépriment dans les mêmes thique, qui cache son intérêt privé près proportions : « Les honneurs changent que toujours sous l'aspect philosophique, les mœurs, dit-on. « L'habitude du pou — Trop souvent l'état social oblige de voir grossit naturellement le cœur de dissimuler ses plus secrètes passions et beaucoup de désirs, ou même d'impa fait une, loi de contraindre ses désirs, tiences et de contradictions : Relias vo mais cette apparente indifférence , ce , luntates , plerumquè , ut véhémentes vernis de politesse, déguise au fond tou sunt , sic mobiles , sœpèque ipses sibi tes les émotions sous une prudente ré adverses. Le sauvage , le campagnard serve. Elles n'en sont que plus cruelles, grossier, ayant peu de ménagements à en se ramassant au fond du cœur, sans garder, exhalent leurs passions sans con pouvoir librement s'exhaler. Qui pense trainte : de là vient que s'ils paraissent rait , à voir ce doux commerce de la ci âpres et féroces, du moins ils se montrent vilisalion , qu'il dérobe les plus affreux tels qu'ils sont. L'on a eu raison de dire calculs du vice ou de l'âpre égoïsme , autrefois que les seuls sages (ou peut-être tous les poisons de l'envie et jusqu'aux les fous et les idiots qui ne s'inquiètent plus noirs forfaits ! Tel qui brille au sein de rien) savent vivre long-temps ; car ils des fêtes , et qu'on croit enivré de tou méprisent les incartades de cet histrion tes les jouissances du bonheur, le lende invisible (vowç {favpaTOTroioç ) » commc main se tue; telle beauté ravissante, l'appelle Philon, qui joue sans cesse dans et qu'on croit adorée , meurt d'un venin notre machine. — Un être supérieur à inconnu ou d'une jalousie ignorée. Cette espèce d'animal a deux pieds, sou mis aux plus vils besoins , se proclamant le roi du monde à la face du suprême ordonnateur de cet univers, ne manifeste t-il pas un tel fond d'orgueil et d'incapa cité ridicule qu'on pourrait croire ce que dit Platon , que les dieux ont formé les humains en se jouant et pour s'amuser comme nous nous amusons des singes. Ce fut pour terrasser cet orgueil dans une créature qui n'a qu'un souffle de vie que le législateur des chrétiens s'est servi du ministère des derniers des mortels. Il a pris , dit l'apôtre des gentils , ceux qui étaient vils, ceux qui n'étaient rien pour anéantir ceux qui sont tout. Il lui a plu de perdre la sagesse des prétendus sages pour montrer qu'elle n'est souvent qu'u ne extravagance. — Quand on réfléchit, en effet, sur ce qui se passe en ce monde, n'est-il pas manifeste que le genre hu main ne se gouverne que par des fadai ses ! Combien sont loin de la saine rai son tant de pauvres adorateurs des gran deurs et de la fausse gloire en ce monde! S'ils découvraient leur petitesse , leur nullité , ils en seraient anéantis, et com prendraient combien ces occupations, qu'ils croient si nobles et si importantes , sont futiles : Tecum habita, ut uérii quittait tibi eu H» aupellex. Les hommes les plus sensés, à notre avis, sont donc ceux qui savent apprécier l'é tat dans lequel le ciél les a placés ; qui , remplissant leur destinée avec tranquil lité , sans fierté comme sans bassesse ,^ne se laissent emporter ni par l'ambition et l'orgueil , ni par l'avarice et la crainte. Ils savent assez mépriser le monde pour n'être séduits ni par ses joies et ses pom pes , et ne se laissent abattre ni par ses chagrins et par ses misères ; ils soutien nent avec force et sérénité leur rôle d'homme sur la terre. J.-J. ViR*r. ail ) PAS PASSY-LÈS-PARIS , village, ou plutôt petite ville située aux portes de Paris , et dont les lecteurs de ce Diction naire me sauront gré , je l'espère , de leur éviter la description géographique. — Chaillot , Auteuil et Passy, trinité pit toresque chérie du Parisien , qui s'ima gine être allé à la campagne quand, pen dant une journée entière, il a arpenté le sol et humé l'air extra muros. Passy, sur tout,réunit à lui seul toutes les délices de la villa la plus confortable : aussi, voyez l'accroissement rapide de sa population à chaque année nouvelle ! Elle ne s'élève pas aujourd'hui à moins de 1 1 ,000 habi tants , y compris ces hommes et femmes de loisir , heureux nomades , qui ont du temps à perdre , et qui veulent à toute force respirer l'air de la campagne. C'est là ce qui distingue Passy entre les envi rons les plus fréquentés de la capitale, et, justice lui soit rendue, il le mérite à plus d'un titre — Dans cette petite ville, juchée , comme Montmartre , au sommet d'une colline , dont la Seine arrose la base , et qui va se perdre dans les sinuo sités du bois de Boulogne , on respire un air vif , capable de dépêcher beaucoup trop vile les pauvres malades qu'on a la manie d'y envoyer de Paris. Ce vaste hô pital se transforme l'été en salle de bal , et les malades qui ont échappé aux ri gueurs de l'hiver y reprennent souvent force et santé. — Passy s'enorgueillit d'un établissement de bains d'eau de Seine fort bien tenu , de maisons pour le trai tement des difformités de la taille , de bains d'eaux minérales, dont on proclame la vertu, malheureusement ignorée, à 20 lieues du département ; une brave garde nationale , des autorités fort aimables et une société à l'avenant : tous , citoyens paisibles , dévoués par-dessus tout à leur repos, et pour qui Passy semble avoir été fait exprès. Du reste, comme Auteuil, Passy compte d'honorables souvenirs lit téraires , bonne fortune pour un pays , en ce qu'ils y rattachent le passé au pré sent. Nous citerons en première ligne le grand Francklin , ce modeste ambas sadeur de la nation américaine, qui nou| Digitized by Google • *ÀS. (3 a laissé , pour souvenir de son passage à Passy , non seulement une rue à son nom et de fréquents paratonnerres , mais une modeste barrière , portant son nom , ou verte aux piétons voyageurs. ~— Diderot, qui, sans l'habiter précisé ment, y allait volontiers s'ébattre avec ses amis, tous pleins de verve et de génie, nous parle dans une de ses lettres iné dites d'une plaisante aventure arrivée à une actrice de la comédie française, à la petite Hus , et nous sommes redevables du récit de ce fait à un sien commensal, l'abbé de La Porte : « La petite Hus , ainsi disait-on en ce bon temps , qu'en tretenait un trésorier des parties casuel les , M. Bertin , ayant pignon sur rue à Passy, tout près de la maison des ancien nes eaux, et qui, en l'absence du trésorier amoureux , bon et vénérable vieillard, recevait in petto son amant , le jeune et pimpant propriétaire de ces mômes eaux, si généralement funestes à la vertu des femmes , ce qui m'explique assez pour quoi leur santé s'en trouve généralement tien » Puis vient J. Chénier, avec sa charmante élégie de la promenade (1805): Seine, j'aime a rêrer sur le.« paisibles rîtes... Jadia, it m'en soutient, du fond de letin roseaux, Te» nymphe, répétaient le chant plaintif et tendre Qu'aux échoi de Passy ma Toii faisait entendre... Jours heureux, temps lointain , mail Jamais oublié, Où lis arta consolants, où la douce amitié, Et tout ce dont le charme intéresse à la sto, Egayaient met destins îguoiés de l'envie. —Enfin , me permettrat-on de mention ner ici ce poète équivoque , ce Yadé , qui nous a laissé cette chanson si connue, mais si peu décente , adressée « à une dé moiselle qui prenait les eaux à Passy. » C est un souvenir qui en vaut bien un au tre, et je souhaite de tout mon cœur que les eaux de Passy y trouvent leur compte. Bien que je me trouve lout-à-fait désin téressé dans la question, je serais , je l'a Vouc , curieux de voir un petit Baden Baden à Passy, dans celte ancienne mai son des eaux dont parle Diderot (et qui ixislc encore), à côté de la propriété de te pauvre trésorier des parties Casuellesj S ) PAS avec une réminiscence de la petite Hus, et de mille autres infiniment petites venues ou à venir Notre Passy moderne a , comme le Passy d'autrefois, des femmes peu sévères, des artistes qui s'amusent, des employés qui se reposent, et une foule d'estimables rentiers qui s'ennuient ou ennuient les autres Le génie y vient aussi quelquefois, et, sans vous par ler de feu M. Raynouard , l'académicien, et de son collègue et ami M. Michaud , l'auteur des Croisades , je citerai en der nier lieu notre immortel Béranger, qui, dans cette même rue Basse , où coulen fes eaux, entouré de sa gouvernante et de son chien , cherchait dans une modeste bicoque à se garantir des importuns, non moins nombreux du reste là que partout ailleurs. Aussi fut il bientôt obligé de battre en retraite pour aller plus loin , auprès d'une forêt qui s'approchât d'a vantage de la nature que ce ridicule bois de Boulogne , sillonné par de pompeux équipages et inondé de poussière. C'est à Fontainebleau , sous ces beaux ombra ges de la forêt, que Béranger compose aujourd'hui un dernier ouvrage qui doit lui ouvrir les portes de l'académie, si tant est qu'il y pense encore. — Passy est maintenant en pleine voie de progrès et d'amélioration On y construit force maisons et boutiques : les maisons se louent, les boutiquiers n'y fonl rien. Le bois de Boulogne et le Ranelagh sont les élysées de Passy : c'est merveille de voir l'afiluence qui s'y porte dans la belle saison , le dimanche surtout. Il y a là un bal fort couru des grisettes et des com mis.Tout cela s'agite sous les arbres, dans des touffes de verdure , parmi les saltim banques, les voitures et la poussière Véritable kermesse , digne d'exciter l'i màgination de nos peintres et de nos ro manciers. PASTEL (botanique), plante à fleur cruciée, ou à quatre pétales en forme de Digitized by Google PAS ( I croiï. Elle monte à la hauteur de deux ou trois pieds, et a des tiges grosses comme le petit doigt, rondes, unies, rougeâtres, se divisant vers leur som mité en un grand nombre de rameaux re vêtus de feuilles irrégulièrement ran gées , oblongues , lisses , et pour l'ordi naire d'un vert foncé. Le pistil de la fleur sort du calice ; après la floraison , il se divise en plusieurs languettes aplaties , qui contiennent chacune une ou deux graines oblongues. — Cette plante est cultivée principalement dans le Langue doc , où elle a le nom de pastel , et dans la Normandie " où elle a celui de vouède. On fait avec le suc de ses feuilles une -pâte verte , qui devient bleue au grand air. On s'en sert , dans l'art de la tein ture , conjointement avec l'indigo , pour teindre en bleu. Pastel (Dessin ou peinture au). On appelle ainsi un genre de dessin exécuté au moyen de crayons en pastel. Quel ques étymologisles ont fait venir ce nom de pâte, anciennement poste , attendu que les couleurs sont réduites en pâte avant d'être roulées en forme de crayons. Ces couleurs , les mêmes que celles em ployées pour la peinture ordinaire , sont broyées finement à l'eau pure ou à l'eau légèrement gommée, et on leur donne , en les laissant sécher, assez de consistan ce pour être maniées commodément, bien qu'elles restent fort tendres.— Dans l'em ploi qu'en fait l'artiste , ces crayons en pastel remplissent en partie l'office de pinceaux ou d'estompé , mais c'est avec le bout des doigts principalement qu'il étend et qu'il manie les teintes. La pein ture au pastel a cela de commode qu'on peut la quitter, la reprendre, la retou cher sans qu'elle sèche comme la pein ture à l'huile , et comme la peinture à l'eau ou aquarelle. Après les frottis, exé cutés avec les doigts ou autrement, on donne les dernières touches, les finesses, les rehauts, en*sc servant du pastel com me du crayon ordinaire. Un des grands avantages du pastel, c'est de ne pas jau nir ou noircir , comme la peinture à l'huile. — Le fond dont on se sert le plus 3 ) *A3 fréquemment est le papier légèrement coloré en bleu , en gris , en brun , etc.. On emploie aussi le vélin, le parchemin, le taffetas , la peau blanche , du côté où elle n'est pas parfaitement lisse. La pous sière colorante du pastel prend plus ou moins bien sur le duvet de ces diverses matières; toutefois, l'inconvénient de cette manière de peindre est dans le dé faut de fixité des couleurs , qui se déta chent facilement du fond , et amènent par conséquent un affaiblissement plus ou moins rapide des teintes. Pour y re médier, on a trouvé le moyen de les fixer, mais en leur faisant perdre de leur ve louté et de leur transparence : en effet, une eau gommée ou collée , appliquée sur le pastel, ne peut que le rendre opa que , en réunissant l'une à l'autre toutes les molécules qui couvrent la surface du papier, et en leur ôtant ainsi leur légè Teté. Le verre dont on recouvre le pastel est aussi un moyen conservateur. — Ce genre de peinture , très en vogue pen dant le siècle dernier , notamment pen dant la durée du règne de Louis XV, est tombé depuis cinquante ans à peu près dans l'oubli. Il était presque exclusive ment consacré au portrait , et c'est peut être à l'immense quantité de figures de femmes représentées de la manière la plus fade et la plus maniérée en Vénus, en Hébés , en Dianes, qu'il faut attribuer le discrédit où le pastel est tombé pres que subitement lors de notre première révolution. — Il reste peu de portraits au pastel de l'époque de Louis XV , tant ce genre a peu de durée. Ceux qui furent exécutés par Latour , l'un des plus an ciens parmi les peintres qui l'ont prati qué, et le plus habile de tous, sont fort recherchés aujourd'hui. Leur conserva lion tient en partie à ce que Latour, mé content du moyen que lui-même avait in venté pour fixer la couleur, avait imaginé d'en fermer les portraits qu'il peignait en tre deux places.unc dessous et une dessus, soigneusement collées sur les bords. De cette façon , ni l'air , ni la poussière, ni l'humidité , ne pouvaient pénétrer sous cette transparente enveloppe , et altérer Dig'itized by Google PAS ( « le pastel. PASTEUR, celui qui possède ou garde des troupeaux. Dans celte accep tion, il ne se dit guère qu'en parlant des peuples anciens : la plupart des anciens patriarches étaient pasteurs. Quand Ro mulus voulut fonder Rome , il assembla les pasteurs de la contrée. Les anges an noncèrent aux pasteurs la naissance du Messie. On dit aussi les rois pasteurs , les peuples pasteurs. — Pasteur se dit au figuré de celui qui exerce une autorité paternelle sur un peuple , sur une réu nion d'hommes. Homère appelle les rois les pasteurs des peuples. On l'applique surtout à Jésus-Christ , aux apôtres , aux disciples , aux évêques , aux prêtres : Jé sus-Christ est le souverain pasteur des ames ; bon pasteur , il ramène la brebis égarée. Un pasteur doit avoir soin de ses ouailles. — Pasteur est aussi le titre des ministres protestants (v. Protestants , Protestantisme). X.. PASTICHE , est un mot italien (pas ticcio), que nous avons transporté dans notre langue , et dont l'orthographe re présente assez bien la prononciation ita lienne. Dans la langue à laquelle il ap partient, il a un sens positif (pâte1), que nous ne lui avons pas conservé , et c'est seulement dans le sens figuré qu'on l'em ploie en peinture, comme en Ulte'ra turt et en musique. On désigne ainsi une oeuvre qui , non seulement , manque d'originalité , mais dans laquelle même on a cherché à imiter la manière d'un maître célèbre. Ce n'est pas tout-à-fait un centon , terme dont on se sert pour indiquer spécialement une poésie com 4 ) PAS posée de vers ou de fragments de vers pris dans un auteur connu; un pastichH est un emprunt moins matériel, moins positif ; mais c'est une imitation plus ou moins rapprochée , selon le talent de l'auteur , du style , du caractère , de la facture du maître que l'on a pris pour modèle. Quelquefois, c'est moins la ma nière d'un auteur que le caractère géné ral d'une époque que l'on se propose d'i miter ; et c'est , par exemple , ce qui a donné naissance chez nous à l'expression style marotique , pour désigner les poè tes qui ont voulu reproduire le style d'un auteur , ou plutôt d'une époque dont , en définitive , il ne reste que des souvenirs. C'est à ce genre qu'appartiennent les vers suivants de madame d'Houdetot et qui sont charmants , mais dont le mérite est moins dans la forme que dans la grâce de la pensée : Jeune, faimal, ce temps de mon bel Ige, Ce temps si court , l'amour seul le remplit ; Puis, quand s'en Tint la saisou d'être »age, Encor j'aimai : la raison me le dit. Me voici vieille , et le plaisir s'envole, Mais le bonheur ne oie quitte aujourd'hui. Car j'aime encor, et l'amour me console : Rien n'aurait pu me consoler de lui. Macpherson a été accusé , chez les An glais , d'avoir imité les poètes galliques ; et , de nos jours , nous avons vu des pein tres chercher à donner à leurs tableaux la couleur , l'effet , le caractère des ta bleaux anciens. En définitive, l'imitation, telle qu'on veut la définir par le mot pastiche , est une preuve d'impuissance , un défaut de génie, ou, tout au moins, un travers d'esprit. P.-A. Coupin. PASTILLES. Ce sont des substances sucrées , aromatiques et agréables , dans lesquelles on fait souvent entrer des prin cipes médicamenteux. Les pastilles ont été connues de nos pères , qui les consa craient à un autre usage : ils s'en ser vaient comme d'aromates et les brûlaient en l'honneur de la Divinité, ou pour par fumer leurs appartements ; aujourd'hui, à l'exception de quelques préparations analogues aux clous fumants, qui ont pour principe le benjoin , on n'emploie les pastilles qu'intérieurement. Les phar Digitized by Google PAS ( mociens désignent encore indifférem ment par le nom de pastilles ou de tableU tes une foule de préparations officinales qui ont pour excipient le sucre et un mu cilage , ou qui sont obtenues par la cuite du sucre. Cependant, il y a une diffé rence notable entre les unes et les autres: ainsi.les pastilles se préparent toujours en faisant cuire du sucre que l'on aromati se, et que l'on fait tomber goulte à goutte sur un papier ou il se refroidit : telles sont par exemple les pastilles de menthe qui laissent à la bouche une fraîcheur et un parfum fort agréable. On conçoit très bien , par exemple , qu'en changeant l'a romate , on peut en faire à la rose , à la violette , et à toutes les odeurs si esti mées de nos jours par les petites maî tresses. On est dans l'usage , pour faci liter la dessiccation des pastilles, d'y ajou ter une certaine quantité de sucre en poudre grossière. Ce dernier a pour ef fet d'empêcher la pastille de couler et de se trop aplatir. On en fait également dont une moitié est blanche et l'autre colo rée ; c'est aussi une préparation extrême ment facile : il suffit de prendre un en tonnoir à deux compartiments : dans l'un on met de la pâte colorée , et dans l'au tre de la pâte blanche ; en imprimant à l'entonnoir une secousse, il tombe des deux compartiments une égale quantité de sucre à pastille ; c'est ce qui forme la pastille à deux couleurs. Quant aux ta blettes, elles ne s'obtiennent point ainsi : c'est en mêlant du sucre en poudre fine avec un mucilage et les poudres médici nales que l'on veut y incorporer qu'on les obtient. PASTORALE. L'esprit humain se complaît aux antithèses : il aime à oppo ser la faiblesse à la puissance , la simpli 15) PAS cité k la grandeur , et à mettre en scène les humbles conditions , les mœurs naï ves et paisibles à côté des destinées les plus fières , les mieux éprouvées et les plus agitées. La poésie pastorale est née avec la poésie héroïque , si toutefois elle ne l'a pas précédée. Le roi et le berger, ces deux points extrêmes de toute so ciété , ont de tout temps inspiré les poè tes. Chez les anciens , Bion , Moschus , Théocrite , Virgile , ont chanté les dou ceurs de la vie champêtre. Tout le monde connaît IcsAmours de Daphnis et Chloe de Longus. Chez nous , Segrais, madame Deshoulières , Fontenelle, etc., dans leurs idylles et leurs églogues , ont plus ou moins réussi à peindre les amours des bergers et la simplicité de leurs mœurs. Aujourd'hui , le genre pastoral est tombé dans le discrédit : les bergers sont deve nus une fiction ; personne ne croit plus à la houlette et à la panetière fleurie. Fontenelle , malgré les qualités de plu sieurs de ses pastorales , n'a pas peu con tribué à amener le dégoût de ce genre agréable : « Ses bergers , dit un critique du siècle dernier, en savent trop en amour , et l'auteur en sait trop peu en poésie. » Bien avant que l'idylle et l'é glogue eussent disparu , les pastorales , pièces de théâtre où les bergers et les ber gères jouaient le principal rôle , et dont YAminte du Tasse avait apporté la mode en France , avaient quitté la scène ; le roman et les ballets conçus dans le même genre avaient été également rayés des exercices littéraires. Ces dernières pertes sont peu regrettables; mais l'églogue et l'idylle ne méritaient peut-être pas l'a bandon et l'oubli auxquels on les a vouées. Je sais bien que les difficultés qu'elles présentent sont plus nombreuses aujour d'hui , sans compter l'indifférence publi que pour ce genre de compositions. Mais un poète qui trouverait encore le secret de célébrer d'un ton simple et naïf l'élégante idylle, Aimable dans son air , nuit humble dm. ion ityle , et qui descendrait , avec art , sans bas sesse , à Cbantrr Flore, ira dbampi , Pomonc elles Vergéri , Au tombât d« la flûte «aimer Seul bergers , Digitized by Google pas n aurait , même de nos jours , des lecteurs et des admirateurs. Joncikres. PASTORET ou PASTOUREL (Jean) était, en 1301 , avocat du roi au parlement. Pastourel (Raoul), sou fils, donna son nom à la rue qu'il habi tait, au Marais, rue encore ainsi appelée. Pastorel (Jean), fils de Raoul, fut pré sident au parlement, grand-maître des eaux et forêts , et membre du conseil de régence durant la minorité de CharlesVI. Pastorel (Antoine), son arrière-pelit fils, alla aux guerres d'Italie sous Charles VIII et Louis XII. Au retour, il épousa la sœur de Pierre Pellicot, premier pré sident au parlement de Provence, et s'é tablit dans les vallées de Scillans, où sa postérité demeura et s'oubli^. Pastoret (Claude-Emmanuel-Joseph Pierre, marquis de), petit-fils, au on tième degré, des précédents , naquit à Marseille en 1756. Son père, lieutenant général et particulier de l'amirauté dans les mers de Provence, le destina, dès l'enfance, à la magistrature. Il fut élevé chez les oratoriens de Lyon, vint, à l'âge de ?1 ans, à Paris, et, de Paris, alla voyager dans plusieurs contrées de l'Eu rope pour achever son éducation. Il re vint dans la capitale de la France en 1780, et fut pourvu presqu'aussitôt d'une charge de conseiller a la cour des aides. — En 1783 , il entra à l'académie des inscriptions et belles lettres. Trois prix successivement remportés lui en avaient ouvert la porte. — En l'année 1787 , et à l'époque de la présentation d'un édit sur le timbre, que Charles X, alors M. le comte d'Artois, avait été Chargé par le roi d'apporter "à l'enregis trement des cours, Pastoret conquit une honorable place parmi la jeune magistrature. — Il devint maître des re quêtes en 1788, et presqu'aussitôt direc recteur-général des travaux politiques relatifs à la législation et à l'histoire. — Cependant , la révolution grondait. Les formes anciennes disparaissaient devant des formes plus populaires, qui s'introdui saient de toute part. Les assemblées électorale» te réunirent. Pastoret fut $ ) PAS choisi par les électeurs de Paris pour les présider, et trois fois en trois ans il se vit l'objet de la même confiance. C'é taient les électeurs alors qui nommaient les procureurs-généraux-syndics de dé partement. Pastoret devint procureur général-syndic de Paris à une immense majorité. Il conserva ces fonctions si dif ficiles tout le temps voulu par la loi , et défendit, avec Lafayette, avec Bailly, les restes expirants de la tranquillité publi que. — A l'ouverture de l'assemblée lé gislative, Pastoret y fut appelé comme député de Paris. Il en occupa le premier la présidence, et alla s'asseoir ensuite au côté droit de l'assemblée, à côté de M. de Vaublanc, en face des girondins et de Brissot. La lutte fut vive , mais elle ne pouvait presque plus être douteuse. Le roi, perdu entre ses irrésolutions et le mouvement qui entraînait les esprits, voulut cependant résister quelquefois encore. Il appela Pastoret au ministère. M. de Montmorin l'amena aux Tuileries, et les deux portefeuilles de l'intérieur et de la justice lui furent offerts. « Je les accepterai, dit Pastoret, si votre majesté Veut me permettre d'essayer ce qui peut la sauver ; je lui dois mon sang et ma vie; mais, pour employer utilement l'un et pour perdre noblement l'autre. » Il osâ expliquer ce qu'il croyait indispensable î la reine l'appuya de ses efforts,de ses lar mes même ; mais Louis XVI ne put se décider à des mesures, dont la prompti tude et la vigueur étaient la première condition. Pastoret rendit les deux por tefeuilles, en disant au roi : « Je supplié Dieu de faire que votre majesté ne se rappelle pas mes instances en des jours bien plus mauvais. » Six mois après, le 50 juin et le 1 0 août amenaient la ruiné de la vieille monarchie. Depuis le ÎO juin, Pastoret ne paraissait plus à l'assem blée. Président quand le roi y était ve nu,il avait eu la douleur de se trouver assis à côté de lui; membre du côté droit, il n'avait pu le défendre quand son palai* àvait été envahi ; mais quand le canon gronda contre ce palais même , contre le roi, contre sa famille, Pastoret retourna Digitized by Google PAS (! à l'assemblée , où d'autres conseils con duisaient Louis XVI. Là, le roi rappela au sujet les paroles prononcées moins d'un an auparavant, et le sujet ne put que faire pressentir au roi le terrible avenir qui s'ou vrait devant lui. Cette fois encore il était trop tard;LouisXVI,ausortir de la loge du Zogographe, n'eut plus à parcourir que le sanglant chemin qui menait à l'échafaud. Pastoret voulut être admis à le défendre; son vœu ne fut point exaucé, maisla persé cution commença pour lui, Tantôt caché, tantôt fuyant, quelquefois essayant de revenir au sein de sa famille ; forcé de chercher au fond de ses vallées de Pro vence , d'abord un asile, puis un sentier qui le conduisit sur la terre étrangère , Pastoret ne revit la France qu'après le 0 thermidor. La constitution de l'an il] fut proclamée. Les élections s'ouvrirent. Le département du Var envoya Pastoret au conseil des cinq-cents. 11 y entra comme à l'assemblée législative, avec la volonté de défendre ce qui est saint et sacré par mi -tes hommes. Il y fut, avec Boissy d'An glas, Yaublanc, Siméon, ce que Marbois, 31 urinais, La fond de Ladebat, étaient au conseil des anciens, ce que Barthélémy était au directoire. Pendant deux longues années, ils luttèrent avec talent et cou rage contre un des plus honteux gouver nements dont l'histoire ait fait mention. Après ces deux années, le directoire se trouvait sur le penchant de sa ruine : il en vint au coup d'état du 18 fructidor. L'exil et les cachots firent justice de ceux qui osaient résister ; Pastoret, condamné à la déportation , n'échappa que par mi racle. Il erra quelques jours, gagna la Suisse , puis l'Italie , et fut, dans les bi bliothèques de Florence, de Naples ou de Venise , chercher quelques jours de repos au travers d'une carrière si ora geuse. — Après deux autres années, le 18 brumaire délivra la France du joug du directoire. Napoléon rouvrit la France aux exilés. Pastoret revint. Il re trouva sa femme, ses enfants, sa demeu re, mais sa fortune était détruite. On lui offrit des fonctions qu'il refusa. Il pensa 4 se faire avocat % et ne put se résoudre I ) PAS à recevoir des honoraires. Le travail et les études qui avaient occupé toute sa vie lui tinrent quelque temps lieu de fortune. On rappela dans l'institut ceux qui en avaient été chassés , et l'institut désigna Pastoret pour le collège de France; le con seil général des hôpitaux et hospices se forma, et ses premiers membres furent le duc de La Rochefoucault-Liancourt, De lessert, le duc Matthieu de Montmoren cy, Bigot de Préameneu, Marbois et Pas toret. Bientôt , le collège électoral de Paris nomma Pastoret candidat au sénat., Cinq années après, le même collège re nouvela la même présentation. Napoléon regardait , depuis long-temps , Pastoret comme un partisan de la famille proscrite, II ne voulut point le nommer sénateur; mais, sur les instances du préfet de Pa ris , il consentit à le présenter sur une liste assez nombreuse au choix du sénat. Ce choix, défavorable une première fois, fut favorable une seconde : Pastoret de vint sénateur le jour même où était pro noncé le divorce solennel qui changea peut-être les destinées de l'Europe. — Les événements raarchèrent.Pastoret était se crétaire du sénat en 1 8 1 4. Il ne prit point part , comme membre de ce corps , à la déchéance, qu'il dut signer comme secrétaire. Il s'opposa également , mais en vain, à l'adoption de la constitution provisoire, qui semblait attacher un prix au grand acte que le sénat venait d'ac complir. Le roi Louis XVIII le nomma pair de France a son arrivée, et le re trouva fidèle l'année suivante. Secrétai re, durant quatre années, de la chambre des pairs , membre ou rapporteur d'un grand nombre de commissions , Pasto ret devint vice-président de celte cham bre en 1820, chevalier des ordres du roi au sacre de Charles X , ministre d'état en 182G, vice chancelier en 1828, et chancelier de France en 1829, lorsque son ami M. d'Ambray vint à mourir. — Il en remplissait les fonctions lorsque la révolution de 1 830 éclata. Dès que Louis Philippe fut monté sur le trône , Pasto ret alla lui déclarer que, ne pouvant re noncer au Utre de chanceiier,qui était in Digitized by Google PAS (3 amovible en sa personne, il renonçait aux fonctions de cette charge, et ne voulait plus les exercer sous le gouvernement nouveau. Puis, il rentra dans la retraite, ne voulant répondre , ni quand on lui demanda un serment, ni quand on raya du grand livre la pension établie depuis seize ans, qu'on offrait de lui ren dre en échange d'une demande signée de lui. Il reprit alors son travail et ses études, comme dans sa jeunesse , comme dans l'exil, avec la même sérénité d'aine , avec le même désintéressement pour lui, avec la même indulgence pour les autres. En 1834, il fallut un tuteur aux enfants du duc de Berry , puisque leur mère ne pouvait plus être tutrice, puisque le roi Charles X ne pouvait l'être non plus. Pastoret fut ce tuteur. Il y avait quatre siècles et demie que son aïeul avait été l'un des tuteurs du roi de France. —-Les ouvrages imprimés du chancelier de Pas toret, autres que ses discours et rapports politiques, sont : Exposé des lois dej Rhodiens, mémoire qui remporta le prix de l'académie des inscriptions et bel les lettres, en 1781 ; Moïse considère' comme législateur et comme moraliste^ qui remporta le même prix, en 1782; Zoroastre, Confucius et Mahomet con sidérés comme sectaires , qui remporta le même prix, en 1783 ; Théorie des lois pénales, 1788; Rapport sur les travaux et la situation du conseil général des hos pices de Faris, 1821 ; Ordonnances des rois de France, continuées pour l'institut (t. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 , t» ) j Histoire de la législation ( onze vol. in-8°, 1820 à 1837). A la fin de cet ouvrage se trouve un épilogue d'une demi-page^ tout-à-fait noble et touchant. Pastoret (Amédée-David, comte de), fils du précédent, né à Paris en 1791 , fut élevé au lycée Napoléon de Paris, envoyé en 1809 à Rome, où il remplit les fonc tions de secrétaire-général du ministère de l'intérieur du gouvernement transi toire ; auditeur au conseil d'état au mois de décembre 1809 , et chargé pour lors de quelques missions ; il fit ensuite les campagnes de 1812, 1813 et 1814; in 18) PAS tendant de la Russie-Blanche , au mois de juillet 1 8 1 2 ; en 1 8 1 3 , chef de l'admi nistration du pays conquis en Allema gne; envoyé, en 1814, en mission ex traordinaire dans les départements de Bourgogne. — 11 fut nommé, en 1814, maître des requêtes et attaché aux co mités du conseil. — Napoléon, qui avait toujours été pour lui d'une bonté dont A. de Pastoret a conservé une profonde re connaissance , le fit rappeler au conseil durant les cent jours. Pastoret refusa : il écrivit à l'empereur pour expliquer son refus , motivé sur un ordre positif que Napoléon lui avait fait donner de servir la famille reyale. Napoléon comprit ce mo tif. « Ce fut, dit encore aujourd'hui M. de Pastoret, un des plus réels témoigna ges de sa bonté. » —A. de Pastoret fut , en 1817, commissaire du roi au sceau de France ; en 1820, lors de la formation de la maison du roi, il devint gentilhomme titulaire de sa chambre; en 1823, mem bre du conseil général de la ville de Pa ris; en 1823 , membre de l'académie des beaux-arts de l'institut; en 1824 , con seiller d'état; en 1826, colonel de la 7* légion de la garde nationale de Paris. A la révolution de juillet, il suivit l'exem ple de son père, et donna sa démission de tout ce qu'il avait d'emplois. Les ou vrages imprimés de A. de Pastoret sont : les Troubadours, poème en quatre chants (1813); Politique de Henri IF ( 1 8 1 5) ; les Normands en Italie, poème en qua tre chants ( 1818 J; le Duc de Berry ( 1820); le Duc de Guise à Naples ( 1824); Elégies {Mh); la Chute de l empire grec (1828) ; Raoul de Pcllevc (iSM);Erard du Châtelet ( 1836). Eugène de Monglave. PASTOUREAUX (Les), appelés aussi pâtouraux ou bergers , parce que le plus grand nombre de ces redoutables bandes se composaient de pasteurs de troupeaux et de paysans. — Le bienfait de l'émancipation des communes, à la fin du onzième siècle , s'était à peine fait sentir dans les campagnes : tandis que les villes et les gros bourgs jouissaient des avantages d'une à cette croisade d'enfants ; tis par un long servage , étaient en proie Jacob n'adressa ses nouvelles prédica à tous les maux qu'entraînent l'igno tions qu'aux bubitants des campagnes ; il rance et la superstition. Les grandes se disait envoyé de Dieu pour reconqué compagnies (v. ce mot) portaient partout rirla Palestine etdélivrer le roi Louis IX l'épouvante , la désolation , la misère et des fers des Sarrasins. Il en avait , di la mort. L'audace et la force brutale sait-il , l'ordre de la sainte Vierge par pouvaient tout oser impunément. La rc écrit ; il portait cette précieuse missive ligion seule eût pu mettre un terme à dans une de ses mains , qu'il n'ouvrait d'aussi déplorables excès; mais la religion, jamais ; il ajoutait le récit de ses visions, mal comprise et toujours outragée , ne de ses entretiens mystérieux avec la pouvait protéger les victimes contre les Vierge et les anges. Il avait fait peindre entreprises de leurs oppresseurs. L'anar leurs images sur ses bannières; on voyait chie était partout. Des bandes de bri sur la sienne un agneau soutenant une gands qui infestaient la France mena croix. A sa voix, les laboureurs quittaient çaient toutes les propriétés et toutes les leurs charrues , les bergers leurs trou existences. Une bande plus nombreuse , peaux , et le suivaient sans soucis de plus redoutable , se forma au treizième leur avenir. Des enfants, des jeunes Ailes siècle, sous la direction d'un vieux moine se mêlaient dans leurs bandes. Jacob apostat , de l'ordre de Cîteaux ; il se divisa alors sa troupe par centaines et nommait Jacob , et prenait le titre de par mille ; il donna à chaque division maître de Hongrie ; il était originaire un chef. D se posait comme patriarche , de ce pays. Son visage était pâle et dé comme prophète, comme chef suprême charné ; une longue barbe blanche des de cette nombreuse cohue. Il avait sous cendait sur sa poitrine. Entré jeune dans ses ordres immédiats deux lieutenants , l'ordre de Cîteaux, il en était sorti, avait qui prenaient le titre de maître, sans abjuré sa croyance de chrétien, et s'était autre qualification; Jacob avait conservé fait musulman ; il parlait plusieurs lan celui de maître de Hongrie. De toutes gues avec une rare facilité. Ses paroles parts on leur apportait des vivres , et étaient solennelles et mystérieuses. Il l'adroit imposteur assurait qu'ils se mul tonnait contre les vexations , le liberti tipliaient par sa miraculeuse interces nage des seigneurs et des moines, et prê sion ; mais l'abondance des offrandes chait une nouvelle croisade , où ne se était telle qu'il pouvait suffire aux bc raient admis que les pauvres villageois, soins de tous , sans qu'il fut nécessaire Dieu , disait-il , avait abandonné les sei de recourir aux prodiges. — Toute la gneurs croisés à cause de leurs péchés: troupe n'eut d'abord pour arme que la c'était aux faibles qu'il réservait sa pro croix. Les excès de tout genre dont la tection et la conquête des saints lieux, tente du maître de Hongrie était le dé Jacob était un de ces fanatiques qui, après goûtant théâtre restaient enveloppés du les premières croisades , avaient réuni plus profond mystère. Les magistrats une foule d'enfants pour une autre expé eux-mêmes ne virent dans cette im dition, et ils leur promettaient les mêmes mensc réunion de gens qu'un pieux pé triomphes. Trente mille enfants avaient lerinage , sans nul danger pour l'ordre été recrutés par eux en Allemagne et en public. La reine Blanche , elle-même , France. Tous avaient péri de fatigue, de croyait que cette cohue se dissiperait misère ou de faim. Ceux qui avaient d'elle-même,* et lorsque Jacob se vit à pu échapper à ce déplorable désastre la tête de cent mille croisés , elle conçut avaient été embarqués , par charité', par l'espoir de l'employer utilement à la dé des capitaines provençaux, qui les livrance du saint roi, son fils. Elle donna avaient vendus aux infidèles. Déjà de grandes plaintes s'étaient élevées contre eux, quand le pape partit de Lyon. L'audace des pastoureaux s'accrut avec leur nombre; ils étaient trente mille quand ils se présentèrent à Amiens. Toute la population de la ville et des environs s'empressa de pourvoir à leur subsistance; une foule de nouveaux com pagnons se joignirent à eux, et bientôt ils s'élevèrent au nombre de cinquante mille. Les cbefs commencèrent à con fesser publiquement , à dépecer les ma riages et en faire contracter de nouveaux; à donner , à retirer la croix , à prêcher les plus monstrueuses extravagances. Le maître de Hongrie ne se faisait entendre qu'entouré de l'élite des siens. Malheur à qui manifestait la plus légère indiffé rence ! il était à l'instant chassé de l'au ditoire et maltraité sans pitié, n Ce n'é tait plus cette troupe de pèlerins hum bles et silencieux , ne vivant que d'au mônes offertes par la charité publique et acceptées avec reconnaissance, mais une immense troupe portant les armes hautes , toujours la dague au poing et la menace à la bouche ; il eût été facile 4e prévenir d'aussi graves désordres; les magisirats.effrayés, ne tardèrent pas à se repentir de leur funeste imprévoyance. Les moines et les religieux osèrent se plaindre de la profanation du sacerdoce ; leur opposition excita la colère du maître de Hongrie, et, dans ses prédications, il accusa les moines des crimes les plus honteux. Il les signala aux populations l) fc?A8 sous les plus odieuses couleurs. Le sang coula; plusieurs moines furent massa crés, et les populations, séduites,égarées, ne témoignèrent ni regret ni pitié pour pour les victimes. — Les pastoureaux,, arrivés à Paris, n'éprouvèrent de la part de la régence et des magistrats aucune opposition sérieuse. Le maître de Hongrie osa officier en habits pontifi caux dans l'église Saint -Eus tache, et y, consacrer l'eau bénite ; et aucune pro testation ne s'éleva contre cette profa nation. De nouveaux massacres de prê tres signalèrent leur séjour dans la capi tale. Ils sortirent enfin de la ville sans être poursuivis ni inquiétés; enhardis par tant de succès, ils attaquèrent a>. force ouverte les villages et les villes même. Leur nombre allait toujours crois sant; on en comptait cent mille , hom mes , femmes de tout âge et enfants. Le maître de Hongrie se crut assez fort pour diviser sa troupe, et, sous prétexte d'al ler s'embarquer dans plusieurs ports,, pour se rendre en Palestine , les bandes prirent diverses directions. Le maître de Hongrie , a la tête de ceux qu'il avait choisis pour l'accompagner, se rendit à Orléans ; il y fut reçu comme un pro phète, et, malgré la défense formelle de l'évêque de cette ville , Guillaume de Bussy, U commença ses extravagantes prédications. Une foule immense se pressait autour de lui. On y remarquait quelques ecclésiastiques, curieux de con naître par quel prestige cet audacieux imposteur fascinait la multitude. L'un d'eux, transporté d'une juste et irrésis tible indignation , interrompit le fou gueux orateur, en s'écriant : « Misérable! est-ce donc là la doctrine dont tu repais ces pauvres égarés. » Il parlait encore quand un des séides du maître de Hongrie lui fendit la tête d' un coup de hache. Ce meurtre devint le signal d'une épouvan table boucherie ; les autres disciples de l'imposteur se ruèrent sur la foule les armes a la main; vingt-cinq victimes pé rissent. Les assassins se répandent dans tous les quartiers de la ville , forcent, plusieurs maisons, allument des bûcher* Digitized by Google PAS ((t sur la place publique , et y brûlent tous les livres qu'ils peuvent trouver. L'évê que , barricadé dan* <on palais, et nres que tout le clergé de la ville qui s'y était réfugié, attendaient la mort. Mais les écoliers , moins timides que les prêtres et les bourgeois, se rallient sous des chefs qu'ils se sont choisis, et opposent aux brigands la plus courageuse résis tance. Plusieurs pastoureaux périrent dans le conflit. Le maître de Hongrie et le reste de sa bande, craignant que le peu ple ne se joignît aux écoliers, se hâtèrent tic sortir de la ville. La catastrophe d'Or léans eut un grand retentissement. La reine régente se repentit delà protection Qu'elle avait accordée aux pastoureaux; des ordres furent expédiés aux prélats pour lancer l'analhème contre le maître ae Hongrie et ses disciples, aux magis trats pour les faire arrêter, et aux popu lations pour leur coùrrc sus partout où ils se présenteraient. Jacob annonça une prédication solen nelle ; il promettait des miracles; le peu ple n'avait qu'une idée fixe, sa délivrance ét l'espoir d'un moins funeste avenir; mais aucun miracle n'éclata , et le pré tendu prophète ne fit entendre qu'une absurde allocution; il se vit bientôt abandonné par son nombreux auditoire ; il rallia sa troupe nomade et sortit de la ville. La foule désabusée se mit à sa pour suite , et 1 atteignit a deux lieues de la TOME un. 3*0 PAT ville ; il périt sousla hache d'un boucher; le reste de sés disciples fut assommé sur la place; d'autres furent arrêtés et jetés dans les prisons, condamnés au gibet et exécutés. Les habitants de Bourges firent prévenir ceux de Marseille et d'Aigues Mortes. Les pastoureaux qui se dirigeaient pour s'embarquer furent partout tra qués comme des bêtes fauves, arrêtés , tués ou pendus. Le chef d'une autre bande se présenta aux portes de Bor deaux ; il fut contraint de s'en éloigner; ses compagnons se dispersèrent, poursui vis sans relâche par les troupes du comte de Leicester, gouverneur du pays pour le roi d'Angleterre. Le chef s'était sauvé déguisé à bord d'une barque , mais des papiers trouvés sur lui trahirent sa mis sion secrète et ses relations avec lès en nemis des chrétiens ; il fut jeté à la mer. tTn autre chef était parv enu à se sauver én Angleterre ; il chercha à séduire la multitude, mais il périt misérablement.
| 4,892 |
https://github.com/delta94/fullstack/blob/master/packages/web/components/client/BookShelf/BookShelf.tsx
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
fullstack
|
delta94
|
TSX
|
Code
| 192 | 625 |
import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
import { defer } from 'rxjs';
import { ClientHeader } from '@/components/client/ClientLayout';
import { ButtonPopover } from '@/components/ButtonPopover';
import {
withMainMenuOverLay,
MainMenuOverlayIcon,
MainMenuOverlayTitle
} from '@/components/client/MainMenuOverlay';
import { useBookShelf, placeholder } from '@/hooks/useBookShelf';
import { useAuthState } from '@/hooks/useAuth';
import { getBookShelf } from '@/service';
import { Toaster } from '@/utils/toaster';
import { BookShelfItem } from './BookShelfItem';
import { BookShelfEmpty } from './BookShelfEmpty';
import classes from './BookShelf.module.scss';
const MainMenuButton = withMainMenuOverLay(ButtonPopover);
export function BookShelf() {
const [{ list: books }, actions] = useBookShelf();
const { loginStatus } = useAuthState();
useEffect(() => {
switch (loginStatus) {
case 'loading':
actions.list(placeholder);
break;
case 'required': // for logout
actions.list([]);
break;
case 'loggedIn':
const subscription = defer(() => getBookShelf()).subscribe(
books => {
const payload = books.map(data => ({
...data,
bookID: data.book.id
}));
actions.list(payload);
},
error => {
actions.list([]);
Toaster.apiError(`Get book shelf failure`, error);
}
);
return () => subscription.unsubscribe();
}
}, [loginStatus, actions]);
return (
<div className={classes['book-shelf']}>
<ClientHeader
title="書架"
left={
<MainMenuButton
minimal
icon={MainMenuOverlayIcon}
content={MainMenuOverlayTitle}
/>
}
/>
<div className={classes['book-shelf-content']}>
<div className={classes['border']}></div>
{books.length ? (
books.map(data => <BookShelfItem key={data.bookID} data={data} />)
) : (
<BookShelfEmpty />
)}
</div>
</div>
);
}
| 23,662 |
https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo%20Tures
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Campo Tures
|
https://vo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campo Tures&action=history
|
Volapük
|
Spoken
| 45 | 122 |
Campo Tures binon zif in topäd: Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, in Litaliyän. Campo Tures topon videtü 46° 55’ N e lunetü 11° 57’ L.
Sürfat ela Campo Tures binon mö 164 km².
Campo Tures labon belödanis 4 944 (2001).
Zifs in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Zifs
Zifs in Litaliyän
| 46,247 |
https://github.com/CloudNativeDataPlane/cndp/blob/master/lib/cnet/eth/eth_rx_priv.h
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| null |
cndp
|
CloudNativeDataPlane
|
C
|
Code
| 199 | 555 |
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
* Copyright (c) 2021-2022 Intel Corporation
* Copyright (c) 2020 Marvell International Ltd.
*/
#ifndef __INCLUDE_ETH_RX_PRIV_H__
#define __INCLUDE_ETH_RX_PRIV_H__
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#include <cne_common.h>
struct eth_rx_node_elem;
struct eth_rx_node_ctx;
/**
* @internal
*
* Ethernet device Rx node context structure.
*/
typedef struct eth_rx_node_ctx {
uint16_t port_id; /**< Port identifier of the Rx node. */
} eth_rx_node_ctx_t;
/**
* @internal
*
* Ethernet device Rx node list element structure.
*/
typedef struct eth_rx_node_elem {
struct eth_rx_node_elem *next; /**< Pointer to the next Rx node element. */
struct eth_rx_node_ctx ctx; /**< Rx node context. */
cne_node_t nid; /**< Node identifier of the Rx node. */
} eth_rx_node_elem_t;
enum eth_rx_next_nodes {
ETH_RX_NEXT_PTYPE,
ETH_RX_NEXT_MAX,
};
/**
* @internal
*
* Ethernet Rx node main structure.
*/
struct eth_rx_node_main {
eth_rx_node_elem_t *head; /**< Pointer to the head Rx node element. */
};
/**
* @internal
*
* Get the Ethernet Rx node data.
*
* @return
* Pointer to Ethernet Rx node data.
*/
struct eth_rx_node_main *eth_rx_get_node_data_get(void);
/**
* @internal
*
* Get the Ethernet Rx node.
*
* @return
* Pointer to the Ethernet Rx node.
*/
struct cne_node_register *eth_rx_node_get(void);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* __INCLUDE_ETH_RX_PRIV_H__ */
| 23,508 |
https://github.com/ZootHii/design-patterns/blob/master/src/com/zoothii/strategy/example0/Main.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
design-patterns
|
ZootHii
|
Java
|
Code
| 57 | 433 |
package com.zoothii.strategy.example0;
import com.zoothii.strategy.example0.character.Character;
import com.zoothii.strategy.example0.strategies.MountOnDragon;
import com.zoothii.strategy.example0.strategies.MountOnHorse;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Character character = new Character(10);
System.out.println(character.getMountOn());
// System.out.println(character.getMountOnStrategy());
System.out.println(character.getBaseHitPoint());
System.out.println(character.getCalculatedHitPoint());
System.out.println("------------------------");
character.mountOn(new MountOnDragon());
System.out.println(character.getMountOn());
// System.out.println(character.getMountOnStrategy());
System.out.println(character.getBaseHitPoint());
System.out.println(character.getCalculatedHitPoint());
System.out.println("------------------------");
var horse = new MountOnHorse();
character.mountOn(horse);
character.mountOn(horse);
System.out.println(character.getMountOn());
// System.out.println(character.getMountOnStrategy());
System.out.println(character.getBaseHitPoint());
System.out.println(character.getCalculatedHitPoint());
character.mountOff(horse);
System.out.println(character.getMountOn());
// System.out.println(character.getMountOnStrategy());
System.out.println(character.getBaseHitPoint());
System.out.println(character.getCalculatedHitPoint());
}
}
| 11,825 |
https://github.com/syxza/HoloLensTrackingOpenCV/blob/master/Assets/OpenCVForUnity/org/opencv/video/KalmanFilter.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,019 |
HoloLensTrackingOpenCV
|
syxza
|
C#
|
Code
| 1,667 | 6,524 |
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace OpenCVForUnity
{
// C++: class KalmanFilter
//javadoc: KalmanFilter
public class KalmanFilter : DisposableOpenCVObject
{
protected override void Dispose (bool disposing)
{
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
try {
if (disposing) {
}
if (IsEnabledDispose) {
if (nativeObj != IntPtr.Zero)
video_KalmanFilter_delete(nativeObj);
nativeObj = IntPtr.Zero;
}
} finally {
base.Dispose (disposing);
}
#else
return;
#endif
}
protected internal KalmanFilter (IntPtr addr) : base (addr) { }
public IntPtr getNativeObjAddr () { return nativeObj; }
// internal usage only
public static KalmanFilter __fromPtr__ (IntPtr addr) { return new KalmanFilter (addr); }
//
// C++: cv::KalmanFilter::KalmanFilter(int dynamParams, int measureParams, int controlParams = 0, int type = CV_32F)
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::KalmanFilter(dynamParams, measureParams, controlParams, type)
public KalmanFilter (int dynamParams, int measureParams, int controlParams, int type)
{
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
nativeObj = video_KalmanFilter_KalmanFilter_10(dynamParams, measureParams, controlParams, type);
return;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::KalmanFilter(dynamParams, measureParams, controlParams)
public KalmanFilter (int dynamParams, int measureParams, int controlParams)
{
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
nativeObj = video_KalmanFilter_KalmanFilter_11(dynamParams, measureParams, controlParams);
return;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::KalmanFilter(dynamParams, measureParams)
public KalmanFilter (int dynamParams, int measureParams)
{
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
nativeObj = video_KalmanFilter_KalmanFilter_12(dynamParams, measureParams);
return;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: cv::KalmanFilter::KalmanFilter()
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::KalmanFilter()
public KalmanFilter ()
{
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
nativeObj = video_KalmanFilter_KalmanFilter_13();
return;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat cv::KalmanFilter::correct(Mat measurement)
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::correct(measurement)
public Mat correct (Mat measurement)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (measurement != null) measurement.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_correct_10(nativeObj, measurement.nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat cv::KalmanFilter::predict(Mat control = Mat())
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::predict(control)
public Mat predict (Mat control)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (control != null) control.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_predict_10(nativeObj, control.nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::predict()
public Mat predict ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_predict_11(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::statePre
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::get_statePre()
public Mat get_statePre ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_get_1statePre_10(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: void KalmanFilter::statePre
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::set_statePre(statePre)
public void set_statePre (Mat statePre)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (statePre != null) statePre.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
video_KalmanFilter_set_1statePre_10(nativeObj, statePre.nativeObj);
return;
#else
return;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::statePost
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::get_statePost()
public Mat get_statePost ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_get_1statePost_10(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: void KalmanFilter::statePost
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::set_statePost(statePost)
public void set_statePost (Mat statePost)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (statePost != null) statePost.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
video_KalmanFilter_set_1statePost_10(nativeObj, statePost.nativeObj);
return;
#else
return;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::transitionMatrix
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::get_transitionMatrix()
public Mat get_transitionMatrix ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_get_1transitionMatrix_10(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: void KalmanFilter::transitionMatrix
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::set_transitionMatrix(transitionMatrix)
public void set_transitionMatrix (Mat transitionMatrix)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (transitionMatrix != null) transitionMatrix.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
video_KalmanFilter_set_1transitionMatrix_10(nativeObj, transitionMatrix.nativeObj);
return;
#else
return;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::controlMatrix
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::get_controlMatrix()
public Mat get_controlMatrix ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_get_1controlMatrix_10(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: void KalmanFilter::controlMatrix
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::set_controlMatrix(controlMatrix)
public void set_controlMatrix (Mat controlMatrix)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (controlMatrix != null) controlMatrix.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
video_KalmanFilter_set_1controlMatrix_10(nativeObj, controlMatrix.nativeObj);
return;
#else
return;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::measurementMatrix
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::get_measurementMatrix()
public Mat get_measurementMatrix ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_get_1measurementMatrix_10(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: void KalmanFilter::measurementMatrix
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::set_measurementMatrix(measurementMatrix)
public void set_measurementMatrix (Mat measurementMatrix)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (measurementMatrix != null) measurementMatrix.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
video_KalmanFilter_set_1measurementMatrix_10(nativeObj, measurementMatrix.nativeObj);
return;
#else
return;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::processNoiseCov
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::get_processNoiseCov()
public Mat get_processNoiseCov ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_get_1processNoiseCov_10(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: void KalmanFilter::processNoiseCov
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::set_processNoiseCov(processNoiseCov)
public void set_processNoiseCov (Mat processNoiseCov)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (processNoiseCov != null) processNoiseCov.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
video_KalmanFilter_set_1processNoiseCov_10(nativeObj, processNoiseCov.nativeObj);
return;
#else
return;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::measurementNoiseCov
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::get_measurementNoiseCov()
public Mat get_measurementNoiseCov ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_get_1measurementNoiseCov_10(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: void KalmanFilter::measurementNoiseCov
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::set_measurementNoiseCov(measurementNoiseCov)
public void set_measurementNoiseCov (Mat measurementNoiseCov)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (measurementNoiseCov != null) measurementNoiseCov.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
video_KalmanFilter_set_1measurementNoiseCov_10(nativeObj, measurementNoiseCov.nativeObj);
return;
#else
return;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::errorCovPre
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::get_errorCovPre()
public Mat get_errorCovPre ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_get_1errorCovPre_10(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: void KalmanFilter::errorCovPre
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::set_errorCovPre(errorCovPre)
public void set_errorCovPre (Mat errorCovPre)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (errorCovPre != null) errorCovPre.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
video_KalmanFilter_set_1errorCovPre_10(nativeObj, errorCovPre.nativeObj);
return;
#else
return;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::gain
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::get_gain()
public Mat get_gain ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_get_1gain_10(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: void KalmanFilter::gain
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::set_gain(gain)
public void set_gain (Mat gain)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (gain != null) gain.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
video_KalmanFilter_set_1gain_10(nativeObj, gain.nativeObj);
return;
#else
return;
#endif
}
//
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::errorCovPost
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::get_errorCovPost()
public Mat get_errorCovPost ()
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
Mat retVal = new Mat(video_KalmanFilter_get_1errorCovPost_10(nativeObj));
return retVal;
#else
return null;
#endif
}
//
// C++: void KalmanFilter::errorCovPost
//
//javadoc: KalmanFilter::set_errorCovPost(errorCovPost)
public void set_errorCovPost (Mat errorCovPost)
{
ThrowIfDisposed ();
if (errorCovPost != null) errorCovPost.ThrowIfDisposed ();
#if UNITY_PRO_LICENSE || ((UNITY_ANDROID || UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR) || UNITY_5 || UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
video_KalmanFilter_set_1errorCovPost_10(nativeObj, errorCovPost.nativeObj);
return;
#else
return;
#endif
}
#if (UNITY_IOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR
const string LIBNAME = "__Internal";
#else
const string LIBNAME = "opencvforunity";
#endif
// C++: cv::KalmanFilter::KalmanFilter(int dynamParams, int measureParams, int controlParams = 0, int type = CV_32F)
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_KalmanFilter_10 (int dynamParams, int measureParams, int controlParams, int type);
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_KalmanFilter_11 (int dynamParams, int measureParams, int controlParams);
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_KalmanFilter_12 (int dynamParams, int measureParams);
// C++: cv::KalmanFilter::KalmanFilter()
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_KalmanFilter_13 ();
// C++: Mat cv::KalmanFilter::correct(Mat measurement)
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_correct_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr measurement_nativeObj);
// C++: Mat cv::KalmanFilter::predict(Mat control = Mat())
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_predict_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr control_nativeObj);
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_predict_11 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::statePre
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_get_1statePre_10 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: void KalmanFilter::statePre
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_set_1statePre_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr statePre_nativeObj);
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::statePost
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_get_1statePost_10 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: void KalmanFilter::statePost
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_set_1statePost_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr statePost_nativeObj);
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::transitionMatrix
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_get_1transitionMatrix_10 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: void KalmanFilter::transitionMatrix
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_set_1transitionMatrix_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr transitionMatrix_nativeObj);
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::controlMatrix
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_get_1controlMatrix_10 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: void KalmanFilter::controlMatrix
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_set_1controlMatrix_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr controlMatrix_nativeObj);
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::measurementMatrix
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_get_1measurementMatrix_10 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: void KalmanFilter::measurementMatrix
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_set_1measurementMatrix_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr measurementMatrix_nativeObj);
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::processNoiseCov
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_get_1processNoiseCov_10 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: void KalmanFilter::processNoiseCov
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_set_1processNoiseCov_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr processNoiseCov_nativeObj);
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::measurementNoiseCov
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_get_1measurementNoiseCov_10 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: void KalmanFilter::measurementNoiseCov
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_set_1measurementNoiseCov_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr measurementNoiseCov_nativeObj);
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::errorCovPre
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_get_1errorCovPre_10 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: void KalmanFilter::errorCovPre
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_set_1errorCovPre_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr errorCovPre_nativeObj);
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::gain
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_get_1gain_10 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: void KalmanFilter::gain
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_set_1gain_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr gain_nativeObj);
// C++: Mat KalmanFilter::errorCovPost
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern IntPtr video_KalmanFilter_get_1errorCovPost_10 (IntPtr nativeObj);
// C++: void KalmanFilter::errorCovPost
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_set_1errorCovPost_10 (IntPtr nativeObj, IntPtr errorCovPost_nativeObj);
// native support for java finalize()
[DllImport (LIBNAME)]
private static extern void video_KalmanFilter_delete (IntPtr nativeObj);
}
}
| 12,396 |
https://github.com/shabhazjadoon/acwatask/blob/master/Source/src/widgets/swiper/swiper.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
acwatask
|
shabhazjadoon
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 86 | 308 |
import Swiper from "swiper/dist/js/swiper.min.js";
export function init() {
let sliders = document.querySelectorAll("[swiper-container]");
if (sliders.length) {
var swiper = new Swiper('.swiper-container', {
navigation: {
nextEl: '.swiper-button-next',
prevEl: '.swiper-button-prev',
},
});
// var galleryTop = new Swiper(".gallery-top", {
// spaceBetween: 10,
// navigation: {
// nextEl: ".swiper-button-next",
// prevEl: ".swiper-button-prev"
// }
// });
// var galleryThumbs = new Swiper(".gallery-thumbs", {
// spaceBetween: 10,
// centeredSlides: true,
// slidesPerView: "auto",
// touchRatio: 0.2,
// slideToClickedSlide: true
// });
// galleryTop.controller.control = galleryThumbs;
// galleryThumbs.controller.control = galleryTop;
}
}
| 31,891 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2313082
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,010 |
Stack Exchange
|
Amol Patil, Mukesh, Niamh , Rafael H, RajaSekar, Vsv Aditya, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4693749, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4693750, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4693751, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4693778, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4693822, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4710820, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4710821, user4710821
|
English
|
Spoken
| 255 | 449 |
If I catch exceptions inside a using statement for a SqlConnection, does the using still handle closing and disposing my connection?
I'm going through some old C#.NET code in an ASP.NET application making sure that all SqlConnections are wrapped in using blocks.
This piece of code used to open cn and da and close and dispose them in both the catch block and the end of the method. I added the usings and can't figure out for certain if the using blocks still handle disposing of the connection if an exception is thrown in the try and caught in the catch. This question seems to suggest that it does.
using (SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(Global.sDSN))
{
using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter())
{
// do some stuff
try
{
// do stuff that might throw exceptions
}
catch (catch (System.Exception e)
{
//return something here
// can I ditch these because the using's handle it?
da.Dispose();
cn.Close();
cn.Dispose();
return msg;
}
}
}
Yes, they will. They're basically turned into a finally block.
So something like this:
using (SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(Global.sDSN))
{
....
}
is really turned into:
SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(Global.sDSN)
try
{
....
}
finally
{
cn.Dispose();
}
more or less - and the finally block is always executed, no matter what might have happened before in the try {.....} block.
When you use a using clause this is what's happening:
myobject = new object();
try{
// do something with myobject
}finally{
myobject.Dispose();
}
Hope this helps,
Best regards,
Tom.
| 26,707 |
https://github.com/Nekrull/pbca/blob/master/core/src/main/java/gr/blackswamp/core/functions/TriFunction.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
pbca
|
Nekrull
|
Java
|
Code
| 17 | 55 |
package gr.blackswamp.core.functions;
public interface TriFunction<P1, P2, P3, R> {
R call(P1 param1, P2 param2, P3 param3);
}
| 39,988 |
Subsets and Splits
Token Count by Language
Reveals the distribution of total tokens by language, highlighting which languages are most prevalent in the dataset.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a detailed breakdown of document counts and total word/token counts for English documents in different collections and open types, revealing insights into data distribution and quantity.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a count of items in each collection that are licensed under 'CC-By-SA', giving insight into the distribution of this license across different collections.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Counts the number of items in each collection that have a 'CC-By' license, providing insight into license distribution across collections.
Bulgarian Texts from Train Set
Retrieves all entries in the training set that are in Bulgarian, providing a basic filter on language.
License Count in Train Set
Counts the number of entries for each license type and orders them, providing a basic overview of license distribution.
Top 100 Licenses Count
Displays the top 100 licenses by their occurrence count, providing basic insights into which licenses are most common in the dataset.
Language Frequency in Dataset
Provides a simple count of each language present in the dataset, which is useful for basic understanding but limited in depth of insight.
French Spoken Samples
Limited to showing 100 samples of the dataset where the language is French and it's spoken, providing basic filtering without deeper insights.
GitHub Open Source Texts
Retrieves specific text samples labeled with their language from the 'Github Open Source' collection.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query performs basic filtering to retrieve specific records from the dataset, which could be useful for preliminary data exploration but does not provide deep insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query retrieves all English entries from specific collections, which provides basic filtering but minimal analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves all English language documents from specific data collections, useful for focusing on relevant subset but doesn't provide deeper insights or analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a specific subset of documents from the dataset, but does not provide any meaningful analysis or insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a sample of 10,000 English documents from the USPTO with an open government type, providing a basic look at the dataset's content without deep analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering to retrieve entries related to English language, USPTO collection, and open government documents, offering limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves metadata of entries specifically from the USPTO collection in English, offering basic filtering.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query filters for English entries from specific collections, providing a basic subset of the dataset without deep analysis or insight.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering, returning all rows from the 'StackExchange' collection where the language is 'English', providing limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query filters data for English entries from specific collections with an 'Open Web' type but mainly retrieves raw data without providing deep insights.
Filtered English Wikipedia Articles
Filters and retrieves specific English language Wikipedia entries of a certain length, providing a limited subset for basic exploration.
Filtered English Open Web Texts
Retrieves a subset of English texts with a specific length range from the 'Open Web', which provides basic filtering but limited insight.
Filtered English Open Culture Texts
Retrieves a sample of English texts from the 'Open Culture' category within a specific length range, providing a basic subset of data for further exploration.
Random English Texts <6500 Ch
Retrieves a random sample of 2000 English text entries that are shorter than 6500 characters, useful for quick data exploration but not revealing specific trends.
List of Languages
Lists all unique languages present in the dataset, which provides basic information about language variety but limited analytical insight.