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# Alejo Bay
**Alejo Bay** (1891 -- January 30, 1952) was a Mexican political leader.
## Early life {#early_life}
Bay was born in Álamos, Sonora. His father was Thomas Bay, an Irish-American and Confederate soldier from St. Louis, Missouri, that went to live in Alamos after The Union won the war.
## Political career {#political_career}
Don Alejo Bay figured during a long time in political and federal issues in the Mexican state of Sonora. Alejo Bay was two times federal deputy, senator of the republic, local deputy and governor of Sonora during the Constitutional period from 1923 to 1927. He was also the Secretary of Treasury during 1939, under the command of general Macias Valenzuela. He was good friends with President Álvaro Obregón. During 1920, as a senator, he joined a group that was led by generals Jose Gonzalo Escobar and Fausto Topete, against president Plutarco Elias Calles for betraying his comrade Alvaro Obregon which caused him to march in the desert for five years.
## Death
Alejo Bay died January 30, 1952, in Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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# José Baselga
**Josep Baselga i Torres**, known in Spanish as **José Baselga** (3 July 1959 -- 21 March 2021), was a Spanish medical oncologist and researcher focused on the development of novel molecular targeted agents, with a special emphasis in breast cancer. Through his career he was associated with the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Vall d\'Hebron Institute of Oncology, and the Massachusetts General Hospital in their hematology and oncology divisions. He led the development of the breast cancer treatment Herceptin, a monoclonal antibody, that targets the HER2 protein, which is impacted in aggressive breast cancers.
He served as Physician-in-Chief at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and was also the president of the American Association for Cancer Research.
## Early life {#early_life}
Baselga was born on 3 July 1959, in Barcelona in Spain. He received his M.D. and Ph.D. degrees from the Autonomous University of Barcelona in 1982. He completed a fellowship in Medical Oncology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, and subsequently stayed on as a faculty member of its Breast Medicine Service.
## Career
Baselga started his career with the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center where he worked with John Mendelsohn in studying the role of monoclonal antibodies in the targeting proteins associated with breast and lung cancers. He then returned to Spain, where he established the Vall d\'Hebron Institute of Oncology in Barcelona, within the Vall d\'Hebron University Hospital. He served as the chairman of the center from 1996 and 2010. During his time there, the institute emerged as a leading center of cancer research, therapies, and early stage clinical trials. Returning to the United States, he served at the Massachusetts General Hospital as the chief of its hematology and oncology divisions between 2010 and 2013. He then returned to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center to become its chief medical officer in 2013.
He was appointed physician-in-chief at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in 2012, and a professor of medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College in 2013. He held other leadership positions including serving as the president at the American Association for Cancer Research and was the editor of the *Cancer Discovery* medical journal.
Through his career he was noted for development of targeted cancer treatment capabilities. Specifically, he led the development of the breast cancer treatment Herceptin. The treatment is based on a monoclonal antibody that targets the HER2 protein, which is impacted in aggressive breast cancers. He led the early-stage clinical trial of the drug and led to findings that this targeted treatment along with chemotherapy could extend the lives of patients with HER2 positive breast cancers. He was involved in the clinical development of targeted drugs for cancer including cetuximab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab and lapatinib. His research focus extended to the study of drug resistance in some cancers. He also studied drugs that could target tumors stemming from the PI3K mutation.
He resigned from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in September 2018, after an exposé by *The New York Times* and the non-profit investigative journalism organization ProPublica, which called out that he had failed to report payments to the tune of millions of dollars from healthcare and drug companies in publications including *The* *New England Journal of Medicine* and *The Lancet*. The incident led to the center announcing a rehaul of their conflict of interest policies. *The New York Times* also reported that the non-profit hospital paid more than \$1.5 million in severance to Baselga in 2018 and 2019. Baselga also resigned from the boards of the drug company Bristol Myers Squibb and the radiation equipment firm Varian Medical Systems. He also resigned from his position as co-editor in chief of the journal *Cancer Discovery*.
Baselga was one of the principal investigators of the Stand Up to Cancer \"Dream Team\" for \"Targeting the PI3K Pathway in Women's Cancers\".
In January 2019, AstraZeneca announced that they had hired Baselga as head of research and development in oncology, where he worked until his death. During this time, he led the company\'s partnership with Japanese pharmaceutical company Daiichi Sankyo, to develop two cancer treatments in addition to building the company\'s cancer research capabilities.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Baselga was married to Silvia Garriga. The couple had four children and remained married for 30 years before Baselga\'s death. He died on 21 March 2021 due to complications related to Creutzfeldt--Jakob disease in his home of Cerdanya, province of Girona. He was aged 61.
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# José Baselga
## Honors and awards {#honors_and_awards}
- Young Investigator Award, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (1992--1993)
- Career Development Award, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (1994--1997)
- Elected Member, American Society for Clinical Investigation (2004)
- American Italian Cancer Foundation Prize for Scientific Excellence in Medicine (2007)
- American Association for Cancer Research--Rosenthal Family Foundation Award (2008)
- King Jaime I Award in Medical Research, Valencia, Spain (2008)
- Gold Medal, Queen Sofia Spanish Institute, New York (2010)
- Joseph B
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# Raumanga
**Raumanga** is a suburb of Whangārei in the Northland Region of New Zealand. It is the site of Northland Polytechnic\'s main campus.
## Demographics
Raumanga covers 4.50 km2 and had an estimated population of `{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Raumanga|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Tarewa|y}}|R}}|0}}`{=mediawiki} as of `{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}}`{=mediawiki} with a population density of `{{Decimals|({{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Raumanga|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Tarewa|y}}|R}})/4.50|0}}`{=mediawiki} people per km^2^.
Raumanga had a population of 5,370 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 78 people (1.5%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 918 people (20.6%) since the 2013 census. There were 2,715 males, 2,634 females and 18 people of other genders in 1,659 dwellings. 2.5% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. There were 1,428 people (26.6%) aged under 15 years, 1,185 (22.1%) aged 15 to 29, 2,214 (41.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 543 (10.1%) aged 65 or older.
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 51.1% European (Pākehā); 60.3% Māori; 9.6% Pasifika; 6.9% Asian; 0.8% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 0.9% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as \"New Zealander\". English was spoken by 95.8%, Māori language by 17.0%, Samoan by 0.4%, and other languages by 6.8%. No language could be spoken by 2.5% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.8%. The percentage of people born overseas was 12.3, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 28.9% Christian, 0.7% Hindu, 0.6% Islam, 7.8% Māori religious beliefs, 0.4% Buddhist, 0.6% New Age, 0.1% Jewish, and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 53.4%, and 6.9% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 318 (8.1%) people had a bachelor\'s or higher degree, 2,262 (57.4%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 1,284 (32.6%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. 111 people (2.8%) earned over \$100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,833 (46.5%) people were employed full-time, 429 (10.9%) were part-time, and 267 (6.8%) were unemployed.
+-------------+---------+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+----------+
| Name | Area\ | Population | Density\ | Dwellings | Median age | Median\ |
| | (km^2^) | | (per km^2^) | | | income |
+=============+=========+============+=============+===========+============+==========+
| Raumanga | 3.46 | 3,345 | 967 | 1,026 | 30.9 years | \$33,900 |
+-------------+---------+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+----------+
| Tarewa | 1.04 | 2,025 | 1,947 | 633 | 30.7 years | \$33,300 |
+-------------+---------+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+----------+
| New Zealand | | | | | 38.1 years | \$41,500 |
+-------------+---------+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+----------+
: Individual statistical areas
## Education
Manaia View School is a coeducational full primary (years 1--8) school with a roll of `{{NZ school roll data|1648|y}}`{=mediawiki} students as at `{{NZ school roll data|||y}}`{=mediawiki}.`{{NZ school roll data||||y}}`{=mediawiki} The school was formed in 2002 with the merger of Raumanga Primary and Middle Schools
| 483 |
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# Complete Control Sessions
***Complete Control Sessions*** is an online-only live six-track EP by Celtic punk band Flogging Molly. It was released by SideOneDummy Records on March 13, 2007. It was initially only available through the iTunes Store, but then was available for purchase as MP3s through Amazon.com starting January 8, 2008.
Two of the songs, \"Requiem for a Dying Song\" and \"Float\", were previously unreleased and later appeared on *Float* (2008). Of the other four songs, \"Devil\'s Dance Floor\" originally appeared on *Swagger* (2000) and the others originally appeared on *Within a Mile of Home* (2004).
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Requiem for a Dying Song\" -- 3:29
2. \"Whistles the Wind\" -- 4:06
3. \"Tobacco Island\" -- 4:30
4. \"Factory Girls\" -- 3:55
5. \"Float\" -- 4:48
6
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# Pengkalan Pasir
**Pengkalan Pasir** is a small town in Pasir Mas District, Kelantan, Malaysia
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| 0 |
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# Joby Harte
**Joby Harte** is a British television personality and talent manager.
## Career
### Acting and producing {#acting_and_producing}
He has worked on many television shows including the BBC\'s *Strictly Come Dancing*. Joby was part of the original production team and played a role in the creation of the worldwide hit reality series *Pop Idol* along with series producer Ken Warwick.
As a television actor, Harte\'s credits include \"the baker\" on the ITV children\'s show *SMTV Live*. Before being a warm-up artist, he was a radio presenter and assistant head of music for local UK radio station 97.6 Chiltern FM.
In 2009, Harte created the company Hot Rock Media, Inc. Hot Rock Media acquired offices at the NBC Burbank Studios and partnered with talent managers Paul Cohen and Sheri Anderson Thomas of Cohen Thomas Management. The company became, The Partnership LA, and was representing 22 clients including actors and singers in film and television.
### TV host {#tv_host}
Harte was the host of the Hub Network (now Discovery Family) TV show *Majors & Minors*, which was produced by Brandy Norwood which premiered on 23 September 2011 and ran for 1 season on Hub. The show was created and cohosted by E.Kidd Bogart.
### Talent management {#talent_management}
Harte worked with Columbia Records and Fulwell 73 on the NBC primetime One Direction special where he interviewed the band. From there he met Ben Winston who hired him to work on the then new CBS show The Late Late Show with James Corden. Harte was one of the original production team that launched the series and was awarded an Emmy for his contribution to Carpool Karaoke. Harte left the series in 2018 to focus on his management obligations.
Harte signed and developed many young stars, notably including Amir O\'Neil (NBC\'s Marlon), Amari O\'Neil (ABC\'s The Wonder Years), Ashely Jewel, GoldieBlox, Brandon Perea, (Universal Pictures, Nope), Joshua Bassett (Disney+, High School Musical: The Musical: The Series), Ricky Garcia (Universal Pictures, Bigger Fatter Liar) Emery Kelly (Netflix, Alexa and Katie) and Disney Channel actor Asher Angel, who was in the WB franchise movie Shazam. Angel played the starring role of Billy Batson in the movie.
In 2018 Harte teamed up with Veteran music manager Johnny Wright to manage the winning act of the ABC primetime series Boyband. The band was named In Real Life and were signed to Hollywood Records where they went on to have short success from 2017 to 2019 and had 9 top 40 hits. They Disbanded in 2020. Harte continues to represent Brady Tutton from the band for Film and TV. Brady Tutton had success with writing on the KPOP platinum album Peaches for KAI. He also represents Chance Perez who most recently portrayed the Black Power Ranger, Javi, in the Netflix reboot.
Harte continued his relationship with Wright and they shared Asher Angel in the music space. They put him with record label Hitco under the eye of musical genius LA Reid. Angels first release with the label was One Thought Away feat Wiz Kalifa which became the number 1 video on YouTube for 3 days. The video was released in April 2019 shortly after the release of the 1st Shazam movie. He would make a few more songs and music videos, several of which debuted on Entertainment Tonight.
Today, along with management, Harte produces motion picture Film and Television through his company Attentive Entertainment.
## Filmography
Note: Unless noted, these roles are behind-the-scenes work.
- *Majors & Minors*: Host
- *Baggage*
- *William & Kate*
- *Bucket & Skinner\'s Epic Adventures*
- *X-Men First Class*
- *Million Dollar Money Drop*
- *1 vs
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# Chub Cay International Airport
**Chub Cay Airport** is an airport in Chub Cay in the Berry Islands in The Bahamas `{{airport codes|CCZ|MYBC}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Colonel Hill Airport
**Colonel Hill Airport** `{{airport codes|CRI|MYCI}}`{=mediawiki}, also known as **Crooked Island Airport**, is an airport in Colonel Hill on Crooked Island in the Bahamas
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# Tikipunga
**Tikipunga** is one of the biggest suburbs in Whangārei, New Zealand. It is in the north-east part of the city and has the landmark Whangārei Falls nearby.
## Demographics
Tikipunga covers 5.75 km2 and had an estimated population of `{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Tikipunga North|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Tikipunga South|y}}|R}}|0}}`{=mediawiki} as of `{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}}`{=mediawiki} with a population density of `{{Decimals|({{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Tikipunga North|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Tikipunga South|y}}|R}})/5.75|0}}`{=mediawiki} people per km^2^.
Tikipunga had a population of 7,725 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 822 people (11.9%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 2,241 people (40.9%) since the 2013 census. There were 3,645 males, 4,065 females and 18 people of other genders in 2,841 dwellings. 2.4% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 37.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 1,659 people (21.5%) aged under 15 years, 1,395 (18.1%) aged 15 to 29, 2,925 (37.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,749 (22.6%) aged 65 or older.
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 67.7% European (Pākehā); 41.0% Māori; 6.1% Pasifika; 8.1% Asian; 0.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.4% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as \"New Zealander\". English was spoken by 96.7%, Māori language by 10.6%, Samoan by 0.4%, and other languages by 8.7%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 17.0, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 35.9% Christian, 1.3% Hindu, 0.2% Islam, 3.4% Māori religious beliefs, 0.6% Buddhist, 0.5% New Age, and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 49.7%, and 7.5% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 747 (12.3%) people had a bachelor\'s or higher degree, 3,363 (55.4%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 1,737 (28.6%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was \$33,600, compared with \$41,500 nationally. 342 people (5.6%) earned over \$100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 2,619 (43.2%) people were employed full-time, 699 (11.5%) were part-time, and 192 (3.2%) were unemployed.
+-----------------+---------+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+----------+
| Name | Area\ | Population | Density\ | Dwellings | Median age | Median\ |
| | (km^2^) | | (per km^2^) | | | income |
+=================+=========+============+=============+===========+============+==========+
| Tikipunga North | 3.01 | 3,939 | 1,309 | 1,437 | 36.6 years | \$32,400 |
+-----------------+---------+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+----------+
| Tikipunga South | 2.74 | 3,789 | 1,383 | 1,404 | 38.0 years | \$34,700 |
+-----------------+---------+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+----------+
| New Zealand | | | | | 38.1 years | \$41,500 |
+-----------------+---------+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+----------+
: Individual statistical areas
## Attractions
The nearby Whangārei Falls have since the 1940s been in public ownership.
## Education
Tikipunga High School is a state coeducational year 7--13 secondary school on Corks Road, with a roll of `{{NZ school roll data|14|y}}`{=mediawiki} students as of `{{NZ school roll data|||y|y||.}}`{=mediawiki} The school opened in 1971.
Tikipunga Primary School is a contributing primary (years 1--6) school with a roll of `{{NZ school roll data|1113|y}}`{=mediawiki} students as of `{{NZ school roll data|||y|y||.}}`{=mediawiki}
Te Kura Kaupapa Maori o Te Rawhiti Roa is a composite (years 1--15) school with a roll of `{{NZ school roll data|1154|y}}`{=mediawiki} students as of `{{NZ school roll data|||y|y||.}}`{=mediawiki}
All these schools are coeducational.
<File:Whangarei> Falls New Zealand (2).jpg\|Whangārei Falls as seen from a walkway over the river. <File:Whangarei> Falls New Zealand.jpg\|Falls from below.
## Amenities
The Paramount Plaza shopping centre on Paramount Parade serves the suburb and is anchored by a large Woolworths Supermarket. It contains a service station, several food outlets, a liquor store, a pharmacy, a video store and a medical centre. Nearby is the Tikipunga branch of the Whangārei Libraries. There is also a smaller suburban shopping strip on the corner of Kiripaka Road and Spedding Road
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# Deadman's Cay Airport
**Deadman\'s Cay Airport** `{{airport codes|LGI|MYLD}}`{=mediawiki} is an airport located in the settlement of Deadman\'s Cay on Long Island in The Bahamas. The airport serves the island's capital, Clarence Town, as well as the general south of the island.
## Facilities
The airport resides at an elevation of 9 ft above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 09/27 with an asphalt surface measuring 1219 x
| 70 |
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| 0 |
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# Sjahrir (economist)
**Sjahrir** (24 February 1945 -- 28 July 2008) was a prominent Indonesian political economist. He was officially appointed by President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as Economic Adviser in the Council of Presidential Advisers on 11 April 2007. As a student activist, he was once sentenced to jail during the Malari demonstration in 1974.
## Biography
Sjahrir was born in Kudus, Central Java, during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, on February 24, 1945. Syahrir (nicknamed: Ciil or Ci\'il) was born as the only child to Ma'amoen Al Rasyid and Roesma Malik, both from the village of Koto Gedang in West Sumatra. His father was a high-ranking government official in Central Java during the Dutch Colonial Era, while his mother was an official at the Inspectorate of Women Education, Department of Education. (Mangiang et al. 1995)
Sjahrir received his early childhood education in a public school in Jakarta; he also spent a year in the Dalton School Elementary School, Amsterdam. He continued his study at a Catholic high school, Canisius College in Jakarta. It was there that he discovered his desire to learn economics. From Canisius College, he was enrolled at the University of Indonesia, where he studied economics.
During his study in the university, he became active in the Djakarta Students Association (*Ikatan Mahasiswa Djakarta* or IMADA), a student union. His involvement at IMADA made him appointed as the head of United Actions of Indonesian Students (*Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia* or KAMI). Sjahrir was active in KAMI until 1969. Meanwhile, his activities in the Intra University Organization made him appointed as the General Secretary of Students Senate, Faculty of Economics, in the University of Indonesia.
In 1974, students at the University of Indonesia demonstrated against the government's policy regarding the role of foreign investment in Indonesia. The demonstration led to a riot, known as Malari. Sjahrir, who recently graduated as a Bachelor in Economics from the Faculty of Economy, at the University of Indonesia and who was getting ready to leave the country for a master\'s degree scholarship at the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University, was arrested, tried, and sentenced to 6 and a half years of prison for subversion and his involvement in the Malari riots. However, he only spent almost 4 years in jail as a political detainee.
After getting out of the prison, Ford Foundation, the sponsor of his scholarship, still granted him the opportunity to pursue his master\'s degree. He graduated from Harvard University with a Ph.D. degree in Political Economy & Government in 1983. He returned to Jakarta in the same year and became a lecturer in his former faculty.
Later, he founded Yayasan Padi & Kapas, an organization that focuses on research, education & public health. During this time, he was active as a consultant and advisor for state banks and public companies.
In 2001, during the Reformation era, Sjahrir founded the New Indonesia Alliance (*Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru*). The main activity of the Alliance is to organize a cabinet watch. The cabinet watch's task is to monitor the government's decisions on certain policies and then to announce the result of the observations to the public.
At the 2004 legislative elections, the New Indonesia Alliance Party (*Partai Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru*) party won 0.6% of the popular vote and no seats in the National People\'s Representative Council. He step down as chairman of the party when the 2004 elected president of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, appointed Sjahrir as Economic Advisor to the President. Sjahrir's responsibility as Economic Advisor to the President includes being special envoys to other countries, fulfilling presidential missions.
Sjahrir died on 28 July 2008 at Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore from advanced stage of lung cancer. His body was flown back to Indonesia on the following day and was buried in the Tanah Kusir Cemetery, Jakarta, on 29 July 2008.
## Work and publication {#work_and_publication}
Sjahrir was known for his extensive writings, including six books that were published between 1994-1995, namely:
1. *Ekonomi Indonesia dalam Perspektif Bisnis* (The Indonesian Economy in a Business Perspective), published by Jurnalindo Aksara Grafika in Jakarta, 1994.
2. *Kebijakan Negara Mengantisipasi Masa Depan* (National Policy: Anticipating the Future), published by Yayasan Obor Indonesia in Jakarta, 1994.
3. *Pikiran Politik* (Political Ideas), published by LP3ES in Jakarta, 1994.
4. *Analisis Bursa Efek* (Analysis of the Stock Exchange), published by Gramedia Pustaka Utama in Jakarta, 1995.
5. *Formasi Mikro-Makro Ekonomi Indonesia* (Indonesia\'s Macro and Micro Economy), published by University of Indonesia Press in Jakarta, 1995.
6. *Persoalan Ekonomi Indonesia: Moneter, Perkreditan dan Nenca Pembayaran* (Problems of the Indonesian Economy: Money, Credit and the Balance of Payments), published by Pustaka Sinar Harapan in Jakarta, 1995.
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# Sjahrir (economist)
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Sjahrir was married to Nurmala Kartini Sjahrir, a chairman of the Indonesian Anthropological Association, and has a son, Pandu Patria Sjahrir, and a daughter, Gita Sjahrir
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# Dakota Staton
**Dakota Staton** (June 3, 1930 -- April 10, 2007) was an American jazz vocalist who found international acclaim with the 1957 No. 4 hit \"The Late, Late Show\". She was also known by the Muslim name **Aliyah Rabia** for a period due to her conversion to Islam as interpreted by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
## Biography
Born in the Homewood neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, she attended George Westinghouse High School, and studied music at the Filion School of Music in Pittsburgh. Later she performed regularly in the Hill District, a jazz hotspot, as a vocalist with the Joe Westray Orchestra, a popular Pittsburgh orchestra. She next spent several years in the nightclub circuit in such cities as Detroit, Indianapolis, Cleveland and St. Louis. While in New York, she was noticed singing at a Harlem nightclub called the Baby Grand by Dave Cavanaugh, a producer for Capitol Records. She was signed and released several singles, her success leading her to win *Down Beat* magazine\'s \"Most Promising Newcomer\" award in 1955. In 1958, Staton wed Talib Dawud, a black Antigua-born Ahmadi Muslim, a jazz trumpeter and noted critic of Elijah Muhammad. She subsequently converted to Islam and used the name Aliyah Rabia for some time. The marriage ultimately ended in divorce.
She released several critically acclaimed albums in the late 1950s and early 1960s, including: *The Late, Late Show* (1957), whose title track was her biggest hit, *In the Night* (1958), a collaboration with pianist George Shearing, *Dynamic!* (1958) and *Dakota at Storyville* (1962), a live album recorded at the Storyville jazz club in Boston. In the mid-1960s Staton moved to England, where she recorded the album *Dakota ′67*. Returning to the US in the early 1970s, she continued to record semi-regularly, her recordings taking an increasingly strong gospel and blues influence. She suffered a stroke in 1999, after which her health deteriorated. Staton died in New York City aged 76 in 2007.
## Discography
- *The Late, Late Show* (Capitol, 1957)
- *Dynamic!* (Capitol, 1958)
- *In the Night* with George Shearing (Capitol, 1958)
- *Time to Swing* (Capitol, 1959)
- *More Than the Most* (Capitol, 1959)
- *Crazy He Calls Me* (Capitol, 1959)
- *Sings Ballads and the Blues* (Capitol, 1960)
- *Softly* (Capitol, 1960)
- *Dakota* (Capitol, 1960)
- *\'Round Midnight* (Capitol, 1961)
- *Dakota at Storyville* (Capitol, 1962)
- *From Dakota with Love* (United Artists, 1962)
- *Live and Swinging* (United Artists, 1964)
- *Dakota Staton with Strings* (United Artists, 1964)
- *Dakota \'67* (London, 1966)
- *I\'ve Been There* (Verve, 1970)
- *Madame Foo-Foo* (Groove Merchant, 1972)
- *I Want a Country Man* (Groove Merchant, 1973)
- *Ms
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| 0 |
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# Henry Stephen (musician)
**Henry Augustus Stephen Pierre** (15 July 1941 -- 5 April 2021) was one of the earliest Venezuelan proponents of rock and roll music.
## Biography
Henry Stephen was born in Cabimas, Zulia state, Venezuela. He once belonged to the \"Los Impala\" music group, and later became a solo artist with the 1969 hit song \"Limón, Limonero\". In 1974, RCA Records awarded him a Gold record for selling one million copies of the song.
Later in his career, he became an actor in Venezuelan telenovelas.
Stephen died from COVID-19 in Caracas on 5 April 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela
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| 0 |
10,081,870 |
# Dominic Cossa
**Dominic Frank Cossa** (May 13, 1935 -- October 6, 2024) was an American operatic lyric baritone particularly associated with the Italian and French repertoire.
## Biography
Cossa was born in Jessup, Pennsylvania, on May 13, 1935. He studied with Anthony Marlowe in Detroit, Michigan, Robert Weede in Concord, California, and Armen Boyajian in New York City. He made his debut at the New York City Opera as Moralès in 1961, and a week later sang Sharpless with the company. He won the American Opera Auditions in 1964 and was sent to Italy for debuts at the Teatro Nuovo in Milan and Teatro della Pergola in Florence.
He made his debut at the San Francisco Opera in 1967 as Zurga in *Les pêcheurs de perles*. His Metropolitan Opera debut took place on January 30, 1970, as Silvio in *Pagliacci*. Other roles there were Figaro in *Il barbiere di Siviglia*, Lescaut in *Manon Lescaut*, Marcello in *La bohème*, Mercutio in *Roméo et Juliette*, Masetto in *Don Giovanni*, Valentin in *Faust*, Yeletsky in *Pique Dame*, Germont in *La traviata*, and Albert in *Werther*. In 1976 he created the role of David Murphy in the world premiere of Gian Carlo Menotti\'s *The Hero* with the Opera Company of Philadelphia.
Cossa\'s left a few notable recordings of his best roles such as Belcore in *L\'elisir d\'amore* opposite Dame Joan Sutherland and Luciano Pavarotti, Achillas in Handel\'s *Giulio Cesare* opposite Norman Treigle and Beverly Sills, Nevers in Meyerbeer\'s *Les Huguenots*, again opposite Sutherland, Martina Arroyo and Huguette Tourangeau, and the baritone solo part in Roger Sessions\' *When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom\'d*. He can also be heard on the Classical Record Library\'s *A Celebration of Schumann and Schubert* with the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center.
He sang as soloist with the New York Philharmonic, the Boston Symphony, the Chicago Symphony, the Israel Philharmonic, and the National Symphony.
He was chosen by Licia Albanese to be the recipient of the Puccini Foundation\'s Bacccarat Award in 2004, and in 1993 was inducted into the Hall of Fame for Great American Singers at the Academy of Vocal Arts in Philadelphia.
Cossa taught at the Manhattan School of Music and in 1988 he accepted a position as Professor of Music at the University of Maryland, College Park, where he became chair of Voice/Opera.
He was a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity.
Cossa died on October 6, 2024, at the age of 89
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# Effects of tropical cyclones
The **effects of tropical cyclones** include heavy rain, strong wind, large storm surges near landfall, and tornadoes. The destruction from a tropical cyclone, such as a hurricane or tropical storm, depends mainly on its intensity, its size, and its location. Tropical cyclones remove forest canopy as well as change the landscape near coastal areas, by moving and reshaping sand dunes and causing extensive erosion along the coast. Even well inland, heavy rainfall can lead to landslides in mountainous areas. Their effects can be sensed over time by studying the concentration of the Oxygen-18 isotope within caves.
After the cyclone has occurred, devastation often continues. Fallen trees can block roads and delay rescues even damaged houses, with medical supplies, or slow the repairs to electrical lines, telephone towers or water pipes, which could put other lives at risk for days or months. Stagnant water can cause the spread of disease, and transportation or communication infrastructure may have been destroyed, hampering clean-up and rescue efforts. Nearly 2 million people have died globally due to tropical cyclones. Despite their devastating effects, tropical cyclones are also beneficial, by potentially bringing rain to dry areas and moving heat from the tropics poleward. Out at sea, ships take advantage of their known characteristics by navigating through their weaker, western half.
Hazards are often characterized as primary, secondary or tertiary. A primary hazard involves destructive winds, debris and storm surge. Secondary hazards include flooding and fires. Tertiary hazards include spikes in prices of food and other necessities, as well as long term hazards like water-borne diseases.
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# Effects of tropical cyclones
## At sea {#at_sea}
The exports and imports are halted in sea ports due to the cyclone. Some people lose their jobs as well. A mature tropical cyclone can release heat at a rate upwards of `{{nowrap|6×10<sup>14</sup>}}`{=mediawiki} watts. Tropical cyclones on the open sea cause large waves, heavy rain, and high winds, disrupting international shipping and, at times, causing shipwrecks. Generally, after its passage, a tropical cyclone stirs up ocean water, lowering sea surface temperatures behind it. This cool wake can cause the region to be less favorable for a subsequent tropical cyclone. On rare occasions, tropical cyclones may actually do the opposite. 2005\'s Hurricane Dennis blew warm water behind it, contributing to the unprecedented intensity of Hurricane Emily, which followed it closely. Hurricanes help to maintain the global heat balance by moving warm, moist tropical air to the mid-latitudes and polar regions and also by influencing ocean heat transport. Were it not for the movement of heat poleward (through other means as well as hurricanes), the tropical regions would be unbearably hot.
### North American colonization {#north_american_colonization}
Shipwrecks are common with the passage of strong tropical cyclones. Such shipwrecks can change the course of history, as well as influence art and literature. A hurricane led to a victory of the Spanish over the French for control of Fort Caroline, and ultimately the Atlantic coast of North America, in 1565. The *Sea Venture* was wrecked near Bermuda in 1609 which led to the colonization of Bermuda and provided the inspiration for Shakespeare\'s *The Tempest*.
### Shipping
Mariners have a way to safely navigate around tropical cyclones. They split tropical cyclones in two, based on their direction of motion, and maneuver to avoid the right segment of the cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere (the left segment in the Southern Hemisphere). Sailors term the right side the **dangerous semicircle** since the heaviest rain and strongest winds and seas were located in this half of the storm, as the cyclone\'s translation speed and its rotational wind are additive. The other half of the tropical cyclone is called the **navigable semicircle** since weather conditions are lessened (subtractive) in this portion of the storm (but are still potentially quite hazardous). The rules of thumb for ship travel when a tropical cyclone is in their vicinity are to avoid them if at all possible and do not cross their forecast path (crossing the T). Those traveling through the dangerous semicircle are advised to keep to the true wind on the starboard bow and make as much headway as possible. Ships moving through the navigable semicircle are advised to keep the true wind on the starboard quarter while making as much headway as possible.
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# Effects of tropical cyclones
## Upon landfall {#upon_landfall}
The most significant effects of a tropical cyclone occur when they cross coastlines, making landfall then it destroys ships and lives.
### Strong winds {#strong_winds}
Strong winds can damage or destroy vehicles, buildings, bridges, trees, personal property and other outside objects, turning loose debris into deadly flying projectiles. In the United States, major hurricanes comprise just 21% of all land-falling tropical cyclones, but account for 83% of all damage. Tropical cyclones often knock out power to tens or hundreds of thousands of people, preventing vital communication and hampering rescue efforts. Tropical cyclones often destroy key bridges, overpasses, and roads, complicating efforts to transport food, clean water, and medicine to the areas that need it. Furthermore, the damage caused by tropical cyclones to buildings and dwellings can result in economic damage to a region, and to a diaspora of the population of the region.
### Storm surge {#storm_surge}
thumb\|180px\|right \|The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in Gulfport, Mississippi. Katrina was the costliest tropical cyclone in United States history. `{{See also|Storm surge}}`{=mediawiki} The storm surge, or the increase in sea level due to the cyclone, is typically the worst effect from landfalling tropical cyclones, historically resulting in 90% of tropical cyclone deaths. The relatively quick surge in sea level can move miles/kilometers inland, flooding homes and cutting off escape routes. The NOAA report about sea level states that the likeliness of storm surges during a hurricane has increased due to climate change, and by 2050, the chance of moderate flooding occurring will have increased by 10 times. The storm surges and winds of hurricanes may be destructive to human-made structures, but they also stir up the waters of coastal estuaries, which are typically important fish-breeding locales.
### Heavy rainfall {#heavy_rainfall}
The thunderstorm activity in a tropical cyclone produces intense rainfall, potentially resulting in flooding, mudslides, and landslides. Inland areas are particularly vulnerable to freshwater flooding, due to residents not preparing adequately. Heavy inland rainfall eventually flows into coastal estuaries, damaging marine life in coastal estuaries. The wet environment in the aftermath of a tropical cyclone, combined with the destruction of sanitation facilities and a warm tropical climate, can induce epidemics of disease which claim lives long after the storm passes. Infections of cuts and bruises can be greatly amplified by wading in sewage-polluted water. Large areas of standing water caused by flooding also contribute to mosquito-borne illnesses. Furthermore, crowded evacuees in shelters increase the risk of disease propagation.
Although cyclones take an enormous toll in lives and personal property, they may be important factors in the precipitation regimes of places they affect and bring much-needed precipitation to otherwise dry regions. Hurricanes in the eastern north Pacific often supply moisture to the Southwestern United States and parts of Mexico. Japan receives over half of its rainfall from typhoons. Hurricane Camille (1969) averted drought conditions and ended water deficits along much of its path, though it also killed 259 people and caused \$9.14 billion (2005 USD) in damage.
On the other hand, the occurrence of tropical cyclones can cause tremendous variability in rainfall over the areas they affect: indeed cyclones are the primary cause of the most extreme rainfall variability in the world, as observed in places such as Onslow and Port Hedland in subtropical Australia where the annual rainfall can range from practically nothing with no cyclones to over 1,000 mm if cyclones are abundant.
### Tornadoes
The broad rotation of a land-falling tropical cyclone often (though not commonly) spawns tornadoes, particularly in their right front quadrant. While these tornadoes are normally not as strong as their non-tropical counterparts, heavy damage or loss of life can still occur. Tornadoes can also be spawned as a result of eyewall mesovortices, which persist until landfall.
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# Effects of tropical cyclones
## Deaths
Deaths per year from tropical cyclones
----------------------------------------
Australia
United States
East Asia
Globally
During the last two centuries, tropical cyclones have been responsible for the deaths of about 1.9 million people worldwide. It is estimated that 10,000 people per year perish due to tropical cyclones. The deadliest tropical cyclone was the 1970 Bhola cyclone, which had a death toll of anywhere from 300,000 to 500,000 lives.
A 2024 peer-reviewed study published in *Nature* found a robust increase in excess mortality that persisted for 15 years after each geophysical event. On average, after each tropical cyclone, the study found there were 7,000--11,000 excess deaths, exceeding the average of 24 immediate deaths reported in government statistics. In total, the study estimated tropical storms since 1930 have contributed to between 3.6 million and 5.2 million deaths in the U.S. alone -- as much as all deaths combined nationwide during the same period from motor vehicle accidents, infectious diseases, and battle deaths. By contrast, official government statistics place the death toll from tropical cyclones at only 10,000 during this same period. The study found 25% of infant deaths and 15% of all deaths among people aged 1 to 44 in the U.S. are related to tropical cyclones. The study found 13% of all deaths in Florida are linked to tropical cyclones.
### United States {#united_states}
Before Hurricane Katrina, which combined storm-tide flooding with levee-breach (dam) flooding from Lake Pontchartrain, the average death rate for tropical cyclones in the United States had been decreasing. The main cause of storm-related fatalities had been shifting away from storm surge and towards freshwater (rain) flooding. However, the median death rate per storm had increased through 1979, with a lull during the 1980--1995 period. This was due to greater numbers of people moving to the coastal margins and into harm\'s way. Despite advances in warning strategies and reduction in track forecast error, this increase in fatalities is expected to continue for as long as people migrate towards the shore.
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# Effects of tropical cyclones
## Reconstruction and repopulation {#reconstruction_and_repopulation}
While tropical cyclones may well seriously damage settlement, total destruction encourages rebuilding. For example, the destruction wrought by Hurricane Camille on the Gulf coast spurred redevelopment, greatly increasing local property values. Research indicates that the typical hurricane strike raises real house prices by a few percent for a number of years, with a maximum effect of between 3 percent to 4 percent three years after occurrence. However, disaster response officials point out that redevelopment encourages more people to live in clearly dangerous areas subject to future deadly storms. Hurricane Katrina is the most obvious example, as it devastated the region that had been revitalized after Hurricane Camille. Many former residents and businesses do relocate to inland areas away from the threat of future hurricanes as well.
In isolated areas with small populations, tropical cyclones may cause enough casualties to contribute to the founder\'s effect as survivors repopulate their place. For example, around 1775, a typhoon hit Pingelap Atoll, and in combination with a subsequent famine, reduced the island\'s population to a low level. Several generations after the disaster, as many as 10% of Pingelapese have a genetic form of color-blindness called achromatopsia. This is due to one of the survivors of the depopulation brought on by the typhoon having a mutated gene, which the population bottleneck caused to be at a higher-than-usual level in succeeding generations
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# Lloyd C. Griscom
**Lloyd Carpenter Griscom** (November 4, 1872 -- February 8, 1959) was an American lawyer, diplomat, and newspaper publisher.
## Early life {#early_life}
Lloyd Griscom was born on November 4, 1872, at Riverton, New Jersey. He was the son of shipping magnate Clement Griscom (1841--1912) and Frances Canby Biddle (1840--1923). Among his siblings was Frances Griscom, an amateur golfer who won the 1900 U.S. Women\'s Amateur held at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club in Southampton, New York, She and played in the 1898 Amateur at the Ardsley Club.
He graduated in 1891 from the law department of University of Pennsylvania and a member of the Sigma chapter of the Zeta Psi Fraternity. Griscom continued his legal studies at the New York Law School. He later received a Doctor of Laws from the University of Pennsylvania in 1907.
## Career
In 1893--1894, Griscom served in the United Kingdom as secretary to Ambassador Thomas Bayard; he was admitted to the bar in 1896, and the following year in 1897 he was deputy district attorney of New York. During the Spanish--American War, he served as captain and assistant quartermaster.
While serving a short period as Secretary of Legation and chargé d\' affaires at Constantinople, the 28-year-old Griscom made a notable achievement in 1900 by persuading the Sultan to purchase what would become the Ottoman cruiser Mecidiye from the American shipbuilder William Cramp & Sons. Shortly afterward, he was appointed Minister to Persia in 1901. He held the corresponding post in Japan (1902--1906) and was ambassador to Brazil (1906--1907) and to Italy (1907--1909).
In 1911, he became a member of the law firm of Beekman, Menken, and Griscom, New York City, and was thereafter active in local Republican politics, helping found The New York Young Republican Club. He contributed numerous articles to the Philadelphia *Sunday Press* on travel in Central America. In 1917, he was appointed a major in the department of the Adjutant-General of the United States Army and afterward became Assistant Adjutant-General. During the war, he served as liaison officer to General John J. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces of the U.S. Army. He was a close friend of Col. Theodore Roosevelt Jr.
Griscom\'s primary significance was as an advocate for globalized free trade as a means to promote peaceful development in accordance with his Quaker faith. In the Middle East he worked for better relations between Muslims and Christians, and he played a major role in the relief effort in Italy after the 1908 Messina earthquake took 50,000 lives. Prior to the death of Secretary of State John Hay in 1905, Griscom was offered the post of First Assistant Secretary of State. The appointment of Elihu Root to succeed Hay nullified Griscom\'s appointment to the State Department position.
In 1940, he published a memoir of his professional life, *Diplomatically Speaking,* covering his life from youth and his student days at the University of Pennsylvania to his homecoming as an Army officer after the end of World War One in 1919. In the first year it sold more than 90,000 copies in America before it was published in England. The Rt. Hon. Leo Amery, M.P., commented that \"My old friend Lloyd Griscom gives a delightfully breezy picture as seen through American eyes of Edwardian England, of the diplomatic world, of many countries.\"
### Later life {#later_life}
Following his retirement from public service, he bought and became the publisher of several Long Island newspapers, including the *East Norwich Enterprise*, the *North Hempstead Record*, and the *Nassau Daily Star*. Griscom purchased the *Tallahassee* \[Florida\] *Democrat* in 1929 owning it until his death in 1959. He was a cousin by marriage to Wolcott Gibbs, who later worked at several of Griscom\'s Long Island newspapers.
Griscom studied painting under John Singer Sargent.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
On November 2, 1901, Griscom was married to Elizabeth Duer Bronson (1877--1914), the daughter of lawyer Frederic Bronson. Her mother, Sarah Gracie King, was the granddaughter of U.S. Representative James Gore King and William Alexander Duer. Through Elizabeth\'s uncle, Frederick Gore King, she was the first cousin of Alice Gore King. The Bronsons lived at 174 Madison Avenue and had a country home, \"Verna\" in Southport, Connecticut (which later became the Fairfield Country Day School). Together, they were the parents of:
- Bronson Winthrop Griscom (1907--1977), who married Sophie Gay, the niece of painter Walter Gay, in 1931.
- Lloyd Preston Griscom (b. 1913).
After her death in 1914, he remarried to Audrey Margaret Elizabeth Crosse (1900--1975) in England on October 3, 1929. Audrey was the daughter of Marlborough Crosse and the niece of C. E. Barnwell Ewins of Marston Trussell Hall in Leicestershire. His best man at the wedding was Brig. Gen. Sir Charles Delmé-Radcliffe (who married the daughter of Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet), who was British military attaché at Rome while Griscom was envoy there.
Griscom died of a stroke on February 8, 1959, at Archbold Memorial Hospital in Thomasville, Georgia while visiting his sister Frances who was a patient there. After his death, his widow, who inherited the bulk of his estate including the Leon county Luna Plantation as well as the *Tallahassee Democrat*, which she ran from 1958 through 1965
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# El Mar No Cesa
***El Mar No Cesa*** (*The Sea Won\'t Stop*) is the debut album of Spanish rock band Héroes del Silencio, released on October 31 1988. It went platinum quickly, and made them one of the greatest rock bands of Spain.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
### LP edition {#lp_edition}
1. \"Mar Adentro\" (Into the Sea) - 4:00
2. \"Hace Tiempo\" (It\'s Been a While) - 4:31
3. \"Fuente Esperanza\" (Hope Fountain) - 4:46
4. \"No Más Lágrimas\" (No More Tears) - 3:30
5. \"La Lluvia Gris\" (The Grey Rain) - 4:20
6. \"Flor Venenosa\" (Poisonous Flower) - 4:10
7. \"Agosto\" (August) - 4:22
8. \"El Estanque\" (The Pond) - 4:14
9. \"La Isla de Las Iguanas\" (Island of the Iguanas) - 3:18
10. \"\... 16\" - 3:52
11. \"Héroe de Leyenda\" (Hero of Legend) - 4:07
### CD edition {#cd_edition}
1. \"Mar Adentro\" - 4:00
2. \"Hace Tiempo\" - 4:31
3. \"Fuente Esperanza\" - 4:46
4. \"No Más Lagrimas\" - 3:30
5. \"Olvidado\" (Forgotten) - 4:26
6. \"La Lluvia Gris\" - 4:20
7. \"Flor Venenosa\" - 4:10
8. \"Agosto\" - 4:22
9. \"El Estanque\" - 4:14
10. \"La Visión de Vuestras Almas\" (Vision of Thy Souls) - 4:10
11. \"La Isla de Las Iguanas\" - 3:18
12. \"\... 16\" - 3:52
13
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# Joseph O'Rourke (activist)
**Joseph F. O\'Rourke** (May 15, 1938 -- July 24, 2008) was a laicized Catholic priest and American pro-choice activist.
## Biography
Joseph F. \"Joe\" O\'Rourke was born in 1938, two days after the death of his father, in Hudson, New York. He joined the Jesuit Order of the Roman Catholic Church in 1958, and was ordained to the priesthood around 1971.
O\'Rourke was an activist against the Vietnam war and was one of nine people who broke into Dow Chemical offices in Washington, D.C. in 1969 and destroyed some of the company\'s files. Dow Chemical was the primary manufacturer of napalm. During this period O\'Rourke worked closely with Philip Berrigan.
O\'Rourke was one of the early board members of Catholics for a Free Choice. In August 1974, CFFC President Joan Harriman asked him to travel with her to Marlboro, Massachusetts, to baptize a baby whose local priests refused to perform the rite. The baby\'s mother, 20-year-old Carol Morreale, had been interviewed regarding an \"abortion-information clinic\" that was proposed for Marlboro by Bill Baird, an activist from New York City. Morreale told a newspaper reporter that she did not advocate abortion herself but that she was in favor of free choice for others and thus she supported Baird\'s proposal. Because of her statement in the newspaper, and the town\'s polarization over the issue of abortion clinics, Morreale\'s local priest would not baptize her three-month-old son Nathaniel, and Humberto Sousa Medeiros, the Archbishop of Boston, said that he would not allow any other priest to perform the rite. O\'Rourke and Harriman spoke with local priests but could not convince them to lift the stated baptism ban. On August 20, 1974, O\'Rourke publicly baptized the baby on the steps of the parish church, Immaculate Conception Church, in front of its locked doors and 300 onlookers including Morreale family members and friends, and news reporters. In this, he acted against his superiors\' express orders, and was dismissed from the Jesuit Order in September. O\'Rourke continued to live with his order and appealed his dismissal to Rome on the grounds that he had a right to baptize the baby. His appeal was rejected. Later, he was also laicized.
Although O\'Rourke was very critical of Catholic Church teaching in matters of sexuality, he remained committed to Catholic advocacy of religious liberty, and for constitutional, economic, political and human rights.
O\'Rourke later married and had a child. He died in Oak Park, Illinois, in 2008
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# Middlings purifier
A **middlings purifier** is a device used in the production of flour to remove the husks from the kernels of wheat. It was developed in Minnesota by Edmund LaCroix, a French inventor hired by Cadwallader C. Washburn and George Christian of the Washburn \"A\" Mill. It was developed to complement the emerging roller mill technique of the late 19th century, which used corrugated metal rollers instead of abrasive grindstones to grind wheat into flour. The middlings purifier was used to separate the bran from the usable part of the flour. The machine developed by LaCroix passed the partially ground middlings over a screen, and a stream of air blew away the particles of bran.
This process was used because winter wheat, sown in the fall and harvested early the next summer was not feasible to grow in Minnesota. Spring wheat was sown in the spring and harvested in late summer. This could be grown by Minnesota farmers, but the conventional techniques of grinding grain between millstones ended up producing a darker flour than consumers desired. It was also difficult to mix the gluten and the starch completely. After Washburn\'s company developed the roller-milling technique with the use of a middlings purifier, they tried to monopolize the method, but the Pillsbury Company and other competitors were able to duplicate the process thanks to employees who left Washburn and passed along trade secrets.
The development of the middling purifier may have been based on the invention of the purifier by Ignaz Paul, an Austrian miller and inventor (1778--1842) early in the 19th century.
Washburn later teamed up with John Crosby to form the Washburn-Crosby Company, which eventually became General Mills
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# Astoria School District
The **Astoria School District** is a school district in the U.S. state of Oregon that serves the city of Astoria. It has five schools, which each serve a different age group of students.
In addition to Astoria, the district includes Jeffers Gardens and River Point.
## Demographics
In the 2009 school year, the district had 41 students classified as homeless by the Department of Education, or 2.2% of students in the district.
## Schools
Gray Elementary
Gray Elementary is the school district\'s kindergarten school. It was named after Robert Gray, the merchant sea-captain who was the first white man to enter the Columbia River. In 2006 there were approximately 140 students enrolled.
Astor Elementary
Named after John Jacob Astor, who is also the namesake of Astoria, this school serves grades 1-3 and in 2006 had approximately 400 enrolled students. It served as the site for the 1990 film *Kindergarten Cop*, one of several locations within Astoria which have been used for movies.
Lewis and Clark School
This school is located across Young\'s Bay from the majority of Astoria. Grades 3-5 are taught here, and in 2006 there were about 400 students in attendance. Lewis and Clark school was in existence the 1950s. Until at least 1980 the school taught kindergarten through 8th grade.
Astoria Middle School
Astoria Middle School contains grades 6-8 and had approximately 292 students as of 2012. Although it does not belong to any sports leagues, its students still participate in club sports such as the Astoria Vikings.
Astoria High School
Astoria High School was built in 1960. Home to 780 students and 39 staff, this school serves 9th through 12th grades. After undergoing renovation in 2003 it added a new Applied Science Center specializing in aquatic biology. This school is also home to the 2006 3A Baseball State Champions
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# KWHF
**KWHF** (95.9 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Harrisburg, Arkansas, broadcasting to the Jonesboro, Arkansas, area. KWHF airs a classic country music format branded as \"The Wolf\".
As of the 2007 academic year, KWHF is the flagship radio station of the Arkansas State Radio Network and airs Arkansas State University athletic events
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# Pluto (comics)
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# Stu Segall Productions
**Stu Segall Productions** is a 70000 sqft studio facility in San Diego, California.
## Filmings
The studio is used primarily for filming television series and movies in the San Diego area. Television shows shot in the studio or on location in San Diego include *Veronica Mars*, *Silk Stalkings*, *Pensacola: Wings of Gold*, *Renegade*, *Push* and all six MyNetworkTV limited-run serials. Feature films include *Flying By*, *Hairy Tale*, *Raven,* *Fast Money,* *Illegal in Blue,* and *Dead On.* Television films include *The Dark,* *Surrender Dorothy,* *See Arnold Run,* *Tiger Cruise,* and *I Married a Monster.*
The studio was built in 1991 and is sometimes referred to as Stu Segall Studios. Part of the facility is used for police and military training exercises under the operating name of Strategic Operations or STOPS. In addition, a satellite facility is located in North Hollywood, Los Angeles
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# Every Little Kiss
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{{singlechart|Dutch40|32|artist=Bruce Hornsby and the Range|song=Every Little Kiss}}
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# South Yorkshire Transport
**South Yorkshire Transport** (SYT) was a bus operator that provided services around South Yorkshire and outlying areas. The company was formed as an \'arms-length\' successor of the South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (SYPTE) in 1986, which was broken up as a result of the deregulation of bus services. South Yorkshire Transport operated buses in and around Doncaster, Rotherham and Sheffield with some services extending to Chesterfield, Leeds and Barnsley.
In November 1993 South Yorkshire Transport, now rebranded *Mainline*, was sold in a management buyout. A 20% stake in the company was divested to FirstBus from the Stagecoach Group in 1995, and eventually in 1998, First purchased Mainline, later rebranding the operation to First South Yorkshire.
## History
The South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (SYPTE) was formed in 1974 under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and until 1986, ran a majority of bus services in South Yorkshire. In 1986, bus services were deregulated following the passage of the Transport Act 1985, with local authorities in the United Kingdom required to sell the operations of their passenger transport executives (PTEs) to private companies. South Yorkshire PTE was rebranded to \'South Yorkshire Transport\' (stylised as *South Yorkshire\'s Transport*) shortly before deregulation, with a large red band and smaller red and brown stripes being applied onto buses in the existing brown and cream livery, as well as new \'SYT\' logos replacing the PTE\'s \'flying duck\' logo on all company property.
In the months prior to deregulation, fare increases of up to 300% were enacted and staff redundancies across the company were carried out in order to cover running costs commercially. This included the withdrawal or conversion of conductor operated buses to one-person operation by 1986, which saw conductors either trained to become drivers or be made redundant from the company.
On 26 October 1986, deregulation went into effect, and South Yorkshire Transport, now established as an \'arms-length\' operator by the local authority, began operations. However, the company was not sold into privatisation immediately following deregulation, causing South Yorkshire to become the first former PTE to be issued an ultimatum to privatise or be broken up by the Department of Transport in 1989. South Yorkshire Transport was eventually sold in a management buyout in November 1993, following the relaxing of another ultimatum which stipulated that operators must be sold by the end of the year to retain the complete proceeds of their sale.
Throughout the late-1980s and early-1990s, South Yorkshire Transport faced serious competition from a number of independent operators and group subsidiaries in and around Sheffield. The most notorious of these included Sheffield Omnibus, Andrews and Yorkshire Terrier, which was founded by former SYT employees. Like many post-deregulation operators at the time, South Yorkshire Transport promptly began to operate midibuses in competition with these other independents in 1988, known as the \'Eager Beaver\' and \'Little Nipper\' services, initially operated using a mixed fleet of new and former Lincoln City Transport Reeve Burgess Beaver-bodied Renault 50 series minibuses. 240 of these Reeve Burgess/Dodge midibuses were acquired for these competing routes between 1987 and 1991 by South Yorkshire Transport. At its peak in 1992, 13 operators were running competing services in and around Sheffield, with up to 350 buses an hour entering the city centre.
South Yorkshire Transport eventually went on to acquire the business of some of their competitors, including Sheffield United Tours (SUT) and Sheafline, who subsequently became a merged subsidiary of the company following an aborted attempt three years prior before eventually having their operations absorbed into SYT. South Yorkshire\'s acquisitions, creating an operating area of 1.65% of the United Kingdom, had previously attracted the attention of the Office of Fair Trading and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission, with the company being referred to the House of Lords and the mergers of both SUT and Sheaf Line being ruled as against the public interest at the time.
However, competition between Andrews, Sheffield Omnibus and Yorkshire Terrier still remained. Yorkshire Terrier and Andrews was later purchased by Yorkshire Traction, who themselves were eventually purchased by the Stagecoach Group to become Stagecoach Yorkshire. Sheffield Omnibus, meanwhile, competed independently until 1995, managing to purchase fleets of Alexander PS types on Volvo chassis and Alexander-bodied Leyland Olympians on lease before it was merged into the Traction Group with Andrews.
South Yorkshire Transport began the process of branding its operations to \'Mainline\' in June 1989, adopting a predominantly yellow livery with regional identifiers for its Sheffield, Doncaster and Rotherham divisions initially as route branding. These regional identifiers were then dropped in 1992 and the Mainline name was adopted across the company in a £750,000 (`{{Inflation|UK|750,000|1992|fmt=eq|r=-3|cursign=£}}`{=mediawiki}) pre-privatisation publicity drive, with a new red and yellow livery combining the blue and silver elements of the Doncaster and Rotherham liveries being introduced to the bus fleet. On 7 June 1993, prior to South Yorkshire Transport\'s sale into privatisation, the company was renamed \'Mainline Group Ltd\'.
Mainline was eventually sold to FirstBus in 1998. The Stagecoach Group had purchased a 20% stake in the company in 1995, however the Office of Fair Trading ordered this stake to be divested from the group in January 1996. The 20% stake was acquired by FirstBus, who would later purchase the entirety of the company for £29.7 million (`{{Inflation|UK|29,700,000|1998|fmt=eq|r=-3|cursign=£}}`{=mediawiki}) in 1998. By 2000, a new group livery was introduced and the company was renamed First South Yorkshire, phasing out both the Mainline name and livery.
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# South Yorkshire Transport
## Operations
### Doncaster
Buses in Doncaster were based at two garages in the borough. The main depot was the former Doncaster Corporation garage on Leicester Avenue, close to Doncaster Racecourse, where an experimental trolleybus had been previously trialled before deregulation. A second, smaller garage was located on Bootham Lane in Dunscroft.
In the 1980s, a new workshop building was erected at the rear of the yard behind the Leicester Avenue garage. In the early 1990s, the main depot building was demolished and the land was sold. This made way for a new Wickes DIY store. The new workshop, yard and a small section of the old garage building, which contained a bus-wash facility, remained.
### Rotherham
Buses in Rotherham were based at a large garage on Midland Road, which was also home to the central engineering works of South Yorkshire Transport. In 1992, the Midland Road works were contracted to refurbish 220 of London Buses\' AEC Routemasters with new drivelines and interiors. Following the sale of the company to FirstBus, the Midland Road works were retained and later repurposed as the FirstGroup\'s Commercial Unit for the repainting and refurbishment of the group\'s buses. The Midland Road garage and FirstGroup\'s Commercial Unit closed in 2017, with demolition of the Midland Road site commencing in 2023 following the site\'s use as an armed police training facility and a COVID-19 mass testing centre.
### Sheffield
Buses in Sheffield were initially operated from five garages; East Bank, Greenland Road, Halfway, Herries Road and Leadmill. The latter two were closed by Mainline in 1994, while East Bank garage was closed in 1994 but later reopened in the same year and renamed Olive Grove.
### Ipswich
A newly privatised Mainline had planned to operate services in Ipswich in competition with local municipal bus operator Ipswich Buses in 1994. Ten Volvo B6s with Plaxton Pointer bodywork were purchased and planned to operate on routes run by Ipswich Buses to compete for passengers, intended to be based at a Volvo commercial dealership. However, Mainline soon decided not to commence services and pulled out of Ipswich, selling their operations and the ten Volvo B6s to Eastern Counties.
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# South Yorkshire Transport
## Fleet
An initial fleet of over 1,000 buses, including 321 Dennis Dominators, 274 Leyland Atlanteans and 176 Daimler Fleetlines, 170 MCW Metrobuses, as well as some Volvo Ailsas, Leyland Nationals and Leyland-DAB articulated buses were inherited from SYPTE. By the time of First\'s purchase of the company in 1998, this had been reduced to over 700 buses.
Prior to the acquisition of Mainline by FirstBus, the company had amassed a total of 180 Volvo B10M single-deck buses with Alexander PS type bodywork from 1990 to 1996. These were initially acquired to lower running costs and reduce vandalism, and by 1996, Mainline were the second-largest operator of the type in the United Kingdom, with only the Stagecoach Group operating more nationwide. Following comparative trials against a Dennis Dart with Northern Counties Paladin bodywork two years prior, Mainline also purchased 35 Volvo B6s with Plaxton Pointer bodywork, as well as a further 10 for the cancelled Ipswich operation.
The company acquired its first low-floor buses in January 1996, progressively entering service in the fleet throughout the year. These were eleven Wright Crusaders on the Volvo B6LE chassis. All but two of these were branded \'easiaccess\' buses and entered service on services connecting Sheffield city centre with Hillsborough. The latter two were branded for Goole town services contracted to Mainline by Humberside County Council
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# Common Law Wife
\"**Common Law Wife**\" is a song written by George Clinton and performed by the funk band Parliament. Recorded in 1972, it was released as a bonus track on the 2003 reissue of the album *Chocolate City*. The song\'s lyrics discuss a relationship recognised by the state but not officiated by a religious order.
The context of the album is discussion of life and politics in Washington D.C., United States.
\"Common Law Wife\" was also recorded by a female artist named Flo. Her version is featured on the George Clinton Family Series CD *Plush Funk*, which was released in 1992
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# Witmer Stone
**Witmer Stone** (September 22, 1866 -- May 24, 1939) was an American ornithologist, botanist, and mammalogist. He worked for over 51 years in the Ornithology Department at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and served in multiple roles including as Director from 1925 to 1928. Stone was a founding member of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club in 1890 and established their periodical *Cassinia*. He served as editor of the American Ornithologists\' Union\'s periodical *The Auk* from 1912 to 1936 and as president of the organization from 1920 to 1923. He was a member of multiple scientific societies and president of the American Society of Mammalogists and the Pennsylvania Audubon Society. He published several books and hundreds of articles on birds, flora, and mammals with a focus on Eastern Pennsylvania and South Jersey.
The Witmer Stone Wildlife Sanctuary in Cape May Point, New Jersey, was established in 1935 by the National Audubon Society and named in his honor. He was posthumously awarded the Brewster Medal by the American Ornithologists\' Union in 1939.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Stone was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 22, 1866, to Anne Eveline (née Witmer) and Frederick Dawson Stone. He was raised in the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia which bordered wooded areas and the Wingohocking Creek. Stone, along with his brother Frederick and neighborhood friends, loved to explore the woods and formed the "Wilson Natural Science Association", named in honor of the pioneering American ornithologist Alexander Wilson.
Stone graduated from Germantown Academy in 1883, and received an A.B. degree from the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, he worked for a brief time as an assistant in the library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. In March 1888, he was appointed a Jessup Fund Student at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and helped organize their extensive collection of birds. The academy established an ornithology department in 1891, the same year that Stone completed an A.M. degree at the University of Pennsylvania. Stone married Lillie May Lafferty on August 1, 1904; they had no children. He received an honorary ScD. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1913, and was presented with the Alumni Award of Merit in 1937.
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# Witmer Stone
## Career
Stone worked at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for over 51 years. He inherited an ornithological specimens collection that had not been cared for properly since the death of John Cassin in 1869. Stone led efforts to salvage the ornithological collections and others. Some specimens were historically valuable, including types described by pioneering ornithologists and mammalogists. The size of the academy\'s bird collection increased fivefold during Stone\'s tenure, from 26,000 specimens to 143,000.
Stone participated in hundreds of academy sponsored field expeditions to the Pine Barrens and coastal regions of New Jersey. He also participated in field expeditions to various locations including Arizona, Bermuda, Kentucky, Maryland, Mexico, Minnesota, and South Carolina.
From 1893 to 1908, he worked as Assistant Curator at the academy; Curator 1908--1918 and Executive Curator 1918--1925; Director 1925--1928; Curator of Vertebrates, 1918--1936; and lastly, three titles (with year of appointment) that Stone held at the time of his death: Vice President (1927), emeritus Director (1928), and Honorary Curator of Birds (1938). In regard to Stone\'s tenure at the academy, the zoologist John Percy Moore stated that, \"His life became so merged with that of the Academy that for many years it was difficult to think of them apart.\"
Stone was an original member of the Philadelphia Botanical Club. His focus was ornithology, but Stone also had a good knowledge of crustaceans, insects, mollusks, reptiles and the local flora. The Dutch botanist Frans Stafleu stated that \"Stone\'s concentration on ornithology was a definite loss for botany.\" Stone produced 20 botanical publications during his lifetime.
After a joint meeting of the Philadelphia and Torrey Botanical Clubs in Toms River, New Jersey, in early July 1900, Stone resolved to write a book on the flora of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Over the next decade Stone made hundreds of collecting trips to southern New Jersey. His research culminated in his publication of *The Plants of Southern New Jersey* in 1911. It has been described as "the only comprehensive floristic treatment for southern New Jersey and it continues to be used today \[2002\]."
Stone\'s first ornithology manuscript was "The Turkey Buzzard Breeding in Pennsylvania" published in *American Naturalist* in 1885. His first note in *The Auk* was ["A migration of hawks at Germantown, Pennsylvania"](http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044072188717;view=1up;seq=175) in 1887. Stone was a founding member of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club (DVOC) in 1890. His role at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia allowed for the DVOC to meet at the academy. He founded the DVOC publication *Cassinia* and published multiple scientific papers, club activities and memorials. He authored the DVOC\'s [*The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey*](http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002005710), published in 1894 and *Bird Studies at Old Cape* in 1937. He wrote [*The Birds of New Jersey, Their Nests and Eggs*](http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007924393), published in 1909 and hundreds of other ornithological papers.
Stone was elected an Associate of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) in 1885; a Fellow in 1892; and a member of the council in 1898. He served as chairman of the AOU Committee on Bird Protection 1896--1901; as a member (from 1901) and later as Chairman (1915--1931) of the AOU Committee on Classification and Nomenclature of North American Birds; and as editor of *The Auk* 1912--1936 (after editing the DVOC\'s Cassinia for ten years). Stone was vice-president of the AOU 1914--1920, and President 1920--1923. He chaired the committee which produced the 4th edition of the AOU checklist, published in 1931.
Stone was an honorary member of many ornithological and scientific societies including the Nuttall Ornithological Club, the Cooper Ornithological Club, and the Zoological Society of Philadelphia (Stone was also Director of the latter). He was awarded the Otto Hermann Medal of the Hungarian Ornithological Society in 1931 and was a member of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, the Advisory Committee of the National Audubon Society, and the American Philosophical Society. He was president of the Pennsylvania Audubon Society and of the American Society of Mammologists.
Stone\'s most enduring legacy is his *Bird Studies at Old Cape May*. 1,400 two-volume sets were originally published by the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club in 1937. This was an ornithological history of the New Jersey coast, with an emphasis on Cape May County, particularly the coastal areas. The bulk of the work consists of species accounts of all the birds that had been found in Cape May County at the time of the writing, with their historical occurrence in the state and notes on seasonality, habits, and behavior gleaned from Stone\'s notes and the records of fellow DVOC members. Stone dedicated *Bird Studies at Old Cape May* to his wife. Stone made frequent trips to Cape May, New Jersey, and it became his annual summer residence.
He died on May 23, 1939, and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.
## Legacy
In 1935, the National Audubon Society leased 25 acres of land in Cape May Point, New Jersey, for the creation of a wild life sanctuary and named it the Witmer Stone Wild Life Sanctuary in his honor. The location of the sanctuary is ideal for birding as it attracts migratory birds of the eastern seaboard looking for cover and food as they await favorable winds to cross the Delaware Bay. The sanctuary expanded to 1,000 acres, however in 1941, a magnesite factory for the production of fire brick needed to produce steel for the war effort was located in the middle of the sanctuary. The emissions from the factory damaged the flora and fauna of the sanctuary and the lease and sanctuary were abandoned in 1959. The former sanctuary is now part of Cape May Point State Park.
Stone was posthumously awarded the Brewster Medal by the American Ornithologists' Union in 1939.
In 1943, The Delaware Valley Ornithological Club established the Witmer Stone Award to recognize ornithological publications not conducted during professional duties.
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# Witmer Stone
## Publications
- *[The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey](https://www.google.com/books/edition/The%20Birds%20of%20Eastern%20Pennsylvania%20and%20Ne/la8zAQAAMAAJ)*, Philadelphia: Delaware Valley Ornithological Club, 1894
- *[American Animals - A Popular Guide to the Mammals of North America North of Mexico, With Intimate Biographies of the Most Familiar Species](https://www.google.com/books/edition/American%20Animals/sccGAAAAYAAJ)*, New York: Doubleday, Page and Company, 1904
- *[The Plants of Southern New Jersey; With Especial Reference to the Flora of the Pine Barrens and the Geographic Distribution of the Species](https://www.google.com/books/edition/%20/VYNAvgAACAAJ)*, Creative Media Partners LLC, 1911
- *[The Phylogenetic Value of Color Characters in Birds](https://www.google.com/books/edition/The%20Phylogenetic%20Value%20of%20Color%20Characte/95kaAAAAYAAJ)*, Philadelphia, 1912
- *[The Hawaiian Rat](https://www.google.com/books/edition/The%20Hawaiian%20Rat/CKNkHK2KIQoC)*, Honolulu, Hawaii: Bishop Museum Press, 1917
- *[Bird Studies at Old Cape May](https://www.google
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# Sanford USD Medical Center
**Sanford USD Medical Center** is a hospital operated by the Sanford Health system in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. It is classified as a Level I Trauma center. It was ranked as one of the 100 Great Hospitals in America by Becker\'s Hospital Review in 2017 and 2018.
Sanford University of South Dakota Medical Center is the largest tertiary hospital in South Dakota and it serves as the primary teaching institution for the Sanford School of Medicine, at the University of South Dakota. Sanford USD Medical Center is the largest employer in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, with approximately 7,300 staff. Sanford USD Medical Center is a part of an integrated health care system
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# Elfin Mallala
The **Elfin Mallala** was a sports racing car produced in 1962 and 1963 by Garrie Cooper\'s Elfin Sports Cars. It had a small run of only five cars. Its first race was at the Mallala Race Circuit which gave its name to the car. It has the historical distinction of being the first Australian built racing car to race in England.
## Cars
<table>
<caption><strong>Elfin Mallala chassis</strong></caption>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th></th>
<th><p>Chassis</p></th>
<th><p>Engine</p></th>
<th><p>Team</p></th>
<th><p>Owners / Drivers{{cite web</p></th>
<th><p>last = Lear</p></th>
<th><p>first = Brian</p></th>
<th><p>title = Elfin's Magic Mallala</p></th>
<th><p>url = <a href="http://forums.atlasf1.com/showthread.php?threadid=81956">http://forums.atlasf1.com/showthread.php?threadid=81956</a></p></th>
<th><p>access-date = 2007-03-16}}</p></th>
<th><p>Class</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;" width="30pt"><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>S6311</p></td>
<td><p>Ford 116E</p></td>
<td><p>Scuderia Veloce</p></td>
<td><p>David McKay<br />
Greg Cusack<br />
Denis Geary<br />
Leigh Bayley (1967- 1970<br />
Peter Goodwin (1970)</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;" width="30pt"><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>S6315</p></td>
<td><p>Ford Consul</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Brian Morrell<br />
<br />
Graeme Henderson</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;" width="30pt"><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>S6316</p></td>
<td><p>Climax 2.4 L</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Brian Thompson<br />
<br />
Graeme Wright</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;" width="30pt"><p>4</p></td>
<td><p>S6317</p></td>
<td><p>Lotus 1.6 L<br />
Climax 2.0 L<br />
Ford Cortina 1.1 L<br />
</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Greville Edgerton (1963)<br />
<br />
Charlie Occhipinti (1967)<br />
Steven O'Callaghan (1971)<br />
Murray Richards<br />
Brian Ax (1988)</p></td>
<td><p><br />
<br />
1100 cc Sports Car class</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;" width="30pt"><p>5</p></td>
<td><p>S6418</p></td>
<td><p><br />
<br />
Lotus 1.6 L</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Henri Leroux (South Africa)<br />
<br />
Stephen Knox (Aust)<br />
Shairon Beale (USA)</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
: **Elfin Mallala chassis**
## Technical specifications and features {#technical_specifications_and_features}
### Drivetrain
- mid mounted 4 cylinder, 1600 cc engine
- From 110.4 kW
- 5 speed gearbox
### Suspension
- Front: Tubular wishbones, coil/shock absorbers, 12.7 mm non-adjustable anti-roll bar
- Rear: Reversed lower wishbones, driveshaft top link, trailing radius arms
Exceptions were:
: chassis 6318: tubular top link, splined driveshaft
: chassis 6316: tubular top link, drive shafts with rubber doughnuts
### Brakes
- Front: 240 mm discs
- Rear: 216 mm drums
: The last three cars had discs on all four wheels.
### Wheels/Tyres
- 13\" wheels
### Construction
- Aluminium body panels, fiberglass nose and tail. (The first car aluminium nose and tail)
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# Ibrahima Sarr
**Ibrahima Moctar Sarr** (Serer: **Ibrayma Muxtaar Saar**; *إبراهيما مختار صار*; Pulaar: Ibrahima Muktar Saar; born in 1949) is a Mauritanian journalist and politician of Serer origin. His surname Sarr, being one of the classic Serer patronyms.
Running as an independent candidate, he placed fifth in the March 2007 presidential election, and he has been the President of the Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal (AJD/MR) party from August 2007 until January 2024.
After studying in Cesti, Senegal, Sarr trained as a teacher before working in insurance. He became politically active in 1972, being a co-founder member of the Mauritanian Workers Party. Increasingly active as a journalist, he appeared regularly on radio and television. In 1983 he was a co-founder of the African Liberation Forces of Mauritania (ex-FLAM; *Force pour la Liberation Africaine de Mauritanie*), and in 1986 he was a communication specialist with FLAM when they published the second edition of the *Manifesto of the oppressed black Mauritanian.* Following this anti-racist publication, which highlighted alleged \"racial practices\" by the Mauritanian Government, many black leaders were arrested and thrown to jail. Ibrahima Moctar Sarr was sentenced to four years in jail.
In 1989, after being released from jail, Sarr left and resigned from FLAM and ceased all his political activities until the democratization process was started in 1992 by President Maaouya Ould Sid\'Ahmed Taya. Sarr then joined the Popular Progressive Alliance (APP) under Messaoud Ould Boulkheir, becoming a leading member of the party. He later left the APP.
Sarr stood in the March 2007 presidential election on an anti-racist platform. In order to facilitate his candidacy, he founded the \"Movement for National Reconciliation\", although he stood as an independent. Claiming that \"I am the candidate of the oppressed\", he called for equal rights for Pulaar, Soninké and Wolof people alongside Moors, and the return of Mauritanian refugees from Senegal. Sarr came in fifth place with 7.95% of the vote in the election, and he backed Ahmed Ould Daddah for the second round.
Sarr\'s Movement for National Reconciliation subsequently merged with the Alliance for Justice and Democracy (AJD), and at an extraordinary congress to ratify the merger on August 18--19, Sarr was elected as the leader of the new party, the AJD/MR.
Sarr said on May 10, 2008, that the AJD/MR would not participate in the government of Prime Minister Yahya Ould Ahmed El Waghef due to many policy differences.
Following the August 2008 military coup, Sarr and the AJD/MR expressed support for the military junta, and Sarr announced on April 11, 2009, that he would be a candidate in the controversial June 2009 presidential election, which was being organized by the junta and which opposition parties were planning to boycott. Sarr then said that \"the conditions are there for a free poll\" and that Mauritania did not have democracy under Abdallahi\'s presidency. The Constitutional Court approved four candidacies, including Sarr\'s, on April 28
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# Dudley Richards
**Dudley \"Dud\" Shaw Richards** (February 4, 1932 -- February 15, 1961) was an American figure skater who competed in men\'s singles and pairs. In singles, he won the bronze medal at the 1953 United States Figure Skating Championships and finished sixth at that year\'s World Figure Skating Championships. In pairs, he once skated with future Olympic gold medalist Tenley Albright, before later teaming up with Maribel Owen. After winning the bronze medal at Nationals in 1958 and 1959, the pair captured the silver in 1960 and finished tenth at that year\'s Winter Olympic Games. In 1961, Owen and Richards won the gold medal at the U.S. Championships and finished second at the North American Figure Skating Championships.
As a skater, Richards was described as handsome, elegant and charismatic. At the time, ice skating had associations with wealth and privilege and male figure skaters wore formal attire and were seen as ballroom dancers on ice. Handsome Richards personified this ideal.
## Background
Richards was the son of Byron Richards Jr. and Ruth Ross Richards. He grew up in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, where he began skating on a local pond with other children in the neighborhood. He joined the Providence Figure Skating Club and began entering skating competitions at age nine. When he was eleven or twelve, he took the train to Boston to take lessons at the Skating Club of Boston. His drive to skate was innate and unprompted by his socially privileged family, who wondered why he was so interested in the sport.
He attended Providence Country Day School in Providence, Rhode Island, and graduated at seventeen. He then completed a post-graduate year at Belmont Hill School in Belmont, Massachusetts, where he was captain of the sailing team and led his team to victory as skipper of the sailboat in a sailing competition for students at schools in the Eastern United States. He was a longtime friend and former college roommate at Harvard University of Senator Ted Kennedy, with whom he enjoyed sailing during summers spent in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts when they were boys. Kennedy admired Richards\' discipline. Richards got up at 4:30 a.m. every morning to go to the skating rink for practice. When he was 17, Richards broke his neck diving off a pier while rough housing with other boys and spent five years recovering, though he resumed competitive skating with Albright as his partner the year after the accident.
Richards escorted Albright, who was three and a half years his junior, to a dance at Harvard when she was 14 and taught her how to drive. Their skating partnership ended abruptly when Richards \"hit a rut during a toss\" while they ran through a skating routine and Albright fell and lost consciousness. Albright\'s father refused to let her continue as a pairs skater and told Richards and Albright to focus on skating individually. Both Albright and Richards were later successful as singles skaters, but Richards preferred pairs skating.
Richards finished third in the men\'s singles division at a competition that determined which American skaters would compete at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway. Only the first and second place winners, James Grogan and Hayes Alan Jenkins, qualified to compete since Dick Button, the 1948 national champion, had already qualified for the Olympics. Richards lost his chance to compete at the 1952 Olympics, which had been one of his dreams. In 1953, after Button turned professional, Richards qualified to compete in the men\'s singles division at the world figure skating championships in Switzerland.
In May 1951, Ted Kennedy asked Richards to help him cheat on a Spanish exam by taking the exam for Kennedy. Richards refused to cheat and Kennedy persuaded another classmate to take the exam. Both Kennedy and the student he had persuaded to take the Spanish exam for him were caught and were asked to withdraw from Harvard, though they were told they could later reapply for admission. Richards graduated from Harvard, where he majored in history, in 1954 and then spent two years in the U.S. Army. He was stationed in Garmisch, West Germany and skated at a nightclub for \$50 per night. The Army also taught Richards how to help people defect. He was able to make arrangements for one or two people to defect during his time in the Army.
When he was discharged from the Army, he later worked as a real estate executive, first for Nordblom and then for Honeywell, which was located next to the Skating Club of Boston. He worked as a writer for the company. He continued pairs skating in his mid-twenties because he wanted to compete in the Olympics. Richards, a Republican, voted for Richard Nixon in the 1960 United States presidential election but could not resist John F. Kennedy\'s invitation to visit the Kennedy compound in Hyannis Port on election night on November 8, 1960. Richards also attended the opening of a skating rink at Hyannis Port that was sponsored by the Kennedy family.
Richards was friendly, kind, and made other people feel included. He was also attractive to beautiful women. On one Christmas Eve, Richards and his good friend, Ron Ludington, set up a Christmas tree at the Vinson-Owen household because they knew Maribel Vinson would not have made time to decorate for Christmas. Vinson, her mother and daughters enjoyed decorating the tree but left it standing until the following April, when Richards and Ludington returned to remove it because it had become a fire hazard. His relationship off the ice with Owen developed into a romance during their final months. Friends noted the way they held hands and how they gazed at one another. Richards\' sister said his family noticed the amount of time Richards spent with Owen and saw the romantic attraction between them, even though Owen was much younger than Richards. His sister believed that Richards and Owen would have retired from skating soon after the world competition if they had lived. Richards had just turned 29 and his family believed it was time for him to focus on things other than skating. Richards had planned to propose marriage to Owen after the World Championships in Prague.
Richards was en route to the world competition when the plane he was on, Sabena Flight 548, crashed near Brussels, Belgium, on the morning of February 15, 1961, killing all on board including the entire U.S. figure skating team. He was 29 at the time of his death.
After the crash, Richards was identified by the Saint Christopher medal he wore around his neck. His friend from Harvard, Fred Heller, who was in Europe at the time, recognized the medal he had given Richards after the baptism of one of his sons and which Richards always wore in recognition of the honor of becoming the godfather to Heller\'s sons. Richards was a Congregationalist.
A memorial service for Richards was held in Barrington, Rhode Island. He was interred at Swan Point Cemetery in Providence, Rhode Island.
## Legacy
In 1962, Richards\' brother, Ross Richards, established the Dudley Shaw Richards Memorial Award to help aspiring figure skaters at the Providence Figure Skating Club in Rhode Island. The Dudley S. Richards Memorial Ice Skating Rink opened in Providence in 1969 and remained open until 1979, when it was sold to United Skates of America, which operated roller skating rinks.
On January 28, 2011, Richards was inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame along with the entire 1961 World Team.
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# Dudley Richards
## Results
(men\'s singles)
Event 1951 1952 1953
--------------------- ------ ------ ------
World Championships 5th 5th 6th
U.S. Championships 3rd
(pairs with Maribel Owen)
Event 1958 1959 1960 1961
------------------------------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Winter Olympics 10th
World Championships 10th
North American Championships 2nd
U.S
| 48 |
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| 1 |
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# Battle of Boykin's Mill
The 1865 battle of **Boykin\'s Mill** was the site of the last Union officer killed in action during the American Civil War. It was also the location of the final battle on South Carolina soil.
## History
Brigadier General Edward E. Potter took command of the two Northern brigades---2700 men---recently landed at Georgetown. Colonel Edward N. Hallowell, former commander of the famed 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment and wounded at Fort Wagner, led one of the brigades including his former unit now consisting of over 700 men. Under orders to disable railroads in South Carolina, Potter\'s brigades were forced to contend with Kentucky\'s \"Orphan Brigade\" of mounted infantry from April 9 at Dingle\'s Mill through 18 April.
On April 18, 1865, Potter\'s troops met again with the Kentuckians in the quiet town of Boykin, South Carolina. The Confederates held a strong defensive position in an abandoned fort. Sergeant Major Joseph Thomas Wilson later wrote about this fort: \"No better position could be found for a defense, as the only approach to it, was by a narrow embankment about 200 yards long, where only one could walk at a time.\" The 54th Massachusetts was given the job and sustained two killed and thirteen wounded before Confederate troops, heavily outnumbered, ran from the field. The dead men were Private James P. Johnson of Company F, a barber 21 years of age from Owego, NY, and First Lieutenant E.L. Stevens, the latter being the last Federal officer killed in action during the war. Stevens was killed by 14-year-old Burrell H. Boykin, a member of the Confederate Home Guard whose family owned the land the Union troops were moving through.
Union troops pursued the fleeing Southerners unsuccessfully, and the mill was burned to the ground according to Major General William T. Sherman\'s \"Scorched Earth\" policy. The engagement proved to be the bloodiest battle of the campaign for the 54th which had had the highest casualty rate of the operation. However, the two opposing units (Potter\'s and the Kentuckians) continued to skirmish through April 19 at Dinkin\'s Mill where they fought the last major conflict of the Eastern Theater. The preliminary cessation of hostilities was announced to both sides two days later though Confederate General Johnston did not officially surrender until 26 April
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# Senderos de traición
***Senderos de traición*** (*Paths of Betrayal*) is the second studio album by the Spanish rock band Héroes del Silencio, released the December 4 1990. The album was especially successful in Spain and Germany. In August 1993, 750,000 copies had been sold worldwide, half of which were sales in Spain.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
- The Latin American release includes the song Héroe De Leyenda (originally released in the album El Mar No Cesa as the final track (track 11 in vinyl and track 13 in CD)), in track 7 between the songs Senda and Hechizo, but also excluding El Cuadro II
```{=html}
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```
- This edition was released in 1992, when the band carried out the tour in Latin America
```{=html}
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```
- In both the cassette and vinyl editions Héroe De Leyenda and El Cuadro II were excluded, leaving these editions with only 11 songs.
## Chart performance and certifications {#chart_performance_and_certifications}
Charts Peak position Certifications Sales
------------- --------------- ---------------------- ---------
Spain 1 3× Platinum 500,000
Germany 17 1× Gold, 1× Platinum
Switzerland 40 1× Gold, 1× Platinum
## Personnel
- Enrique Bunbury - vocalist
- Joaquin Cardiel - bass
- Juan Valdivia - guitar
- Pedro Andreu - drums
## Usage in media {#usage_in_media}
The songs \"Maldito duende\", \"Entre dos tierras\" and \"Hechizo\" were played in the 2017 Spanish horror film *Véronica*
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| 0 |
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# KFIN
**KFIN** is a commercial radio station located in Jonesboro, Arkansas, broadcasting on 107.9 FM. KFIN airs a country music format. KFIN is a 98,000 watt station, reaching listeners in all of Northeast Arkansas, as well as Southeast Missouri, Western Tennessee, and Western Mississippi.
The station was purchased in 2007 by Bobby Caldwell\'s East Arkansas Broadcasters from Clear Channel Communications.
Scott Siler has managed the station since May 2007.
KFIN is the flagship station for Arkansas\' Morning Show with Brandon & Kelly (starring Brandon Baxter & Kelly Perry).
KFIN is also the flagship station for the EAB Sports Network, Arkansas State Football, & Arkansas State Men\'s Basketball
| 108 |
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| 0 |
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# Jim McBride
**Jim McBride** (born September 16, 1941) is an American screenwriter, producer and director.
## Legacy
Richard Brody, writing for *The New Yorker*, named McBride as one of the twelve greatest living narrative filmmakers, citing *David Holzman\'s Diary* as a \"time capsule of sights and sounds, ideas and moods, politics and history\", and \"one of the greatest first films\", but noted that he only considered him one of the greatest for that specific film.
## Filmography
- *David Holzman\'s Diary* (1967)
- *My Girlfriend\'s Wedding* (1969)
- *Pictures from Life\'s Other Side* (1971)
- *Glen and Randa* (1971)
- *Hot Times* (1974)
- *Breathless* (1983)
- *The Big Easy* (1986)
- *Great Balls of Fire!* (1989)
- *Uncovered* (1994)
**Television**
- *The Twilight Zone* (1986)
- *The Wonder Years* (1990--1991)
- *Blood Ties* (1991)
- *The Wrong Man* (1993)
- *Fallen Angels* (1995) -- Episode \"Fearless\" (1995)
- *Pronto* (1997)
- *The Informant* (1997)
- *Dead by Midnight* (1997)
- *To Hell and Back* (2000)
- *Six Feet Under* (2001)
## Awards
**Wins**
- Mannheim-Heidelberg International Filmfestival: Grand Prize; for *David Holzman\'s Diary*; 1967.
- Cognac Festival du Film Policier: *Grand Prix*; for *The Big Easy*; 1987.
**Nominations**
- Independent Spirit Awards: Independent Spirit Award; Best Director, for *The Big Easy* 1988.
- Venice Film Festival: Golden Lion; for *The Informant*; 1997
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| 0 |
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# March West
thumb\|upright=1.2\|Mounted policeman in 1874, depicted by Henri Julien The **March West** was the initial journey of the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) to the Canadian prairies, made between July 8 and October 9, 1874.
It was the result of the force being deployed to what is now southern Alberta in response to the Cypress Hills Massacre and subsequent fears of a US military intervention. Their ill-planned and arduous journey of nearly 900 mi became known as the \"March West\" and was later portrayed by the force as an epic journey of endurance.
## Background
Sir John A. Macdonald obtained approval for his new force on May 23, 1873, after the Parliament passed the Mounted Police Act into law with little debate and no opposition. At this point, Macdonald appears to have intended to create a force of mounted police to watch \"the frontier from Manitoba to the foot of the Rocky Mountains\", probably with its headquarters in Winnipeg. He was heavily influenced by the model of the Royal Irish Constabulary, which combined aspects of a traditional military unit with the judicial functions of the magistrates\' courts, and believed that the new force should be able to provide a local system of government in otherwise ungoverned areas. Macdonald had originally also wanted to form units of Métis policemen, commanded by white Canadian officers in a similar manner to the British Indian Army, but he was forced to abandon this approach after the Red River Rebellion of 1870 called their loyalty into question.
In June 1873, around 30 Assiniboines were killed in the Cypress Hills Massacre, creating a national furore. In response, Macdonald used a privy council Order-in-Council to implement the new legislation, formally creating the NWMP with the intention of mobilizing the force and deploying it early the next year. A report then arrived from Alexander Morris, the Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories, blaming the massacre on the activities of whisky traders at Fort Whoop-Up; Morris predicted that if action was not taken immediately, there would be a major uprising by the First Nations across the region, into which the United States might choose to intervene. Macdonald was not entirely convinced by the governor\'s analysis, but nonetheless he agreed to recruit 150 men and send them west to Lower Fort Garry before winter weather blocked the route.
Macdonald\'s Conservative government then fell from power over the Pacific Scandal and was replaced on November 7, 1873, by the Liberal administration of Alexander Mackenzie, who placed more credence on Morris\'s reports and had his own moral concerns about the whisky trade. These worries were amplified by calls from Washington for Ottawa to secure the frontier and so prevent American Indians from purchasing whisky in Canada. Mackenzie initially suggested sending a joint Canadian-United States military expedition, but, after Governor General Lord Dufferin and others noted the serious implications of inviting the US Army to deploy into Canadian territory, he instead agreed to deploy the new mounted police to carry out the operation. Another 150 men were recruited in eastern Canada and sent west by railway and river boat through the United States to rendezvous with the first part of the force at Fort Dufferin.
## Deployment
The force was given orders to proceed to Fort Edmonton in order to resolve problems around Fort Whoop-Up, before then dispersing to various posts stretching westwards across the territories. From Fort Dufferin, one option was to trace the southern line of the frontier, following a well-established trail created two years before by the British and United States Boundary Commission. Morris disagreed with this approach, arguing that it might encourage an attack by the Sioux, and encouraged the NWMP to take a more northerly route. Colonel George French finally agreed with Morris that the expedition would initially follow the trail, but would then steer away from the border and Sioux territory.
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| 0 |
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# March West
## The march {#the_march}
The NWMP finally left Fort Dufferin on July 8, 1874. The 275-strong expedition was divided into six divisions, labelled A to F, supported by 310 horses, 143 draught oxen, and 187 Red River carts and wagons, stretching out at least 1.5 mi along the track. The force took two field guns and two mortars for protection, cattle to use as food, and mowing machines for making hay. French had negotiated with the *Canadian Illustrated News* that the expedition be accompanied by Henri Julien, a journalist who the commissioner hoped would write a positive account of the new force. The teams made only 15 mi a day at most, travelling under unpleasant and arduous conditions, made more difficult by the NWMP teamsters having little experience and the horses being unsuitable for draught work. On July 29, the badly depleted A Division, including those men suffering from dysentery, was left behind as the main force turned off the southerly trail to travel across the much drier and rougher plains a bit to the north.
On August 1, the so-called Second Patrol split off of the main body of Mounties to go northwest to Edmonton. Superintendent W.D. Jarvis, Inspector Gagnon and 20 men escorted 60 horses and 160 cows, calves and oxen to Edmonton. They followed the north bank of the North Saskatchewan River. Horses were so exhausted they were standing only with the help of the policemen. By then it was October so snow and sleet often drenched the men and animals. Many horses and cows had to be left behind or died on the journey. By October 28, Horse Hills (in present-day northeast Edmonton) was reached, but the weather was freezing cold and the horses were stiff and suffered terribly on the iron-hard trail. One wagon made it into Edmonton that same day and sent back barley to give the remaining horses\' strength, but it was four days before the last of the trekkers made it into Edmonton.
The trip was just as rough for the main body, proceeding across the southern Canadian prairies. Food began to run out and, due to the expedition having failed to bring any water bottles, the men had no option but to drink contaminated local water. Another detachment of the sicker men and livestock were left behind at Old Wives Lake. On August 24 the expedition reached the Cypress Hills, where the weather turned wet and cold, and the expedition\'s horses began to die.
French had thought Fort Whoop-Up would be found at the junction of the Bow and Oldman rivers, where the South Saskatchewan River begins, but when they arrived on 10 September there was nothing there, as the fort was in fact about 75 miles (120 kilometres) away. The NWMP had expected the area to contain good grazing for their horses but it was barren and treeless. French described it as \"little better than a desert\" and his men were reduced to drinking muddy water gathered from marshland. Having sent out search parties with no success, the expedition now faced the total loss of their horses and imminent starvation.
French abandoned the plan to move further towards Whoop-Up and instead travelled 70 miles (110 kilometres) south towards the Sweet Grass Hills, close to the border, where supplies could be bought from suppliers in the United States. Yet more horses died from the cold and hunger and many of the men were barefoot and in rags when they arrived, having travelled a total of nearly 900 mi.
After resupplying, French sent divisions D and E back east, before taking B, C and F to travel to Fort Whoop-Up in October 1874.
The expedition had been badly planned and executed, and almost failed. One historian described it as \"a monumental fiasco of poor planning, ignorance, incompetence, and cruelty to men and beasts\".
## Conclusion
When the police arrived at Fort Whoop-Up on October 9, they were prepared for a battle, but the whisky traders were aware that they were coming and had long since moved on. The NWMP had received new orders from Ottawa to garrison the area and settled down to build Fort Macleod on an island in Oldman River.
| 703 |
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| 1 |
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# March West
## Legacy
Early historians of the force stressed the epic nature of the expedition. The popular historian Arthur Haydon, for example, scorned the newspaper accounts which blamed the officers and men as \"incapable\", \"inexperienced\" and \"careless\", arguing that the march was \"truly one of the most extraordinary on record\", of which \"all Canadians might well feel proud. By 1955, however, the historian Paul Sharp had suggested that the March West almost failed due to \"misinformation, inexperience and ignorance\" and criticism of the force\'s performance intensified after 1973. Ronald Atkin concludes that the expedition was \"epic in its lack of organisation, in the poor way in which it was conducted and its incredibly close brush with disaster\", Daniel Francis condemns it as \"a fiasco of bad planning\", with R. C. Macleod observing that \"the difficulties of the Long March\...were largely self-inflicted\". Nonetheless, it rapidly became portrayed by the force as an epic story of bravery, endurance and determination
| 160 |
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| 2 |
10,082,351 |
# Electoral district of The Hastings (New South Wales)
**Hastings** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1859 to 1880. It was abolished in 1880 as part of the first major redistribution since 1858, replaced by Hastings and Manning from 1880 to 1894, which elected two members with voters casting two votes and the two leading candidates being elected. In 1894 it was divided between the single-member electoral district of Hastings and Macleay and Manning. In 1920 proportional representation was introduced and Hastings and Macleay was absorbed into the new four-member district of Oxley. The electorate was named after the Hastings, the alluvial valleys of which contained most of its population
| 121 |
Electoral district of The Hastings (New South Wales)
| 0 |
10,082,407 |
# Arcellinida
Arcellinid testate amoebae or **Arcellinida**, **Arcellacean** or **lobose testate amoebae** are single-celled protists partially enclosed in a simple test (shell).
Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water. They use their pseudopodia, a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed to reproduce asexually via binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae.
## Morphology
thumb\|left\|upright=2\|`{{center|'''Representation of an arcellinid'''}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ordered list|Test, cemented sand, diatom frustules|[[Contractile vacuole]], regulates the quantity of water inside a cell|[[Mitochondria|Mitochondrion]]; creates [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] (energy) for the cell (flat cristae)|Nucleolus|[[Golgi apparatus]], packages proteins|[[Endoplasmic reticulum]], the transport network for molecules going to specific parts of the cell|[[Food vacuole|Digestive Vacuole]]|[[Lysosome]], holds enzymes|[[Phagosome]], vesicle formed around a particle (prey not to scale)|[[Xenosome]], bacterium living inside cytoplasm|Vesicles|[[Pseudopodia|Lobopodia]], a pseudopod or arm-like projection made of cytoplasm|Prey (not to scale)}}`{=mediawiki} Arcellinida always have a shell or test. The tests lie outside the cell membrane and consist of organic or mineral materials that are either secreted or incorporate external particles. The test has a single main opening.
Simple tests are made by secretion (autogenous tests), agglutination of foreign material (xenogenous tests), or sometimes a combination of both. Past environmental changes can be determined by analysing the composition of fossil tests, including the reconstruction of past climate change. Testate amoebae species have been used to reconstruct hydrological changes over the late Holocene, as a result of individual species possessing a narrow tolerance for ecohydrological conditions such as water-table depth or pH.
## Evolutionary history {#evolutionary_history}
Fossils of arcellinid testate amoebae date back to the Tonian stage of the Proterozoic, around 789-759 million years ago. The fossils indicate that by 730 million years ago, arcellinids had already diversified into major lineages.
Testate amoebae are theorized to be mostly polyphyletic (coming from more than one ancestral type), but testaceafilosea, one group of testate amoebae, are theorized to be monophyletic. Ancient tests of terrestrial fauna are commonly found in fossilized amber, although mid-Cretaceous testate amoeba (i.e., *Difflugia*, *Cucurbitella*) have been found in ancient lake sediments. It is likely that the group has evolved minimally over the course of the Phanerozoic.
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| 0 |
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# Arcellinida
## Classification
The classification of Arcellinida, as of 2019:
- Suborder Phryganellina Bovee 1985
- Family Phryganellidae Jung 1942
- *Phryganella* Penard 1902
- Family Cryptodifflugiidae Jung 1942
- ?*Prantlitina* Vasicek & Ruzicka 1957
- ?*Pseudocucurbitella* Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1960
- ?*Pseudowailesella* Sudzuki 1979
- *Cryptodifflugia* Penard 1890 \[*Difflugiella* Cash 1904; *Geococcus* Francé 1913 non Green 1902\]
- *Meisterfeldia* Bobrov 2016
- *Wailesella* Deflandre 1928
- Suborder Organoconcha Lahr et al. 2019
- Family Microchlamyiidae Ogden 1985
- *Microchlamys* Cockerell 1911 \[*Pseudochlamys* Claparede & Lachmann 1859 non Lacordaire 1848 non Comas 1977\]
- *Pyxidicula* Ehrenberg 1838 non Ehrenberg 1834 non Strelnikova & Nikolajev 1986
- *Spumochlamys* Kudryavtsev & Hausmann 2007
- Suborder Glutinoconcha Lahr et al. 2019
- Infraorder Volnustoma Lahr et al. 2019
- Family Heleoperidae Jung 1942
- *Awerintzewia* Schouteden 1906
- *Heleopera* Leidy 1879
- Infraorder Hyalospheniformes Lahr et al. 2019
- Family Hyalospheniidae Schulze, 1977 \[Nebelidae Taranek 1882\]
- ?*Apolimia* Korganova 1987
- ?*Deflandria* Jung 1942
- ?*Heleoporella* Couteaux 1978
- ?*Leidyella* Jung 1942
- ?*Metaheleopera* Bartos 1954
- ?*Marsipos* Medioli et al. 1990
- ?*Paranebela* Jung 1942
- ?*Penardiella* Kahl 1930
- ?*Pseudogeamphorella* Décloitre 1964 nomen nudum
- ?*Pseudohyalosphenia* Stepanek 1967 nomen nudum
- ?*Pterygia* Jung 1942 non Roeding 1798 non Link 1807 non Laporte 1832
- ?*Schaudinnia* Jung 1942 non Schulze 1900
- ?*Umbonaria* Jung 1942
- *Alabasta* Duckert et al. 2018
- *Alocodera* Jung 1942a
- *Apodera* Loeblich & Tappan 1961
- *Certesella* Loeblich & Tappan 1961
- *Cornutheca* Kosakyan et al. 2016
- *Gibbocarina* Kosakyan et al. 2016
- *Hyalosphenia* Stein 1859
- *Longinebela* Kosakyan et al. 2016
- *Mrabella* Kosakyan et al. 2016
- *Nebela* Leidy 1875
- *Padaungiella* Lara & Todorov 2012
- *Planocarina* Kosakyan et al. 2016
- *Porosia* Jung 1942
- *Quadrulella* Cockerell 1909 \[*Quadrula* Schulze 1875 non Rafinesque 1820\]
- Infraorder Excentrostoma Lahr et al. 2019
- ?*Centropyxiella* Valkanov 1970
- ?*Oopyxis* Jung 1942
- Family Centropyxidae
- *Armipyxis* Dekhtiar 2009
- *Centropyxis* Stein 1857 \[*Echinopyxis* Claparede & Lachmann 1859 non Pantocsek 1913; *Collaripyxidia* Zivkovic 1975; *Toquepyxis* Laminger 1971\]
- *Conicocassis* Nasser & Patterson 2015
- *Proplagiopyxis* Schönborn 1964
- Family Plagiopyxidae
- *Bullinularia* Deflandre 1953 \[*Bullinula* Penard 1911\]
- *Geoplagiopyxis* Chardez 1961
- *Hoogenraadia* GauthierLievre & Thomas 1958
- *Paracentropyxis* Bonnet 1960
- *Plagiopyxis* Penard 1910
- *Planhoogenraadia* Bonnet 1977
- *Protoplagiopyxis* Bonnet 1962
- Infraorder Longithecina Lahr et al. 2019
- Family Lesquereusiidae \[Paraquadrulidae Deflandre 1953\]
- *Fabalesquereusia* Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
- *Lesquereusia* Schlumberger 1845
- *Microquadrula* Golemansky 1968
- *Paraquadrula* Deflandre 1932
- *Pomoriella* Golemansky 1970
- Family Difflugiidae Wallich 1864
- ?*Lagenodifflugia* Medioli & Scott 1983
- ?*Maghrebia* Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1958
- ?*Pentagonina* Bovee & Jahn 1974 \[*Pentagonia* Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1958 non Cozzens 1846; *Falsidifflugia* Haman 1988\]
- ?*Pseudopontigulasia* Oye 1956
- ?*Sexangularia* Awerintzew 1906
- ?*Suiadifflugia* Green 1975
- ?*Zivkovicia* Ogden 1987
- *Armatodifflugia* Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
- *Difflugia* Leclere 1815 ex Lamarck 1816
- *Mediolus* Patterson 2014
- *Nabranella* Snegovaya & Alekperov 2009
- *Pelecyamoeba* Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
- *Pontigulasia* Rhumbler 1895
- *Pseudonebela* Gauthier-Lievre 1954 non Schönborn 1964
- Infraorder Sphaerothecina Kosakyan et al. 2016
- ?*Cornuapyxis* Couteaux & Chardez 1981
- ?*Cucurbitella* Penard 1902 non Walpers 1846
- ?*Ellipsopyxella* Bonnet 1975
- ?*Ellipsopyxis* Bonnet 1965
- ?*Protocucurbitella* Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1960 non Naumov
- Family Distomatopyxidae Bonnet 1970
- *Distomatopyxis* Bonnet 1970
- Family Lamtopyxidae Bonnet 1974
- *Lamtopyxis* Bonnet 1974
- Family Netzeliidae Kosakyan et al. 2016 \[Cyclopyxidae Schönborn 1989\]
- *Cyclopyxis* Bonnet 1953
- *Netzelia* Ogden 1979
- Family Arcellidae Ehrenberg 1832
- *Antarcella* Ehrenberg 1838
- *Arcella* Deflandre 1928 \[*Arcellina* Carter 1856 non DuPlessis 1876 non Haeckel 1894; *Cyphidium* Ehrenberg 1837 non Magnus 1875; *Leptocystis* Playfair 1918\]
- Trigonopyxidae Loeblich 1964
- *Geopyxella* Bonnet & Thomas 1955
- *Trigonopyxis* Penard 1912
Arcellinida incertae sedis:
- *Argynnia* Vucetich, 1974
- *Awerintzewia* Schouteden, 1906
- *Geamphorella* Bonnet, 1959
- *Jungia* Loeblich & Tappan 1961
- *Lagenodifflugia* Medioli & Scott, 1983
- *Lamtoquadrula* Bonnet 1975
- *Leptochlamys* West 1901
- *Maghrebia* Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas, 1960
- *Ochros* Medioli et al. 1990
- †*Palaeoleptochlamys* Strullu-Derrien et al. 2019
- *Physochila* Jung 1942
- *Pseudawerintzewia* Bonnet 1959
- *Sacculus* Medioli et al
| 698 |
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| 1 |
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# In Medias Res (Krypteria album)
***In Medias Res*** is a studio album by the German symphonic metal band Krypteria, released in 2005. The album was released as an enhanced CD, which includes two video tracks: \"Victoriam Speramus\", \"Get the Hell Out of My Way\".
The album name (Latin for *Into the middle of things*) reflects the fact, that the band considers *In Medias Res* their first album, while the band has worked together as Krypteria since 2001.
*In Medias Res* peaked at position 66 on the German albums chart and at position 86 in Austria.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Credits
- Ji-In Cho -- vocals, piano
- Christoph Siemons -- guitars, keyboards
- Frank Stumvoll -- bass, backing vocals
- S.C
| 123 |
In Medias Res (Krypteria album)
| 0 |
10,082,451 |
# Marilyn Meeker
**Marilyn Meeker** (born February 16, 1942) is an American former ice dancer. With partner Larry Pierce, she captured the junior title at the 1959 U.S. Championships. Competing on the senior level the following year, they won the silver medal at the 1960 U.S. Championships and placed fifth at the 1960 World Championships.
Meeker broke her ankle in training in December 1960, six weeks before the 1961 U.S. Championships. Pierce joined forces with Diane Sherbloom and won the gold medal at Nationals. Pierce and Sherbloom were killed, along with the rest of the U.S. Figure Skating team, when their plane (Sabena Flight 548) crashed near Brussels, Belgium on the way to the World Championships.
As of March 2025, Marilyn (Meeker) Durham resides in New Braunfels, Texas with her husband of 63 years, John. They have two adult children, Diana and Mark, and two 32-year-old granddaughters Sarah and Sterling. Durham attended the 2011 National Championships in Greensboro, South Carolina, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 1961 World Team disaster. She stated that she finally found closure at this event, which she attended at the insistence of her close friend Sandy Schwomeyer Lamb.
She and Larry Pierce both attended Broad Ripple High School. Upon graduation, she attended Indiana University.
## Results
(with Larry Pierce)
Event 1959 1960
--------------------- -------- ------
World Championships 5th
U.S. Championships 1st J
| 228 |
Marilyn Meeker
| 0 |
10,082,476 |
# Senda '91
***Senda \'91*** is a live album by the Spanish rock band Héroes del Silencio. It was released after the \"Tour Senda\" tour, which highlighted music from their new album *Senderos de Traición*, songs from *El Mar no Cesa*, as well as new songs that wouldn\'t be released until their 1998 album Rarezas. The tour would last until October 1992 and would take a hiatus. The songs were recorded at a concert in Madrid, Spain.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Hace tiempo\" - 4:47
2. \"Maldito duende\" - 5:05
3. \"Decadencia\" - 8:02
4. \"Con nombre de guerra\" - 4:20
5. \"Oración\" - 4:10
6. \"El mar no cesa\" - 3:10
7. \"El cuadro III\" - 2:53
8
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| 0 |
10,082,501 |
# Genjiro Arato
was a Japanese film producer, actor and director.
## Career
In 1980, Arato produced *Zigeunerweisen* for director Seijun Suzuki. He was unable to secure exhibitors for the film and famously exhibited it himself in a specially-built, inflatable, mobile tent. The film won four Japanese Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and was voted the best Japanese film of the 1980s by Japanese critics. He also produced Tatsushi Ōmori\'s *The Whispering of the Gods* in 2005.
In 1995, Arato directed *The Girl of the Silence*, which stars Mami Nakamura and Kaori Momoi. He returned with the 2003 film, *Akame 48 Waterfalls*, starring Takijirō Ōnishi, Michiyo Okusu and Shinobu Terajima. His 2010 film, *The Fallen Angel*, starred Toma Ikuta.
He died of ischemic heart disease on 7 November 2016 at the age of 70
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| 0 |
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# Geosign
**Geosign**, based out of Guelph, Ontario was an Internet media company focused on online publishing and targeted search.
## History
Geosign owned over 180 websites in 20 different categories. Geosign claimed to receive over 35 million unique visitors to its collection of sites every month. Some of Geosign's notable sites included [GizmoCafe.com](http://gizmocafe.com), [ThinkFashion.com](http://thinkfashion.com), [TheRenewablePlanet.com](http://therenewableplanet.com). Tim Nye was Geosign's Chairman and founder.
In March 2007, American Capital Strategies invested \$160 million in Geosign.
In November 2007, the company\'s assets were reportedly divided between Moxy Media, a wholly owned subsidiary of American Capital Strategies, and eMedia Interactive Inc., controlled by Tim Nye
| 102 |
Geosign
| 0 |
10,082,509 |
# Ian Snook
**Ian Robert Snook** (born 7 May 1950) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played for Central Districts between 1972 and 1988.
Snook was born in Dunedin. He scored his maiden first-class century in his last first-class match in 1987--88, when he captained Central Districts. He captained the New Zealand Under-23 cricket team in their annual first-class match in February 1972. He also played for Taranaki and Wairarapa in the Hawke Cup between 1968 and 1989, captaining Taranaki to the title in 1983--84 and 1987--88. In October 2024 he was awarded life membership of the Taranaki Cricket Association for his contribution to the game in the Taranaki region as player, coach and administrator.
Snook holds the unusual record for the most runs conceded by a bowler in a one-over spell in first-class cricket. Playing for Central Districts against the touring England team at Palmerston North during the 1983--84 season, Snook\'s only over cost 32 runs, courtesy of some big hitting by Ian Botham.
Snook was also a talented rugby player, representing Taranaki at first five, and then Wairarapa Bush, in the late 1970s. He has coached Clifton\'s Senior A side in the Taranaki club rugby competition and later coached Francis Douglas Memorial College\'s 1st XV along with former Taranaki hooker Shane MacDonald. Snook wrote a weekly sports column in the *Taranaki Daily News* until December 2017
| 229 |
Ian Snook
| 0 |
10,082,539 |
# Gunzo Prize for New Writers
The `{{nihongo|'''Gunzo New Writers' Prize'''|群像新人文学賞|Gunzō Shinjin Bungakushō}}`{=mediawiki} is an annual literary prize awarded by Japanese literary magazine *Gunzo*, published by Kodansha. It was established in 1958 with two categories, one for novels and one for commentary. Starting in 2015, the criticism category was separated out and renamed the Gunzo Prize for New Criticism (群像新人評論賞).
According to submission rules, novels submitted must be between 250 and 500 pages, while commentary must be no more than 100 pages (raised from 50 pages in 2003). The winning writer receives a prize of 500,000 yen, with the winning work being published in the June edition of *Gunzo*.
## List of winners {#list_of_winners}
### Novels
Year Author Japanese title Rōmaji English
------ -------------------------------------- -------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
1958 No winner selected
1959 No winner selected
1960 Tamako Koga 魔笛 *Mateki* *The Magic Flute*
1961 No winner selected
1962 Kei Nishihara 日蝕 *Nisshoku* *Solar Eclipse*
1963 Ryūichi Fumisawa 重い車 *Omoi Kuruma*
1964 Michiko Miyoshi どくだみ *Dokudami* *Chameleon plant*
1965 Tōru Kurobe 砂の関係 *Sunano Kankei*
1966 No winner selected
1967 Hirotoshi Kondō 骨 *Hone*
1968 Minako Ōba 三匹の蟹 *Sanpiki no Kani* *Three Crabs*
1969 Lee Hoesung またふたたびの道 *Mata Futatabi no Michi* *The Same Road Again*
1970 Kōsuke Katsuki 出発の周辺 *Shuppatsu no Shuuhen*
1971 Miyoko Kobayashi 髪の花 *Kami no Hana* *Hair Flowers*
Yoshitaka Hirokawa チョーク *Chōku* *Chalk*
1972 No winner selected
1973 No winner selected
1974 Akira Iida 迪子とその夫 *Michiko to sono otto*
Hitoshi Morimoto 或る回復 *Aru Kaifuku* *Recovery*
Michitsuna Takahashi 退屈しのぎ *Taikutsushinosugi* *Killing Time*
1975 Kyōko Hayashi 祭りの場 *Matsuri no ba* *Festival Site*
1976 Ryū Murakami 限りなく透明に近いブルー *Kagirinaku Tōmeini Chikai Burū* *Almost Transparent Blue*
1977 No winner selected
1978 Ryōsuke Obata 永遠に一日 *Eien ni Ichinichi* *Forever One Day*
Kei Nakazawa 海を感じる時 *Umi wo Kanjiru Toki* *When You Feel The Sea*
1979 Haruki Murakami 風の歌を聴け *Kaze no Utawo Kike* *Hear the Wind Sing*
1980 Taku Hasegawa 昼と夜 *Hiru to Yoru* *Day and Night*
1981 Yoriko Shōno 極楽 *Gokuraku* *Paradise*
1982 No winner selected
1983 Naoyuki Ii 草のかんむり *Kusa no Kanmuri* *A Crown of Grass*
1984 Fumiko Hanagi ダミアンズ、私の獲物 *Damianzu, Watashi no Emono* *Damiens, My Prey*
1985 李起昇 ゼロはん *Zerohan*
Haruhiko Yoshimeki ジパング *Jipangu* *Cipangu*
1986 Chihiro Arai 復活祭のためのレクイエム *Fukkatsusai no Tame no Rekuiemu* *Requiem for Easter*
1987 Yōko Shimoi あなたについて わたしについて *Anata ni tsuite Watashi ni tsuite* *About You, About Me*
Takayuki Suzuki ポートレイト・イン・ナンバー *Pōtoreito In Nanbā* *Portrait in Number*
1988 石田邦男 アルチュール・エリソンの素描 *Aruchūru Erison no Sobyō* *Arthur Ellison\'s Drawings*
1989 No winner selected
1990 Wataru Takano コンビニエンスロゴス *Konbiniensu Rogosu* *Convenience Logos*
1991 Yoko Tawada かかとを失くして *Kakato wo Nakushite* *Losing My Heel*
1992 No winner selected
1993 No winner selected
1994 Kazushige Abe 生ける屍の夜 *Ikeru Shikabane no Yoru* *Night of the Living Dead*
1995 No winner selected
1996 No winner selected
Excellence Mention Sonoe Dōgaki 足下の土 *Ashimoto no Tsuchi* *The Earth Under Your Feet*
1997 Yoshihisa Okazaki 秒速 10 センチの越冬 *Byōsoku Jū Senchi no Ettō* *Passing the Winter at 10 Centimetres per Second*
1998 No winner selected
Excellence Mention Tetsuya Kamada 水のはじまり *Mizu no Hajimari* *The Start of the Water*
1999 No winner selected
2000 Hajime Yokota (世界記録) *(Sekai Kiroku)* *(World Record)*
Excellence Mention Yūji Nakai フリースタイルのいろんな話 *Furīstairu no Ironna Hanashi* *Various Freestyle Chats*
2001 Tōru Hagiwara 蚤の心臓ファンクラブ *Nomi no Shinzō Fankurabu* *Flea Heart Fan Club*
Excellence Mention Rio Shimamoto シルエット *Shiruetto* *Silhouette*
2002 Tomoki Teramura 死せる魂の幻想、 *Shiseru Tamashī no Gensō* *Visions of Dead Souls*
Daisuke Hayakawa ジャイロ！ *Jairo!* *Gyro!*
2003 Ken Mori 火薬と愛の星 *Kayaku to Ai no Hoshi* *Gunpowder and the Star of Love*
Excellence Mention Sayaka Murata 授乳 *Junyū* *Breastfeeding*
Excellence Mention Aya Wakisaka 鼠と肋骨 *Nezumi to rokkotsu* *Mice and ribs*
2004 Mika Jūmonji 狐寝入夢虜 *Kitsune ne nyū yume toriko*
Excellence Mention Norikazu Satō サージウスの死神 *Sājiusu no Shinigami* *Sarzius the Reaper*
2005 Naoya Higuchi さよなら アメリカ *Sayonara Amerika* *Goodbye, America*
Excellence Mention Anne Mochizuki グルメな女と優しい男 *Gurumena Onna to Yasashii Otoko* *The Gourmet Women and the Kind Man*
2006 Furukuri Kinoshita 無限のしもべ *Mugen no Shimobe* *The Endless Subordinate*
Asuka Asahina 憂鬱なハスビーン *Yūutsuna Hasubīn* *Depressed Has-been*
Excellence Mention Nozomi Fukatsu 煙幕 *Enmaku* *Smokescreen*
2008 Yoriko Matsuo 子守唄しか聞こえない *Komori-uta Shika Kikoenai* *All I Can Hear Is a Lullaby*
2009 Daisuke Maruoka カメレオン狂のための戦争学習帳 *Kamereon-kyō no Tame no Sensō Gakushū-chō* *A War Study Guide for Chamaeleon Enthusiasts*
2010 Keita Asakawa 朝が止まる *Asa ga Tomaru* *The Morning Halts*
Yosuke Nomizu 後悔さきにたたず *Kōkai Saki ni Tatazu* *Don\'t Cry Over Spilt Milk*
2011 Naoko Nakano 美しい私の顔 *Utsukushī Watashi no Kao* *My Beautiful Face*
2012 Manabu Okamoto 架空列車、 *Kakū Ressha* *Aerial Train*
Excellence Mention Chioru Katase 泡をたたき割る人魚は *Awa o Tataki Waru Ningyo wa* *The Mermaid Who Breaks the Bubbles*
Excellence Mention Kazuo Fujisaki グッバイ、こおろぎ君。 *Gubbai, Kōrogi-kun.* *Goodbye, Cricket*
2013 Riku Hatano 鶏が鳴く *Tori ga Naku* *The Cock Crows*
2014 Yūta Yokoyama 吾輩ハ猫ニナル *Wagahai wa Neko ni Naru* *I Become a Cat*
2015 Yūsuke Norishiro 十七八より *Jūshichihachi Yori*
2016 Sil Choi ジニのパズル *Jini no Pazuru* *Gini\'s Puzzle*
2017 No winner selected
Excellence Mention Tomomi Uehara 天袋 *Amabukuro* *Heavenly Bag*
Excellence Mention Li Kotomi 独舞 *Hitorimai* *Solo Dance*
2018 Yūko Hōjō 美しい顔 *Utsukushī Kao* *Beautiful Face*
2019 Maho Ishikura そこどけあほが通るさかい *Soko doke a ho ga tōrusakai* *Get Out of the Way, an Idiot Is Coming Through*
2020 No winner selected
Excellence Mention Mahiro Yuasa 四月の岸辺 *Shigatsu no Kishibe* *April\'s Shore*
2021 Mai Ishizawa 貝に続く場所にて *Kai ni Tsuzuku Basho Nite* *The Place of Shells*
Daiki Shimaguchi 鳥がぼくらは祈り、 *Tori ga Bokura wa Inori,* *We Birds Prayed\..
| 892 |
Gunzo Prize for New Writers
| 0 |
10,082,540 |
# Exodus (compilation album)
***Exodus*** is a worship album envisioned and produced by Michael W. Smith featuring Smith and various artists of Contemporary Christian Music, such as dc Talk, Jars of Clay, Third Day. The album is noted for recreations of two well-known songs: Third Day recreates Smith\'s \"Agnus Dei\" with a version still played on the radio today, and Smith recreates \"I See You\", a song written by Rich Mullins, and also plays the song on his second worship album, *Worship Again*. The album was released on May 16, 1998, and sold in excess of 400,000 copies.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
\| length6 = 2:50 \| writer6 = Chris Rice \| extra6 = Chris Rice \| title7 = Draw Me Close \| length7 = 5:07 \| writer7 = The Katinas \| extra7 = The Katinas \| title8 = Agnus Dei \| length8 = 5:01 \| writer8 = Michael W. Smith \| extra8 = Third Day \| title9 = Salvation Belongs to Our God \| length9 = 4:15 \| writer9 = Pat Turner \| extra9 = Crystal Lewis \| title10 = I See You \| length10 = 6:30 \| writer10 = Rich Mullins \| extra10 = Michael W
| 198 |
Exodus (compilation album)
| 0 |
10,082,577 |
# El Espíritu del Vino
**El Espíritu del Vino** (Spanish for \"The Spirit of Wine\") is the third studio album by the Spanish rock band Héroes del Silencio, released in 1993. A double disc special edition was released in December 2006 on EMI. A 20th anniversary edition was released in 2013 with remixed versions of the original tracks including a documentary of the band during their recordings .
## History
After a hiatus (vacation) from the long exhausting tour of the Senda tour, the group would return in December of 1992. The group would work with producer with Phil Manzanera once again, Manzanera would set the group with a house in Chertsey, England and would begin to write material. Bunbury decided to make it a double album which was above the average compared to their other albums. During this time the group would struggle with drugs and substances and was the starting point where Bunbury and Valdivia would have tension.
It is said that Bunbury first thought and wrote the song, \"Sirena Varada\" while he was high.
It was also there that Valdivia was playing \"Brazos de la fiebre\" which would eventually release in Avalancha
Recorded in 1993, the album contains hard rock songs and the lyrics were written by Enrique Bunbury.
The album had five singles: \"Nuestros Nombres\", \"Los Placeres de la Pobreza\", \"Flor de Loto\", \"Sirena Varada\" and \"La Herida\". In August 1993, 150,000 copies had been sold on the Spanish market. Due to their success in Germany, the band released one of their festival performances on DVD. The song \"Nuestros Nombres\" got to first position in the Spanish charts and was a success in other countries as well.
This was the first album to include the first 2 songs of the Bendecida series, the 3rd song being \"La chispa adecuada\"
After recording and releasing the album, they would commence on a one year tour, \"El camino del exceso\" tour. Taking them throughout Europe and Latin America
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Personnel
- Enrique Bunbury - vocalist
- Joaquin Cardiel - Bass guitar
- Juan Valdivia - Guitar
- Pedro Andreu - Drums
### Additional personnel {#additional_personnel}
- Copi Corellano - Organ, piano
- Phil Manzanera - Guitar
## Chart positions {#chart_positions}
Chart Peak position
---------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE) 1
{{album chart\|Switzerland\|5\|M title=Die Offizielle Schweizer Hitparade und Music Community\|publisher=Hung Medien. hitparade
| 395 |
El Espíritu del Vino
| 0 |
10,082,588 |
# Whompyjawed
***Whompyjawed*** is the debut novel by American author Mitch Cullin. It is the first installment of the writer\'s *Texas Trilogy* that also includes the dark novel-in-verse *Branches* and the surrealistic novel *Tideland*.
*Whompyjawed* was first published in September 1999 as a hardcover edition from The Permanent Press. A trade paperback edition was published by Simon & Schuster in April 2001, but as of 2007, it is no longer in print
| 72 |
Whompyjawed
| 0 |
10,082,596 |
# Central States Collegiate Hockey League
The **Central States Collegiate Hockey League** (**CSCHL**) was a Division I ACHA level hockey-college athletic conference. The CSCHL was one of the top ranked ACHA leagues. In its final state, it contained two member teams in the Midwestern United States.
## Format
League teams played a 20-game league schedule, plus additional regular season games against non-league opponents. Following the regular season, the league held a Championship Tournament. The CSCHL Regular Season champion team was then awarded an automatic bid to the annual ACHA Men\'s Division I National Tournament.
## History
The league began in 1970 with Chicago State University, Illinois State University and Iowa State University as founding members. The following season the league expanded to 24 teams in 3 divisions making the CSCHL the premier ice hockey conference in the midwest. Joining the CSCHL included Bradley University, Drake University, Illinois Benedictine University, Illinois Institute of Technology, Lewis University, Northeastern Illinois University, and Western Illinois University. The University of Illinois joined shortly after in 1974.
The league saw great expansion in the early 1990s when the University of Michigan-Dearborn joined after operating as an NAIA varsity program. Ohio University followed in 1993 and Kent State University joined in 1994 after the university dropped NCAA hockey. Following the 2003 season, UW-Whitewater departed & dropped down to play ACHA D2. In 2004, Robert Morris University-Illinois joined the league, followed by Lindenwood University in 2006. After the 2008 season, Saint Louis University departed to play at the ACHA Division II level. At the conclusion of the 2009--2010 season, Eastern Michigan University, Michigan--Dearborn, and Western Michigan University left to join the new Great Lakes Collegiate Hockey League. The CSCHL added Indiana University, who joins the league for the 2010--2011 season, after transitioning from ACHA II. Kent State departed for the GLCHL at the conclusion of the 2011--12 season.
Indiana University rejoined the Great Midwest Hockey League (GMHL) in the 2014--15 season to once again compete at the Division II level. During the 2019--20 season, Robert Morris Illinois merged with erstwhile non-hockey Roosevelt University. The hockey program was retained through the merger process of the universities and athletics departments and has played under the Roosevelt Lakers program beginning in the 2020-21 season. After the 2021--22 season, Lindenwood moved up its men\'s hockey team to NCAA Division I status and therefore left both the league and the ACHA.
Iowa State and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign left for Midwest College Hockey following the conclusion of the 2023-24 season. Following the announcement, the conference folded.
| 425 |
Central States Collegiate Hockey League
| 0 |
10,082,596 |
# Central States Collegiate Hockey League
## Current members {#current_members}
School Location Founded Affiliation Enrollment Team nickname Colors Primary conference
---------------------- -------------- --------- ------------- ------------ --------------- -------- --------------------
Ohio University Athens, OH 1804 Public 27,367 Bobcats Mid-American (D-I)
Maryville University St.Louis, MO 1872 Private 9,959 Saints GLVC (D-II)
### Membership timeline {#membership_timeline}
DateFormat = yyyy ImageSize = width:750 height:auto barincrement:20 Period = from:1979 till:2024 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal PlotArea = right:30 left:0 bottom:50 top:5
Colors = id:barcolor value:rgb(0.99,0.7,0.7)
` id:line value:black`\
` id:bg value:white`
PlotData=
` width:15 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:s`
` bar:1 color:red from:1979 till:1980 text:``Chicago State University`` (1979–1980)`\
` bar:2 color:red from:1979 till:1986 text:``Illinois State University`` (1979–1986)`\
` bar:3 color:red from:1979 till:1981 text:``Iowa State University`` (1979–1981)`\
` bar:3 color:red from:1983 shift:(107,-3) till:2024 text:(1983–2024)`\
` bar:4 color:red from:1979 till:2024 text:``University of Illinois`` (1979–2024)`\
` bar:5 color:red from:1979 till:1980 text:``University of Missouri`` (1979–1980)`\
` bar:6 color:red from:1980 till:1988 text:``St. Norbert College`` (1980–1988)`\
` bar:7 color:red from:1980 till:1997 text:``Marquette University`` (1980–1997)`\
` bar:8 color:red from:1981 till:1990 text:``Northwestern University`` (1981–1990)`\
` bar:9 color:red from:1982 till:1985 text:``University of Alabama in Huntsville`` (1982–1985)`\
` bar:10 color:red from:1983 till:1984 text:``University of Notre Dame`` (1983–1984)`\
` bar:11 color:red from:1985 till:2003 text:``University of Wisconsin–Whitewater`` (1985–2003)`\
` bar:12 color:red from:1989 till:2010 text:``Eastern Michigan University`` (1989–2010)`\
` bar:13 color:red from:1991 till:2010 text:``University Michigan, Dearborn`` (1991–2010)`\
` bar:14 color:red from:1991 till:1995 text:``University of Minnesota`` (1991–1995)`\
` bar:15 color:red from:1992 till:1994 text:``Purdue University`` (1992–1994)`\
` bar:16 color:red from:1993 till:end text:``Ohio University`` (1993–present)`\
` bar:17 color:red from:1993 till:1994 text:``University of Toledo`` (1993–1994)`\
` bar:18 color:red from:1993 till:2012 text:``Kent State University`` (1994–2012)`\
` bar:19 color:red from:1998 till:2010 text:``Western Michigan University`` (1998–2010)`\
` bar:20 color:red from:2000 till:2008 text:``Saint Louis University`` (2000–2008)`\
` bar:21 color:red from:2000 till:2002 text:``University at Buffalo`` (2000–2002)`\
` bar:22 color:red from:2004 till:2020 text:``Robert Morris University (Illinois)`` (2004–2020)`\
` bar:23 color:red from:2006 till:end text:``Lindenwood University`` (2006–2022)`\
` bar:24 color:red from:2010 shift:(-84,-3) till:2014 text:``Indiana University`` (2010–2014)`\
` bar:25 color:red from:2020 till:2022 text:``Roosevelt University`` (2020–2022)`\
` bar:26 color:red from:2022 till:end text:``Maryville University`` (2022-present)`
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:line unit:year increment:2 start:1979
TextData =
` fontsize:L`\
` textcolor:black`\
` pos:(175,30) # tabs:(0-center)`\
` text:"Central States Collegiate Hockey League Membership History"`
## Former teams {#former_teams}
- Northeastern Illinois University *folded hockey program*
- University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee *folded hockey program.*
- Kent State University *moved to GLCHL*
- Eastern Michigan University *moved to GLCHL*
- University of Michigan--Dearborn *moved to GLCHL*
- Western Michigan University *moved to GLCHL*
- Saint Louis University *dropped to ACHA Div II*
- University of Wisconsin--Whitewater *dropped to ACHA Div II*
- University at Buffalo *moved to ECHL*
- Marquette University *dropped to ACHA Div II*
- University of Toledo *dropped to ACHA Div II*
- Purdue University *dropped to ACHA Div II*
- University of Minnesota *dropped to ACHA Div II*
- University of Notre Dame *moved to NCAA Div I WCHA*
- University of Alabama in Huntsville *moved to NCAA Div II, now Div. I in WCHA*
- Northwestern University *dropped to ACHA Div II*
- St. Norbert College *moved to NCAA Div III Northern Collegiate Hockey Association*
- University of Missouri *dropped to ACHA Div II*
- Illinois State University *dropped to ACHA Div II*
- University of Illinois at Chicago *moved to NCAA Div I CCHA, folded hockey program.*
- Chicago State University *folded hockey program.*
- Indiana University *dropped to ACHA Div II*
- Robert Morris University *merged with Roosevelt University in 2020.*
- Lindenwood University *moved to NCAA Div I independent in 2022.*
- Iowa State University *left for Midwest College Hockey in 2024.*
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign *left for Midwest College Hockey in 2024.*
## Conference arenas {#conference_arenas}
School Hockey Arena Capacity
----------- ------------------------------------ ----------
Ohio Ossian C
| 612 |
Central States Collegiate Hockey League
| 1 |
10,082,600 |
# Larry Pierce (figure skater)
**Dallas \"Larry\" Pierce** (1937 -- February 15, 1961) was an American ice dancer. He was the 1961 U.S. national champion with Diane Sherbloom.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born to Dallas and Nellie Pierce, Larry Pierce had an elder sister, Jan, and younger brother, Russell. He graduated from Broad Ripple High School and then attended Indiana University for two years. He then joined the United States Marine Corps Reserve. He later worked at his family\'s plumbing business in Indianapolis, Indiana. He wore dark-rimmed glasses, even on the ice, and was known among friends for his sense of humor.
After graduating from high school, he was partnered with Marilyn Meeker, who also attended Broad Ripple High School, by coach Danny Ryan at the Winter Club of Indianapolis. Junior bronze medalists at the 1958 U.S. Championships, they won the junior title at the 1959 U.S. Championships. Meeker/Pierce also trained in Cobourg, Ontario, and Lake Placid, New York, during summers. Competing on the senior level, they won the silver medal at the 1960 U.S. Championships and placed fifth at the 1960 World Championships. Meeker broke her ankle in training in December 1960, six weeks before the 1961 U.S. Championships.
Ryan asked Diane Sherbloom, who had not intended to compete that season, to skate with Pierce, and Pierce\'s parents succeeded in persuading Sherbloom\'s. Sherbloom/Pierce won the gold medal at Nationals in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and were named in the U.S. team to the 1961 World Championships. En route to the event, their plane, Sabena Flight 548, crashed near Brussels, Belgium, killing all on board. Pierce was 24 at the time of his death.
He is buried at Washington Park East Cemetery, Indianapolis, Indiana.
On January 28, 2011, Pierce was inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame along with the entire 1961 World Team.
## Results
(with Marilyn Meeker)
Event 1958 1959 1960
--------------------- -------- -------- ------
World Championships 5th
U.S. Championships 3rd J. 1st J. 2nd
J. = Junior level
(with Diane Sherbloom)
Event 1961
------------------------------ ------
North American Championships 4th
U.S
| 346 |
Larry Pierce (figure skater)
| 0 |
10,082,602 |
# Fulgence Raymond
**Fulgence Raymond** (29 September 1844 -- 28 September 1910) was a French neurologist born in Saint-Christophe-sur-le-Nais, Indre-et-Loire.
Originally trained as a veterinarian, he later studied human medicine under Alfred Vulpian (1826--1887) in Paris. In 1877 he was *chef de clinique* under Germain Sée (1818--1896), becoming *médecin des hôpitaux* during the following year, and receiving his habilitation in 1880.
In 1894, he succeeded Jean Martin Charcot (1825--1893) as chair of neurology at the Faculty of Medicine; a position he held until his death in 1910. During his career he worked with several famous physicians, including Joseph Babinski (1857--1932), Georges Marinesco (1863--1938) and Pierre Marie (1853--1940). Radiologist Jean-Athanase Sicard (1872--1929) was a prominent student of his.
Raymond made contributions in research of syringomyelia, neurasthenia, poliomyelitis, tabes dorsalis and diseases of the cauda equina, to name a few. He also investigated hemianesthesia, a condition involving semihemispheric loss of sensitivity due to lesions of the cerebral cortex. With psychologist Pierre Janet (1859--1947) he performed studies on neurosis and psychosomatic disorders. With Janet, he co-wrote *\"Névroses et idées fixes\"* and *\"Les obsessions et la psychasthénie\"*.
## Selected publications {#selected_publications}
- *Étude anatomique sur l'hémianesthésie, l'hémichorée et les tremblements symptomatiques*, 1876
- *Des dyspepsies*, 1878
- *Anatomie pathologique du système nerveux*, 1886
- *Étude des maladies du système nerveux en Russie* (Report to the ministry), 1888
- *Maladies du système nerveux: Atrophies musculaires etc
| 231 |
Fulgence Raymond
| 0 |
10,082,608 |
# Rasanjali Silva
**Sendapperuma Archchige Rasanjali Chandima de Alwis** (`{{nee|'''Silva'''}}`{=mediawiki}; born 26 November 1971) is a Sri Lankan former cricketer who played as a left-handed batter and right-arm medium bowler. She appeared in one Test match and 22 One Day Internationals for Sri Lanka between 1997 and 2000. She was also part of the team that represented Sri Lanka at the 1997 and 2000 World Cups. She played domestic cricket for Slimline Sports Club.
Silva later married Sri Lankan cricketer Guy de Alwis, becoming the second married couple to have both played Test cricket
| 94 |
Rasanjali Silva
| 0 |
10,082,627 |
# Red-kneed dotterel
The **red-kneed dotterel** (***Erythrogonys cinctus***) is a species of plover in a monotypic genus in the subfamily Vanellinae. It is often gregarious and will associate with other waders of its own and different species, even when nesting. It is nomadic and sometimes irruptive.
## Description
Adults distinctively marked: black cap or hood from bill, extending below eyes, merging at nape to grey-brown of back. White chin and throat. Broad black band on breast joining nape and also extending to flanks as chestnut stripe. Belly and vent white. Back and mantle grey-brown, mainly black upperwing with white trailing edge. Upper leg, including tarsal joint or \"knee\", red. Bill red with dark tip.
## Distribution
The red-kneed dotterel is native to mainland Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia, and has occurred as a vagrant in Tasmania, Palau and New Zealand.
## Habitat
Mainly margins of shallow ephemeral and permanent freshwater wetlands, occasionally saline wetlands, but rarely tidal wetlands.
## Size
The red-kneed dotterel is long-legged and medium-sized (length 17 --, wingspan 33 --, weight 40 --).
## Food
Arthropods, molluscs, annelids and seeds.
## Breeding
The red-kneed dotterel generally breeds from October to January, though it may nest in other months if suitable water conditions exist. It nests on the ground on wetland margins, sometimes using nests of other birds such as hoary-headed grebes. Lays clutch of four cream eggs profusely covered with lines, speckles or blotches. Young precocial and nidifugous.
## Conservation
With a large range and no evidence of significant population decline, this species\' conservation status is of Least Concern
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# Neel E. Kearby
**Neel Ernest Kearby** (June 5, 1911 -- March 5, 1944) was a United States Army Air Forces colonel and P-47 Thunderbolt pilot in World War II who received the Medal of Honor for his actions in combat. Kearby is the first United States Army Air Forces fighter pilot to have received the Medal of Honor. He scored 22 aerial victories and was the top-scoring P-47 pilot in the Pacific Theater.
## Early life {#early_life}
Kearby was born in Wichita Falls, Texas, on June 5, 1911, to John Gallatin and Bessie Lee Kearby. He graduated from Arlington High School in 1928, and graduated from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1936 (known then as North Texas Agricultural College) with a bachelor\'s degree in business administration.
## Military career {#military_career}
Kearby joined the Army Air Corps in 1937, and received flight training at Randolph and Kelly Air Fields.
### World War II {#world_war_ii}
Kearby then served with the 94th and 40th Pursuit Squadrons of the 1st Pursuit Group at Selfridge Field in Michigan, until December 1940. Kearby commanded the 14th Pursuit Squadron in the Panama Canal Zone from December 1940 to August 1942, where he flew P-39 Airacobras.
He was transferred in October 1942 to Westover Field in Massachusetts to take command of the new 348th Fighter Group with the rank of major. In June 1943, now a lieutenant colonel, Kearby arrived in Australia with his fighter group after months of training on the P-47 Thunderbolt.
The 348th used the P-47\'s flight characteristics to their advantage. They used their turbo supercharged engines to fly at high altitude to the target and dove on the Japanese planes before firing their eight .50-caliber machine guns on the lightly armored enemy aircraft.
Kearby opened his score on September 4, 1943, with a Mitsubishi G4M bomber and a Nakajima Ki-43, and followed this up ten days later by shooting down another twin-engined bomber, a Mitsubishi Ki-46. On September 23, he was promoted to full colonel.
He flew an aircraft bearing the name \"Fiery Ginger\". There were several planes with this title in the 358th Fighter Group at that time. All of Kearby\'s P-47D\'s---bore the names, \"Fiery Ginger\", \"Fiery Ginger II\", \"Fiery Ginger III\" and \"Fiery Ginger IV\". They were all named after his wife Virginia.
### Medal of Honor mission {#medal_of_honor_mission}
On October 11, 1943, Kearby led four P-47s on a fighter sweep over the Japanese base at Wewak, and ran into 40 Japanese Army fighters. The ensuing combat lasted close to an hour, and when it was over, Kearby had shot down six enemy planes: four Nakajima Ki-43s and two Kawasaki Ki-61s.
Two other pilots had downed three Ki-61s between them for a total of nine Japanese fighters shot down without loss. This made Kearby the first P-47 ace of the Pacific Theater of Operations, and set a United States Army Air Forces record for most victories in a single mission.
Upon hearing of this aerial victory, General George Kenney, head of Fifth Air Force in the Pacific, recommended Kearby for the Medal of Honor, which was presented to him by General Douglas MacArthur himself in January 1944.
The American record for most victories in single mission is nine, set a year later by USN F6F Hellcat pilot, David McCampbell. Kearby\'s record was later broken within the United States Army Air Force as well, when P-51 Mustang pilot William Shomo downed seven Japanese planes in a six-minute fight over the Philippines in January 1945.
Postwar evaluation of Japanese records showed that only two of the nine victories credited on the Medal of Honor mission were valid, although three other Japanese fighters were damaged. However, the two losses were a squadron leader and a wing commander.
### Post mission {#post_mission}
In November 1943, with 12 victories to his credit, Kearby was transferred to the headquarters of the 5th Air Force Fighter Command. Despite his assignment to administrative duties, Kearby still wanted to be in combat. He flew missions whenever he could, and his victory tally continued to rise. For a time Kearby was in competition with Richard Bong to be the leading Army ace of the Pacific Theater. Like Kearby, Bong was not assigned to a combat unit at the time and flew in addition to his assigned duty of instructor in order to stay in combat.
During early March 1944, fighter pilots Bong and Thomas J. Lynch were close to breaking the American World War I record of 26 victories scored by pilot Eddie Rickenbacker. Hoping to break the record himself, Kearby hoped to score more victories to tie or break his record.
By March 1944, Kearby had 21 kills to his credit.
### Death
On March 5, 1944, Kearby took off on a combat patrol with Captain William D. Dunham and Major Samuel Blair to search for Japanese aircraft. Flying his personal aircraft \"Fiery Ginger IV\" he proceeded towards the Tadji area. They spotted enemy aircraft over Wewak, and intercepted three Kawasaki Ki-48s of the 208th Sentai approaching Dagua Airfield.
Kearby opened fire on one aircraft, but did not observe it to go down and made a complete circle to attack it again. While performing this maneuver, he was attacked by a Ki-43 from the 77th Sentai before wingman Dunham could shoot it down. Kearby\'s P-47 crashed into the jungle below. Afterwards, Dunham and Blair unsuccessfully searched for him until they ran short on fuel and returned to Saidor Airfield.
Kearby was observed by local people on the ground to have escaped by parachute and as he descended he became tangled in a tree and died of bullet wounds from the attack. His remains were found in 1947 by a Royal Australian Air Force search team, but they were not identified until two years later. He was buried in Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery in July 1949.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Kearby was married to Virginia Cochran, née Shoemaker (1919--1989). They had three children; Robert (1939--1974), John (1941--1977) and Kenneth (1942--1974). All of the children died in unrelated aircraft accidents.
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# Neel E. Kearby
## Military awards and honors {#military_awards_and_honors}
Kearby\'s military decorations and awards include the following:
--
--
-----------------------------
Army Air Forces Pilot Badge
Medal of Honor
Purple Heart
American Campaign Medal
-----------------------------
--
--
---------------------------------
Army Presidential Unit Citation
---------------------------------
### Medal of Honor citation {#medal_of_honor_citation}
The citation for the Medal of Honor, which was awarded by General Douglas MacArthur, describes his combat heroism:
### Legacy
Colonel Kearby was one of two U.S. fighter pilots to be awarded the Medal of Honor for actions while flying the P-47. The other was Raymond L. Knight.
In 1959, a building was named for him at Sheppard Air Force Base in Wichita Falls. The city of Alexandria, Louisiana, named a street for him near England Air Force Base. In 2010, the Texas Historical Commission and the City of Arlington, Texas, unveiled a historical marker and statue at the city\'s public library
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# Branches (novel)
***Branches*** is a novel-in-verse by American author Mitch Cullin, with illustrations by the Japanese artist Ryuzo Kikushima. It is the second installment of the writer\'s *Texas Trilogy* that also includes the coming-of-age football novel *Whompyjawed* and the surrealistic novel *Tideland*.
In a 2000 interview with the *Austin Chronicle*, Cullin stated that his first novel *Whompyjawed* was a more accurate reflection of West Texas while *Branches*, he was quoted as saying, \"is kind of, maybe to a fault, what other people who haven\'t really been there might think it\'s like.\"
*Branches* was first published in March 2000 as a hardcover edition from Permanent Press
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# Helleborus lividus
***Helleborus lividus*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to Majorca and possibly nearby Cabrera, Spain. It is an evergreen perennial growing to 45 cm tall by 30 cm wide, with deep green or bluish green, glossy leaves and light green or pinkish-green flowers opening nearly flat and appearing from midwinter to early spring. The Latin *lividus* refers to the colour of the leaves (literally \"lead-grey\"). It may be best grown in a greenhouse in frost-prone areas. Propagation is from seed.
In cultivation it hybridises readily with the closely related *H. argutifolius*
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# Avalancha
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unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Spain|1|M |url=https://books.google
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# Takatsuki Station (Osaka)
`{{nihongo|'''Takatsuki Station'''|高槻駅|Takatsuki-eki}}`{=mediawiki} is a passenger railway station located in the Hakubaicho neighborhood of the city of Takatsuki, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).
## Lines
Takatsuki Station is served by the JR Kyoto Line (Tōkaidō Main Line) and is 21.6 kilometers to the starting point of the line at Kyoto Station and 535.7 kilometers to the terminus at Tokyo Station. Takatsuki Station is one of the transportation hubs in the city of Takatsuki. All trains of the regional service of the JR Kyoto Line, i.e., Special Rapid Service, Rapid Service and local trains, stop at the station. Express and limited express trains, such as *Super Hakuto* and *Kuroshio*, do not make a stop at Takatsuki.
Some Special Rapid Service trains that stop at this station also stop at another Takatsuki Station in Takatsuki, Shiga Prefecture.
## Station layout {#station_layout}
Takatsuki Station has two island platforms that enable passengers to transfer between local and rapid trains. It has separate tracks for passing trains as well. Stairs, escalators and elevators connect the two platforms to the upper level concourse. The station provides automated and *Midori no Madoguchi* staffed ticket office services for passengers including seat reservation.
### Platforms
By the bus terminals attached thereto, the station is connected with many locations in Takatsuki, as well as Hirakatashi Station on the Keihan Main Line in Hirakata, Osaka, across the Yodo River.
## Adjacent stations {#adjacent_stations}
## History
Takatsuki Station opened when the railway between Osaka and Kyoto started provisional operation between Osaka Station and Mukōmachi Station on 28 July 1876. Since the railway was first built with single track, the location of Takatsuki Station in the middle of Osaka and Kyoto was suitable for trains of both directions to cross each other.
Station numbering was introduced to the station in March 2018 with Takatsuki being assigned station number JR-A38.
## Passenger statistics {#passenger_statistics}
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 64,879 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
## Surrounding area {#surrounding_area}
There is an extensive shopping district between Takatsuki Station and Takatsuki-shi Station (Hankyu Kyoto Line). There are also department stores, Seibu and Matsuzakaya, around the station
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# Governor's Harbour Airport
**Governor\'s Harbour Airport** is an airport in Governor\'s Harbour on Eleuthera in the Bahamas `{{airport codes|GHB|MYEM}}`{=mediawiki}. It is the second most active of the three airports on Eleuthera, and is about 8 mi north of the city
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# The Cosmology of Bing
***The Cosmology of Bing*** is the fourth novel by American author Mitch Cullin. It was first published in April 2001 as a hardback edition from The Permanent Press
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# UnderSurface
***UnderSurface*** is the sixth book by American author Mitch Cullin with illustrations by Peter I. Chang. It was first published in September 2002 as a hardback edition from The Permanent Press
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# Hockney–Falco thesis
The **Hockney--Falco thesis** is a controversial theory of art history, proposed by artist David Hockney in 1999 and further advanced with physicist Charles M. Falco since 2000 (together as well as individually). They argued that advances in naturalism and accuracy in the history of Western art since the early Renaissance (circa 1420/1430) were primarily the result of optical aids such as the camera obscura, camera lucida, and curved mirrors, rather than solely due to the development of artistic technique and skill.
In his 2001 book, *Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Old Masters*, Hockney more extensively analyzed the work of the Old Masters and argued that the level of accuracy represented in their work is impossible to create by \"eyeballing it\". It formed the basis for the 2002 BBC documentary *David Hockney: Secret Knowledge*, with some new ideas and experiments that in turn inspired additions to the second edition of the book (2006).
Nineteenth-century artists\' use of photography had been well documented, and many art historians had already suggested that certain artists had used the camera obscura for their work (most notably 18th century painter Canaletto and 17th century painter Johannes Vermeer), but Hockney believed that nobody had previously suggested that optics had been used as early and widely as he suggested. Many art historians contested the hypothesis, while others found the debate \"hyped\" and pointed towards earlier studies and writings.
## Earlier incarnations {#earlier_incarnations}
The hypothesis that technology was used in the production of Renaissance Art was not much in dispute in early studies and literature.
In his treatise on perspective, early Baroque painter Cigoli (1559 -- 1613) expressed his belief that a more likely explanation of the origin of painting lies in people conserving the image of the camera obscura by applying colours and tracing the contours of the projected figures, rather than Pliny the Elder\'s traditional story about a Corinthian tracing the shadow of the profile of her departing lover.
In 1755, Charles-Antoine Jombert noted that it was said that many of the Flemish painters (presumably the Flemish Primitives) had studied and imitated the effect of the camera obscura. Just like Hockney, he pointed out that the optical image differs from the way people see things naturally.
The 1929 *Encyclopædia Britannica* contained an extensive article on the camera obscura and cited Leon Battista Alberti as the first documented user of the device as early as 1437. However, Alberti\'s \"device\" was probably a kind of peep box, and the kind of optical devices that he and Filippo Brunelleschi used, have been explained as means to demonstrate the rediscovered and enhanced application of Euclidean geometric perspective rather than drawing aids.
Aaron Scharf\'s 1968 book *Art and Photography* details evidence of the use of photographs and the camera by painters. Scharf notes in his introduction that in 1568 Daniele Barbaro, the Venetian writer on architecture, recommended the camera obscura as an aid to artists: \"By holding the paper steady you can trace the whole perspective outline with a pen, shade it, and delicately colour it from nature.\"
David Lindberg\'s *A Catalogue of Medieval and Renaissance Optical Manuscripts* (Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1974) lists 61 manuscripts written in the years 1000--1425. These manuscripts not only describe methods for making mirrors and parabolic mirrors but also discuss their use for image projection.
In 1990, Shigeru Tsuji argued that Brunelleschi had used the camera obscura to paint the panel for the famous experiment that has usually been heralded as the origin of linear perspective.
In 1994, Roberta Lapucci proposed that Caravaggio\'s well-known use of mirrors evolved into the use of the camera obscura to reproduce the whole figure of a model, rather than the details and parts that the mirror-technique was used for.
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# Hockney–Falco thesis
## Origins of the thesis and early publications {#origins_of_the_thesis_and_early_publications}
Aaron Scharf\'s *Art and Photography* is referred to by Hockney in his 1977 painting *My Parents* (Tate, London) in which his father is depicted attentively reading the volume.
As described in *Secret Knowledge*, in January 1999 during a visit to the National Gallery, London, Hockney was struck by the accuracy of the small portrait drawings by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, and by their resemblance to drawings by Andy Warhol that are known to have been traced from photographic images. He suspected that Ingres had used a camera lucida or similar device.
In June 1999, Hockney published in the Royal Academy magazine, speculating about Ingres using the camera lucida and Vincent van Gogh possibly using an epidiascope or other mechanical means for his painting of *The Prisoners in the Courtyard*, which very precisely reproduces Gustave Doré\'s engraving (although Hockney considered this could also be done with a squared-up copy). Hockney suggested that the relation between 19th century painting and photography had yet to be explored, and that the influence of the supposed veracity of photography was currently ending due to computer manipulation affecting the way people use and experience images.
Hockney began looking for signs of the use of optical aids in earlier paintings, creating what he called the *Great Wall* in his studio by organizing images of great naturalistic art by time period, which eventually seemed to display a sudden rise of naturalism around 1420. In March 2000, he showed the project to Charles Falco, a condensed matter physicist and an expert in optics. Falco became especially intrigued with *Husband and Wife* by Lorenzo Lotto (circa 1543), of which Hockney had enlarged a section of the pattern on the rug that seems to go out of focus. Falco figured that the painting contained sufficient data to allow him to calculate an appoximation of the properties of the lens that would be used for projection, which he considered the \"smoking gun\" that would provide scientific evidence for the theory. Falco also noticed geometric pattern lines at the border of the rug that indicate different vanishing points, and he reasoned that Lotto refocused the lens for different sections of the carpet. (Hockney 2001, pp. 60, 254--257).
In July 2000, Falco and Hockney published \"Optical Insights into Renaissance Art\" in *Optics & Photonics News*, vol. 11, a detailed analysis of the likely use of concave mirrors in certain Renaissance paintings, particularly the Lotto painting. Experiments with a concave mirror (which technically is also a lens) of the calculated properties indeed produced a projected image that was bright and sharp enough to be of use to a painter. They also measured the distances between pupils in 12 examples of portraits with a \"photographic quality\" from between 1450 and 1565 and found that the pictures all had a magnification of \~90%, and the depicted heads and shoulders all stayed within a circumference of 30 to 50 cm, which corresponded with the sizes of sufficiently clear images projected with the mirror lens.
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# Hockney–Falco thesis
## *Secret Knowledge* {#secret_knowledge}
In his book *Secret Knowledge* (2001), Hockney argues that early Renaissance artists such as Jan van Eyck and Lorenzo Lotto used concave mirrors; as evidence, he points to the chandelier in Van Eyck\'s *Arnolfini Portrait*, the ear in Van Eyck\'s portrait of Cardinal Albergati, and the carpet in Lotto\'s *Husband and Wife*. Hockney suggests that later artists, beginning with Caravaggio, used convex mirrors as well, to achieve a large field of view.
*Secret Knowledge* recounts Hockney\'s search for evidence of optical aids in the work of earlier artists, including the assembly of a \"Great Wall\" of the history of Western art. The 15th century work of Jan van Eyck seems to be the turning point, he argues, after which elements of realism became increasingly prominent. He correlates shifts toward increased realism with advances in optical technologies.
### The optical look {#the_optical_look}
Many details that are very difficult to depict by eyeballing them, seem remarkably naturalistically painted after the 15th century turning point. Hockney noticed for instance how patterns on clothes perfectly follow complex folds, while clothing previously was painted in a simple graphic manner. Foreshortened curved objects like lutes and pages of a book started to look very accurate in renaissance paintings. While such subjects would be extremely difficult to paint even with technical aids like the frame and chord method known from a 1525 woodcut by Dürer, it is much easier with optical projections (Hockney 2001 p. 36--57).
Hockney tested a technique with a small concave mirror projecting the view from a small open window onto a surface in a darkened room. He associated several of the limitations of the technique and the characteristics of the projected images with the look of many naturalistic paintings: strong lights and shadows, dark backgrounds, limited depth, and a head-on perspective. The use of strong light is also indicated by the small pupils in Van Eyck\'s portrait of cardinal Albergati, and Hockney suggested that the shelf and ledges at the bottom of many portraits and still lifes, as well as similarities in composition and lighting could be related to this \"hole-in-the-wall\" technique. According to Hockney, even the establishment of still life as a genre in the 15th and 16th centuries might be connected to the ease of using inanimate objects for the projected imagery. He stressed that not all the artists used the mirror-lens; many could have imitated the look from the works of those who did (p. 74--81, 104--112).
When lenses became large and good enough for wider projections with camera obscuras, artists would have recognised the advantage and Hockney believes this explains the very influential style of Caravaggio\'s paintings (p. 112).
### Distortions
Hockney argued that the accurate anamorphic skull in Holbein\'s *The Ambassadors* (1533) could have been made with the help of a projection on a tilted surface (p. 57). He recognised less obvious distortions that could similarly (but incidentally) have been caused by a slight tilt of the canvas in the apparently \"squeezed up\" skull in Francisco de Zurbarán\'s *St. Franciscus at Prayer* (circa 1638--39), and in the figure of Jan van Bylert\'s *Man in Armour Holding a Pike* (circa 1630) (p. 179).
#### Montage technique {#montage_technique}
Hockney suggested that master painters who used projections would often piece together their compositions from different elements. Most elements would be drawn or painted from a straight on viewpoint, although this doesn\'t always match their place in the linear perspective of the overall composition. The consecutive projections of the different parts sometimes seem to have caused distorted proportions that are not immediately obvious, but would not as soon occur if the master would have sketched out the composition by eye (pp. 112,172--177)
## Further publications by Hockney and Falco {#further_publications_by_hockney_and_falco}
After their initial papers and Hockney\'s book, Hockney and Falco have continued publishing about their theory.
At a scientific conference in February 2007, Falco argued that the Arabic physicist Ibn al-Haytham\'s (965--1040) work on optics, in his *Book of Optics*, may have influenced the use of optical aids by Renaissance artists. Falco said that his and Hockney\'s examples of Renaissance art \"demonstrate a continuum in the use of optics by artists from c. 1430, arguably initiated as a result of Ibn al-Haytham\'s influence, until today.\"
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# Hockney–Falco thesis
## Reception
The thesis prompted intense and sustained debate among artists, art historians, and a wide variety of other scholars. In particular, it has spurred increased interest in the actual methods and techniques of artists among scientists and historians of science, as well as general historians and art historians. The latter have in general reacted unfavorably, interpreting the Hockney--Falco thesis as an accusation that the Old Masters \"cheated\" and intentionally obscured their methods.
Art historians and others have criticized Hockney\'s argument on the grounds that the use of optical aids, though well-established in individual cases, has little value for explaining the overall development of Western art, and that historical records and paintings and photographs of art studios (without optical devices), as well as present-day realist artists, demonstrate that high levels of realism are possible without optical aids. Criminisi and Stork enlisted a contemporary artist to create a chandelier painting similar to the detail found in *Arnolfini Portrait* by eye as part of their response to the thesis, which they found to have a similar level of accuracy. Hockney ignored the history of linear perspective and the developments towards realism in sculpture that seem independent of any intervention by discoveries concerning optics.
### Optical distortion {#optical_distortion}
In addition to incredulity on the part of art historians and critics of modern art, some of the harshest criticism of the Hockney--Falco thesis came from another expert in optics, image processing and pattern recognition, David G. Stork. Stork analyzed the images used by Falco and Hockney, and came to the conclusion that they do not demonstrate the kinds of optical distortion that curved mirrors or converging lenses would cause. Falco has responded that Stork\'s published criticisms have relied on fabricated data and misrepresentations of Hockney and Falco\'s theory. Stork has rebutted this.
### Renaissance optics {#renaissance_optics}
Critics of the Hockney--Falco theory say the quality of mirrors and optical glass for the period before 1550 and a lack of textual evidence (excluding paintings themselves as \"documentary evidence\") of their use for image projection during this period cast doubt on the theory. Historians are more inclined to agree about the possible relevance of the thesis between 1550 and the invention of the telescope, and cautiously supportive after that period, when there clearly was interest and capacity to project realistic images; 17th century painters such as Johannes Vermeer and Gaspar van Wittel used optical devices in a variety of ways, though not the ways postulated by Hockney.
Leaving the technical optical arguments aside, historians of science investigated several aspects of the historical plausibility of the thesis in a 2005 set of articles in *Early Science and Medicine*. In his introduction to the volume, Sven Dupré claimed the Hockney--Falco analysis rests heavily on a small number of examples, \"a few dozen square centimeters\" of canvas that seem to show signs that optical devices were used.
### Image projection {#image_projection}
Leonardo da Vinci\'s notebooks include several designs for creating concave mirrors . Leonardo also describes a camera obscura in his *Codex Atlanticus* of 1478--1519.
The camera obscura was well known for centuries and documented by Ibn al-Haitham in his *Book of Optics* of 1011--1021. In 13th-century England Roger Bacon described the use of a camera obscura for the safe observation of solar eclipses, exactly because the viewer looks at the projected image and not the sun itself.
### Optical glass {#optical_glass}
Sara J. Schechner argued that surviving glassware from the 15th and 16th centuries is far too imperfect to have been used to create realistic images, while \"even thinking about projecting images was alien to the contemporary conceptual frame of mind.\" Vincent Ilardi, a historian of Renaissance optical glass, subsequently argued against Schechner\'s conclusions based on surviving glassware, suggesting that the present condition of Renaissance glassware is not likely to reflect the optical quality of such glassware when it was new. Ilardi documents Lorenzo Lotto\'s purchase of a high-priced crystal mirror in 1549, bolstering the Hockney--Falco thesis in Lotto\'s case.
Furthermore, even normal eyeglasses (spectacles) can also project images of sufficient optical quality to support the Hockney--Falco thesis and such eyeglasses, along with magnifying glasses and mirrors, were not only available at the time, but actually pictured in 14th century paintings by artists such as Tommaso da Modena. Dutch draper and pioneering microbiologist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632--1723), a contemporary of artist Vermeer (and an executor for Vermeer when he died in 1675) in Delft was known to have exceptional lens making skills, having created single small lenses capable of 200× magnification, far exceeding those of more complex compound microscopes of the period. Indeed, his feats of lens making were not matched for a considerable time as he kept aspects of their construction secret; in the 1950s, C. L. Stong used thin glass thread fusing instead of polishing to recreate Leeuwenhoek design microscopes. It was long believed that Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a master lens grinder (a notion repeated in a BBC television documentary *Cell*). However, it is now believed`{{By whom|date=October 2014}}`{=mediawiki} that he came upon a relatively simple method of making small, high quality glass spheres by heating and manipulating a small rod of soda lime glass.
### Metal mirrors {#metal_mirrors}
On his website, Falco also claims Schechner overlooked manuscript evidence for the use of mirrors made from steel and other metals, as well as numerous metal artifacts that belie the claim that sufficiently large and reflective metal mirrors were unavailable, and that other contributors to the *Early Science and Medicine* volume relied on Schechner\'s mistaken work in dismissing the thesis.
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# Hockney–Falco thesis
## Reception
### Evidence of earlier use of optical tools {#evidence_of_earlier_use_of_optical_tools}
Don Ihde called the hypothesis being \'hyped\' and referred to clear evidence about the use of optical tools by, e.g., Albrecht Dürer and Leonardo da Vinci and others. As well the 1929 *Encyclopædia Britannica* contains an extensive article on the camera obscura and cites Leon Battista Alberti as the first documented user of the device as early as 1437. Ihde states abundant evidence for widespread use of various technical devices at least in the Renaissance and e.g. in Early Netherlandish painting. Jan van Eyck\'s 1434 painting *Arnolfini Portrait* shows a convex mirror in the centre of the painting. Van Eyck also left his signature above this mirror, showing the importance of the tool. The painting includes a crown glass window in the upper left side, a rather expensive luxury at the time. Van Eyck was rather fascinated by glass and its qualities, which was as well of high symbolic importance for his contemporaries. Early optical instruments were comparatively expensive in the Medieval age and the Renaissance.
## Legacy
Although experts mostly recognised little new or convincing evidence in the Hockney--Falco thesis, the publicity surrounding it increased the attention to the relation between optics and art, and several more rigorous, scholarly studies on the subject have since been published.
For instance, there was the case of the decade-long research on Rembrandt\'s works conducted by painter Francis O\'Neill. In the published paper he wrote with Sofia Palazzo Corner entitled, *Rembrandt\'s Self-portraits*, O\'Neill presented recurring themes in the painter\'s works that serve as evidence in his use of mirrors, particularly, in his self-portraits. These include the use of chiaroscuro, which is a signature of the lighting conditions necessary for projections as well as Rembrandt\'s off-center gaze in his self-portraits, which - according to O\'Neill - indicated that the artist might have been looking at a projection surface off to the side rather than straight onto a flat mirror.
The large 2020 Van Eyck exhibition in Ghent was subtitled \"An Optical Revolution\", but the accompanying information and published book clarified how experts attribute his remarkable naturalism to scientific knowledge of optics (presumably through works like those of Euclid, Ptolemy and especially Ibn al-Haytham) rather than the use of optical aids
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# S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine
***S*-Nitroso-*N*-acetylpenicillamine** (**SNAP**) is the organosulfur compound with the formula ONSC(CH~3~)~2~CH(NHAc)CO~2~H. It is a green solid.
SNAP is an *S*-nitrosothiol and is used as a model for the general class of *S*-nitrosothiols which have received much attention in biochemistry because nitric oxide and some organic nitroso derivatives serve as signaling molecules in living systems, especially related to vasodilation. SNAP is derived from the amino acid penicillamine. *S*-Nitrosoglutathione is a related agent
| 72 |
S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine
| 0 |
10,082,772 |
# Inagua Airport
**Inagua Airport** (also known as **Matthew Town Airport**) `{{airport codes|IGA|MYIG}}`{=mediawiki} is a joint civil-military airport in Matthew Town in Inagua in Bahamas. In addition to commercial air service and utilization by general aviation aircraft, it is also home to a U.S. Coast Guard air facility
| 48 |
Inagua Airport
| 0 |
10,082,783 |
# Kohima Camp
**Kohima Camp or Kohima Barracks** as it was officially described (`{{zh|t= 高希馬軍營}}`{=mediawiki}) in Tai Po Tsai north of Clear Water Bay Peninsula was the site of a proposed new army barracks to house an additional British infantry battalion to be stationed in Hong Kong following a review of the needs of Hong Kong which had taken place over 1980-1981.
The purpose of the British Hong Kong Garrison and of its reinforcement by an additional infantry battalion was intended to demonstrate the British Government\'s commitment to the integrity and the security of Hong Kong in the run up to 1997. The land acquisition and construction works for the barracks were to be undertaken by the Hong Kong Government. Under the Hong Kong Defence Costs Agreement signed in 1981, the Hong Kong Government was required to bear 75% of the costs of maintaining the British garrison. The plans to introduce an additional infantry battalion and to complete the construction of the barracks were cancelled in 1984 following the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Future of Hong Kong. The land became the site of the new Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 1986.
Before the construction of the university, The Scout Association of Hong Kong made use of the camp as the site for the Hong Kong Diamond Jubilee Jamboree for the 75th anniversary of Hong Kong Scouting between 27 December 1986 and 1 January 1997.
## Name
The camp was named after Kohima, a town close to the eastern border of India. In 1944 the Imperial Japanese Army failed in an offensive operation at the Battle of Kohima, which marked the limit of the Empire of Japan
| 280 |
Kohima Camp
| 0 |
10,082,793 |
# From the Place in the Valley Deep in the Forest
***From the Place in the Valley Deep in the Forest**\'\' is a short-story collection by American writer Mitch Cullin, and is the author\'s fifth book. It was first published as a trade paperback in November 2001 by Dufour Editions in the US. A UK trade paperback edition was published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson in January 2005. In 2007, the Italian publisher FBE released a trade paperback translation of the collection as***Da Quel Luogo Nella Valle Dentro La Foresta**\'\'.
The collection was given a starred review from *Booklist* in its December 12, 2001 publication.
## Contents
Several of the stories in the collection had been published previously in literary magazines, although they were greatly revised for the book and often given new titles. Three of the eight stories were previously unpublished. The stories are listed below in the order in which they appear in the book.
**Title** **Previously published in**{{cite book \| first=Mitch\| last=Cullin\| authorlink=Mitch Cullin \| year=2001 \| title=From the Place in the Valley Deep in the Forest \| url=<https://archive
| 181 |
From the Place in the Valley Deep in the Forest
| 0 |
10,082,813 |
# Libertad 1
**Libertad 1** (\'Freedom 1\') is a single CubeSat built by the Space Program of the Sergio Arboleda University in Colombia. It is the first Colombian satellite sent to orbit. It was launched aboard a Dnepr rocket on April 17, 2007 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan and became the first Colombian satellite to orbit the Earth. It used a telemetric payload to keep it in communication with the University. It was expected to have a 50-day lifespan, however news reports two years after it was launched stated the satellite was still working and sending information, passing over Colombia twice a day.
## Team
- Team Leader : Raúl A
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Libertad 1
| 0 |
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# 12 (Herbert Grönemeyer album)
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unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Austria|1|artist=Herbert Grönemeyer|album=12|rowheader=true|accessdate=7 July 2020}}
^
``
| 23 |
12 (Herbert Grönemeyer album)
| 0 |
10,082,822 |
# John McMillan (economist)
**John McMillan** (1951 -- 13 March 2007) was the Jonathan B. Lovelace professor of economics in Stanford University\'s Graduate School of Business, and one of the world\'s leading economic theorists and applied microeconomists. His career was initially marked by important contributions to auction theory and mechanism design. In the 1980s, he worked on the use of incentives in state owned enterprises in China and policies for emerging economies. His recent work has examined entrepreneurship in those economies, as well as the institutional structure for economic development.
Born in Christchurch, New Zealand, John McMillan\'s undergraduate education was in mathematics and economics at the University of Canterbury. He completed his PhD in economics at the University of New South Wales before moving to the University of Western Ontario, Canada. From 1987 to 1999, he was a professor at the University of California, San Diego, before moving to Stanford University. McMillan died on 13 March 2007, of complications arising from cancer, at age 56.
## Books
- *Reinventing the Bazaar: A Natural History of Markets*, New York, W. W. Norton, 2002.
- *Reforming Asian Socialism: The Growth of Market Institutions*, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996 (editor, with Barry Naughton)
- *Games, Strategies, and Managers*, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
- *Incentives in Government Contracting*, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988 (with R. Preston McAfee)
- *Game Theory in International Economics*, New York: Harwood, 1986
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| 0 |
10,082,867 |
# Vehicular metrics
There are a broad range of metrics that denote the relative capabilities of various vehicles. Most of them apply to all vehicles while others are type-specific.
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Measurement | American unit | Imperial unit | Metric unit | Affects | General preference | Notes |
+======================================================+=================+====================+=========================+================================================================================+============================================================================================================================================================================================================+================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+
| 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 60 mph) | seconds | seconds | seconds | acceleration | lower is better | |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0 to 100 to 0 mph | seconds | seconds | seconds | acceleration and braking | lower is better | formerly common in British publications |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Autonomy | miles | miles | kilometers | comfort, safety, economics, range | higher is better | *Autonomous* means self-governing. Many historical projects related to vehicle automation have been *automated* (made automatic) subject to a heavy reliance on artificial aids in their environment, such as magnetic strips. Autonomous control implies satisfactory performance under significant uncertainties in the environment, and the ability to compensate for system failures without external intervention. |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Braking distance | feet | feet | meters | safety | shorter is better | |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Brake specific fuel consumption | lb/(hp·h) | lb/(hp·h) | g/(kW·h) | economics, range | lower is better | |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| traveled Distance | miles | miles | kilometers | economy | higher rating is better for vehicle longevity; lower elapsed is better for vehicle resale | |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Drag coefficient | (ratio) | (ratio) | (ratio) | economics, top speed, range | lower is better for moving into/through a fluid(air/water), higher is better for stopping/redirecting with a fluid | |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Friction or Friction coefficient | lbf or (ratio) | lbf or (ratio) | N or (ratio) | acceleration, braking distance, traction, fuel consumption, tyre wear | lower is better on kinetic parts(drivetrain), higher is better on static parts\[chassis binds/bolts/clamps/composites/nails/screws/welds, control surfaces(brake pad-to-disc and wheel-to-ground patchs)\] | improved by lubricated drivetrain, dry and clean road surface/adhesion railway, reducing road slipperiness/skid (automobile) |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Frontal cross-section area | sq ft | sq ft | m^2^ | economics, top speed, range, cargo capacity | lower is better | if area is too small, vehicle becomes difficult to use |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Fuel economy | mpg (US) | mpg (imperial) | l/100 km and km/L | economics, range | greater is better (mpg and km/L), lower is better (L/100 km) | must be specified on new vehicles for sale in the US and UK |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Maximum g-force(s) | *g* or ft/s^2^ | *g* or ft/s^2^ | *g* or m/s^2^ | acceleration, braking (safety) | higher is usually better | measures cornering, braking or forward acceleration |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Ground pressure | psi | psi | pascals (sometimes bar) | traction | lower is better in soft ground, reduces bogging; higher with loose surface | has greater impact on off-road vehicles |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Lift to drag ratio | (ratio) | (ratio) | (ratio) | economics, range | higher is better for airfoil/hydrofoil; lower is better for stopping/redirecting | improved by narrow, long wings |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Noise/Vibration | dB | dB | dB | comfort, stress, health, awareness (safety), Insurance | lower is better | Noise from traffic, is considered by the World Health Organization to be one of the worst environmental stressors for humans, second only to air pollution. Elevated workplace or environmental noise can cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, and sleep disturbance. Changes in the immune system and birth defects have been also attributed to noise exposure. |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Stress from time spent around elevated noise levels has been linked with increased workplace accident rates and aggression and other anti-social behaviors. The most significant sources are vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, and industrial noise. |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | There are approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise in the European Union. |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | A loss in situational awareness has led to many transportation disasters, including the 2015 Philadelphia train derailment. |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Power | hp | hp | kW | acceleration | higher is better | Refers to maximum power (high torque and speed). The rate at which torque is applied. Also the rate at which work is done. Power = Torque × RPM / 5252. Automobile manufacturers publish power measured at the crankshaft (bhp or brake horsepower). However, it is the power a car can produce at the wheels (wheel horsepower or whp) that matters when it comes to acceleration performance. Wheel horsepower equals brake horsepower minus drivetrain losses, which can be anywhere from about 10% to 25%. |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Power-to-weight ratio | hp/lb | hp/lb | W/kg | acceleration | higher is better | |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Propulsive efficiency | \% | \% | \% | economics, range | higher is better | For rockets and aircraft, percent of the energy contained in a vehicle\'s propellant converted into useful energy |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Rate of climb | feet/min | feet/min | meters/min | combat effectiveness, economics | higher is better | Applies to fighter aircraft who need to intercept or evade other fighters. In civilian aircraft this denotes how quickly they can reach optimal cruising altitude. |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Roll center | inches | inches | mm | handling | Too many variables to state a general preference. | |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Rolling resistance or Rolling resistance coefficient | lbf or (ratio) | lbf or (ratio) | N or (ratio) | economics, top speed, range, cargo capacity | lower is better | improved by narrow, high pressure tires with narrow, large radius, steel/titanium alloy wheels on steel/concrete. Best available examples are Railroad steel wheels on steel rails. |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Second moment | psi (lb·sq ft) | psi (lb·sq ft) | kg·m^2^ | handling | lower permits quicker turn-in for cars, higher is more stable in straight line. | The moment of inertia about a vertical axis of a vehicle |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Size | feet | feet | meters | handling, safety | lower is better for parking on narrow parking slots, higher is better for lateral Traffic collision | |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Shift time | mSec | ms | ms | acceleration | lower is better | for vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions \|- specific fuel consumption (shaft engine)\| |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Specific fuel consumption (shaft engine) | lb/(hp·h) | lb/(hp·h) | kg/(kW·h) | economics, range | lower is better | for shaft engines less fuel use for a given output power means higher efficiency |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| specific impulse | seconds | seconds | seconds or kN·s/kg | economics, delta-v/range | higher is typically better | in airbreathing jet engines it is improved by using more inert air for propulsion (i.e. lower exhaust velocity), in rockets, higher exhaust velocity |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Top speed | mph | mph | km/h | Maximum rate of straight line travel | higher is better | Electronically limited in some cars for safety (mostly due to concerns of tire failure at high speed) A speed greater than the legal maximum/recommended speed limit can be considered as useless/unsafe. |
+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Torque | lbf·ft or lb·ft | lbf·ft or lb·ft | N·m | acceleration | higher is better | Refers to the overall maximum torque an engine can produce, or the maximum torque an engine can produce at a given RPM
| 1,281 |
Vehicular metrics
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# Durio dulcis
***Durio dulcis***, known as **durian marangang**`{{which lang|date=April 2022}}`{=mediawiki} (or **merangang**`{{which lang|date=April 2022}}`{=mediawiki}), **red durian**, **tutong**,`{{which lang|date=April 2022}}`{=mediawiki} or **lahung**,`{{which lang|date=April 2022}}`{=mediawiki} is a fairly large tree in the genus *Durio*. It can grow up to 40 m tall. The husk of its fruit is dark red to brown-red, and covered with slender 15--20 mm long spines. The fruit flesh is dark yellow, thin, and deep caramel-flavored, with a turpentine odor. The fruit of this species is considered by many to be the sweetest of all durians
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Durio dulcis
| 0 |
10,082,911 |
# FC Sevastopol
**FC Sevastopol** (*ФК «Севастополь»*) was a Ukrainian football club based in Sevastopol. The club was a spiritual descendant of the Soviet clubs from Sevastopol such as Chaika Sevastopol. After the completion of the 2013--14 Ukrainian Premier League season due to the 2014 Crimean Conflict, the club ceased its existence and applied for a Russian license with the new name FC SKChF Sevastopol.
## History
The current club was founded in 2002 after another club from Sevastopol Chaika Sevastopol was relegated from professional ranks and dissolved. FC Sevastopol started out from the Ukrainian Second League and soon was promoted to the Ukrainian First League in 2007. In 2010--11 the club took part in the Premier League of Ukraine for the first time. The club was relegated in its first season back in the Ukrainian First League once more. But the club returned to the Ukrainian Premier League after one season there in which they won promotion to the Ukrainian Premier League. After the annexation of Crimea by Russia, FC Sevastopol asked permission from UEFA and FIFA to shift to the Russian league next season. The new club, FC SKChF Sevastopol, began playing in Russian competitions in August 2014.
The club\'s colours are all red (home) and all dark blue (away).
## Stadium
For the first half of the 2009--10 season the home ground of the club was located outside the Sevastopol city limits. FC Sevastopol played at the Druzhba Stadium located in Bakhchisaray, Crimea. After the winter break they returned to their home ground Sevastopol Sports Complex. There are promises to rebuild the Hirnyk Stadium in Balaklava, which is part of the Sevastopol municipality. The reconstruction of *Hirnyk* is predicted to take place some time in the future.
### Football kits and sponsors {#football_kits_and_sponsors}
Years Football kit Shirt sponsor
---------- -------------- ---------------
2010--11 lotto/nike Smart Holding
2013--14 Nike Smart Holding
## Honors
- **Ukrainian First League** (tier-II)
- Champions (2): 2009--10, 2012--13
- **Ukrainian Second League** (tier-III)
- Champions (1): 2006--07 (Gr. B)
## League and cup history (Ukraine) {#league_and_cup_history_ukraine}
The team competed in Ukrainian competitions as **FC Sevastopol**.
: {\|class=\"wikitable\"
! Season ! Div. ! Pos. ! Pl. ! W ! D ! L ! GS ! GA ! P !Domestic Cup !colspan=2\|Europe !Notes \|-bgcolor=\"PowderBlue\" \|align=center\|2002--03 \|align=center\|**3rd** Second League Gr. B \|align=center\|**9**~/16~ \|align=center\|30 \|align=center\|12 \|align=center\|4 \|align=center\|14 \|align=center\|31 \|align=center\|36 \|align=center\|**40** \|align=center\|`{{frac|1|32}}`{=mediawiki} finals \|align=center\| \|align=center\| \|align=center\| \|-bgcolor=\"PowderBlue\" \|align=center\|2003--04 \|align=center\|**3rd** Second League Gr. B \|align=center\|**10**~/16~ \|align=center\|30 \|align=center\|10 \|align=center\|8 \|align=center\|12 \|align=center\|26 \|align=center\|33 \|align=center\|**38** \|align=center\|`{{frac|1|32}}`{=mediawiki} finals \|align=center\| \|align=center\| \|align=center\| \|-bgcolor=\"PowderBlue\" \|align=center\|2004--05 \|align=center\|**3rd** Second League Gr. B \|align=center\|**13**~/14~ \|align=center\|26 \|align=center\|7 \|align=center\|4 \|align=center\|15 \|align=center\|19 \|align=center\|34 \|align=center\|**25** \|align=center\|`{{frac|1|32}}`{=mediawiki} finals \|align=center\| \|align=center\| \|align=center\| \|-bgcolor=\"PowderBlue\" \|align=center\|2005--06 \|align=center\|**3rd** Second League Gr. B \|align=center bgcolor=tan\|**3**~/15~ \|align=center\|28 \|align=center\|15 \|align=center\|6 \|align=center\|7 \|align=center\|48 \|align=center\|29 \|align=center\|**51** \|align=center\|`{{frac|1|64}}`{=mediawiki} finals \|align=center\| \|align=center\| \|align=center\| \|-bgcolor=\"PowderBlue\" \|align=center\|2006--07 \|align=center\|**3rd** Second League Gr
| 464 |
FC Sevastopol
| 0 |
10,082,920 |
# Mayaguana Airport
**Mayaguana Airport** `{{airport codes|MYG|MYMM}}`{=mediawiki} is an airport in Mayaguana in the Bahamas
| 15 |
Mayaguana Airport
| 0 |
10,082,941 |
# Villa de Álvarez
**Ciudad de Villa de Álvarez** is a city in the Mexican state of Colima. It is the municipal seat of Villa de Álvarez municipality. The city is adjacent to the northwest side of the state capital city of Colima and the two can be considered as \"twin cities\", with Ciudad de Villa de Álvarez having a 2005 census population of 97,701 and Colima having a population of 123,597. They are both part of the Colima-Villa de Álvarez metropolitan area, which includes the population of Colima municipality (132,237) and Villa de Álvarez municipality (100,121). The city and the municipality of Villa de Álvarez both rank third in the state in their respective categories in population, behind only Colima itself and Manzanillo. Villa de Álvarez municipality has an area of 428.4 km² (165.4 sq mi)
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Villa de Álvarez
| 0 |
10,082,978 |
# North Eleuthera Airport
**North Eleuthera Airport** is an airport in North Eleuthera on Eleuthera in the Bahamas `{{airport codes|ELH|MYEH}}`{=mediawiki}. It serves the outlying islands of Harbour Island and Spanish Wells as well as the northernmost third of Eleuthera Island
| 40 |
North Eleuthera Airport
| 0 |
10,082,981 |
# Ron Branton
**Ronald Branton** (10 June 1933 -- 30 May 2024) was an Australian rules football player who played in the VFL between 1953 and 1962 for the Richmond Football Club.
A rover from Maryborough, he won the best first year player in 1953, as well as the leading goalkicker award in his first two seasons. He is the only player to have won the Jack Dyer Medal in three consecutive years.
Branton played with Myrtleford in the Ovens & Murray Football League from 1963 to 1965 as their captain and coach, kicking 80 goals during that time.
Branton then played two seasons with Klng Valley Football Club in the Ovens & King Football League in 1966 and 1967, kicking 49 goals during that time
| 126 |
Ron Branton
| 0 |
10,082,992 |
# David Heath (fighter)
**David Alan Heath** (born February 10, 1976) is an American former mixed martial artist who last competed in the Light Heavyweight division. A professional competitor since from 2003 until 2012, he fought for the UFC, MFC, and King of the Cage.
## Mixed martial arts career {#mixed_martial_arts_career}
### Early career {#early_career}
Heath began training in mixed martial arts in 2002 and made his professional debut in 2003. Heath compiled a record of 7-0, which included a win over Sean Salmon, while mostly fighting in his home-state of Oklahoma before being signed by the UFC.
### UFC
Heath made his debut for the organization at UFC 62 on August 26, 2006, against Cory Walmsley won the bout via rear-naked choke submission in the first round. Heath next fought at UFC Fight Night 7 against Canadian Victor Valimiki and won via split decision. Heath then fought against future UFC Light Heavyweight Champion against then-undefeated Lyoto Machida at UFC 70 in England. Heath was a replacement for Machida\'s original opponent, Forrest Griffin, who withdrew from the bout due to a nagging staph infection. Heath was handed his first professional loss via unanimous decision and the fight was pulled off the air, being replaced for more entertaining fights. Heath apologized in post-fight interview for a \"boring\" and \"frustrating\" performance, and also said that Machida has an \"ultra-boring style\" of fighting.
Heath then fought longtime veteran Renato Sobral at *UFC 74*. Prior to the fight, Heath taunted Sobral over his recent legal difficulties and then wore a shirt displaying Sobral\'s police mugshot to the Octagon. While angered by the display, Sobral defeated Heath by anaconda choke in the second round after horrifically beating and bloodying his opponent to the point of grotesquerie. Sobral continued to hold the choke for four seconds after Heath tapped out, which is illegal, and ignored the commands of referee Steve Mazzagatti, who tried to physically break the hold. Renato stated during the post-fight interview that \"He (Heath) has to learn respect. He deserved that. He called me \'motherfucker\'.\" Sobral also disregarded the boos from the over 11,000 fans, saying \"The crowd didn\'t like it? Who cares! At least they had a reaction.\" Sobral was released from the UFC for his actions. In a later interview, Heath has stated that he does not hold a \"grudge\" against Sobral but is disappointed about the \"black eye\" that the sport of mixed martial arts suffered after the incident.
In his next bout for the UFC a year later, Heath fought Tim Boetsch at UFC 84 and was defeated in the first round after he was thrown against the cage and hit with numerous punches. Heath, having lost three consecutive fights, was released by the UFC.
### Post-UFC {#post_ufc}
After a TKO win, Heath was signed by the Canada-based MFC and lost his debut against current Bellator fighter, Emanuel Newton. Heath then bounced back with a win over former MFC Light Heavyweight Champion, Roger Hollett.
Heath lost his next two fights for the organization before defeating Solomon Hutcherson at MFC 26: Retribution via knockout from a superman punch. Heath lost his last appearance for the organization against Rodney Wallace before signing with King of the Cage.
### King of the Cage {#king_of_the_cage}
Heath signed with King of the Cage and won his first two fights for the organization in 2012.
| 560 |
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| 0 |
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# David Heath (fighter)
## Mixed martial arts record {#mixed_martial_arts_record}
\|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 18--7 \| Chad Herrick \| Decision (split) \| KOTC: Unification \| `{{dts|2012|December|8}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 17--7 \| Sidiah Parker \| TKO (punches) \| KOTC: Breakthrough \| `{{dts|2012|March|10}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 4:48 \| Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 16--7 \| Rodney Wallace \| Decision (unanimous) \| MFC 27 \| `{{dts|2010|November|12}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Edmonton, Alberta, Canada \|Return to Light Heavyweight. \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 16--6 \| Solomon Hutcherson \| KO (Superman punch) \| MFC 26: Retribution \| `{{dts|2010|September|10}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 3:46 \| Edmonton, Alberta, Canada \|Middleweight debut. \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 15--6 \| Jason Kuchera \| TKO (strikes) \| Heat XC 5: Punishment \| `{{dts|2010|July|16}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 4:45 \| Edmonton, Alberta, Canada \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 14--6 \| Jason Freeman \| KO (head kick) \| FCF: Freestyle Cage Fighting 38 \| `{{dts|2010|January|20}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 4:18 \| Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 13--6 \| Mike Nickels \| Submission (rear-naked choke) \| MFC 22 \| `{{dts|2009|October|02}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 4:02 \| Enoch, Alberta, Canada \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 13--5 \| Wayne Cole \| KO (punch) \| FCF: Freestyle Cage Fighting \| `{{dts|2009|August|08}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 2:42 \| Oklahoma, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 12--5 \| Shawn Dezee \| KO (punches) \| FCF: Freestyle Cage Fighting \| `{{dts|2009|June|27}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 2:47 \| Durant, Oklahoma, United States \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 11--5 \| Travis Galbraith \| Decision (split) \| MFC 21 \| `{{dts|2009|May|15}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Enoch, Alberta, Canada \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 11--4 \| Roger Hollett \| Submission (guillotine choke) \| MFC 20 \| `{{dts|2009|February|20}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:58 \| Enoch, Alberta, Canada \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 10--4 \| Emanuel Newton \| Submission (rear-naked choke) \| MFC 18: Famous \| `{{dts|2008|September|26}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 1:19 \| Enoch, Alberta, Canada \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 10--3 \| Shepard Owens \| TKO (punches) \| Freestyle Cage Fighting \| `{{dts|2008|June|14}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:19 \| Shawnee, Oklahoma, United States \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 9--3 \| Tim Boetsch \| TKO (throw and punches) \| UFC 81 \| `{{dts|2008|February|02}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 4:52 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 9--2 \| Renato Sobral \| Technical Submission (anaconda choke) \| UFC 74 \| `{{dts|2007|August|25}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 3:30 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 9--1 \| Lyoto Machida \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 70 \| `{{dts|2007|April|21}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Manchester, England, United Kingdom \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 9--0 \| Victor Valimaki \| Decision (split) \| UFC Fight Night: Sanchez vs. Riggs \| `{{dts|2006|December|13}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| San Diego, California, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 8--0 \| Cory Walmsley \| Submission (rear-naked choke) \| UFC 62: Liddell vs
| 545 |
David Heath (fighter)
| 1 |
10,083,010 |
# Boschia grandiflora
***Boschia grandiflora***, the **ghost durian** or **durian munjit**, is a tree endemic to the island of Borneo.
## Description
*Boschia grandiflora* is a medium-sized tree up to 30 m tall, with a trunk diameter up to 50 cm. The tree has buttresses. The ellipsoid fruit measures up to 20 cm by 15 cm and features spines up to 2 cm long. Their coloration can range from greenish-brown to bluish-grey. The brown seeds measure up to 3 cm long, and are covered by an edible aril.
## Uses
*Boschia grandiflora* is an edible species, formerly in the genus *Durio*, which produces the popular fruit known as durian. The fruit of this species has yellow flesh. The seeds have a red, edible aril. The wood is used in construction and for furniture
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Boschia grandiflora
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10,083,014 |
# With or Without You (album)
***With or Without You*** is a live CD/DVD U2 tribute album recorded by the Dutch band Kane. The DVD was filmed on 20 September 2000 at Plan C in Rotterdam. The CD was recorded a day later, at Paridiso, Amsterdam. The album was released in December 2000, but only in the Netherlands.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
The track listing on both the CD and DVD are the same, though the DVD includes an extra track. The recording covers songs from five U2 albums.
\# Song CD track time DVD track time
------ ------------------------------------ --------------- ----------------
1\. \"Where the Streets Have No Name\" 5:56 5:56
2\. \"The Cry\" / \"The Electric Co.\" 5:15 5:02
3\. \"One\" 7:20 7:19
4\. \"I Will Follow\" 4:29 4:08
5\. \"With or Without You\" 6:21 6:21
6\. \"Acrobat\" 5:29 5:29
7\. \"The Unforgettable Fire\" 8:36 7:37
8\. \"Running to Stand Still\" 4:00 3:23
9\. \"All I Want Is You\" 0:59 1:01
10\. \"Bullet the Blue Sky\" 12:59 10:07
11\. \"Pride (In the Name of Love)\" 5:41
12\
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With or Without You (album)
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