id
int64 39
11.1M
| section
stringlengths 3
4.51M
| length
int64 2
49.9k
| title
stringlengths 1
182
| chunk_id
int64 0
68
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
10,070,168 |
# Randy Ireland
**Randy Ireland** (born April 5, 1957) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played two games in the National Hockey League with the Buffalo Sabres during the 1978--79 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1977 to 1983, was spent in various minor leagues.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Born in Rosetown, Saskatchewan and raised in Biggar, Saskatchewan, Ireland played junior with the Saskatoon Blades of the Western Canada Hockey League from 1973 to 1976, then one final season with the Portland Winterhawks. He was selected in the fourth round, 60th overall by the Chicago Black Hawks in the 1977 NHL Amateur Draft. However he re-entered the draft in 1978 and was selected by the Buffalo Sabres in the fifth round, 82nd overall. He turned professional in 1977, and played in different minor leagues until 1983. His lone National Hockey League experience coming in two games with the Sabres during the 1978--79 season; he played a total of 30 minutes between the two games
| 170 |
Randy Ireland
| 0 |
10,070,171 |
# Ondiep
**Ondiep** is a working-class district in northwest Utrecht, Netherlands, between the river Vecht and Amsterdamsestraatweg street.
Ondiep was constructed starting 1915. From the 1930, the district was used to house \"abnormals\", under the supervision of police, social work and medical workers. While it was intended to have an educational function, training its resident to integrate into society and eventually move out of Ondiep, this seldom happened, adding to the district\'s reputation as a ghetto within Utrecht.
The population has traditionally been highly sedentary with a high percentage of people being born there continuing to live in the district after marriage.
## 2007 riots
On 11 March 2007, Rinie Mulder, a 54-year-old resident of Ondiep was shot and killed by a police officer. Mulder had previously reported nuisance caused by young loiterers, but both the municipality and the police failed to respond to his complaints. On the day of the incident, a fight broke out between local residents and the loiterers. Two motorcycle officers arrived on the scene, and one of them shot Mulder, believing he was threatening her with a knife. Forensic investigation later revealed that the officer did not fire a warning shot, but shot Mulder once, hitting him in the heart and causing his death.
The following evening, groups of young people from the neighborhood vandalised the area, prompting Mayor Annie Brouwer-Korf to close off the neighborhood on 13 March. Only residents were allowed to enter or leave through one point. The closure was due to police reports that potential rioters, known as \"riot tourists,\" from both within and outside of Utrecht were planning to visit the area, which the mayor hoped to prevent with her measure. A group of 135 people were arrested for violating the ban on gatherings. After a silent march organized by Gradus Kwarten, a friend of Mulder, which was attended by approximately 1,500 people on 15 March, the closure was lifted.
The officer who shot Mulder was acquitted, as the Public Prosecution Service (*Openbaar Ministerie; OM*) believed that she had no chance to escape and had acted in self-defense. The OM argued that the officer had to use her weapon to defend her own life. The National Criminal Investigation Department (*Rijksrecherche*) conducted an investigation into Mulder\'s death and considered only the motorcycle officer and one colleague to be reliable witnesses to the shooting incident. There were other people nearby, but they had not seen anything themselves, according to the department.
## Sport
The neighborhood is home to association football club DHSC (DOS Holland Stichtse Boys Combinatie). The club was formed in 2004 after a merger between the football clubs DOS and Holland, and was initially known as DHC \'04. In 2007, the club merged again, this time with Stichtse Boys, resulting in the current club name. The club\'s home ground is the \"Sportpark Wesley Sneijder\", named after the famous football player who was born and raised in the Ondiep neighborhood. In addition, the neighborhood was also home to the judo club Anton Geesink
| 502 |
Ondiep
| 0 |
10,070,183 |
# Chaetopterus pugaporcinus
***Chaetopterus pugaporcinus***, commonly known as the **pigbutt worm** or **flying buttocks**, is a species of worm first described by scientists at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in 2007. The worm is round in shape, approximately 10 to 20 millimeters in length (roughly the size of a hazelnut), and bears a strong resemblance to a disembodied pair of buttocks. Because of this, it was given a Latin species name that roughly translates to \"resembling a pig\'s rear.\"
The worm has been observed residing just below the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) between 875 and deep --- even when the sea floor is significantly deeper. The worms are neutrally buoyant, and have been observed floating along with their mouth parts facing downward, and their hind parts towards the ocean surface. As these worms have shown no ability to swim or otherwise propel themselves through the water, and have no long, protruding appendages to catch prey with, they must rely on filter feeding to survive. Current theories suggest that they reside in the oxygen minimum zone because of its cornucopia of detritus and marine snow, and that the worms produce clouds of mucus to capture particles of food and \"snow,\" which they later draw into their mouths and ingest. *C. pugaporcinus* has been found to feed mainly on pelagic phytoplankton, as well as pelagic foraminiferans, silicoflagellates, dinoflagellates, and marine protists.
The worm has a segmented body, but the middle segments are highly inflated, giving the animal a round shape. These morphological characteristics are unique among chaetopterids. It is unknown whether the specimens found to date were adult or larval forms. As chaetopterid worms do not spend a predetermined amount of time as planktonic larva, it is possible that the specimens found were actually larva that had simply been unable to settle in an appropriate benthic habitat for their species. Their unusual size (five to ten times larger than any known chaetopterid larvae) might indicate they were adults, but all currently known species of chaetopterid adults prefer to live in the benthic environment, and live in parchment-like tubes on the sea floor. Comparison to larval morphology has indicated that the specimens have a close relationship to either genus *Chaetopterus* or genus *Mesochaetopterus*, and a phylogenetic tree constructed from mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA sequences from twelve different Chaetopteridae worms found them to be most closely related to other worms of the genus *Chaetopterus*.
In laboratory settings, *C. pugaporcinus* has been found to produce bioluminescence when physically stimulated. This bioluminescence is produced as a bright blue light that endures for 3 to 6 seconds. Additionally, the worm will produce very small bioluminescent green particles that are dispersed into its mucous cloud, and glow for 1 to 2 seconds before fading
| 457 |
Chaetopterus pugaporcinus
| 0 |
10,070,184 |
# Loan agreement
{{+r\|date=March 2016}}A **loan agreement** (also known as a **lending agreement**) is a contract between a borrower and a lender which regulates the mutual promises made by each party. There are many types of loan agreements, including \"facilities agreements\", \"revolvers\", \"term loans\", \"working capital loans\". Loan agreements are documented via a compilation of the various mutual promises made by the involved parties.
Prior to entering into a commercial loan agreement, the \"borrower\" first makes representations about his affairs surrounding his character, creditworthiness, cashflow, and any collateral that he may have available to pledge as security for a loan. These representations are taken into consideration and the lender then determines under what conditions (terms), if any, they are prepared to advance money.
Loan agreements, like any contract, reflect an \"offer\", the \"acceptance of the offer\", \"consideration\", and can only involve situations that are \"legal\" (a term loan agreement involving heroin drug sales is not \"legal\"). Loan agreements are documented via their commitment letters, agreements that reflect the understandings reached between the involved parties, a promissory note, and a collateral agreement (such as a mortgage or a personal guarantee). Loan agreements offered by regulated banks are different from those that are offered by finance companies in that banks receive a \"banking charter\" granted as a privilege and involving the \"public trust\".
Loan agreements are usually in written form, but there is no legal reason why a loan agreement cannot be a purely oral contract (although oral agreements are more difficult to enforce).
## Types
For commercial banks and large finance companies, \"loan agreements\" are usually not categorized although \"loan portfolios\" are often broadly characterized into \"personal\" and \"commercial\" loans while the \"commercial\" category is then subdivided into \"industrial\" and \"commercial real estate\" loans. \"Industrial\" loans are those that depend on the cashflow and creditworthiness of the company and the widgets or service that it sells. \"Commercial real estate\" loans are those that repay loans but that depend on the rental revenues paid by tenants who lease space, usually for extended times. More granular categorizations of loan portfolios exist but these are always variations around the larger themes.
The loan agreements originated by commercial banks, savings banks, finance companies, insurance organizations, and investment banks are very different from each other and all feed a different purpose. \"Commercial banks\" and \"Savings banks\", because they accept deposits and benefit from FDIC insurance, generate loans that incorporate the concepts of the \"public trust\". Prior to interstate banking, that \"public trust\" was easily measured by State bank regulators who could see how local deposits were used to fund the working capital needs of local industry and businesses, and the benefits associated with those organization\'s employment. \"Insurance\" organizations, who collect premiums for providing either life or property/casualty coverage, created their own types of loan agreements. \"Banks\" and \"Insurance\" organizations\' loan agreements and documentation standards evolved from their individual cultures and were governed by policies that somehow addressed each organizations liabilities (In the case of \"banks\", the liquidity needs of their depositors; in the case of insurance organizations, the liquidity needs associated with their expected \"claims\" payments).
\"Investment banks\" create loan agreements that cater to the needs of the investors whose funds they attempt to attract; \"investors\" are always sophisticated and accredited organizations not subject to bank regulatory supervision and the need to cater to the public trust. Investment banking activities are supervised by the SEC and their main focus is on whether the correct or proper disclosures are made to the parties who provide the funds.
Types of Loans:
- bilateral loans
- syndicated loans (a syndicated loan is one that is provided by a group of lenders and is structured, arranged, and administered by one or several commercial banks or investment banks known as lead arrangers).
Categorizing loan agreements by type of facility usually results in two primary categories:
- term loans, which are repaid in set installments over the term, or
- revolving loans (or overdrafts) where up to a maximum amount can be withdrawn at any time, and interest is paid from month to month on the drawn amount.
Within these two categories though, there are various subdivisions such as interest-only loans, and balloon payment loans. It is also possible to subcategorize on whether the loan is a secured loan or an unsecured loan, and whether the rate of interest is fixed or floating.
Promise to Repay
Forms of loan agreements vary tremendously from industry to industry, country to country, but characteristically a professionally drafted commercial loan agreement will incorporate the following terms:
1. Parties to contracts with their addresses
2. Definitions or interpretation provisions
3. Facility and purpose
4. Conditions precedent to utilization
5. Repayment provisions
6. Prepayment and cancellation provisions
7. Interest and interest periods
8. Provisions dealing with gross-up in relation to any withholding imposed
9. Payments provisions
10. Representations of the borrower
11. Representations of the lender
12. Covenants of the borrower
13. Events of default
14. Remedies in the event of default
15. Provisions for penalties and liquidated damages
16. For syndicated loans, provisions relating to the facility agent and security agent and voting of the lenders
17. Formulae for calculations
18. Provisions for fees of the lenders
19. Provisions for expenses
20. Securitization provisions
21. Amendments and waivers provisions
22. Covenants relating to changes in parties
23. Set-off clause
24. Severability clause
25. Counterparts clause
26. Addresses for notices
27. Language provisions
28. Choice of law clause
29. Forum selection clause
30
| 915 |
Loan agreement
| 0 |
10,070,185 |
# Kataharu Matsudaira
**Viscount** `{{nihongo|'''Kataharu Matsudaira'''|松平 容大|Matsudaira Kataharu|July 11, 1854 – June 11, 1910}}`{=mediawiki} was a Japanese man who served as the daimyō of Tonami han (the former Aizu han) in the early Meiji Era. Born the eldest son of Matsudaira Katamori, he succeeded Katamori\'s adopted son Nobunori in 1869. As the Meiji government had granted the former daimyō family of Aizu a 30,000 *koku* holding in northern Honshū, Kataharu became its daimyō, with Katamori technically in his \"care.\"
Kataharu became a member of the new kazoku in the Meiji Era, as well as an officer in the Imperial Japanese Army
| 101 |
Kataharu Matsudaira
| 0 |
10,070,216 |
# Days of Glory
| 4 |
Days of Glory
| 0 |
10,070,226 |
# Marion Frederic Ramírez de Arellano
Captain **Marion Frederic Ramirez de Arellano** (August 5, 1913 -- May 15, 1980) was a submarine commander in the United States Navy and the first Hispanic submarine commanding officer. He was awarded two Silver Stars, the Legion of Merit, and a Bronze Star for his actions against the Japanese Imperial Navy during World War II.
## Early years {#early_years}
Ramirez de Arellano (birth name: **Marion Frederic Ramírez de Arellano Kimerer** ) was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, to Rafael Ramirez de Arellano and Lucille Josephne Kimerer. When he was just a child, his parents moved for a short period of time to Athens, Georgia, where he began grade school. The family soon returned to the island and both his parents Rafael W. de Arellano and Lucille Kemmerer Ramirez de Arellano found employment as professors at the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras. Ramirez de Arellano continued his education in Puerto Rico and after he graduated from high school, he attended the University of Puerto Rico for two years.
## U.S. Naval Academy {#u.s._naval_academy}
In 1931, he was appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy by Theodore Roosevelt Jr. who served as Governor of Puerto Rico from 1929 to 1932. Ramirez de Arellano excelled in sports in the Academy, earning varsity letters in soccer, tennis, and gymnastics. He also won the Society of the Cincinnati prize for highest standing in the course for the Department of Languages. He graduated from the Academy in 1935.
Upon his graduation, he was commissioned an Ensign and assigned to the `{{USS|Ranger|CV-4|6}}`{=mediawiki}, the first ship of the United States Navy to be designed and built from the keel up as an aircraft carrier. He served aboard as Gunnery Officer from 1935 to 1937. From 1937 to 1938, he attended Submarine School at Groton, Connecticut.
| 305 |
Marion Frederic Ramírez de Arellano
| 0 |
10,070,226 |
# Marion Frederic Ramírez de Arellano
## World War II {#world_war_ii}
In 1938, Ramirez de Arellano was assigned as Division Officer of the `{{USS|Pickerel|SS-177|6}}`{=mediawiki}, a *Porpoise*-class submarine. The *Pickerel* was training near the Philippines when on December 8, 1941, the islands were attacked by Japan. The *Pickerel* was ordered to patrol the coast of the islands and on her second war patrol she sank the *Kanko Maru*, a Japanese vessel, in the Gulf of Davao off Mindanao. He participated in five war patrols with the *Pickerel* and led the effort to rescue five Navy pilots and one enlisted gunner off Wake Island. He also contributed to the sinking of two Japanese freighters and damaging a third. For his actions, he was awarded a Silver Star Medal and a Legion of Merit Medal.
After a brief stint at the Navy Yard on Mare Island, he was reassigned to the `{{USS|Skate|SS-305|6}}`{=mediawiki}, a `{{sclass|Balao|submarine|1}}`{=mediawiki}. He participated in the *Skate*{{\'}}s first three war patrols and was awarded a second Silver Star Medal for his contributions in the sinking the Japanese light cruiser *Agano*, on his third patrol. The *Agano* had survived a previous torpedo attack by submarine `{{USS|Scamp|SS-277|6}}`{=mediawiki}.
In April 1944, Ramirez de Arellano as named Commanding Officer of the `{{USS|Balao|SS-285|6}}`{=mediawiki}, thus becoming the first Hispanic submarine commanding officer. He participated in his ship\'s war patrols 5, 6 and 7. On July 5, 1944, Ramirez de Arellano led the rescue of three downed Navy pilots in the Palau area. On December 4, 1944, the *Balao* departed from Pearl Harbor to patrol in the Yellow Sea. The *Balao* engaged and sunk the Japanese cargo ship *Daigo Maru* on January 8, 1945. Ramirez de Arellano was awarded a Bronze Star with Combat V and a Letter of Commendation.
In February 1945, Ramirez de Arellano worked with submarine relief crews in Submarine Division 202 and he served as Commander of Submarine Division 16.
## Post-World War II {#post_world_war_ii}
In May 1946, Ramirez de Arellano was named Commanding Officer of Submarine Base, Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. With the exception of his other two ship commands, the `{{USS|Lindenwald|LSD-6|6}}`{=mediawiki} (1952--1954) and of the `{{USS|Thomaston|LSD-28|6}}`{=mediawiki} (1954--1955), Ramirez de Arellano held various administrative and teaching positions --- among them Assistant to War Plans Officer, Caribbean Sea Frontier, 10th Naval District (1947--1949) and in the Department of Languages, U.S/ Naval Academy (1949--1952). He was War Plans Officer, Joint U.S. Military Group in Madrid, Spain from May 1955 to June 1957 and the Deputy Director of the Inter-American Defense Board in Washington, D.C., from July 1957 to July 1961. On July 1, 1961, Captain Ramirez de Arellano retired from the Navy.
## Personal
Ramirez de Arellano was married to Mysie Isabel Judson, of Tacoma, with whom he had three sons. He died on May 15, 1980, at Andrews Air Force Base near Washington, D.C.
### Miscellaneous
Ramirez de Arellano is described in Rick Riordan\'s young-adult novel The Blood of Olympus as being a great-great-uncle of the major character Reyna Ramirez-Arellano.
In 2020 Marion Frederic Ramírez de Arellano was posthumously inducted to the Puerto Rico Veterans Hall of Fame
| 515 |
Marion Frederic Ramírez de Arellano
| 1 |
10,070,358 |
# Lisa Kirk
**Lisa Kirk** (born **Elsie Kirk**; February 25, 1925 -- November 11, 1990) was an American actress and singer noted for her comic talents and rich contralto (her voice was called a husky alto).
## Early life {#early_life}
Born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania as Elsie Kirk, she was raised in Roscoe, Pennsylvania. Her Roscoe home later became the Hotel Roscoe.
Kirk enrolled as a law student at the University of Pittsburgh but abandoned her studies when she was offered a spot in the chorus line at the Versailles nightclub in Manhattan.
## Career
Kirk studied theatre at HB Studio in New York City and made her Broadway debut in *Allegro* in 1947. In 1948, she gained critical acclaim for her performance as Lois Lane/Bianca in *Kiss Me, Kate*, for which Kirk recounted learning the songs (from Cole Porter) and performing them for investors before performing them in the theatre. The reviewer for CastAlbumReviews.com wrote: \"As Lois/Bianca, Lisa Kirk acts and sings her numbers impeccably; her performance of \'Why Can\'t You Behave?\' is unsurpassed as her sultry voice pours over great lines such as, \'There I\'ll care for you forever/Well, at least till you dig my grave\'.\"
In *Mack and Mabel* (1974), she played an older actress who becomes a star tap dancer, and was noted by Clive Barnes to be \"particularly fine\". Additional Broadway credits include *Here\'s Love* (1963), *Me Jack, You Jill* (closed during previews in 1976), and a 1984 revival of Noël Coward\'s *Design for Living*.
Kirk\'s only feature film work was done behind-the-scenes, dubbing all of Rosalind Russell\'s singing in *Gypsy* (except for \"\"Mr. Goldstone\" and the first half of \"Rose\'s Turn\"). It was rumored that she had also dubbed Lucille Ball\'s singing voice in *Mame*, but Ball denied this on *The Merv Griffin Show*, saying, \"She\'s not dubbing my voice because no one can.\"
Kirk was active in the early days of television, appearing in such anthology series as *Studio One*, where she co-starred in *The Taming of the Shrew* on June 5, 1950. She appeared on *Kraft Television Theatre*, *The Colgate Comedy Hour*, and *General Electric Theater*. In later years she guested on episodes of sitcoms like *Bewitched* and *The Courtship of Eddie\'s Father*, as well as variety series like *The Ed Sullivan Show*, *The Hollywood Palace*, and *The Dean Martin Show*.
Kirk frequently appeared at the Persian Room in the Plaza Hotel. She also appeared at New York City\'s Rainbow and Stars nightclub. In a review of her act at Rainbow and Stars in April 1989, *New York Times* critic John S. Wilson wrote that Kirk\'s \"long career has given her polish, presence and a solid foundation of songs by Rodgers and Hammerstein, Cole Porter and Jerry Herman with which she is associated. She has maintained such a trim structure that she can do justice to a song called \'Is That Really Her Figure?\' And although her voice may not be as full-bodied as it once was, she has a warm, easy projection that gives sensitivity and color to her songs.\"
In addition to Kirk\'s appearances on original cast albums and compilations of Broadway performances, she recorded a number of solo recordings, including *I Feel A Song Comin\' On* and *Lisa Kirk Sings At The Plaza* (1959).
Kirk may be best known for her roles in the original Broadway productions of Rodgers and Hammerstein\'s *Allegro* and Cole Porter\'s *Kiss Me, Kate*. Bloom and Vlastnik wrote in their book *Broadway Musicals: the 101 Greatest Shows of All Time* that Kirk \"hit the jackpot again\", introducing \"Why Can\'t You Behave\" and \"Always True to You (in My Fashion)\". Another popular number was the upbeat \"Tom, Dick or Harry\", performed with Harold Lang as Lucentio, Edwin Clay as Gremio and Charles Wood as Hortensio (suitors to Kirk\'s Bianca). Lewis Nichols wrote: \"Having startled the town last season by singing \'The Gentleman is a Dope\' as though she meant it, Miss Kirk is captivating \... this year as a fully accredited hoyden with a sense of humor.\"
## Personal life {#personal_life}
From 1949 until her death, Kirk was married to sketch artist and famed songwriter Robert Wells, who co-wrote \"The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)\" with Mel Torme. They had no children.
In 1950, Kirk\'s mother, Elsie Kirk, filed suit against her daughter for failing to abide to what she said was an agreement that the two of them share her earnings. Lisa Kirk insisted no such agreement existed.
In 1968, Kirk was involved in an automobile accident. She sustained whiplash that caused nerve damage in her lower back. In September 1972, after four years of physical and voice rehabilitation, she made a comeback at the St. Regis nightclub in New York City.
| 789 |
Lisa Kirk
| 0 |
10,070,358 |
# Lisa Kirk
## Death
A non-smoker, Kirk died of lung cancer on November 11, 1990, at Memorial-Sloan Cancer Center in Manhattan
| 22 |
Lisa Kirk
| 1 |
10,070,402 |
# Morio Matsudaira
Viscount `{{nihongo|'''Morio Matsudaira'''|松平 保男|Matsudaira Morio|6 December 1878 – 19 January 1944}}`{=mediawiki} was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy.
## Biography
Morio Matsudaira was the son of Matsudaira Katamori, the former *daimyō* of Aizu-Wakamatsu domain in what is now Fukushima prefecture. He was born at the Matsudaira\'s Tokyo residence in 1878.
Matsudaira graduated from the 28th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1900. He was ranked 86th in a class of 105 cadets. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1905 and assigned to the battleship *Chin\'en*, followed by the cruisers `{{Ship|Japanese cruiser|Yakumo||2}}`{=mediawiki} in 1906 and `{{Ship|Japanese cruiser|Akashi||2}}`{=mediawiki} (where he was chief gunnery officer) in 1907. Matsudaira was promoted to lieutenant commander in 1910, which was also the same year that he succeeded to the head of the Aizu Matsudaira household. He inherited his brother\'s title of viscount (*shishaku*) under the *kazoku* peerage system.
In 1914, he was appointed chief gunnery officer on the battleship `{{Ship|Japanese battleship|Kawachi||2}}`{=mediawiki}, and served from 1915-1916 as executive officer on the cruiser `{{Ship|Japanese cruiser|Hashidate||2}}`{=mediawiki}. Matsudaira was promoted to commander in 1916, and was assigned as aide-de-camp to Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu from December 1916-November 1918. On 10 November 1918, he was reassigned as executive officer on the battleship `{{Ship|Japanese battleship|Yamashiro||2}}`{=mediawiki}. Promoted to captain in 1920, he received his first command on 10 November 1922: the battlecruiser `{{Ship|Japanese battlecruiser|Ibuki||2}}`{=mediawiki}. He was also captain of the `{{Ship|Japanese battleship|Settsu||2}}`{=mediawiki} in 1923. From 1923 onwards, he served in a number of staff positions. On 1 December 1925, he was promoted to rear admiral and entered the reserves two weeks later.
Matsudaira Morio\'s son-in-law was a grandson of Tokugawa Yoshinobu, named Hikaru Tokugawa. He was a naval officer and killed in World War II. Morio\'s niece, Setsuko, married Prince Chichibu
| 293 |
Morio Matsudaira
| 0 |
10,070,407 |
# Nature Sounds
**Nature Sounds** is a record label based in Brooklyn, New York, specializing in hip hop and reggae music. The label is independently owned and operated. It was founded by Devin Horwitz in 2003.
## History
Nature Sounds was founded in 2003 by Devin Horwitz, also known as the producer Dev 1. Since then, the label has featured releases from prominent artists such as Blu, MF DOOM, Pete Rock, R.A. The Rugged Man and Immortal Technique, among others.
## Discography
- Ayatollah - *Fingertips* (2011)
- Ayatollah - *Live from the MPC 60* (2010)
- Ayatollah - *Cocoon* (2010) (digital only)
- Ayatollah - *The Quixotic* (2010) (digital only)
- Ayatollah - *Drum Machine* (digital only)
- Ayatollah - *Louder*
- Ayatollah - *Now Playing* (2006)
- Big City (Psycho Les, Al Tariq, Problemz) - *The City Never Sleeps* (2007)
- Blu - *HerFavoriteColo(u)r*
- Blu - *Good to Be Home* (2014)
- Black Market Militia - *Black Market Militia*
- Chris Lowe - *The Black Life* (2004)
- Copywrite - *Cruise Control Mixtape Vol. 1* (2005)
- DJ Babu - *The Beat Tape Vol. 2*
- DJ Babu - *Duck Season Vol. 3*
- Hell Razah - *Heaven Razah* (2010)
- Hell Razah - *Renaissance Child*
- Mathematics - *Mathematics Presents Wu-Tang Clan & Friends Unreleased* (2007)
- Mathematics - *The Problem*
- Mathematics - *Soul of a Man* (2006)
- O.C. & A.G. - *Oasis* (2010)
- Omega One - *The Lo-Fi Chronicles* (2005)
- Pete Rock - *NY\'s Finest*
- Scientist - *Dub 9/11*
- Strong Arm Steady - *Deep Hearted*
- Termanology - *Politics as Usual*
- Immortal Technique - *Revolutionary Vol. 1*
- Immortal Technique - *Revolutionary Vol. 2* (2003)
- Tragedy Khadafi - *Intelligent Hoodlum + Saga of a Hoodlum* (reissue) (2007)
- Illmind - *Behind the Curtain*
- R.A. the Rugged Man - *Die, Rugged Man, Die* (2004)
- R.A. the Rugged Man - *Legendary Classics Volume 1* (2009)
- R.A. the Rugged Man - *Legends Never Die* (2013)
- Various Artists (Nature Sounds) - *Convexed* (2003)
- Various Artists (Nature Sounds) - *Natural Selection* (2006)
- Various Artists (Nature Sounds) - *Too Stoned for TV* (2005)
- Vordul Mega - *The Revolution of Yung Havoks* (2004)
- Havoc - *The Kush* (2007)
- J Dilla - *Jay Stay Paid* (2009)
- Earl \"Chinna\" Smith - *Dub It!* (2004)
MF DOOM
- The Prof. Meets The SUPER VILLAIN (2002)
- *Special Herbs: The Box Set Vol. 0-9* (2003)
- *Special Herbs, Vols
| 421 |
Nature Sounds
| 0 |
10,070,413 |
# Rules (novel)
***Rules*** is the debut novel by author Cynthia Lord. Released by Scholastic, Inc. in 2006, it was a Newbery Honor book in 2007. It is a Sunshine State Young Readers book for 2008--2009 and won A 2007 Schneider Family Book Award. In 2009 it also won the Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children\'s Book Award.
## Summary
Catherine, a 12-year-old girl, is trying to drag her brother, David, to the car. David has autism, and he has to go to occupational therapy. However, he won\'t leave the house. Catherine talks to moving men to see when her new neighbor will move into their home. She finally drags David to the car and they go to OT. When they get there, she starts to sketch Jason, a boy who is unable to talk and is in a wheelchair. When she gives him the picture, they become friends. When she finally sees Kristi, the new neighbor girl, David is screaming. Kristi\'s first words to Catherine are \"Is he okay?\" Later, when she wants to meet them for real, they are busy unpacking, or not in the house. The next time Catherine goes to OT, she agrees to help Jason by making more of his speech cards. While making the cards, David needs her to get a toy out of the fish tank, and she sees Kristi talking to Ryan, a very rude boy that bullies. One day, Catherine\'s mom is making hamburger patties, as she intends to invite Kristi and her family over for a picnic. However, Kristi is at her dad\'s house, and they fail to meet again. Catherine goes to OT again, and she gives Jason her new cards. They talk, and Catherine agrees to make a lot more cards for him. While making the cards, Kristi is invited to her house by Catherine\'s mom, and they finally meet for the first time. They talk for a very long time and play basketball, which means that Catherine has to miss OT. Catherine\'s mom brings back a present for Catherine from Jason, which is carrots for her guinea pigs. The next time at OT, she brings the cards and a surprise for Jason, which is one of her own guinea pigs. While they go home, Catherine gets card stock and a paper cutter to make Jason more words. When they get home, Kristi is in the front yard with Ryan, and Ryan teases David with an empty gum wrapper. The next week at OT, Jason wants Catherine to push Jason around in his wheelchair as fast as she can go, because he wants to know how it feels like to run, and she does. The next morning, Catherine and Kristi go to the pond and swim, until Ryan comes and messes up the whole morning by making Kristi go with him instead of Catherine. They ask Catherine to go to the community dance, but she declines the offer, saying that she doesn\'t dance unless she is alone or the room is pitch black. At OT, Jason and Catherine go for a walk. When Catherine sees Kristi, she hides so Kristi doesn\'t see her with a disabled boy. Jason invites Catherine to his birthday party, which is on the same day as the dance. She accepts, thinking that it will be a good excuse to not go to the dance. Catherine helps Kristi make posters for the dance. Kristi is rude that Catherine doesn\'t want to go to the dance. Catherine goes to buy Jason a guitar for his birthday, and Jason has a wheelchair that has a joystick. When she goes to the party, she lets slip that there is a dance that night. Jason asks her if she wants to go, but she hesitates. Jason figures that she just doesn\'t want to go with a disabled boy, and he becomes very angry. When Catherine finally convinces him to go to the dance, she sees Kristi. Kristi is angry when she finds out that Jason is disabled and angry that Catherine didn\'t tell her that he was disabled. Catherine and Jason dance and Catherine realizes that her true friend is Jason, not anyone else that doesn\'t accept her or her friends.
| 701 |
Rules (novel)
| 0 |
10,070,413 |
# Rules (novel)
## Characters
- Catherine - The main protagonist, and a 12-year-old girl. She is David\'s sister. When Kristi moves in, she is very excited and cannot wait to meet them. When she goes to her brother\'s occupational therapy, or OT, she meets another new friend, Jason. Because Jason is disabled, she is afraid that Kristi will judge her. Catherine, who is so desperate to be Kristi\'s best friend, hides the fact that Jason is disabled to Kristi. In the end, she learns that Jason is her true friend. Most of Catherine\'s life is her trying to help her brother David. Catherine has two guinea pigs. She loves to draw, but she can\'t dance. She loves to swim in the lake close to her house. In her free time, she makes word cards for Jason, and she makes lists of rules for David.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- David - Catherine\'s 8-year-old brother. He has autism, likes everything to go as planned, and hears everything louder than it actually is. He has to go to OT every week, and he enjoys dropping toys in the fish tank. He hates getting wet, and he is constantly teased by Ryan. His favorite thing to do is go to the video store. When he does puzzles, he has to do them from left to right. When something doesn\'t go as planned, he gets very angry, and he only likes the answers \"yes\" and \"no\", and will start screaming at \"maybe\" or \"I don\'t know\".
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Kristi - Catherine\'s new next door neighbor. She is very nice at first, and she volunteers at the community center. However, when introduced to Jason, she becomes very rude. She is friends with Ryan, and she is very \"cool.\" Kristi doesn\'t like to go swimming in the pond, especially because it has mud on the bottom. Her parents are divorced, and she wants them to get back together.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Jason - A disabled boy whom Catherine befriends. He goes to David\'s OT. He is unable to walk or talk. To communicate, he points to cards inside of his speech book. His mother has to push him around in his wheelchair. Later, however, he decides to get a wheelchair that has a joystick. He plays the piano, and after Catherine buys him a guitar, he starts to play the guitar. He loves to listen to music also. He can convince Catherine to dance at the very end of the book.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Ryan - a bully. He picks on Catherine and David. When Kristi comes along, though, he starts to be nice to her, but truly, he is a very rude person. He calls David a retard, and he gives David an empty gum wrapper, knowing it will make him very mad and sad. He lets some kids stay in his house when they wait for the bus, but he leaves out Catherine and David.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Catherine\'s mom - A homemaker. She cares a lot about David and Catherine. She is also good at a lot of things like cooking, helping, and working. She works at home, most of the time just calling her clients. She tries to make David talk, but she hates it when he uses words from someone else.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Catherine\'s dad - A pharmacist. He works at a pharmacy, and he tries to work overtime to earn more money. He takes David to the video store a lot. He is always late, which makes David mad. He really likes to garden.
| 607 |
Rules (novel)
| 1 |
10,070,413 |
# Rules (novel)
## Themes
1\. People have good intentions to live by the rules they are given, but no matter how dedicated they are, some rules might be broken for reasons good or bad.
2\. There are flaws in all of us -- not just those with special needs.
3\. We all try to do the best we can to fit in, but things don\'t always end up the way we intend.
4\. Always stick with family no matter what.
5\. Even the best of us can\'t stick to their own rules.
## Inspiration
Lord has two children, a son, and a daughter, and was inspired by them while writing *Rules*. She states that the character of David is loosely based on her son who has autism, while the character of Catherine is a mixture of herself and her daughter, who loves to draw. Most of the characters and incidents come from a very personal place in Lord\'s life, including the character of Jason, who was very loosely inspired by an experience she had as a kid while watching a child in a wheelchair communicating with his mother.
The Q&A following the end of the book welcomes the reader with these words when asked where the idea for *Rules* came from: \"I have two children, a daughter, and a son, and my son has autism. One day when my daughter was about ten years old, she asked me, \"Mom, how come I never see families like mine in books and on TV?\" I didn\'t know how to answer her, so I went looking for children\'s books that included characters with severe special needs. I did find some, but most of the books I read seemed very sad to me. Sadness is part of living with someone with a severe disability, but it\'s only one part. It can also be funny, inspiring, heartwarming, disappointing, frustrating---everything that it is to love *anyone* and to live in any family
| 327 |
Rules (novel)
| 2 |
10,070,418 |
# URBO: The Adventures of Pax Afrika
***URBO: The Adventures of Pax Afrika*** is a South African science fiction animated television series created by the animation department of Octagon CSI, which later became Clockwork Zoo. It started airing in October 2006, and ran until November 2009. It chronicles the adventures of a gang of teenagers who live in a futuristic Cape Town, renamed iKapa City, the last known city on the planet, as they fight the evil industrialist overlord Maximilian Malice.
Pax Afrika, the son of the missing explorer Zingela Afrika, discovers that he has ancestral powers that allow him to see flashes of the future. Together with his friends, emo mechanic T-Man, hacker girl Keitu, and Una, Malice\'s rebellious daughter, Pax plans to find his father and save the city from Malice Industries. But his fate is also tied to the mysterious, hidden city of URBO - an environmental El Dorado located somewhere in the ruins of Africa.
The show\'s head writer was science fiction novelist Lauren Beukes.
SABC3 began airing the first 52-part series on 28 October 2006.
## Heroes
- Pax Afrika - A rebellious teenager who discovers that he has been granted magical powers by his ancestors. They include the power to control light and the weather, the ability to see the future, and lightning-fast reflexes.
- T-Man - Pax\'s best friend, an emo mechanic. He is an incredible coward with a dry wit.
- Keitu Anderson - A genius hacker girl with an inexplicable crush on T-Man.
- Una Malice - Maximilian Malice\'s rebellious daughter, who has been spoiled, but is a skilled hover-biker who can hold her own against Pax.
- Teeter - Pax\'s mischievous little sister, who has an X-ray eye and is obsessed with the TV show \"Frothy The Bear\".
## Villains
- Maximilian Malice - A former vacuum-cleaner salesman who stumbled upon the technology that made him the richest, most powerful person in the city.
- Clemence 2-X4b - Malice\'s bumbling side-kick and robotics expert. He was abandoned in a factory full of robot arms and raised as one of their own, and now finds it hard to deal with real people.
- Tumi Nyoka - Pax\'s nemesis, a psychopathic bully who quickly became head of Malice\'s army.
- Senyaka - One of Pax\'s ancestors, who grants Pax the power of mind control and manipulation. He is shunned by Pax\'s other ancestors in the spirit realm.
- The Happiness Enforcers - Malice\'s robot army. Most of them are addicted to the robot soap-opera *The Newly Manufactured And The Restless*
## Other Recurring Characters {#other_recurring_characters}
- Frothy the Bear - A children\'s TV entertainer, reminiscent of Barney the Dinosaur. He teaches children the importance of buying products from the Malice Corporation.
- Mushu - Pax\'s mentor, who teaches him how to use his magical powers.
- Ma Afrika - Pax and Teeter\'s long-suffering mother.
- House - The home-management AI, MaliceSoft House 4.01 Beta. A bossy computer program that looks after Pax\'s house.
- Zakes Turbo - An egocentric, half-witted hoverbike champion with the best hair in the city.
- Chatta Kumalo - A vain, ultra-fashionable bionic reporter with a unicycle wheel instead of legs.
- Leon and Deon - T-Man\'s interchangeable twin brothers, who are mechanics.
- Stacy - Keitu\'s fashion-crazed sister
| 551 |
URBO: The Adventures of Pax Afrika
| 0 |
10,070,435 |
# Sebastian (album)
***Sebastian*** (2006) is the first album by the Swedish pop/rock singer Sebastian Karlsson, including the first single and four weeks at No. 1 hit, \"Do What You\'re Told\". The album was released on March 1, debuting at No. 1 in Sweden, and not falling until a few weeks thereafter. More than 30,000 copies of the album have been sold, certificating gold the album.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. Indifferent
2. Bring Me Some Water
3. Do What You\'re Told
4. Life On Mars
5. Birthmarks
6. This House Is Not For Sale (Ryan Adams)
7. Stay Real
8. Start Me Up
9. Human
10. Diamond
## Singles from the album {#singles_from_the_album}
- \"Do What You\'re Told\" - released February 1, 2006 (No. 1 for 4 weeks)
- \"Indifferent\" - released April 26, 2006 (No
| 137 |
Sebastian (album)
| 0 |
10,070,471 |
# Michael Schofield (water polo)
**Michael Schofield** was the head coach for the water polo team of the United States Naval Academy from 1985 to 2013.
A graduate of the University of Pittsburgh, Schofield was captain of that school\'s water polo team. He joined the staff of the Naval Academy in 1982, and was promoted to the head coach\'s position in 1985. Under his direction, the team has won the CWPA\'s Eastern Division championship six times, and played in the NCAA tournament eleven times. He was named National Coach of the Year in 2004. He retired from coaching in the fall of 2013.
In 2001, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame
| 116 |
Michael Schofield (water polo)
| 0 |
10,070,496 |
# Los Anormales
***Los Anormales*** (*The Abnormals*) is a compilation album released in December 21, 2004, by reggaeton artist **Hector \"El Bambino\"**, latter known as **Héctor el Father.** It was his first album released as solo artist and to be produced and marketed by his own label Gold Star Music.
Los Anormales was produced by the hottest reggaeton producers at the time including Luny Tunes, Nely El Alma Secreta, Naldo, Monserrate & Dj Urba, Nesty La Mente Maestra and executive produced by Hector el Father. The album features the most important reggaeton artists at the time such as Daddy Yankee, Don Omar, Trebol Clan, Divino, Zion and launch to the mainstream the musical career of the duo Alexis & Fido.
Los Anormales broke all record sales in Puerto Rico selling over 130,000 copies were sold in just two days. According to Hector el Father former manager the album sold more than half million of copies. To promote the album, the artist embark on Los Anormales tour visiting United States and Latin America. A DVD package was released on May 24, 2005.
## Background
During the 1990s and Earlys 2000s, Hector el Father was part of Hector & Tito, a popular reggaeton duo that broke several records. In 2002, become the first reggaeton act to sold out a massive concert at the Coliseo Roberto Clemente. Later that year, they next studio album *A La Reconquista* become the first reggaeton album to debut at the Top 10 of US Billboard Top Latin Albums and eventually it sold 200,000 becoming the first reggaeton album to sold that much. In 2003, the album won *Latin Rap Album of the Year* at the 2003 Latin *Billboard* Music Awards becoming the first reggaeton act of won a Billboard Award.
Following this success, the duo released La Historia *Live* which become the first reggaeton album to be certified multi-platinum (latin) by RIAA for selling 200,000 copies. Shortly that, the duo toured South America performing at music festivals at huge venues and stadium incluind Colombia and Venezuela. Despite the success, the duo decided to split on Summer of 2003 due to creative differences, However continued doing presetantion together til August 2004, visiting Mexico, Peru, Honduras, Spain and Guatemala.
Following their split, Hector founded his own label Gold Star Music with the distribution by Universal Latin Music Group and started working on his own solo work and to sign and produce new reggaeton acts. Recording seasons started on early-mid 2004 at Puerto Rico. The album was considered his first solo debut. The compilation has the participation of the producers Luny Tunes, Nely El Alma Screta, Nesty La Mente Masestra, Naldo, Dj Joe, Monserrate & Dj Urba, Dj Gian and Santana. Also, it has songs performed by hot reggaeton act at the time such as Don Omar and Daddy Yankee and helped to launch to the fame reggaeton acts such as Yaviah, Trebol Clam and Alexis y Fido. It was the first musical project that Hector el Bambino appears as executive producer and at the album title.
## Commercial reception {#commercial_reception}
Los Anormales debuted at number 4 on US Billboard Top Latin Albums on the issue of the week January 8, 2005. The album broke all time sales records in Puerto Rico selling 130,000 copies in just two days. Eventually, the album sold more than 200,000 copies in the United States. According to \"El Father\" long time manager, the album sold around 500,000 copies. On March 2005, the album was certified by platinum (latin) for shipping 200,000 copies.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Intro Los Anormales\"
2. \"Noche de Terror\" (by Héctor & Tito) `{{small|(produced by [[Luny Tunes]] and [[Nely el Arma Secreta|Nely]])}}`{=mediawiki}
3. \"Salvaje\" (by Don Omar) `{{small|(produced by [[Luny Tunes]] & Nely)}}`{=mediawiki}
4. \"Machete\" (by Daddy Yankee) `{{small|(produced by Monserrate & DJ Urba)}}`{=mediawiki}
5. \"Agárrate\" (by Trebol Clan)
6. \"Llégale\" (by Divino) `{{small|(produced by [[Luny Tunes]], Nely)}}`{=mediawiki}
7. \"Mirándonos\" (by Zion and Héctor el Father) `{{small|(produced by Nely, [[Naldo (producer)|Naldo]])}}`{=mediawiki}
8. \"La Cuatrera\" (by Jomar)
9. \"Gata Michu Michu\" (by Alexis & Fido) `{{small|(produced by [[Luny Tunes]], [[Naldo (producer)|Naldo]], [[Nesty (producer)|Nesty]])}}`{=mediawiki}
10. \"Vamos Pa\' La Calle\"
11. \"Malvada\" (by Algarete & Jomar) `{{small|(produced by [[Luny Tunes]], Nely, [[Naldo (producer)|Naldo]])}}`{=mediawiki}
12. \"Yo Sigo Aquí\" (by Héctor el Father and Naldo) `{{small|(produced by [[Naldo (producer)|Naldo]], Nely, Santana)}}`{=mediawiki}
13. \"Contacto\" (by Yaviah)
14. \"Tú y Yo\" (by Trebol Clan)
15. \"Vámonos\" (by Angel Doze)
16. \"Pasan Los Días\" (by Angel & Khriz) `{{small|(produced by DJ Giann, Santana)}}`{=mediawiki}
17
| 747 |
Los Anormales
| 0 |
10,070,497 |
# Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford
**Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford** (1423--1453) was a late medieval Scottish nobleman, and a magnate of the north-east of that country.
## Life
Alexander Lindsay was the son of David Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Crawford and Marjory Ogilvie, the daughter of Sir Alexander Ogilvie of Auchterhouse.
Known as **the Tiger Earl** or **Earl Beardie**, Crawford was one of the most powerful of the Scottish nobles. For some time he was in arms against King James II as part of the Douglas rebellion. In February 1452, William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas was personally killed at Stirling Castle by James II for refusing to dissolve his league with Alexander. The Tiger Earl was defeated at the Battle of Brechin on 18 May, and he submitted to James II in 1452.
J. B. Burke imagined the colourful scene of the earl\'s submission, thus:
> The decree of forfeiture, both as to life and lands, which had been passed before, was now renewed and, after having gallantly struggled for a long time against all odds---even after the total defeat and submission of his ally Douglas---he found himself compelled, for the sake of his house and followers, to sue for mercy. In this last extremity it is that all the better parts of his character stand out in full relief; there is neither fear, nor meanness, nor self seeking in his frank and manly prayers for mercy: but, mingled with the courage that we might reasonably look for, is a tenderness for others that we certainly did not expect to find in such a character. For himself, as he boldly tells the king, he was willing to underlie any fate, \"either to be hangit \[hanged\], to be riven with wild beasts, to be drowned, or cassen \[cast\] over ane craig;" it was not even the sufferings of his dear wife, nor the weeping of his bairns \[children\], nor the lamentable sobbings of his friends that moved him, so much \"as the decay and falling of our House, and lamentable chance and fortune of the noblemen of Angus, with the rest of my adherents, whose lives, lands, and guids \[goods\] stands in danger for my cause and surname of Lindsay. Have compassion on the noblemen, men that concordit to my faction, that they, at the least, be not spoilzied (spoiled) of their lives and heritages for my offence\".
The king granted Lindsay clemency, but when he had been angry with the earl, he had sworn he would make the highest stone on Finavon Castle become the lowest. Therefore, to keep his oath while yet remaining true to his grant of clemency, the king climbed to the top of the castle and threw one of the loose stones on the battlements down to the ground below. J. B. Burke recorded that two hundred years later it could still be seen where it had fallen \"secured to the spot with a strong chain of iron\".
Legend has it that he is the infamous \"Earl Beardie\" featured in one of the myths of Glamis Castle
| 515 |
Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford
| 0 |
10,070,553 |
# Morisada Matsudaira
was a Japanese banker who was active in historical preservation. He was the grandson of Matsudaira Katamori, and spent a fair amount of time in Aizu. After graduating from university, he worked for the Norinchukin Bank for 29 years. Morisada was approached by the Imperial Household Agency in the late 1980s, with a request to serve as an official at the mourning ceremony for Emperor Hirohito; simultaneously, they expressed a desire to install him as chief priest of Yasukuni Shrine. Morisada declined the Yasukuni appointment, as the shrine was built to enshrine the soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army who died in the Boshin War and exclude those who fought against them, including men of the Aizu, Sendai, Nihonmatsu, and Morioka domains.
Morisada had one son, Morihisa Matsudaira
| 131 |
Morisada Matsudaira
| 0 |
10,070,570 |
# German Apples Front
The **German Apples Front** (German: *Front Deutscher Äpfel*, FDA), also called the **Apple Front** (German: *Apfelfront*) is a satirical organisation, founded in Leipzig in 2004. It satirizes right extremist parties, especially the Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD). In the style of former and existing right extremist organisational structures it is subdivided into numerous sub-groups like the youth organisation *Nationales Frischobst Deutschland* (NFD; *National Fresh Fruit of Germany*), the women\'s organisation *Bund weicher Birnen* (B.W.B.; *League of Soft Pears*, compare League of German Girls; Birne, *pear*, is a German colloquial term for head, \"eine weiche Birne haben\" (\"to have a soft pear\"), is synonymous to \"being very stupid\"), and many further local *Gaue* (a term used by the Nazi Party).
## Platform
The Apple Front argues in favour of political requirements for purification of the German fruit crop. The organisation describes itself as *\"Nationale Initiative gegen die Überfremdung des deutschen Obstbestandes und gegen faul herumlungerndes Fallobst\"* - translated *\"National initiative against the overforeignization of German fruit crop and against lazy/rotten mooching fallen fruit\"* (*faul* means both *lazy* and *rotten*).
The key demands of the organisation are:
1. Termination of the overforeignisation of German fruit by engrafting of foreign species.
2. Closing the borders against tropical fruits (*\"Grenzen dicht für Fremdobst!\"* - English \"Close the borders against foreign fruit!\").
3. Elimination of lazy/rotten (compare *faul* above) windfall (*\"Macht Fallobst zu Mus!\"* - English \"Make windfall to mush!\").
The Apfelfront tries to use overly Germanized terminology in press releases and statements, at public demonstrations and on their website just like original right and extreme right internet services, and mimics the public appearance of the NSDAP and modern right extremist organisations. Therefore *\"homepage\"* is called *\"Heimseite\"*, *\"webpage\"* is named *\"Weltnetzseite\"*\' and *\"bulletin board/forum\"* is turned into *\"Brett\"* (all three English terms are common in current German usage; the translated/transformed German terms are commonly perceived as xenophobic or at least ridiculous in context of information technology).
Particular terms, slogans and rhetorical devices used by the NPD and especially by Holger Apfel, their chairperson in the Landtag of Saxony, such as *\"Grenzen dicht!\"* (*\"Close the borders!\"*) are picked up by the Apple Front and get used overly explicitly but are changed in their political message to orcharding and fruit utilization in order to make the original political statements and their representatives appear ridiculous.
## History and activities {#history_and_activities}
The *Front Deutscher Äpfel* was founded shortly after the Saxon election of 19 September 2004. The group, and Alf Thum, its founder, considers itself not as leftist but as non-right. They consider themselves to be artists who are trying to break away from the demonstration-counterdemonstration ritual.
The Front\'s youth organisation (most German political parties have active youth organisations) is called \"Nationales Frischobst Deutschlands\" (\"National Fresh Fruit of Germany\"). The \"Bund weicher Birnen\" (\"League of Soft Pears/Heads\") is affiliated with them in their *national struggle*.
Since its founding, the Apfelfront has attended all larger NPD and neo-nazi marches/parades, especially in Eastern Germany. They have also got involved with *Berlin 05* Youth Politics Festival, sponsored by the German federal government
| 513 |
German Apples Front
| 0 |
10,070,596 |
# Pueblo Historical Aircraft Society
The **Pueblo Historical Aircraft Society** (**PHAS**), Pueblo, Colorado hosts a large collection of military aircraft in Colorado, United States through the operation of the Weisbrod Museum and the International B-24 Memorial Museum, together as the Pueblo Weisbrod Aircraft Museum.
The Society is a volunteer group of ex-military and civilian personnel who manage and operate the aircraft display as well as repairing and restoring the aircraft. The Society is open to all who wish to help preserve the aviation history in Pueblo County and Pueblo, Colorado
| 90 |
Pueblo Historical Aircraft Society
| 0 |
10,070,605 |
# Richard Arnowitt
**Richard Lewis Arnowitt** (May 3, 1928 -- June 12, 2014) was an American physicist known for his contributions to theoretical particle physics and to general relativity.
Arnowitt was a Distinguished Professor (Emeritus) at Texas A&M University, where he was a member of the Department of Physics.
His research interests were centered on supersymmetry and supergravity, from phenomenology (namely how to find evidence for supersymmetry at current and planned particle accelerators or in the guise of dark matter) to more theoretical questions of string and M theory.
In the context of general relativity, he was best known for his development (with Stanley Deser and Charles Misner) of the ADM formalism, roughly speaking a way of describing spacetime as space evolving in time, which allows a recasting of Einstein\'s theory in terms of a more general formalism used in physics to describe dynamical systems, namely the Hamiltonian formalism. In the framework of that formalism, there is also a straightforward way to globally define quantities like energy or, equivalently, mass (so-called ADM mass/energy) which, in general relativity, is not trivial at all.
Arnowitt was also known for his work (with Ali Chamseddine and Pran Nath) which developed the theory of supergravity grand unification (with gravity mediated breaking). This work allowed for the unification of the three forces of microscopic physics at a very high mass scale (a result subsequently indirectly verified at the CERN LEP accelerator). The simplest version, called mSUGRA, is now commonly used to search for new physics at high energy accelerators. In addition, Arnowitt\'s work (with Marvin Girardeau) on many body theory of liquid Helium has stimulated many applications in that field
| 275 |
Richard Arnowitt
| 0 |
10,070,625 |
# Godfrey Sapula
**Godfrey Zolile Sapula** (born 7 November 1973) is a former South African soccer player and coach is the current coach of the SAFA Women\'s League side Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies.
He played for Premier Soccer League clubs Jomo Cosmos, Orlando Pirates, Mamelodi Sundowns and Platinum Stars, Chilean club Colo-Colo, Turkish club Ankaragücü and the South African national team
| 60 |
Godfrey Sapula
| 0 |
10,070,692 |
# Canadian Vickers Vancouver
The **Canadian Vickers Vancouver** was a Canadian transport/patrol flying boat of the 1930s built by Canadian Vickers.
It was a twin-engine, equal-span biplane. The hull was of metal and the rest of the structure of fabric-covered wood.
## Development
The **Vancouver** was developed as a replacement for the Varuna in response to a Royal Canadian Air Force requirement for a flying boat to transport men and equipment to forest fires. The main difference from the **Varuna** was a duralumin hull and more powerful engines. The two flight crew were located in two tandem open cockpits, forward of the wing. The main cabin could accommodate a firefighting team of six men and all the required equipment. Five aircraft were delivered to the Royal Canadian Air Force, one was later converted into a coastal patrol aircraft.
## Operational history {#operational_history}
In the mid-1930s, the Vancouvers were modified as coastal patrol aircraft by the installation of machine guns and bombs.
After the outbreak of the Second World War, Vancouvers served with 4 Squadron, RCAF at Jericho Beach Air Station until withdrawn from service in 1940. After a brief period of service in training duties, they were finally withdrawn and struck off in 1940.
None of the aircraft saw service after 1940, one private offer to acquire was denied.
## Variants
*Data from:*Canadian Aircraft since 1909
- **Vancouver I** -- prototype with Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IV engines, one built.
- **Vancouver IA** -- designation of prototype after installation of Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IVC engines.
- **Vancouver II** -- production transport version with Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IVC (three aircraft) or Wright J-6 Whirlwind (two aircraft) engines, five built.
- **Vancouver IIS/S** -- conversion of three Lynx-powered Vancouver IIs to \"service standard\" with three Lewis gun cockpits for coastal patrol, powered by Armstrong Siddeley Serval IV engines.
- **Vancouver IIS/W** -- \"service standard\" conversion of two Wright J-6 Whirlwind powered Vancouver IIs.
## Operator
`{{flag|Canada|1921}}`{=mediawiki}: Royal Canadian Air Force
- - No
| 330 |
Canadian Vickers Vancouver
| 0 |
10,070,693 |
# Gutalagen
**Gutalagen** (or **Guta lag**; \"The law of the Gotlanders\") is the earliest preserved law book for Gotland. The laws were likely first written down around 1220 CE but there is evidence for the laws being older than this, with some aspects likely being pre-Christian. They were practically in use until 1645 despite control of Gotland changing hands several times throughout this period between Sweden, Denmark and the Teutonic Order.
The laws cover a broad range of topics, including banning Old Nordic religion and enforcing adherence to Christianity, along with describing fines for different levels of assault and conditions by which domesticated animals can be returned to their sellers. It typically assigns fines as punishments, with amounts varying depending on the wealth and slave-status of those involved.
Guta saga is included as an appendix to the laws in manuscripts such as the Old Gutnish Holm B 64. As the extant body of Old Gutnish is limited, *Gutalagen* forms a significant part of it, making it of high linguistic importance.
## Law in Gotland {#law_in_gotland}
It is unclear when Gotland first became under Swedish control, as while Wulfstan describes this as being the case in the 9th century, it has been argued that it was still independent in the 10th century. By the 12th century, the island was at least partly dominated by Sweden. At the time of Gutalagen\'s compilation, Gotland was mostly independent from Sweden and had its own administrative and legal system. Gotland retained a regional law code separate from that of Sweden until 1645, when it came under direct Swedish rule. And exception to the wider Gotland law was the *Visby stadslag* \"Visby\'s town law\" which was established in Visby, which had a significant German population, after a civil war in 1288.
Control of Gotland shifted throughout the 14th-16th centuries, with it variously falling under the control of Denmark, the Teutonic Order and Sweden. After Valdemar IV\'s invasion in 1361, Denmark was substituted for Sweden in legal terms and Gotland\'s traditional independence was maintained. Magnus Eriksson created a national law for Sweden (*\[\[Magnus Erikssons landslag\]\]*) in the mid-14th century to replace provincial laws, however its implementation across Sweden was gradual. ''Gutalagen'' remained effectively in force until 1645 when Sweden took control of Gotland from Denmark despite attempts by Christian IV of Denmark to apply the Skåne law in Gotland beginning in 1595.
## Origin and role {#origin_and_role}
The earliest preserved provincial laws of the kingdom of Sweden date to after its Christianisation, however parts likely had origins while the traditional religion was still dominant. It has been suggested that the first ''Gutalagen'' manuscript was written at the instigation of Archbishop Andreas Suneson of Lund, based on his visit to the island in 1207. It was likely written down in Gotland, given that versions exist written in Gutnish. It further opens with \"in our law\" (*i lagum orum*), suggesting the writer was a Gotlander.
It has been argued that the text is partly theoretical and represents an ideal rather than a practical framework. This is supported by large weregilds demanded, which could not have been afforded by those that weren\'t wealthy landowners. It has further been debated whether ''Gutalagen'' is either a *rättsbok* (\"justice book\"), a record of the laws in force at a particular time to help law speakers remember the laws, or a *lagbok* (\"statute book\"), a collection of systematic, normalised law codes that were directly incorporated into the legal process.
## Manuscripts
The ''Gutalagen'' was likely written down as a single original manuscript around 1220 CE and has been preserved in eight manuscripts. Two of the medieval manuscripts are written in Old Gutnish, one made of vellum kept in Kungliga biblioteket (Holm B 64) and one of paper in the Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection (AM 54, `{{not a typo|4<sup>to</sup>}}`{=mediawiki}). Holm B 64 also contains *Guta saga* in Old Gutnish. There is also a vellum manuscript written in a mixture of Middle High German and Middle Low German, two Danish paper versions, a manuscript with later Danish provisions and two 18th century paper manuscripts in Gutnish. Four more manuscripts survive which only include the law\'s historical appendix Guta saga. Holm B 64 is notable, being the oldest surviving manuscript written in Old Gutnish and as it shows less external linguistic influence than AM 54, `{{not a typo|4<sup>to</sup>}}`{=mediawiki}. Beyond these two manuscripts, Old Gutnish is attested only in some runic inscriptions and runic calendars. ''Gutalagen'' therefore is an important linguistic source.
| 743 |
Gutalagen
| 0 |
10,070,693 |
# Gutalagen
## Contents
The versions that survive show evidence of revisions. The text further is organised chapters, however these do not cover the whole legal process. Furthermore, unlike the mainland provincial Swedish laws, ''Gutalagen'' has no reference to the king, including no no pledge of kingly involvement in local law. It also doesn\'t reference Sweden at all, although it has been argued that inhabitants of Gotland that weren\'t Gotlanders (*ogutniskt fulk*) were likely Swedish There is also no mention of trade or maritime law
The laws begin by stating that the community should reject heathendom, accept Christianity and believe in one almighty God. This section closely resembles that in the Norwegian older law of Gulaþing, with both saying that we should pray for good harvest and peace (*\[\[ar oc friþ\]\]* in *Gutalagen*). The law requires adherence to Christianity, such as in the paying of tithes and attendance at church on Sundays. It also makes the Old Nordic religion illegal, including forbidding practices such as the performing of blót, and praying to, or at, groves, howes, heathen gods, vé and *stafgarþar*. The meaning of *stafgarþar* is debated, with translations including \"fenced-off areas\" and the literal \"staved-yard\". The term likely refers to either religious spaces enclosed by palisades or featuring one of more staves. These may have been arranged so as to direct attention towards the middle of the structure. This has been compared to the Old English *\[\[frið-geardas\]\]*, fenced off areas containing a stone, tree or spring which were made illegal in *Norðhymbra preosta lagu*. Furthermore, archaeological evidence for areas marked off by stones or fences exists in Scandinavia dating throughout the Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages and has been proposed to have formed a holy space. Possible *stafgarþar* have been identified in Gotland that cluster in the middle of the island, particularly where roads meet or at þing sites.
Other subjects covered by the law include acts such as manslaughter, assault and adultery. It also covers disputes over woodlands, responsibilities for wells and the conditions by which one may return domestic animals that have been bought. It further prescribes fines regarding family matters such as weddings, funerals and inheritance.
*Guta saga* is found at the end of some ''Gutalagen'' manuscripts, including Holm B 64. It is not clear when they were first arranged this way. Some topics are covered by both texts, such as arrangements relating to visitations of bishops to Gotland. Furthermore, *Guta saga* paraphrases ''Gutalagen'', describing how the heathen Gotlanders used to follow the same customs that the law code lists as punishable offences.
| 427 |
Gutalagen
| 1 |
10,070,693 |
# Gutalagen
## Punishments
Fines for committing crimes is complex and may be contradictory in some sections. Unlike in the other Swedish provincial law codes, there is little detail for non-fine punishments. These included excommunication, outlawry, slavery, branding and hanging, and were given in cases such as theft, adultery and misuse of property. Theft and adultery are punished more strongly than killing, likely because they break down trust in the community. Excommunication could be imposed for damaging monastic property and for violence during church festivals before the fine has been paid. Outlawry was given if fines for killing were not paid in time. Gotlander status could also be taken away, such as if one illegally sold their land, while if one misappropriated land worth three marks in rent, a man would be killed and his wife would lose her pew in church. Property and animals could also be confiscated for crimes such as working in someone else\'s woodland.
The laws specify that if one is obliged to pay a fine for someone else, they do not have to pay more than they can afford. Furthermore, one was only responsible for their own share of the inherited fee. When slaves committed crimes, as they could not pay the fine, the owner was first expected to cover the cost. If this was not possible, the slave\'s length of bondage could be extended or they could be killed. The slave could also be offered as wergild for a killing. If a slave raped a Gotland woman, she could choose either to receive compensation, or for the slave to be killed. What would now be seen as sexual harassment against women is punished, although the women were held partly responsible for protecting themselves, resulting in punishments that lessen as the severity increases. This is distinguished from male sexual assaults on women, where the men are punished according to the degree of severity. There are no similar provisions in the Swedish provincial laws
| 328 |
Gutalagen
| 2 |
10,070,701 |
# Amru Sani
**Amru Sani** (16 August 1925 -- 15 August 2000) was a singer and actress who experienced short-lived fame in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s.
## Background
A \"tall, exotic creature with a powerful, bluesy voice\", she identified herself during her American heyday as hailing from India, but earlier newspaper references identified her as Jamaican. A 1954 edition of the Kingston, Jamaica, *The Gleaner* called her a \"Jamaican \'enchantress of song.{{\'\"}}
Sani once claimed to have been born in Panama, to have grown up in India, to have been educated in Europe, and to have served as an airplane mechanic in England during World War II because she was too young to become a female pilot. Whether some of this information is merely show-business hype is unknown. However, the Kingston *Gleaner* did note in 1943 that Sani -- who was already known in Jamaica as a singer -- was \"going to England shortly \... to join the W.A.A.F.S.\" (This article also listed her as \"the only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. M. P. Sani of 10, Lundford Road, St. Andrew\", Jamaica.)
Sani once named Dinah Shore as a major influence, citing in particular as a favorite tune Shore\'s \"Mad About Him, Sad About Him, How Can I Be Glad Without Him Blues\". She sang in four languages: English, French, Italian, and Spanish.
## Musical career {#musical_career}
In 1942 she appeared with the highly popular Milton McPherson dance band of Jamaica at the Carib Theatre in Cross Roads, St. Andrew. In 1947 she appeared at the Morgan\'s Cove nightclub in Kingston, Jamaica, where she starred in a show called *Romantic Midnite Mood*. Around 1950 she appeared at the Sherry Netherland Hotel in New York City, and shortly thereafter went to Rome, where she appeared in a French musical revue. That French musical review may have been *Plain Feu*, in which she co-starred with Maurice Chevalier. Between 1956 and 1958 she made several appearances on *The Ed Sullivan Show*, including the episode on which Elvis Presley made his first Sullivan appearance.
Backed by Enoch Light and his orchestra, she recorded a 45 RPM single in 1956 for the Grand Award record label, containing the tracks \"I\'m in the Mood for Love\" and \"Tabasco\" -- the latter of which was used by McIlhenny Company to promote its Tabasco brand pepper sauce. *Time* magazine reviewed the former track in July 1956, observing: \"Sani begins this oldie with a series of racking, echoing groans, but then picks up a twinkle of humor that makes everything all right.\" She also recorded \"Once Upon A Winter Time\" for Parlophone Records, and \"Souvenir D\'Italia\" for a European label.
## On Broadway {#on_broadway}
Between June and December 1956 she appeared in the Broadway musical revue *New Faces of 1956*. The Broadway producer of *New Faces*, Leonard Sillman, claimed to have discovered Sani in a restaurant. \"She was so chic looking and beautiful\", Sillman recalled, \"I called the restaurant owner over and told him, \'If she sings, I\'ll sign her for a show.{{\'\"}} One of Sani\'s performances from this Broadway show appears on the LP *New Faces of 1956*, which was issued by RCA Records that same year. RCA also released a single of Sani\'s \"Hurry\" from the *New Faces* performances.
## Acting career {#acting_career}
As an actress, Sani appeared in the early Spaghetti Western *Maracatumba \... ma non è una rumba* (Italy, 1949), *The Naked Maja* (1958), and John Huston\'s *The Bible: In the Beginning* (1966)
| 582 |
Amru Sani
| 0 |
10,070,715 |
# Lisandro Otero
**Lisandro Otero González** (June 4, 1932 -- January 3, 2008) was a Cuban novelist and journalist.
## Background
Born in Havana, Cuba, Otero won Cuba\'s National Prize in Literature in 2002 and was the director of Cuban Academy of Language from October 2004 until his death. He also was a member of The Royal Academy of Spanish Language and the North American Academy of the Spanish Language. Graduating with degrees of Journalism and Philosophy and Letters in 1954 at the Havana University, he also studied at The Sorbonne in Paris. (1954--1956).
Major publications of the country such as *Revolución*, *Cuba Magazine* and *Revolución y Cultura* have been directed by him. He has written for publications such as *Bohemia*, *Carteles*, *Granma*, *Juventud Rebelde*, *El Mundo*, *Casa de las Américas*, *Unión*, *La Gaceta de Cuba de Cuba*, *Le Monde Diplomatique*, *Partisans*, *Europe*, *The Washington Post* and *Excelsior*.
Otero won the Novel Prize in Casa de las Américas Contest in 1963 with *La situación (The Situation)*. In 1965, he won an award at the Biblioteca Breve from Seix Parral Editorial Awards in Barcelona for his novel *Pasión de Urbino (Urbino\'s Passion)* and received the Literary Critics Prize for *Temporadas de Angeles (Angel\'s Season)* (1983).
He undertook diplomatic activities as cultural counselor in the Cuban embassies of Chile, Great Britain and Soviet Union. He penned the script for the musical comedy *El Solar*, which has been made into a movie and a ballet. His works have been translated into many languages.
In the early 1990s Otero voiced his opinion of his native Cuba thus: \"In the early 1980s I was in the diplomatic corps in the Soviet Union. The situation was dreadful \-- long lines, shabby housing, no bread, little food. \'Yes,\' they\'d acknowledge. \'But we have the Bolshoi Ballet, the best in the world!\' Well, now \--\'Yes, but we have the best amateur baseball team in the world!\'\"
Otero has received the National Prize of Journalism in Cuba, the Félix Elmuza Order, the Medal for Fighter of Clandestine Struggle, the Commemorative Medal for the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Cuban Armed Forces and the Alejo Carpentier Medal. He also received the National Order of Excellence conferred by the French government and the National Prize of Journalism bestowed by the Journalists Club of Mexico.
## Selected works {#selected_works}
- 1955: *Tabaco para un Jueves Santo y otros cuentos cubanos (Tobacco for a Blessed Thursday and other Cuban Tales)*, Paris, Cuba: Z.D.A., Havana, 1960.
- 1963: *La situación (The Situation)* Havana, 1963; Santiago de Chile, 1967; Havana, 1975.
- 1966: *Pasión de Urbino (Urbino\'s Passion)*, Buenos Aires, 1966; Havana, 1967.
- 1970: *En busca de Viet Nam (Finding Vietnam)* (essays), Havana
- 1970: *En ciudad semejante* (novel), Havana, 1970.
- 1983: *Temporada de Angeles (Angels Season)*, Havana, 1983, Bolero, 1984
| 467 |
Lisandro Otero
| 0 |
10,070,739 |
# Odanadi Seva Trust
**Odanadi Seva Samsthe** (**Odanadi Seva Trust**) is a social, non-governmental organisation based in Mysore, which has been working for the rescue, rehabilitation, reintegration and empowerment of trafficked and sexually exploited women and children. Established in 1984 by K.V. Stanley and M.L. Parashuram and registered officially in 1993, their rescue operations cover South India. The rehabilitation center is set up in Mysore in Karnataka.
Stanly and Parashu, as they are known popularly, were government officials and district coordinators of the Total Literacy Project, who, while interacting with villagers in the Mysore district, came across women who were ignored and shunned because they were sex workers. This led them to give up their jobs and start the Odanadi Seva Samasthe.
## Activities
Since its establishment, Odanadi Seva Samasthe has organised and undertaken over a dozen rescue-operations, propelled by the active involvement of sex workers. More than 400 girls in and around the state of Karnataka have been rescued, and the perpetrators of this traffic have been brought to book. The Trust currently houses 75 rescued children, with the intention of protecting them from the clutches of the sex-trade. They have also been successful in having (over 22) women, that were once part of the trade, marry and settle.
The goals of the program include providing shelter, food, education, vocational training, health care and counseling for its residents and creating awareness and influencing policy making related to anti-trafficking. The founders and their team also have awareness programs designed solely to eradicate the stigma associated with women of the flesh trade. The trust conducts several activities oriented towards shoring up its residents 'moral' infrastructure including cultural capsules, meditation, recreation, group activities and training.
The activities of Odanadi Seva Samasthe have been recognised by the state and the central governments. The Government of Karnataka has allotted two plots of land in Mysore for the rehabilitation of women and children in prostitution. Other state governments (Maharashtra, Delhi, West Bengal) have been sending rescued girls to Odanadi, to facilitate their rehabilitation. Odanadi has consistently received support from NGO\'s and not-for-profit organisations like AID (Association for India\'s Development), Asha for Education and Pratham. Asha for Education runs a program titled \'Support a Child\' where donors choose to support a child, get to track the progress of that child and interact via letters. The program has received ample support for the children of Odanadi and continues to have the residents participation. The trust has participated in promoting rural education and social awareness in Kodagu District on tie up with sandeepany vidya peeta, somwarpet
| 428 |
Odanadi Seva Trust
| 0 |
10,070,748 |
# PhotoCON
is a Japanese photography magazine that emphasizes the participation of and contests for its readers. Its title alludes to \"photo contest\".
The magazine has a complex history. *Photo Contest* (`{{nihongo2|フォトコンテスト}}`{=mediawiki}, *Foto Kontesuto*) was a monthly magazine whose first issue was dated September 1956. This turned into the much more ambitious and very different *Camera Age* (`{{nihongo2|カメラ時代}}`{=mediawiki}, *Kamera Jidai*), a monthly magazine that ran from January 1966 till January 1967. The earlier magazine returned as the twice-monthly *Junkan Foto Kontesuto* (`{{nihongo2|旬刊フォトコンテスト}}`{=mediawiki}) from May 1967, from January 1968 till October 1973 *Gekkan Foto Kontesuto* (`{{nihongo2|月刊フォトコンテスト}}`{=mediawiki}) and from January 1974 until December 2007 *Japan Photo Contest Monthly* (formally `{{nihongo2|日本フォトコンテスト}}`{=mediawiki}, *Nihon Foto Kontesuto*; normally `{{nihongo2|フォトコンテスト}}`{=mediawiki}, *Foto Kontesuto*)
| 115 |
PhotoCON
| 0 |
10,070,792 |
# Sacro Monte di Crea
The **Sacro Monte di Crea** (literally \"Sacred Mountain of Crea\", although it is built on a hill rather than a mountain) is a Roman Catholic sanctuary in the *comune* of Serralunga di Crea, Piedmont, northern Italy. It is reached via a steeply ascending route which winds through a wooded natural park, whose flora was catalogued by the Casalese photographer and polymath Francesco Negri. It is one of the nine Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy, included in the UNESCO World Heritage list.
## History
Construction began in 1589 around an existing sanctuary which is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and whose creation is traditionally attributed to Saint Eusebius of Vercelli around 350 AD. Eusebius is also said to have installed the statue of the Madonna which is still venerated in the sanctuary.
The chapels dedicated to the Mysteries of the Rosary were positioned around the one-thousand-year-old Marian sanctuary on the highest of the hills of Basso Monferrato. As time passed the initial scheme of the monumental layout was altered on a number of occasions and in 1820 significant restoration work began after its partial destruction.
## The park {#the_park}
Since 1980, woods and some agricultural land surrounding the Sacro Monte have been preserved as the *Parco naturale del Sacro Monte di Crea*, whose area is 34 hectare where visitors can admire some plant species no longer widely found elsewhere
| 234 |
Sacro Monte di Crea
| 0 |
10,070,798 |
# Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono
The **Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono** (CEL, *Community of Lusophone Scouting*) is the international community of Scouting organizations in the Lusophone countries. Its members are:
- Angola: Associação de Escuteiros de Angola
- Brazil: União dos Escoteiros do Brasil
- Cape Verde: Associação dos Escuteiros de Cabo Verde
- Mozambique: Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique
- Portugal: Federação Escotista de Portugal with the Associação dos Escoteiros de Portugal and the Corpo Nacional de Escutas - Escutismo Católico Português
The *Grupo de Escuteiros Lusófonos de Macau* in Macau is affiliated to the *Corpo Nacional de Escutas*. Lusophone Scouting organizations without membership in the CEL are the União Nacional dos Escuteiros de Timor Leste in East Timor, the Corpo Nacional de Escutas da Guiné-Bissau in Guinea-Bissau and the Associação de Escuteiros de São Tomé e Príncipe in São Tomé and Príncipe.
The CEL is based on the *Carta do Escutismo Lusófono* (*Charter of Lusophone Scouting*), formulated during the 18th World Scout Jamboree in Dronten, Netherlands on August 6, 1995. The original signatory organizations were the *Corpo Nacional de Escutas - Escutismo Católico Português*, the *União dos Escoteiros do Brasil*, the *Corpo Nacional de Escutas da Guiné-Bissau* and the *Associação de Escuteiros de São Tomé e Príncipe*.
Main aims of the CEL are the cooperation between its members, the admission of non-recognised Lusophone Scouting organizations to World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) membership and the promotion of the Portuguese language as means of international communication.
Since 1995 the Scouting organizations of Angola, Cape Verde and Mozambique have become members of WOSM
| 263 |
Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono
| 0 |
10,070,799 |
# Sub Verse Music
**Sub Verse Music** was a record label specializing in hip hop. It existed from 1998 to 2003 and released recordings by MF Doom, Blackalicious and KMD, among others.
## History
The label was dedicated to underground, conscious hip-hop and was started by Bigg Jus, one of the founders of the underground NYC group Company Flow of Rawkus Records, Peter Lupoff, an entertainment investor, and Fiona Bloom, hip-hop publicist and then label manager of the hip-hop label 3-2-1 Records.
Sub Verse was launched in 1998 and released artists such as Blackalicious, Rubberroom, Scienz of Life, KMD, MF Doom, Micranots, C-Rayz Walz and Bigg Jus. Their records were distributed worldwide through EMI and received critical acclaim.[1](http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?id=3134&name=KMD)[2](http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?id=4229&name=MF+Doom)\[`{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r479948|pure_url=yes}}`{=mediawiki}\][3](http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2000_11F_obelisk.html)[4](https://web.archive.org/web/20060826074632/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/blackalicious/albums/album/224648/review/5940750/nia)
Though Sub Verse came very close to getting bought or invested in by MCA, with the industry in decline the label eventually ran out of money and could not put out records that would at least make the cost back. The events of 9/11 also took their toll on the morale and the financial fortunes of the NY company.[5](http://www.grooveon.com.au/content.cfm?article=3169) These factors occurred just as Sub Verse\'s music started to become more broadly accessible, with releases by MF Doom, the important release of KMD\'s *Black Bastards*, and LPs and singles by some up and coming artists such as C-Rayz Walz, BukueOne, Tariq L and DMS. Sub Verse put out its last release, a compilation called \"Seditious Jewels\", in 2003.
Sub Verse Music supported the underground hip-hop scene in NYC and to a degree, the larger cities in the US with shows in New York, regularly at The Knitting Factory for instance. The label had a separate entity, called \"Subversive Skool\", run by Fiona Bloom with Peter Lupoff, that brought underground artists from outside NYC to New York.[6](https://web.archive.org/web/20071025055920/http://www.thebloomeffect.com/bio.html) Shows were headlined by the \"star\", usually had another NYC local notable and one or two Sub Verse artists or prospects. It was sponsored by 555 Soul and Eckō Unltd., among others. The label also gave CDs, vinyl, T-shirts, other Sub Verse gear and their time and effort to support causes like hip-hop education (at the Brooklyn Museum), the Hip-Hop Film Festival, and Tolerance.org.
| 358 |
Sub Verse Music
| 0 |
10,070,799 |
# Sub Verse Music
## People
C-Rayz Walz was known as one of the top battle MCs in NY.[7](https://web.archive.org/web/20070403140920/http://www.allhiphop.com/features/?ID=1313) While label co-founder Bigg Jus had a view of a more dusty underground sound, C-Rayz was friendly with Lupoff and later with Bloom. He was a stalwart of the shows produced by Sub Verse\' Subversive Skool unit and was later the battle MC and teacher on an MTV episode of \"Made\" in which a kid strives to be a battle MC.
MF Doom turned to Sub Verse after Fondle \'Em Records closed up shop. After his meeting up with Bigg Jus in ATL, Sub Verse re-mastered and re-released his Operation: Doomsday with a new track: \"I Hear Voices (Part 1)\". A Flash video for this track won gold in the International Design Excellence Awards in 2001.[8](http://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/idea_winners/index.asp?corporate=Sub%20Verse%20Music)`{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}`{=mediawiki}`{{cbignore|bot=medic}}`{=mediawiki} Sub Verse also released the shelved *Black Bastards*, recorded for Elektra with his old group KMD.
Bigg Jus came to hip-hop through graffiti. Through his skills he became acquainted with El-P, an up-and-coming underground MC. The two lived together a while, and joined with Mr. Len to form the seminal NYC underground squad, Company Flow.
BukueOne was a graf, skateboard, and, oddly, duckpin bowling fiend. His graffiti covered whole walls in the Sub Verse office in Tribeca. Bukue set his own course always and only looked to Sub Verse to help him get around the world and back in exchange for recordings. Bukue is affiliated loosely with the Hieroglyphics crew, having grown up in Oakland and tour managed them often.
Fiona Bloom is a British, classically trained pianist who won classical music scholarships to the U.S. and fell in love with hip hop. She worked at radio stations in ATL, then for EMI, and then ran 3-2-1 Records, a fledgling hip-hop label and source of early Sub Verse recordings.[9](https://web.archive.org/web/20071025055920/http://www.thebloomeffect.com/bio.html)
Peter Lupoff is a Wall Street investor, entertainment banker and venture capitalist. But it is little known that early on, he was part of a hip-hop group with live instruments that played around NYC; their group opened for Kool Moe Dee, Slick Rick and others, and in the 90\'s Peter ghostwrote lyrics for better known artists struck with writer\'s block. He was known to labels as \"the cleaner\", for his ability to clean up botched projects, and to others as \"Stylin\' Pete Style\", for his dressy apparel.
Opuriche \"OP\" Miller is a current DJ on the scenes in NYC and South Africa. OP started out as an employee at Sub Verse, focused on marketing and processing recordings from initial recording to release. Eventually, when many left Sub Verse after 911, his music aesthetic was the direction Sub Verse wanted to go and OP was largely the A&R person in the waning years. OP is actively involved in major hip-hop releases on the distribution side to this day.
Sub Verse had many interns come through their shop in the years 1998--2003, many are now actively involved in music, management, distribution and marketing
| 497 |
Sub Verse Music
| 1 |
10,070,809 |
# Faustina Acheampong
**Faustina Acheampong** (`{{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|tʃ|æ|m|'|p|ɒ|ŋ}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|ə|CHAM-PONG-G|'}}`{=mediawiki}) was the First Lady of the Republic of Ghana from 1972 to 1978. She was the spouse of General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, Chairman of the National Redemption Council and Supreme Military Council and Head of state of Ghana from 1972 to 1978.
## Office
She lost her position to Emily Akuffo, when General Acheampong was toppled in a Palace Coup led by General Fred W.K. Akuffo, who then formed the Supreme Military Council II (SMC II) Government. This regime while in the process of bringing Ghana back to Constitutional Governance was itself toppled by the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, led by Jerry Rawlings.
## Post First Lady {#post_first_lady}
She has most recently been living in the UK and has been involved with charitable institutions working with Ghana
| 134 |
Faustina Acheampong
| 0 |
10,070,832 |
# The Vintage Virgin
***The Vintage Virgin*** is the second studio album from Swedish Pop/Rock and alternative rock singer Sebastian Karlsson, led by the singles \"Words and Violence\" (#3) and the Melodifestivalen 2007 entry \"When the Night Comes Falling\" (#2) the album was released on March 7, 2007 one year and one week after his previous and first album \"Sebastian\", and this time it debuted at number 2.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Troubled Skies\" -- 3:44
2. \"When the Night Comes Falling\" -- 3:14
3. \"Charlie Calm Down\" -- 3:18
4. \"I Can Feel You\" -- 3:46
5. \"Lead Me There\" -- 3:29
6. \"Words and Violence\" -- 3:40
7. \"Falling in Love With You Again\" -- 4:05
8. \"Kiss Kiss Kiss\" -- 3:29
9. \"Bear With Me\" -- 3:40
10. \"Trigger\" -- 3:44
11. \"Drink this Bottle of Wine\" -- 4:24
- All songs written by Sebastian Karlsson and Peter Kvint
## Chart performance {#chart_performance}
Sweden Top 60 Albums
----------------------
Vecka
Position
## Singles
- 2006 -- \"Words and Violence\" No. 3
- 2007 -- \"When the Night Comes Falling\" No
| 183 |
The Vintage Virgin
| 0 |
10,070,833 |
# On the Boundary of Two Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics
***On the Boundary of Two Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics*** (`{{ISSN|1570-7121}}`{=mediawiki}) is an academic book series focused on the critical examination of identity, politics, and culture in the Baltic countries. By offering a wide scope of the social science and humanities disciplines, the book series encourages intercultural dialogue and pursues interdisciplinary research in the field of Baltic studies.
The book series was founded in 2004 and is published by Brill.
## Editors
Founding Editor:\
Leonidas Donskis, Member of the European Parliament, and previously Professor and Dean of Vytautas Magnus University School of Political Science and Diplomacy, Kaunas, Lithuania\
Associate Editor:\
Martyn Housden, University of Bradford, UK
## Editorial Board {#editorial_board}
The Editorial Board consists of:
- Timo Airaksinen, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Egidijus Aleksandravičius, Lithuanian Emigration Institute, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Auksė Balčytienė, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania
- Stefano Bianchini, University of Bologna, Forlì Campus, Italy
- Endre Bojtar, Institute of Literary Studies, Budapest, Hungary
- Ineta Dabašinskienė, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania
- Pietro U. Dini, University of Pisa, Italy
- Robert Ginsberg, Pennsylvania State University, USA
- Martyn Housden, University of Bradford, UK
- Andres Kasekamp, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Andreas Lawaty, Nordost-Institute, Lüneburg, Germany
- Olli Loukola, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Bernard Marchadier, Institut d\'études slaves, Paris, France
- Silviu Miloiu, Valahia University, Targoviste, Romania
- Valdis Muktupāvels, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- Hannu Niemi, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Irina Novikova, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- Yves Plasseraud; Paris, France
- Rein Raud, Tallinn University, Estonia
- Alfred Erich Senn, University of Wisconsin--Madison, USA, and Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- André Skogström-Filler, University Paris VIII-Saint-Denis, France
- David Smith, University of Glasgow, UK
- Saulius Sužiedėlis, Millersville University, USA
- Joachim Tauber, Nordost-Institut, Lüneburg, Germany
- Tomas Venclova, Yale University, USA
- Tonu Viik, Tallinn University, Estonia.
| 327 |
On the Boundary of Two Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics
| 0 |
10,070,833 |
# On the Boundary of Two Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics
## Volumes
- \# 36. *Prelude to Baltic Linguistics.* By Pietro U. Dini. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3798-4}}`{=mediawiki} E-`{{ISBN|978-94-012-1046-1}}`{=mediawiki}
- \# 35. *Baltic Eugenics: Bio-Politics, Race and Nation in Interwar Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 1918-1940.* Edited by Björn M. Felder and Paul J. Weindling. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3722-9}}`{=mediawiki} E-`{{ISBN|978-94-012-0976-2}}`{=mediawiki}
- #34. *The Human Sausage Factory. A Study of Post-War Rumour in Tartu.* By Eda Kalmre. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3717-5}}`{=mediawiki} E-`{{ISBN|978-94-012-0973-1}}`{=mediawiki}
- #33. *The Life and Thought of Lev Karsavin: "Strength made perfect in weakness...".* By Dominic Rubin. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3646-8}}`{=mediawiki} E-`{{ISBN|978-94-012-0914-4}}`{=mediawiki}
- #32. *Transitions of Lithuanian Postmodernism. Lithuanian Literature in the Post-Soviet Period.* Edited by Mindaugas Kvietkauskas. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3441-9}}`{=mediawiki} E-`{{ISBN|978-94-012-0728-7}}`{=mediawiki}
- #31. *Undigested Past. The Holocaust in Lithuania*. By Robert van Voren. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3371-9}}`{=mediawiki} E-book `{{ISBN|978-94-012-0070-7}}`{=mediawiki}
- #30. *Forgotten Pages in Baltic History. Diversity and Inclusion*. Edited by Martyn Housden and David J. Smith. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3313-9}}`{=mediawiki} E-book `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3314-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- #29. *The last ambassador. August Torma, soldier, diplomat, spy*. By Tina Tamman. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3313-9}}`{=mediawiki} E-book `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3314-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- #28. *Post-Communist Democratisation in Lithuania. Elites, parties, and youth political organisations*. 1988-2001. By Diana Janušauskienė. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3249-1}}`{=mediawiki} E-book `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3250-7}}`{=mediawiki}
- #27. *Soldiers of Memory. World War II and Its Aftermath in Estonian Post-Soviet Life Stories*. Edited by Ene Kõresaar. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3243-9}}`{=mediawiki} E-book `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3244-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- #26. *Shrinking Citizenship. Discursive Practices that Limit Democratic Participation in Latvian Politics*. Edited by Maria Golubeva and Robert Gould. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3133-3}}`{=mediawiki} E-book `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3134-0}}`{=mediawiki}
- #25. *From Recognition to Restoration. Latvia's History as a Nation-State*. Edited and Introduced by David J. Smith, David J. Galbreath and Geoffrey Swain. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3098-5}}`{=mediawiki} E-book `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3099-2}}`{=mediawiki}
- #24. *Adopting and Remembering Soviet Reality. Life Stories of Lithuanian Women, 1945 -- 1970*. Editor and Author Dalia Leinarte. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3062-6}}`{=mediawiki} E-book `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3063-3}}`{=mediawiki}
- #23. *Cold War in Psychiatry. Human Factors, Secret Actors*. By Robert van Voren. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-3046-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- #22. *A cat's lick. Democratisation and minority communities in the post-Soviet Baltic*. By Timofey Agarin. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2989-7}}`{=mediawiki}
- #21. *Selected Papers*. By Vasily Sesemann. Edited by Mykolas Drunga and Leonidas Donskis. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2825-8}}`{=mediawiki}
- #20. *1939: The Year that Changed Everything in Lithuania's History*. By Sarunas Liekis. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2762-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- #19. *Lithuania in the 1920s. A Diplomat's Diary. By Robert W. Heingartner*. Introduction and Commentary by Alfred Erich Senn. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2760-2}}`{=mediawiki}
- #18. *Minority Integration in Central Eastern Europe. Between Ethnic Diversity and Equality*. Edited and introduced by Timofey Agarin and Malte Brosig. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2733-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- #17. *On Dissidents and Madness. From The Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev to the \"Soviet Union\" of Vladimir Putin*. By Robert van Voren. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2584-4}}`{=mediawiki} (hardbound), `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2585-1}}`{=mediawiki} (paperback)
- #16. *The Thing and Art. Two Essays on the Ontotopy of the Work of Art*. By Arvydas Šliogeris. Translated from Lithuanian by Robertas Beinartas. Introduced by Leonidas Donskis. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2564-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- #15. *The Case for Latvia. Disinformation Campaigns Against a Small Nation. Fourteen Hard Questions and Straight Answers about a Baltic Country*. By Jukka Rislakki. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2423-6}}`{=mediawiki} (hardbound), `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2424-3}}`{=mediawiki} (paperback)
- #14. *Names of Nihil*. By Arvydas Šliogeris. Translated from Lithuanian by Robertas Beinartas. Preface by Leonidas Donskis. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2402-1}}`{=mediawiki}
- #13. *Continuity and Change in the Baltic Sea Region. Comparing Foreign Policies*. By David J. Galbreath, Ainius Lašas and Jeremy W. Lamoreaux. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2386-4}}`{=mediawiki}
- #12. *Neighbours or enemies? Germans, the Baltic and beyond*. By John Hiden and Martyn Housden. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2349-9}}`{=mediawiki}
- #11. *Making Russians. Meaning and Practice of Russification in Lithuania and Belarus after 1863*. By Darius Staliūnas.`{{ISBN|978-90-420-2267-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- #10. *Lost and Found. The Discovery of Lithuania in American Fiction*. By Aušra Paulauskienė. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2266-9}}`{=mediawiki}
- #9. *Lithuania 1940. Revolution from Above*. By Alfred Erich Senn.
- #8. *Aesthetics*. By Vasily Sesemann. Translated by Mykolas Drunga. Edited and Annotated by Leonidas Donskis.
- #7. *Vasily Sesemann. Experience, Formalism, and the Question of Being*. By Thorsten Botz-Bornstein. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-2092-4}}`{=mediawiki}
- #6. *Baltic Postcolonialism*. Edited by Violeta Kelertas. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-1959-1}}`{=mediawiki}
- #5. *Upton Sinclair:*The*Lithuanian*Jungle*. Upon the Centenary of* The Jungle*(1905 and 1906) by Upton Sinclair.*, by Giedrius Subačius. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-1879-2}}`{=mediawiki}
- #4. *Loyalty, Dissent, and Betrayal. Modern Lithuania and East-Central European Moral Imagination*, by Leonidas Donskis. Preface by Zygmunt Bauman . `{{ISBN|978-90-420-1727-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- #3. *The Baltic States and their Region. New Europe or Old?*, Edited by David J. Smith. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-1666-8}}`{=mediawiki}
- #2. Estonia. Identity and Independence, Edited by Jean-Jacques Subrenat. Translated into English by David Cousins, Eric Dickens, Alexander Harding, Richard C. Waterhouse. `{{ISBN|978-90-420-0890-8}}`{=mediawiki}
- \# 1. *The Vanished World of Lithuanian Jews*, Edited by Alvydas Nikžentaitis, Stefan Schreiner & Darius Staliunas
| 718 |
On the Boundary of Two Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics
| 1 |
10,070,843 |
# London Buses route 45
**London Buses route 45** is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Morden station and Camberwell Green, it is operated by Transport UK London Bus.
## History
Route 45 was introduced on 1 October 1950 as a replacement for trolleybus route 34 between Battersea and Farringdon Street via Clapham Junction, Clapham Common, Stockwell, Brixton, Camberwell Green, Elephant & Castle and Blackfriars Bridge. It was operated by AEC Routemasters. On 17 January 1951 it was extended from Battersea to South Kensington station. On 1 February 1961, the route was extended from Farringdon Street to Hampstead Heath via Grays Inn Road and King\'s Cross replacing trolleybus route 513. On 8 January 1972, it was withdrawn between King\'s Cross and Hampstead and replaced by route 46. On 28 October 1978, the route was extended from King\'s Cross to Archway station.
On 3 August 1985, route 45 was converted to one man operation with the AEC Routemasters replaced by Leyland Titans.
Having been operated by London Central out of Camberwell garage since first tendered in 1987, on 11 November 2017 it was taken over by Abellio London\'s Walworth garage with Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMCs introduced. On 15 June 2019, the route was withdrawn between King\'s Cross and Elephant & Castle.
In June 2022, Transport for London launched a consultation with a view to withdrawing route 45, with route 35 and a re-routed 59 continuing to serve its length. However, it decided not to go ahead with the proposals and so no changes to route 45 were made.
In September 2024, Transport for London launched a consultation proposing to restructure route 45 in order to replace route 118 which was proposed for withdrawal. In December 2024, it was confirmed that the changes would proceed with route 45 being restructured to operate between Morden station and Camberwell Green. This change was implemented on 1 February 2025
| 320 |
London Buses route 45
| 0 |
10,070,857 |
# Lina Espina-Moore
**Lina Espina-Moore** (born **Austregelina Espina**) (May 20, 1919 -- 2000) was a Cebuano writer. She was a recipient of the S.E.A. Write Award.
## Biography
She was born in Toledo, Cebu, the fifth child and second daughter of Yrinea Regner and Gerundio Espina. Her formative academic years were spent at the Cebu Central School and at the Cebu Intermediate High School. She then graduated from the Southern Colleges with an Associate of Arts degree. A brief stint as a law student at Far Eastern University in Manila was followed by a job as a cub reporter for the *Manila Times*.
Among her awards are the Philippines Free Press Literary Award for 1994, when she won first prize in the short story contest and for her "outstanding contribution to Philippine arts and letters." She was also the "unanimous choice" by the Creative Writing Center at the University of the Philippines for the 1995-96 National Fellowship in Literature, an honor she couldn\'t accept because of health reasons.
Along with other female reporters, Espina established the Philippine Association of Women Writers (PAWW) in 1950. While in this group, Espina\'s *Just Like A Dream* was published in the Graphic; it was her first fiction piece to see the light of day in a regionally-circulated magazine. This was followed by the Sunday Times Magazine\'s publication of her *Timeless Waters*. While more of her stories began making the rounds of other magazines, Espina flitted from one writing job to the next, running the gamut of editorial work, ghost writing and public relations. With many writing successes in English under her belt, Espina decided to pen manuscripts in her native Cebuano and send these to Liwayway Publications' Cebuano magazine Bisaya.
Previous awards include: Outstanding Achievement in the Field of English Literature from the Province of Cebu (1975), Pan Pacific Southeast Asian Association Award in the Field of the English Novel (1975), Magsusulat Award for Exemplary Contribution to Literature in Cebuano (1987), and the much-esteemed Thailand Southeast Asian Write Award presented by HRH Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn for her novel Heart of the Lotus in 1989. In 1992 she received both the Women in Travel Award in the Field of Literature and the Literary Award from the Mariano F. Manguerra Foundation.
In 1960, Espina married Climpson S. \"Kip\" Moore, manager of a lumber company in the Cordilleras. The couple made their home in Mt Data until Kip Moore\'s death in 1977. During her stay there, Espina-Moore wrote about tribal minorities. She resided in Alabang, Metro Manila, but moved to her hometown Cebu in recent years to be with her son and his family.
Lina Espina-Moore died in 2000, and to fulfill a promise to Lina, Edna Zapanta Manlapaz wrote *Austregelina: A Story of Lina Espina Moore\'s Life and Selected Works* (Anvil, 2000).
Espina-Moore wrote three novels: *The Heart of the Lotus*, *A Lion In The House*, and *The Honey, The Locust*. Her short stories are found in two collections: *Cuentos*, and *Choice*. She edited a collection of writings by Cebu writers, *Cebuano Harvest I* (New Day Publishers, 1992). She also collected and edited, *The Stories of Estrella D. Alfon* (Giraffe Books, 1994).
## Works
### Novels
- *Heart of the Lotus* (1970, 1982)
- *A Lion in the House* (1980)
- *The Honey, the Locusts* (1992)
### Short story collections {#short_story_collections}
- *Cuentos* (1985)
- *Choice* (1995)
| 561 |
Lina Espina-Moore
| 0 |
10,070,857 |
# Lina Espina-Moore
## Books she edited {#books_she_edited}
- *Cebuano Harvest I* (New Day Publishers, 1992)
- *The Stories of Estrella D. Alfon* (Giraffe Books, 1994)
## Awards, honors and prizes {#awards_honors_and_prizes}
- Gawad Bambansang Alagad ni Balagtas by the Writers Union of the Philippines in 1992
- S.E.A. Write Award (Southeast Asian Writers Awards) in 1989
- Mariano F
| 60 |
Lina Espina-Moore
| 1 |
10,070,867 |
# Bidirectional map
In computer science, a **bidirectional map** is an associative data structure in which the $(key, value)$ pairs form a one-to-one correspondence. Thus the binary relation is functional in each direction: each $value$ can also be mapped to a unique $key$. A pair $(a, b)$ thus provides a unique coupling between $a$ and $b$ so that $b$ can be found when $a$ is used as a key and $a$ can be found when $b$ is used as a key
| 81 |
Bidirectional map
| 0 |
10,070,899 |
# Family Portrait (Voyager)
The ***Family Portrait***, or sometimes ***Portrait of the Planets***, is an image of the Solar System acquired by *Voyager 1* on February 14, 1990, from a distance of approximately 6 e9km from Earth. It features individual frames of six planets and a partial background indicating their relative positions. The picture is a mosaic of 60 frames. The frames used to compose the image were the last photographs taken by either Voyager spacecraft (which continued to relay other telemetry afterward). The frames were also the source of the famous *Pale Blue Dot* image of the Earth. Astronomer Carl Sagan, who was part of the Voyager imaging team, campaigned for many years to have the pictures taken.
## Description
Six planets are visible in the mosaic, from left to right: Jupiter, Earth, Venus, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The Sun, also a point of light at this distance, is included in the image. Three (then) planets were missed. Mercury was too close to the Sun to be seen. Mars could not be detected by the Voyager cameras due to its position resulting in it only producing a thin crescent from the viewpoint of the spacecraft, and Pluto (which, in 1990, was still considered a planet) was not included because its small size and distance from the Sun left it too dim to image. Mars could have been imaged through a clear filter rather than the colored ones used, but by the time this was evident, the process was too far advanced to make the changes.
The image does not have a unified appearance. The individual frames were acquired using various filters at varying exposures to bring out as much detail as possible in each. For example, the Sun was imaged with the darkest filter and shortest exposure available, to avoid damaging the Imaging Science System vidicon tubes. The majority of the frames were acquired in gray scale with the probe\'s Wide-Angle Camera, while the close-up views of each planet were acquired in color using the Narrow-Angle Camera.
The image was acquired at a distance of approximately 40.11 AU from Earth and approximately 32° above the ecliptic plane. Of the two Voyager spacecraft, *Voyager 1* was chosen to create the mosaic because its trajectory had taken it above the plane of the Solar System. Also, unlike *Voyager 2*, *Voyager 1* was in a position to view Jupiter free of light disturbances by the Sun\'s glare. In 2013, a reverse image was taken of *Voyager 1*, using radio telescopes. *Voyager 1* cannot be seen in visible light, but its radio signal is very bright compared to most natural objects studied by radio telescopes
| 442 |
Family Portrait (Voyager)
| 0 |
10,070,938 |
# William Napier, 13th Lord Napier
Lt. Col. **William Francis Cyril James Hamilton Napier, 13th Lord Napier, 4th Baron Ettrick** DL (9 September 1900 -- 23 August 1954) was a Scottish soldier and courtier.
## Early life {#early_life}
He was the eldest son of Francis Napier, the 12th Lord Napier and his wife Hon. Clarice Jessie E. Hamilton, daughter of James Hamilton, 9th Lord Belhaven and Stenton. His brother, Hon. Neville Archibald John Watson Ettrick Napier, married Eileen Thorne (daughter of Hubert Prangley Thorne), in 1937.
He was educated at Wellington College and Sandhurst.
## Career
In 1920, he was commissioned into the King\'s Own Scottish Borderers, as a 2nd lieutenant, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel by 1939. During this time, he served as the commanding officer of the 6th Battalion of the Scottish Borderers (from 1939 to 1941), as well as assistant adjutant general of the War Office (from 1943 to 1944 -- under General Sir Ronald Adam). He was elected into the Royal Company of Archers in 1930, and held a number of political positions, including county councillor for Selkirkshire (from 1946 to 1948) and DL and JP for Selkirkshire.
Upon his father\'s death in 1941, he succeeded as Lord Napier and Ettrick and as chief of the name and arms of Clan Napier.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
On 28 September 1928, he married Violet Muir Newson, a daughter of Sir Percy Newson, 1st Baronet and Helena Franklin (a daughter of Lt.-Col. Denham Franklin). Together, they had four children:
- Francis *Nigel* Napier, 14th Lord Napier (1930--2012), who married Delia Mary Pearson, daughter of Maj. Archibald David Barclay Pearson and Hilda Constance Helen Blackburn, in 1958.
- Hon. Charles Malcolm Napier (born 1933), who married Lady Mariota Cecilia Murray, a daughter of Mungo Murray, 7th Earl of Mansfield, in 1969.
- Hon. John Greville Napier (1939--1988), who married Juliet Elizabeth Hargreaves Durie, daughter of Sir Alexander Charles Durie and Joyce May Hargreaves, in 1968.
- Hon. Hugh *Lennox* Napier (1943--1996), a doctor who died unmarried.
Lord Napier died on 23 August 1954 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Nigel
| 354 |
William Napier, 13th Lord Napier
| 0 |
10,070,946 |
# Iczer Girl Iczelion
***Iczelion***, known in Japan as `{{Nihongo|'''''Iczer Girl Iczerion'''''|戦ー少女 イクセリオン|Ikusā Gāru Ikuzerion}}`{=mediawiki}, is a 2-episode Japanese original video animation (OVA) series released in 1995. It was created by Toshihiro Hirano, director of the original *Fight! Iczer One* and *Iczer Reborn* series. AIC and KSS were the animation production companies in charge of *Iczelion*. The series was licensed in North America by ADV Films.
Unlike its predecessor, *Iczelion* did not feature female-female intimacy. Although the series hinted at a possible continuation, none was ever written or created. The story seems to take place in an alternate timeline from *Iczer-One* and *Iczer Reborn* because of its placement in modern-day and with a seemingly different Nagisa.
*Iczelion* was also made into a radio drama series, released as three drama CDs. The radio drama served as a bridge between *Iczer-3* and *Iczelion*, as characters from the *Iczer-3* OVA series were featured in it, including Nagisa Kasumi, who became the title Iczelion instead of the OVA\'s Nagisa Kai. Iczel was also sent to earth by Iczer-3 in the radio drama.
## Story
Kai Nagisa, a normal high school girl who wishes to one day become a professional wrestler, is suddenly approached by a robot known as an Iczel. Iczel urges her to help save the Earth from invading aliens called Geas. The Geas, led by Chaos and Cross, are bent on stripping Earth\'s resources and then destroying it. To fight the invaders, Nagisa must merge with Iczel and become a battle-suited warrior named \"Iczelion\". She is reluctant to take up this sudden unbelievable task and fight with the other Iczelions of Earth because Nagisa just wants to live a normal life without having such big responsibilities. Nagisa must overcome her fears, together with other Iczelions, and fight to prevent the invading alien forces from destroying their home planet, Earth.
| 307 |
Iczer Girl Iczelion
| 0 |
10,070,946 |
# Iczer Girl Iczelion
## Characters
### Main characters {#main_characters}
-
:
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: A normal high school student who wishes to become a professional wrestler. One day, a robot named Iczel confronts Nagisa and urges her to help save the world from invading aliens. Although at first, she refused, Nagisa had no choice but to merge with Iczel to become an `{{nihongo|'''Iczelion'''|イクセリオン|Ikuserion}}`{=mediawiki}. She struggles at first because she does not want to hold the responsibility of being an Iczelion and saving the world, but later realizes that she must protect those she cares about, giving her the strength to become an Iczelion and fight to save the Earth. She can enter Burst Acceleration Mode for a brief period of time.
Weapon: Beamsword, Handbeam, Barrier, Concentrate Fire-Blast.
-
:
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: A robot that confronts Nagisa and pleads her to help fight invading aliens that want to destroy the Earth. Iczel chooses Nagisa to become an Iczelion. Nagisa is reluctant in accepting the role but Iczel continuously pleads her to fight to protect her home planet. There are other Iczels on Earth that attend to their own Iczelions; Iczel Black, Iczel Gold, and Iczel Silver. Each Iczel has their own personality, which is similar to that of their Iczelion girl counterpart. Iczel is also referred to as Normal Type by the other Iczels.
Weapon: Barrier.
-
:
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: A rock singer and works as a rave dancer in a nightclub, she is `{{nihongo|'''Iczelion Black'''|ブラックイクセリオン|Burakku Ikuserion}}`{=mediawiki}. From all the Iczelion, she is the most direct and sure of herself. Her Iczelion signature attacks are gravity based, and she is also the most skilled with both her beam sword and in hand to hand combat. Nami currently seems to be the strongest and most capable of the Iczelions. She seem to have the most defensive and powerful Barrier out of the 4. Can also transfer all the suit power into her beam sword, critically boosting it power to access Gravity Slash.
Weapon: Duel Beamswords, Handbeam, Barrier, Gravity Barrier Ram, Gravity Well, Implode Gravity Vortex.
-
:
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: An idol singer, she is `{{nihongo|'''Iczelion Gold'''|ゴールドイクセリオン|Gōrudo Ikuserion}}`{=mediawiki}. She is very energetic and agile. She tends to mock her opponents in battle but she shows that she is a capable fighter. She is probably the most girlish and enthusiastic of the Iczelion, but that doesn\'t mean that her fighting skills are weak. She displays one of the broadest range of attacks based on wind and earth. Her wind attacks are deployed by means of the weapon modules mounted on her hips.
Weapon: Barrier, Expanding Barrier Blast, Meteor Shower, Tornado, Tornado Kick, Double Super Tornado.
-
:
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: Another high school girl who attends a different school from Kai Nagisa, she is `{{nihongo|'''Iczelion Silver'''|シルバーイクセリオン|Shirubā Ikuserion}}`{=mediawiki}. She is not so active like the other Iczelions, but is very calm, gentle and quiet. Kawai is the first to try to persuade Nagisa to fight alongside the other Iczelions and protect the Earth. Kawai is the one who explains why the Iczel were created. While other Iczelion may have their own reasons for fighting, Kawai firmly believes there is nothing more important than defending their home, Earth. Her signature weapons are her Beam Boomerangs. She can also enter Burst Teleport Mode for rapid short-distance evasion.
Weapon: Barrier, single forearm Beam Cutter, Dual Beam Boomerangs.
### Villains
-
:
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: One of the main villains in the story. Cross is an android and was probably \"created\" by Big Gold before she was killed by Iczer-1. With her brother Chaos, she goes to different planets throughout the galaxy, stealing their resources and destroying them. She takes pleasure in killing their inhabitants and hunting down the Iczelion that protect those world. She is usually accompanied by three strong Geas called Voids. Cross seems to be the brawn between herself and her brother. She is eventually killed by Nagisa.
-
:
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: Another one of the main villains in the story. Chaos is also an android and is the brother of Cross. Together with his sister, they steal planet resources and destroy them afterwards. Chaos seems to be the brains between himself and his sister, commanding his army of Geas to do his bidding.
## Sound Novel Staff {#sound_novel_staff}
**Japanese Staff**
- Original Work: Toshihiro Hirano
- General Manager: Toshihiro Hirano
- Screenplay: Gaku Nakamura
- Design Work: Yasuhiro Moriki
- Music: Michiaki Watanabe, Tatsumi Yano
| 759 |
Iczer Girl Iczelion
| 1 |
10,070,946 |
# Iczer Girl Iczelion
## Sound novel theme songs {#sound_novel_theme_songs}
**Opening:**
- - Lyrics: Kouichiro Maeda
- Composition: Tatsumi Yano
- Arrangement: Tatsumi Yano
- Artist: Mari Sasaki
**Ending:**
- - Lyrics: Kouichiro Maeda
- Composition: Tatsumi Yano
- Arrangement: Tatsumi Yano
- Artist: Yuri Shiratori
**Image Song:**
- - Lyrics: Fumiko Okada
- Composition: Michiaki Watanabe
- Arrangement: Michiaki Watanabe
- Artist: Eriko Tsuruzaki
## OVA Staff {#ova_staff}
**Japanese Staff**
- Director: Toshihiro Hirano
- Music: Kenji Kawai, Tatsumi Yano
- Character Design: Masahiro Nishii, Toshihiro Hirano
- Art director: Hiroshi Kato
- Mechanical design: Keishi Hashimoto
- Director of Photography: Hitoshi Sato
- Animation Supervisor: Keitaro Motonaga
- Design Work: Yasuhiro Morimoto
- Sound director: Hitoshi Matsuoka
- Animation Production: AIC
- Production: KSS
**English Staff**
- Director: Gary Dehan
- Script: Gary Dehan, Lowell B. Bartholomee
- Art director: Laura Attwell
- Translation: Chris Hutts, Masako Arakawa
- Additional Translation: Chris Hutts, Masako Arakawa
- Editing: Charles Campbell, David Grundy
- Engineer: Charles Campbell
- Executive producer: John Ledford
- International Coordination: Toru Iwakami
- Logo Design: Douglas Smith
- Packaging Design: Lorraine Reyes, Thanh Tran
- Producer: Gary Dehan, Matt Greenfield
- Production Assistant: Akiko Yoshii, Kelly Jean Beard, Maki Nagano, Masami Takahashi
- Production Coordination: Janice Williams
- Production Manager: Lisa J
| 217 |
Iczer Girl Iczelion
| 2 |
10,070,974 |
# Minimal prime (recreational mathematics)
In recreational number theory, a **minimal prime** is a prime number for which there is no shorter subsequence of its digits in a given base that form a prime. In base 10 there are exactly 26 minimal primes:
: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 19, 41, 61, 89, 409, 449, 499, 881, 991, 6469, 6949, 9001, 9049, 9649, 9949, 60649, 666649, 946669, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049 `{{OEIS|id=A071062}}`{=mediawiki}.
For example, 409 is a minimal prime because there is no prime among the shorter subsequences of the digits: 4, 0, 9, 40, 49, 09. The subsequence does not have to consist of consecutive digits, so 109 is not a minimal prime (because 19 is prime). But it does have to be in the same order; so, for example, 991 is still a minimal prime even though a subset of the digits can form the shorter prime 19 by changing the order.
Similarly, there are exactly 32 composite numbers which have no shorter composite subsequence:
: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 50, 51, 52, 55, 57, 70, 72, 75, 77, 111, 117, 171, 371, 711, 713, 731 `{{OEIS|id=A071070}}`{=mediawiki}.
There are 146 primes congruent to 1 mod 4 which have no shorter prime congruent to 1 mod 4 subsequence:
: 5, 13, 17, 29, 37, 41, 61, 73, 89, 97, 101, 109, 149, 181, 233, 277, 281, 349, 409, 433, 449, 677, 701, 709, 769, 821, 877, 881, 1669, 2221, 3001, 3121, 3169, 3221, 3301, 3833, 4969, 4993, 6469, 6833, 6949, 7121, 7477, 7949, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9649, 9833, 9901, 9949, \... `{{OEIS|id=A111055}}`{=mediawiki}
There are 113 primes congruent to 3 mod 4 which have no shorter prime congruent to 3 mod 4 subsequence:
: 3, 7, 11, 19, 59, 251, 491, 499, 691, 991, 2099, 2699, 2999, 4051, 4451, 4651, 5051, 5651, 5851, 6299, 6451, 6551, 6899, 8291, 8699, 8951, 8999, 9551, 9851, \... `{{OEIS|id=A111056}}`{=mediawiki}
| 326 |
Minimal prime (recreational mathematics)
| 0 |
10,070,974 |
# Minimal prime (recreational mathematics)
## Other bases {#other_bases}
Minimal primes can be generalized to other bases. It can be shown that there are only a finite number of minimal primes in every base. Equivalently, every sufficiently large prime contains a shorter subsequence that forms a prime.
*b* minimal primes in base *b* (written in base *b*, the letters A, B, C, \... represent values 10, 11, 12, \...)
----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
1 11 1
2 10, 11 2
3 2, 10, 111 3
4 2, 3, 11 3
5 2, 3, 10, 111, 401, 414, 14444, 44441 8
6 2, 3, 5, 11, 4401, 4441, 40041 7
7 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 16, 41, 61, 11111 9
8 2, 3, 5, 7, 111, 141, 161, 401, 661, 4611, 6101, 6441, 60411, 444641, 444444441 15
9 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 18, 41, 81, 601, 661, 1011, 1101 12
10 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 19, 41, 61, 89, 409, 449, 499, 881, 991, 6469, 6949, 9001, 9049, 9649, 9949, 60649, 666649, 946669, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049 26
11 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 16, 18, 49, 61, 81, 89, 94, 98, 9A, 199, 1AA, 414, 919, A1A, AA1, 11A9, 66A9, A119, A911, AAA9, 11144, 11191, 1141A, 114A1, 1411A, 144A4, 14A11, 1A114, 1A411, 4041A, 40441, 404A1, 4111A, 411A1, 44401, 444A1, 44A01, 6A609, 6A669, 6A696, 6A906, 6A966, 90901, 99111, A0111, A0669, A0966, A0999, A0A09, A4401, A6096, A6966, A6999, A9091, A9699, A9969, 401A11, 404001, 404111, 440A41, 4A0401, 4A4041, 60A069, 6A0096, 6A0A96, 6A9099, 6A9909, 909991, 999901, A00009, A60609, A66069, A66906, A69006, A90099, A90996, A96006, A96666, 111114A, 1111A14, 1111A41, 1144441, 14A4444, 1A44444, 4000111, 4011111, 41A1111, 4411111, 444441A, 4A11111, 4A40001, 6000A69, 6000A96, 6A00069, 9900991, 9990091, A000696, A000991, A006906, A040041, A141111, A600A69, A906606, A909009, A990009, 40A00041, 60A99999, 99000001, A0004041, A9909006, A9990006, A9990606, A9999966, 40000A401, 44A444441, 900000091, A00990001, A44444111, A66666669, A90000606, A99999006, A99999099, 600000A999, A000144444, A900000066, A0000000001, A0014444444, 40000000A0041, A000000014444, A044444444441, A144444444411, 40000000000401, A0000044444441, A00000000444441, 11111111111111111, 14444444444441111, 44444444444444111, A1444444444444444, A9999999999999996, 1444444444444444444, 4000000000000000A041, A999999999999999999999, A44444444444444444444444441, 40000000000000000000000000041, 440000000000000000000000000001, 999999999999999999999999999999991, 444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441 152
12 2, 3, 5, 7, B, 11, 61, 81, 91, 401, A41, 4441, A0A1, AAAA1, 44AAA1, AAA0001, AA000001 17
The base 12 minimal primes written in base 10 are listed in `{{oeis|id=A110600}}`{=mediawiki}.
Number of minimal (probable) primes in base *n* are
: 1, 2, 3, 3, 8, 7, 9, 15, 12, 26, 152, 17, 228, 240, 100, 483, 1280, 50, 3463, 651, 2601, 1242, 6021, 306, (17608 or 17609), 5664, 17215, 5784, (57296 or 57297), 220, \...
The length of the largest minimal (probable) prime in base *n* are
: 2, 2, 3, 2, 5, 5, 5, 9, 4, 8, 45, 8, 32021, 86, 107, 3545, (≥111334), 33, (≥110986), 449, (≥479150), 764, 800874, 100, (≥136967), (≥8773), (≥109006), (≥94538), (≥174240), 1024, \...
Largest minimal (probable) prime in base *n* (written in base 10) are
: 2, 3, 13, 5, 3121, 5209, 2801, 76695841, 811, 66600049, 29156193474041220857161146715104735751776055777, 388177921, \... (next term has 35670 digits) `{{OEIS|id=A326609}}`{=mediawiki}
Number of minimal composites in base *n* are
: 1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 19, 18, 26, 28, 32, 32, 46, 43, 52, 54, 60, 60, 95, 77, 87, 90, 94, 97, 137, 117, 111, 115, 131, 123, 207, \...
The length of the largest minimal composite in base *n* are
: 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, \..
| 568 |
Minimal prime (recreational mathematics)
| 1 |
10,070,983 |
# Proby baronets
There have been two **baronetcies** created for persons with the surname **Proby**, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. The first creation is extinct while the second creation is extant.
The **Proby Baronetcy**, of Elton in the County of Huntingdon, was created in the Baronetage of England on 7 March 1662 for Thomas Proby. He represented Amersham and Huntingdonshire in the House of Commons. The title became extinct on his death in 1689. Proby\'s first cousin William Proby was the ancestor of the Earls of Carysfort.
The **Proby Baronetcy**, of Elton Hall in the County of Huntingdon, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 30 January 1952 for Major Richard Proby, President of the Country Landowners\' Association. He was the son of Colonel Douglas Hamilton, who assumed by Royal licence the surname of Proby in 1904, son of Lord Claud Hamilton and his wife Lady Elizabeth Emma Proby, daughter of Granville Leveson Proby, 3rd Earl of Carysfort, and sister of William Proby, 5th Earl of Carysfort (on whose death in 1909 the earldom became extinct). Lord Claud Hamilton was the second son of James Hamilton, Viscount Hamilton, eldest son of John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn. Consequently, the present holder of the Proby Baronetcy of Elton Hall is also in remainder to the marquessate of Abercorn and its subsidiary titles, titles held by his kinsman the Duke of Abercorn.
## Proby baronets, of Elton (1662) {#proby_baronets_of_elton_1662}
- Sir Thomas Proby, 1st Baronet (c. 1634--1689)
## Proby baronets, of Elton Hall (1952) {#proby_baronets_of_elton_hall_1952}
- Sir Richard George Proby, 1st Baronet (1886--1979)
- Sir Peter Proby, 2nd Baronet (1911--2002)
- Sir William Henry Proby, CBE, 3rd Baronet (born 1949)
There is no heir to the baronetcy
| 298 |
Proby baronets
| 0 |
10,070,991 |
# LocalLink 54 (BaltimoreLink)
**LocalLink 54** is a bus route operated by the Maryland Transit Administration in Baltimore and its suburbs. The route was formerly known as Route 19 prior to 2017. The line currently runs from the State Center Metro Subway Station to the intersection of Harford Road and Northern Parkway. From there it splits into two branches. About one half of buses continue operating along Harford Road to the Carney Park-and-Ride just north of the I-695 interchange, and the other half to the intersection of Goucher Boulevard and Taylor Avenue in Towson via Northern, McLean Boulevard, Hillsway, and Taylor. The line serves the communities of Montebello, Hamilton, and Parkville.
The bus route is the successor to the **19 Harford Avenue** streetcar line.
## History
Route 19 was electrified as a streetcar along Harford Road in 1894. The line terminated in the north in Parkville and did not serve Carney. Service between Parkville and Carney was provided by **Bus Route R** from 1936 to 1948, and by **Bus Route 53** from 1948 to 1956. The no. 19 line started providing service to Carney when it was converted to a bus in 1956.
In 1952, it was combined with the no. 31 streetcar, and extended to serve the corridor of Garrison Boulevard in West Baltimore. In 1956, the operation was converted to rubber tire buses.
Over the next few decades, the line was expanded. The route was extended along Belvedere Avenue to Sinai Hospital and north to the Carney Park-and-Ride, and branches were formed to Northern Parkway and McLean Boulevard, Walther Avenue, Joppa Heights, and the Hickey School. Also, express trips operated via I-95.
In 1987, Route 19 was split into two lines in order to improve schedule adherence on both sides of town. The new Route 19 ran from State Center north of downtown Baltimore, and the line served the Harford Road corridor. The new Route 91 operated from Sinai Hospital to City Hall, serving the western half of this route.
During the 1990s, the following changes were made to Route 19:
- The McLean branch was extended to Goucher & Taylor, overlapping with a portion of Route 55. It was also made into a full-time service.
- The Walther Avenue branch was discontinued.
- Express trips via I-95 were discontinued.
## Greater Baltimore Bus Initiative {#greater_baltimore_bus_initiative}
In 2005, as part of the Greater Baltimore Bus Initiative, a comprehensive overhaul plan for the region\'s transit system, MTA first proposed to eliminate the Joppa Heights and Hickey School branches. No changes to this line were implemented along with Phase I in 2005.
In 2006, a two revised plans were introduced. The first was to likewise shorten the line to Lexington Market. But a new revised plan was introduced later in 2006 in which the line would be split into two separate lines. One line, which would have retained the no. 19 designation, would have continued to operate from Carney to State Center, with a minor routing change in the downtown area, and would have operated every 30 minutes at most times. The other would have been known as **Route 37**, and would have operated from Goucher & Taylor to Cherry Hill via the current route downtown, then via the route of Route 27 the remainder of the way. These two lines would operate on an alternating basis with coordinated schedules between Northern & Harford and downtown Baltimore.
These changes were not implemented, and GBBI was canceled in 2007. But the Joppa Heights and Hickey School branches were later eliminated in 2009, with no other changes to the route.
## Route 19A {#route_19a}
In 1973, a new **Route 19A** was introduced that also originated at the Carney Park-and-Ride, and operated to Downtown Baltimore via a different route. It was a replacement for a route previously provided by the defunct McMahon Services. The line provided one morning trip between Carney and downtown, and one evening trip from downtown to Carney. It operated to points on Harford Road north of the Park-and-Ride lot, serving the Cub Hill area, and then followed Old Harford Road and shorter sections of other thoroughfares in Parkville and Towson not served by other bus service prior to reaching Charles Street in the Rodgers Forge area. From there, it continued directly downtown. The line was renamed **Route 105** in 2000.,
In October 2005, Route 105 was discontinued due to its low ridership. No replacement service was formed. Riders within a close walk of other routes were advised to use those
| 751 |
LocalLink 54 (BaltimoreLink)
| 0 |
10,071,061 |
# Brian Flies
**Brian Flies** (born 29 August 1969) is a Danish retired footballer, who played as a goalkeeper. Flies was a member of the Denmark U21 national team at the 1992 Olympic tournament, though he did not play any games. He became manager of Næstved BK in the summer of 2010. He resigned on 30 September 2011
| 58 |
Brian Flies
| 0 |
10,071,084 |
# Ron Dawson
**Ronald Leslie Dawson** (born 1940) is a Special Educational Needs (SEN) educator, psychologist, researcher and author and co-author of numerous books and articles concerning the education of pupils with SEN. His most important publication is The Macmillan Teacher Information Pack (TIPs), a pack of informative materials to assist teachers of pupils with special educational needs in mainstream and special schools. He has also written two novels, six children\'s story books and a history of Birmingham\'s first canal. In 2012 he wrote the lyrics and co-composed the music (arranged by Kevin Morgan of the BSO) of \"Lest we forget\", a song of Remembrance. It was first performed in public on 16 September 2012 by the Wellington Male Voice Choir in the New Zealand Parliament building at the inauguration of New Zealand\'s Malayan Veterans Day. It has since been performed at Remembrance Services, Concerts and Memorials in the UK, Australia, Canada and Cyprus. In 2014 he wrote the lyrics and co-composed the music (arranged by Kevin Morgan) a novelty dance song \"The Brazilian Attack\", which was recorded by the Copacabana Brass. He created, wrote, directed and produced the National Children\'s WW1 Remembrance Concert at the National Exhibition Centre on the 3rd of November, 2018.
## Biography
Dawson was born in 1940 at Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, the son of Clarice Joan Wheeler. He was adopted aged two by Thomas Dawson, a canal boatman, and his wife, Henrietta of Kingstanding, Birmingham.
- 1956--1965, non-academic employment.`{{Clarify|date=January 2012}}`{=mediawiki}
- 1965- Professional educator, researcher and writer.
## Awards
- Certificate of Education, (1968, St Peter\'s College, Saltley)
- Bachelor of Arts (1974, Open University)
- Master of Science (1975, University of Aston in Birmingham)
- Doctor of Philosophy (1981, University of Aston in Birmingham)
- Chartered Psychologist and Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society (1982)
## Teaching and research {#teaching_and_research}
- Teacher of maladjusted children.
- Deputy Head Teacher, Special School
- Research Officer for the national Schools\' Council Research Project, The Education of Disturbed Pupils (1975--1978)
- Director and Research Psychologist of a five-year research project, the Education of Disturbed Children, (1978--1983). Project funded by Urban Aid and Barnsley Local Education Authority
- Adviser for Special Education, Hampshire LEA.
- Inspector for Special Education, Staffordshire LEA.
- Adviser/Inspector for Special Education, States of Jersey.
- Registered OFSTED Inspector.
- Head of the Special Education and Habilitation Studies Department, principal lecturer at King Alfred\'s College, University of Winchester
| 406 |
Ron Dawson
| 0 |
10,071,084 |
# Ron Dawson
## Significant publications {#significant_publications}
- Disturbed Pupils in Special Schools: First findings from a Schools Council project (1977, Paper presented to the British Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Conference).
- Special Provision for Disturbed Pupils (1980, Macmillan Education, `{{ISBN|0-333-28405-4}}`{=mediawiki}). Statistical findings and analysis of the project the Schools Council Project, Education of Disturbed Children
- The Teacher Information Packs (Macmillan Education, `{{ISBN|0-333-38438-5}}`{=mediawiki}) a pack of one-hundred and twenty-three information units designed to assist teachers to work more effectively in relation to pupils across the whole range of special educational needs (SEN). Originator and overall editor of the published version and was the author or co-author of over eighty per-cent of the materials. A number of British LEAs installed TIPs in all of their schools as did a number of overseas countries. TIPs was described as an 'Opus Magnum' in the Journal of the Association of Educational Psychologists.
- The Baby Progress Guides (Psycho-Educational Products, 1982), originator, author and co-developer (with Peter Penrose). Pack of assessment and developmental guides and equipment for the parents of infants from birth to two and a half years.
- Handwriting 1, and 2, for the Macmillan Education Success series (`{{ISBN|0333463110}}`{=mediawiki}, and `{{ISBN|0-333-51308-8}}`{=mediawiki}).
- Numerous articles and research papers published in academic and research journals, and reports and reviews commissioned by the Times Educational Supplement
- The Dawson File, regular satirical column in Special Children magazine.
- Birmingham\'s First Canal-1730-1772, 2022 Brewin Books, (ISBN 978-1-85858-746-2)
### Novels
- The Last Viking : The untold story of the world\'s greatest heist, (2006, Trafford `{{ISBN|1-4120-8683-3}}`{=mediawiki}, UK Edition 2009 `{{ISBN|978-0-9561732-3-2}}`{=mediawiki}). (DUKW) tells how a Birmingham gang captured and looted the island of Guernsey in the 1950s. It was optioned for film within a year of its publication.
- The Worm that Flies in the Night: A Diary of Incestuous Love and Serial Murder, (2009, Mulberry Tree Books `{{ISBN|978-0-9561732-0-1}}`{=mediawiki}) takes its title from William Blake\'s poem, The Sick Rose. It is the story of a psychopath who is obsessed by the Oedipus myth and kills to gain access to his mother\'s bed.
### Books for children {#books_for_children}
The Amazing Adventures of Scary Bones the Skeleton are fantasy stories series for children aged 5 to 12 years:
- The Lost Dog and Bone, 2009, Mulberry Tree Books `{{ISBN|978-0-9561732-1-8}}`{=mediawiki}
- Scary Bones meets the Pirates of Brownsea Island, 2009 Mulberry Tree Books `{{ISBN|978-0-9561732-2-5}}`{=mediawiki}
- Scary Bones meets the Dinosaurs of the Jurassic Coast, Mulberry Tree Books, `{{ISBN|978-0-9561732-4-9}}`{=mediawiki}
- Scary Bones meets the Wacky Witches of Wareham, 2010, Mulberry Tree Books, `{{ISBN|978-0-9561732-5-6}}`{=mediawiki})
- Scary Bones meets the Nasty Romans of Maiden Castle 2011, Mulberry Tree Books, `{{ISBN|978-0-9561732-6-3}}`{=mediawiki}.
- Scary Bones meets the Knights and Dragon of Durlston Head 2013, Mulberry Tree Books, `{{ISBN|978-0-9561732-7-0}}`{=mediawiki}
| 455 |
Ron Dawson
| 1 |
10,071,111 |
# Wade Kach
**A. Wade Kach** (born July 19, 1947) is an American politician and member of the Baltimore County Council.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Kach was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 19, 1947. He attended public schools in Baltimore, including Baltimore Polytechnic Institute. He began college at Towson University before settling at Western Maryland College, now McDaniel College, where he received his B.A. in 1970. Early in life, Kach began to work for his conservative principles, chairing the Maryland Federation of College Republicans in 1970.
## Career
Kach started his career as a middle school math teacher in Baltimore County Public Schools. After 22 years in the classroom, he transitioned to the Audit Office of the school system, reviewing the spending of all schools in the county.
He was a member of the Republican State Central Committee in Baltimore from 1970-73. He was first elected as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1975. Since then, he was elected as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1988 and 2000.
He is a member of the Baltimore County Council, representing the Third District. He won with over 60% of the vote in both the primary and general elections in 2014, unseating incumbent Councilman Todd Huff (R) and defeating Laurie Taylor-Mitchell (D). In 2018, Kach was re-elected to the Council. As a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, he represented District 5B, part of Baltimore County, Maryland, for 40 years up to 2014. He won 98.9% of the vote in 2006 while running unopposed. In 2002 he defeated Democrat Stephen C. Kirsh and Independent William T. Newton with 71.2% of the vote in the new 5B District.
From 1994 to 2002, his district was 9A, which he represented with fellow Republican Martha Scanlan Klima. Again, they both defeated Stephen C. Kirsch. Prior to 1994, Kach represented District 10 in Baltimore County along with former governor Robert Ehrlich. Before the 1994 election, District 10 was represented by Kach, Ehrlich, and former gubernatorial candidate Ellen Sauerbrey.
Active in his community, Kach is a member of the Timonium Optimists, the North Baltimore County Republican and Civic Organization, and the Ashland Community Organization. Kach is also a past member Parents Anonymous of Maryland, the Reisterstown-Owings Mills-Glyndon Coordinating Council, and the Reisterstown-Owings Mills-Glyndon Chamber of Commerce.
He has received many honors including an award from the Maryland Society of Accountants in 1999 and the Casper R. Taylor, Jr., Founder\'s Award, from the House of Delegates in 2006 and, in 2017, the Thomas Kennedy Award for personal courage and dedication.
In elected office for over 50 years, Kach is the longest serving Republican elected official in Maryland history.
In October 2024, Kach announced that he would not run for re-election to the Baltimore County Council in 2026.
| 468 |
Wade Kach
| 0 |
10,071,111 |
# Wade Kach
## Election results {#election_results}
- **2010 Race for Maryland House of Delegates - District 5B**
:
: **Voters to choose one:**
: {\| class=\"wikitable\"
\|- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Wade Kach, Rep. \|13,933 \| 70.8% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} \|Pete Definbaugh, Dem. \|4,881 \| 24.8% \| Lost \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Libertarian}}`{=mediawiki} \|M. Justin Kinsey, Lib. \|863 \| 4.4% \| Lost \|- \|Other Write-Ins \|12 \| 0.1% \| Lost \|}
- **2006 Race for Maryland House of Delegates -- District 5B**
:
: **Voters to choose one:**
: {\| class=\"wikitable\"
\|- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Wade Kach, Rep. \|15,321 \| 98.9% \| **Won** \|- \|Other Write-Ins \|172 \| 1.1% \| Lost \|}
- **2002 Race for Maryland House of Delegates -- District 5B**
:
: **Voters to choose one:**
: {\| class=\"wikitable\"
\|- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Wade Kach, Rep. \|13,122 \| 71.2% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} \|Stephen C. Kirsch, Dem. \|5,268 \| 28.6% \| Lost \|- \|William T. Newton, Ind. \|31 \| 0.2% \| Lost \|- \|Other Write-Ins \|17 \| 0.1% \| Lost \|}
- **1998 Race for Maryland House of Delegates -- District 9A**
:
: **Voters to choose two:**
: {\| class=\"wikitable\"
\|- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Martha Scanlan Klima, Rep. \|19,190 \| 40% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Wade Kach, Rep. \|18,382 \| 38% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} \|Stephen C. Kirsch, Dem. \|10,584 \| 22% \| Lost \|}
- **1994 Race for Maryland House of Delegates -- District 9A**
:
: **Voters to choose two:**
: {\| class=\"wikitable\"
\|- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Martha Scanlan Klima, Rep. \|19,927 \| 38% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Wade Kach, Rep. \|18,734 \| 36% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} \|Shelley Buckingham, Dem. \|7,829 \| 15% \| Lost \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} \|Raymond A. Huber, Dem. \|5,823 \| 11% \| Lost \|}
- **1990 Race for Maryland House of Delegates -- District 10**
:
: **Voters to choose three:**
: {\| class=\"wikitable\"
\|- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Ellen Sauerbrey, Rep. \|22,649 \| 24% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Bob Ehrlich, Rep. \|22,246 \| 24% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Wade Kach, Rep. \|21,225 \| 23% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} \|Ellery B. Woodworth, Dem. \|11,996 \| 13% \| Lost \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} \|Walter Boyd, Dem. \|8,371 \| 9% \| Lost \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} \|Robert L. Curtis Jr., Dem
| 409 |
Wade Kach
| 1 |
10,071,182 |
# Fort Bend Sun
The ***Fort Bend Sun*** (formerly known as the *Fort Bend/Southwest Sun*), was a weekly community newspaper published in Sugar Land, Texas from 1982 to 2022. The newspaper had a weekly circulation of over 61,000 and was delivered free of charge to homes throughout the cities of Sugar Land, Missouri City, and much of Fort Bend County. It published every Wednesday
| 64 |
Fort Bend Sun
| 0 |
10,071,222 |
# Phosphorylation cascade
A **phosphorylation cascade** is a sequence of signaling pathway events where one enzyme phosphorylates another, causing a chain reaction leading to the phosphorylation of thousands of proteins. This can be seen in signal transduction of hormone messages. A signaling pathway begins at the cell surface where a hormone or protein binds to a receptor at the extracellular matrix. The interactions between the molecule and receptor cause a conformational change at the receptor, which activates multiple enzymes or proteins. These enzymes activate secondary messengers, which leads to the phosphorylation of thousands of proteins. The end product of a phosphorylation cascade is the changes occurring inside the cell. These cascades work to amplify the signal where binding of one extracellular ligand can activate thousands of proteins downstream since these are allosterically regulated enzymes that make many products, amplifying the signal.
## MAP/ERK Phosphorylation Cascade {#maperk_phosphorylation_cascade}
An example of a signaling pathway that uses phosphorylation cascades is with the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase or ERK kinase. To activate this kinase, an epidermal growth factor must bind to the epidermal growth factor receptor at the extracellular domain, causing a conformational change to the receptor tyrosine kinase that activates it and results in dimerization and autophosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues. This allows for the binding of the adaptor protein GRB2 with its SH2 domain, which recognizes the phosphorylated tyrosines. A pair of SH3 domains on the adaptor protein will recruit the SOS protein by recognition of proline-containing consensus sequences. SOS will subsequently act as a GEF protein to catalyze the exchange of GDP to GTP on the Ras GTPase. Activated Ras-GTP now activates the Raf Kinase enzyme which will phosphorylate MEK enzymes, which in turn phosphorylate MAP/ERK kinases, which continue to phosphorylate other enzymes to regulate their activity and lead to regulation of gene expression. MAP kinase not only plays an important function during growth of cell in the M phase phosphorylation cascade but also plays an important role during the sequence of signaling pathway. In order to regulate its functions so it does not cause chaos, it can only be active when both tyrosine and threonine/serine residues are phosphorylated.
## Cancer
Tumor cells may possess mutations in key receptors related to cell division and growth. A loss in the ability to properly regulate these receptors and the phosphorylation cascades they result in is deleterious to the organism. Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) bind to their fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) and lead to activation of multiple signaling pathways by phosphorylation cascades to result in proliferation, differentiation and survival of the cell. Mutations or gene fusions with these receptors leads to a loss of regulation of the intracellular enzymes, resulting in excessive proliferation which drives tumor growth. Similarly, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) bind to their vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) leads to activation of similar pathways along with those that lead to increased vessel permeability and angiogenesis. This is normally regulated by hypoxic conditions, but cancer cells can bypass this to stimulate vessel growth when not appropriate to aid in tumor growth. Targeting and inhibiting these receptors and they cascades they initiate has been an effective means of battling some cancers and even with its great developments is a very active area of research
| 545 |
Phosphorylation cascade
| 0 |
10,071,314 |
# Zane Lamprey
**Zane Lamprey** (born April 2, 1972 in Syracuse, New York, United States) is a comedian, actor, editor, producer, and writer for television and movies.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Lamprey grew up in Syracuse and attended SUNY Cortland, where he majored in fine arts and minored in theatre.
In 2008, Lamprey and then wife Jennifer Roa divorced. In 2012 he married Melissa (Mel) Schilling.
## Career
Early in his career he worked on several projects for Comedy Central, VH1 and Nickelodeon. He was also a cast member on MTV\'s *Damage Control* and host of VH1\'s reality show *Motormouth*.
He is best known for hosting *Three Sheets*, which ran on MOJO HD from 2006 through 2008, Fine Living channel in 2009 and the Travel Channel in 2010. He also hosted *Have Fork, Will Travel*, which previously ran on Food Network, a show similar to *Three Sheets* focusing on local food and eating customs. The February/March 2009 of *Mutineer Magazine* featured an extensive interview with Zane Lamprey, which highlighted Lamprey\'s views of fine beverage and the evolution of *Three Sheets*. Zane Lamprey appeared on the April/May 2009 cover of *Mutineer Magazine*, which also featured an exclusive behind the scenes look at *Three Sheets* with photos from Lamprey\'s personal collection.
After *Three Sheets*, Zane Lamprey created *Drinking Made Easy*, a similar drinking and traveling show focused on American bars and drinks. *Drinking Made Easy* ran on AXS TV for three seasons and a total of 62 episodes until 2013. After the show\'s end, Zane and his loyal fans joined together to create a new crowd-funded travel and drinking show known as *Chug*. After raising \$591,804, six hour-long episodes were created and was expected to be released in 2014.
| 287 |
Zane Lamprey
| 0 |
10,071,314 |
# Zane Lamprey
## Media projects {#media_projects}
### *Three Sheets* {#three_sheets}
Lamprey\'s first television project was an international travelogue/pub crawl series which initially aired on MOJO HD named *Three Sheets*. The format of the show featured Lamprey traveling abroad learning about the origin of regional drinks and their drinking customs.
After MOJO HD ceased operations and went off the air on December 1, 2008, Zane worked to find a network to pick up *Three Sheets*. Several networks were approached about purchasing the series, including the successor to the MOJO HD network, the Screaming Flea Productions.
On December 16, 2008, Lamprey hosted a rally to generate awareness of *Three Sheets* in an attempt to garner interest from other networks. The rally took place in Los Angeles, California and attracted approximately 400 people. A second rally on December 18, 2008 in New York City brought around 700 people. The chairman of HDNet, Mark Cuban was in attendance at the New York rally and expressed interest in acquiring the show.
On May 2, 2009 Zane announced that the Fine Living Network (FLN) had purchased *Three Sheets*. *Three Sheets* was originally to begin airing on FLN on Friday May 29, 2009 at 11:00pm and 11:30pm, but delays in the closure of the deal resulted in the premiere of the first two episodes of the nineteen-episode season being pushed to June 5, 2009.
However, on June 2, 2009, Lamprey reported that the deal was still not complete. On June 22, FLN finally made the official announcement that *Three Sheets* would begin airing July 20, 2009 and would air new episodes each Monday with rerun episodes scheduled to run Tuesday through Friday. Lamprey said on his website that the likelihood of the show being picked up for a fifth season would depend on the ratings of Season 4, with a focus on the ratings of the premiere.
In October 2009, it was announced that FLN would be re-branded as Cooking Channel, with content similar to their sister channel Food Network. *Three Sheets* was canceled from the re-branded network and Lamprey again began the search for a new network. Lamprey did find a home for *Three Sheets* on the Travel Channel for a brief stint in 2010 when fans flooded the Travel Channel\'s official Facebook page with support for the show. After one month, Travel Channel dropped *Three Sheets* from its lineup.
In February 2011, *Three Sheets* again found a home on a new network with Spike TV. Spike aired the first seven episodes of the third season that originally aired on FLN, but no further episodes have been shown since. Despite being absent from the television network, *Three Sheets* was still listed on Spike TV\'s official website as late as November 2014
| 456 |
Zane Lamprey
| 1 |
10,071,316 |
# Hassan Hakmoun
**Hassan Hakmoun** (*حسن حكمون*) (born 16 September 1963) is a Moroccan musician who specializes in the Gnawa style.
## Early life {#early_life}
Hakmoun was born to a family of musicians who introduced him to the musical world of the Gnawa. By age four, he performed alongside great masters of the Gnawa all over Morocco (including king of the Gnawa genre, master Sam) and in Casablanca for Lila. His mother is known throughout the city as a mystic healer. At the age of fourteen he became Master of Gnawa music.
## Early life {#early_life_1}
Hakmoun began learning Gnawa music from his mother, a mystic healer in Marrakesh who organizes derdeba trance ceremonies, which are often all-night affairs involving hypnotic playing and chanting to exorcise spirits. Hakmoun witnessed his first trance ceremony at the young age of four. He proceeded to study Gnawa music after a musical ceremony that healed his sister Mina Hakmoun.`{{fact|date=August 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
He eventually chose the sintir as his main instrument, a three-stringed lute with a body made of camel skin stretched over nutwood. The strings of the sintir are pitched low, enabling the instrument to serve as the bass foundation much like the Western string bass, while its tone is sweet, making it well-suited to carry the melodic line of a composition. By drumming on the body of the instrument, Hakmoun added his own percussion while contributing vocals, thereby creating a unique foundation for his musical explorations and growth. By the age of fourteen, he was an established musician performing at Gnawa lila ceremonies with his own ensemble. Today, Hakmoun is known as the godfather of Gnawa music.`{{fact|date=August 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
| 274 |
Hassan Hakmoun
| 0 |
10,071,316 |
# Hassan Hakmoun
## Career
### Later career {#later_career}
Hakmoun made his U.S. debut in 1987 at Lincoln Center in New York City with Etian and Blanca Lee\''s Trio Gna & Nomadas dance group. He subsequently relocated to New York where he was received by artists such as composer and producer Richard Horowitz and Peter Gabriel. He became a fixture in New York's rock, jazz and fusion scenes, spanning multiple genres.
In 1989 Hakmoun became part of the group Magmouat Hakmoun with his brother Said and relatives Mohammed Bechar and Abdel Hok Dahmad. Later that year, with help from Robert Browning and the World Music Institute, Hakmoun produced and released his debut album *Fire Within*. He recorded his second album, \"Gift of the Gnawa\" with Adam Rudolph and jazz trumpeter Don Cherry in 1991.
Hakmoun began to expand his musical range, adding American sounds to the Moroccan form. This led him to form the group Zahar, meaning 'luck', whose music fused elements of rock and jazz with African styles. With the ensemble, Hakmoun recorded his first album featuring electric instruments and continued to perform around New York City. One such instance occurred during a performance at the Knitting Factory, whose audience members included Miles Davis, and Daniel Lanois, who proceeded to introduce Hakmoun to an important future collaborator, pop musician Peter Gabriel.
In 1992 Hakmoun joined Gabriel's WOMAD, founded in 1980. Hakmoun released another album, *Trance*, at Gabriel\'s Real World Studios in Bath, England. From Bath, Hakmoun toured Europe, the Middle East and the U.S. along with other WOMAD artists, including performing under the group\'s auspices at the Woodstock 94 festival in 1994.
His albums *Fire Within*, *Gift of the Gnawa* and *Trance* topped the charts for World Music Albums, World Music Charts Europe, New World and CMJ's Radio Top 150 and were selected by *Rolling Stone* as one of the \"Hot Picks of '94. His powerful performances and sounds also resulted in letters of admiration from former New York City Mayor David Dinkins, television host Jay Leno and saxophonist David Sanborn, as well as from executives at the *New York Times* and the British Broadcasting Corporation.
### 2002 - present
In 2002 Hakmoun teamed up with American-born producer Fabian Alsultany to record a new album, *The Gift*. The album included the release of the single, \"This Gift,\" a duet with Grammy-winning singer-songwriter Paula Cole. In 2003 *The Gift* received an INDIE award for \"Best Contemporary World Music Recording\" from the Association for Independent Music (AFIM).
In addition to producing his own albums, Hakmoun has contributed to other artist's recordings, adding to such projects as \"Caravan\" for Dee Dee Bridgewater's album *Prelude To A Kiss*, Ozomatli's *Street Sings*, which won the award for \"Best Alternative Music Album\" at the Latin Grammy Awards in 2005 and \"Lovelight\" for Paula Cole's *Courage* in 2007.
Hakmoun has also composed and recorded for several films such as *Rendezvous in Samarkand* directed by Tim Bridwell, *The Past and the Present of Djemma El Fna* by Steve Montgomery and the documentary *Footsteps in Africa*. Hakmoun appeared in several movies as an actor, dancer and musician, including Disney's *Jungle 2 Jungle* in 1997 and *Rollerball* by John McTiernan in 2002.
Today Hakmoun continues to record and perform in major festivals and venues around the globe, as well as give master workshops in universities. Hakmoun subsequently began a project in collaboration with other percussive dancers to create a new style of Gnawa dance.`{{fact|date=August 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Hakmoun was married to Lynne Francisco in 1987. They had a son. In June 2002, Hakmoun married fellow musician Paula Cole. They had a daughter. Hakmoun met Cole on the Peter Gabriel \"Secret World Live\" tour in 1994. The couple divorced in 2007
| 623 |
Hassan Hakmoun
| 1 |
10,071,353 |
# List of Catholic missions in Africa
This is a **list of Roman Catholic missions in Africa**.
- Augustinians of the Assumption
- Carmelites
- Catholic Medical Mission Board
- Catholic Missions of Africa Kenya
- Catholic Near East Welfare Association
- Catholic Relief Services
- Catholic World Missions
- Columban Missions
- Cross International Catholic Outreach
- Franciscan Missions
- Hospitaler Bros. St. John of God Missions
- International Catholic Migration Commission
- Jesuits
- Mary\''s Meals
- Mercy Corps
- Missionaries of Africa
- Missionaries of the Poor
- Missionary Oblates
- Missionary Sisters of Mary Immaculate
- Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa
- Missionary Society of St
| 112 |
List of Catholic missions in Africa
| 0 |
10,071,362 |
# Shenton
**Shenton** is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Dadlington and Sutton Cheney, in the Hinckley and Bosworth district, in the county of Leicestershire, England, situated 2.20 mi south-west of Market Bosworth. Shenton was formerly a chapelry and township of the parish of Market Bosworth. The settlement is almost entirely agricultural, containing several farms. Much of the land has been in the same family since William Wollaston purchased the manor in 1625. It is essentially a privately owned estate village and has seen comparatively little modern development. It has been designated a conservation area. The settlement lies either side of the Sence Brook, which is crossed by a picturesque Victorian bridge. The area is fairly flat, and subject to flooding. In 1931 the parish had a population of 154.
## Shenton Hall {#shenton_hall}
The hall has a fine gatehouse dated 1629, and a large, listed dovecote of 1719 within the hall grounds, close to the stable block. The main hall is a Grade II\* listed building and was enlarged in the 19th century. The hall itself was sold by the Wollaston family following government requisition during the Second World War, but most of the estate land in the settlement and the surrounding farmland, was not sold.
## The Church {#the_church}
The Church of St John the Evangelist is a Grade II\* listed building and is part of Market Bosworth Benefice. It was rebuilt by the Wollaston family in about 1860. Admiral Sir Alexander Dundas Young Arbuthnott is buried in the churchyard and the 17th-century memorial to William Wollaston was moved into the church.
## History
Shenton is close to the site of the Battle of Bosworth, which took place south-west of Market Bosworth. It is one of the four settlements named by the early 17th century historian and local man, William Burton (of Lindley), to define the area of the battlefield. Some of the estate was subject to intensive archaeological surveying in recent years as part of the project to locate the site of the battlefield. The first, highly significant, find of round shot was made just west of Mill Lane, which leads from Shenton to Fenn Lanes Roman road. The Ashby Canal passes to the east of the village and the road to Sutton Cheney and Market Bosworth passes beneath it through a narrow aqueduct tunnel. By the 1870s, the chapelry as it was known then listed 42 houses, along with 206 residents.
Shenton became a parish in 1866, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Sutton Cheney.
Shenton Train station lies some way from the village on the Sutton Cheney side, east of the canal. It is the southern terminus of the preserved Battlefield Line Railway, which runs to Shenton from Shackerstone. This is a section of what was originally the Ashby to Nuneaton railway line, opened in 1873. The station is located at the foot of Ambion Hill and is actually the reconstructed Humberstone Road Station from Leicester. The original Shenton station was demolished in the 1940s, except for a small lamp room that now serves as the Station Pottery
| 523 |
Shenton
| 0 |
10,071,372 |
# Elena V. Pitjeva
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ **Elena Vladimirovna Pitjeva** (Елена Владимировна Питьева) is a Russian astronomer working at the Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. She has published over 100 articles, as listed in Google Scholar and the Astrophysics Data System in the field of solar system dynamics and celestial mechanics.
She began employment activity as an engineer-observer at the Astrophysical observation station of the Astronomical Observatory of Leningrad State University in Byurakan (Armenia). Then Pitjeva worked at the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy of the USSA Academy of Science and the Institute Applied Astronomy RAS since the date of its foundation in 1988 as researcher and senior researcher. At present she is head of the Laboratory of Ephemeris Astronomy of this institute.
Major research interests of Pitjeva include the construction of numerical ephemerides of the planets, the determination of the planets\' and asteroids\' masses, the parameters of planet rotation and planetary topography, the solar corona and oblateness and general relativity testing. She is one of creators of the numerical Ephemerides of Planets and the Moon (EPM) of IAA RAS that originated in the seventies of the past century and have been developed since that time. The version of the EPM2004 ephemeris has been adopted as the ephemeris basis of Russian Astronomical Yearbook since 2006. The updated EPM2008 ephemerides are available to outside users via ftp.
The works of Pitjeva have recently been used by several scientists to test several models of modified gravity in the Solar System. Pitjeva has also contributed to a better understanding an influence of asteroids and Trans-Neptunian Objects on the planets\' motion. Recently Pitjeva collaborated with E. Myles Standish and proposed to the IAU Working Group on Numerical Standards for Fundamental Astronomy (NSFA) the values of the masses of the three largest asteroids, the Moon-Earth mass ratio and the astronomical unit in meters, mainly obtained while fitting the constructed DE (JPL) and EPM (IAA RAS) planet ephemerides. These values have been adopted by the 27 General Assembly of International Astronomical Union as Current Best Estimates as the IAU (2009) System of Astronomical Constants. Pitjeva is a member of the International Astronomical Union: OC of Commission 4 "Ephemerides", Commission 52 "Relativity in Fundamental Astronomy" IAU WG NSFA.",
## Education
Pitjeva graduated from the Faculty of Mathematical and Mechanical at Leningrad State University in 1972 in the specialty of astronomy. Pitjeva gained her PhD in the field of \"Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics\" in 1994, with the thesis "Improvement of ephemerides of the major planets and determination of some astronomical constants by radar observations\", and earned the Doctor of Science degree, the highest (after PhD) scientific degree in Russia, with the thesis \"Construction of high-precision ephemerides of the major planets and determination of some astronomical constants\", in 2005. Pitjeva is a pupil of Georgij A. Krasinsky and Victor A. Brumberg.
## Publications (selection) {#publications_selection}
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
## Bibliometric information {#bibliometric_information}
According to the NASA ADS database, the h-index of E.V. Pitjeva is 9, with a total number of citations (self-citations excluded) equal to 316
| 516 |
Elena V. Pitjeva
| 0 |
10,071,379 |
# Der Sozialdemokrat
***Der Sozialdemokrat*** was a German socialist publication. It was founded by Jean Baptista von Schweitzer. The first issue was published in Zurich on 28 September 1867.
Due to the Anti-Socialist Laws, the publication had to be distributed illegally into Germany. It was printed in London from 1887
| 50 |
Der Sozialdemokrat
| 0 |
10,071,464 |
# Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters
The **Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters** is located in Boca Raton, Florida and is one of the ten academic colleges of Florida Atlantic University. The D.F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters is made up by several centers and schools focused on the humanities, social sciences, and liberal arts. It offers degrees at the undergraduate and graduate levels.
## Background
By 2003, the College was officially recognized for its namesake, the Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters. It currently offers 18 academic programs, including 26 bachelor\'s degrees, 17 minors, 12 certificate programs, and 20 graduate degrees. As of 2023, Dr. Michael J. Horswell (Ph.D., University of Maryland) serves as Dean of the College.
As one of the larger colleges that makes up Florida Atlantic University, the D.F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters hosts some of the university\'s more prominent programs. This includes the Leon Charney Diplomacy Program and the 500-seat University Theatre located on the Boca Raton campus. In 2020, Florida Atlantic University opened the Avron B. Fogelman Sports Museum, the university\'s first sports museum, under the purview of the D.F. Schmidt College of Arts & Letters. The museum gained local popularity since its collection includes memorabilia from Babe Ruth, Kobe Bryant, and Tiger Woods.
## Offerings & Departments {#offerings_departments}
### Offerings
Source:
The College awards the following degrees:
**Undergraduate**
- Bachelor of Arts
- Bachelor of Architecture
- Bachelor of Fine Arts
- Bachelor of Music
- Bachelor of Music Education
- Bachelor of Public Management
- Bachelor of Public Safety Administration
**Graduate**
- Master of Arts
- Master of Fine Arts
- Master of Music
- Master of Public Administration
- Master of Nonprofit Management
- Master of Arts in Teaching
- Doctor of Philosophy
In addition to degree programs, the College offers a number of non-degree programs including certificates and professional development
| 320 |
Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters
| 0 |
10,071,488 |
# Padmanath Gohain Baruah
**Padmanath Gohain Baruah** (1871--1946) was the first president of Asam Sahitya Sabha and a prominent name in the early part of modern Assamese literature. He was a novelist, poet, dramatist of excellence, analyst and a thought provoking writer. Considering his towering personality and profound knowledge, he is regarded as the \"Pitamaha\" (great grandfather) in Assamese literary world. In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the Assamese literature and society, the British government gave him Raibahadur title, a rare honour conferred for the first time to an Assamese person. He was also the first literary pensioner of Assam.
## Early life {#early_life}
Padmanath Gohain Baruah was born in 1871 at Nakari village in North Lakhimpur. He was first Ahom member of Assam Legislative council. He started schooling in a Bengali medium school at his birthplace. He went to Calcutta in the last part of the 19th century to pursue higher education. His voyage started off as he became an active member of Asomiya Bhasar Unnati Sadhini Sabha, established by a number of Assamese students for the uplifting of Assamese language and literature. However, Gohain Baruah could not complete his BA examination as he found Latin very difficult to master. In those days the Indian students were expected to study an ancient language for their BA course, and Padmanath, who had not learned Sanskrit in his Bangla medium school, had opted for Latin. Failing to complete his graduation, Padmanath started preparing for Bachelor of Law examination, but was barred from appearing in the exam for being underage. Thus, although he had failed to acquire a formal degree in Calcutta, his years there had a very formative influence upon him. It was there that he came into contact with the contemporary stalwarts of the Assamese literature like Gunabhiram Baruah, Hemchandra Goswami, his senior fellow student Lakshminath Bezbarua etc. Moreover, it was Calcutta that he was inspired with a sense of duty towards his nation.
His return to his homeland witnessed his dedication for the noble cause of the uplift of his mother tongue and he went on to write a number of books in various styles and forms.
| 359 |
Padmanath Gohain Baruah
| 0 |
10,071,488 |
# Padmanath Gohain Baruah
## Literary career {#literary_career}
Padmanath with his friend Panindranath Gogoi wrote a number of textbooks in Assamese language. But untimely death of Panindranath led Padmanath to complete the mission alone. To meet the necessities of the Assamese students and teachers he wrote a number of textbooks on history, geography, moral science, teachers hand book and a book on physical exercise including life and works of many stalwarts of Assamese Society. He also edited \'Jivani Sangrah\', a rare book in Assamese literature.
He has immense contributions to the domain of Assamese language and literature. He is also revered as a founder of modern Assamese novel. His novel \'Bhanumoti\', published in 1890 is the first Assamese novel. From literary point of view it is regarded as the first Assamese novel. His other novel is \'Lahori\' (1892).
As a playwright Padmanath was comparable to none in Assamese drama and theatre. He wrote a number of dramas on local plots and events. Picking up a number of glorious chapters from Assam history he wrote historical dramas like *Joymoti*, *Gadadhar*, *Lachit Borphukan* and *Sadhani*. On the basis of the legendary love story of Usha and Aniruddha he wrote a mythological drama called *Ban Raja*. In his social drama \'Gaonburha\' he neatly described the economic condition of Assamese people under the British rule. His comedy *Teton Tamuli* and *Bhoot Ne Bhram* created spontaneous overflow of laughter among the readers and audiences. He is also credited to have written a monumental work: *Sri Krishna*. He has presented Lord Krishna as a multi faceted personality.
Gohain Baruah was also a poet. His poetical works include 'Jurani' (contains 22 sonnets), \'Leela\' and \'Fulor Chaneki\'. The skilful poetical descriptions of landscapes in \'Leela\' are very much beautiful, touchy and sober.
The first session of Asam Sahitya Sabha was held on 26 December 1917 in Sivasagar under his presidency.
## Journalistic career {#journalistic_career}
A flag carrier of journalism progress in Assam, Gohain Baruah was closely allied with a number of Assamese journals and magazines. While studying in Kolkata, he with Krishnaprasad Duwara brought out an Assamese monthly called *Bijulee*. Later he became its editor and ran it for more than three years. In 1901, he with Mathura Mohan Baruah published a weekly called *Asom Banti* from Tezpur. At a most critical period Asom Banti played a leading role in Assamese language and literature. Acting as a mouthpiece of Assamese society it brought to the focus many important issues to the British government. In 1906 Gohain Baruah published a monthly called *Usha*. Many stalwarts like Hemchandra Goswami, Satyanath Bora, Sarat Chandra Goswami etc. regularly wrote in the magazine that heralded a new era in Assamese literature
| 448 |
Padmanath Gohain Baruah
| 1 |
10,071,508 |
# Charles W. Boland
**Charles William Boland** (January 29, 1940 -- May 5, 1961) was a Canadian jockey in thoroughbred horse racing who died as a result of a racing accident.
Born in Old Chelsea, Quebec, he competed at racetracks in his native Province as well as in Ontario. Among his racing wins, in the 1960 Durham Cup Stakes at Woodbine Racetrack, Charles Boland notably rode Windy Ship to victory over the Canadian Triple Crown champion, New Providence.
On May 5, 1961, Boland was competing at Fort Erie Race Track. After winning the feature race of the day he suffered a fatal head injury during a race as a result of an accident that saw him thrown from his horse, Wyvern. The twenty-one-year-old jockey died the next day in hospital
| 130 |
Charles W. Boland
| 0 |
10,071,520 |
# Northern Parkway (Baltimore)
**Northern Parkway** is a major road that runs west--east across the northern part of the city Baltimore. For most of the way, it is at least six lanes wide, and it is used by motorists for crosstown travel. It is designated E. Northern Pkwy and W. Northern Pkwy with Charles Street being the dividing line. It was constructed in the 1950s through several neighborhoods and several homes were razed in the process from right-of-way. The section of E. Northern Pkwy from Harford Road to Fleetwood Ave was originally called German Lane.
## Route description {#route_description}
Northern Parkway starts at an at-grade intersection with Liberty Heights Avenue (MD 26) in Northwest Baltimore near the community of Lochearn. The road heads northeast as a six lane divided boulevard, passing through some residential areas before meeting Wabash Avenue. Shortly after, Northern Parkway intersects Reisterstown Road (MD 140) and Park Heights Avenue (MD 129). The road then veers northeast and intersects Pimlico Road. Afterwards, it curves east and meets I-83 (Jones Fall Expressway) at a modified partial cloverleaf interchange and meets Falls Rd (MD 25) immediately after the interchange. After its intersections with Roland Avenue and Charles Street (MD 139), Northern Parkway temporarily reduces to a four-lane undivided road. Afterwards, it meets Bellona Avenue and expands to six lanes after the intersection. Then, it meets York Road (MD 45) and Loch Raven Boulevard (MD 542), which provides access to I-695 (Baltimore Beltway). Northern Parkway veers northeast and crosses over Perring Parkway (MD 41). There is no direct access to MD 41, so missing movements are made via McLean Boulevard. Its lasts major intersections are The Alameda, Harford Road (MD 147), and Walther Avenue before splitting into two one-way streets near its eastern terminus with Bel Air Road (US 1) near Overlea, Maryland. The eastbound section becomes Fleetwood Ave at the intersection while the westbound portion remains E. Northern Parkway; however its former name was Maple Ave.
## History
Parts of E. Northern Parkway used to be Belvedere Avenue (parts of West Belvedere Avenue and East Belvedere Avenue still remain). Between 1950 and 1976, parts of Northern Parkway were expanded to six lanes with a median from Bellona Avenue east. Northern Parkway was built in various stages extending west from Old Harford Road to Hillen Road from the early 1950s to 1965. In 1973-75, work on the new section near York Road resulted in the demolition of businesses along York Road north of Belvedere Avenue, with at least one east west alley also being vacated by the city of Baltimore. The part of Northern Parkway near York Road was opened to traffic in December 1976; the section between The Alameda and Chinquapin Parkway was completed in June 1975. The original plan included for W. Northern Parkway to pass through Powder Mill park and connect to Security Blvd near the unfinished I-70 interchange in Gwynns Falls Park.
In 2011 the Television show Extreme Home Makeover built a home on a vacant corner lot in the 3800 block of Fleetwood Ave. Several production trucks were housed on E. Northern Pkwy.
## Junction list {#junction_list}
## Points of interest {#points_of_interest}
Notable Landmarks from East to West on or near W. & E. Northern Parkway include:
- Northern Parkway Jr High
- Norman Carlberg Sculpture at the entrance of Northern Parkway Junior High
- Mount Pleasant Park and Golf Course Where in 1956, Arnold Palmer secured his second win on the professional golf tour. Mount Pleasant is a Golf Digest 4-star rated golf course and was ranked 12th Best Municipal Golf Course in the United States by Golf week Magazine.
- Northern High School
- Mercy High School
- Chinquapin Park
- Senator Theater
- Gilman School
- Bryn Mawr School
- Roland Park Country School
- St. Mary\'s Seminary the first ecclesiastical faculty in the United States with the right to grant degrees in the name of the Holy See.
- The Cathedral of Mary Our Queen
- Pimlico Middle School
- Pimlico Race Course
- Polk Audio Headquarters
- Rogers Avenue Metro Subway Station
- Sinai Hospital
## Public transportation {#public_transportation}
There is no single bus line that travels the entire length of Northern Parkway. However, there are buses operating on various portions of the route, operated by the Maryland Transit Administration.
From Reisterstown Road to York Road, service is provided by Route 44. Route 36 operates from York Road to The Alameda, and Route 55 from McLean Boulevard to Belair Road, and Route 58 operates the longest distance of all, serving all points east of Falls Road. All other areas of Northern Parkway are within a close walk of a bus line.
In addition, there are many lines that either cross or operate on small portions of Northern Parkway. These include Routes 1, 3, 8, 11, 15, 19, 27, 52, 53, 54, 61, and 91.
The Rogers Avenue Metro Subway Station is located near Northern Parkway, and the Mt. Washington Light Rail Stop is about a mile away.
Route 66 once operated along Northern Parkway from Springlake Way to Belair Road, but this was eliminated in 1993. Route M-8 ran along Northern Parkway from Wabash Avenue to Liberty Road until it was rerouted in 2005
| 873 |
Northern Parkway (Baltimore)
| 0 |
10,071,541 |
# Back to the Heavyweight Jam
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 78, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Finland|3|artist=Scooter|album=Back to the Heavyweight Jam|rowheader=true}}
^
``
| 25 |
Back to the Heavyweight Jam
| 0 |
10,071,566 |
# Canadian Vickers Varuna
The **Canadian Vickers Varuna** was a Canadian flying boat of the 1920s built by Canadian Vickers as a twin-engined, unequal-span biplane, with a wooden hull and steel tube structure.
## Design and development {#design_and_development}
The Varuna was developed in response to a Royal Canadian Air Force requirement for a flying boat to transport men and equipment to forest fires. It was a large-scale twin-engined version of the Vedette.
## Operational history {#operational_history}
Most Varunas spent their service in Manitoba operating in their intended role; all Varuna IIs were withdrawn in 1930 and the sole Varuna I was struck off in 1932
## Variants
- **Varuna I** - with Wright J-6 Whirlwind radial engines, one built.
- **Varuna II** - with Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IV radial engines
| 130 |
Canadian Vickers Varuna
| 0 |
10,071,575 |
# History of Ipswich Town F.C.
Ipswich Town Football Club is an English association football club based in Ipswich, Suffolk, which was formed in 1878. The side played amateur football until 1936 when the club turned professional and was elected to the Southern League. Ipswich Town were elected into the Third Division South of the Football League in place of Gillingham on 30 May 1938.
The club experienced league success during the early 1960s under the guidance of Alf Ramsey, winning the First Division title in 1961--62, one season after winning promotion from the Second Division. Two decades later, under the guidance of Bobby Robson, the club achieved success both in the FA Cup in 1978 and in European competition, winning the UEFA Cup in 1981.
Success at Ipswich for Ramsey and Robson led to both men managing the England national football team. Under Ramsey, England won the World Cup in 1966, and Robson led the team to fourth place at the 1990 World Cup.
## Foundation to professionalism: 1878--1936 {#foundation_to_professionalism_18781936}
The club was founded on 16 October 1878 as an amateur side known as Ipswich AFC, under the presidency of local MP Thomas Cobbold who had played football at Charterhouse School. George S Sherrington & J. M. Franks were elected joint Captains. Ipswich AFC\'s first match was a 6--1 home victory over Stoke Wanderers at the Broom Hill ground on 2 November 1878. This was followed by a 2--0 victory over Harwich in the club\'s first away match. Losing only one game in seventeen in its second season, the club was able to build enough interest to enroll players for a second team. Ipswich recorded their biggest ever victory during the 1880--81 season, a 15--0 defeat of East Stamford with one player, John Knights, registering a treble hat trick; both achievements remain club records. The team moved to Portman Road, the current ground, in 1884, and would share, until 1936, the facilities with the East Suffolk Cricket Club who had played there since 1855. The Cobbold family involvement continued when, in 1885, Nathanael Fromanteel Cobbold was elected as a vice-president of the club. Following his sudden death the following year, the position was then held by his nephew John Dupuis Cobbold.
The club won their first trophy in the 1886--87 season, triumphing 2--1 against a team representing Ipswich School in the final of the Suffolk Challenge Cup. In 1888 the club merged with Ipswich Rugby Club to form Ipswich Town F.C. In 1890, the club entered the qualifying rounds of the FA Cup for the first time and was knocked out in the final qualifying round by the 93rd Highlanders. The club experienced scant success in the Cup during the 1890s but won a number of local cup competitions, including the Suffolk Senior Cup and the Ipswich Charity Cup. Having received invitations to join from both the Southern League and the Norfolk & Suffolk League, Ipswich joined the latter in the 1899--1900 season, finishing fourth in their first league season. They were league runners-up in 1902--03. In 1903 they also entered a team into the new South East Anglian League and were its inaugural champions. They left the South East Anglian League in 1906, but continued playing in the Norfolk & Suffolk League.
In 1907, Ipswich became founder members of the Southern Amateur League. The club narrowly avoided relegation in many of the following seasons, and suffered a club record 15--1 defeat at the hands of the Corinthians at Portman Road on New Year\'s Day, 1910. The outbreak of the First World War and the commandeering of Portman Road by the Army curtailed the 1914--15 season and organised football did not return until the 1920--21 season. Just one year later, Ipswich Town became champions of the Southern Amateur League, clinching the title on the last day of the season. The club won the league a further three times, in 1929--30, 1932--33 and 1933--34, before becoming founder members of the Eastern Counties Football League at the end of the 1934--35 season.
| 671 |
History of Ipswich Town F.C.
| 0 |
10,071,575 |
# History of Ipswich Town F.C.
## Early Football League: 1936--1955 {#early_football_league_19361955}
right\|thumb\|upright=1.3\|League positions since 1938--39 season In 1936, local businessman Leonard P. Thompson threatened to lead a breakaway from the amateur club to create an entirely separate professional club, Ipswich United. John Murray Cobbold, the club President, called together rival factions for a meeting at the Town Hall on 1 May 1936, at which it was agreed that Ipswich Town should turn professional. The club was unanimously elected to the Southern League for the 1936--37 season and former Irish international footballer Mick O\'Brien was appointed as the club\'s first professional manager.
The club\'s first professional game at Portman Road resulted in a 4--1 win against Tunbridge Wells Rangers and the club went on to win the Southern League in their debut season. O\'Brien left after just one season following the death of his wife. Ipswich Town were managerless until 10 November 1936 when the club appointed Scott Duncan, who had left recently relegated Manchester United. He led Ipswich to third place in the 1937--38 season.
Ipswich Town were elected to The Football League on 30 May 1938 by a margin of just two votes, at the expense of Gillingham, initially playing in the Third Division South. The club\'s last competitive match before the league was suspended due to the Second World War was a 1--1 draw with local rivals, Norwich City. Both John Murray Cobbold and director Robert Nevill Cobbold were killed during the war, the position of director being filled by John Cavendish Cobbold in 1948. Despite the interruption due to the war, Duncan managed the club for over 500 games between 1937 and 1955. Following three successive top-eight finishes, the 1949--50 season ended with Ipswich in 17th position in the Third Division South, the club\'s lowest ever league finish.
During the early 1950s striker Tom Garneys finished as club top-scorer for four seasons in a row, and became the first professional Ipswich player to score four times in a game. During this period, Ipswich won the title and promotion to the Second Division in the 1953--54 season, during which eight consecutive wins were recorded. The club was relegated back to the Third Division South the following year at the end of a poor season, the highlight of which was progress to the fifth round of the FA Cup, a run ended by First Division Preston North End. Duncan resigned but stayed on at the club in a secretarial role for a further three years. His replacement was a managerial novice, former England international and double Championship winner at Tottenham Hotspur, Alf Ramsey.
| 435 |
History of Ipswich Town F.C.
| 1 |
10,071,575 |
# History of Ipswich Town F.C.
## Ramsey and champions of England: 1955--69 {#ramsey_and_champions_of_england_195569}
Alf Ramsey\'s appointment led Billy Wright to comment, \"In appointing Alf to become their manager Ipswich Town paid a tremendous tribute to intelligent football -- and footballers who think!\" In Ramsey\'s first season at the club, Ipswich scored 106 goals in 46 games and finished third in Division Three (South). The following season, 1956--57, the club won the Third Division South title for the second time and saw the emergence of local striker Ted Phillips who scored 46 times during the season; this remains the highest number of goals scored by an Ipswich player in a season. During the same season, Ipswich played under floodlights for the first time, at Coventry City in September 1956. At the end of that season that John Cavendish Cobbold was appointed as the club\'s chairman. Three seasons of mid-table finishes followed as Ipswich established themselves in the Second Division, along with moderate success in the FA Cup, most notably reaching the fifth round in the 1958--59 season.
Ipswich had their most successful season to that point in 1960--61, winning the Second Division and promotion to the top level of English football, ahead of Sheffield United and Liverpool. In the top flight, Ipswich became champions of the Football League at the first attempt in 1961--62, with Ray Crawford joint English and European top scorer with Derek Kevan of West Bromwich Albion. Matt Busby described the title-winners as \"\... one of the First Division\'s most attractive sides \...\". As English league champions, Ipswich qualified for European football for the first time. They met Maltese side Floriana in the European Cup, defeating them 14--1 on aggregate in the first round before losing to A.C. Milan in the second round; it would be another 11 years before the club would qualify for Europe again. Ramsey quit the club in April 1963 to take charge of the England national football team, and Ipswich finished only four places above relegation in the 1962--63 season. To commemorate Ramsey\'s success at the club, a statue of him was unveiled outside Portman Road in 2000 by Ray Crawford.
Ramsey was replaced by Jackie Milburn, under whose leadership fortunes on the pitch declined. Two years after winning the league title, Ipswich dropped into the Second Division in 1963--64, conceding 121 league goals in 42 games, still the highest number of goals conceded by Ipswich in a season. Patrick Mark Cobbold, John\'s brother, joined the board of directors in 1964 and their mother, Lady Blanche Cobbold, became honorary president of the club. Milburn quit after just one full season and was replaced by Bill McGarry early in the 1964--65 season. The club remained in the Second Division for four years until McGarry guided Ipswich to promotion in the 1967--68 season, winning the division by a single point ahead of Queens Park Rangers. McGarry left to manage Wolves and was replaced by Bobby Robson in January 1969.
| 495 |
History of Ipswich Town F.C.
| 2 |
10,071,575 |
# History of Ipswich Town F.C.
## Robson and Europe: 1969--82 {#robson_and_europe_196982}
Bobby Robson\'s appointment followed a chance encounter with Ipswich director Murray Sangster while scouting at Portman Road for Chelsea manager Dave Sexton. Robson had some experience of management from his time at Fulham, although he had been sacked after failing to avoid relegation from the Second Division. Robson\'s sides finished 18th and 19th in his first two seasons at Ipswich, but he kept the team in the top division, before finding greater success. Robson led the club to fourth place in the First Division and success in the Texaco Cup, beating local rivals Norwich City 4--2, in the 1972--73 season.
The fourth-place finish meant Ipswich qualified for the 1973--74 UEFA Cup. In the first round, they were drawn against six-time European champions Real Madrid. Following a 1--0 victory at Portman Road, Ipswich needed to defend their slim lead. Ipswich captain Mick Mills was reported in the Spanish press suggesting that \"El Real no es invincible\" (\"Real are not invincible\") and a 0--0 draw at the Bernabéu secured Ipswich\'s shock passage into the second round. The club fell at the quarter-final stage but fourth place in the league enabled Ipswich to return to the tournament in the following season.
In the 1974--75 season, Ipswich finished third in the First Division and were losing semi-finalists in the FA Cup. Suffering from cancer and becoming less able to carry out his duties as chairman, John Cobbold swapped roles with director Patrick Cobbold in 1976. In the 1975--76 season Ipswich finished sixth of the league, and in October 1976, they signed Paul Mariner from Plymouth for a club record £220,000. The team challenged Liverpool for the First Division title for much of the 1976--77 season, going top of the table in February 1977 with a 5--0 defeat of Norwich City in the East Anglian derby. Mariner\'s efforts helped the club to a third-place finish, and the following season, he scored seven goals in the FA Cup as the club won the second major honour in its history, Roger Osborne scoring the winning goal in a 1--0 victory over Arsenal in the FA Cup Final at Wembley Stadium. The club\'s league fortunes dipped dramatically during the season finishing 18th, just three points above the relegation places, but the team reached the third round of the UEFA Cup, where they beat Barcelona 3--0 at Portman Road; Barcelona won the second leg 3--0, Johan Cruyff scoring twice, and Ipswich went out on penalties. The team\'s FA Cup success secured qualification for the 1978--79 European Cup Winners\' Cup, where they reached the quarter-finals, again losing to Barcelona. Over the next two seasons Robson brought Dutchmen Arnold Mühren and Frans Thijssen to the club while the team achieved two further top six finishes in the First Division. However, it was the 1980--81 season which, in Robson\'s words, \"\... helped put Ipswich on the map \...\". The club finished second in the league once more and were losing semi-finalists in the FA Cup, but the real success of the season was victory in the UEFA Cup. Beating Michel Platini\'s AS Saint-Étienne 4--1 at the Stade Geoffroy-Guichard in the quarter-finals and a 2--0 aggregate victory over 1. FC Köln in the semi-final led Ipswich to the club\'s first European final, played over two legs against AZ 67 Alkmaar. A 3--0 victory at Portman Road was followed by a 4--2 defeat at the Olympic Stadium in Amsterdam, resulting in a 5--4 aggregate victory over the Dutch side.
Ipswich therefore began the 1981--82 UEFA Cup campaign as holders, but lost in the first round to Scottish opponents Aberdeen. Domestically, the club had continued success, finishing second in the First Division yet again, this time four points behind Liverpool.
Robson\'s achievements with Ipswich earned him an offer from the Football Association to become the England national coach; he declined an offer of a ten-year contract extension from Ipswich director Patrick Cobbold. On 7 July 1982, two days after England were knocked out of the 1982 World Cup, Bobby Robson left Ipswich to succeed Ron Greenwood as coach of England. During his 13-year tenure at Ipswich, Robson brought in only 14 players from other clubs, relying instead on players developed through the club\'s youth programmes. In 2002, in recognition of Robson\'s achievements with the club, a life-size statue of him was unveiled opposite the Cobbold Stand at Portman Road. On 7 July 2006, Robson was named as honorary president of Ipswich Town Football Club, the first since Lady Blanche Cobbold who had died in 1987.
| 762 |
History of Ipswich Town F.C.
| 3 |
10,071,575 |
# History of Ipswich Town F.C.
## After Robson: 1982--1995 {#after_robson_19821995}
Bobby Robson was replaced at Ipswich by his chief coach, Bobby Ferguson. Ferguson made the transition from coach to manager in July 1982, but some success in the various cup competitions was offset by an end to the high league positions the club had enjoyed under Robson. In the three seasons from 1982--83 to 1984--85, Ipswich reached the FA Cup quarter-final and League Cup semi-final in 1985, but declined in the league, finishing 9th, 12th and 17th. In the following season, the team\'s league form was even poorer, resulting in a 20th-place finish and relegation to the Second Division. Ipswich finished fifth in the Second Division in the 1986--87 season to qualify for the play-offs, but Ferguson resigned after losing to 2--1 on aggregate to Charlton Athletic.
From 1987 to 1990, Ipswich Town were managed by John Duncan, but achieved only mid-table finishes each season with the club gaining a reputation as a \"competent Second Division side\". Duncan was sacked in June 1990 and was replaced by John Lyall, whose 14-year reign as West Ham United manager had ended the previous summer. During that time the Hammers had won the FA Cup twice and finished third in the league. Lyall guided Ipswich to a mid-table finish in the 1990--91 season but a considerable improvement the following season led to winning the Second Division championship. The team was promoted to join the inaugural season of the FA Premier League.
After a good start to the season, Ipswich were in fourth place in the league in January 1993, but a dip in form during the final weeks of the season saw the club finish 16th. The next season was almost a mirror of the previous; Ipswich again made a good start, followed by a late slump in results. The club only avoided relegation when Sheffield United suffered a last-gasp 3--2 defeat at Chelsea on the final day of the season. Lyall was sacked as Ipswich manager in December 1994 with the club at the bottom of the Premiership. His successor George Burley was unable to turn things around and Ipswich suffered a \"humiliating\" 9--0 defeat at Manchester United in early March, the biggest margin in a Premiership match. Relegation was confirmed soon afterwards and Ipswich ended the season having conceded 93 goals in 42 league games. Patrick Cobbold had left his role as club chairman in 1991, handing his position to John Kerr. His brother had died in 1983 and Patrick died suddenly in 1994, but the Cobbold connection continued when Patrick and John\'s nephew Major Philip William Hope-Cobbold joined the board in 1995.
| 443 |
History of Ipswich Town F.C.
| 4 |
10,071,575 |
# History of Ipswich Town F.C.
## Europe, administration and Championship regulars: 1995--2018 {#europe_administration_and_championship_regulars_19952018}
Having served on the board of directors since 1986, David Sheepshanks was appointed as club chairman in 1995. The next four seasons brought near-misses as the club flirted with promotion; in 1995--96, Ipswich fell one place short of the First Division play-off zone, and the ensuing three seasons brought successive semi-final play-off defeats. In 2000, Ipswich qualified for the Division One play-off final, the last such match at Wembley Stadium before the stadium was to be redeveloped. They beat Barnsley 4--2 securing their return to the Premiership after an absence of five years.
Ipswich made only one major signing during the off-season, buying Hermann Hreiðarsson from Wimbledon F.C. for a club record £4m two days before the season commenced. Television pundits Rodney Marsh and Mark Lawrenson both agreed relegation would be the obvious outcome. Ipswich surprised the doubters; they sustained a high league position and narrowly missed out on qualification for the UEFA Champions League, when the team failed to win on the last day of the season against Derby County. The fifth-place finish gained the club a UEFA Cup place and earned George Burley the title of FA Premier League Manager of the Year, an award that until 2010 had, in every other season, been given to the manager of the Premier League champions.
Matteo Sereni and Finidi George arrived before the 2001--02 season to boost the squad for its foray into Europe. The club\'s league form was poor, and 18 games into the campaign, Ipswich were bottom of the table with just one league victory. However, there was some relief in the UEFA Cup with a victory over Inter Milan 1--0 at home in the third round, despite which the tie was lost over two legs after a 4--1 defeat at the San Siro. From bottom of the table at Christmas, a run of seven wins from eight fixtures appeared to have secured the team\'s league status, but another decline set in and relegation was confirmed on the final day of the season with a 5--0 defeat by Liverpool at Anfield. The loss of income due to relegation to the Championship contributed to the club going into financial administration, resulting in the sale of a number of players including Jamie Clapham, Darren Ambrose, and club captain Matt Holland. Ipswich had the consolation of again qualifying for the UEFA Cup, through UEFA\'s Fair Play system, losing in the second round to Czech side Slovan Liberec. A poor start to the domestic season, leaving the club 19th in the table by mid-October, resulted in George Burley being sacked after nearly eight years as manager.
First team coach Tony Mowbray was in charge for four games as caretaker manager, winning once, but he was replaced as manager by the permanent appointment of former Oldham Athletic, Everton and Manchester City manager Joe Royle, whose managerial career had previously yielded four promotions and one FA Cup victory; as a player, he had been named player of the year in his only full season at Ipswich\'s local rivals Norwich City.
When Royle became Ipswich manager, the club was struggling near the Division One relegation zone, but the change in management sparked a revival and Ipswich narrowly failed to reach the 2002--03 play-offs. The club came out of administration during the 2003--04 season, and continued to challenge for promotion back to the Premier League. Ipswich finished that season in fifth place, but were beaten in the play-off semi finals by West Ham United 2--1 on aggregate. Ipswich missed automatic promotion in the 2004--05 season, finishing third, only two points behind second-placed Wigan Athletic. Again, they lost to West Ham United in the play off semi-finals, this time by a 4--2 aggregate score. Although they had been pre-season promotion favourites for the 2005--06 season, Ipswich finished 15th, the club\'s lowest finish since 1966, and Joe Royle resigned on 11 May 2006.
At a press conference held on 5 June 2006, Jim Magilton was officially named as the new manager and former academy director Bryan Klug was appointed as first team coach. In Magilton\'s first season, the club reached a final placing of 14th place in the table. That year, Ipswich became the first carbon neutral football club in England following a collaboration between the fans and the club\'s main sponsor E.ON. In October 2007, Ipswich agreed to sell a £44m stake in the club to British businessman Marcus Evans who became the majority owner and shareholder. 2007--08 brought further progress for Magilton and his side, who finished eighth in the final table. Magilton\'s team failed to gain promotion or reach the play-offs in the 2008--09 season, and on 22 April 2009 Magilton was sacked. His successor, Roy Keane, was appointed as manager the following day. Sheepshanks stood down as chairman after 14 years on 20 May 2009. Ipswich started the 2009--10 season winless in the league after 14 games and bottom of the Championship, their worst ever start to a league season. Limited success throughout the year saw the club finish 15th in Keane\'s first full season at the club. Keane\'s second season at the club started well but by the start of 2011, the club were 19th in the Championship, and he left the club on 7 January 2011. First team coach Ian McParland stood in as caretaker manager for two matches, including a semi-final first leg win in the League Cup against Arsenal, before Paul Jewell took the role on permanently in mid-January 2011. Ipswich finished 13th that season, and 15th the following, Jewell\'s first full season at the club. The longest-serving members of the Championship, Ipswich were bottom of the league by late October, and Jewell left the club by \"mutual consent\", leaving Chris Hutchings in a caretaker role. After a single match, Hutchings was replaced by Mick McCarthy on a full-time basis. McCarthy led Ipswich to finish in 14th position that season, and 9th in the following season. Despite losing their final match of the 2014--15 season, Ipswich finished in sixth place and secured a play-off place where they played their local rivals Norwich City, losing 4--2 on aggregate. The following season Ipswich finished just outside the playoff places, in seventh place. The 2016--17 season saw Ipswich finish 16th, their lowest finish since the 1958--59 season. On 29 March 2018, the club announced that Mick McCarthy\'s contract, which was due to expire at the end of the 2017--18 season, would not be extended. McCarthy announced that he was quitting during the post-match press conference following a 1--0 victory over Barnsley on 10 April 2018. He was replaced until the end of the season by Bryan Klug as a caretaker manager.
| 1,122 |
History of Ipswich Town F.C.
| 5 |
10,071,575 |
# History of Ipswich Town F.C.
## Relegation and League One Era: 2018--2022 {#relegation_and_league_one_era_20182022}
Paul Hurst was appointed as manager for the start of the 2018--19 season, with the club heralding it as \"a new era\", but was sacked less than five months later after securing a single victory in fourteen league matches, leaving Ipswich bottom of the Championship. On 27 October 2018, former Norwich City manager Paul Lambert was appointed as the new manager. Winning 3 games in the next 28 resulted in Ipswich being relegated to the third tier of English football for the first time since 1957, with relegation being confirmed following a one-all draw with Birmingham City on 13 April 2019. Ipswich finished their first season in League One in eleventh, with the final standings ultimately being decided by points-per-game due to the season\'s suspension due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the 2020--21 season, Ipswich continued to struggle and found themselves in tenth place in January. This prompted local newspaper *East Anglian Daily Times* to call for Paul Lambert to be sacked as Ipswich manager. Lambert left the club by mutual consent on 28 February 2021.
Former Wigan Athletic manager Paul Cook was appointed as replacement for Lambert and handed a contract until 2023 on 2 March 2021. On 7 April 2021, the club announced that US investment group Gamechanger 20 Limited had purchased a majority stake in the club, with previous owner Marcus Evans remaining as a minority shareholder. Ipswich ended the 2020--21 season in League One in ninth position.
Ipswich continued to stagnate into the 2021--22 season. Following a streak of poor results, Cook was sacked after 9 months in charge on 6 December 2021. It took Ipswich ten days to appoint former Manchester United assistant coach Kieran McKenna. Form considerably improved for the rest of the season, however, it was not enough for Ipswich to push for play-offs. Ipswich finished the season in 11th.
| 321 |
History of Ipswich Town F.C.
| 6 |
10,071,575 |
# History of Ipswich Town F.C.
## Promotion to the Championship: 2022--present {#promotion_to_the_championship_2022present}
Ipswich started their fourth season in League One strongly, winning seven of their first ten games, losing just one. Ipswich remained in the top two until the 25th round, where a series of draws pushed them out of the automatic promotion slots into the play-off positions. Ipswich\'s chances of automatic promotion appeared to fade, but Kieran McKenna managed to guide the team back into second spot with an eighteen-game unbeaten run in the close of the season. Ipswich confirmed their promotion back into the Championship with a 6--0 victory over Exeter on 29 April 2023. Overall, Ipswich scored 101 goals and gained 98 points
| 117 |
History of Ipswich Town F.C.
| 7 |
10,071,633 |
# Rose Morat
**Rose M. Morat** (February 4, 1906 -- August 3, 2013) was a New York City resident and retired telecommunications worker. On the afternoon of March 4, 2007, at the age of 101, she was assaulted and mugged in the lobby of her building on the way to church. A grainy video captured the assault, during which the alleged attacker, Jack Rhodes, 44, struck her several times in the face. The video incited outrage among New Yorkers. A substantial reward was offered by several sources, including the police, for information leading to the capture of the suspect.
As a result of Morat\'s assault, New York State Senator Martin Golden has introduced a bill that would make it a felony to assault anyone over 70 years old. The bill would increase the legal penalty to seven years if the victim were injured during the assault. Currently, \[2019\] assault is a misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail. The bill has found support from such public figures as Senator Hillary Clinton and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg.
On December 2, 2009, Jack Rhodes, 47, was sentenced to 75 years (\"one for each dollar he stole from Morat\") in prison at the Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora, New York. Morat died on August 3, 2013, at the age of 107
| 222 |
Rose Morat
| 0 |
10,071,675 |
# Civet
A **civet** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|v|ᵻ|t}}`{=mediawiki}) is a small, lean, mostly nocturnal mammal native to tropical Asia and Africa, especially the tropical forests. The term *civet* applies to over a dozen different species, mostly from the family Viverridae. Most of the species\'s diversity is found in southeast Asia. Civets do not form a monophyletic group, as they consist only of certain members of the Viverridae and Eupleridae.
The African civet, *Civettictis civetta*, has historically been the main species from which a musky scent used in perfumery, also referred to as \"civet\", was obtained.
## Naming
The common name is used for a variety of carnivoran mammal species, mostly of the family Viverridae. It is also used to refer to the African palm civet and the Malagasy civet.
The African palm civet (*Nandinia binotata*) is genetically distinct and belongs in its own monotypic family, Nandiniidae.
The Malagasy civet (*Fossa fossana*) belongs to a separate family Eupleridae, with other carnivorans of Madagascar. The Malagasy civet was to be placed in the subfamily Hemigalinae with the banded palm civets and then in its own subfamily, Fossinae, because of similarities with others in the group pointed out by Gregory, but it is now classified as a member of the subfamily Euplerinae, after Pocock pointed out more similarities with that one.
Civets are also called *toddy cats* in English, *marapaṭṭi* (*മരപട്ടി*) in Malayalam, *musang* in Malay, Filipino, and Indonesian, and *urulǣvā* (*උරුලෑවා*) in Sinhalese. There can be confusion among speakers of Malay because the indigenous word *musang* has been mistakenly applied to foxes by printed media instead of *rubah*, which is the correct but lesser-known term.
A minority of writers use *civet* to refer only to *Civettictis*, *Viverra* and *Viverricula* civets. However, in more common usage in English, the name also covers the civets of the viverrid genera *Chrotogale*, *Cynogale*, *Diplogale*, *Hemigalus*, *Arctogalidia*, *Macrogalidia*, *Paguma* and *Paradoxurus*.
### South Asia {#south_asia}
In Sri Lanka, the Asian palm civet, Small indian civet and Golden palm civet species is known as \"uguduwa\" by the Sinhala-speaking community. The terms *uguduwa* and *kalawedda* are used interchangeably by the Sri Lankan community to refer to the same animal. However, the term kalawedda is mostly used to refer to another species in the civet family, the Golden palm civet.
Sri Lanka also has an endemic civet species called golden palm civet. Recently this species was split into three separate endemic species as *Paradoxurus montanus*, *P. aureus*, and *P. stenocephalus*. In Bangladesh and Bengali-speaking areas of India, civets are known as \"khatash\" (*খাটাশ*) for the smaller species and \"bagdash\" (*বাগডাশ*) for the larger ones and is now extremely rare in Bangladesh (in the Khulna area of the country, the animal is also known as \"shairel\"). In Assamese this animal is known as \"zohamola\" (*জহামলা*) which literally means \"to have zoha aromatic feces\". In Maharashtra Marathi-speaking areas of India, civets are known as \"Udmanjar\" (*उदमांजर*).
In Kerala, the Malayalam speaking areas of India, the small Indian civet (*Viverricula indica*) is called \"veruk\" (വെരുക്). In adjoining coastal regions of Karnataka it is called \'beru\'/ಬೆರು in kannada as also Tulu. \'Veruku\' (வெருகு) in Tamil meant \'cat\', particularly during the Sangam period (\~ 100 BCE to 400 CE).
## Physical characteristics {#physical_characteristics}
Civets have a broadly cat-like general appearance, though the muzzle is extended and often pointed, rather like that of an otter, mongoose or even possibly a ferret. They range in length from about 17 to (excluding their long tails) and in weight from about 3 to.
The civet produces a musk (named civet after the animal) which is highly valued as a fragrance and stabilizing agent for perfume. Both male and female civets produce the strong-smelling secretion, which is produced by the civet\'s perineal glands. It is harvested by either killing the animal and removing the glands, or by scraping the secretions from the glands of a live animal. The latter is the preferred method today.
Animal rights groups, such as World Animal Protection, express concern that harvesting musk is cruel to animals. Between these ethical concerns and the availability of synthetic substitutes, the practice of raising civets for musk is dying out. Chanel, maker of the popular perfume Chanel No. 5, claims that natural civet has been replaced with a synthetic substitute since 1998.
| 710 |
Civet
| 0 |
10,071,675 |
# Civet
## Habitat
Viverrids are native to sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, the Iberian Peninsula, southern China, South and Southeast Asia. Favoured habitats include woodland, savanna, and mountain biome. In consequence, many are faced with severe loss of habitat; several species are considered vulnerable and the otter civet is classified as endangered. Some species of civet are very rare and elusive and hardly anything is known about them, e.g., the Hose\'s civet, endemic to the montane forests of northern Borneo, is one of the world\'s least known carnivores.
## Diet
Civets are unusual among feliforms, and carnivora in general, in that they are omnivores or even herbivores. Many species primarily eat fruit. Some also use flower nectar as a major source of energy. As human habitats have increased and expanded, civets have preyed on livestock and smaller domesticated animals, such as fowls, ducks, rabbits, and cats.
### Coffee
Kopi luwak, called *cà phê cứt chồn* in Vietnam and *kape alamid* in the Philippines) is coffee that is prepared using coffee cherries that have been eaten and partly digested by the Asian palm civet and then harvested from its fecal matter.
The civets digest the flesh of the coffee cherries but pass the beans inside, where stomach enzymes affect the beans. This adds to the coffee\'s prized aroma and flavor. About 1 lb can cost up to \$600 in some parts of the world and about \$100 a cup in others.
This demand has led to civet farms on which the civets are fed a diet composed almost exclusively of such cherries, causing them to become severely malnourished. Farm conditions are also routinely described as deplorable. Filipino and Vietnamese oversight of these farms is nonexistent.
## Relationship with humans {#relationship_with_humans}
The Malayan civet is found in many habitats, including forests, secondary habitats, cultivated land, and the outskirts of villages; the species is highly adaptable to human disturbances, including \"selective logging\" (partial forest removal).
African civets (*Civettictis civetta)* are listed as Least Concern. However, in certain regions of Africa, the population is declining; this is due to hunting, direct and indirect poisoning, and an increase in large-scale farm fences that limit population flow. They are also seen as comparatively abundant options in the bushmeat trade.
Masked palm civets sold for meat in local markets of Yunnan China, carried the SARS virus from horseshoe bats to humans; this resulted in the 2002--2004 SARS outbreak.
Civets are also raised in captivity by humans for two reasons. In Asia, they are raised to process coffee beans. In Ethiopia, they are raised in captivity to collect their perineal secretions, also called civet, to be used in making perfume.
### Urban environments {#urban_environments}
Palm civets often venture into cities and suburbs, with people often complaining about civet faeces and the noise of the animals\' climbing on roofs. Some studies have been undertaken to examine and mitigate such human--animal conflict.
### Literature
In *As You Like It*, Act II, scene 2 (William Shakespeare, 1599), the civet cat is mentioned as the \"uncleanly\" source of courtiers\' perfumes
| 507 |
Civet
| 1 |
10,071,694 |
# Tom Ingelsby
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 112, column 1):
unexpected end of input
``
| 17 |
Tom Ingelsby
| 0 |
10,071,703 |
# Kenneth Dike
**Kenneth Onwuka Dike** `{{IPAc-en||audio=Ig-Kenneth Onwuka Dike.ogg}}`{=mediawiki} (17 December 1917 -- 26 October 1983) was a Nigerian educationist, historian and the first Nigerian Vice-Chancellor of the nation\'s premier college, the University of Ibadan.
During the Nigerian civil war, he moved to Harvard University. He was a founder of the Ibadan School that dominated the writing of the History of Nigeria until the 1970s.
Dike was a pioneer in the movement towards utilising oral traditions in a multi-disciplinary approach in African historiography. He is credited with \"having played the leading role in creating a generation of African historians who could interpret their own history without being influenced by Eurocentric approaches.\" He has been called the \"father of modern African historiography\".
## Career
Dike was born in Awka, Eastern Nigeria. He attended Fourah Bay College, Sierra Leone and also Durham University for his BSc, the University of Aberdeen for his MA, and King\'s College London for his PhD. During the 1960s, as a member of the University of Ibadan\'s history department, he played a pioneering role in promoting African leadership of scholarly works published on Africa. As the head of the organizing committee of the First International Congress of Africanists in Ghana in 1963, he sought for a strengthened meticulous non-colonial focused African research, publication of research in various languages including indigenous and foreign, so as to introduce native speakers to history and for people to view African history through a common eye. He was the first director of International School Ibadan. In 1965 he was elected chairman of the Association of Commonwealth Universities. Ebere Nwaubani argues that Dike was the first modern scholarly proponent of Africanist history. His publications were a watershed in African historiography. Dike has been described as the first African to get a PhD in history.
At the University College of Ibadan, he became the first African professor of history and head of a history department. He founded the Nigerian National Archives, and helped in the founding of the Historical Society of Nigeria. His book *Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta 1830-1885* dealt with 19th-century economics and politics in the Niger Delta. He focused on internal African factors, especially defensive measures undertaken by the delta societies against imperialist penetration. Dike helped create the Ibadan School of African history and promoted the use of oral evidence by African historians. Dike was also the first president of ASUTECH (Anambra State University of Technology, now Nnamdi Azikiwe University).
## Publications
His publications include the following: *Report on the Preservation and Administration of Historical Records in Nigeria* (1953), *Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta 1830-1885* (1956), *A Hundred Years of British Rule in Nigeria* (1957), and *The Origins of the Niger Missions* (1958).
A biography entitled *Life and Thoughts of Professor Kenneth O. Dike* was authored by Alexander Animalu.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He and his wife, Ona, had five children.
## Gallery
<File:ASC> Leiden - NSAG - van Dis 4 - 200 - Prime minister of Northern Nigeria Ahmadu Bello opens Sultan Bello Hall - Ibadan, Oyo State, South West Nigeria - 1-13 February 1962.tif\| The opening of Sultan Bello Hall by Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello, University College Ibadan, on Second February 1962 (Kenneth Dike to the right of Sir Ahmadu Bello) <File:ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Dis_4_-_202_-_Prime_minister_of_Northern_Nigeria_Ahmadu_Bello_opens_Sultan_Bello_Hall_-_Ibadan,_Oyo_State,_South_West_Nigeria_-_1-13_February_1962.tif%7CThe> opening of Sultan Bello Hall by Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello, University College Ibadan, on Second February 1962 (Kenneth Dike to the left, Ahmadu Bello to the right) <File:KennethDike
| 574 |
Kenneth Dike
| 0 |
10,071,705 |
# Alexander Majorov
**Alexander Alexandrovich Majorov** (*Александр Александрович Майоров*, born 19 July 1991) is a Swedish retired figure skater. He is the 2017 Winter Universiade bronze medalist, the 2011 World Junior bronze medalist, a five-time Nordic champion (2011--14 and 2016), and a four-time Swedish national champion (2012--14, 2017). His best finish at the European Championships is 6th (2013). He was 14th at the 2014 Winter Olympics.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Majorov was born on 19 July 1991 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. When he was an infant, his family began spending half a year in Sweden and half in Russia, settling in Luleå when he was six years old. His father, Alexander senior, is a figure skating coach, who was the first coach of Alexei Yagudin. His mother, Irina Majorova, runs a dance and ballet school in Luleå. He has a younger brother, Nikolaj, who also competes in figure skating.
Majorov holds dual Swedish and Russian citizenship and speaks both languages. He has a degree in physiotherapy. He is a bone marrow donor for his father, who was diagnosed with severe MDS in June 2015 and acute leukaemia a few months later.
## Career
Majorov began competing on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series in 2005. He made his senior international debut at the 2007 Golden Spin of Zagreb, placing 11th, but continued competing also on the junior level.
In the 2009--10 season, Majorov was eighth at the 2010 World Junior Championships and ended his season by winning the senior silver medal at the Triglav Trophy.
In 2010--11, Majorov won his first JGP medal, bronze, at the JGP in Ostrava. He also won two senior events, the Ice Challenge in Graz and the 2010 NRW Trophy. In March 2011, he won the bronze medal at the World Junior Championships. It was Sweden\'s first ISU Championships medal in 74 years. Majorov had back problems in 2011.
In the 2011--12 season, Majorov finished 11th at the 2012 European Championships and 26th at the 2012 World Championships.
In 2012--13, Majorov was 6th at the 2013 European Championships and 18th at the 2013 World Championships.
In the 2015--16 season, Majorov placed 8th at the 2015 CS Finlandia Trophy and won silver medals at two events -- the International Cup of Nice and Volvo Open Cup. To prepare for his father\'s treatment, one bag of blood was drawn from the skater a week before the Volvo Open Cup and another a week before the 2015 Rostelecom Cup, from which he withdrew. He withdrew from the Swedish Championships to recover after an operation to extract bone marrow for his father. Majorov won gold at the Nordics Open in February 2016. His withdrawal from the 2016 World Championships in Boston followed the detection of a precursor to a stress fracture of the pelvis.
In the 2016--17 season, Majorov competed at the Rostelecom Cup. He had a nosebleed during his free skate and made several errors on his jumps, and he placed last in the men\'s field. A few weeks later, he won gold at the Warsaw Cup, and he also won the NRW Trophy. In January, he again placed 11th at the European Championships; shortly after, he competed at the 2017 Winter Universiade, where he won the bronze medal and set a new personal best. At the 2017 World Championships, he ended in 23rd place.
| 557 |
Alexander Majorov
| 0 |
10,071,705 |
# Alexander Majorov
## Programs
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Season | Short program | Free skating | Exhibition |
+===========+==========================================================================================+=============================================================================================+==============+
| 2018--19 | - Bang Bang\ | - Tina\ | |
| | `{{small| by [[Asaf Avidan]]}}`{=mediawiki} | `{{small|by [[Randy Edelman]]}}`{=mediawiki} | |
| | | - Saint James Infirmary\ | |
| | | `{{small| by [[Hugh Laurie]]}}`{=mediawiki} | |
| | | - Cuban Pete\ | |
| | | `{{small|by Joseph Norman <br> performed by [[Jim Carrey]]}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2017--18\ | | - The Man With the Golden Arm\ | |
| | | `{{small| by [[Elmer Bernstein]] }}`{=mediawiki} | |
| | | - From Russia With Love\ | |
| | | `{{small| by [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]] }}`{=mediawiki} | |
| | | - Peter Gunn Theme\ | |
| | | `{{small| by [[Henry Mancini]] <br> performed by [[The Blues Brothers]] }}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2016--17\ | - Tulipalo hongan juurella\ | | |
| | `{{small| by Fredrik Hangasjärvi, Daniel Wikslund }}`{=mediawiki} | | |
| | - Ievan Polkka remix | | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2015--16\ | - Tango Emore\ | - Archangel\ | |
| | `{{small| by [[Edvin Marton]] }}`{=mediawiki} | `{{small| (from "Nero") <br> by [[Thomas J. Bergersen]] }}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2014--15\ | - The Great Gig in the Sky\ | | |
| | `{{small| by [[Pink Floyd]] }}`{=mediawiki} | | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2013--14\ | - Korobushka\ | - Life Begins Again\ | - The Mask |
| | `{{small| by [[Bond (band)|Bond]] }}`{=mediawiki} | `{{small| by Afro Celt Sound System }}`{=mediawiki} | |
| | | | |
| | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
| | | | |
| | | - Archangel\ | |
| | | `{{small| (from "Nero") <br> by [[Thomas J. Bergersen]] }}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2012--13\ | - Ray\'s Blues\ | - Life Begins Again\ | |
| | `{{small| by [[Dave Grusin]] }}`{=mediawiki} | `{{small| by Afro Celt Sound System }}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2011--12\ | - Austin Powers\ | - Bolero de Ravel\ | |
| | `{{small| by [[George S. Clinton]] }}`{=mediawiki} | `{{small| (from Flamenco Fantasy) <br> by Gustavo Montesano }}`{=mediawiki} | |
| | | | |
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | |
| | | | |
| | - Moonlight Sonata\ | | |
| | `{{small| by [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] <br> arranged by Marcus Miller }}`{=mediawiki} | | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2010--11\ | - Austin Powers\ | - Polovtsian Dances\ | |
| | `{{small| by George S. Clinton }}`{=mediawiki} | `{{small| (from [[Prince Igor]]) <br> by [[Alexander Borodin]] }}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2009--10\ | - Libertango\ | | |
| | `{{small| by [[Astor Piazzolla]] }}`{=mediawiki} | | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2008--09\ | - Sirtaki\ | - Carmen Suite\ | |
| | `{{small| by [[Míkis Theodorakis]] }}`{=mediawiki} | `{{small| by [[Georges Bizet]], [[Rodion Shchedrin]] }}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 495 |
Alexander Majorov
| 1 |
10,071,705 |
# Alexander Majorov
## Competitive highlights {#competitive_highlights}
*GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix*
International
-----------------------
Event
Olympics
Worlds
Europeans
Cup of China
France
Rostelecom
Skate America
Skate Canada
Finlandia
Golden Spin
Lombardia
Nebelhorn
Warsaw Cup
Coupe Printemps
Cup of Nice
Finlandia Trophy
Golden Spin
Hellmut Seibt
Ice Challenge
Lombardia Trophy
Merano Cup
Nebelhorn Trophy
New Year\'s Cup
Nordics
NRW Trophy
Triglav Trophy
Volvo Open Cup
Warsaw Cup
Universiade
International: Junior
Junior Worlds
Croatia
Czech Rep.
Estonia
Germany
Japan
Netherlands
Romania
South Africa
U.S.
EYOF
Nordics
National
Swedish Champ.
## Detailed results {#detailed_results}
*Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. At team events, medals awarded for team results only
| 117 |
Alexander Majorov
| 2 |
10,071,713 |
# Mini-camp
A **mini-camp**, also spelled **minicamp**, is a short camp held by National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL) teams usually in spring of each year. The camp usually only lasts 3 days, but the length varies by a day or two depending on the head coach\'s preference. Mini-camps are geared toward getting the newly drafted rookies acclimated to the NFL playing schemes. It also gives coaches and team administrators the chance to see their new players in action learning plays from their new team\'s playbook. Several veteran players of each team will also attend mini-camp to refresh their skills and get acquainted with the new players coming in. Attendance requirements for mini-camp are entirely up to each individual head coach. Some head coaches push for all of the players to be there, while others ask for just the rookies and younger players to attend. The drills and plays run at camp are conducted in shorts and T-shirts or jerseys. They are not \"full contact\" drills.
NFL mini-camps should not be confused with other football camps, for example those for youths.
## CFL
In the CFL, these camps are also referred to as **rookie** or **free-agent camps**. The Canadian league began holding them in 2010, when a new collective-bargaining agreement with its player association permitted teams to hold voluntary, non-contact, off-season workouts for up to three days, starting February 1. In 2017, CFL mini-camps were held from mid-April through mid-May in Florida
| 245 |
Mini-camp
| 0 |
10,071,718 |
# Bederkesa (Samtgemeinde)
**Bederkesa** is a former *Samtgemeinde* (\"collective municipality\") in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat was in the village Bad Bederkesa. It was disbanded in January 2015, when its member municipalities merged into the new municipality Geestland
| 43 |
Bederkesa (Samtgemeinde)
| 0 |
10,071,730 |
# 1932 Italian Grand Prix
thumb\|Grid of the 1932 Monza Grand Prix
The **1932 Italian Grand Prix** was a Grand Prix motor race held at Monza on 5 June 1932.
## Classification
### Race
Pos No Driver Team Car Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
----- ---- ------------------------- ---------------------- -------------------------- ------ -------------- ------ --------
1 8 **Tazio Nuvolari** **Alfa Corse** **Alfa Romeo Tipo B** 83 4 **1**
2 12 **Luigi Fagioli** **Maserati** **Maserati V5** 82 +1 Lap 6 **2**
3 2 **Baconin Borzacchini** **Alfa Corse** **Alfa Romeo Monza** 82 +1 Lap 1 **3**
Attilio Marinoni n/a
Rudolf Caracciola n/a
4 14 **Giuseppe Campari** **Alfa Corse** **Alfa Romeo Tipo B P3** 82 +1 Lap 7 **4**
5 22 **René Dreyfus** **Bugatti** **Bugatti T51** 82 +1 Lap 11 **4**
6 26 **Albert Divo** **Bugatti** **Bugatti T51** 81 +2 Laps 13 **4**
Guy Bouriat n/a
7 24 **Pietro Ghersi** **Scuderia Ferrari** **Alfa Romeo Monza** 79 +3 Laps 12 **4**
Antonio Brivio n/a
8 40 **Amedeo Ruggeri** **Maserati** **Maserati 26M** 75 +8 Laps 16 **4**
9 28 **Eugenio Siena** Private entry **Alfa Romeo Monza** 65 +18 Laps 14 **4**
Antonio Brivio n/a
10 18 **Luigi Premoli** Private entry **Maserati 26M** 58 +25 Laps 9 **5**
11 20 **Rudolf Caracciola** **Alfa Corse** **Alfa Romeo Monza** 57 Magneto 10 **5**
Ret 10 **Louis Chiron** **Bugatti** **Bugatti T54** 39 Overheating 5 **6**
Achille Varzi n/a
Ret 16 **Achille Varzi** **Bugatti** **Bugatti T54** 26 Transmission 8 **6**
Ret 4 **Marcel Lehoux** **Bugatti** **Bugatti T51** 20 Con-rod 2 **7**
Ret 6 **Luigi Castelbarco** Private entry **Maserati 26M** 19 Accident 3 **7**
DNS 30 **Carlo Gazzabini** Private entry **Alfa Romeo Monza** 15 **8**
### Starting grid positions {#starting_grid_positions}
+---------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| 1st Row | 3 Pos. | 2 Pos. | 1 Pos. |
+=========+==============+============+==============+
| | \ | \ | \ |
| | Castelbarco\ | Lehoux\ | Borzacchini\ |
| | Maserati | Bugatti | Alfa Romeo |
+---------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| 2nd Row | 3 Pos. | 2 Pos. | 1 Pos. |
+---------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| | \ | \ | \ |
| | Fagioli\ | Chiron\ | Nuvolari\ |
| | Maserati | Bugatti | Alfa Romeo |
+---------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| 3rd Row | 3 Pos. | 2 Pos. | 1 Pos. |
+---------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| | \ | \ | \ |
| | Premoli\ | Varzi\ | Campari\ |
| | Maserati | Bugatti | Alfa Romeo |
+---------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| 4th Row | 3 Pos. | 2 Pos. | 1 Pos. |
+---------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| | \ | \ | \ |
| | Ghersi\ | Dreyfus\ | Caracciola\ |
| | Alfa Romeo | Bugatti | Alfa Romeo |
+---------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| 5th Row | 3 Pos. | 2 Pos. | 1 Pos. |
+---------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| | \ | \ | \ |
| | Gazzabini\ | Siena\ | Divo\ |
| | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo | Bugatti |
+---------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| 6th Row | 3 Pos. | 2 Pos. | 1 Pos
| 491 |
1932 Italian Grand Prix
| 0 |
10,071,744 |
# RAS-1
**Richard Arthur Smith**, known professionally as **RAS-1**, is a guitarist and singer known as a founder of Long Beach Shortbus, alongside Sublime bassist Eric Wilson, drummer Damien Ramirez, and Trey Pangborn. Smith was also one of the founding members of Long Beach Dub Allstars along with Eric Wilson and Sublime drummer Bud Gaugh.
## Biography
Smith was born in North Long Beach, California. He is the son of singer Dora Gail Smith, formerly of the all girl Long Beach jazz quartet Dream, and Union Pacific Railroad worker Richard Smith.
As a teenager, Smith was in a psychedelic rock band called The Griffin with his cousin J-Sun, later of the band Stonewing. Following this, he played guitar and sang with a reggae band called Jah Children, which played backyard parties in Long Beach and occasionally opened for Sublime. Smith was also a member of band All Day with Randy Bradbury of Pennywise and Paul McFadyen.
Along with other Skunk Records affiliates, Smith joined the Long Beach Dub Allstars in 1997. Their debut album, *Right Back*, was released on DreamWorks Records in 1999. Long Beach Dub Allstars second album *Wonders of the World* was released in 2001. However, the band broke up shortly after in 2002. Smith was not active in the band after they reunited in 2012. Smith and Eric Wilson went on to form Long Beach Shortbus. The band later split in October 2007.
On March 21, 2022, RAS-1 announced he was working on new music with Jungle Josh and Fat Mike of NOFX. In 2023, Smith released his self-titled solo EP *Ras-1*. The EP was released on Fat Mike\'s label Bottles To The Ground, an imprint of Fat Wreck Chords
| 283 |
RAS-1
| 0 |
10,071,758 |
# Jules Vandenpeereboom
**Jules (Julius) Henri Pierre François Vandenpeereboom** (18 March 1843 -- 6 March 1917) was a Belgian Catholic Party politician.
Vandenpeereboom was born in Kortrijk and educated as a lawyer at KU Leuven. He represented Kortrijk in the Belgian Chamber of People\'s Representatives from 1878 to 1900.
He held several ministerial posts, beginning with Railways, Posts and Telegraphs, from 1884 to 1899. He combined this with the War ministry from 1896. He served as the prime minister of Belgium in 1899. He was responsible for the introduction of bilingual postage stamps in Belgium in the period 1891 to 1893.
On leaving the Chamber, he was appointed an honorary Minister of State in 1900 and served in the Belgian Senate representing West Flanders. He died in Anderlecht
| 128 |
Jules Vandenpeereboom
| 0 |
10,071,760 |
# 2001 Transnistrian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the breakaway republic of Transnistria on 9 December 2001. The result was a victory for incumbent President Igor Smirnov, who received 82% of the vote. The other candidates were Tom Zenovich, mayor of Bender (the second largest city in the country), and Alexander Radchenko of the Power to the People party, which advocated reunion with Moldova. The Moldova Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2003, released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the U.S. Department of State on February 25, 2004, stated \"Citizens\' right to change their government was severely restricted in Transnistria. In the period prior to the 2001 \"presidential\" elections, authorities shut down a political party and a youth group, closed a leftist party newspaper, and seized a press run. The authorities refused to register one potential presidential candidate and dismissed another from his job as mayor of Bender prior to the election. Authorities reportedly threatened workers with job loss and students with expulsion from their universities if they did not vote for the incumbent, Igor Smirnov. Local observers reported that the actual voting was unfair, with considerable ballot box stuffing. Officials in the northern region of Kamenka reported that 103.6 percent of their voters cast ballots for Smirnov.\" According to an article by the ethnic Russian researcher from Moldova Alla Skvortsova from 2002, \"polls and elections in the PMR may to some extent have been rigged\".
## Results
Candidate Party Votes \%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- ------------- ---------
Igor Smirnov 208,617 81.85
Tom Zenovich Independent 17,018 6.68
Alexander Radchenko Power to the People 11,853 4.65
None of the above 17,375 6.82
Invalid/blank votes --
**Total** **254,863** **100**
Registered voters/turnout 405,248 62.89
Source: [Olivia Press](https://web.archive.org/web/20110713002627/http://www.olvia.idknet.com/ol41-12-06
| 290 |
2001 Transnistrian presidential election
| 0 |
10,071,778 |
# The Secret (2007 film)
***The Secret*** (*\'\'\'Si j\'étais toi\'\'\'*; `{{Literal translation|If I were you}}`{=mediawiki}) is a 2007 English-language French thriller film directed by Vincent Perez and starring David Duchovny, Olivia Thirlby, and Lili Taylor. It is a remake of Yōjirō Takita\'s *Himitsu*, a 1999 Japanese film produced by Yasuhiro Mase, written by Hiroshi Saitô.
## Plot
The beginning of the film reveals the strained relationship between Hannah (Lili Taylor) and her teenaged daughter Samantha (Olivia Thirlby). Hannah has been the primary disciplinarian as opposed to Samantha\'s permissive father Ben (David Duchovny). During a heated argument in the car with Samantha, Hannah\'s focus is momentarily diverted from the road, causing a head-on collision with an oncoming truck. Mother and daughter are taken to the hospital\'s ICU, both of them code, and Hannah dies. Unknown to Ben, Hannah\'s spirit migrates to Samantha\'s body, but he eventually believes it when \'Samantha\' tells him things that only his wife would know.
Both resolve that Hannah continue to live as Samantha, for if and when she returns. Living in Samantha\'s body, Hannah endeavors to maintain an emotional relationship with her husband while struggling with the often confusing impulses of a teenager. Ben and Hannah come perilously close to being intimate as man and wife. Hannah begins to learn a lot about the previously unknown (to her) life her daughter was living, which helps her understand how harrowing a teen\'s life can be. She faces demanding schoolwork that she finds largely unfamiliar; a couple of decades have passed since her own graduation. And she discovers that Samantha\'s life has been a challenge to meet her parents\' expectations for academic excellence and behavior, all while being overwhelmed by adolescent hormones and a confused sense of self. This includes the discovery that Samantha was having sex with multiple partners. Hannah struggles to keep her grip; and Ben\'s possessiveness toward his wife\'s soul in his daughter\'s body threatens to completely overwhelm both of their lives, with nearly disastrous results. Hannah also starts to rediscover her own lost dreams when teachers praise her talent as a photographer.
Hannah\'s conflict with Ben comes to a head when she escapes through a bedroom window and goes to Samantha\'s friends, who persuade her to try Ketamine, causing Hannah to hallucinate and see herself dead, as Hannah. When Ben tracks her down and takes her home, Samantha briefly reappears then disappears again, over the traumatic realization that her mother is dead. Ben and Hannah both realize that Samantha is coming back. Hannah makes final preparations for Samantha\'s return, and makes a video explaining to Samantha what happened. After Samantha returns to her body, she belatedly sees how much she really did love her mother. The final scene shows a radically changed Samantha, who now has adopted her mother\'s handwriting.
## Cast
## Release
The film was not given a theatrical release in the United States, instead going straight-to-video on August 26, 2008 on DVD and Blu-ray
| 493 |
The Secret (2007 film)
| 0 |
10,071,786 |
# Catherine Ryan Hyde
**Catherine Ryan Hyde** (born 1955) is an American novelist and short story writer, with more recent forays and notable success in transitioning from traditional publication towards the world of eBook publication. Her novels have enjoyed bestseller status in both the U.S. and U.K., and her short stories have won many awards and honors. Her book *Pay It Forward*, was later adapted into a film of the same name and her novel *Electric God* is currently in development.
Many of Hyde\'s literary works are optimistic explorations of ordinary people, characters who are troubled or down-on-their-luck or recovering from past difficulties or abuse. Many feature journeys that parallel some of Hyde\'s own travels, life in New York City, small towns, and \'cross country\' travels and explore settings often in those areas and the American West and Southwest. Hyde\'s Young writings and activities deal issues such as alcoholism, social service difficulties, etc.
## Early life {#early_life}
Catherine Ryan Hyde was born in a family of writers, and lived during her early life in the Buffalo, New York area, and briefly lived in New York City, an influence which often recurs in her writing in the form of being a setting for part of or the whole story arc. She attributes her changeover from \"the last kid picked\" on the team towards becoming a writer to a favorite teacher, Lenny Horowitz, who later died of liver cancer. After an accelerated graduation from high school at the age of 17, Hyde worked many jobs such as being a dog trainer, a tour guide at Hearst Castle, and working in a bakery prior to dedicating herself to become a full-time writer in the early 1980s.
After relocating cross country to the Los Angeles area, she currently lives and writes and blogs from her home and areas around Cambria, California.
## Early writing career: short stories and novels {#early_writing_career_short_stories_and_novels}
Early successes came from writing short stories, at one point racking up more than 122 rejections before being first published, and since then a total of more than 1500 rejections resulting in about 50 published stories.
During this time, Hyde also wrote her first novel(s) *Walter\'s Purple Heart*, her first published Novel *Funeral for Horses*, and an anthology of 18 short stories, *Earthquake Weather*. A self-described literary writer, her breakthrough novel *Pay It Forward* was released in 1999 (Pocket Books) and quickly became a national bestseller, and was later adapted into the film *Pay It Forward* (Warner Brothers), which was released in 2000.
## *Pay It Forward* {#pay_it_forward}
According to published interviews, the genesis of the idea for the novel came when Hyde\'s car caught fire in what she described as the \"bad neighborhood\" in which she lived, and two total strangers came to her assistance, then left before she could even thank them.
Since then *Pay It Forward*, has been translated into twenty languages for publication in more than thirty countries, and was chosen among the Best Books for Young Adults in 2001 by the American Library Association and continues to be among her most popular and requested works. The movie *Pay It Forward* (Warner Brothers) was released theatrically in 2000, starring Haley Joel Osment, Helen Hunt and Kevin Spacey.
A Young Reader\'s Version was released on August 19, 2014. The new version tells the same story but was extensively revised to be more complementary to lesson plans, summer reading lists for students at a middle school grade level, that is, for students at approximately the same age and maturity level as the novel\'s main protagonist Trevor McKinney.
## Other writing {#other_writing}
Hyde\'s work has appeared in publications such as *The Antioch Review*, *Michigan Quarterly Review*, *The Virginia Quarterly Review*, *The Sun*, *Ploughshares*, and *Glimmer Train*. Two of her stories have been honored in the Raymond Carver Short Story Contest. She received second place in the 1998 Bellingham Review Tobias Wolff Award for Fiction. Nearly a dozen of her stories have been nominated for Best American Short Stories, the O\'Henry Award, and the Pushcart Prize.
| 672 |
Catherine Ryan Hyde
| 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.