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# Mads Vangsø
**Mads Vangsø** is a Danish comedian.
Mads Vangsø gained popularity with *\"Tæskeholdet\"* alongside Jan Gintberg, Søren Søndergaard and Casper Christensen. *\"Tæskeholdet\"* was a huge success on P3 (largest radio station in Denmark), and even appeared on television following the enormous popularity. The show debuted in 1996, and ended in 1997 where the four members went their separate ways.
Mads Vangsø went on to become the host on many shows, including the first Danish edition of Big Brother in 2001.
In 2005, Mads Vangsø had another radio success with Monkey Business, together with Adam Duvå Hall. The duo hosted the Danish Melodi Grand Prix 2006 (the Danish national final for the Eurovision Song Contest), and brought a new style to the contest. Mads Vangsø was the Danish represantive on a series of Swedish television programmes where five Scandinavians (one from each country in Scandinavia) would give their opinion on the songs of the contest.
Mads Vangsø was also the Danish commentator of the Eurovision Song Contest 2006
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# Battle of Vimory
The **Battle of Vimory**, occurred on 26 October 1587 between the French royal (Catholic) forces of King Henry III of France commanded by the duke of Guise and German and Swiss mercenaries commanded by Fabien I, Burgrave of Dohna and the duke of Bouillon who were hired to assist Henry of Navarre\'s Huguenot forces during the eighth and final war (1585-1598) of the French Wars of Religion.
The Protestant mercenaries were funded by Elizabeth I of England and the King of Denmark. After having pillaged the Lorraine region, they arrived in Burgundy and entered into the Beauce region. However, conflicts divided the two commanders and their German and Swiss troops.
The Swiss troops were surprised by Henry of Guise\'s army, and were routed. The *reiters* retreated to the castle of Auneau and the Swiss decided to negotiate with the royal troops
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# Anti-Poverty Committee
The **Anti-Poverty Committee (APC)** was a militant left-wing anarchist organisation based in Vancouver, British Columbia that campaigned against poverty and homelessness.
The APC participated in direct action events such as sit-ins, squats, and vandalism to protest the closure of low-income housing projects and garnered considerable attention with disruptive protests centred on the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, including the instigation of a small-scale riot on the opening day of the games.
According to its website, the Anti-Poverty Committee was \"an organization of poor and working people, who fight for poor people, their rights and an end to poverty by any means necessary.\" The APC ceased meeting in the summer of 2010, when they stopped renting an office space for meetings, and is no longer an active organization.
## Opposition to the 2010 Winter Olympics {#opposition_to_the_2010_winter_olympics}
On a May weekend in 2007, Vancouver Police used a ruse to arrest APC organizer David Cunningham as part of their investigation into threats made to \"evict\" 2010 Winter Olympic Games board members from their homes and offices. The police had pretended to be a reporter with Vancouver\'s commuter newspaper *24 Hours*. This ruse was criticised in newspaper editorials as endangering the media\'s appearance of independence.
On May 22, 2007, following Cunningham\'s arrest, three APC activists pretended to be delivering flowers as a ruse to gain entry to the Vancouver offices of BC Premier Gordon Campbell. The group began destroying glassware, as well as overturning furniture and scattering documents. The group stated that this action was an eviction of 2010 Winter Olympic Games special advisor Ken Dobell from his office
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# 1967 Ryder Cup
The **17th Ryder Cup Matches** were held October 20--22, 1967 at the Champions Golf Club in Houston, Texas. The United States team won the competition by a record score of 23`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} to 8`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} points. To date, the 15-point victory margin remains the largest at the Ryder Cup.
Ben Hogan was named the captain of the U.S. team in May 1967, five months before the matches. He opted for the U.S. team to use the smaller British golf ball; the same weight, its diameter was .06 in smaller at 1.62 in.
The match had originally been arranged for June 9--11, a date that the British P.G.A. had reluctantly agreed to, as it interfered with the British tournament season. In April 1966, it was agreed that the dates be changed to October 20--22.
The course hosted the U.S. Open two years later in 1969.
## Format
The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1963 through 1971 the competition format was as follows:
- **Day 1** --- Eight foursomes (alternate shot) matches, four each in morning and afternoon sessions
- **Day 2** --- Eight four-ball (better ball) matches, four each in morning and afternoon sessions
- **Day 3** --- Sixteen singles matches, eight each in morning and afternoon sessions
With a total of 32 points, 16`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 18 holes.
## Teams
Source:
-------------------
**Team USA**
Name
Ben Hogan
Billy Casper
Arnold Palmer
Gay Brewer
Doug Sanders
Gene Littler
Julius Boros
Bobby Nichols
Al Geiberger
Gardner Dickinson
Johnny Pott
-------------------
The British team was based on a points system using performances in 1966 and 1967, starting with the 1966 Schweppes PGA Close Championship and finishing after the 1967 Open Championship.
-------------------------
**Team Great Britain**
Name
Dai Rees
Peter Alliss
Hugh Boyle
Neil Coles
Malcolm Gregson
Brian Huggett
Bernard Hunt
Tony Jacklin
Christy O\'Connor Snr
Dave Thomas
George Will
-------------------------
## Friday matches {#friday_matches}
*October 20, 1967*
### Morning foursomes {#morning_foursomes}
Results
------------------------ --------- ------------------------
Huggett/Will halved Casper/Boros
Alliss/O\'Connor 2 & 1 **Palmer/Dickinson**
**Jacklin/Thomas** 4 & 3 Sanders/Brewer
Hunt/Coles 6 & 5 **Nichols/Pott**
1`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session 2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
1`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
### Afternoon foursomes {#afternoon_foursomes}
Results
------------------------ --------- ------------------------
Huggett/Will 1 up **Casper/Boros**
Gregson/Boyle 5 & 4 **Dickinson/Palmer**
**Jacklin/Thomas** 3 & 2 Littler/Geiberger
Alliss/O\'Connor 2 & 1 **Nichols/Pott**
1 Session 3
2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 5`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
## Saturday matches {#saturday_matches}
*October 21, 1967*
### Morning four-ball {#morning_four_ball}
Results
------------------------ --------- ------------------------
Alliss/O\'Connor 3 & 2 **Casper/Brewer**
Hunt/Coles 1 up **Nichols/Pott**
Jacklin/Thomas 1 up **Littler/Geiberger**
Huggett/Will 3 & 2 **Dickinson/Sanders**
0 Session 4
2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 9`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
### Afternoon four-ball {#afternoon_four_ball}
Results
---------------- --------- ------------------------
Hunt/Coles 5 & 3 **Casper/Brewer**
Alliss/Gregson 3 & 2 **Dickinson/Sanders**
Will/Boyle 1 up **Palmer/Boros**
Jacklin/Thomas halved Littler/Geiberger
Session 3`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
3 Overall 13
## Sunday matches {#sunday_matches}
*October 22, 1967*
### Morning singles {#morning_singles}
Results
------------------- --------- -------------------
Hugh Boyle 4 & 3 **Gay Brewer**
Peter Alliss 2 & 1 **Billy Casper**
Tony Jacklin 3 & 2 **Arnold Palmer**
**Brian Huggett** 1 up Julius Boros
**Neil Coles** 2 & 1 Doug Sanders
Malcolm Gregson 4 & 2 **Al Geiberger**
Dave Thomas halved Gene Littler
Bernard Hunt halved Bobby Nichols
3 Session 5
6 Overall 18
### Afternoon singles {#afternoon_singles}
Results
------------------------ --------- -------------------------
Brian Huggett 5 & 3 **Arnold Palmer**
**Peter Alliss** 2 & 1 Gay Brewer
Tony Jacklin 3 & 2 **Gardner Dickinson**
Christy O\'Connor 3 & 2 **Bobby Nichols**
George Will 3 & 1 **Johnny Pott**
Malcolm Gregson 2 & 1 **Al Geiberger**
Bernard Hunt halved Julius Boros
**Neil Coles** 2 & 1 Doug Sanders
2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session 5`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
8`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 23`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
## Individual player records {#individual_player_records}
Each entry refers to the win--loss--half record of the player.
Source:
### United States {#united_states}
Player Points Overall Singles Foursomes Fourballs
------------------- -------- --------- --------- ----------- -----------
Julius Boros 3 2--1--2 0--1--1 1--0--1 1--0--0
Gay Brewer 3 3--2--0 1--1--0 0--1--0 2--0--0
Billy Casper 4.5 4--0--1 1--0--0 1--0--1 2--0--0
Gardner Dickinson 5 5--0--0 1--0--0 2--0--0 2--0--0
Al Geiberger 3.5 3--1--1 2--0--0 0--1--0 1--0--1
Gene Littler 2 1--1--2 0--0--1 0--1--0 1--0--1
Bobby Nichols 4.5 4--0--1 1--0--1 2--0--0 1--0--0
Arnold Palmer 5 5--0--0 2--0--0 2--0--0 1--0--0
Johnny Pott 4 4--0--0 1--0--0 2--0--0 1--0--0
Doug Sanders 2 2--3--0 0--2--0 0--1--0 2--0--0
### Great Britain {#great_britain}
Player Points Overall Singles Foursomes Fourballs
------------------- -------- --------- --------- ----------- -----------
Peter Alliss 1 1--5--0 1--1--0 0--2--0 0--2--0
Hugh Boyle 0 0--3--0 0--1--0 0--1--0 0--1--0
Neil Coles 2 2--3--0 2--0--0 0--1--0 0--2--0
Malcolm Gregson 0 0--4--0 0--2--0 0--1--0 0--1--0
Brian Huggett 1.5 1--3--1 1--1--0 0--1--1 0--1--0
Bernard Hunt 1 0--3--2 0--0--2 0--1--0 0--2--0
Tony Jacklin 2.5 2--3--1 0--2--0 2--0--0 0--1--1
Christy O\'Connor 0 0--4--0 0--1--0 0--2--0 0--1--0
Dave Thomas 3 2--1--2 0--0--1 2--0--0 0--1--1
George Will 0.5 0--4--1 0--1--0 0--1--1 0--2--0
| 800 |
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| 0 |
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# 1967 Ryder Cup
## Nicklaus absence {#nicklaus_absence}
Despite having won his seventh major title as a professional at the U.S. Open in June, 27-year-old Jack Nicklaus was not a member of the U.S. team. At the time, a five-year apprenticeship as a professional was required before Ryder Cup points could be earned. Nicklaus turned pro in November 1961 and was granted tournament status at the end of that year. He expedited his status by passing PGA business classes in February 1966, and was granted full membership that June. Only then was he eligible to accumulate Ryder Cup points, which ended with the Masters in April. Captain\'s selections did not exist in 1967 and Nicklaus was in a slump following his win at the Masters in 1966; entering the Masters in 1967 as the two-time defending champion, he was in 13th place in the U.S. Ryder Cup standings. Also just off the team were Dave Marr and Bob Goalby. Nicklaus and Goalby missed the cut at Augusta and Marr\'s T-16 finish was not enough to pass Johnny Pott for the tenth and final spot on the team. Pott was 4--0--0 in the competition.
The outmoded five-year rule had similarly kept Arnold Palmer off the teams in 1957 and 1959. Don January won the PGA Championship in 1967 in July, but was also at home; the only reigning major champion on either team in 1967 was Masters champion Gay Brewer.
Nicklaus competed in the Ryder Cup as a player from 1969 through 1981, missing only in 1979. He was the non-playing captain in 1983 and 1987
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# Battle of Velletri
The **Battle of Velletri** were two battles between Austria and the Kingdom of Naples in 1744 during the War of the Austrian Succession around the city of Velletri, then part of the Papal States.\
The first battle took place in the night of 16--17 June 1744, when the Spanish-Neapolitan army launched a surprise attack and conquered 3 important hills.\
The second battle occurred on 10 and 11 August 1744, when the Austrian army, after seizing Velletri in a nighttime attack and capturing much of King Charles\' royal entourage, were rapidly thrown back and retreated.
## Prelude
A few years earlier (1734), during the War of the Polish Succession, Austria had lost the Kingdom of Naples to Spain. Now that Austria and Spain were at war again in Northern Italy, Maria Theresia sent an army under command of the Prince of Lobkowicz to the northern border of the Kingdom of Naples through the Papal States, to reconquer their former possession.\
The Prince of Lobkowicz, who was in no hurry to invade, allowed King Charles VII of Naples to assembe an army of 13,000 Neapolitan soldiers reinforced with 12,000 Spanish soldiers under the Comte de Gages, march it north and take up strong positions in and around the city of Velletri.
## First battle (17 June) : Surprise on Monte Piccolo {#first_battle_17_june_surprise_on_monte_piccolo}
On 16 June, as darkness fell, 12,000 Neapolitan and Spanish troops moved towards the fortifications of Monte Piccolo. At dawn the Walloon grenadiers of the Spanish regiments occupied the battery of Monte Piccolo, while other troops occupied Maschio dell\'Ariano and La Fajola and set fire to Pratoni del Vivaro. The commander of the Monte Piccolo garrison (General Pestaluzzi) was captured, probably drunk in a farmhouse of winemakers. The next day, Jean Thierry du Mont, comte de Gages gave the order to withdraw and preserve only the Artemisio ridge line.
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# Battle of Velletri
## Second battle : the surprise attack of 11 August {#second_battle_the_surprise_attack_of_11_august}
On 28 July Lobkowitz received a request to transfer at least one regiment to Piedmont in support of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was attacked by the Bourbons through the Alps. At this point Lobkowitz decided to try to surprise the Bourbons with a pincer attack, giving Brown 6,000 men to attack the Neapolitan left wing and keeping the rest to attack the Artemesio and the Neapolitan right wing. The purpose of the surprise attack was to capture the general staff of the Neapolitan army and in particular King Charles VII of Naples.
In the early hours of 11 August, General Brown marched with his 6,000 men on Velletri. His infantry managed to force Porta Napoletana and enter the town. Once in the town the columns headed towards Palazzo Ginnetti, where King Charles was staying, but in the meantime the King had been able to escape and take refuge in Villa Antonelli, the seat of the tactical headquarters, where his bodyguard of some 800 men was located and from where he subsequently directed the battle.\
Gages, who was at Artemisio, realizing what was happening, alerted the right wing of the Neapolitan army to attempt a counterattack. In the meantime, Brown\'s infantry had begun to pillage the town, thus losing the opportunity to inflict a decisive defeat on the Neapolitans. Brown, who saw that his force now was in danger of encirclement, had no other option than to order a retreat, which began around 7 AM and by 9 AM, most of his troops were back in the Austrian camp. They had taken 574 prisoners (including General Mariani, and 74 officers), 12 flags and 3 cavalry standards, but their main goal was not achieved.
The simultaneous attack by the Austrians under command of General Andrássy on the Neapolitan right wing at Artemisio, was also repelled, with the loss of some 500 Austrian casualties.
## Legacy
Raimondo di Sangro took part in the battle of Velletri, distinguishing himself for his courage and skill. Act 3 of the drama *Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino* by Ángel de Saavedra, Duke of Rivas, and the opera *La forza del destino* by Giuseppe Verdi, based on Saavedra\'s play, is set during the Battle of Velletri
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# Drammen Station
**Drammen Station** (*Drammen stasjon*) is a railway station located in downtown Drammen in Buskerud, Norway.
## History
Drammen Station was first opened in 1866 in Conjunction with the opening of the Randsfjorden Line. The station is the terminus of the Sørlandet Line, the Drammen Line and the Vestfold Line.
The station is served by the Oslo Commuter Rail to Oslo, Kongsberg and Eidsvoll, regional trains on the Vestfold Line and express trains to Bergen on the Bergen Line and to Kristiansand on the Sørlandet Line. From 20 August 2009, the station became the terminus of the Airport Express Train
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10,072,960 |
# John Alcock (behavioral ecologist)
**John Alcock** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|l|k|ɒ|k}}`{=mediawiki}; November 13, 1942 -- January 15, 2023) was an American behavioral ecologist and author. He was the Emeritus\' Professor in the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University.
His research interests include the evolution of diversity in insect populations, studying the adaptive value of different ways in which males find mating partners. He authored several books, including *The Kookaburras\' Song: Exploring Animal Behavior in Australia* (1988), *Sonoran Desert Summer* (1990), *The Triumph of Sociobiology* (2003), and *Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach* (tenth edition, 2013). He authored *Sonoran Desert Spring* (1994) which was illustrated by Marilyn Hoff Stewart, and also authored *In a Desert Garden: Love and Death Among the Insects* (1999) illustrated by Turid Forsyth.
Alcock was one of the original scientists to participate in the Ask A Biologist program.
Alcock performed extensive research and was the leading authority on the bee *Centris pallida* which is common in Arizona. Most of this research was performed in the late 1970s.
Alcock completed his undergraduate degree at Amherst College (1965) and his Ph.D. at Harvard University (1969).
Alcock died on January 15, 2023, at the age of 80.
## Books
- *Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach*, Sinauer Associates
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# Isabelle Nanty
**Isabelle Nanty** (`{{IPA|fr|izabɛl nɑ̃ti}}`{=mediawiki}; born 21 January 1962) is a French actress, film and theatre director and screenwriter.
## Career
Nanty was a teacher for several years at the Cours Florent. She then received a nomination for the César Award for Most Promising Actress for her performance in *Tatie Danielle* (1990), and two nominations for the César Award for Best Supporting Actress for *Amélie* (2001) and *Not on the Lips* (2003).
She\'s also known for her roles in *La Belle Histoire* (1992) directed by Claude Lelouch, *Les Visiteurs* (1993), *Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra* (2002), and her leading roles in *Les Tuche* (2011), *Serial Teachers* (2013) and its sequel *Serial Teachers 2* (2015).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 2004, Nanty adopted Tallulah, a one-and-a-half-year-old girl, born in 2002 in China.
## Theater
### Actress
Year Title Author Director
---------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
1984 *Le Sablier* Nina Companeez Nina Companeez
1987 *Richard III* William Shakespeare Francis Huster
*Dom Juan* Molière Francis Huster
1988 *The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs* Simone Benmussa Nina Companeez
1992 *Saloperies de merde* Michael Cohen Michael Cohen
1993 *The Seagull* Anton Chekhov Isabelle Nanty
1994--95 *Tartuffe* Molière Jacques Weber
1996 *Robin des Bois, d\'à peu près Alexandre Dumas* Pierre-François Martin-Laval & Marina Foïs Pierre-François Martin-Laval
1997 *Le Goût de la hiérarchie* Édouard Baer Édouard Baer
*Les loutres ne jouent pas du ukulélé* Pierre-François Martin-Laval Pierre-François Martin-Laval
1998 *Du désavantage du vent* Éric Ruf Éric Ruf
2008--09 *Les Deux Canards* Tristan Bernard & Alfred Athis Alain Sachs
2012 *Colors* Esteban Perroy & Franck Porquiet Alain Sachs
2020 *Summer of 85* Mme Robin François Ozon
### Director
Year Title Author
------ ------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
1993 *The Seagull* Anton Tchekhov
1994 *Journal de Vaslav Nijinski* Vaslav Nijinsky
1997 *Décalages* Gad Elmaleh
2001 *Cravate club* Fabrice Roger-Lacan
*La Vie normale* Gad Elmaleh
2005 *Aujourd\'hui, c\'est Ferrier* Julie Ferrier
*L\'Autre c\'est moi* Gad Elmaleh
2006 *Arthur en vrai* Arthur
2007 *Irrésistible* Fabrice Roger-Lacan
2011 *Quelqu\'un comme vous* Fabrice Roger-Lacan
2012 *Garçon manqué* Andy Cocq
2013 *52e Gala de l\'Union des artistes* Elsa Caillart
2014 *Sur le fil* Virginie Hocq
2016 *Je vous écoute* Bénabar
2017 *L\'Hôtel du libre échange* Georges Feydeau & Maurice Desvallières
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# Isabelle Nanty
## Filmography
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Year | Title | Role | Director | Notes |
+===============+=======================================+=================================+===========================================+=====================================================+
| 1983 | *Le faucon* | Radio host | Paul Boujenah | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1985 | *Red Kiss* | Jeanine | Véra Belmont | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1986 | *On a volé Charlie Spencer!* | The little blond | Francis Huster | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Un moment d\'inattention* | Claudine | Liliane de Kermadec | TV movie |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Les aventuriers du Nouveau-Monde* | Bernadette | Allan Kroeker, Victor Vicas, \... | TV mini-series |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1987 | *Beatrice* | The baby-sitter | Bertrand Tavernier | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1988 | *Preuve d\'amour* | Anne-Marie | Miguel Courtois | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1989 | *Les deux Fragonard* | Lisette | Philippe Le Guay | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1990 | *Tatie Danielle* | Sandrine Vonnier | Étienne Chatiliez | Nominated - César Award for Most Promising Actress |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *L\'Autrichienne* | Queen Milliot | Pierre Granier-Deferre | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1992 | *La Belle Histoire* | Isabelle | Claude Lelouch | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Sexes faibles!* | Douce Mamirolle | Serge Meynard | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1993 | *Les Visiteurs* | Fabienne Morlot | Jean-Marie Poiré | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Départ en vacances* | Mother | Daniel Delume | Short |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *L\'instit* | Christiane | Jacques Ertaud | TV series (1 episode) |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1994 | *Les amoureux* | Maryline | Catherine Corsini | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *La folie douce* | Gloria | Frédéric Jardin | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Pourquoi maman est dans mon lit?* | Police Inspector | Patrick Malakian | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1995 | *Happiness Is in the Field* | Worker | Étienne Chatiliez | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1996 | *Il faut que ça brille!* | The woman | Pascale Pouzadoux | Short |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Le secret d\'Iris* | Evelyne | Élisabeth Rappeneau | TV movie |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *La femme de la forêt* | Valentine | Arnaud Sélignac | TV mini-series |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *L\'histoire du samedi* | Antoinette | Denys Granier-Deferre | TV series (1 episode) |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1997 | *Qui va Pino va sano* | Anne-France | Fabrice Roger-Lacan | Short |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Inspecteur Médeuze* | Nadège | Étienne Méry | TV series (1 episode) |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1998 | *Serial Lover* | Isabelle | James Huth | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Ça reste entre nous* | Martine | Martin Lamotte | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Moi, j\'ai pas la télé* | The mother | Pauline Baer | Short |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1999 | *L\'origine de la tendresse* | Elise | Alain-Paul Mallard | Short |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2000 | *Taking Wing* | Artistic counselor | Steve Suissa | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *La bostella* | Mathilda | Édouard Baer | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Les frères Soeur* | Marion | Frédéric Jardin | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2001 | *Amélie* | Georgette | Jean-Pierre Jeunet | Nominated - César Award for Best Supporting Actress |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *17 rue Bleue* | Françoise | Chad Chenouga | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2002 | *Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra* | Itinéris | Alain Chabat | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *3 zéros* | Sylvie | Fabien Onteniente | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Edouard est marrant* | Herself | Riton Liebman | Short |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *À l\'abri des regards indiscrets* | Rich Mother | Ruben Alves & Hugo Gélin | Short |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Au suivant!* | Jo | Jeanne Biras | Short |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2003 | *Not on the Lips* | Arlette Poumaillac | Alain Resnais | Nominated - César Award for Best Supporting Actress |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Toutes les filles sont folles* | Vanille | Pascale Pouzadoux | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Le bison (et sa voisine Dorine)* | Dorine | Isabelle Nanty | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2004 | *J\'me sens pas belle* | Charlotte | Bernard Jeanjean | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Casablanca Driver* | Léa Driver | Maurice Barthélemy | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2006 | *Essaye-moi* | Jacqueline\'s mother | Pierre-François Martin-Laval | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Désaccord parfait* | Rageaud | Antoine de Caunes | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2007 | *Santa Closed* | Danielle | Douglas Attal | Short |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2008 | *Disco* | The Baroness | Fabien Onteniente | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Agathe Cléry* | Joëlle | Étienne Chatiliez | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2009 | *Incognito* | Alexandra | Éric Lavaine | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Trésor* | Brigitte | Claude Berri & François Dupeyron | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *King Guillaume* | Paméla-Gisèle | Pierre-François Martin-Laval | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2010 | *Le grand restaurant* | A client | Gérard Pullicino | TV movie |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Au siècle de Maupassant* | Julie Follavoine | Gérard Jourd\'hui | TV series (1 episode) |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2010--2017 | *Fais pas ci, fais pas ça* | Christiane Potin | Laurent Dussaux, Cathy Verney, \... | TV series (12 episodes) |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2011 | *Les Tuche* | Cathy Tuche | Olivier Baroux | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2012 | *The Players* | Christine | Michel Hazanavicius | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Cendrillon au Far West* | The Grand Duchess | Pascal Hérold | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2013 | *Serial Teachers* | Gladys | Pierre-François Martin-Laval | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Queens of the Ring* | Sandrine Pédrono | Jean-Marc Rudnicki | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Scènes de ménages* | Liliane\'s friend | Francis Duquet | TV series (2 episodes) |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Le bureau des affaires sexistes* | The judge | Tristan Aurouet | TV series short (24 episodes) |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2014 | *Le mystère des jonquilles* | Willard | Jean-Pierre Mocky | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Le grimoire d\'Arkandias* | Bertha Boucher | Alexandre Castagnetti & Julien Simonet | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Couleur locale* | Marianne | Coline Serreau & Samuel Tasinaje | TV movie |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Resistance* | Paulette | Miguel Courtois, David Delrieux, \... | TV mini-series |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2015 | *Serial Teachers 2* | Gladys | Pierre-François Martin-Laval | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *SODA : le rêve américain* | Marie-Amélie | Nath Dumont | TV movie |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Casting(s)* | Herself | Hugo Gélin & Pierre Niney | TV series (1 episode) |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *Peplum* | Forta | Philippe Lefebvre | TV series (12 episodes) |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2016 | *Les Tuche 2* | Cathy Tuche | Olivier Baroux | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | *West Coast* | Copkiller & King Kong\'s Mother | Benjamin Weill | |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 2016--present | *Munch* | Gabrielle Munchovski | Nicolas Guicheteau, Frédéric Berthe, \..
| 1,139 |
Isabelle Nanty
| 1 |
10,072,978 |
# Kera railway station
**Kera** is a station on the Helsinki commuter rail network located in the neighborhood of the same name in the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between stations Kilo railway station and Kauniainen railway station. It is located about 15 km to the northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.
## History
The station is named after a ceramics factory, which took in clay from a nearby field. The factory\'s names have included:
- Viherlaakson kattotiili OY
- Saviteollisuus OY
- Grankullan Saviteollisuus OY
- Kera OY (from 1936)
The factory\'s products have included flower pots, Finnish rooster-whistles, pans, trays, tea pots, ash trays and air moisturisers. Particular attention was paid to the usability and stackability of the items.
The factory\'s business ended in 1958 because of large fires, foreign import of cheap ceramics, the introduction of plastic, and the rise of Arabia as the largest ceramics factory in the Helsinki conurbation.
## Departure tracks {#departure_tracks}
Kera railway station has two platform tracks.
- Track 1 is used by commuter trains `{{Ric|HSL|U}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{Ric|HSL|L}}`{=mediawiki} to Kirkkonummi and `{{Ric|HSL|E}}`{=mediawiki} to Kauklahti.
- Track 2 is used by commuter trains `{{Ric|HSL|U}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{Ric|HSL|L}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{Ric|HSL|E}}`{=mediawiki} to Helsinki
| 199 |
Kera railway station
| 0 |
10,072,979 |
# Rudzani Ramudzuli
**Rudzani Ramudzuli** (born 10 May 1983 in Nzhelele, Transvaal) is a South African association footballer, who last played for Supersport United in the Premier Soccer League
| 29 |
Rudzani Ramudzuli
| 0 |
10,072,985 |
# Indiana (Jon McLaughlin album)
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 210, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Billboard200|81|artist=Jon McLaughlin|id=305141|rowheader=true|accessdate=July 29, 2016}}
^
``
| 23 |
Indiana (Jon McLaughlin album)
| 0 |
10,073,013 |
# Serendipity (software)
**Serendipity** is a blog and web-based content management system written in PHP and available under a BSD license. It supports PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite database backends, the Smarty template engine, and a plugin architecture for user contributed modifications.
Serendipity is available through a number of \"one-click install\" services such as Installatron.
## Features
Serendipity\'s plugin architecture allows users to modify both the appearance of the blog and its features.
Serendipity\'s SPARTACUS plugin automatically checks the central repository for plugins/templates upgrades and new functionality whenever a user checks the list. Users can install more than 120 plugins.
- WYSIWYG and HTML editing
- Built-in media database, can add media from URL or local file
- Multiple authors, configurable permission/usergroup system
- Threaded comments, nested categories, post to multiple categories
- Multiple languages (internationalization)
- Online plugin and template repository for easy plug-and-play installation
- Drag-and-drop sidebar plugins organization
- Category-based sub-blogs
- Static Pages
- Podcasting
- RSS planet/aggregator
- Spam blocking
- Tag support
- One-click upgrading from any version
- Can be embedded into your existing web pages
- Standards-compliant templating through Smarty
- Remote blogging via XML-RPC
- BSD-style licensing
- Multiple Database support (SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MySQLi)
- Shared installations can power multiple blogs from just one codebase
- Native import from earlier blog applications (WordPress, Textpattern, Moveable Type, bblog, etc.)
- Search engine-friendly permalink structure
- TrackBack and Pingback
- default template for frontend and backend have responsive web design
## History
The Serendipity project was started by Jannis Hermanns in the winter of 2002, then still called *jBlog*. Due to a naming conflict with an existing blog publishing system, Sterling Hughes suggested the name *serendipity*. This suggestion is based on an Essay by Sam Ruby. The short form *s9y* stems from abbreviations such as *i18n* for *internationalization* where the number represents the amount of omitted letters*.* Today the project is maintained by Garvin Hicking.
## Book
The first book about Serendipity was published in German by OpenSourcePress: Serendipity - Individuelle Weblogs für Einsteiger und Profis. The publisher donated the book\'s copyright to the Serendipity project, who has released it under a CC-BY-NC-SA license and made a GitHub repository available online
| 367 |
Serendipity (software)
| 0 |
10,073,022 |
# Boyce baronets
The **Boyce Baronetcy**, of Badgeworth in the County of Gloucester, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 24 November 1952 for the Australia-born Conservative politician Leslie Boyce. He represented Gloucester in the House of Commons from 1929 to 1945. `{{As of|2010}}`{=mediawiki} the title is now held by his grandson, the third Baronet, who succeeded his father in 1968.
## Boyce baronets, of Badgeworth (1952) {#boyce_baronets_of_badgeworth_1952}
- Sir (Harold) Leslie Boyce, 1st Baronet (1895--1955)
- Sir Richard Leslie Boyce, 2nd Baronet (1929--1968)
- Sir Robert Charles Leslie Boyce, 3rd Baronet (born 1962)
The heir apparent is the present holder\'s son Thomas Leslie Boyce (born 1993)
| 114 |
Boyce baronets
| 0 |
10,073,050 |
# Jean Cau (writer)
`{{Conservatism in France|Intellectuals}}`{=mediawiki} **Jean Cau** (8 July 1925, in Bram, Aude -- 18 June 1993) was a French writer and journalist.
Born in Bram, Aude, he was secretary to Jean-Paul Sartre, after which he was a journalist and reporter for *L\'Express*, *Figaro*, and *Paris Match*. In 1961, he was awarded the Prix Goncourt for his novel *The Mercy of God*. Cau also wrote several works about bullfighting and Spain.
In addition to novels and journalism, he wrote two plays as well as co-writing the screenplay for the successful 1970 French gangster film Borsalino (film) starring Alain Delon. He collaborated on the screenplays or television scripts for several other productions.
From the 1970s onwards he grew close to GRECE and his writings became infused with a sun-worshipping neopaganism. Jacques Marlaud dedicated an entire chapter to Cau in his study on contemporary literary and philosophical paganism
| 148 |
Jean Cau (writer)
| 0 |
10,073,080 |
# Suhang
**Suhang** (苏杭) is the region of China encompassing the cities of Suzhou and Hangzhou (in the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, respectively).
There is a Chinese saying that translates as \"above, there is heaven; below, there is Suzhou and Hangzhou\" (上有天堂, 下有蘇杭 or 上有天堂, 下有苏杭; pinyin: shàng yǒu tiāntáng, xià yǒu sūháng), referring to the legendary beauty of this region
| 62 |
Suhang
| 0 |
10,073,110 |
# Jaime Caetano Braun
**Jayme Guilherme Caetano Braun** (Bossoroca, January 30, 1924 -- Porto Alegre, July 8, 1999) was a Brazilian folk musician, poet and composer.
**Jayme** was the most famous payador of Rio Grande do Sul and had great participation in the dissemination of the gaúcho culture in Brazil and the world. Between 1973 and 1988, he had a weekly radio program on Radio Guaíba.
There is a statue of him Porto Alegre
| 74 |
Jaime Caetano Braun
| 0 |
10,073,112 |
# Come Clean (Curve album)
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 149, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{Album chart|UK|103|M|url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_C.HTM|title=Chart Log UK: Chris C. – CZR|publisher=Zobbel
| 24 |
Come Clean (Curve album)
| 0 |
10,073,145 |
# Industry (EP)
***Industry*** (also known as ***Jon McL***) is the first official release by American rock singer-songwriter Jon McLaughlin as a signed artist with Island Records. The four-song EP by Jon McLaughlin, released on February 20, 2007, contains songs from his May 2007-released debut album *Indiana*. The first single from the EP was the promoting \"Industry\". Though second single \"Beautiful Disaster\" appears on the EP too, it is considered as the first single from *Indiana*.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Industry\" -- 4:01
2. \"Beautiful Disaster\" -- 4:13
3. \"Praying to the Wrong God\" -- 4:08
4
| 98 |
Industry (EP)
| 0 |
10,073,150 |
# Cornford & Cross
**Cornford & Cross** are a collaborative pair of UK artists. **Matthew Cornford** and **David Cross** began working together while studying at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in 1987, graduating from the Royal College of Art in 1991.
They have produced installations for City Limits, EAST International, and In the Midst of Things. Their project, *Childhood's End*, was produced by Film and Video Umbrella and purchased by the Contemporary Art Society [1](https://web.archive.org/web/19991127111208/http://contempart.org.uk/) in 2001. Their work has been exhibited in the UK at the Bluecoat Gallery [2](https://web.archive.org/web/20070401130232/http://www.bluecoatartscentre.com/) of Liverpool, the Northern Gallery of Contemporary Art, the Institute of Contemporary Arts, The Photographers\' Gallery, and the South London Gallery. Their work has also been displayed in the United States at the Basekamp Gallery of Philadelphia, the Marcel Sitcoske Gallery of San Francisco, and the Nikolai Fine Art gallery of New York City. In 2000 they held an Arts Council residency at the London School of Economics, and in 2004 a British Council artists' residency in Guangzhou, China.
## Selected works {#selected_works}
Their 1996 work *Camelot*, provoked local controversy after the artists erected steel security fencing around grass areas in Albion Square, Stoke-on-Trent as part of a public commission.
In 1998, for *10*, they advertised in Derby for contestants to take part in a beauty contest. A computer analysed photographs of the participants and picked out the most symmetrical faces. The enlarged images of the winners were put in order of their \'percentage of beauty\'
| 249 |
Cornford & Cross
| 0 |
10,073,152 |
# Samsun Atatürk Anatolian High School
**Samsun Atatürk Anatolian High School** (*Samsun Anadolu Lisesi*) is an Anatolian High School, educating in its historical building which is established in Samsun city, Turkey.
## Education
Its education is based on Anatolian High School System, and it is one of the most selective High-Schools in Black Sea coast of Turkey, and the most selective Anatolian High School in Samsun. (According to the High-School Entrance Exam Statistics (1)) Educating language is Turkish. English and German are compulsory foreign languages.
Due to the Turkish Education System in 10th grade of school, students select one of the three sections, which are \"Foreign Language Based\", \"Maths-Science Based\" and \"Turkish-Maths Based\". Although the hours of each courses change in this sections, students are responsible all of the main courses like Maths, Turkish, Physics, History etc. Also students can take courses like Drawing, Music, Computer Science, PE etc.
## Building and Laboratories {#building_and_laboratories}
The school has physics, chemistry, biology and computer science laboratories; and also music, drawing and foreign languages rooms.
## History
***Before Republic***
In the last quarter of the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire, which was trying to reform its educational system, did several enterprises to French Education Ministry, after all of these enterprises and the success of Galatasaray Sultanisi (which was founded in the control of the French educator M.Savier), the Ottomans decided to open Sultanis in every region.
Because of these decisions, Samsun Atatürk Anatolian High School opened with the name \"Samsun Sultanisi\" as the first and the only Sultani in Samsun.
In 1914 it served as a military hospital, and on 14 March 1919 with the occupation of Samsun by British forces, its building was used as the Headquarters of (Samsun) British Occupation Forces.
***After Republic*** After 1923 the school building was used as an Orphans\' House. In 1927 the school opened as a high school again and was renamed Samsun Lisesi (Samsun High-School).
On 26 October 1930, the school was visited by Atatürk, and he said one of his most famous quotes there, *\"Teachers, we set up the Republic but you are the ones who will cause it to rise and make it live. Republic wants you generations which have free mind, free conscience, free knowledge and high character.The real lighter in life is Science.\"*
In 1998 it became an Anatolian High School and took the name \"Ataturk Anatolian High School\"
| 398 |
Samsun Atatürk Anatolian High School
| 0 |
10,073,167 |
# Leopoldo Zea Aguilar
**Leopoldo Zea Aguilar** (June 30, 1912 -- June 8, 2004) was a Mexican philosopher.
## Biography
Zea was born in Mexico City.
One of the integral Latin Americanism thinkers in history, Zea became famous thanks to his master\'s thesis, *El Positivismo en México* (*Positivism in Mexico*, 1943), in which he applied and studied positivism in the context of his country and the world during the transition between the 19th and 20th centuries. With it he began the defense of American Integration, first suggested by the Liberator and Statesman Simón Bolívar, giving it his own interpretation based in the context of neocolonialism during the separation of the American Empire and Mexico.
In his works, Zea demonstrates that historical facts aren\'t independent from ideas, and that they do not arise from what is considered unusual, but from simple reactions to certain situations of human life.
In his vision of a united Latin America, he defended his beliefs concerning the place of mankind in the region. Zea explained that the *discovery* of 1492 was nothing more than a *concealment* in cultural and known terms, a product of the ideological cross-breeding of the configuration of the Latin American identity, a matter which he revealed on the 5th centenary in 1992. Later, he studied the ontological analysis of Latin America in the cultural and geo-historical planes.
Being of poor origin, Zea worked in 1933 in the office of *Telégrafos Nacionales* to help afford the costs of his secondary and university education.
Zea was associated with the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) beginning with his training as a professor and philosopher in 1943. In 1947, he founded the Faculty of Philosophy and gave lectures on History of Ideas in America. In 1954, he was appointed to a full-time position as a researcher at the Philosophical Studies Center of the university. In 1966, he became director of the college, holding this position until 1970. During his time as Director he founded the Latin American Studies College (in 1966) and later founded the Coordination and Propagation Center of the UNAM Latin American Studies (1978). He received multiple awards including the Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes in 1980, the Premio Interamericano de Cultura \"Gabriela Mistral\" (of the OAS) and the Medalla Belisario Domínguez (of the Senate of Mexico) in 2000. Three years later he was cataloged and honored by the UNAM as the oldest professor to work continually without interruptions until his death.
Zea was compared to many diverse political, revolutionary, and intellectual personalities, such as Germán Arciniegas (who was his friend), Che Guevara, José Gaos (his mentor), Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, Andrés Bello, Simón Bolívar, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and others.
His philosophy embodied his concept of a united Latin America, not in the terms of a utopia, but based in reality, and the renewal of the fight for a people in demand for said change. As a result, he opened up the discourse to other scholars of the subject in the future.
## Publications
- *Superbus Philosophus*
- *El positivismo en México. Nacimiento, apogeo y decadencia*
- *Apogeo y decadencia del positivismo en México*
- *En torno a una filosofía americana*
- *Esquema para una historia del pensamiento en México*
- *Ensayos sobre filosofía de la historia*
- *Dos etapas del pensamiento en Hispanoamérica*
- *Conciencia y posibilidad del mexicano*
- *La filosofía como compromiso y otros ensayos*
- *América como conciencia*
- *La conciencia del hombre en la filosofía. Introducción à la filosofía*
- *El Occidente y la conciencia de México*
- *América en la conciencia de Europa*
- *La filosofía en México*
- *Del liberalismo à la revolución en la educación mexicana*
- *Esquema para una historia de las ideas en Iberoamérica*
- *América en la historia*
- *Las ideas en Iberoamérica en el siglo XIX*
- *La cultura y el hombre de nuestros días*
- *Democracia y dictaduras en Latinoamérica*
- *Dos ensayos*
- *Latinoamérica y el mundo*
- *Europa al margen de Occidente*
- *Antología del pensamiento social y político en América Latina*
- *Latinoamérica en la formación de nuestro tiempo*
- *El pensamiento latinoamericano*
- *Antología de la filosofía americana contemporánea*
- *La filosofía americana como filosofía sin más*
- *Colonización y descolonización de la cultura latinoamericana*
- *La esencia de lo americano*
- *Latinoamérica
| 720 |
Leopoldo Zea Aguilar
| 0 |
10,073,199 |
# CHOU (AM)
**CHOU** (*إذاعة الشرق الأوسط* *`{{Transliteration|ar|Idhā'at ash-Sharq al-'Awsaṭ}}`{=mediawiki}* ; *Radio Moyen-Orient* ; *Middle East Radio*) is a multilingual Canadian radio station broadcasting in Montreal, Quebec at 1450 kHz and retransmitted at 104.5 MHz. The main programming is in Arabic language and caters for various Arab and Middle Eastern communities in Greater Montreal and vicinity in Arabic including Lebanese, Syrian, Egyptian and Maghrebi dialects. CHOU also runs a two-hour weekly show in Armenian. It is also offered online and on various applications.
In 2016, Middle East Radio also launched CHHU-FM (99.1 MHz) in Halifax, Nova Scotia, with a multicultural/multilingual programming licence, with most of its programming in the Arabic language in addition to various multilingual programming in 10 different languages.
## History
The station started its Arabic programming in 1996. For almost 10 years, and until early 2007, the station used SCMO (Subsidiary Communications Multiplex Operations) service located under the main carrier of CISM-FM. Subscribing listeners would have to buy special receiving devices to be able to tune in to the broadcasts.
Radio Moyen-Orient/Middle East Radio received approval to broadcast on 1450 by the CRTC on March 15, 2006, enabling the station to broadcast starting January 18, 2007 on the newly assigned AM channel without any need for acquiring special devices by listeners. This resulted in a big increase in the listenership of the station. The 1450 kHz frequency had been previously used by CHEF, a station in Granby, approximately 60 km east of Montreal. That station had stopped operations in 1996 and the frequency was reallocated to CHOU.
Middle East Radio main studios are located on de Meulles Avenue in the Cartierville region of Montreal. CHOU broadcasts on 1450 kHz with a power of 2,000 watts as a class B station, using an omnidirectional antenna. It was originally authorized to use only 1,000 watts; the power increase was implemented after being authorized in 2008.
On October 1, 2013, CHOU submitted an application to the CRTC for a new FM transmitter in St-Léonard, on the east end of Montreal Island, which was to operate at 104.5 MHz with 50 watts. The application was denied by the CRTC on October 7, 2014, as they felt that there were no broadcasting deficiencies of the 1450 AM signal within its immediate broadcast area, in addition to interference concerns with CKDG-FM 105.1, and CBME-FM\'s 104.7 transmitter in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, on the west side of Montreal. However, on February 26, 2016, the CRTC reversed course and approved the transmitter application. The FM retransmitter with a height of 60 meters (200 feet), is located near Pie-IX Blvd, and broadcasts mainly cover Eastern Montreal at a low power of 49 watts, but its FM signal reportedly reach parts of Western Montreal, Ahunstic, Ville Saint Laurent and Laval as well, which is a similar coverage as for the AM signal. Unlike other FM stations, the CHOU-1-FM 104.5 FM retransmitting signal is in mono.
### Ownership
The station is owned and operated by 9015-2018 Québec inc., an independent company doing business under the name \"Radio Moyen Orient du Canada\". The broadcaster received approval to broadcast by the CRTC on March 15, 2006, and began broadcasting on January 18, 2007 with an AM signal on 1450 AM. The two founders/owners of the radio station are Antoine (Tony) Karam and Zeina El-Soueidi.
### Expansion to Halifax, Nova Scotia {#expansion_to_halifax_nova_scotia}
On September 15, 2015, Middle East Radio\'s application for its second radio station channel with a multicultural and multilingual programming licence in Halifax, Nova Scotia was approved by the CRTC. The new station was assigned the call sign CHHU-FM and started broadcasting on 99.1 MHz/FM with a power of 600 watts. The station is owned by Radio Moyen-Orient (in English Middle East Radio) and licensed to Antoine (Tony) Karam (on behalf of a corporation to be incorporated) receiving CRTC approval.
CHHU-FM will eventually broadcast programming in ten languages, though its main target audience will be Halifax\'s Arabic-speaking community, as the station will broadcast exclusively in Arabic during the day and in other languages during night hours. CHHU-FM currently has no studio in the Halifax area, though they intend on building one in the future; in the interim, programming originates from a dedicated studio at the Montreal sister station, CHOU. where there is a studio dedicated to Halifax programming. CHHU-FM began testing on 99.1 MHz on February 26, 2016 and began regular broadcasting in April 2016.
### Further planned expansions {#further_planned_expansions}
The Middle East Radio media group also announced that expansion to Halifax will be part of a larger network that will share on-air content. Antoine (Tony) Karam said that his company was building a bigger network that will expand further to Ottawa and Edmonton where there are sizable Arab Canadian communities.
## Format
CHOU has a variety format which mainly targets the local Arabic community; most of its programming is accordingly done using the various Arabic dialects including:
- Lebanese dialect
- Syrian dialect
- Egyptian dialect
- Iraqi dialect
- Maghrebi Arabic dialects from Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco.
The station covers local, artistic and religious events for many MENA (Middle East and North Africa) communities in Quebec and Canada.
CHOU also carries news and discussion programming from *Voice of Lebanon* and Monte Carlo Doualiya.
CHOU also runs a two-hour weekly show in Armenian
| 882 |
CHOU (AM)
| 0 |
10,073,202 |
# 1965 Ryder Cup
The **16th Ryder Cup Matches** were held 7--9 October 1965 at Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport, England. For the first time commercialisation started to make a presence on site. The United States team won the competition by a score of 19`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} to 12`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} points.
## Format
The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1963 through 1971 the competition format was as follows:
- **Day 1** --- 8 foursomes (alternate shot) matches, 4 each in morning and afternoon sessions
- **Day 2** --- 8 four-ball (better ball) matches, 4 each in morning and afternoon sessions
- **Day 3** --- 16 singles matches, 8 each in morning and afternoon sessions
With a total of 32 points, 16`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 18 holes.
## Teams
Source:
The British team was determined using a points system. Compared to the system used in 1963, there was more emphasis on high finishes, points only being allocated to the leading 20 rather than the leading 40. Points were based on the actual finishing position, whereas previously non-eligible players had been excluded in determining positions. In addition, points were earned in a number of invitation events, including the Dunlop Masters, the Martini International and the Esso Golden Tournament. The Open champion remained an automatic choice but the News of the World Match Play champion was no longer guaranteed a place. Counting tournaments started with the 1964 Carroll Sweet Afton Tournament and finished with the 1965 Esso Golden Tournament. For the 1965 event the British PGA reduced the period that a tournament professional had to wait before becoming eligible for the Ryder Cup team from five years to three. This meant that ex-amateur golfers like Guy Wolstenholme (who turned professional in late 1960) and Doug Sewell (1961) became eligible. The field for the 1965 Esso Golden Tournament were the first 15 in the Ryder Cup points list. Before the event the leading seven were guaranteed their place in the team; the remaining eight being in contention for the three remaining places. Jimmy Hitchcock and Dave Thomas who were 8th and 9th before the event retained their places in the top 10 but Wolstenholme, who started 10th, was passed by George Will, the winner of the tournament.
-------------------------
**Team Great Britain**
Name
Harry Weetman
Peter Alliss
Peter Butler
Neil Coles
Jimmy Hitchcock
Bernard Hunt
Jimmy Martin
Christy O\'Connor Snr
Lionel Platts
Dave Thomas
George Will
-------------------------
Despite having won his fourth major title as a professional at the Masters Tournament in April, 25-year-old Jack Nicklaus was not a member of the U.S. team. Eligibility rules set by the PGA prevented him from participating in the Ryder Cup until 1969. He competed as a player through 1981, missing only the 1979 edition, and was the non-playing captain of the U.S. team in 1983 and 1987.
Pott did not play due to a back injury.
---------------
**Team USA**
Name
Byron Nelson
Julius Boros
Billy Casper
Tommy Jacobs
Don January
Tony Lema
Gene Littler
Dave Marr
Arnold Palmer
Johnny Pott
Ken Venturi
---------------
## Thursday\'s matches {#thursdays_matches}
### Morning foursomes {#morning_foursomes}
Results
---------------------- --------- --------------------
Platts/Butler 1 up **Boros/Lema**
**Thomas/Will** 6 & 5 Palmer/Marr
Hunt/Coles 2 & 1 **Casper/Littler**
**Alliss/O\'Connor** 5 & 4 Venturi/January
2 Session 2
2 Overall 2
### Afternoon foursomes {#afternoon_foursomes}
Results
---------------------- --------- -----------------
Thomas/Will 6 & 5 **Palmer/Marr**
**Alliss/O\'Connor** 2 & 1 Casper/Littler
Martin/Hitchcock 5 & 4 **Boros/Lema**
**Hunt/Coles** 3 & 2 Venturi/January
2 Session 2
4 Overall 4
## Friday\'s matches {#fridays_matches}
### Morning four-ball {#morning_four_ball}
Results
------------------------ --------- ------------------------
Thomas/Will 1 up **January/Jacobs**
Platts/Butler halved Casper/Littler
Alliss/O\'Connor 6 & 4 **Palmer/Marr**
**Hunt/Coles** 1 up Boros/Lema
1`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session 2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
5`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 6`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
### Afternoon four-ball {#afternoon_four_ball}
Results
------------------------ --------- ------------------------
**Alliss/O\'Connor** 2 up Palmer/Marr
Thomas/Will 1 up **January/Jacobs**
Platts/Butler halved Casper/Littler
Hunt/Coles 1 up **Venturi/Lema**
1`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session 2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
7 Overall 9
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# 1965 Ryder Cup
## Saturday\'s matches {#saturdays_matches}
### Morning singles {#morning_singles}
Results
------------------------ --------- -------------------------
Jimmy Hitchcock 3 & 2 **Arnold Palmer**
Lionel Platts 4 & 2 **Julius Boros**
Peter Butler 1 up **Tony Lema**
Neil Coles 2 up **Dave Marr**
**Bernard Hunt** 2 up Gene Littler
Dave Thomas 2 & 1 **Tommy Jacobs**
**Peter Alliss** 1 up Billy Casper
George Will halved Don January
2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session 5`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
9`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 14`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
### Afternoon singles {#afternoon_singles}
Results
------------------------- --------- -------------------------
Christy O\'Connor 6 & 4 **Tony Lema**
Jimmy Hitchcock 2 & 1 **Julius Boros**
Peter Butler 2 up **Arnold Palmer**
**Peter Alliss** 3 & 1 Ken Venturi
**Neil Coles** 3 & 2 Billy Casper
George Will 2 & 1 **Gene Littler**
Bernard Hunt 1 up **Dave Marr**
**Lionel Platts** 1 up Tommy Jacobs
3 Session 5
12`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 19`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
## Individual player records {#individual_player_records}
Each entry refers to the win--loss--half record of the player.
Source:
### Great Britain {#great_britain}
Player Points Overall Singles Foursomes Fourballs
------------------- -------- --------- --------- ----------- -----------
Peter Alliss 5 5--1--0 2--0--0 2--0--0 1--1--0
Peter Butler 1 0--3--2 0--2--0 0--1--0 0--0--2
Neil Coles 3 3--3--0 1--1--0 1--1--0 1--1--0
Jimmy Hitchcock 0 0--3--0 0--2--0 0--1--0 0--0--0
Bernard Hunt 3 3--3--0 1--1--0 1--1--0 1--1--0
Jimmy Martin 0 0--1--0 0--0--0 0--1--0 0--0--0
Christy O\'Connor 3 3--2--0 0--1--0 2--0--0 1--1--0
Lionel Platts 2 1--2--2 1--1--0 0--1--0 0--0--2
Dave Thomas 1 1--4--0 0--1--0 1--1--0 0--2--0
George Will 1.5 1--4--1 0--1--1 1--1--0 0--2--0
### United States {#united_states}
Player Points Overall Singles Foursomes Fourballs
--------------- -------- --------- --------- ----------- -----------
Julius Boros 4 4--1--0 2--0--0 2--0--0 0--1--0
Billy Casper 2 1--3--2 0--2--0 1--1--0 0--0--2
Tommy Jacobs 3 3--1--0 1--1--0 0--0--0 2--0--0
Don January 2.5 2--2--1 0--0--1 0--2--0 2--0--0
Tony Lema 5 5--1--0 2--0--0 2--0--0 1--1--0
Gene Littler 3 2--2--2 1--1--0 1--1--0 0--0--2
Dave Marr 4 4--2--0 2--0--0 1--1--0 1--1--0
Arnold Palmer 4 4--2--0 2--0--0 1--1--0 1--1--0
Ken Venturi 1 1--3--0 0--1--0 0--2--0 1--0--0
Johnny Pott did not play in any matches
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# Tropical cyclone rainfall forecasting
`{{Tropicalcyclone}}`{=mediawiki} **Tropical cyclone rainfall forecasting** involves using scientific models and other tools to predict the precipitation expected in tropical cyclones such as hurricanes and typhoons. Knowledge of tropical cyclone rainfall climatology is helpful in the determination of a tropical cyclone rainfall forecast. More rainfall falls in advance of the center of the cyclone than in its wake. The heaviest rainfall falls within its central dense overcast and eyewall. Slow moving tropical cyclones, like Hurricane Danny and Hurricane Wilma, can lead to the highest rainfall amounts due to prolonged heavy rains over a specific location. However, vertical wind shear leads to decreased rainfall amounts, as rainfall is favored downshear and slightly left of the center and the upshear side is left devoid of rainfall. The presence of hills or mountains near the coast, as is the case across much of Mexico, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, much of Central America, Madagascar, Réunion, China, and Japan act to magnify amounts on their windward side due to forced ascent causing heavy rainfall in the mountains. A strong system moving through the mid latitudes, such as a cold front, can lead to high amounts from tropical systems, occurring well in advance of its center. Movement of a tropical cyclone over cool water will also limit its rainfall potential. A combination of factors can lead to exceptionally high rainfall amounts, as was seen during Hurricane Mitch in Central America.
Use of forecast models can help determine the magnitude and pattern of the rainfall expected. Climatology and persistence models, such as r-CLIPER, can create a baseline for tropical cyclone rainfall forecast skill. Simplified forecast models, such as the Kraft technique and the eight and sixteen-inch rules, can create quick and simple rainfall forecasts, but come with a variety of assumptions which may not be true, such as assuming average forward motion, average storm size, and a knowledge of the rainfall observing network the tropical cyclone is moving towards. The forecast method of TRaP assumes that the rainfall structure the tropical cyclone currently has changes little over the next 24 hours. The global forecast model which shows the most skill in forecasting tropical cyclone-related rainfall in the United States is the ECMWF IFS (Integrated Forecasting System).
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# Tropical cyclone rainfall forecasting
## Rainfall distribution around a tropical cyclone {#rainfall_distribution_around_a_tropical_cyclone}
A larger proportion of rainfall falls in advance of the center (or eye) than after the center\'s passage, with the highest percentage falling in the right-front quadrant. A tropical cyclone\'s highest rainfall rates can lie in the right rear quadrant within a training (non-moving) inflow band. Rainfall is found to be strongest in their inner core, within a degree of latitude of the center, with lesser amounts farther away from the center. Most of the rainfall in hurricanes is concentrated within its radius of gale-force winds. Larger tropical cyclones have larger rain shields, which can lead to higher rainfall amounts farther from the cyclone\'s center. Storms which have moved slowly, or loop, lead to the highest rainfall amounts. Riehl calculated that 33.97 in of rainfall per day can be expected within one-half degree, or 35 mi, of the center of a mature tropical cyclone. Many tropical cyclones progress at a forward motion of 10 knots, which would limit the duration of this excessive rainfall to around one-quarter of a day, which would yield about 8.50 in of rainfall. This would be true over water, within 100 mi of the coastline, and outside topographic features. As a cyclone moves farther inland and is cut off from its supply of warmth and moisture (the ocean), rainfall amounts from tropical cyclones and their remains decrease quickly.`{{US States Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}}`{=mediawiki}
### Vertical wind shear {#vertical_wind_shear}
Vertical wind shear forces the rainfall pattern around a tropical cyclone to become highly asymmetric, with most of the precipitation falling to the left and downwind of the shear vector, or downshear left. In other words, southwesterly shear forces the bulk of the rainfall north-northeast of the center. If the wind shear is strong enough, the bulk of the rainfall will move away from the center leading to what is known as an exposed circulation center. When this occurs, the potential magnitude of rainfall with the tropical cyclone will be significantly reduced.
### Interaction with frontal boundaries and upper level troughs {#interaction_with_frontal_boundaries_and_upper_level_troughs}
As a tropical cyclone interacts with an upper-level trough and the related surface front, a distinct northern area of precipitation is seen along the front ahead of the axis of the upper level trough. Surface fronts with precipitable water amounts of 1.46 in or more and upper level divergence overhead east of an upper level trough can lead to significant rainfall. This type of interaction can lead to the appearance of the heaviest rainfall falling along and to the left of the tropical cyclone track, with the precipitation streaking hundreds of miles or kilometers downwind from the tropical cyclone.
### Mountains
Moist air forced up the slopes of coastal hills and mountain chains can lead to much heavier rainfall than in the coastal plain. This heavy rainfall can lead to landslides, which still cause significant loss of life such as seen during Hurricane Mitch in Central America, where several thousand perished.
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# Tropical cyclone rainfall forecasting
## Tools used in preparation of forecast {#tools_used_in_preparation_of_forecast}
### Climatology and persistence {#climatology_and_persistence}
The Hurricane Research Division of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory created the r-CLIPER (rainfall climatology and persistence) model to act as a baseline for all verification regarding tropical cyclone rainfall. The theory is, if the global forecast models cannot beat predictions based on climatology, then there is no skill in their use. There is a definite advantage to using the forecast track with r-CLIPER because it could be run out 120 hours/5 days with the forecast track of any tropical cyclone globally within a short amount of time. The short range variation which uses persistence is the **T**ropical **Ra**infall **P**otential technique (**TRaP**) technique, which uses satellite-derived rainfall amounts from microwave imaging satellites and extrapolates the current rainfall configuration forward for 24 hours along the current forecast track. This technique\'s main flaw is that it assumes a steady state tropical cyclone which undergoes little structural change with time, which is why it is only run forward for 24 hours into the future.
### Numerical weather prediction {#numerical_weather_prediction}
Computer models can be used to diagnose the magnitude of tropical cyclone rainfall. Since forecast models output their information on a grid, they only give a general idea as to the areal coverage of moderate to heavy rainfall. No current forecast models run at a small enough grid scale (1 km or smaller) to be able to detect the absolute maxima measured within tropical cyclones. Of the United States forecasting models, the best performing model for tropical cyclone rainfall forecasting is known as the **GFS**, or **G**lobal **F**orecasting **S**ystem. The GFDL model has been shown to have a high bias concerning the magnitude of heavier core rains within tropical cyclones. Beginning in 2007, the NCEP Hurricane-WRF became available to help predict rainfall from tropical cyclones. Recent verification shows that both the European ECMWF forecast model and North American Mesoscale Model (NAM) show a low bias with heavier rainfall amounts within tropical cyclones.
### Kraft rule {#kraft_rule}
During the late 1950s, this rule of thumb came into being, developed by R. H. Kraft. It was noted from rainfall amounts (in imperial units) reported by the first order rainfall network in the United States that the storm total rainfall fit a simple equation: 100 divided by the speed of motion in knots. This rule works, even in other countries, as long as a tropical cyclone is moving and only the first order or synoptic station network (with observations spaced about 60 mi apart) are used to derive storm totals. Canada uses a modified version of the Kraft rule which divides the results by a factor of two, which takes into account the lower sea surface temperatures seen around Atlantic Canada and the prevalence of systems undergoing vertical wind shear at their northerly latitudes. The main problem with this rule is that the rainfall observing network is denser than either the synoptic reporting network or the first order station networks, which means the absolute maximum is likely to be underestimated. Another problem is that it does not take the size of the tropical cyclone or topography into account
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# Raymond Bark-Jones
**Raymond Bark-Jones** (29 August 1911 -- 2 February 1995) was an English rugby union lock who played international rugby for Wales. He played his club rugby for Waterloo R.F.C. and Cambridge University.
## Rugby career {#rugby_career}
Bark-Jones was educated at Uppingham School, Rutland and from there was accepted into Cambridge University. While at Cambridge he played in the 1932 December Varsity match, along with future Wales international Vivian Jenkins. Bark-Jones played impressively and was tipped as a future Welsh cap by the Western Mail and just a few weeks later, in the Welsh trials, was chosen to represent Wales.
Bark-Jones\' first international game was a Welsh victory over his birth country, England. Wales had failed to win at Twickenham in the first nine attempts, and the Welsh failure at the ground was known as the \'Twickenham bogey\'. Bark-Jones\' line-out play was critical to the Welsh victory. The game ended 7--3, with all the Welsh points scored by Ronnie Boon. Bark-Jones played one more international game in the next match of the Home Nations Championship against Scotland at St Helens.
Bark-Jones was injured at the age of 22 and was forced to retire from rugby. His son Richard Bark Jones continued the rugby tradition at Uppingham, Cambridge and Lancashire.
His family carry on the Rugby tradition with his great-grandsons Sam Halliwell playing 1st team rugby at Shrewsbury and William Halliwell playing 15 A\'s Rugby. A quote from his son Richard Bark- Jones, \"he was one of the best rugby players and a great father\". A quote from his son Neville Bark-Jones, \"he was gentle off the pitch yet fearful on\"
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# Songs I Wrote and Later Recorded
***Songs I Wrote and Later Recorded*** is an independent EP by Jon McLaughlin, released in the United States in May 2005 before signing with Island Records. The second track, \"Anthem for American Teenagers\" was later rerecorded and used on McLaughlin\'s Island Records album debut, *Indiana*.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Conversations\"
2. \"Anthem for American Teenagers\"
3. \"Spot in Line\"
4. \"The Whole World\"
5. \"Love\"
6. \"One of Four\"
7. \"Places I Already Know\"
8
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# Ruarri Joseph
**Ruarri Joseph** (born 3 January 1982) is a Scottish singer-songwriter. He was signed to Atlantic Records and released his debut album, *Tales of Grime and Grit*, in mid-2007 on that label. Joseph is currently continuing his musical career on his own label, Pip Productions, after deciding to leave Atlantic in early 2008. Ruarri released his second album, *Both Sides of The Coin*, in February 2009. Joseph began work on his third studio album, *Shoulder to the Wheel*, later the same year, before releasing it independently in February 2010. The album had a wider physical and download release in November 2010, after Joseph secured a new management deal. His fourth studio album, *Brother*, was released in July 2012.
Since 2016 Ruarri has focused his attention on his new, band project, William the Conqueror.
## Biography
### Early life and career {#early_life_and_career}
Joseph was born in Edinburgh, Scotland and after spending some of his childhood in New Zealand moved to England in his teens. After attempting to pursue a career in London, Joseph moved to Newquay, Cornwall after the birth of his first child.
In Cornwall, Joseph continued his career in music and played in a variety of bands such as Eli Bowen and The Rhythm Doctors. As a solo artist, Joseph played with an acoustic guitar and a piano, occasionally accompanied by a band. He finished recording an EP in 2006, \"All Substance and No Style\", and after a number of live performances in London attracted record label interest. He toured widely in the UK and made several appearances at music festivals including Glastonbury with the Rhythm Doctors in 2004.
### Atlantic Records and *Tales of Grime and Grit* (2007--2008) {#atlantic_records_and_tales_of_grime_and_grit_20072008}
He signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2007. Soon after, Joseph released his debut, digital only EP. *Q* magazine made its lead track, \"Patience\", its track of the day in late April. An 8-track version of his debut album *Tales of Grime and Grit* was released for download on 3 June 2007. The album was released on 9 July, preceded by the lead single, \"Tales of Grime and Grit\", on 2 July. The second single, a revamp of \"Blankets\", was released on 24 September. Recording of the album took place at St Merryn Airfield studios in Cornwall, and was produced by the London-based record producer, Paul Reeve.
On 24 June 2007, Joseph played at the Glastonbury Festival on Stage 1 (left field). He has also supported a variety of large acts, including Funeral for a Friend, Paulo Nutini, and more recently David Gray.
### Post-Atlantic career and *Both Sides of The Coin* (2008--2009) {#post_atlantic_career_and_both_sides_of_the_coin_20082009}
In mid-February 2008, Joseph announced on his Myspace page that he had opted to leave Atlantic Records, citing differences in opinion for the release of his second studio album, as the main motivation behind the decision. Joseph\'s criticism of the attitude fostered by major record labels was vehement, stating that he had been perceived as \'an asset, basically like a car tyre, and if they wanted to, they could melt me down and turn me into condoms!\'.
Joseph retreated to his garden shed with an assortment of musical instruments to start the recording of his second album, *Both Sides of The Coin*. Each instrument played in the recordings -- including guitars, drums, banjo, accordion, and harmonica -- was played by Joseph. Limited space forced Joseph to move them into his shed one instrument at a time. By the end of the summer of 2008, *Both Sides of The Coin* was completed. It was sold on tour in the winter of 2009, then released widely in February 2009.
### Pip Productions and *Shoulder to the Wheel* (2009--2011) {#pip_productions_and_shoulder_to_the_wheel_20092011}
Joseph started work on his third studio album in late 2009 and released early demos of potential tracks through his Myspace page. *Shoulder to the Wheel* was released in February 2010 through his own independent record label, Pip Productions. In October of the same year, Joseph secured a management deal with ACP Recordings, who also handle David Gray, Spiritualized, and Damien Rice. *Shoulder to the Wheel* was thus allowed a wider download release in November 2010, with \'Orchard for an Apple\' being chosen as the lead single. The album peaked at number 8 on the iTunes singer-songwriter chart, and Joseph has been touring extensively post-release. A single mix of \'Orchard for an Apple\', featuring new backing vocals and instrumentation, was played on BBC Radio 2 by Alex Lester. Lester announced that the single was due for release on 3 January 2011, coinciding with Joseph\'s birthday. The song has also had airplay on Steve Wright\'s daytime Radio 2 show. In December 2010, the song was added to the BBC Radio 2 Playlist, where it remained for three weeks.
Joseph embarked on an extensive tour of *Shoulder to the Wheel* throughout 2011 and early 2012, playing at various venues across the UK including a gig at the Union Chapel, Islington, supporting Foy Vance.
### Brother (2012--2016) {#brother_20122016}
Joseph started work on his fourth studio album shortly after losing a close friend in 2010; he credits this loss as a great influence on the making of the record in a YouTube video released in June 2012. In January 2012, Joseph announced on his website that the record had been completed and a release date was approaching.
Joseph recorded *Brother* in The Church Studios, London, being the first of his productions since *Tales of Grime and Grit* to be recorded with a full band in a studio setting. The one-word title symbolizes \"companionship, community, and closeness.\" The album underwent a limited release in the UK on 9 October 2012, and a wider digital release on iTunes and Spotify on 25 March 2013.
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# Ruarri Joseph
## Biography
### William the Conqueror (2017--) {#william_the_conqueror_2017}
Joseph\'s current project is a three piece band called \'William the Conqueror\', alongside friends and previous collaborators Harry Harding (drums) and Naomi Holmes (bass). After signing to Loose, their first album, *Proud Disturber of the Peace*, was released in August 2017. The band marks a new direction for Joseph, having been described by critics as \'Southern rock with a British twist\'. Joseph describes the band as a reaction to his previous work, going in a direction that his teenage self would have appreciated.
The second William the Conqueror album, *Bleeding on the Soundtrack*, was released in 2019, followed by a UK tour in May 2019, which included a live session for Ricky Ross on his BBC Radio Scotland programme, *Another Country*.
On 24 November 2019 William The Conqueror played a session for Cerys Matthews on BBC 6 Music.
The third album of the trilogy, *Maverick Thinker*, was recorded in Los Angeles, at Sound City Studios, in 2020. Recording was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic but the album was completed, with assistance from producer Joseph Lorge. After signing to Chrysalis Records, the album was released on 5 March 2021, preceded by the singles \"Wake Up\", \"Quiet Life\" and \"Move On\".
## Personal life {#personal_life}
The year preceding the release of *Shoulder to the Wheel* was a particularly turbulent time in the musician\'s personal life. His eldest son underwent emergency brain surgery in mid-2009, and his wife gave birth to their third child at around the same time. *Shoulder to the Wheel* is dedicated to a family member, with whom Joseph was close, who died during the making of the record.
Joseph married his long-term girlfriend in 2009, and together they have three children. He resides with his family in Cornwall.
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# Ruarri Joseph
## Critical response {#critical_response}
The response to Ruarri\'s albums critically has been positive, and they have met with modest commercial success.
Critics generally commended Joseph\'s first album, *Tales of Grime and Grit*. Daniel Black of Contactmusic.com, whilst having reservations about the opening songs, stated that \"The rest of the album was a collection of some of the greatest songs you\'ll ever hear under the one album\", eventually giving three and a half stars. Matt Clutton of online music magazine Gigwise.com praised Joseph\'s \"uniquely husky, gravely vocals\" and \"expertly orchestrated acoustics\" in his review of the single *Blankets*. In terms of commercial reception, Amazon.com has posted an average customer review score of four stars out of five stars, from 53 reviews.
Ruarri Joseph\'s second album, *Both Sides of the Coin*, has been greeted with a positive reception. Femalefirst.co.uk called the album \"an intriguing collection of understated songs\" giving it four stars, and a five-star review from Caroline McCarthy of Allgigs.co.uk described the songs as \"beautiful\" and \"wistful\".
*Shoulder to the Wheel* has met with very positive reviews. Comfortcomes.com said Joseph \"combines poetry, a serious edge and a soothing acoustic touch to impressive effect throughout\", whilst Entertainment Focus described Ruarri as \"an interesting and exciting talent\" in their review for \'Orchard for an Apple\'. Although few US-based music magazines have reviewed the album, one review from Directcurrentmusic.com highlighted that Joseph \"rises above the mass of mediocrity\" and was \"worthy of greater exposure\" in the United States. Entertainment-Focus gave the album a glowing five-star review, calling the record \"hugely rewarding\" and a \"gorgeous, understated collection of songs\". A slightly more mixed review came from Nima Baniamer of Contactmusic.com. Giving the album three stars, the review stated that the LP \"does have major failures\", although he praised lead single \'Orchard for an Apple\' and described the opening songs as \"beautiful\" and \"haunting\". British newspapers *The Independent*, *Metro*, and *Uncut* all gave *Shoulder to the Wheel* three stars.
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# Ruarri Joseph
## Discography
### Solo albums {#solo_albums}
#### *Tales of Grime and Grit* {#tales_of_grime_and_grit}
All songs written by Ruarri Joseph.
1. \"Patience\" -- 3.26
2. \"Won\'t Work\" -- 3.26
3. \"Blankets\" -- 3.02
4. \"Early Morning Remedy\" -- 3.08
5. \"Baby Finn\" -- 3.26
6. \"Tales of Grime and Grit\" -- 3.43
7. \"Cuddles Are the Best Thing\" -- 2.54
8. \"Infant Eyes\" -- 2.47
9. \"Faces, Movements and Cheats\" -- 3.04
10. \"More Rock and Roll\" -- 4.01
11. \"Relying on Lying\" -- 4.06
12. \"Summercourt Fair 1995\" -- 1.49
#### *Both Sides of The Coin* {#both_sides_of_the_coin}
All songs written by Ruarri Joseph.
1. \"Suzie Don\'t Be Sad\" -- 3:10
2. \"One for the Aether\" -- 4:27
3. \"Red Mist\" -- 3:38
4. \"More Than Most\" -- 4:47
5. \"Adam\'s Wing\" -- 4:59
6. \"Tomorrow Today\" -- 3:11
7. \"Hope For Grey Trousers\" -- 3:33
8. \"A Turn in the Weather\" -- 3:23
9. \"As Long As You Do Too\" -- 4:06
10. \"There We\'ll Be\" -- 3:08
#### *Shoulder to the Wheel* {#shoulder_to_the_wheel}
All songs written by Ruarri Joseph except \'Rich Folk\'s Hoax\', a cover of the Sixto Diaz Rodriguez song of the same name.
1. \"Nervous Grin\" -- 2:38
2. \"An Orchard for an Apple\" -- 3:47
3. \"Severed Dreams\" -- 4:04
4. \"Rich Folks Hoax\" -- 3:12
5. \"As Always\" -- 2:57
6. \"For The Love of Grace\" -- 3:39
7. \"A Fool of Us All\" -- 6:04
8. \"Keep on Strolling\" -- 3:58
9. \"Cavemen, Yellow, An Ordinary Life\" -- 1:14
10. \"Raining Stone\" -- 3:36
11. \"Glance Across The Street\" -- 3:49
12. \"The Faithless Few\" -- 2:54
#### *Brother*
1. \"Roses & Ashes\" -- 3:33
2. \"Until The Luck Runs Dry\" -- 4:15
3. \"Got My Share\" -- 4:00
4. \"A Good Thing Fallen\" -- 4:07
5. \"Cry on World\" -- 3:36
6. \"The April Spin\" -- 5:35
7. \"No More Sins\" -- 3:00
8. \"Mad World Waiting\" -- 3:18
9. \"Anyway\" -- 3:55
10. \"Brother\" -- 3:59
### William the Conqueror albums {#william_the_conqueror_albums}
#### *Proud Disturber of the Peace* (2017) {#proud_disturber_of_the_peace_2017}
All songs written by Ruarri Joseph
1. \"In My Dreams\" -- 4:20
2. \"Tend to the Thorns\" -- 3:43
3. \"Did You Wrong\" -- 4:07
4. \"Pedestals\" -- 4:19
5. \"Sunny is the Style\" -- 4:39
6. \"The Many Faces of a Good Truth\" -- 5:06
7. \"Proud Disturber of the Peace\" -- 5:15
8. \"Cold Ontario\" -- 5:00
9. \"Mind Keeps Changing\" -- 3:40
10. \"Manawatu\" -- 5:06
#### *Bleeding on the Soundtrack* (2019) {#bleeding_on_the_soundtrack_2019}
All songs written by Ruarri Joseph
1. \"Path of the Crow\" -- 3:11
2. \"Thank Me Later\" -- 3:32
3. \"Madness On The Line\" -- 3:21
4. \"The Burden\" -- 5:32
5. \"Bleeding On The Soundtrack\" -- 5:30
6. \"Looking For The Cure\" -- 3:47
7. \"The Curse of Friends\" -- 5:11
8. \"Be So Kind\" -- 3:33
9. \"Sensitive Side\" -- 4:02
10. \"Within Your Spell\" -- 6:17
#### *Maverick Thinker* (2021) {#maverick_thinker_2021}
All songs written by Ruarri Joseph
1. \"Move On\" -- 3:11
2. \"The Deep End\" -- 4:03
3. \"Alive At Last\" -- 4:00
4. \"Jesus Died A Young Man\" -- 5:48
5. \"Quiet Life\" -- 3:55
6. \"Wake Up\" -- 3:33
7. \"Fiction\" -- 3:14
8. \"Suddenly Scared (24 Storeys High)\" -- 5:12
9. \"Reasons\" -- 4:35
10
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# 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round
In the **first round of CONCACAF**, the 20 lowest-ranked teams played home-and-away matches to determine the 10 teams who would progress to the second round of competition.
## Summary
\|- `{{TwoLegResult| '''{{fb-rt|GRN}}''' || 8–1 | {{fb|GUY}} || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Grenada v Guyana|5–0]] | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Guyana v Grenada|3–1]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult| '''{{fb-rt|BER}}''' || 20–0 | {{fb|MSR}} || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Bermuda v Montserrat|13–0]] | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Montserrat v Bermuda|7–0]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult| '''{{fb-rt|HAI}}''' || 7–0 | {{fb|TCA}} || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Haiti v Turks and Caicos Islands|5–0]] | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Turks and Caicos Islands v Haiti|2–0]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult| {{fb-rt|BVI}} || 0–10 | '''{{fb|LCA}}''' || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#British Virgin Islands v Saint Lucia|0–1]] | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Saint Lucia v British Virgin Islands|0–9]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult| {{fb-rt|CAY}} || 1–5 | '''{{fb|CUB}}''' || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Cayman Islands v Cuba|1–2]] | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Cuba v Cayman Islands|0–3]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult| {{fb-rt|ARU}} || 2–10 | '''{{fb|SUR}}''' || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Aruba v Suriname|1–2]] | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Suriname v Aruba|1–8]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult| {{fb-rt|ATG}} || 2–3 | '''{{fb|ANT}}''' || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Antigua and Barbuda v Netherlands Antilles|2–0]] | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Netherlands Antilles v Antigua and Barbuda|0–3]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult| '''{{fb-rt|DMA}}''' || 4–2 | {{fb|BAH}} || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Dominica v Bahamas|1–1]] | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Bahamas v Dominica|3–1]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult| {{fb-rt|VIR}} || 0–11 | '''{{fb|SKN}}''' || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#U.S. Virgin Islands v Saint Kitts and Nevis|0–4]] | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Saint Kitts and Nevis v U.S. Virgin Islands|0–7]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult| '''{{fb-rt|DOM}}''' || 6–0 | {{fb|AIA}} || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Dominica v Anguilla|0–0]] | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF first round#Anguilla v Dominica|6–0]]}}`{=mediawiki} \|}
## Matches
**Grenada** won 8--1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Bermuda** won 20--0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Haiti** won 7--0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**St. Lucia** won 10--0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Cuba** won 5--1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Suriname** won 10--2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Netherlands Antilles** won 3--2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.
\-\-\-- `{{football box
|id = Dominica v Bahamas
|date = 26 March 2004
|team1 = {{fb-rt|DMA}}
|score = 1–1| report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20071111041724/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/preliminaries/preliminary=7761/matches/match=35954/report.html Report] |
|team2 = {{fb|BAH}}
|goals2 = Horton {{goal|66}}
|goals1 = [[Vincent Casimir|Casimir]] {{goal|88}}
|stadium = [[Thomas Robinson Stadium]]<br />[[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]], [[The Bahamas]]| attendance = 800 | referee = [[Mark Forde]] ([[Barbados Football Association|Barbados]])}}`{=mediawiki}
**Dominica** won 4--2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Saint Kitts and Nevis** won 11--0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Dominican Republic** won 6--0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round
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# Luís Araújo
General **Luís Evangelista Esteves de Araújo** (25 February 1949 -- 2 December 2023) was a Portuguese military officer who served as the Chief of Staff of the Portuguese Air Force and as Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces from 2011 to 6 February 2014.
Araújo was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Military Order of Christ in 2014.
Araújo died on 2 December 2023, at the age of 74
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# Asker station
**Asker Station** (*Asker stasjon*) is a railway station located in downtown Asker, Norway. Situated on the Drammen Line, 23.83 km from Oslo Central Station, it also serves as the terminus of the Asker Line and the Spikkestad Line. The station is located just southwest of the Asker Tunnel and the Skaugum Tunnel, and just northeast of the Lieråsen Tunnel. Vy serves the station with local, regional and intercity trains. It is also served by the Airport Express Train and serves as the main bus terminal for the town. The station has six tracks and four platforms, consisting of two island platforms and two side platforms. The station had 8,400 daily passengers in 2008.
The station opened along with the Drammen Line on 7 October 1872. The original station building was designed by Georg Andreas Bull in Swiss chalet style. The station underwent a renewal from 1917 to 1922, receiving gauge conversion to standard gauge, electrification and a new station building designed by Ragnvald Utne. Double track was laid from 1955 to 1958, including building the Asker Tunnel just northeast of the station, and a new station building opened in 1960. The Lieråsen Tunnel opened in 1973, cutting the distance to Drammen, and resulted in the old line becoming the Spikkestad Line. The station received an overhaul in 1998 and again in 2006. The latter was in conjunction with the construction of the Asker Line.
## History
### Construction and initial station {#construction_and_initial_station}
The first public transport between Asker and Christiania (Oslo) commenced in 1866, when a ferry would was started up. The decision to build the Drammen Line was taken by Parliament on 16 June 1869. Ground on the farm of Fusdal was selected for the station to serve Asker.
The first station building was designed by Georg Andreas Bull. Known as the Asker Class, a similar design was used for another eleven train stations on the Drammen- and Randsfjorden Lines. The original station building was among the most spacious and elaborate for its size category. Built in Swiss chalet style, it featured a saddle roof and was split between a public area and a residence for the station master. Unusual for stations at the time the residential door was on the front, rather than the side, of the building. The station was decorated in fretsaw ornaments in organic and Gothic styles.
The line and Asker Station opened on 7 October 1872. From 1875 Asker Station had four employees: a station master, a telegraphist and two carriers. The station served 17,466 passengers that year, rising to 33,851 in 1900. Travel time from Asker to Oslo West Station was about an hour. The arrival of the railway in Asker resulted in city dwellers buying or renting holiday homes in Asker. There was at first little settlements around the station, but as it generated traffic the interest for the area grew through the 1870s. Soon the neighborhood\'s general store moved to the vicinity of the station. A Narvesen kiosk opened at the station at about the turn of the century. Growth was gradual. From 1910 Statistics Norway registered Asker Station as a settlement, with 20 building and 184 residents.
### Standard gauge {#standard_gauge}
The traffic on the line rose quickly. Within a few decades the Drammen Line was serving the Vestfold Line, the Randsfjorden Line and the Sørlandet Line. The line was soon found to be underdimensioned and delays were common. To meet the higher traffic levels, a major upgrade of the Drammen Line was carried out from 1917 to 1922. For Asker this involved gauge conversion from narrow to standard gauge and electrification. The segment from Asker to Sandvika was converted to dual gauge on 15 December 1918. This arrangement of a mix of standard and narrow gauge rolling stock lasted until 13 November 1922, from which time only standard gauge stock was used. Meanwhile, the line was also electrified, which was taken into use on 26 November 1922.
As part of the upgrade to the line an all-new station building was built at Asker. Designed by Ragnvald Utne at NSB Arkitektkontor, it was completed in 1921. During the first decades of the twentieth century the number of commuters into Oslo grew rapidly. In 1890 there were only five people with month or yearly passes commuting to Oslo, while this rose to 432 in 1930. By 1939 there were two bus services corresponding with the trains at Asker: one to Slemmestad and one to Dikemark and no:Vardåsen.
Construction of double track between Asker and Sandvika was carried out between 1953 and 1958. The second segment, from a point north of the Asker Tunnel to Hvalstad Station opened on 29 November 1955. The new Asker Tunnel, located immediately northwest of the station, opened on 8 December 1958, completing the new segment of double track. The tunnel was taken into use in two steps: the one track on 8 October and the second on 8 December. In conjunction with this a new station was built, designed by NSB Arkitektkontor and opened in 1960.
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# Asker station
## History
### Tunnels
The Lieråsen Tunnel was built to allow double track to Drammen and cut the route west of Asker by 12.4 km. Construction started in 1963, but the tunnel was delayed due to geological challenges and opened on 3 June 1973. The old section of track from Asker to Spikkestad was kept and became the Spikkestad Line. With the opening of the tunnel the local train routes were rearranged, so that there were two trains from Asker to Oslo each hour and one train each hour to Spikkestad and Drammen, respectively. These served all stations from Asker to Sandvika and then ran directly to Oslo.
Stor-Oslo Lokaltrafikk took over operations of the bus routes in Asker from 1 January 1975 and started to feed the bus services to Asker Station rather than drive directly downtown. From mid 1984 NSB terminated express train stops at Asker, but these returned the following year. The old station at Asker burned down on 24 June 1992. The section from Asker to Drammen received centralized traffic control with the opening of the Lieråsen Tunnel, while the section from Asker to Sandvika did not receive this until 14 December 1993. Automatic train stop was introduced from Asker to Drammen on 1 June 1987, while the segment from Asker to Sandvika received it on 12 December 1993.
Planning of a new station design started in the early 1990s, originally with focus on developing it as a renewal project to make the town center in Asker more attractive. It kept the existing station building, but it was significantly upgraded in a design by Niels Torp. The underpass was closed and replaced with an overpass, and the new station received five tracks. The upgrades were timed to allow the station to act as the terminus for the Airport Express Train, which commenced services that year. The work also saw the construction of a new parking house.
The Asker Line was built to allow regional trains to bypass local trains on the Drammen Line, increasing both capacity, speed and regularity through the West Corridor. The first segment was the section from Asker to Sandvika, which started in 2001 and was opened on 27 August 2005. Upgrades of Asker Station were carried out from 2002. It involved both upgrades to the station itself and construction of a 130 m culvert acting as the entrance to the Skaugum Tunnel. The station was rebuilt from five to six tracks. Construction was carried out in such a way that four tracks were at any time kept in operation, starting from the east and working westwards.
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# Asker station
## Facilities
Asker Station is situated on the Drammen Line, at a distance of 23.83 km from Oslo Central Station at an elevation of 104.6 m above mean sea level. The station is the terminus of two other lines: it is the southwestern terminus of the double-tracked Asker Line and the northeastern terminus of the single-tracked Spikkestad Line. To the northeast of the station all tracks run into a twin-tubed tunnel, one tube which is the 416 m Asker Tunnel on the Drammen Line. The other is the 3.5 km Skaugum Tunnel of the Asker Line. To the southwest the main tracks on the Drammen Line run into the Lieråsen Tunnel, while the Spikkestad Line branches off to the south.
The station has six tracks, served by two island platforms and two side platforms. They are numbered 1 through 6, with track 1 closest to the town. It is located at a bus terminal, operated by Akershus Kollektivterminaler. The station is not staffed, but is equipped with ticket vending machines and features and indoor waiting room and kiosk. All platforms are covered. The station features locked bicycle parking, a taxi stand, and 544 parking spaces.
The station is located next to the town square in Asker. The station has been built to give a monumental impression, with the platforms, bus terminal and walkways built with a common style, using untreated concrete, untreated wood, glass, steel and zinc roofs. The walkways have been built with massive, visible wooden girders. The underpass has been decorated by artists Sven Påhlsson and Erik Wøllo. It includes LED-lights aimed along the concrete walls which vary their colors and a sound track playing electronic music.
An estimated 4,500 people live within one kilometer (0.6 mi) from the station, and 8,900 people within two kilometers (1.2 mi). There are about 4,500 jobs within one kilometer (0.6 mi) of the station. Asker is one of four transit hubs located outside Oslo on the Drammen Line, along with Drammen Station, Sandvika Station and Lysaker Station. It is, just marginally, the busiest of these, with about 8,400 passengers per day in 2008.
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# Asker station
## Services
Vy serves Asker Station both with Oslo Commuter Rail trains as well as regional trains. Regarding the former, L1 trains, which run northwards along the Drammen Line and southwards along the Spikkestad Line, run every half-hour. L12 to Kongsberg and Eidsvoll runs every hour, while L14, which runs along the Kongsvinger Line, runs hourly and terminates at Asker. These and regional trains run along the Asker Line. There is an hour regional train service from the Vestfold Line, R10. Each of these trains may have additional rush-hour services. and up to five daily express trains along the Sørlandet Line and the Bergen Line. Travel time for a local or regional train running to Oslo Central Station via the Asker Line is about X minutes.
The Airport Express Train runs every 20 minutes to Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. Ruter uses Asker Station as the main bus terminal for Asker. Asker Station is in fare zone 2V and is served by bus routes 71, 75, 280, 270, 281,275, 260, 285, 291, 293, 294, 296, 297. All routes except for route 75 is operated by Ruter
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# Leslie Boyce
**Sir Harold Leslie Boyce, 1st Baronet** (9 July 1895 -- 30 May 1955) was an Australian-born British Conservative Party politician.
Boyce was born in Taree, New South Wales, the son of Charles Macleay Boyce, a solicitor, and his wife Ethel May (née) Thorne. He was educated at The Sydney Church of England Grammar School (Shore), Sydney Grammar School and Balliol College, Oxford, and was later called to the Bar, Inner Temple. He served during the First World War in the Australian Imperial Force as a second lieutenant in the 27th Battalion, and later as a lieutenant in the 10th Battalion. In July 1916, he was wounded at Pozières and invalided back to Adelaide.
After the war he eventually settled in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire and in 1931 became Chairman of the Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company. In 1929 he was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Gloucester, a seat he held until 1945. Boyce was also high sheriff of Gloucestershire from 1941 to 1942 and Sheriff of the City of London from 1947 to 1948 and served as Lord Mayor of London between 1951 and 1952. Boyce was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KBE) in the 1944 Birthday Honours. On 24 November 1952 he was created a baronet, of Badgeworth in the County of Gloucester.
Boyce was also the President of Gloucester City Football Club from 1937 to 1949.
Boyce married Maybery Browse Bevan, daughter of Edwin Philip Bevan, in 1926. They had three sons; Richard, Charles and John. He died in May 1955, aged 59, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son Richard. The baronetcy is currently held by Richard\'s son, Robert Boyce.
Lady Boyce died in 1978
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# William Elliot of Wells
**William Elliot of Wells** (1701--1764) was an army officer, courtier, and Member of Parliament during the reign of George II.
The son of William Elliot of Wells (1660-1728, known to posterity as the \"Laceman\", from his trade in gold-embroidered lace from which he made his fortune) and his wife Eleanor née Tankard, the younger William was christened 6 March 1701--2 at St James\'s Church, Piccadilly, Westminster. Around 1720, he stood as legal guardian to Granville Elliott, the infant son of his elder sister Charlotte Elliot and her recently deceased husband Roger Elliott. He entered the army in 1722 as a cornet in the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, and in the following year joined Charles Churchill\'s Regiment of Dragoons as a captain. While serving under Col. Churchill (1679-1740), Elliot witnessed the will of Churchill\'s mistress, the celebrated actress Anne Oldfield (1683-1730), and was one of the pallbearers at her funeral in 1730.
Elliot inherited his father\'s estate of Wells, in Roxburghshire, in 1728.
In 1737, Elliot was commissioned as major of the 2nd Troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, of which he was made lieutenant-colonel in 1741. He fought at both Dettingen and Fontenoy, but resigned his commission in 1746. His eldest sister\'s son, George Augustus Eliott (later Lord Heathfield, defender of Gibraltar), was one of his subordinate officers in the 2nd Troop of Horse Grenadier Guards.
In 1741, Elliot was elected as a Whig Member of Parliament (MP) for Calne, Wiltshire (which seat he held until 1754). Subsequently, in 1743, he was made one of the equerries to George II, and served until the king\'s death in 1760.
## Family
Elliot married -- against her father\'s wishes -- **Lady Frances de Nassau d'Auverquerque**, elder daughter of the Earl of Grantham and Lady Henrietta Butler, daughter of the Earl of Ossory, at St Benet Paul\'s Wharf, London, on 4 June 1737, with one son:
- **Henry Elliot**, born 17 April 1741 Westminster, who died young.
In 1758, Lady Frances would have inherited the Scottish title lordship of Dingwall upon the death of her uncle the Earl of Arran, had this title not been forfeited as a consequence of the 1715 attainder of her uncle the Duke of Ormonde following his involvement in the Jacobite risings of that year.
William Elliot died on 7 June 1764 and was buried in St James\'s Church, Piccadilly, Westminster. Lady Frances Elliot died on 5 April 1772, and was buried with her late husband
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# Diiodotyrosine
**Diiodotyrosine** (DIT) is a precursor in the production of thyroid hormone, and results from iodization of monoiodotyrosine at the other meta- position on the phenol ring.
## Function
DIT is a modulator of the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (which is involved in the production of thyroid hormones).
Triiodothyronine is formed, when diiodotyrosine is combined with monoiodotyrosine (in the colloid of the thyroid follicle).
Two molecules of DIT combine to make the thyroid hormone thyroxine (\'T4\' and \'T3\')
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# United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
The **United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology** concerns the amount of precipitation, primarily in the form of rain, which occurs during tropical cyclones and their extratropical cyclone remnants across the United States. Typically, five tropical cyclones and their remnants impact the country each year, contributing between a tenth and a quarter of the annual rainfall across the southern tier of the country. The highest rainfall amounts appear close to the coast, with lesser amounts falling farther inland. Obstructions to the precipitation pattern, such as the Appalachian Mountains, focus higher amounts from northern Georgia through New England. While most impacts occur with systems moving in from the Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico, some emanate from the eastern Pacific Ocean, with a few crossing Mexico before impacting the Southwest. Those making landfall within the Southeast portion of the country tend to have the greatest potential for heavy rains.
## Long-term averages {#long_term_averages}
On average, five North Atlantic hurricanes or their remnants lead to rainfall across the contiguous United States each year, contributing between a tenth and a quarter of the annual rainfall to the southern United States. While many of these storms form in the Atlantic basin, some systems or their remnants move through Mexico from the Eastern Pacific basin. Tropical cyclones from the eastern Pacific bring nearly 20 percent of the average annual rainfall to southern California. The average storm total rainfall for a tropical cyclone impacting the contiguous United States from the Atlantic basin is about 16 in, with 70 to 75 percent of the storm total falling within a 24‑hour period.
## Highest known amounts for the United States since 1950 {#highest_known_amounts_for_the_united_states_since_1950}
Below is a list of the top ten highest known storm total rainfall amounts from individual tropical cyclones across the United States since 1950. Four of the wettest systems struck Texas, three strongly impacted Hawaii, while two others made their biggest mark on Florida, and another impacted Puerto Rico.
1. -- Harvey 2017 in Nederland, Texas
2. -- Lane 2018 in Mountainview, Hawaii
3. -- Hiki 1950 at the Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station, Hawaii
4. -- Amelia 1978 in Medina, Texas
5. -- Easy 1950 in Yankeetown, Florida
6. -- Claudette 1979 in Alvin, Texas
7. -- T.D. \# 15 1970 in Jayuya, Puerto Rico
8. -- Allison 2001 in northwest Jefferson County, Texas
9. -- Paul 2000 at the Kapapala Ranch 36, Hawaii
10. -- Georges 1998 in Munson, Florida
## Maximum per state for the contiguous United States {#maximum_per_state_for_the_contiguous_united_states}
State maxima relating to tropical cyclones and their remnants are shown on the left, color-coded by amount. Tropical cyclones from the Atlantic basin have the most sway along the Gulf coast and Eastern Seaboard. The impact of tropical cyclones and their remnants originally from the eastern Pacific stretches as far east as Michigan and Indiana. Rainfall related to the low pressure area once associated with a tropical cyclone, or its remnants aloft, are included in this sample. No additional rainfall from pre-existing upper lows as seen before cyclones such as Hurricane Fran of 1996 or from upper cyclones that closed off behind former tropical cyclones such as Hurricane Juan of 1985 was included.
The state of Texas has the highest amounts, followed by Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, and Mississippi. In the western United States, the same can be said for the remnants of Hurricane Kathleen of 1976 in California, and the remnants of Tropical Storm Nora of 1997 in Arizona. In addition, some rainfall records across the Midwest occurred during Tropical Storm Candy of 1968.
## Average and record statistics per time frame for the contiguous United States {#average_and_record_statistics_per_time_frame_for_the_contiguous_united_states}
To the right is a graphic showing averages and extremes for a 15-year sample of tropical cyclones and their remnants affecting the contiguous United States. The units of the rainfall amounts are in inches, while the time units are in hours. The bars in the graph express the percent of the storm total rainfall, which is defined to be 100 percent in the final column. Note that, on average, as much as one-fourth of the total occurs in 2--3 hours, while half falls within 12 hours, and almost three-quarters of the storm total falls within a 24‑hour period. Cases where a cyclone scraped the coast were not separated out from those that made a more direct landfall. Also, Pacific and Atlantic cases were not separated. This all explains the average storm total of the sample being depressed to 13.34 in. On the bottom of the graphic are listed the averages per time frame and the records. The records were mainly set during Tropical Storm Allison of 2001 and Hurricane Danny of 1997. This graphic will be updated as the climatology pushes farther back in time.
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# United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
## United States rules of thumb for forecasting {#united_states_rules_of_thumb_for_forecasting}
### Kraft rule {#kraft_rule}
During the late 1950s, this rule of thumb came into being, developed by R. H. Kraft. It was noted from rainfall amounts (in imperial units) reported by the first order rainfall network in the United States that the storm total rainfall fit a simple equation: 100 divided by the speed of motion in knots. This rule works as long as a tropical cyclone is moving and only the first order or synoptic station network (with observations spaced about 60 mi apart) are used to derive storm totals. Canada uses a modified version of the Kraft rule which divides the results by a factor of two, which takes into account the lower sea surface temperatures seen around Atlantic Canada and the prevalence of systems undergoing vertical wind shear at their northerly latitudes. The main problem with this rule is that the rainfall observing network is denser than either the synoptic reporting network or the first order station networks, which means the absolute maximum is likely to be underestimated. Another problem is that it does not take the size of the tropical cyclone or topography into account.
### Eight inch or 203 mm rule {#eight_inch_or_203_mm_rule}
Rusty Pfost, now the head of the Miami National Weather Service Forecast Office, did a study in 1999 reviewing rainfall totals from tropical systems affecting Florida between 1960 and 1998. He found that for tropical cyclones moving at greater than 6 knots, the average storm total was normally in the 5--10 inch (127--254 mm) range. Slower moving storms usually forced greater than 15 in of rain to fall.
### Sixteen inch or 406 mm rule {#sixteen_inch_or_406_mm_rule}
David Roth, a forecaster at the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center, determined that the average amount for all tropical cyclones impacting the United States was 13.34 in between 1991 and 2005. When removing the storms that grazed the domain, an average of near 16 in was obtained. Using this latter amount appears to work best for systems that experience little vertical wind shear and are of at least average size. Amounts measured in small/midget tropical cyclones showed storm total amounts closer to 6 in. Operationally, variations to these amounts are introduced if the cyclone encounters mountain zones, interacts with a nearby front, or the storm is significantly sheared
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# Luiz Marenco
**Luiz Marenco** (born December 22, 1964, in Porto Alegre) is a Brazilian folk musician and composer
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# Treaty of Kalisz (1813)
The **Treaty of Kalisz** was signed in Kalisz (*Kalisch*, *Kalish/Калиш*) on 28 February 1813, between Russia and Prussia against Napoleon I. It marked the final changeover of Prussia onto the side against Napoleon.
The events that led to this alliance date back to 30 December 1812, at Tauroggen when Lieutenant-General Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg, on behalf of his Prussian troops, and General Hans Karl von Diebitsch of the Russian Army signed the Convention of Tauroggen. The Convention of Tauroggen armistice, signed by Diebitsch and Yorck, \"neutralised\" the Prussian corps without consent of their king. The news was received with the wildest enthusiasm in Prussia, but the Prussian Court dared not throw off the mask yet, and an order was dispatched suspending Yorck from his command pending a court-martial. Two months later, the Prussians officially switched sides when Prussia and Russia signed the treaty and agreed to establish an alliance against Napoleon known as the Kalisz Union.
The treaty is also an interesting example of the predominance of the French language at this time. The text of the treaty was written in French, even though it was intended to arrange hostilities against France
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# 1963 Ryder Cup
The **15th Ryder Cup Matches** were held October 11--13, 1963 at the Atlanta Athletic Club, at the site now known as East Lake Golf Club in Atlanta, Georgia. The United States team won the competition by a score of 23 to 9 points. The U.S. did not lose a single match in the afternoon sessions.
## Format
The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format changed in 1963, with the addition of four-ball (better ball) matches on a third day of play. The schedule of play was as follows:
- **Day 1** (Friday) --- 8 foursomes (alternate shot) matches, 4 each in morning and afternoon sessions
- **Day 2** (Saturday) --- 8 four-ball (better ball) matches, 4 each in morning and afternoon sessions
- **Day 3** (Sunday) --- 16 singles matches, 8 each in morning and afternoon sessions
With a total of 32 points, 16`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 18 holes.
## Teams
Source:
In his second Ryder Cup, Arnold Palmer was the last playing captain in the competition. He was 3--1 in pairs and 1--1 in singles.
Despite having won his third major title as a professional at the PGA Championship in July, 23-year-old Jack Nicklaus was not a member of the U.S. team. Eligibility rules set by the PGA prevented him from participating in the Ryder Cup until 1969. He competed as a player through 1981, missing only the 1979 edition, and was the non-playing captain of the U.S. team in 1983 and 1987.
--------------------------
**Team USA**
Name
Arnold Palmer -- captain
Julius Boros
Billy Casper
Dow Finsterwald
Bob Goalby
Tony Lema
Gene Littler
Billy Maxwell
Johnny Pott
Dave Ragan
--------------------------
The British team was determined using a points system, points being earned in 9 stroke-play events during the 1963 season. Winners of the 1963 Open Championship and News of the World Match Play received automatic places. The first qualifying event was the Schweppes PGA Close Championship in early April with the Senior Service Tournament in September being the final one. Dave Thomas won the News of the World Match Play but, since he finished 9th in the points list, the team was filled with the leading 10 players in the points list: Coles, Bernard Hunt, Huggett, Alliss, Haliburton, O\'Connor, Weetman, Will, Thomas and Geoff Hunt.
-------------------------
**Team Great Britain**
Name
John Fallon
Peter Alliss
Neil Coles
Tom Haliburton
Brian Huggett
Bernard Hunt
Geoffrey Hunt
Christy O\'Connor Snr
Dave Thomas
Harry Weetman
George Will
-------------------------
## Friday\'s matches {#fridays_matches}
### Morning foursomes {#morning_foursomes}
Results
------------------ --------- ---------------------
**Huggett/Will** 3 & 2 Palmer/Pott
Alliss/O\'Connor 1 up **Casper/Ragan**
Coles/B. Hunt halved Boros/Lema
Thomas/Weetman halved Littler/Finsterwald
2 Session 2
2 Overall 2
### Afternoon foursomes {#afternoon_foursomes}
Results
-------------------- --------- -------------------------
Thomas/Weetman 4 & 3 **Maxwell/Goalby**
Huggett/Will 5 & 4 **Palmer/Casper**
Coles/G. Hunt 2 & 1 **Littler/Finsterwald**
Haliburton/B. Hunt 1 up **Boros/Lema**
0 Session 4
2 Overall 6
## Saturday\'s matches {#saturdays_matches}
### Morning four-ball {#morning_four_ball}
Results
------------------------ --------- ------------------------
Huggett/Thomas 5 & 4 **Palmer/Finsterwald**
Alliss/B. Hunt halved Littler/Boros
Weetman/Will 3 & 2 **Casper/Maxwell**
**Coles/O\'Connor** 1 up Goalby/Ragan
1`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session 2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
3`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 8`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
### Afternoon four-ball {#afternoon_four_ball}
Results
-------------------- --------- ------------------------
Coles/O\'Connor 3 & 2 **Palmer/Finsterwald**
Alliss/B. Hunt 1 up **Lema/Pott**
Haliburton/G. Hunt 2 & 1 **Casper/Maxwell**
Huggett/Thomas halved Goalby/Ragan
Session 3`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
4 Overall 12
## Sunday\'s matches {#sundays_matches}
### Morning singles {#morning_singles}
Results
------------------------ --------- -------------------------
Geoffrey Hunt 5 & 3 **Tony Lema**
**Brian Huggett** 3 & 1 Johnny Pott
**Peter Alliss** 1 up Arnold Palmer
Neil Coles halved Billy Casper
Dave Thomas 3 & 2 **Bob Goalby**
Christy O\'Connor 1 up **Gene Littler**
**Harry Weetman** 1 up Julius Boros
**Bernard Hunt** 2 up Dow Finsterwald
4`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session 3`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
8`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 15`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
### Afternoon singles {#afternoon_singles}
Results
------------------- --------- ------------------------
George Will 3 & 2 **Arnold Palmer**
Neil Coles 2 & 1 **Dave Ragan**
Peter Alliss halved Tony Lema
Tom Haliburton 6 & 5 **Gene Littler**
Harry Weetman 2 & 1 **Julius Boros**
Christy O\'Connor 2 & 1 **Billy Maxwell**
Dave Thomas 4 & 3 **Dow Finsterwald**
Bernard Hunt 2 & 1 **Bob Goalby**
Session 7`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
9 Overall 23
| 703 |
1963 Ryder Cup
| 0 |
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# 1963 Ryder Cup
## Individual player records {#individual_player_records}
Each entry refers to the win--loss--half record of the player.
Source:
### United States {#united_states}
Player Points Overall Singles Foursomes Fourballs
----------------- -------- --------- --------- ----------- -----------
Julius Boros 3 2--1--2 1--1--0 1--0--1 0--0--1
Billy Casper 4.5 4--0--1 0--0--1 2--0--0 2--0--0
Dow Finsterwald 4.5 4--1--1 1--1--0 1--0--1 2--0--0
Bob Goalby 3.5 3--1--1 2--0--0 1--0--0 0--1--1
Tony Lema 4 3--0--2 1--0--1 1--0--1 1--0--0
Gene Littler 4 3--0--2 2--0--0 1--0--1 0--0--1
Billy Maxwell 4 4--0--0 1--0--0 1--0--0 2--0--0
Arnold Palmer 4 4--2--0 1--1--0 1--1--0 2--0--0
Johnny Pott 1 1--2--0 0--1--0 0--1--0 1--0--0
Dave Ragan 2.5 2--1--1 1--0--0 1--0--0 0--1--1
### Great Britain {#great_britain}
Player Points Overall Singles Foursomes Fourballs
------------------- -------- --------- --------- ----------- -----------
Peter Alliss 2 1--2--2 1--0--1 0--1--0 0--1--1
Neil Coles 2 1--3--2 0--1--1 0--1--1 1--1--0
Tom Haliburton 0 0--3--0 0--1--0 0--1--0 0--1--0
Brian Huggett 2.5 2--2--1 1--0--0 1--1--0 0--1--1
Bernard Hunt 2 1--3--2 1--1--0 0--1--1 0--1--1
Geoffrey Hunt 0 0--3--0 0--1--0 0--1--0 0--1--0
Christy O\'Connor 1 1--4--0 0--2--0 0--1--0 1--1--0
Dave Thomas 1 0--4--2 0--2--0 0--1--1 0--1--1
Harry Weetman 1
| 181 |
1963 Ryder Cup
| 1 |
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# Lerkendal Station
**Lerkendal Station** (*Lerkendal holdeplass*) is a railway station located at Lerkendal in Trondheim, Norway. The only station on the Stavne--Leangen Line proper, it acts as the southern terminus of the Trøndelag Commuter Rail. The station opened on 1 December 1988 and is located in the immediate vicinity of the Gløshaugen campus of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, SINTEF and Rosenborg BK\'s home ground, Lerkendal Stadion.
## Facilities
Lerkendal is the only railway station on the Stavne--Leangen Line, a bypass line which was built to allow freight trains to bypass Trondheim Central Station (Trondheim S). The station is located 4.66 km from Trondheim S and 550.37 km from Oslo Central Station. The station is located in the Lerkendal and Gløshaugen neighborhoods, and serves among other institutions the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, SINTEF and Rosenborg BK\'s home ground Lerkendal Stadion. The station has a waiting shelter, but lacks a ticket vending machines. There is paid parking in the vicinity.
## Service
The station acts as the southern terminus of the Trøndelag Commuter Rail, operated by SJ Norge. The station is served by two trains arriving and departing in the morning, and two trains departing in the afternoon. Travel time to Trondheim S is 10 minutes and to Steinkjer Station, the northern terminus, is 2 hours and 20 minutes. All services are provided with Class 92 diesel multiple units.
## History
The Stavne--Leangen Line opened on 1 December 1957, and was originally only used for freight trains. Lerkendal Station opened on 1 December 1988, and originally was a terminus station. The Trøndelag Commuter Rail service was introduced from 1 September 1993, and from the same date through trains were operated on the Stavne--Leangen Line, stopping at Lerkendal. The station later received a shelter, designed by Linje Arkitekter and similar to other sheds on the commuter line. From 7 January 2001, NSB made several major changes to the commuter rail. A fixed, hourly headway was introduced on the trains from Steinkjer to Trondheim; including extra rush-hour trains from Lerkendal to Stjørdal, giving 23 departures per day in each direction. South of Trondheim, the service was rerouted to terminate at Lerkendal. The station lost most of its service after more trains were redirected to serve Lundamo and Melhus on the main line
| 384 |
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| 0 |
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# Terry Sylvester
**Terence "Terry" Sylvester** (born 8 January 1947) is an English musician and songwriter. He is a former member of the Escorts, the Swinging Blue Jeans (1966--1969), and the Hollies. In the latter role, he took on the high parts formerly sung by Graham Nash, who had left the band in December 1968.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### Early career/The Escorts {#early_careerthe_escorts}
Sylvester grew up in Allerton, Liverpool, and attended school with future Badfinger guitarist, Joey Molland. At the age of 14, Sylvester was employed for a time as a panel beater by George Harrison\'s brother. The group he co-founded, the Escorts, appeared with the Beatles in the early 1960s. The Escorts recorded their cover of \"Dizzy Miss Lizzy\" on Fontana Records in 1964. A compilation album of the Escorts, *From the Blue Angel*, was issued on LP and then, in 1995, on CD.
### The Swinging Blue Jeans {#the_swinging_blue_jeans}
In 1966, Sylvester began a three-year stint with the Swinging Blue Jeans, replacing guitarist/vocalist Ralph Ellis.
### The Hollies {#the_hollies}
Sylvester\'s debut with the Hollies in January 1969 saw him sing on the UK chart hit singles \"Sorry Suzanne\" and \"He Ain\'t Heavy, He\'s My Brother\", plus on the albums *Hollies Sing Dylan* and *Hollies Sing Hollies* (both 1969), which debuted Sylvester\'s songwriting. His first song for the group was \"Gloria Swansong\", and he continued to write by himself (\"Pull Down the Blind\", \"Cable Car\" 1971), with Allan Clarke (\"Why Didn\'t You Believe\", \"Man Without a Heart\", \"Perfect Lady Housewife\") and as part of Clarke-Hicks-Sylvester.
This trio composed most of the Hollies songs on several albums: *Confessions of the Mind* (1970), *Hollies* (1974), *Another Night* (1975), *Write On* and *Russian Roulette* (both 1976 -- although neither of the latter two were issued in the US in their original form) plus *A Crazy Steal* (1978).
Some of Sylvester\'s work appeared on B-sides on singles including \"Indian Girl\" (1972), \"No More Riders\" (1974), in addition to singing lead vocals on the Tony Hicks and Kenny Lynch co-written song, \"Oh Granny\" (1972).
In addition to high harmony vocals, Sylvester also sang a brief lead vocal section on the 1970 UK hit, \"Gasoline Alley Bred\" (sung mostly by Allan Clarke). He then took on a greater share of responsibilities during the 1972--73 period, when Swedish vocalist, Mikael Rickfors, temporarily replaced Clarke. Sylvester sang \"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress\" on the Hollies\' 1973 US tour and on American television appearances. He later sang a number of lead vocals during this period on *Romany* (1972). This album included a cover of Judee Sill\'s \"Jesus Was a Crossmaker\". On *Out on the Road* (1973), Sylvester took lead vocals on several songs including \"Slow Down, Go Down\", \"Pick Up the Pieces\", and \"Mr. Heartbreaker\" (which was co-written with Dean Ford of Marmalade).
After a period of discontent, partly over musical policy, Sylvester split with the Hollies in May 1981, in an incident that precipitated the resignation of bassist Bernie Calvert.
### Solo work {#solo_work}
In 1974, Sylvester released his eponymous solo album, re-releasing it as *I Believe* with a slightly revised track listing in 1976. Jimmy Griffin guested harmony vocals on the song \"Travelin\' Boy\", while Sylvester cut solo versions of his Hollies songs \"Cable Car\", \"Indian Girl\", \"Pick Up the Pieces Again\" and later, a solo version of his 1973 Hollies song \"I Had a Dream\", which was added to the CD version of the album. The 1974 single on Polydor (\"For the Peace of All Mankind\", an Albert Hammond cover) and a couple of singles in 1976 (\"I Believe\", a Stevie Wonder cover, and \"End of the Line\") all taken from his solo album failed to chart. In 1978, Sylvester issued the non-album singles \"Too Bad Lucy Jane\" and \"Silver and Gold\" in the UK, but these also failed to chart. He also earlier had contributed vocals to the Alan Parsons Project\'s first album, *Tales of Mystery and Imagination* (1975), singing lead on \"To One in Paradise\", and providing background vocals on \"The Cask of Amontillado\", behind John Miles.
In 1994, a further solo album appeared, *I Believe in Love*, comprising live versions of both his Hollies and solo recorded songs, plus covers such as \"It Never Rains in Southern California\", from a concert recorded on 20 March 1994 in Germany.
### Griffin & Sylvester {#griffin_sylvester}
In 1982, Sylvester, in collaboration with Jimmy Griffin in Memphis, Tennessee, recorded and released *Griffin & Sylvester* on Polydor. From this album, \"Please Come into My Life\", was released as a single. In the mid-1990s, Sylvester teamed up with Griffin again as the duo \'Griffin & Sylvester\', touring the UK and Canada as a part of the \'Soft Rock Cafe\'. The friendship and partnership continued, on and off, up to Griffin\'s death in January 2005. Their 1982 album was re-issued on compact disc with three bonus songs in 1999.
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# Terry Sylvester
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### Later releases, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame {#later_releases_rock_and_roll_hall_of_fame}
A double album of Sylvester\'s recordings with the Hollies (mostly Sylvester lead vocal tracks), the Alan Parsons Project, solo, and Griffin & Sylvester entitled *The Complete Works: 1969--1982*, was issued in France on Magic Records in 2001.
In 2010, as a member of the Hollies, Sylvester was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with Graham Nash, Allan Clarke, Tony Hicks, Bobby Elliott, Bernie Calvert and Eric Haydock.
## Discography
### With the Escorts {#with_the_escorts}
### With the Swinging Blue Jeans {#with_the_swinging_blue_jeans}
#### Albums
Title Year
----------------------- ------
*Don\'t Make Me Over* 1966
#### Singles
Single Year
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
\"Don\'t Make Me Over\" b/w \"What Can I Do Today\" 1966
\"Sandy\" b/w \"I\'m Gonna Have You\"
\"Rumours, Gossip, Words Untrue\" b/w \"Now the Summer\'s Gone\"
\"Tremblin\'\" b/w \"Something\'s Coming Along\" 1967
\"Don\'t Go Out into the Rain (You\'re Gonna Melt)\" b/w \"One Woman Man\"
\"What Have They Done to Hazel\" (as Ray Ennis and the Blue Jeans) b/w \"Now That You\'ve Got Me (You Don\'t Seem to Want Me)\" 1968
\"Hey Mrs
| 193 |
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| 1 |
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# China tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 19, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{Wettest tropical cyclones start|Country=Lantau Island}}
^
``
| 24 |
China tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
| 0 |
10,073,634 |
# McEwen baronets
The **McEwen Baronetcy**, of Marchmont in the County of Berwick, and Bardrochat in the County of Ayr, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 28 January 1953 for the Conservative politician John McEwen, by Elizabeth II. He notably served as Under-Secretary of State for Scotland from 1939 to 1940.
He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baronet. On his death the title passed to his younger brother, the third Baronet. The third baronet was succeeded briefly by his older son, Sir James, who died on 18 June 1983 at age 22, unmarried. As of 2020 the title is held by Sir Robert\'s second son, the fifth Baronet, who succeeded in 1983 on the early death of his elder brother. He is the current commander of the Clan MacEwen Society, UK.
## McEwen baronets, of Marchmont and Bardrochat (1953) {#mcewen_baronets_of_marchmont_and_bardrochat_1953}
- Sir John Helias Finnie McEwen, 1st Baronet (1894--1962)
- Sir James Napier Finnie McEwen, 2nd Baronet (1924--1971)
- Sir Robert Lindley McEwen, 3rd Baronet (1926--1980)
- Sir James Francis Lindley McEwen, 4th Baronet (1960--1983)
- Sir John Roderick Hugh McEwen, 5th Baronet (born 1965)
The heir presumptive is the present holder\'s first cousin Adam Hugo McEwen (born 1965)
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10,073,694 |
# Homer E. Woodling
**Homer Eugene \"Woody\" Woodling** (February 23, 1902 -- September 14, 1984) was an athletics coach and administrator at Fenn College---now Cleveland State University. Woodling served two stints as the head men\'s basketball coach at Fenn College, from 1929 to 1941 and again from 1952 to 1953. He also coached the Cleveland State baseball, track, tennis and golf teams. Woodling served as Cleveland State\'s athletic director until 1966. He was the only athletic director that Fenn College had. He served in that position from 1929 to 1965 when Fenn College became Cleveland State. He was inducted into the Cleveland State Hall of Fame in 1975.
Woodling Gym on the Cleveland State campus is named after him. It is home to volleyball, wrestling, and fencing.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Woodling was born to Charles Elwood Woodling and Elizabeth Beatrice Woodling (née Cotner). He married Frances R. Pinnell
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# Delay of game
**Delay of game** is an action in a sports game in which a player or team deliberately stalls the game, usually with the intention of using the delay to its advantage. In some sports, the delay of game is considered an infraction if it is longer than that permitted according to the game\'s rules, in which case a penalty can be issued. Some sports that have a delay of game penalty are American football, Canadian football, ice hockey and association football.
## Gridiron football {#gridiron_football}
### American
In American football, an offensive team is penalized five yards for delay of game if it fails to put the ball in play by either snap or free kick before the play clock expires. This time limit varies by league, and is often 25 seconds from the time the referee signals the ball ready for play. In the National Football League, it can also be 40 seconds from the end of the previous down, depending on the circumstances at the time. Also, the defensive team can be given the same penalty if, after a play has ended, they fail to quickly yield the ball to officials, prevent a player on the offense from getting up, or kick the ball. Sometimes the penalty is committed intentionally on fourth down in order to give the punter a more advantageous punting distance to decrease the odds of a touchback.
### Canadian
In Canadian football, the term \"delay of game\" is used for a different type of foul. On kickoffs, it can be called against the kicking team for failure to put the ball in play within 20 seconds of the referee\'s signal. At other times in the game, it can be called against the defensive team for interference with the placement of the ball after it is declared in play by the referee. In both cases, the penalty is 10 yards from the previous spot.
The foul known as \"delay of game\" in American football is called \"time count\" in Canada. It is generally identical to the American foul, with two important exceptions. First, Canadian football only allows the offensive team 20 seconds from the referee\'s signal to put the ball in play, as opposed to the longer periods allowed in the American code. Second, the penalty, which is identical to that in the American code during most of the game, including convert attempts at any time, is dramatically different after the Canadian code\'s three-minute warning near the end of each half. After the three-minute warning, the base penalty becomes loss of down on first or second down, instead of the regular 5 yards. On third down (the final down that the offensive side has to gain a first down), the penalty becomes 10 yards with the down repeated. The referee also has the right to give possession to the defensive team if he deems repeated time count violations on third down to be deliberate.
## Association football {#association_football}
Any player who the referee adjuges to be delaying the restart of the game to gain an unfair advantage is cautioned and may be shown a yellow card. Common strategies include delaying the taking of a goal kick or free kick, \"diving\", a term used for players pretending to be injured, or taking excessive time to leave or enter the field of play during a substitution.
## Ice hockey {#ice_hockey}
A player who shoots the puck directly (that is, without a deflection off the glass or another player or stick) over the glass and out of play from his defensive zone or in the neutral zone, whether intentional or not, is charged with a minor penalty (two minutes).
A player who intentionally removes his own goal from its moorings is charged with a minor penalty (two minutes).
Also, in leagues utilizing the trapezoid behind the net, if the goaltender plays the puck in the outside corners of the area, he is charged with a delay of game.
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# Delay of game
## Bowling
In the Professional Bowlers Association tour events, a 25-second shot clock is used for televised events. The clock starts when the bowler picks up his ball on the first ball of a frame, or when it exits the automatic ball return on all other balls. If the bowler fails to release the ball before the clock expires, he is warned on the first offense and charged with a minor penalty (\$50 fine) on subsequent offenses in the same tournament.
## Baseball
MLB rule 8.04 requires that, \"when the bases are unoccupied, the pitcher shall deliver the ball to the batter within 12 seconds after he receives the ball. Each time the pitcher delays the game by violating this rule, the umpire shall call \"Ball\". The 12-second timing starts when the pitcher is in possession of the ball and the batter is in the box, alert to the pitcher. The timing stops when the pitcher releases the ball.\" This rule, however, is virtually ignored completely.
In 2010, the Southeastern Conference began enforcing a 20-second pitch clock when the bases are empty, and the rule was adopted by the NCAA in 2011. A warning is given for the first violation, and subsequent violations by a pitcher result in an automatic ball. If the batter causes the 20-second violation, an automatic strike is assessed. The clock will be visible. The pitch clock was used in the Double-A and Triple-A levels of Minor League Baseball beginning in the 2015 season.
## Basketball
\"Delay of game\" is a violation in basketball. FIBA, NBA and U.S. NCAA have provisions on delays of game, with the first violation being a warning, and the succeeding violations are assessed as technical fouls. FIBA\'s rules on delaying the game are for deliberately touching the ball after it passes through the basket or by preventing a throw-in from being taken promptly. The NBA\'s delay of game violations include preventing the ball from being promptly put into play during throw-ins, including a player touching the ball or a defender crossing the boundary line prior to the throw-in, players or other non-players interfering with the ball when it crosses the boundary line, and entering the court with an untucked shirt. The NCAA\'s rules include provisions on teams that fail to be ready at the start of every quarter or at the end of time outs.
Aside from a technical foul, the shot clock is reset to 14 seconds or remains the same, whichever is greater, if the defensive team is the violator; if the offensive team is assessed with the violation, no change in timing will be given. In the NBA, if the delay of game occurred in the last two minutes of the fourth quarter or overtime, a technical foul will be assessed if a player crosses the boundary line prior to a throw-in.
In the NBA, no ejection of a player or coach can result from a delay of game violation. FIBA and U.S. NCAA, however, will disqualify a player or coach for two technical fouls.
In the PBA, the first violation for a delay of game would result in a warning regardless if it happens during the last 2 minutes of the game. The violation is commonly used during throw-ins of close games in order to \"peek\" at the play or rotation the opposing team is planning to execute.
## Cricket
In limited overs cricket, teams are fined if they do not deliver a certain number of legal balls within a given time span. In addition, the umpires can give 5 penalty runs to either team if they think the other team is wasting time.
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| 1 |
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# Delay of game
## Quiz bowl {#quiz_bowl}
In quiz bowl, players buzzing in on a tossup question must say their answer within a short time, usually five seconds. Taking longer than five seconds is called stalling, and typically is treated as if the player gave the wrong answer. This usually implies that the team will be negged (five points taken from the score in NAQT format) and the other team has the opportunity to answer the question while the stalling team is locked out
| 85 |
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| 2 |
10,073,727 |
# Archie Duncan (actor)
**Archie Duncan** (26 May 1914 -- 24 July 1979) was a Scottish actor born in Glasgow.
Duncan\'s father was a regimental sergeant major in the army and his mother was a postmistress. He attended Glasgow\'s Govan High School and worked as a welder in Glasgow shipyards for a decade.
He began his career in repertory theatre and West End plays. His professional acting debut was in *Juno and the Paycock* in May 1944 at the Alhambra Theatre, Glasgow.
Although he appeared in over 50 television series and movie roles, he is best remembered for Inspector Lestrade in the 1954 series *Sherlock Holmes*`{{r|etvs|page1=960}}`{=mediawiki} and Little John in *The Adventures of Robin Hood* from 1955 to 1959.
Duncan was replaced in the Little John role by Rufus Cruikshank for 10 episodes after Duncan was injured when a horse bolted toward spectators, mostly children, watching the location filming of the episode \"Checkmate\" on 20 April 1955. He grabbed the bridle, stopping the horse, but the cart it was pulling ran over him causing a fractured kneecap and cuts and bruises. He received the Queen\'s Commendation for Brave Conduct and £1,360 in damages from Sapphire films.
He also played the ditch digger in the 1969 film *Ring of Bright Water* who dispatched the star otter Mij with his spade, towards the end.
On 24 July 1979, aged 65, Duncan died at his London home.
## Filmography
Year Title Role Notes
------ ------------------------------- ----------------------- -------------------
1948 *Counterblast* Dr. McKegney Uncredited
1949 *Operation Diamond* McPherson
1949 *Floodtide* Charlie Campbell
1949 *The Bad Lord Byron* John Murray
1950 *The Gorbals Story* Bull
1950 *The Elusive Pimpernel* Man in bath
1951 *Happy Go Lovely* Police Inspector Uncredited
1951 *Flesh and Blood* Sergeant
1951 *Circle of Danger* Angus Uncredited
1951 *The Lavender Hill Mob* Chief Cashier Uncredited
1951 *Green Grow the Rushes* Constable Pettigrew
1952 *The Last Page* Police Constable Uncredited
1952 *The Story of Robin Hood* Red Gill
1952 *Home at Seven* Station Sergeant Uncredited
1952 *Castle in the Air* Constable
1952 *You\'re Only Young Twice*
1952 *The Brave Don\'t Cry* Walter Hardie
1952 *Hot Ice* Wilson
1953 *Street Corner* Chief Inspector Uncredited
1953 *Laxdale Hall* Police Sergeant
1953 *Johnny on the Run* The Crofter
1953 *Twice Upon a Time* Doorman
1953 *Counterspy* Jim Fenton
1953 *The Master of Ballantrae* Messenger Uncredited
1953 *Rob Roy: The Highland Rogue* Dugal MacGregor
1954 *Trouble in the Glen* Nolly Dukes
1956 *X the Unknown* Sgt. Yeardye Uncredited
1957 *The Devil\'s Pass* George Jolly
1957 *Saint Joan* Robert de Baudricourt
1958 *Harry Black* Woolsey
1959 *John Paul Jones* Duncan MacBean
1960 *The Boy and the Pirates* Scoggins
1960 *Tess of the Storm Country* Hamish MacLean
1961 *Very Important Person* Scottish Captain Uncredited
1961 *What a Whopper* Macdonald
1962 *Postman\'s Knock* Inspector
1963 *The Mouse on the Moon* USAF General
1963 *Lancelot and Guinevere* Sir Lamorak
1964 *The Horror of It All* Muldoon Marley
1967 *The Man Outside* Supt
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| 0 |
10,073,737 |
# Contrastivism
**Contrastivism**, or the **contrast theory of meaning**, is an epistemological theory proposed by Jonathan Schaffer that suggests that knowledge attributions have a ternary structure of the form \'S knows that p rather than q\'. This is in contrast to the traditional view whereby knowledge attributions have a binary structure of the form \'S knows that p\'. Contrastivism was suggested as an alternative to contextualism. Both are semantic theories that try to explain skepticism using semantic methods.
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong proposed in a paper titled \"A Contrastivist Manifesto\" a variant of contrastivism that, he argues, differs from contextualism, invariantism, and Schaffer\'s contrastivism.
Ernest Gellner in *Words and Things* \"terms derive their meaning from the fact that there are or could be things which fall under them and that there are others which do not.\"
## The contrast clause {#the_contrast_clause}
The \'\...rather than q\' part of the knowledge attribution is known as the \'contrast clause\'. This is what separates it from traditional binary formulations. Rather than taking the same road as contextualism and saying that the meaning of \'knows\' can change with attributor context the contrastivist claims that it is the unspoken contrast clause that changes. This can be used to avoid skeptical problems
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# Chatsworth Television
**Chatsworth Television** was a British television production company, trading between 1973 and 2006. The best-known examples of their programmes are *Treasure Hunt* (Channel 4, 1982--1989 / BBC Two, 2002--2003), *Interceptor* (Thames Television for ITV, 1989--1990) and *The Crystal Maze* (Channel 4, 1990--1995). The company also collaborated with Central Television in the production of the darts quiz show *Bullseye*
| 61 |
Chatsworth Television
| 0 |
10,073,754 |
# Mini-Moni Jankenpyon! / Haru Natsu Aki Fuyu Daisukki!
is the first single by Morning Musume subgroup Minimoni. It was released on January 17, 2001 and sold 763,380 copies. It peaked at number one in Japan on the weekly Oricon chart, charting for seventeen weeks
| 45 |
Mini-Moni Jankenpyon! / Haru Natsu Aki Fuyu Daisukki!
| 0 |
10,073,788 |
# Opera Noire of New York
**Opera Noire of New York** is a performing arts company, as well as a resource and network for African-American artists. ONNY is an organization which has performed in multiple venues in the New York City metropolitan area. Opera Noire was founded by leading New York City Opera tenor Robert Mack, baritone Kenneth Overton and tenor Barron Coleman. The group consists of all African American opera singers.
ONNY has partnered with the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and New York City Opera to present rarely performed live excerpts from the operas *Treemonisha*, *Ouanga*, *Four Saints in Three Acts*, *Till Victory is Won*, *Troubled in Mind*, and *I Was Looking at the Ceiling and Then I Saw the Sky* by composers John Adams, Edward Boatner, Mark Fax, Scott Joplin, Virgil Thomson, and Clarence Cameron White. This program was presented in honor of the Schomburg Center\'s 85th Anniversary and Howard Dodson\'s 25th Anniversary as its director, and dedicated to the memory of the distinguished author and musician Raoul Abdul (1929--2010). It was the first in a series that also includes *A Tribute to Robert McFerrin* and *The Life and Times of Malcolm X*
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Opera Noire of New York
| 0 |
10,073,809 |
# Paula Volsky
**Paula Volsky** is an American fantasy author.
## Biography
Paula Volsky was born in Fanwood, New Jersey. She majored in English literature at liberal arts college, Vassar, in New York State, where she became friendly with Esther Friesner and Jane Bishop. Together, they wrote at least one film script for student production, *Lavinia: a Girl of the Street*, which demonstrated Volsky\'s trademark tongue-in-cheek style. At the University of Birmingham, England, she received an M.A. in Shakespearian studies. Before writing fantasy, she sold real estate and also worked for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
After releasing novels regularly for nearly twenty years, Volsky published no new work for nearly a decade, even though *Locus* had reported her sale of a \"new fantasy trilogy\" to Bantam Books in mid-2000. After a long delay, the publisher announced that the final volume had been completed, and that it would issue the books beginning in late 2011.
Terri Windling described Volsky as \"a reliably entertaining storyteller.\" All her novels written under her own name take place within the same fictional world, often with fantasy plot-lines inspired by historical events
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# Stad van de Zon
**Stad van de Zon** (City of the Sun) is a housing and building project in Heerhugowaard, The Netherlands, based on a concept developed by Bert Smolders, then urban planner with Kuiper Compagnons, and further realized by the architect and urban planner Ashok Bhalotra.
The goal was and is to build homes that are directed towards the sun, and that a big part of the energy used by those homes is provided by solar power. This way, the project is to become the first carbon neutral as well as the largest photovoltaic neighbourhood worldwide.
As of 2007, about 1,500 residential homes have been completed
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# 1/4 + 1/16 + 1/64 + 1/256 + ⋯
In mathematics, the infinite series `{{nowrap |'''{{sfrac|1|4}} + {{sfrac|1|16}} + {{sfrac|1|64}} + {{sfrac|1|256}} + ⋯'''}}`{=mediawiki} is an example of one of the first infinite series to be summed in the history of mathematics; it was used by Archimedes circa 250--200 BC. As it is a geometric series with first term `{{sfrac|1|4}}`{=mediawiki} and common ratio `{{sfrac|1|4}}`{=mediawiki}, its sum is $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{4^n}=\frac {\frac 1 4} {1 - \frac 1 4} = \frac 1 3.$
## Visual demonstrations {#visual_demonstrations}
The series `{{nowrap|{{sfrac|1|4}} + {{sfrac|1|16}} + {{sfrac|1|64}} + {{sfrac|1|256}} + ⋯}}`{=mediawiki} lends itself to some particularly simple visual demonstrations because a square and a triangle both divide into four similar pieces, each of which contains `{{sfrac|1|4}}`{=mediawiki} the area of the original.
In the figure on the left, if the large square is taken to have area 1, then the largest black square has area `{{sfrac|1|2}}`{=mediawiki} × `{{sfrac|1|2}}`{=mediawiki} = `{{sfrac|1|4}}`{=mediawiki}. Likewise, the second largest black square has area `{{sfrac|1|16}}`{=mediawiki}, and the third largest black square has area `{{sfrac|1|64}}`{=mediawiki}. The area taken up by all of the black squares together is therefore `{{nowrap|{{sfrac|1|4}} + {{sfrac|1|16}} + {{sfrac|1|64}} + ⋯}}`{=mediawiki}, and this is also the area taken up by the gray squares and the white squares. Since these three areas cover the unit square, the figure demonstrates that $3\left(\frac14+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+\frac{1}{4^4}+\cdots\right) = 1.$
Archimedes\' own illustration, adapted at top, was slightly different, being closer to the equation
$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{3}{4^n}=\frac34+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+\frac{3}{4^4}+\cdots = 1.$ See below for details on Archimedes\' interpretation.
The same geometric strategy also works for triangles, as in the figure on the right: if the large triangle has area 1, then the largest black triangle has area `{{sfrac|1|4}}`{=mediawiki}, and so on. The figure as a whole has a self-similarity between the large triangle and its upper sub-triangle. A related construction making the figure similar to all three of its corner pieces produces the Sierpiński triangle.
## Proof by Archimedes {#proof_by_archimedes}
Archimedes encounters the series in his work *Quadrature of the Parabola*. He finds the area inside a parabola by the method of exhaustion, and he gets a series of triangles; each stage of the construction adds an area `{{sfrac|1|4}}`{=mediawiki} times the area of the previous stage. His desired result is that the total area is `{{sfrac|4|3}}`{=mediawiki} times the area of the first stage. To get there, he takes a break from parabolas to introduce an algebraic lemma:
> **Proposition 23.** Given a series of areas `{{nowrap|''A'', ''B'', ''C'', ''D'', ... , ''Z''}}`{=mediawiki}, of which *A* is the greatest, and each is equal to four times the next in order, then $A + B + C + D + \cdots + Z + \frac13 Z = \frac43 A.$
Archimedes proves the proposition by first calculating $\begin{array}{rcl}
\displaystyle B+C+\cdots+Z+\frac{B}{3}+\frac{C}{3}+\cdots+\frac{Z}{3} & = &\displaystyle \frac{4B}{3}+\frac{4C}{3}+\cdots+\frac{4Z}{3} \\[1em]
& = &\displaystyle \frac13(A+B+\cdots+Y).
\end{array}$ On the other hand, $\frac{B}{3}+\frac{C}{3}+\cdots+\frac{Y}{3} = \frac13(B+C+\cdots+Y).$
Subtracting this equation from the previous equation yields $B+C+\cdots+Z+\frac{Z}{3} = \frac13 A$ and adding *A* to both sides gives the desired result.
Today, a more standard phrasing of Archimedes\' proposition is that the partial sums of the series `{{nowrap|1 + {{sfrac|1|4}} + {{sfrac|1|16}} + ⋯}}`{=mediawiki} are: $1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{4^n}=\frac{1-\left(\frac14\right)^{n+1}}{1-\frac14}.$
This form can be proved by multiplying both sides by 1 − `{{sfrac|1|4}}`{=mediawiki} and observing that all but the first and the last of the terms on the left-hand side of the equation cancel in pairs. The same strategy works for any finite geometric series.
## The limit {#the_limit}
Archimedes\' Proposition 24 applies the finite (but indeterminate) sum in Proposition 23 to the area inside a parabola by a double *reductio ad absurdum*. He does not *quite* take the limit of the above partial sums, but in modern calculus this step is easy enough: $\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1-\left(\frac14\right)^{n+1}}{1-\frac14} = \frac{1}{1-\frac14} = \frac43.$
Since the sum of an infinite series is defined as the limit of its partial sums, $1+\frac14+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+\cdots = \frac43
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# 1961 Ryder Cup
The **14th Ryder Cup Matches** were held 13--14 October 1961 at Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club in Lytham St Annes, England. The United States team won the competition by a score of 14`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} to 9`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} points.
At the 1959 Ryder Cup there had been informal discussions between the US and British PGAs about changing the format of the contest. In April 1960 the British PGA made a formal proposal. The suggestion was that, for 1961, matches would be reduced to 18 holes and that there would be two sets of matches each day; two sets of foursomes on the first day and two sets of singles on the second. The pairings for the foursomes and the order of play in the foursomes and singles could be changed for the second set of matches. They also proposed that, for 1963, the match should be extended to three days with two set of four-ball matches on the extra day. By August 1960 the US PGA had agreed to the proposal as it related to the 1961 event, the change being formalised later that year.
## Format
The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The format used in 1961 was the first change from that used since the inaugural event in 1927. Instead of 12 matches of 36 holes, there were 24 matches of 18 holes. The schedule of play in 1961 was as follows:
- **Day 1** (Friday) --- 8 foursomes (alternate shot) matches, 4 each in morning and afternoon sessions
- **Day 2** (Saturday) --- 16 singles matches, 8 each in morning and afternoon sessions
With a total of 24 points, 12`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 18 holes.
## Teams
Source:
The British team was determined using the 1961 Order of Merit with the 1961 Open Championship and News of the World Match Play winners receiving automatic places. The first qualifying event was the Schweppes PGA Close Championship in early April with the Carling-Caledonian Tournament in early August being the final one. With Arnold Palmer winning the Open, nine players qualified after the Carling-Caledonian Tournament: O\'Connor, Hunt, Alliss, Bousfield, Coles, Rees, Panton, Moffitt and Haliburton. Weetman was in tenth place. Weetman gained his place when three of the four semi-finalists in the News of the World Match Play were already in the team and the fourth (Peter Thomson, an Australian) was ineligible. Rees was chosen as the captain.
-------------------------
**Team Great Britain**
Name
Dai Rees -- captain
Peter Alliss
Ken Bousfield
Neil Coles
Tom Haliburton
Bernard Hunt
Ralph Moffitt
Christy O\'Connor Snr
John Panton
Harry Weetman
-------------------------
Arnold Palmer, age 32, competed in his first Ryder Cup. He recorded two wins in pairs and a win and a half in singles.
-------------------------
**Team USA**
Name
Jerry Barber -- captain
Billy Casper
Bill Collins
Dow Finsterwald
Doug Ford
Jay Hebert
Gene Littler
Arnold Palmer
Mike Souchak
Art Wall Jr.
-------------------------
## Friday\'s matches {#fridays_matches}
### Morning foursomes {#morning_foursomes}
Results
---------------------- --------- ---------------------
**O\'Connor/Alliss** 4 & 3 Ford/Littler
Panton/Hunt 4 & 3 **Wall/Hebert**
Rees/Bousfield 2 & 1 **Casper/Palmer**
Haliburton/Coles 1 up **Collins/Souchak**
1 Session 3
1 Overall 3
### Afternoon foursomes {#afternoon_foursomes}
Results
-------------------- --------- ------------------------
O\'Connor/Alliss 1 up **Wall/Hebert**
Panton/Hunt 5 & 4 **Casper/Palmer**
**Rees/Bousfield** 4 & 2 Collins/Souchak
Haliburton/Coles 1 up **Barber/Finsterwald**
1 Session 3
2 Overall 6
## Saturday\'s matches {#saturdays_matches}
### Morning singles {#morning_singles}
Results
------------------- --------- ---------------------
Harry Weetman 1 up **Doug Ford**
Ralph Moffitt 5 & 4 **Mike Souchak**
Peter Alliss halved Arnold Palmer
Ken Bousfield 5 & 3 **Billy Casper**
**Dai Rees** 2 & 1 Jay Hebert
Neil Coles halved Gene Littler
**Bernard Hunt** 5 & 4 Jerry Barber
Christy O\'Connor 2 & 1 **Dow Finsterwald**
3 Session 5
5 Overall 11
### Afternoon singles {#afternoon_singles}
Results
------------------------ --------- -------------------------
Harry Weetman 1 up **Art Wall Jr.**
**Peter Alliss** 3 & 2 Bill Collins
Bernard Hunt 2 & 1 **Mike Souchak**
Tom Haliburton 2 & 1 **Arnold Palmer**
**Dai Rees** 4 & 3 Doug Ford
**Ken Bousfield** 1 up Jerry Barber
**Neil Coles** 1 up Dow Finsterwald
Christy O\'Connor halved Gene Littler
4`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session 3`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
9`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 14`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
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# 1961 Ryder Cup
## Individual player records {#individual_player_records}
Each entry refers to the win--loss--half record of the player.
Source:
### Great Britain {#great_britain}
Player Points Overall Singles Foursomes
------------------- -------- --------- --------- -----------
Peter Alliss 2.5 2--1--1 1--0--1 1--1--0
Ken Bousfield 2 2--2--0 1--1--0 1--1--0
Neil Coles 1.5 1--2--1 1--0--1 0--2--0
Tom Haliburton 0 0--3--0 0--1--0 0--2--0
Bernard Hunt 1 1--3--0 1--1--0 0--2--0
Ralph Moffitt 0 0--1--0 0--1--0 0--0--0
Christy O\'Connor 1.5 1--2--1 0--1--1 1--1--0
John Panton 0 0--2--0 0--0--0 0--2--0
Dai Rees 3 3--1--0 2--0--0 1--1--0
Harry Weetman 0 0--2--0 0--2--0 0--0--0
### United States {#united_states}
Player Points Overall Singles Foursomes
----------------- -------- --------- --------- -----------
Jerry Barber 1 1--2--0 0--2--0 1--0--0
Billy Casper 3 3--0--0 1--0--0 2--0--0
Bill Collins 1 1--2--0 0--1--0 1--1--0
Dow Finsterwald 2 2--1--0 1--1--0 1--0--0
Doug Ford 1 1--2--0 1--1--0 0--1--0
Jay Hebert 2 2--1--0 0--1--0 2--0--0
Gene Littler 1 0--1--2 0--0--2 0--1--0
Arnold Palmer 3.5 3--0--1 1--0--1 2--0--0
Mike Souchak 3 3--1--0 2--0--0 1--1--0
Art Wall Jr
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# Dee Brown (American football)
**Dadrian LaBreece**\"**Dee**\"**Brown** (born May 12, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He went to high school at Lake Brantley High School, where he played quarterback. He played college football for the Syracuse Orange and was moved to running back with Donovan McNabb as their quarterback. Brown was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the sixth round (175th overall) of the 2001 NFL draft.
After his playing career, Brown went into coaching, initially serving as a special assistant for the Denver Broncos. He then spent several years as a high school coach before joining the college ranks in 2021 as offensive coordinator for NCAA Division II Livingstone. After one season, he moved to Division I FCS Campbell as running backs coach
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# Cor Fuhler
**Cornelis William Hendrik Fuhler** (3 July 1964 -- 19 July 2020) was a Dutch/Romani improvisor, composer, and instrument builder associated with free jazz, experimental music and acoustic ecology. He played piano by manipulating sound with electromagnetic string stimulators like Ebows and motorized actuators. Fuhler also performed on guitar, turntables and synthesizer. He invented the keyolin, a combination of keyboard and violin.
Fuhler was a student of Misha Mengelberg of the Instant Composers Pool. He recorded the album *Corkestra* (Data, 2005) with Ab Baars, Tony Buck, Tobias Delius, Wilbert de Joode, Anne La Berge, Andy Moor, Nora Mulder, and Michael Vatcher. Fuhler played prepared piano, analog keyboards, clavinet, melodica, and electric lamellophone. Fuhler played solo prepared piano on his album *Stengam* (Potlatch, 2007). In 2016 he attained a PhD in composition at the University of Sydney and in 2017 he published his book *Disperse and Display* covering modular composing strategies and extended piano techniques.
Fuhler \"died unexpectedly\" at his home in Australia.
## Discography
- 1995 *7 CC in 10* (Geestgronden)
- 1996 *The Psychedelic Years* Palinckx (Vonk)
- 1998 *Bellagram* (Geestgronden)
- 1999 *DJ Cor Blimey and his Pigeon* (ConundromCD)
- 2001 *The Flirts* (Erstwhile), duo with Gert-Jan Prins
- 2002 *The Hands of Caravaggio*, as part of M.I.M.E.O
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# 2005 SEC men's basketball tournament
The **2005 SEC men\'s basketball tournament** took place from March 10--13, 2005 in Atlanta, Georgia at the Georgia Dome. The SEC Championship Game was televised by CBS.
The top two teams in both the Eastern and Western Divisions receive byes in the first round, which were Kentucky, Alabama, LSU, and Florida and played their second-round games on March 11, 2005. The winner of the tournament, Florida, received the SEC\'s automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. This was Florida\'s first SEC tournament championship.
## Bracket
Asterisk denotes game ended in overtime
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# Mini-Moni Telephone! Rin Rin Rin / Mini-Moni Bus Guide
is the second single by Morning Musume subgroup Minimoni. It was released on September 12, 2001 and sold 341,560 copies. The single reached #1 on the Oricon weekly chart, charting for sixteen weeks, making it the group\'s second consecutive single to reach the top spot on the weekly Oricon chart
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# Apatzingán
**Apatzingán** (in full, **Apatzingán de la Constitución**) is a city and municipal seat of the municipality of Apatzingán in the west-central region of the Mexican state of Michoacán.
## History
Mexico\'s Constitution of Apatzingán was signed in the city in 1814, during the Mexican War of Independence in the Viceroyalty of New Spain against the Spanish Empire.
Six federal police officers were charged with murder on August 21, 2019 for their supposed involvement in a police operation that left nine dead on January 6, 2015 in Apatzingán. At least nine people died and several were injured when police fired against members and sympathizers of self-defense groups who had taken over the municipal palace.
## Geography
The Municipality of Apatzingán is located in the Tierra Caliente Valley. It has an area of 1,656.67 km^2^ (639.64 sq mi), and reported a population of 99,010 (2010).
The city of Apatzingán is the sixth-largest in Michoacán (behind Morelia, Uruapan, Zamora, Lázaro Cárdenas, and Zitácuaro), with a 2015 census population of 128,250 persons.
The major Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range and the municipality of Coalcomán de Vázquez Pallares are to the west.
### Climate
Despite having an annual precipitation of 752 mm, Apatzingán has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification *BSh*) due to its hot temperatures and high evaporation rates
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# 2007 Massachusetts's 5th congressional district special election
Massachusetts held a special election to fill a vacancy in Massachusetts\'s 5th congressional district on October 16, 2007. Democrat Niki Tsongas won election to Congress, defeating Republican Jim Ogonowski in an election that was closer than expected.
Marty Meehan had been the district\'s Representative to Congress since 1993. He announced his resignation in May 2007 (effective July 1), allowing him to become the next Chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Meehan had last won re-election in 2006, when he ran unopposed. The district was considered to be strongly Democratic, as it voted 58% for the Democratic candidate (John Kerry) in the most recent presidential election. In addition, Massachusetts had not elected a Republican to Congress since Peter Blute and Peter Torkildsen were last elected to office in 1994 (both were defeated in 1996). No Republican had held the 5th congressional district\'s seat since Paul W. Cronin departed from office in 1975 after his defeat by Democrat Paul Tsongas in 1974.
A primary election was held on September 4, 2007, to determine each political party\'s nominee for the general election. Niki Tsongas won the Democratic nomination and Jim Ogonowski won the Republican nomination. Tsongas won the general election, held on October 16, 2007, with 51% of the vote; Ogonowski received 45%.
## Candidates
*All candidates for the election are listed alphabetically first by party, then by name. **Bold** is primary winners and general election candidates.*
### Constitution
- **Kevin Thompson** -- State Constitution Party Secretary from Brockton
### Democratic
- Eileen Donoghue -- City Councilor and former Lowell Mayor
- Jamie Eldridge -- State Representative from Acton
- Barry Finegold -- State Representative from Andover
- Jim Miceli -- State Representative from Wilmington
- **Niki Tsongas** -- Dean at Middlesex Community College from Lowell, and widow of Paul Tsongas
### Independent
- **Kurt Hayes** -- Businessman from Boxborough
- **Patrick O. Murphy** -- Brick and stonemason from Lowell
### Republican
- **Jim Ogonowski** -- Former Air Force Lt. Colonel from Dracut, and brother of John
- Thomas Tierney -- Self-Employed Independent Consulting Actuary from Framingham
## Withdrawn / not running {#withdrawn_not_running}
### Democratic {#democratic_1}
- James DiPaola -- Middlesex County Sheriff
- David O\'Brien -- Democratic National Committee member from Concord
### Republican {#republican_1}
- Fred Smerlas -- Former NFL defensive lineman
- Michael J. Sullivan -- Mayor of Lawrence
## Polling
### Democratic primary {#democratic_primary}
Source Date Donoghue (D) Eldridge (D) Finegold (D) Miceli (D) Tsongas (D)
-------------------------- ------------------ -------------- -------------- -------------- ------------ -------------
Survey USA Aug 27--29, 2007 29% 15% 9% 3% **40%**
Survey USA Aug 11--13, 2007 16% 13% 14% 4% **38%**
Kiley & Company Aug 8--9, 2007 18% 16% 13% 4% **34%**
JEF Associates Aug 6--7, 2007 22% 7% 8% 4% **28%**
Kiley & Company July 15, 2007 13% 12% 10% 4% **36%**
JEF Associates Jun 28--30, 2007 17% 10% 13% 4% **26%**
Kiley & Company May 22, 2007 9% 10% 11% 3% **38%**
Garin-Hart-Yang Research May 3--4, 2007 13% 5% 10% 4% **36%**
Kiley & Company Mar 23--24, 2007 9% 9% 8% 3% **35%**
### Republican primary {#republican_primary}
Source Date Ogonowski (R) Tierney (R)
------------ ------------------ --------------- -------------
Survey USA Aug 27--29, 2007 **72%** 12%
### General Election {#general_election}
Source Date Ogonowski (R) Tsongas (D) Thompson (C) Hayes (I) Murphy (I)
------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------- -------------- ----------- ------------
Survey USA Oct 8--10, 2007 42% **51%** 0% 2% 4%
RCCC Poll Oct 1--5, 2007 39% **44%** N/A N/A N/A
Survey USA Sep 7--9, 2007 41% **51%** 2% 2% 1%
## Results
**Bold** indicates winner of nomination. Source: <https://web.archive.org/web/20120207164837/http://www.thebostonchannel.com/politics/14003157/detail
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# Pyotr Kozlovsky
Prince **Pyotr Borisovich Kozlovsky** (*Пётр Бори́сович Козло́вский*, December 1783 in Moscow -- 26 October 1840 in Baden-Baden) was a Russian diplomat and a man of letters.
## Biography
A member of one of Russia\'s Rurikid families, Pyotr Borisovich Kozlovsky had a short career as a diplomat, was a writer and translator, but is known mainly for his contacts with the numerous literary figures with whom he became acquainted during his extensive and protracted travels in Western Europe.
His early intellectual development was greatly aided by contact with the cultivated foreigners, primarily French emigrants, who were frequent visitors to his parental home. He received an education at home, though this was not taken seriously until the death of an older brother. Kozlovsky became a fluent speaker of French, English, German, and Italian.
Enjoying the patronage of Prince Alexander Borisovich Kurakin, in 1801 he entered the Russian diplomatic service in St. Petersburg and in 1802 was appointed interpreter to the Russian mission to the Kingdom of Sardinia. Initially in Rome, where he developed his interest in mathematics and physics, Kozlovsky followed the Sardinian court to Cagliari, when it was forced to flee Rome in 1806. By 1810, he had been promoted to chargé d\'affaires.
Recalled to Russia in 1811 and briefly dismissed from the service, in 1812 he was appointed ambassador to Sardinia in Turin, where he remained until 1816. During the brief peace between France and Russia after the signing of the Treaties of Tilsit in 1807, Kozlovsky helped a group of French officers escape English captivity, for which he was awarded the Cross of the Légion d\'honneur by the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. He was closely involved in the negotiations on the demarcation of the frontiers between Switzerland, France, and the Kingdom of Sardinia and was also a minor member of the Russian delegation to the Congress of Vienna (1814--1815).
Kozlowski was familiar with François-René de Chateaubriand and Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais, under whose influence secretly converted to Catholicism from Russian Orthodoxy, his religion by birth. In 1816 he married an Italian called Giovanetta Rebora.
In 1818, he was appointed ambassador simultaneously to the Kingdom of Württemberg in Stuttgart and the Grand Duchy of Baden in Karlsruhe, but in 1820 a political dispute with the Russian government, caused by his public defence of the beginnings of democratic government in these states, led to his resignation and self-imposed exile, although he continued to receive a salary and remain, theoretically at least, available for service. During this period he turns up for varying lengths of time in Austria (1821--1822, in Vienna, Graz, Prague, Teplitz), Switzerland, France (1823--1824 in Paris), Germany (1825-6, in Berlin), the Netherlands and London (from 1829).
Even after the new government of Tsar Nicholas I almost halved his salary in 1827, Kozlovsky remained interested in political events, hoping for active employment during the Russo-Turkish war of 1828--1829, a post as Russian Consul in Hamburg in 1830, and watching the events of the July Revolution of 1830 in France and the Belgian Revolution of the same year. Events in France prompted him to write his *Lettres au duc de Broglie sur les prisonniers de Vincennes*, in which he pleaded the innocence of former ministers under Charles X. The Belgian revolution prompted him to write *Belgium in 1830* in the hope of influencing British policy. The work was not published, however, until 1831, by which time it had been overtaken by events.
Kozlovsky only returned to Russia in 1835, having suffered a serious injury in an accident in Poland which left him permanently disabled. In the summer of 1836 he finally returned to diplomatic life as a member of Paskevich\'s Council for the Kingdom of Poland in Warsaw, so that during the last four years of his life he was travelling between Warsaw and St. Petersburg. He died in Baden-Baden where he had gone to take the waters for health reasons.
During the 1810s in Italy Kozlovsky married Giovanetta Rebora from Milan who bore him a son Charles, and in 1817 a daughter, Sophie (Sofka) Koslowska (died in 1878). Sophie was in close contact with the French novelist Honoré de Balzac, who followed Kozlovsky as the lover of Frances Sarah Lovell (1804--1883), wife of Count Emilio Guidoboni-Visconti. One sister, Maria Borisovna (1788--1851), a poet in her own right, was the mother of the composer Alexander Sergeyevich Dargomyzhsky (Александр Сергеевич Даргомыжский), another, Daria Borisovna, was married to the poet, translator and state councillor Michail Sergeyevich Kaisarov (1780--1825, Михаил Сергеевич Кайсаров)
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# Pyotr Kozlovsky
## Literary life {#literary_life}
Even before his exile Kozlovsky had become a well-known figure in polite society and literary circles in Western Europe. In Rome he had met and become a friend of François-René de Chateaubriand and met Madame de Staël, with whom he continued to correspond after his move to Cagliari. Here he met the future King of France, Louis-Philippe, with whom he is reputed to have discussed Shakespeare on long sea-side walks. While in Cagliari, Kozlovsky also met the Scottish writer John Galt. Galt dedicated his *Letters from the Levant* to him and also provided him with introductions to Byron and Sir Walter Scott when Kozlovsky passed through London on his way to Turin. On 30 June 1813 he received an honorary Doctorate of Civil Law from the University of Oxford.
Kozlovsky first appears in London in early 1812, and seems to have made an immediate impression on English society. In a letter to Lady Morpeth in February 1812, Harriet Countess Granville wrote \"London swarms with Russians. A fat nephew of the Princess Galitzin, a Prince something, Koslouski I believe, was going to Sardinia, but he has fallen so desperately in love with a beautiful girl, Mrs Tom Sheridan\'s youngest sister, that he scarcely can \...\". The novelist Maria Edgeworth wrote of him in a letter to her sister: \"I know nothing of him but that he is short and fat and looks good-humoured and like two men bound in one. He says he has a great desire to pay me his homage. If he throws himself at my feet he will never be able to get up again.\" Kozlovsky\'s prodigious obesity was captured in the caricature by George Cruikshank *Longitude and Latitude of St. Petersburgh*. A further aspect of Kozlovski\'s reputation was summed up in an anonymous caricature entitled *L\'aimable roué*, published in 1813. Kozlovsky appears to have visited Byron on a number of occasions *complaining of the English husband and the restrictions upon their wives*, but Byron\'s plan to return to the Mediterranean with him in the summer of 1813 came to nothing. In subsequent years Kozlovsky had friendly relations with the British King George IV. The Times records on 15 June 1829 that he had been presented to the King at a ball and a year later (The Times, 2 June 1830) he was in London again inquiring after health of the ailing King.
During his period as ambassador in Baden, Kozlovsky had become a friend of Karl August Varnhagen von Ense, the German writer who was briefly Prussian ambassador in Karlsruhe, and during his \'exile\' Kozlovsky became a constant companion of the poet Heinrich Heine during his stay in August 1826 on the island of Norderney.
Back in Russia, Kozlovsky became part of the literary circles including Vasily Zhukovsky, Pyotr Vyazemsky, and Alexander Pushkin. In 1836 and 1837, he contributed three popular scientific articles to Pushkin\'s journal *Современник* (The Contemporary). The first, in part 1, was *Разборъ парижского математическаго ежегодника на 1836 годъ*, a review of the *Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes* for 1836 edited by François Arago; the second, in part 3, was *О надежде* (On Hope), an article on probability theory; the third, in part 6, was *Краткое начертание теории паровых машин*, (A short outline of the theory of steam engines), which was illustrated.
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# Pyotr Kozlovsky
## Note on transliteration {#note_on_transliteration}
Kozlovsky\'s name appears in numerous forms, depending on the language it is transliterated into: Kozlovski/y, Koslowski/y, Koslofski/y, Koslouski/y, etc. According to Wilhelm Dorow, the Prince himself seems to have preferred *Kosloffsky*, one of the less common forms.
## Works
- *Verses to Prince Kurakin* («Стихи князю Куракину»), St. Petersburg 1802; re-published in П. А. Дружинин, *Неизвестные письма русских писателей князю Александру Борисовичу Куракину (1752--1818)*, Москва 2002 (P. A
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# Burkhard Beins
**Burkhard Beins** (born 1964 in Lower Saxony, West Germany) is a German composer/performer who works with percussion, selected objects and electronics.
Living in Berlin since 1995, Beins is active in experimental music and electroacoustic improvisation.
Since the late 1980s he has appeared on international festivals, concerts and tours throughout Europe and overseas. He is a member of several ensembles including Perlonex, Activity Center, Polwechsel, Trio Sowari, Phosphor, The Sealed Knot and BBB. He also works with Keith Rowe, Sven-Åke Johansson, John Tilbury, Charlemagne Palestine and many others. At the same time, he is active in the area of sound installation.
He has released more than 30 CDs and LPs on labels including 2:13 Music, Zarek, Erstwhile Records, Hat Hut, Potlatch, Mikroton Recordings, Absinth and Confront. His first solo CD, *Disco Prova*, was released in 2007, followed by *Structural Drift*, both combining field recordings, percussion material and electronic devices with digital multitracking.
## Selected discography {#selected_discography}
- Nunc (2:13 Music CD oo2, 1996)
- Yarbles (Hatology 510, CD 1997)
- Activity Center: Möwen & Moos (2:13 Music CD oo8/oo9, 1999, limited edition)
- Burkhard Beins/John Bisset: Chapel (2:13 Music CD o12, 2001)
- Burkhard Beins/Keith Rowe: Grain (CD, Zarek 06, 2001)
- Perlonex: Peripherique (CD, Zarek 07, 2001)
- Phosphor (Potlatch P501 CD, 2002)
- Burkhard Beins/Andrea Neumann: Lidingö (Erstwhile CD o26, 2002)
- The Sealed Knot: Surface/Plane (Meniscus CD o12, 2003)
- Beins/Johansson: Santa Fé (\...im Raumschiff Zitrone Berlin) (LP, Eventuell 02, 2003)
- Beins/Marwedel/Vorfeld: Misiiki (Rossbin CD o13, 2003)
- Berlin Drums - 4 Solos: Beins/Buck/Heather/Schaefer (4 x 3\" CDR, Absinth, 2004)
- The Sealed Knot: Unwanted Object (Confront Collectors Series 1, CD 2004)
- Keith Rowe/Burkhard Beins: Live at Amplify (ErstLive oo1, CD 2004)
- Activity Center & Phil Minton (Absinth Records, CD 2005)
- Trio Sowari: Three Dances (Potlatch CD 105, 2005)
- Baghdassarians/Baltschun/Beins (Absinth Records, CD 2006)
- Polwechsel: Archives of the North (Hat Hut, CD 2006)
- Perlonex. Tensions w/Keith Rowe + Charlemagne Palestine (Nexsound 2CD, 2006)
- Burkhard Beins: Disco Prova (Absinth, CD 2007)
- Trio Sowari: shortcut (Potlatch, CD 2008)
- Perlonex & Charlemagne Palestine: It Ain\'t Necessarily So (Zarek 2CD, 2009)
- Polwechsel & John Tilbury: Field (Hat Hut, CD 2009)
- Phosphor II (Potlatch CD, 2009)
- Burkhard Beins: Structural Drift (Künstlerhäuser Worpswede CD, 2009)
- Beins, Capece, Davies, Nakamura: SLW (Org
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# Adidas Stan Smith
**Adidas Stan Smith** is a tennis shoe made by Adidas, and first launched in 1965. Originally named \"Adidas Robert Haillet\" after the brand endorsed French prominent player Robert Haillet, in 1978 the sneakers were renamed after Stan Smith, an American tennis player who was active between the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1980s.
The shoe, usually made with a white leather upper and laces, has a simple design. Unlike most Adidas shoes, it does not have the external three stripes. Instead there are three rows of perforations (or punched ventilation holes) on both sides of each shoe\'s leather upper. There is sometimes a sketched picture of Stan Smith on the tongue of the shoe. In some sense, the Adidas branding is minimal on the shoe. The design and form of the shoe has basically stayed the same since it was introduced, but several new versions and colorways have appeared during the years.
## History
### Origins
In 1963, the first Adidas tennis shoe was produced, which was the first ever leather tennis shoe and marked the beginning of a long line of classic Adidas shoes. The upper part of the shoe is made of white leather, whereas the pimpled outer sole is made of rubber. The inner sole is made of synthetic material. It was Horst Dassler, the son of Adolf \"Adi\" Dassler -- the founder of Adidas, who had the idea of the first leather tennis shoe. The Adidas Stan Smith originally was manufactured in Landersheim in north-eastern France. In 1965, this tennis shoe model was named the adidas Robert Haillet after the French tennis professional Robert Haillet. When Haillet retired from tennis, Adidas and Horst Dassler decided to find another tennis player that could endorse the tennis shoe model. Donald Dell, an American tennis manager, suggested Stan Smith, who took the offer in order to obtain royalties for the use of his name. For Adidas, the shoe became a market opener in the United States. In 1967, a green foam padding was added at the back of the shoe for achilles tendon protection.
### Stan Smith {#stan_smith}
In 1973, Stan Smith signed a contract with Adidas. According to *Sneaker Report*, this contract is on 13th place of the 50 most influential sneaker sponsorships in sports history. Adidas could not decide at first if the model should still be called Robert Haillet or if it should be renamed to Stan Smith, so for several years (1973--1978) the shoe was produced with a tongue that had Stan Smith\'s portrait and the word Haillet written above it. In 1978, the word \"Haillet\" was removed from the tongue, and the shoe was endorsed by Stan Smith and officially renamed the Adidas Stan Smith.
### 1980s to 2000s {#s_to_2000s}
By 1988, about 22 million pairs of adidas Stan Smith shoes had been sold, and the shoe was listed in Guinness World Records. By 1994, the number of pairs sold had increased to 23.7 million.
At the turn of the 21st century, Adidas re-issued a new version of the shoe -- Adidas Stan Smith II. In 2008, a replica of the original Adidas Stan Smith was released in the Adidas Originals line and was named Adidas Stan Smith 80s. In total, the Adidas Stan Smith has sold over 30 million pairs worldwide since 1971.
During a 17 November 2009 interview that aired on *The Tony Kornheiser Show*, former tennis pro and sports agent Donald Dell said the original Stan Smith green-tab shoe has been in production since 1972, and generated more than US\$65 million in revenue in 2008. Dell added during the same interview that the shoe is now available in eight versions, and the model is the biggest-selling tennis shoe ever.
### 2010s
*Complex Sneakers* placed the Stan Smith at number 4 in its list of the 50 greatest tennis sneakers of all time, with the Robert Haillet model in 36th place. *ShortList Magazine* listed it among the 10 greatest sneakers made. Neal Heard, author of the sneaker cultural history *Trainers*, placed it 6th in his list of the top 10 sneakers of all time.
Despite its enormous success, Adidas briefly stopped production of the shoe in 2011. It was put back into production in 2014.
### Timeline of the development {#timeline_of_the_development}
- 1963--1964: Not marked as Haillet, no green foam padding, no logo on the tongue
- 1965--1966: Marked as Haillet, no green foam padding, no logo on the tongue
- 1967--1973: Marked as Haillet, green foam padding, no logo on the tongue
- 1974--1977:
1. Marked as Haillet, green foam padding, Adidas trefoil logo on the tongue
2. Marked as Haillet, green foam padding, Stan Smith\'s portrait and signature on the tongue
3. Marked as Haillet, shape and material of the green foam padding changed and the Adidas trefoil logo and the text Stan Smith, Stan Smith\'s portrait and signature on the tongue
- 1978--early 1980s: Marked as Stan Smith, green foam padding with the Adidas trefoil logo and the text Stan Smith, Stan Smith\'s portrait and signature on the tongue
- Early 1980s--present: Marked as Stan Smith, green foam padding with the Adidas trefoil logo and the text Stan Smith, a new logo with Stan Smith\'s portrait (without one of his trademarks -- his moustache) and signature on the tongue. 1980s versions had long cylinders (about 10mm) in the sole: worning, it became thinner, warping here and there; newer versions have shorter cylinders (about 2mm), then worning sole become flat and breaks.
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# Adidas Stan Smith
## Versions
There are several different versions of the Adidas Stan Smith. Most commonly, they are white with grass-green heel. but there are also other colorings. Since the mid-1990s, some versions come with velcro straps instead of laces.
### Most common versions {#most_common_versions}
- Adidas Stan Smith: This is the classic version of the Adidas Stan Smith. This version has a thin tongue with Stan Smith\'s sketched portrait and his signature, the back of the shoes has a (normally grass-green) part with the Adidas trefoil logo and the text Stan Smith under the logo, and the inner sole has a printed pattern consisting of the text Adidas and the trefoil logo. In addition, the inner of the shoes is unlined. Note that the original model version numbers of the Adidas Stan Smith were FAF1028 (or just AF1028) for grass-green and AF1365 for blue, where the digit 1 indicated that it was made in France. Later numbers were 032853 and 034685.\
M20324 (white/green), M20325 (white/blue), M20326 (white/red): skin upper and lining; OrthoLite® insole.
- Adidas Stan Smith II: This version has a thick tongue without Stan Smith\'s portrait and signature. Instead there is a part of fabric with the text Adidas Stan Smith. At the back of the shoes there is only the Adidas trefoil logo. The inner sole is white with a single print of the word Adidas and the Adidas trefoil logo. The inner of this version is lined. Some of the model version numbers were G17079, G17076, G17077, G10778, G10780, and G10781.
- Adidas Stan Smith 80s: This version is a replica of the version Adidas Stan Smith. However, it has an oldschool or retro touch. Compared with the original version, this version (912305) has a yellowed outer sole, yellowish laces, the leather upper of the shoes is not pure white (known as neowhite), and the color of the heel parts is called fairway green. Note that this version also exists in at least two other colorings: white/navy-blue (G01976) and nubuck black with white outer soles (G01965).
### Less common versions {#less_common_versions}
- Adidas Stan Smith Millennium (659910, 073158): This is an updated version of the classic Adidas Stan Smith, which has the same three perforation \"stripes\", but has the new Adidas logo instead of the Adidas trefoil logo. In addition, the outer sole is thicker and the tongue is thick as on the Stan Smith II. It comes in white and navy blue, but the classic coloring of white and green also exists. The shoe has a lightweight design.
- Adidas Stan Smith I LG (670461, 670460, 385855): This version is the same as the original, except that the words Stan Smith are printed on the side of the leather upper.
- Adidas Stan Smith Supreme (519514, 519516, 552286, 552288)
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# Adidas Stan Smith
## For tennis {#for_tennis}
Today, the Adidas Stan Smith is not recommended for tennis players, but the shoe continues to be an iconic and stylish model for sneaker fans in general and for old school and retro tennis shoe fans in particular. To non-tennis fans, Stan Smith is probably better known for the shoe than for his past career as a tennis player.
## Sneaker collectors {#sneaker_collectors}
For some sneaker collectors, the most sought-after vintage Adidas Stan Smith are the early versions of the shoe. The ones made in France are considered to be highly valuable.
## Sneaker art {#sneaker_art}
For some time, people have been drawing or painting on their sneakers using ink, markers or spray cans. Young people have made this kind of art with various motifs ranging from simple drawings to more complex graffiti paintings. Probably due to its often white color, the Adidas Stan Smith has been used as an object for sneaker art. For example, many artists and design studios hand-paint Stan Smith sneakers and sell them as art.
In fact, in 1983, Adidas launched the concept of Adicolor, where sneakers were sold along with the tools to customize them. The Adicolor sneakers are all white sneakers specifically created for the Adicolor concept. In 2005, Adidas re-launched Adicolor as a replica of the original from 1983. There have been some Adicolor versions of the Stan Smith. The Sport Goofy, Kermit the Frog, Miss Piggy, Mr Happy, Trimm Dich, Comfort Betty Boop, Comfort Tron, and Velcro Pack versions of the shoe also belong to the Adicolor series. Besides painting, other sneaker art has been performed with the Adidas Stan Smith. In 2008, Adidas Originals started a collaboration with American fashion designer Jeremy Scott. He has designed a couple of different versions of the Stan Smith such as JS Bowling and JS Slim Glow in the Dark
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# Røra Station
**Røra Station** (*Røra stasjon*) is a railway station located in the village of Røra in Inderøy Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The station is located along the Nordlandsbanen railway line. It serves the entire municipality of Inderøy, though there is no corresponding bus service. The station is only served by the Trøndelag Commuter Rail service that goes between Steinkjer and Trondheim.
## History
The station was built as part of the Hell--Sunnan Line. It opened on 15 November 1905 along with the rest of the line north of Verdal. Originally the station was named *Salberg*, but it was renamed Røra on 1 August 1918. The station cost `{{NOK|51,130}}`{=mediawiki}. As one of only two stations on the Hell--Sunnanbanen line, it was not custom designed, but is a standard design. In 1977, the signaling system was automated and remote controlled. The station has been completely unstaffed since 2003.
At the time of construction the only settlement at Røra was located at Hylla, along the coast. But the site chosen for its location near the Salberg Church. Since then, the Hellemshaugen housing development, a grocery store, a school, and other public facilities have been built near the station, making it a very urban area
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# Brand Partners
**Brand Partners**, formerly **UKI Partnerships**, is a partnership company and underwriters owned by the Direct Line Group.
It underwrites and administers policies for several different general insurance brands including RBS, Coutts, Lloyds TSB, Ulster Bank, Isle of Man Bank, Egg. It also administers products underwritten by other underwriters and has partnerships with many well known motor manufacturers such as BMW, Vauxhall, Peugeot.
In 2003, UKI was judged best in \"customer service strategy\" by Institute of Financial Services (IFS)
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# Behold the Beginning
***Behold the Beginning*** is a compilation album by the heavy metal band Diamond Head. It was released after their poorly received *Canterbury* album and subsequent break-up and is composed mostly of tracks from the band\'s first album, *Lightning to the Nations*, as well as the non-LP single \"Waited Too Long\" and its B-side \"Play It Loud\". The album was remixed by the band\'s guitarist, Brian Tatler.
*Behold the Beginning* was re-released in 1991 by Heavy Metal Records in CD format
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# Azerbaijani National Council
**Azerbaijani National Council** (*Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti Milli Şurası*) was the first delegated legislative body of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) from 27 May 1918 to 17 June 1918 and again from 16 November 1918 to 3 December 1918. It was succeeded by the *Parliament* (*Parlament*), a legislative body formed through nationwide general elections.
## Background
After the February Revolution like many ethnic minorities of the shrinking Russian Empire, Azeris also began to form movements aimed at political autonomy from Russia. In the provinces and districts where Azeris constituted considerable population local Muslim National Councils (MNC) were formed. On March 27, 1917, delegates of MNCs gathered to establish the Temporary Executive Committee for the MNCs. Mammad Hasan Hajinski became head of this committee, which also included Mahammad Amin Rasulzade, Alimardan bey Topchubashev, Fatali Khan Khoyski, and other founders of the future Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. After the October Revolution the South Caucasus was separated from mainland Russia, hence the Transcaucasian Sejm formed in Tbilisi proclaimed independence of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. Azerbaijanis formed the largest faction of the same numbering 44 members, and headed by Mammed Amin Rasulzade. These 44 members represented four different political parties and blocks: Musavat and neutral Democrats; the Muslim Socialist Bloc; Ittihad-i Muslimin (or simply Ittihad; Union of Muslims of Russia); and the Muslim Social Democratic Party.
## Formation
When the 31 March--2 April massacres took place in Baku, the Temporary Executive Committee was crushed, its factual leader Alimardan bey Topchubashev was arrested, and the Azeri intelligentsia was driven out of Baku, Tbilisi became the headquarters of the Azerbaijani National Movement. After the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic fell on 26 May 1918 and its bodies were dissolved, the Azerbaijani faction of the Sejm was renamed to Azerbaijani National Council (NC). It immediately undertook parliamentary functions and proclaimed the foundation of Azerbaijani Democratic Republic on 28 May 1918. On 16 June the Azerbaijani National Council moved to Ganja and declared it Azerbaijan\'s temporary capital awaiting the fall of the Baku Commune. The Council met with resistance of ultra-nationalists who accused it of being too left-wing; and intolerance of Ottoman Commander Nuru Pasha. It had to be abolished the next day, leaving all power to the Council of Ministers led by Fatali Khan Khoyski.
## Second Convocation {#second_convocation}
After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and the withdrawal of Ottoman forces from Azerbaijan, the power of the ultra-nationalists once backed by Nuru Pasha weakened. This allowed for the Azerbaijani National Council to be re-established and start negotiations with the British occupation forces. The Council was completely abolished after the opening of the ***Parlaman*** on 7 December 1918. The Parliament of ADR included the representatives of majority Azerbaijani parties as well as MPs from Armenian, Russian, Jewish, German and Polish minorities of Azerbaijan and representatives of trade unions
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# Strange Frontier
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{{Album chart|Germany4|53|artist=Roger Taylor|album=Strange Frontier|id=32103|rowheader=true|accessdate=May 27, 2025}}
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# Radio Sessions (Curve album)
***Radio Sessions*** is a compilation album of recordings made by the British band Curve during their two sessions for John Peel\'s show on the UK broadcasting station Radio 1.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Ten Little Girls\" -- 4:42
2. \"No Escape From Heaven\" -- 4:47
3. \"The Colour Hurts\" -- 3:48
4. \"Coast is Clear\" -- 4:14
5. \"Die Like a Dog\" -- 4:35
6. \"Horror Head\" -- 3:30
7. \"Arms Out\" -- 4:46
8. \"Split into Fractions\" -- 4:47
Tracks 1 to 4 were recorded on 10 March 1991, broadcast on 30 March 1991, and produced by Dale Griffin. Tracks 5 to 8 were recorded on 11 February 1992, broadcast on 23 February 1992, and produced by Mike Robinson
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# Henry Bate of Mechelen
**Henry Bate** or **Hendrik Baten** (**of Mechelen** or **of Malines**) a.k.a. **Henricus Batenus** (**Mechliniensis**) (24 March 1246 in Mechelen -- after 1310 in Tongerloo) was a Brabantian philosopher, theologian, astronomer, astrologer, poet, and musician.
He was Master of Arts of the University of Paris before 1274. He was a pupil of Thomas Aquinas, he became a canon and cantor of the Cathedral of Saint-Lambert, Liège before 1289.
As astronomer, he made astrolabes, and wrote *Magistralis compositio astrolabii*, dedicated to his friend William of Moerbeke. He drew up astronomical tables: the *Tabule Mechlinenses*, from around 1285--1295, and a 1290 work, *De erroribus tabularum Alphonsi*, which pointed out errors in the Alfonsine tables. While in Rome in 1292, he wrote commentaries on the astrological works of Abraham ibn Ezra and Albumasar.
He became tutor to Guy de Hainaut, brother of Count Jean d\'Avesnes, for whom he wrote, between 1285 and 1305, a *Speculum divinorum et quorundam naturalium* (On the Unity of Natural).
Around 1309, he retired with the Premonstratensians of Tongerloo, where he ended his days
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# Canhoteiro
**José Ribamar de Oliveira**, best known as **Canhoteiro** (24 September 1932`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}16 August 1974) was a Brazilian footballer, who played most notably for São Paulo FC. Canhoteiro means essentially \"left footed.\"
Canhoteiro was regarded as one of Brazil\'s greatest dribblers of his generation. and played during a time of exceptional talent in that country. He had epic games against Pelé of Santos FC, one in particular in 1958, played under heavy rain at Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}the game ended tied at two goals each, with Pelé and Canhoteiro scoring both goals for each of their clubs. Canhoteiro died pennyless and an alcoholic, the fate of many a footballer in the early years of the game.
One of his nicknames was \"the Garrincha of the left\"
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# Sir John McEwen, 1st Baronet
**Sir John Helias Finnie McEwen, 1st Baronet** (21 June 1894 -- 19 April 1962), also known as **Jock McEwen**, was a British Unionist politician who served in the House of Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament for Berwick and Haddington from the 1931 to 1945 general elections.
## Early life {#early_life}
Sir John McEwen was the son of Robert Finnie McEwen (born 1861) of Marchmont, Berwickshire, and Bardrochat, F.S.A.Scot., Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for Berwickshire, by Mary Frances, daughter of R. H. D. Dundas. His sister, Katherine Isobel McEwen, married Roger Lumley, 11th Earl of Scarbrough, on 12 July 1922 at St Margaret\'s, Westminster, and had five children with him.
He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge.
## Career
During the First World War, he served in the Cameron Highlanders, being promoted captain in 1915. He transferred to the Royal Army Flying Corps and was later a prisoner of war. After the war, he joined the Diplomatic Service, and in 1920, was 3rd Secretary; 2nd Secretary in 1925, serving in the London Foreign Office, Athens and Rome.
In the 1929 general election, he contested the seat of Berwick-upon-Tweed and Haddington for the Unionist Party, but failed. However, two years later he was elected to the House of Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Berwick and Haddington at the 1931 general election, and held the seat until the 1945 general election, when he was defeated.
McEwen served under Neville Chamberlain as Assistant Government Whip (1938--39), Under-Secretary of State for Scotland (1939 to 1940), and under Winston Churchill as a Lord of the Treasury (1942 to 1944). He was Chairman of the Conservative Members\' Committee in the House of Commons (December 1944 -- June 1945).
### Baronetcy
In 1953, he was created a baronet by the Queen, of Marchmont in the County of Berwick and Bardrochat in the County of Ayr. Upon his death in 1962, his title passed to his eldest son, Sir James. Upon Sir James\' death in 1971, his title passed to his brother and Sir John\'s second son, Sir Robert, as Sir James had three daughters, but no sons. The current holder of the title is his grandson, Sir John Roderick Hugh McEwen, 5th Baronet (born 1965).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 1923, McEwen married Brigid Mary Lindley (d. 1971), daughter of Sir Francis Oswald Lindley (1872--1950), the British diplomat, and granddaughter of botanist and illustrator John Lindley, who in 1840 was instrumental in saving The Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew from destruction. The raised their family at Marchmont House on the east side of the small town of Greenlaw, Scotland. Together they had seven children, including:
- Sir James Napier Finnie McEwen of Marchmont and Bardrochat, 2nd Bt. (1924--1971), who married Clare Rosemary Sandars (1934--2007)
- Sir Robert Lindley McEwen of Marchmont and Bardrochat, 3rd Bt. (1926--1980), who married Brigid Cecilia Laver, daughter of James Laver and Veronica Turleigh
- Christian Mary McEwen (1929--2006), who married Frederick Fermor-Hesketh, 2nd Baron Hesketh (1916--1955).
- Roderick McEwen (1932--1982), a folk singer who married Romana von Hofmannsthal (1935--2014), daughter of Ava Alice Muriel Astor and her second husband, Raimund von Hofmannsthal.
- Alexander Dundas McEwen (1935--2008), a musician who married Cecilia Gräfin von Weikersheim
- David Fraser McEwen (1938--1976)
- John Sebastian McEwen (b. 1942)
He died in April 1962, aged 67, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son James
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# Mini-Moni Hinamatsuri! / Mini Strawberry Pie
is the fourth single of the Morning Musume subgroup Minimoni. It was released on January 30, 2002, and sold 325,440 copies, reaching number two on the Oricon Charts.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All songs written and composed by Tsunku.
1.
2.
3.
4
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# Marcus Schmickler
**Marcus Schmickler** (born November 15, 1968, in Cologne) is a German composer, musician, and producer. His music was also published under the **Pluramon** moniker.
## Background
Schmickler merges computer music, ensemble composition, performance and scientific subjects. His multi-channel works have been performed internationally, creating unique auditory spaces. He explores techniques like Shepard tones and ring modulations, deepening his compositions through data sonification and otoacoustic emissions.
In 1991, after spending a year in London, he started studying musicology at Cologne University and electronic music and composition Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln with H.U. Humpert and Johannes Fritsch. The same year he became a member of the seminal collective Kontakta. 1992 his first solo release appeared with the French label Odd Size. In 1995, he was co-initiator of the DJ collective Brüsseler-Platz-10a-Musik, together with Georg Odijk and Jan St. Werner, associated with the A-Musik record store and label.
Since 1995 he works as a composer, for film theater and radio play. In 1996 he released one of the first fully digitally produced post-rock albums under the pseudonym **Pluramon** on the German label Mille Plateaux. In 1998, he became a member of the 12-piece electro-acoustic ensemble MIMEO (Music in Movement Electronic Orchestra). In 1999, he completed his diploma in electronic music with Hans Ulrich Humpert and the composition with Johannes Fritsch with a thesis on Gottfried Michael Koenig.
In 2000 he published jointly with Thomas Lehn the CD *Bart*, which was reviewed to be one of the most impressive synth-improv performances ever. In September 2001 he recorded the Pluramon album *Dreams Top Rock* with American singer Julee Cruise and went on an extended tour through South America on the initiative of Goethe-Institut in 2003. Since 2004 he has been working on theater projects, with Felix Ensslin. He created numerous works of electronic music, and compositions for choir, chamber ensemble, and orchestra. In 2009 he composed *Bonn Patternizationon* on behalf of the International Year of Astronomy 2009 and the German Music Council, a sonification with projections based on astrophysical data. Since 2015, Schmickler has worked as faculty at Bard College in Annandale-On-Hudson, at California Institute of the Arts in Los Angeles County, at Robert-Schumann Hochschule [Institute For Music and Media](https://web.archive.org/web/20160310074055/http://musikundmedien.net/en/) in Düsseldorf and at Institut für Elektronische Musik und Akustik (IEM) der Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Graz. In 2016 he collaborated with Gerhard Richter and Corinna Belz and Ensemble Musikfabrik on *Richters Patterns*, a chamber-music concerto with film based on a painting by Richter. In 2022 he premiered *Entwurf einer Rheinlandschaft*, a large scale, long-distance performance for 60 musicians across the Rhine.
Marcus Schmickler has received prizes and scholarships, including the Rome Prize of the German Academy Villa Massimo, Ars Electronica, from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and curated festival programs in the Academy of Arts, Berlin and the ZKM. He was a longtime member of the jury of the Deutscher Musikrat (German Music Council, a member of the International Music Council). As an author, he wrote articles on various topics of electronic music.
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# Marcus Schmickler
## Partial discography {#partial_discography}
- **Solo**
- *Bonner Durchmusterung*, etat, 2024
- *Sky Dice / Mapping the Studio*, editions Mego, 2021
- *Richters Patterns*, Tochnit Aleph, 2020
- *Particle/Matter-Wave/Energy*, Kompakt, 2019
- *Rule of Inference*, a-Musik, 2011
- *Bari Workshop*, Presto?!, 2011
- *Palace of Marvels \[queered pitch\]*, Editions Mego, 2010
- *Altars of Science*, Editions Mego, 2007
- *DEMOS for Choir*, a-Musik, 2005
- *Param*, a-Musik, 2001
- *Sator Rotas*, a-Musik, 1999
- *Wabi Sabi*, a-Musik, 1996
- *Onea Gako*, Odd Size, 1993
- **As Pluramon**
- *The Monstrous Surplus*, Karaoke Kalk, 2007
- *Dreams Top Rock*, Karaoke Kalk, 2003
- *Bitsand Riders*, Mille Plateaux, 2000
- *Render Bandits*, Mille Plateaux, 1998
- *Pickup Canyon*, Mille Plateaux, 1996
- **With MIMEO**
- *Wigry*, Bolt Records, 2011
- *Sight*, Cathnor, 2008
- *Lifting Concrete Lightly*, Serpentine Gallery, 2004
- *The Hands of Caravaggio*, Erstwhile Records, 2001
- *Electric Table & Chair*, Grob, 2000
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- **Collaborations**
- Marcus Schmickler/Jaki Liebezeit / Hayden Chisholm \"Timekeepers II\", a-Musik, 2023
- Marcus Schmicker/Thomas Lehn \"Neue Bilder\", Mikroton Recordings, 2017
- Marcus Schmickler John Tilbury \"Timekeepers\", A-Musik, 2015
- Marcus Schmickler Julian Rohrhuber \"Politiken der Frequenz\", Tochnit Aleph / Editions Mego, 2014
- Marcus Schmickler/Thomas Lehn *Live Double Séance \[Antaa Kalojen Uida\]*, Editions Mego, 2011
- R/S *USA*, Pan, 2011
- Schmickler/Gratkowski/Nabatov *Deployment*, Leo Records, 2010
- Marcus Schmickler/Thomas Lehn *Navigation im Hypertext*, a-Musik, 2008
- Marcus Schmickler/Thomas Lehn *Kölner Kranz*, a-Musik, 2008
- R/S One*(snow mud rain)*, Erstwhile Records, 2007
- Marcus Schmickler with Hayden Chisholm *Amazing Daze*, Häpna, 2007
- Marc Ushmi *Doshhammer Mixes* (without Label), 2007
- Claudio Bohorquez, *Solo and Accompaniment*, Aulos, 2006
- Marcus Schmickler/John Tilbury *Variety*, a-Musik, 2005
- Schmickler/Lehn/Rowe/Nakamura *Untitled*, Erstwhile Records, 2004
- Schmickler/Lehn *Amplify Balance* 7 CD Box, Erstwhile Records, 2004
- Marcus Schmickler/Thomas Lehn / Keith Rowe *Rabbit Run*, Erstwhile Records, 2003
- Marc Ushmi meets Reverend Galloway *Mein Kopf verlor ein Dach*, Whatness, 2003
- *Soundcultures*, Suhrkamp, 2003
- Marc Ushmi/Thomas Brinkmann *Chevrolet Corvette* Max Ernst, 2001
- Marcus Schmickler/Thomas Lehn *Bart*, Erstwhile Records, 2000
- *2:3 Oswald Wiener zum 65
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# Project Artemis
**Project Artemis** was a United States Navy acoustics research and development experiment from the late 1950s into the mid 1960s to test a potential low-frequency active sonar system for ocean surveillance. The at sea testing began in 1960 after research and development in the late 1950s. The project\'s test requirement was to prove detection of a submerged submarine at 500 nmi. The experiment, covering a number of years, involved a large active element and a massive receiver array.
The receiving array was a field of modules forming a three dimensional array laid from 1961 to 1963 on the slopes of a seamount, the Plantagenet Bank (31.983333 -65.183333), off Bermuda. The modules, attached to ten lines of cable, were 57 ft masts with floats on top to keep them upright. Each module mounted sets of hydrophones. The receiving array terminated at Argus Island, built on the seamount\'s top, with data processed at the laboratory that was also constructed for the project. The laboratory was then the Bermuda Research Detachment of the Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory.
The active source array was to be suspended at 1000 m to 1050 m from the former tanker `{{ship|USNS|Mission Capistrano||2}}`{=mediawiki}. The 1440-element active array had a one megawatt acoustic output (180 dB) with a center frequency of 400 Hz.
Though Artemis failed the final test and resulted in no operational system, it set the agenda for research in ocean acoustics and engineering such systems for the future.
## Background
World War II experience prompted the U.S. Navy to examine the threat of Soviet submarines which had been improved by captured German technology. As a result of the threat being considered high risk sonic detection became a top priority. The Navy approached the National Science Foundation\'s Committee for Undersea Warfare for advice. Following the recommendations the Navy established a study under Massachusetts Institute of Technology auspices designated Project Hartwell which in 1950 recommended development of a long range passive acoustic detection system. By 13 November 1950 a letter contract had been issued to Western Electric to develop the bottom array system exploiting low frequencies. A test array was laid in the Bahamas off Eleuthera and upon successful tests with a U.S. submarine an order for six such systems was issued in 1952. The Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS), its name and purpose classified, was given the unclassified name Project Caesar to cover its development and maintenance. In 1956, as the last of the Atlantic SOSUS systems were being installed, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Arleigh Burke convened a summer study similar to the Hartwell study designated the Nobska Study coordinated by the Committee on Undersea Warfare. Admiral Burke was particularly concerned with the threat of Soviet nuclear submarines in light of the capabilities of the nuclear submarine `{{ship|USS|Nautilus|SSN-571|2}}`{=mediawiki} had been demonstrated.
Much of the study focused on undersea warfare and the need for nuclear anti-submarine submarines but also, in looking at SOSUS, recommended research and development of potential long range, active sonar systems. It also focused on the need to understand the ocean environment. A particular area of investigation was whether an active system could be developed with the power and directivity to exploit ocean zones the passive system being installed might not. With respect to the Navy active sonar project designated Artemis, to run from 1958 to 1963, an understanding of the ocean environment was vital. If the project was to succeed the full efforts of every ocean scientist, technician and laboratory on the Atlantic coast was likely required yet there were only six to seven hundred such people that were qualified. The need to meet that requirement and long term antisubmarine needs of the Navy drove large increases in academic and research budgets for oceanography.
As Project Artemis was undergoing tests in the early 1960s SOSUS tracked the first U.S. ballistic missile submarine `{{ship|USS|George Washington|SSBN-598|2}}`{=mediawiki} across the Atlantic in 1961. In June 1962 SOSUS made the first detection and classification of a Soviet diesel submarine, and during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October tracked Soviet Foxtrot-class submarine with correlated sighting by aircraft. On 6 July 1962 the SOSUS array terminating at Barbados demonstrated detection range by identifying a Soviet nuclear submarine transiting off Norway.
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# Project Artemis
## Project overview {#project_overview}
A commercial contractor had proposed a long range, active sonar surveillance system to the Navy but a review by Hudson Laboratories showed there were flaws in the basic numbers upon which the proposal looked feasible. Frederick V. (Ted) Hunt of Harvard had proposed that a goal should be a scan of \"an ocean an hour\" that was based on the sound speed in seawater so that 3600 seconds equals 3600 miles so that round trip travel time would allow surveillance of an entire ocean from mid ocean. Though the consensus was that contractor\'s proposed system would not work as conceived there were possibilities something in the field of active sonar could work to meet Hunt\'s concept. Artemis, Greek goddess of the hunt, was given to the project as a name for that relationship, making it unusual in not being a code word or acronym. Project Artemis experimental and system development effort\'s goal was to define requirements for a long range, low frequency, active, sonar capable of detecting a submerged submarine at about 500 nmi. The concept was a possible undersea equivalent of the Arctic Distant Early Warning (DEW) radar system. A secondary objective was to define the techniques and problems in fixing such arrays in fixed bottom locations for an operational system.
Artemis involved nearly the entire national acoustics community at the time. A Bell Telephone Laboratories (BTL) representative initially reviewed plans with a research committee established to continue review of plans and progress. Hudson Laboratories, directed by Dr. Robert Frosch, had been established by the Office of Naval Research to balance Navy laboratories with interests in systems. Hudson Laboratories was the prime contractor for the project with Dr. Frosch as Chief Scientist of Project Artemis. He was followed by Dr. Alan Berman, the laboratory\'s Associate Director, as Hudson\'s Director and Chief Scientist of Project Artemis. The Artemis Research Committee chaired by BTL included members from the Marine Physical Laboratory of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Naval Ocean Systems Center, both based in San Diego, Naval Underwater Systems Center, Naval Research Laboratory, Hudson Labs, IBM and others oversaw and coordinated technical matters. Contractors ranged from Western Electric and General Electric companies to small study contracts to General Atronics Corporation.
The acoustic propagation paths as understood at the time, operating depths of submarines and ray tracing for sound velocity conditions as understood in the Atlantic determined that the sound source depth should be at 1000 m to 1050 m with a center frequency of 400 Hz. The transmitting array deployment evolved from a fixed bottom site, a deployment from an anchored or tethered ship with the final decision that it was to be deployed by the converted tanker *Mission Capistrano* which would be equipped with station keeping capability.
The 10,000 element, three dimensional, receiver array was composed of elements laid in a field as 210 modular masts in ten strings with an additional horizontal line on the slopes of Plantagenet Bank off Bermuda between 1961 and 1963. The Bermuda Research Detachment was established with a building on Tudor Hill adjacent to Naval Facility Bermuda and the Argus Island offshore tower was built for termination of Artemis receiver cables.
A test was made, after several years of development, with a submarine at the design range of 1,000 km and fitted with a transponder reacting to the active array\'s signal for reference. The Artemis system failed the test. Station keeping issues of the active array ship, degradation of the receiving system modules and poorly understood ocean acoustics were involved in the failure.
No operational system resulted from the effort but it defined the limitations of technology and understanding of underwater acoustics of the time. In particular understanding of scattering and reverberation was shown to be lacking. The Artemis receiving array was expected to demonstrate problems with multipath reflections but experienced considerable failure with floats upon which its configuration relied. Surveys by the submersible *Alvin* in 1966 and 1967 found multiple float failures with collapsed modules and other damage to standing modules.
The major technological limitation was found to be computing capability, particularly speed, that forced use of analog devices for beam steering and signal processing. Results in acoustics formed the basis for extensive ocean acoustics research going forward after the project\'s termination in the mid 1960s. The project successfully proved techniques for developing and deploying high powered, phased active hydrophone arrays.
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# Project Artemis
## Passive receiving array {#passive_receiving_array}
The receiving array, just as with the source, underwent significant changes from planning to the final test configuration. It was a three dimensional system of hydrophones laid by cable ships on the slope of the Plantagnet Bank seamount. The array cables terminated at Argus Island, the tower erected for the project on the bank. The tower passed the data to the laboratory built and staffed for the project at Tudor Hill, Bermuda.
### Undersea array {#undersea_array}
The passive receive array field consisted of ten parallel cables with 210 modules composed of 57 ft masts mounting hydrophones. The cables were laid down the slope of Plantagenet Bank in Bermuda. A 1961 array was to the north east of and parallel to array field string number one and a horizontal string, across the slope, was at right angles to the field at about 3000 ft. The receiving field was approximately on the sound channel axis laid between 2000 ft and 6000 ft.
The strings were laid on the side of the bank using the U.S. Navy large covered lighter *YFNB-12*, reconfigured with a long overhead boom to handle the masts. Each cable had special takeouts built into it at intervals from which wires to the hydrophones were connected. Each mast was clamped onto the special cable with takeouts. At the upper end of the approximately 4 in cable a wire rope was attached and led to an explosively embedded anchor shot into the flat coral top of Plantagenet Bank. Tension of more than 40,000 lb was applied to the wire rope and cable to lay it down the side of the bank in the straightest line possible. At one point all further construction ceased while a stopper was placed on the special cable because most of the connection to the wire rope had broken and the string was being held by a few strands of wire on the double drum winch on *YFNB-1*2. The *YFNB-12* was held in place with four Murray and Tregurtha Diesel outboard engines placed on the corners and capable of 360 degree rotation, developing tremendous thrust in any direction.
### Surface and shore components {#surface_and_shore_components}
The cables led to Argus Island tower(31.9498 -65.1775), located about 24 mi miles from Bermuda in 192 ft of water and erected in 1960, from which the signal was conducted to the Naval Underwater Systems Center\'s Tudor Hill Laboratory located at Tudor Hill, Southampton, Bermuda (32.265417 -64.878528). The tower and laboratory had first been connected by cable but was later connected by a microwave link. The laboratory had opened to support Project Artemis and Project Trident in 1961 as the Bermuda Research Detachment under the Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory. That facility was dedicated to acoustic, electromagnetic, environmental and ocean engineering research.
The laboratory was adjacent to Naval Facility Bermuda which was a classified operational Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) shore terminus. The Tudor Hill Laboratory continued in operation until 30 September 1990 and was the only Atlantic Navy laboratory with access to an operational SOSUS system for research. The facilities were transferred to the Naval Facility with the understanding that NUSC would be provided support should a research need arise.
After the project and facilities had been transferred in 1966 with a later transfer of responsibilities to the Naval Research Laboratory in 1969 the Argus Island tower underwent an extensive structural review and repair cost estimates. The acoustic program review also showed the tower at its useful end. As a result the tower was slated for removal. Before demolition the sea cables terminating in the tower were tagged for identification and cut. In May 1976 the tower was toppled by demolitions. The tower\'s demolition removed a major navigation aid for sport fisherman.
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# Project Artemis
## Active source array {#active_source_array}
The Artemis steering committee elected to produce a one megawatt acoustic output (120 dB) active source. On 12 May 1958 the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Advisory Group for High Power, Deep Under- water Sound Source met and issued a report on 17 July that resulted in a general specification by The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) issued on 9 September. Five companies responded with widely varying proposals. One conclusion from review of the proposals was the necessity of having a backup of a second transducer design.
A fixed bottom site at Eleuthera had been considered with surveys done seeking such a site but the site was changed to Plantagenet Bank which was too far from Bermuda to make power and system cables economical. The deployment, support and operation from a ship then became specified.
The problems of power, amplification, instrumentation and other support were engineering problems that were relatively easily managed. The transducers for the array itself and its handling systems required pushing the state-of-the-art into entirely new areas of research and development. Magnetostrictive and electromagnetic transducers were considered for the array itself with low power ceramic transducers to be used for the experimental use in developing the array. On 4 December 1958 Bendix Corporation was contracted through Hudson Laboratories to develop and produce a magnetostrictive transducer and on 28 August 1959 the first Massa transducer was delivered to NRL. Despite redesign the Bendix effort on the magnetostrictive transducer was unsuccessful, though the last model was retained as backup, and that effort was terminated on 8 June 1960 with replacement by Massa. The final design then settled on a large, 1440-transducer element \"billboard\" array of transducers.
Individual elements passed tests but demonstrated problems when assembled into modules and the array itself due to mutual interference. An element with slightly lower radiation resistance would absorb power from higher power elements and fail to be followed by the next lower power element in a cascading failure that particularly damaged elements away from the array\'s edges. The Naval Research Laboratory had both a theoretical study and an active experimental program seeking a solution. The experimental study involved modules of the elements in test configurations using the `{{ship|USS|Hunting||6}}`{=mediawiki} to help determine the final array configuration. Ultimately transducers were replaced by electromechanical elements termed \"shaker boxes\" to reduce those failures. The array could not attain full power due to nonuniform displacement across the face of array at higher power. The problem of inter element coupling and cascading failure was never fully solved.
The World War II tanker *Mission Capistrano* was selected and modified for deploying the array. The T2 tanker hull had sufficient space and structural integrity to allow installing array power and control systems and creating a large center well through which the array could be housed, lowered and operated. On 28 August 1958 specifications for conversion were completed with a contract for conversion with Avondale Marine Ways let on 7 January 1960. The ship engaged in array tests and was further modified until 3 November 1962 when the array was removed at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard and the ship released for other work until re-installation the next March.
The mutual element interference problems resulted in redesign and re engineering that continued past the Bermuda experimental period to the end of the formal Artemis experiments. For example the array was tested in the Northwest Providence Channel, Bahamas, from 19 July through 3 August 1964 after the array elements\' connections had been changed to all parallel rather than combined series-parallel connections to reduce the interference problems. The array was tested at frequencies from 350 to 500 cycles per second in steps. The array was then put through an endurance run at 350, 415, 430, and 450 cycles per second for two hours at power levels of 120, 200, 300 and 450 kilowatts. The maximum power could not be attained and element deflections continued to be a problem.
### Array description for original experiment {#array_description_for_original_experiment}
The source array was 54 ft high, 44.5 ft wide, and 22.5 ft thick at bottom. Combined with a support structure for the array itself the source assembly was 75.5 ft high with a weight of 690000 lb. The face of the array was tilted upward at eleven degrees so as to insonify the desired ocean layers from the 1200 ft operation depth finally selected. The transducer elements were cubes of 1 ft weighing 160 lb assembled in 72 element modules six elements wide by twelve elements high. Those modules were then assembled on the array in five module components stacked in four horizontal rows. The optimal center frequency of 400 Hz proved in tests to be optimized with the actual modules at approximately 385 Hz and 405 Hz.
The array assembly also had electrical equipment required to make the electrical connection between array transducers and the transmission cable and for measurement and control functions that were housed in tanks at the bottom of the array assembly. At the top of the structure were four hydrophones in three coordinate axes that provided array orientation relative to acoustic positioning hydrophones.
The array development and tests continued after the main experiment at Bermuda in an effort to resolve issues with high powered active sources.
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# Project Artemis
## Active source array {#active_source_array}
### Ship modifications {#ship_modifications}
Original plans envisioned a platform that could be capable of handling the source array as a mobile unit for tests and then both fix the array to the bottom and then provide power and control of the array when moored on Plantagenet Bank. The requirements included the capability to moor the ship above the fixed site, lower a foundation and affix it to the bottom using existing ocean drilling and cementing methods.
The most significant modification to *Mission Capistrano* was the system for operating the source array at the required depth of 1200 ft through a large center well. The well was 30 ft wide by 48 ft long with bottom closure when the array was raised by means of a rolling door on the long axis. The door was designed to prevent surging in the well while the ship was underway but did not seal the opening. In stowed position the array was held by supports with stabilizers to prevent motion of the array while stowed. When deployed the array was supported by 2.75 in wire rope attached to cable machinery located in forward holds running over winches located on deck fore and aft of the well and superstructure. The supporting cables and the electrical cables ran over special roller devices designed to dampen ship motion that would be transferred to the deployed array.
A number of power options, including nuclear, were considered early in the program. The array, as evolved for the main experiment, was powered by a gas turbine generating plant capable of producing three phase, 60 cycle current and rated at 8,000 kilowatts at 4160 volts located aft of the ship\'s array well. Controls protected the gas turbine from rapid load variance from 800 kw base to 8,000 full and to keep voltage variation at less than 2% and frequency variation at less than 1%. The ship\'s main propulsion turbine generator could also provide 6890 kilowatts at 3500 volts through a 3500/4160 Volt transformer. Forward of the array well was an amplifier room with the controls, switching mechanisms, transformers, instrumentation and electronic amplifiers to drive the transducers in the array. The gas turbine power plant was removed after construction of a fixed bottom site for the source array was eliminated and the element interaction issues forced reduced array power so that the ship\'s steam turbine provided sufficient power. All the modifications made for construction and installation of the array at a bottom site, drilling equipment, foundation construction support and the helicopter platform were removed.
For successful tests the position of the source array in relation to the receiving array had to be accurately known and maintained. The specified orientation of the source also had to be maintained. A deep ocean moor with the ship maintaining heading within the moor was originally planned. To maintain ship\'s heading within the moor a 500-shaft horsepower electric driven controllable reversible-pitch propeller was installed in a transverse tunnel located in the forward peak tank as far forward as possible. The manufacturer rated the system\'s static thrust at 13,200 pounds. A system with a minimum of 10,000 pounds thrust was determined from information based on smooth water operation of a 500 horsepower, 13,600 pounds thruster installed in the similar sized vessel *J.R. Sensibar*. That information indicated such a thruster could twist the ship and maintain heading in moderate weather within a few degrees of required heading. Tests at dockside showed the actual thruster installation could provide 11,250 pounds static thrust.
In actual use at sea in mild sea conditions the thruster could twist the ship at eighteen degrees per minute. In 15 knots wind, 6 ft swell with 5 ft waves the thruster could twist the ship to any heading and maintain that within one degree. The mooring system was used thirty-eight times over twenty-seven months but was not satisfactory. It was slow, cumbersome and anchors sometimes failed to hold. Assistance of tugs was found to be fairly successful but tugs were not always available. As a result the movement of the ship introduced doppler distortions that were unpredictable to the active array. A dynamic positioning system of eight large outboard engines and station keeping on a bottom fixed transducer was planned. The project was terminated before the advanced ship station keeping and positioning system was implemented.
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