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# 2006 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament
The **2006 Buffalo Funds - NAIA Men\'s Division I Basketball Tournament** was held from March 15 to 21 at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. This was the 69th annual NAIA Division I basketball tournament and featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format.
The unranked Texas Wesleyan University Rams defeated the Oklahoma City University Stars by a score of 67 to 65. 2006 marked the second year in a row an unranked team won the National Championship. Undeterred by this loss, the Stars went on to win the next two National Championship titles. The other teams that made it to the NAIA National Semifinals were Oklahoma Baptist University and Robert Morris (IL).
## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
- **Leading scorer**: *Willie Irick*, Oklahoma City; in 5 games Irick scored a total of 85 points, including 31 field goals and 17 free throws averaging 17.0 points per game.
- **Leading rebounder**: *Freeman Taylor*, Robert Morris (IL); in 4 games Taylor earned 61 rebounds averaging 15.25 per game
- **Most consecutive tournament appearances**: *15th*, Georgetown (KY)
- **Most tournament appearances**: *Georgetown (KY)*, 25th of 30, appearances to the NAIA Tournament
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# De Motu
***De Motu*** is Latin for \'On Motion\' and is used as the title, or in the title, of a number of notable works:
- *De Motu* (Berkeley\'s essay), fully *De Motu: Sive, de Motus Principio & Natura, et de Causa Communicationis Motuum* (\'On Motion: or The Principle and Nature of Motion and the Cause of the Communication of Motions\'), a 1721 essay by George Berkeley
- *De motu corporum in gyrum* (\'On the motion of bodies in an orbit\'), the presumed title of a manuscript by Isaac Newton sent to Edmond Halley in November 1684
- *Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus* (\'An Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Living Beings\'), or *De motu cordis*, a 1628 book published by William Harvey
- *De Motu Antiquiora* (\'The Older Writings on Motion\'), or simply *De Motu*, Galileo Galilei\'s early written work on motion, written between 1589 and 1592 but not published until 1687
- *De motu animalium* (\'On the Motion of Animals\'), a treatise about by Aristotle
- *De motu animalium*, by Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608--1679), relating animals to machines
- *De motu animalium spontaneo*, by Pierre Petit (1617--1687), opposing René Descartes and Cartesianism
Category:Latin words and phrases
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# Roger Beaufrand
**Roger Beaufrand** (25 September 1908 -- 14 March 2007) was the world\'s oldest Olympic gold medal winner, following the death of Pakistani Field Hockey player Feroze Khan in 2005 until his own death.
Born near Paris, France, Beaufrand won a gold medal on 7 August at the 1928 Summer Olympics in the field of Olympic sprint at the age of 19. A few weeks prior to his death, he was presented the *Chevalier* class of the Legion of Honour by fellow Olympic Champion Jean-Claude Killy
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# Tennessee State Route 191
**State Route 191** (abbreviated **SR 191**) is a 24.02 mi north-south secondary state highway in Benton County, Tennessee.
## Route description {#route_description}
**SR 191** runs from I-40 (Exit 133) north to Nathan Bedford Forest State Park just north of Eva, Tennessee. This highway crosses US 70, US 70 Bus, and SR 69A. The section of road from I-40 to US 70 is also known as Birdsong Road. This highway passes through the small communities of Chalk Level, Eva, and the town of Camden.
Near the northern terminus this road features unstripped shoulders, narrow roadway width, hairpin curves, and degraded pavement. All sections of SR 191 are quite curvy, with speed limits at the southern sections dropping from 55 mi/h to 45 mi/h. North of Camden, the posted speed limit is 50 mi/h and drops off from 40 mi/h at Eva to as low as 20 mi/h inside the state park. Total length of highway is 24.02 mi
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# Jose Antonio Bengoechea
**Jose Bengoechea Anduiza** (December 1861 -- November 12, 1921) was a Basque-American born in Bedarona, Biscay, Spain. He is most notable for his self-made fortune in the early 20th century. He moved to the United States in 1897 and within twenty years he had a herd of over 100,000 sheep in southern Idaho. His motivation and ambition was seen through his many different roles as a local Basque \"king\" or \"father\" in Mountain Home, Idaho, serving as the Vice-President of the Mountain Home Bank and the owner of the finest hotel in the western United States at that time, The Bengoechea Hotel.
## Life in Basque Country {#life_in_basque_country}
Jose was born in 1860 in the house of Zaracondegui in Bedarona, Spain. Life in Bedarona was hard; after the loss of two wars (Carlist wars) in Basque Country, Bedarona became very impoverished in the 1880s, but spirits were lifted by the news of the success of relatives and townsfolk in the territories of the western United States. The Bengoechea family had lived in Olabe since 1796, but the wars ruined them. The only option for Jose was to move to the New World and start a new life.
## Early years in the U.S. {#early_years_in_the_u.s.}
Jose first moved to California then to Palo Alto, Nevada to work for the Altube family. He then moved to Bruneau, Idaho to start his own business. He was what we would call a modern day entrepreneur. He called on his brother Gabriel Bengoechea to come work on his farm and later called on Meliton Bengoechea; this was the beginning of his successful life as an American immigrant. The Bengoechea sheep company broke down into the Bill Smith Sheep Company and the Wood Creek Sheep Company after Jose\'s death.
## Life in the U.S. {#life_in_the_u.s.}
Jose was a millionaire, but illiterate. In 1900 he was the proprietor of an automobile when, in the United States, there had only been 14,000 registered cars. He did not know how to drive so he had to contract a driver. When people asked him what car was the best one, he always responded the same: \"a new one\".
He married in 1915 to Margarita Nachiondo Achabal, a Basque from Ispaster who had arrived at the country in 1912 and resided of Ogden, Utah. Margarita was 34 years younger and, in 1916, the first of his three children, Eva (1916--2007) was born. Soon thereafter Adam (1917--1984) and Joseph (1920--1964) were born. They lived in a beautiful mansion near the hotel.
## Death
Jose died on November 2, 1921, after which his family moved to Ogden, Utah. The hotel was subsequently owned by a corporation, run by Victor Yturri married with Cristina Plaza. The Yturris ran the hotel until about 1932. After his death most of the Bengoechea fortune was lost. Due to the Depression, his land and sheep were all worth nothing. The rest of the family moved to Ogden, Utah to start a new life
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# James Hurdis
**James Hurdis** (1763--1801) was an English clergyman and poet.
## Life
Born in Bishopstone, East Sussex, Hurdis attended The Prebendal School and studied at St Mary Hall, Oxford, and Magdalen College, Oxford, later becoming a Fellow of Magdalen College.
Hurdis was curate for the East Sussex village of Burwash from 1786, and it was there that he wrote *The Village Curate*, a blank verse poem published anonymously in 1788. thumb\|St Andrew\'s Church, Bishopstone In 1791 he became the vicar of his home church at Bishopstone. The following year his sister Catherine died. In 1793 he was appointed Professor of Poetry at Oxford University.
Sussex shepherds at this time used to catch wheatears in small cage traps to sell as songbirds. Hurdis used to free the trapped birds, but would leave coins in their place.
Hurdis died in 1801 and there is a memorial to him in Bishopstone Church. The Town Council Offices were at Hurdis House named in his honour.`{{fact|date=October 2020}}`{=mediawiki} His eldest son James Henry Hurdis was a notable amateur artist
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# Menu Foods
**Menu Foods Limited**, based in Streetsville in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, was the largest maker of wet cat and dog food in North America, with its products sold under 95 brand names, which the company identifies as supermarkets, big box and pet product retailers and wholesalers. It was bought out by Simmons Foods in August 2010.
In March 2007, after numerous animals fell ill and died during quality-control tests, the company recalled over 60 million containers of food. Subsequent to the recall, the Animal Health Laboratory at the University of Guelph in Ontario, identified contaminants in some of the recalled food: aminopterin, melamine, and cyanuric acid. If consumed by themselves, isolated doses of melamine or cyanuric acid should not cause health issues in pets. However, when these two chemicals are mixed together, an insoluble crystal is formed, that can rapidly obstruct the kidneys and cause kidney failure. The incident has been labelled \"one of the largest consumer-product recalls in North American history\".
## Company structure {#company_structure}
In 2002, Menu Foods Limited and Menu Foods Operating Limited Partnership were owned by Menu Foods Limited Partnership. In turn, the Menu Foods Income Fund had 72 per cent share in Menu Foods Limited Partnership.
## Overview
Menu Foods manufactures both low cost and high end pet food products. It manufactures pet food for 17 of the top 20 North American retailers, including PetSmart, Safeway, Wal-Mart, Pet Valu, Kroger, and Ahold USA. It is also a contract manufacturer of branded pet food products, manufacturing for five of the top six branded companies in North America, including Procter & Gamble, for which it is the exclusive supplier of canned wet pet food sold under the Iams brand, P&G having sold its South Dakota plant to Menu Foods in 2003. Menu Foods also produces Loblaws\' *President\'s Choice*, A&P\'s *Master Choice*, Sobeys\'s *Compliments*, Safeway\'s *Select*, *Eukanuba*, and *Nutro*.
Menu\'s production facilities are located in Emporia, Kansas; Pennsauken, New Jersey; and Streetsville, Ontario. The plants produce wet pet food in aluminum and steel cans at a rate of 1,000 cans per minute, or 1,110 85-gram pouches per minute. Jointly, the plants are able to produce over one billion containers a year.
Paul Henderson serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of Menu Foods. Mark Wiens is Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer.
### Store-brand cat food retailers {#store_brand_cat_food_retailers}
The following is a partial list of retailers that sell or sold store-brand cat food manufactured by Menu Foods. (The source material was revised and as of 2 May 2007 no longer lists retailers, only brands. A similar list existed for dog food.)
- A&P Supermarkets (The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company)
- DeMoulas\' Market Basket
- Food Lion
- Foodtown
- Hannaford
- H-E-B (As Hill Country Fare)
- Hy-Vee
- Kroger (As President\'s Choice)
- Loblaws
- Meijer
- Petsmart
- Price Chopper
- Safeway Inc.
- Save-A-Lot
- Sobeys
- Wal-Mart (As Ol\'Roy and Special Kitty)
- Wegmans
- Winn-Dixie
## Recall
The Associated Press reported on March 16, 2007, that Menu was recalling dog food sold under 53 brands, and cat food sold under 42 brands, after an unknown number of animals suffered kidney failure after eating it. Chief Executive and President Paul Henderson said the company had received an undisclosed number of complaints that pets were vomiting and suffering kidney failure. At least 471 cases of poisoning have been reported and 104 animals have died
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| 0 |
10,111,613 |
# Hello (Turn Your Radio On)
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{{single chart|Germany|12|songid=2554|artist=Shakespears Sister|song=Hello (Turn Your Radio On)|accessdate=18 May 2020}}
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``
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# Second Haniyeh Government
The **Second Haniyeh Government**, also known as the **Palestinian National Unity Government of March 2007** (*المجلس الفلسطيني لآذار 17 2007*), was a Palestinian Authority unity government headed by Ismail Haniyeh, the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority that was formed on 17 March 2007 and dissolved on 14 June 2007.
The Unity Government was formed on 17 March 2007 following negotiations in Mecca, but due to failing international support (because it did not meet the conditions required by the Quartet on the Middle East), it was short-lived. Israel immediately rejected the Government and said it will deal with Abbas, but not with the new government unless it recognizes the Jewish state. Israeli officials said they would try to persuade the world not to deal with the government.
The Government was dissolved by President Mahmoud Abbas on 14 June 2007 after the Hamas takeover of Gaza.
## Background
Hamas decisively won the 2006 Palestinian legislative election held on 25 January 2006. Israel and the Quartet on the Middle East had previously stated that their continued aid to and dialogue with the PA under a Hamas government was conditional on Hamas agreeing to three conditions: recognition of Israel, the disavowal of violent actions, and acceptance of previous agreements between Israel and the PA, including the Oslo Accords. Haniya refused to accept these conditions. On the day the First Haniyeh Government was sworn in, on 29 March, Israel and the Quartet stopped all dialogue with the PA and especially any member of the Hamas government, ceased providing aid to the PA and imposed sanctions against the PA under Hamas. Israel had also withheld the transfers of PA revenues for more than a year.
President Abbas and the Fatah-dominated PLO developed a plan to replace the Hamas government with one acceptable to Israel and the international community. According to the plan, unveiled in Al Jazeera\'s Palestine Papers, a national unity government would be formed to prepare early presidential and legislative elections by mid-2007. If the establishment of a government meeting the Quartet\'s conditions failed, Abbas would dismiss the government and form an emergency government or call early elections. An \"Action Plan Leading to Early Elections\" envisioned a strong enlargement of Fatah\'s Presidential Guard, internal reform of Fatah, empowering of presidential institutions, resumption of aid by the international community through the President\'s Office, and the end of withholding of taxes by Israel.
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# Second Haniyeh Government
## Timeline
On 25 January 2006, Hamas won the elections for the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC).
On 29 March 2006, the First Haniyeh-led PA government was sworn in. Israel, the United States, the European Union and several other countries impose sanctions against the PA, including suspension of all international aid.
On 17 June 2006, a *temporary international mechanism* was created to channel aid to Palestinians bypassing the Hamas-led PA government, including paying aid funds directly to the accounts of President Abbas.
On 8 February 2007, negotiations resulted in the Fatah--Hamas Mecca Agreement to form a Palestinian national unity government. The agreement was signed by Abbas on behalf of Fatah and by Khaled Mashal on behalf of Hamas. The agreement also contained a \"letter of commission\" from Abbas to Haniyeh, calling on Haniyeh as premier of the next government to achieve Palestinian national goals as approved by the Palestine National Council, the Basic Law and the National Reconciliation Document (the Prisoners\' Document) as well as the decisions of the Arab summit.
On 17 March 2007, Haniyeh presented the national unity government to the PLC, which was approved 83--3. At the time, 41 of the 132 members of the PLC were in Israeli detention. The 25 ministers were sworn in the next day by President Abbas. The program of the national unity government included ending the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and recognizing the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people, and the establishment of the independent Palestinian state with full sovereignty within the 1967 borders, with al-Quds as its capital, implementation of the Cairo Agreement pertaining to the PLO, and commitment to the Palestinian right of return. Israel rejected the new government.
Between 10 and 14 June 2007, Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip after fierce battles between Fatah and Hamas.
On 14 June 2007, President Abbas declared a state of emergency by presidential decree, and dismissed the Haniyeh-led unity government. He appointed an emergency government led by Salam Fayyad and controversially suspended articles of the Basic Law to dispense with the need for PLC approval of the new government. The Fayyad government was swiftly recognized by the international community. Haniyeh and Hamas have refused to accept the dismissal, and continues to claim it is the legitimate caretaker government of the Palestinian Authority on the basis that the PLC, which continues to be controlled by Hamas, has not approved the new government
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# Remixed & Covered
***Remixed & Covered*** is a 2007 double album by Xiu Xiu. One disc contains cover versions of the band\'s songs, whilst the other contains remixes of their originals.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
### Disc One (*Covered*) {#disc_one_covered}
1. Larsen - \"Mousey Toy\" (originally from *La Forêt*)
2. Oxbow - \"Saturn\" (originally from *La Forêt*)
3. Sunset Rubdown - \"Apistat Commander\" (originally from *A Promise*)
4. Marissa Nadler - \"Clowne Towne\" (originally from *Fabulous Muscles*)
5. Good For Cows - \"Sad Pony Guerilla Girl\" (originally from *A Promise*)
6. Kid 606 - \"Fabulous Muscles\" (originally from *Fabulous Muscles*)
7. Why? - \"The Wig Master\" (originally from *The Air Force,* title adds \"The\")
8. Her Space Holiday - \"I Love The Valley OH!\" (originally from *Fabulous Muscles*)
9. Devendra Banhart - \"Support Our Troops\" (originally from *Fabulous Muscles,* title omits \"OH! (Black Angels OH!)\")
### Disc Two (*Remixed*) {#disc_two_remixed}
1. \"Hello From Eau Claire\" (Remixed by Gold Chains) (originally from *The Air Force*)
2. \"Ceremony\" (Remixed by Xiu Xiu) (originally from *Chapel of the Chimes*)
3. \"Suha\" (Remixed by Warbucks) (originally from *Knife Play*)
4. \"Ale\" (Remixed by Cherry Point) (originally from *La Forêt*)
5. \"Over Over\" (Remixed by Son) (originally from *Knife Play*)
6. \"Buzz Saw\" (Remixed by This Song is a Mess but So Am I) (originally from *The Air Force*)
7. \"Bishop, CA\" (Remixed by Kid 606) (originally from *The Air Force*)
8. \"Tonite & Today\" (Remixed by Grouper) (originally from *Knife Play,* title omits (What \'chu talkin\' \'bout?))
9. \"The Air Force\" (Remixed by To Live and Shave in L.A.) (uses various tracks from *The Air Force*)
### iTunes/eMusic/Spotify exclusives {#itunesemusicspotify_exclusives}
1. \"Apistat Commander\" (Covered by Parts & Labor) (originally from *A Promise*)
2. \"Clowne Towne\" (Covered by So So Modern) (originally from *Fabulous Muscles*)
3. \"I Broke Up\" (Remixed by Kill Me Tomorrow) (originally from *Knife Play,* title omits (SJ))
4
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# Gulf of Valencia
The **Gulf of Valencia** (*Golf de València*, *Golfo de Valencia*), is a gulf or inlet of the western Mediterranean Sea, on the eastern coast of Spain. Its limits are the Cap de la Nau headland in the south, while the northern limit is diffuse: for some it is the Cape of Vinaròs; and for others it is the Ebre Delta. When the Cape of Vinaròs is used the Gulf of Valencia\'s coast is entirely within the Valencian Community. When the Ebre Delta is used its northern coast is within southern Catalonia.
The tiny Columbretes islets are located in the gulf. The Gulf of Valencia is bisected by the Prime Meridian.
## Geography
The coast along the Gulf of Valencia is typically a sandy plain with beaches. The distinctive shoreline features in this region are the coastal marshes, with the Albufera estuary an example. It is a Ramsar Convention listed wetland of importance.
The gulf area is among the finest examples of the Mediterranean climate in Spain. The coast along the Gulf of Valencia is densely populated, with one of the highest population densities in Spain.
### Uses
Adjacent are low and fertile lands, with rice and especially citrus trees producing oranges and lemons, as the dominant crops.
In May 2011 the energy firm Cairn Energy obtained licenses to explore for oil and operate drilling rigs and oil platforms in 4000 km2 in the Gulf of Valencia from the Spanish government. There are environmental concerns about offshore drilling here
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# Changis-sur-Marne
**Changis-sur-Marne** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃɑ̃ʒi syʁ maʁn|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Xenophôn-Changis-sur-Marne.wav}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Changissois* for men and *Changissoise* for women
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# Heer, Maastricht
**Heer** is a neighbourhood of Maastricht, in the Dutch province of Limburg. Heer is a former municipality and village, incorporated into Maastricht in 1970 and, until 1828, this municipality was called \"Heer en Keer\". The municipality covered the former villages of Heer and Scharn. It is located on the right bank of the river Meuse.
## Impressions
<File:Maastricht> - rijksmonument 506637 - R.K. Kerk St Petrus Banden (Heer) - Dorpstraat 78 20110807.jpg\|National monument 506637, *St Petrus Banden* Church <File:Maastricht> - rijksmonument 506693 - Kloosterkapel Opveld - Veldstraat 20 20100903
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# Chanteloup-en-Brie
**Chanteloup-en-Brie** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃɑ̃tlu ɑ̃ bʁi|-|Fr-Chanteloup-en-Brie.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}, literally *Chanteloup in Brie*, before 1987: *Chanteloup*) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Population
The inhabitants are called *Chanteloupiens* in French. `{{clear left}}`{=mediawiki}
## Education
There are two schools: Maternelle Le Cantou (preschool) and Élémentaire Le Loupiot (elementary school)
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# Wing Wah
**Wing Wah** (`{{zh|t=榮華}}`{=mediawiki}) is a Hong Kong--based restaurant chain and food manufacturer owned by **Wing Wah Food Manufactory Limited** (*榮華食品製造業有限公司*). The company is most renowned for its mooncakes, and also produces: Chinese sausage, cakes, and teas. `{{TOC limit|2}}`{=mediawiki}
## History
The company was first established in 1950 by Lau Pui Ling 劉培齡 and 趙聿修. The Wing Wah restaurant started trading in a four-story building in Yuen Long which included a retail shop which sold its mooncakes. The business was incorporated in 1962. In 1963, it launched a new mooncake made from white lotus paste. The Wanchai branch was opened in 1967, and a larger restaurant was opened in Yuen Long in 1975.
The retail side of the business has grown, with branches all over Hong Kong selling Chinese sausage, cakes, and teas. In the 1990s, the company built the eponymous Wing Wah Centre in its home district of Yuen Long, and continued opening shops in high traffic areas such as Hong Kong International Airport, and a multimedia tea museum at Ngong Ping on Lantau.
## Development
In 1960s, Hong Kong Wing Wah Cake Shop mainly concentrated on its bakery business and was reorganised into a limited liability company. A manufacturing plant was established in Hong Kong with the introduction of various kinds of automated production machines to upgrade overall product quality.
In the 1970s, Wing Wah founded its own retail outlets at different locations, including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories, in order to actively expand and promote its business. During this period, the company also began to expand its sales into international markets, selling mooncakes in over 100 major cities in mainland China, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other Southeast Asian countries.
In the 1980s, Wing Wah began to focus on the China market. Until now, Wing Wah mooncakes have reached as far as Inner Mongolia and Harbin.
In late 90s, it was the first Chinese cake shop to open up retail branches at the Hong Kong International Airport.
## Products
- Moon Cake Series
- Icy Moon Cake Series (Snow skin mooncake)
- Chinese Preserved Sausage Series
- Chinese Cakes
- Chinese Wedding Cake
- Chinese Tea Series
- Seasonal Food
## Contribution
Wing Wah Cake Shop has participated in various charitable activities. Since 1989, \"community mooncakes\" are made every Mid-Autumn Festival to raise money for charity. All funds raised are donated to The Community Chest of Hong Kong
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
The **2007 season** was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers\' 32nd in the National Football League (NFL), the 10th playing their home games at Raymond James Stadium, and the sixth under head coach Jon Gruden. On December 16, 2007, they clinched the NFC South division title, and returned to the playoffs after missing it in 2006. However, they were defeated 24--14 in the Wildcard Round by the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants. The Wildcard game was Jon Gruden\'s final playoff appearance as head coach of the Buccaneers before being dismissed at the conclusion of the next season. This would be the last season the Buccaneers qualified for the playoffs until 2020, and the last season the Buccaneers won their division until 2021.
On December 16, in a game against the Atlanta Falcons, Micheal Spurlock scored the first kickoff return touchdown in franchise history, snapping a streak of 32 seasons, 497 games (at 53 stadiums in 38 cities), 139 individuals, and 1,864 unsuccessful attempts. The play earned Spurlock the NFC Special Teams Player of the Week award.
## Staff
## Offseason
The 2007 offseason proved to be productive for the Buccaneers. General manager Bruce Allen and head coach Jon Gruden had approximately US\$24 million in salary cap space with which to maneuver during free agency. They made a splash on the first day of free agency by signing two quarterbacks: unrestricted free agent Jeff Garcia (Eagles) and Jake Plummer (Broncos) in a trade for a conditional pick in the 2008 draft (believed to be a 4th round selection if Plummer played). Controversy soon followed as Plummer announced his retirement on the same day, citing his health and his lack of a desire to compete for a job and learn a new system. However, he did not complete his retirement paperwork with the league. Many believed that Plummer was simply trying to retire so that he could later unretire and play for the Texans. They are led by his former coach Gary Kubiak, under whom Plummer played his best three years of football. The league reviewed the trade to make sure that Plummer had not retired before the trade (a retired player cannot be traded), but he had not and his rights officially belong to the Buccaneers. Other free agent losses and signings are as follows:
**Signings**
- New York Giants OT Luke Petitgout, signed after being waived by his former team for medical reasons.
- Miami Dolphins UFA DE/DT Kevin Carter
- Indianapolis Colts UFA LB Cato June who was selected to the Pro Bowl two years ago
- New York Jets UFA FB B.J. Askew
- Denver Broncos UFA DE/LB Patrick Chukwurah who had 4.5 sacks last season off of the bench. He is reunited with his former defensive coordinator, the current Buccaneers defensive line coach, Larry Coyer.
- San Francisco 49ers UFA CB Sammy Davis, a former first round pick by the San Diego Chargers.
- San Francisco 49ers UFA DT Lance Legree, who has recorded 138 tackles and seven sacks in 76 games, including 25 starts. He was released on April 10.
- DT Kenny Smith, who was out of football last season, but spent four seasons with the New Orleans Saints and one year with the Oakland Raiders, totaling 69 tackles and 4½ sacks.
- New Orleans Saints UFA WR Levon Thomas who spent most of his time on the practice squad after being signed as an UFA by the Indianapolis Colts following the 2005 NFL draft.
**Losses**
- The key loss for the Buccaneers was standout DE and former second round pick, Dewayne White who left to sign with his former DL coach, the current head coach of the Detroit Lions, Rod Marinelli.
- Versatile Lineman Sean Mahan left to join the Pittsburgh Steelers to reunite with another former Tampa Bay coach, Mike Tomlin.
- The team released veteran linebacker Shelton Quarles after it was reported he failed a physical. Quarles had long been a productive player for Tampa, having spent his entire ten-year NFL career with the team.
- Following the draft, the Buccaneers released cornerback Juran Bolden, safety Tra Boger, long snapper Adam Johnson and defensive tackle Kenny Smith.
**Re-signings** After brief stays on the open market, the Buccaneers re-signed CBs Phillip Buchanon and Torrie Cox, the latter known as a special teams standout. They also re-signed fan favorite Mike Alstott to a one-year contract, but ultimately lost him to injured reserve after a neck injury during the preseason.
## Roster
+----------------------------------------+
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2007 final roster |
+========================================+
| **Quarterbacks** |
| |
| - Jeff Garcia |
| |
| - Bruce Gradkowski |
| |
| - Luke McCown |
| |
| **Running backs** |
| |
| - B. J. Askew FB |
| |
| - Michael Bennett |
| |
| - *Kenneth Darby* |
| |
| - Earnest Graham |
| |
| - Michael Pittman |
| |
| - *Byron Storer* FB |
| |
| **Wide receivers** |
| |
| - Brian Clark |
| |
| - Michael Clayton |
| |
| - Joey Galloway |
| |
| - Ike Hilliard |
| |
| - Chad Lucas |
| |
| - Micheal Spurlock |
| |
| **Tight ends** |
| |
| - Anthony Becht |
| |
| - Alex Smith |
| |
| - Jerramy Stevens |
+----------------------------------------+
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## 2007 NFL draft {#nfl_draft}
The 2007 NFL draft took place in Radio City Music Hall on April 28--29, 2007. The Buccaneers were either to pick third or fourth in the draft, to be determined by a coin flip with the Cleveland Browns because the two teams had identical records and strength of schedule. Buccaneers GM Bruce Allen called heads and the coin landed tails. For the first round, the Buccaneers picked fourth. The two teams alternated picking third and fourth in each round. In addition to their given picks, Tampa Bay also holds the Colts\' second round pick, the 64th pick overall (because of a midseason trade for Anthony McFarland), but also lost a sixth round pick in a trade for tight end Doug Jolley formerly of the New York Jets. They also received two compensatory picks, awarded for losses during free agency. During the draft, the Buccaneers swapped fourth-rounders with the Minnesota Vikings in exchange for their pick in the sixth round.
## Preseason
The Tampa Bay Buccaneers held Training Camp at Disney\'s Wide World of Sports Complex from July 26 through August 16. They played four preseason games.
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap \|-style=\"background: #cfc;\" align=\"center 1 New England Patriots **W** 13--10 1--0 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007081002/2007/PRE1/patriots@buccaneers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\"align=\"center 2 at Jacksonville Jaguars **L** 31--19 1--1 Jacksonville Municipal Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007081805/2007/PRE2/buccaneers@jaguars?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" align=\"center 3 at Miami Dolphins **W** 31--28 2--1 Dolphin Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007082501/2007/PRE3/buccaneers@dolphins?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" align=\"center 4 Houston Texans **W** 31--24 3--1 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007083007/2007/PRE4/texans@buccaneers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
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**Notes**
- On August 9, 2007, fullback Mike Alstott was placed on injured reserve due to a neck injury, ending his 2007 season.
- On August 30, 2007, with three minutes left in preseason, during the final touchdown against the Texans, wide receiver Paris Warren suffered a severe injury to his leg, and he was placed on injured reserve.
- Prior to the beginning of the regular season, the Buccaneers made their final cuts. Among others, notable players included DT Ellis Wyms, a starter last season, and CB Alan Zemaitis a 2005 Fourth Round Draft pick.
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## Schedule
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap \|-style=\"background: #fcc;\" align=\"center 1 September 9 at Seattle Seahawks **L** 6--20 0--1 Qwest Field [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200709090sea.htm) \|-style=\"background: #cfc;\" align=\"center 2 September 16 **New Orleans Saints** **W** 31--14 1--1 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200709160tam.htm) \|-style=\"background: #cfc;\" align=\"center 3 September 23 St. Louis Rams **W** 24--3 2--1 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200709230tam.htm) \|-style=\"background: #cfc;\" align=\"center 4 September 30 at **Carolina Panthers** **W** 20--7 3--1 Bank of America Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200709300car.htm) \|-style=\"background: #fcc;\" align=\"center 5 October 7 at Indianapolis Colts **L** 14--33 3--2 RCA Dome [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200710070clt.htm) \|-style=\"background: #cfc;\" align=\"center 6 October 14 Tennessee Titans **W** 13--10 4--2 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200710140tam.htm) \|-style=\"background: #fcc;\" align=\"center 7 October 21 at Detroit Lions **L** 16--23 4--3 Ford Field [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200710210det.htm) \|-style=\"background: #fcc;\" align=\"center 8 October 28 Jacksonville Jaguars **L** 23--24 4--4 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200710280tam.htm) \|-style=\"background: #cfc;\" align=\"center 9 November 4 Arizona Cardinals **W** 17--10 5--4 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200711040tam.htm)
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10 *Bye* \|-style=\"background: #cfc;\" align=\"center 11 November 18 at **Atlanta Falcons** **W** 31--7 6--4 Georgia Dome [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200711180atl.htm) \|-style=\"background: #cfc;\" align=\"center 12 November 25 Washington Redskins **W** 19--13 7--4 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200711250tam.htm) \|-style=\"background: #cfc;\" align=\"center 13 December 2 at **New Orleans Saints** **W** 27--23 8--4 Louisiana Superdome [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200712020nor.htm) \|-style=\"background: #fcc;\" align=\"center 14 December 9 at Houston Texans **L** 14--28 8--5 Reliant Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200712090htx.htm) \|-style=\"background: #cfc;\" align=\"center 15 December 16 **Atlanta Falcons** **W** 37--3 9--5 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200712160tam.htm) \|-style=\"background: #fcc;\" align=\"center 16 December 23 at San Francisco 49ers **L** 19--21 9--6 Monster Park [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200712230sfo.htm) \|-style=\"background: #fcc;\" align=\"center 17 December 30 **Carolina Panthers** **L** 23--31 9--7 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200712300tam.htm)
## Standings
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## Regular season game summaries {#regular_season_game_summaries}
### Week 1: at Seattle Seahawks {#week_1_at_seattle_seahawks}
The Buccaneers began their 2007 campaign on the road against their fellow 1976 expansion mate, the Seattle Seahawks. In the first quarter, kicker Matt Bryant provided two field goals for Tampa Bay (a 38-yarder and a 32-yarder) to begin the game. In the second quarter, the Seahawks took the lead with kicker Josh Brown\'s 28-yard field goal, while RB Shaun Alexander got a 1-yard TD run. During a scoreless third quarter, injuries sidelined Tampa Bay running back Cadillac Williams (ribs) and quarterback Jeff Garcia (head). Garcia, however, returned to the game. Seattle wrapped up the win with Brown\'s 46-yard field goal, while QB Matt Hasselbeck completed a 34-yard TD pass to RB Maurice Morris.
With the loss, the Buccaneers began their season at 0--1, their third opening day defeat in the past four seasons.
### Week 2: vs New Orleans Saints {#week_2_vs_new_orleans_saints}
The Buccaneers played their home opener against the 2006 NFC South champion New Orleans Saints. After scoring only 6 points the week before, the Buccaneers dominated the Saints, on offense and defense, at one point taking a 28--0 lead. Early in the first quarter, Barrett Ruud recovered a Deuce McAllister fumble, which set up a Tampa Bay scoring drive. Carnell Williams, who was back in the lineup after injuring his ribs the week before, capped off the drive with a one-yard touchdown run. Early in the second quarter, Joey Galloway scored on a 69-yard catch and run from quarterback Jeff Garcia. Inside the two-minute warning, Garcia and Galloway scored again, this time with a 24-yard touchdown, to take a 21--0 halftime lead. Halfway through the third quarter, Cato June intercepted a pass from Drew Brees. Two plays later, Garcia and Galloway connected for yet another big play, a 41-yard completion to the New Orleans 9-yard line. Williams capped off the drive with his second 1-yard touchdown. New Orleans\' first score came with a 1-yard touchdown run by Mike Karney, aided by a 58-yard catch by Phillip Buchanon moments earlier. The Buccaneers improved to 1--1, into a tie for the NFC South lead. New Orleans fell to 0--2.
Following the game, with 16 tackles, and 2 forced fumbles, middle linebacker Barrett Ruud was named the *NFC Defensive Player of the Week* on Wednesday September 19.
### Week 3: vs St. Louis Rams {#week_3_vs_st._louis_rams}
The Buccaneers and St. Louis Rams renewed a rivalry that was popular from 1999--2004. The early part of the game was a field position battle, with Rams running back Steven Jackson rushing effectively in the first half. All of St. Louis\' first half drives, however, came up empty on the scoreboard. Tampa Bay\'s first quarter drivers were also scoreless, with kicker Matt Bryant missing a 54-yard field goal short after slipping in the damp grass. Just before the two-minute warning, Rams kicker Jeff Wilkins missed a 42-yard field goal, setting up Tampa Bay\'s first score. After driving to the 17-yard line, a heavy downpour drenched the stadium. Matt Bryant connected on 27-yard field goal for the game\'s first points and concluded the first half. Tampa Bay received the second half kickoff, and rolled into the endzone with a 7-yard touchdown run by Carnell Williams. St. Louis drove to the Tampa Bay 10-yard line, aided by two uncharacteristic defensive penalties by Derrick Brooks (late hit) and Ronde Barber (taunting). The threat was moot, however, as Phillip Buchanon intercepted Marc Bulger in the endzone. In the fourth quarter, Carnell Williams, aggravated his sore ribs, and fumbled the ball while Oshiomogho Atogwe recovered for St. Louis. The Rams finally got on the scoreboard with a 25-yard field goal, narrowing the lead to 10--3 with 12 minutes to play. Back up running back Earnest Graham took over for Williams, and iced the game with two rushing touchdowns, the first of his career outside of the preseason.
### Week 4: at Carolina Panthers {#week_4_at_carolina_panthers}
The Buccaneers and Panthers met for the first time this season, with first place in the NFC South on the line. Carolina starting quarterback Jake Delhomme sat out the game with an elbow injury, and was replaced by David Carr. The Buccaneer offense started the game with an exhausting, 11-play, 71-yard drive, capped off by a 3-yard scramble by Jeff Garcia for a touchdown. With 3 minutes left in the first quarter, running back Carnell Williams blasted down the field for an 18-yard run, but his right leg buckled, seriously injuring his knee. As he was being carted off the field, nearly the entire Buccaneers team, along with several Panthers players, huddled around Williams in support. After the injury timeout, Earnest Graham salvaged the drive with a one-yard touchdown run. Tampa Bay extended their halftime lead to 17--0 after a Matt Bryant field goal, meanwhile, Carolina\'s offense was sputtering, blasted by the Buccaneers defense, who sacked Carr three times, and intercepted him once. Carr completed only 19 of 41 pass attempts, and Carolina was facing their first shutout in five seasons. With 23 seconds left in regulation, Carolina finally got on the board with a touchdown pass to DeAngelo Williams. An onside kick was unsuccessful, and the Buccaneers won their third straight game.
Through four games, the Buccaneers had not given up any points in the first quarter, and quarterback Jeff Garcia had not thrown an interception. After the game, the Buccaneers announced that running back Carnell Williams (torn patellar ligament) and left tackle Luke Petitgout (torn ACL) would both face season-ending surgery. On Wednesday, October 3, linebacker Barrett Ruud was named the *NFC Defensive Player of Month* for September with a league-leading 51 tackles, three forced fumbles, two fumble recoveries, and one interception.
### Week 5: at Indianapolis Colts {#week_5_at_indianapolis_colts}
The Buccaneers faced former head coach Tony Dungy for the second time. The previous meeting between the two teams in 2003 saw the Colts erase a 21-point deficit in the final four minutes to win the game in overtime. Both teams entered the game with players sidelined by injuries. Marvin Harrison and Joseph Addai sat out for Indianapolis, while Carnell Williams and Luke Petitgout were placed on injured reserve for Tampa Bay.
The Colts controlled the tempo of most of the game, with a time of possession of over 38 minutes and 400 yards of offense. The Buccaneers were held to only 177 total yards and only 17 yards rushing. The first three Buccaneers possessions were three-and-outs. Meanwhile, Indianapolis pulled out to a 13--0 lead. In the second quarter, Tanard Jackson intercepted Peyton Manning and set up the Buccaneers\' first scoring drive. During the drive, running back Michael Pittman left the game with an injured ankle. Two plays later Tampa Bay got on the board with a Jeff Garcia touchdown pass to Alex Smith, and narrowed the score to 13--7.
In the second half, Indianapolis continued to dominate both sides of the ball, and stretched their lead to 30--7. Garcia and Smith connected for a second touchdown pass with just over 9 minutes left in the fourth quarter, and made the score 30--14. Hoping to spark a comeback, Tampa Bay attempted a surprise onside kick, but it was called back by a penalty. Indianapolis then took the re-kick, and put three more points on the board with an Adam Vinatieri field goal. Bruce Gradkowski took over as quarterback for Tampa Bay, and subsequently threw an interception to seal the victory for the Colts.
The following day, on Monday, October 8, the Buccaneers announced that Michael Pittman would miss 6--8 weeks with a cracked fibula.
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## Regular season game summaries {#regular_season_game_summaries}
### Week 6: vs Tennessee Titans {#week_6_vs_tennessee_titans}
The Buccaneers hosted the Titans at Raymond James Stadium, their second inter-conference matchup in two weeks. Buccaneers running back Earnest Graham was a part of the starting lineup for the first time in his career, replacing the injured Michael Pittman, who sat out the game.
The first half was a defensive struggle, with neither team scoring in the first quarter. Early in the second quarter, Tennessee drove to the Buccaneers 32-yard line, but quarterback Vince Young fumbled the ball and the Buccaneers recovered. Jeff Garcia connected on a 39-yard pass play to Michael Clayton, to help set up a 23-yard Matt Bryant field goal, the first points of the game. Moments later, Phillip Buchanon intercepted Vince Young with 1:29 remaining in the half, to maintain a 3--0 halftime lead.
Tennessee took the second half kickoff, and executed a 12-play, 45-yard drive which resulted in a 48-yard field goal by Rob Bironas. On their next possession, Vince Young ran out of bounds, and suffered a strained quad. He would have to leave the game, and was replaced by Kerry Collins. On Tampa Bay\'s next drive, Garcia connected with Joey Galloway for a 69-yard touchdown catch. On the ensuing drive Ronde Barber intercepted a pass by Kerry Collins, but it ruled incomplete after review.
With less than four minutes remaining in regulation, Collins drove the Titans to the Buccaneers 23-yard line. For the second time, Ronde Barber intercepted Collins, this time in the endzone, but it was again ruled incomplete after review. The drive continued, and with 1:24 remaining, LenDale White tied the game 10--10 with a touchdown run. With only one timeout, Garcia drove the Buccaneers 55 yards on seven plays. With 11 seconds remaining, Matt Bryant kicked a game-winning 43-yard field goal.
This is the only time the Buccaneers have beaten the Titans since they moved from Houston, and one of only two Buccaneer victories against the Oilers/Titans franchise, the other occurring in 1983.
### Week 7: at Detroit Lions {#week_7_at_detroit_lions}
Tampa Bay racked up 422 yards of offense against Detroit, and quarterback Jeff Garcia passed for 316 yards, but two costly fumbles and one blocked punt allowed the Lions to take the victory.
In the first quarter, Tampa Bay and Detroit began what would be a physical game. Tampa Bay suffered injuries to Mark Jones (knee) and Michael Clayton (ankle), and neither returned. On the sixth play of the game, Detroit forced a fumble for a loss of 23 yards. However, an instant replay ruled the play an incomplete pass instead. Moments later, the Lions blocked a punt by Josh Bidwell, and the turnover led to a field goal. On the next drive, the Buccaneers drove 43 yards to the Lions 37-yard line, but a fumble between the exchange from Garcia to Earnest Graham was recovered by the Lions. Detroit moved quickly down the field and Kevin Jones scored the first touchdown of the game.
Early in the second quarter, Garcia capped off an 81-yard drive with a touchdown pass to Ike Hilliard. Their next possession, a 16-play, 58-yard drive, covered over 9 minutes. It came up empty, as Matt Bryant missed a field goal. Detroit moved quickly to score a field goal just before halftime.
Late in the third quarter, and early in the fourth quarter, Tampa Bay started another long drive. A 15-play, 73-yard drive of over 7 minutes took the Buccaneers to the Detroit 1-yard line. Tampa Bay had converted on two third downs, and one fourth down. But Garcia fumbled the handoff on a first and goal at the 1-yard line, and Detroit recovered. They drove 93 yards for their second touchdown.
Trailing by 16, Tampa Bay drove 78 yards in 16 plays, and Maurice Stovall caught Garcia\'s second touchdown pass. A two-point conversion failed, but Bryant performed an onside kick, which Tampa Bay recovered. The Buccaneers trimmed the deficit to 7, but a second onside kick failed, and Detroit took the victory.
### Week 8: vs Jacksonville Jaguars {#week_8_vs_jacksonville_jaguars}
Tampa Bay faced in-state rival Jacksonville Jaguars for the fourth time in the regular season. Injured Jacksonville starting quarterback David Garrard was replaced by Quinn Gray, while Jeff Garcia hoped to extend on a 217-consecutive passing streak without an interception.
In the first half, Jacksonville\'s running attack of Fred Taylor, LaBrandon Toefield and Maurice Jones-Drew rushed 15 times in their first 16 plays from scrimmage, and eventually set up a 10--3 lead. In the second quarter, Garcia threw his first interception of the season, which was returned for a Jacksonville score. Tampa Bay quickly responded, however, driving 81 yards in three plays, capped off with Garcia and Joey Galloway connecting for a 58-yard touchdown.
A momentum shift appeared to occur near the end of the second quarter, as Tampa Bay forced Jacksonville into a 3-and-out. Inside the two-minute warning, Garcia drove the Buccaneers to the 4-yard line. Garcia scrambled on 3rd & 10, colliding with Reggie Nelson, losing his helmet, but fell one yard short of the first down. Tampa Bay settled for a Matt Bryant field goal, and a 13--17 halftime deficit.
Tampa Bay\'s defense dominated the third quarter, forcing Jacksonville a turnover on downs, a fumble in the end zone (recovered by Gray on 1-yard line), and a blocked punt. The good field position led to Michael Bennett\'s first touchdown as a Buccaneer.
The fourth quarter saw Jacksonville re-take the lead with an 8-yard touchdown pass. Despite two late drives starting with decent field position, Tampa Bay\'s effort died when Garcia\'s pass was deflected and intercepted with 19 seconds remaining, his third pick of the game. The loss dropped Tampa Bay to 4--4, second place in the NFC South.
### Week 9: vs Arizona Cardinals {#week_9_vs_arizona_cardinals}
The Buccaneers beat the visiting Arizona Cardinals, snapping a two-game losing streak, and regained first place in the NFC South. Tampa Bay dominated the game, maintaining a time of possession of over 43 minutes with running back Earnest Graham rushing for 124 yards and one touchdown. Tampa Bay\'s defense held Arizona to only 23 yards rushing, and held them to 2 of 10 third down conversions.
In the first quarter, Arizona quickly drove down the field, connecting on a 47-yard pass from Kurt Warner to Larry Fitzgerald. The drive stalled, however, and they settled for 43-yard Neil Rackers field goal. Tampa Bay answered on the ensuing drive. On 3rd and 1, from the 42-yard line, Jeff Garcia fell, but avoided a sack, and scrambled for a first down. Two plays later he scored a 37-yard touchdown pass to Joey Galloway.
On the first play of the second quarter, Tanard Jackson intercepted Warner\'s pass, and Arizona was penalized 15 yards for a facemask, setting up the Buccaneers on the Arizona 27-yard line. Tampa Bay suffered two false start penalties, and settled for a field goal and took a 10--3 lead into halftime.
Tampa Bay took the second half kickoff and drove 64 yards in ten plays. The drive was capped off by a 2-yard touchdown run by Earnest Graham. Late in the third quarter, the Buccaneers started a 19-play, 86-yard drive, lasting nearly 9 minutes. At the 8-yard line, Garcia threw to Alex Smith but the pass was incomplete in the endzone. The drive came up empty when Matt Bryant missed a 26-yard field goal. Arizona quickly drove down the field and scored a touchdown by Edgerrin James, narrowing the margin to 17--10.
With 2:43 remaining in the game, Tampa Bay punted to Arizona. Maurice Stovall de-cleated receiver Steve Breaston at the Arizona 16-yard line, preventing a return. On the very next play, Jermaine Phillips intercepted Warner\'s pass, sealing the victory for Tampa Bay.
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## Regular season game summaries {#regular_season_game_summaries}
### Week 10: Bye week {#week_10_bye_week}
The Buccaneers had their scheduled bye the weekend of November 11. In week 10 action, Atlanta defeated Carolina, and St. Louis upset New Orleans, giving Tampa Bay sole possession of first place in the NFC South.
### Week 11: at Atlanta Falcons {#week_11_at_atlanta_falcons}
Tampa Bay faced their heated division rival for the first time this season, at the Georgia Dome. Tampa Bay dominated, and enjoyed the return of Michael Pittman from injury. Atlanta started quarterback Byron Leftwich. Atlanta suffered four turnovers, and 11 penalties for 105 yards in the loss.
In the first quarter, both teams traded punts on their opening drive. On Tampa Bay\'s second drive, Pittman caught an 11-yard pass but fumbled and it was recovered by Keith Brooking. An instant replay challenge upheld the ruling on the field. On the very next play, Byron Leftwich was hit as he released the ball, and it was intercepted by Barrett Ruud, who returned the ball to the 28-yard line. Tampa Bay drove 72 yards in three plays, as Joey Galloway caught a 44-yard touchdown.
In the second quarter, Leftwich was sacked from behind and fumbled the ball. Ronde Barber picked up the ball, and ran 41 yards for Tampa Bay\'s second touchdown. On Atlanta\'s next drive, Warrick Dunn fumbled at the 45-yard line. Atlanta challenged the ruling, and the call on the field was overturned and ruled an incomplete pass. The following play, Roddy White fumbled, and Brian Kelly recovered for Tampa Bay. He lateraled to Cato June, who then lost the ball. Despite an instant replay challenge by Tampa Bay, the ruling on the field was upheld. Atlanta, however, was unable to move down the field, and Tampa Bay took a 14--0 lead into halftime.
In the third quarter, Tampa Bay added a field goal, then Gaines Adams chopped Leftwich\'s arm as he threw and his floating pass was intercepted by Chris Hovan *(later in the week NFL officials revised the play to a sack & fumble recovery)*. Tampa Bay quickly scored another touchdown catch by Alex Smith. In the fourth quarter, Earnest Graham took over the offense for Tampa Bay, rushing 102 yards total, and a touchdown score. Atlanta avoided the shutout, replacing Leftwich with Joey Harrington, and scored a touchdown with 1:10 to go.
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## Regular season game summaries {#regular_season_game_summaries}
### Week 12: vs. Washington Redskins {#week_12_vs._washington_redskins}
Tampa Bay hosted Washington for the third time in three seasons during the month of November. Tampa Bay\'s defense dominated a good part of the game, forcing six turnovers, and despite quarterback Jeff Garcia sitting out most of the game, the Buccaneers held on for a 19--13 victory.
On the game\'s first play, Garcia tried to scramble, but injured his back upon being tackled by Cornelius Griffin. He lasted only two more plays, and was replaced by Bruce Gradkowski until early in the fourth quarter. Garcia\'s injury seemingly galvanized the Tampa Bay defense, who went on to cause 4 turnovers in the first half. Phillip Buchanon forced a fumble off the Redskins\' first pass which was recovered by Tanard Jackson who advanced it 8 yards to the Washington 19. Three plays later, Earnest Graham scored a 1-yard touchdown run. On the third play of Washington\'s next drive, Greg White hit Clinton Portis hard, forcing a fumble which Jackson recovered at the 19-yard line. Tampa took a 10--0 lead after a Matt Bryant field goal.
Early in the second quarter, Greg White forced yet another fumble as he sacked Jason Campbell which Kevin Carter recovered. The turnover led to another field goal. Portis fumbled again on the following drive as he took a bone-jarring hit from Jermaine Phillips and Tampa Bay capitalized with a third field goal. Before the half, Washington got on the board with a field goal, then Tampa Bay kicked a fourth field goal as the half expired to lead, 19--3.
The second half saw Washington attempt a comeback. Despite injuring his hand, Campbell stayed in the game, and threw a 39-yard touchdown pass to Chris Cooley. Meanwhile, Gradkowski stayed in at quarterback for Tampa Bay, and continued to perform poorly. Tampa Bay managed only 9 yards of offense in the third quarter, and 0 yards passing. The Redskins drove 66 yards in 13 plays and over nine minutes to the Tampa Bay 4-yard line. Tampa Bay\'s defense held on 4th and 1 at the 4, however, as linebacker Derrick Brooks shed several blockers to down Portis for no gain.
Washington narrowed the score to 19--13 in the fourth quarter. With about 11 minutes to go, Jeff Garcia returned to the game, hoping to spark Tampa Bay\'s offense, and hold on for the win. He was unable to do much against the Redskins\' well-rested and fired up defense, however, and Tampa Bay ended up having to punt. Josh Bidwell pinned the Redskins at their own 9-yard line, and Campbell drove them to the Tampa Bay 32-yard line. Ronde Barber stopped the threat when he intercepted the ball at the 28-yard line. With less than a minute to go, Campbell drove the Redskins to the Tampa Bay 16-yard line, but Brian Kelly intercepted the pass in the end zone with 17 seconds remaining, to clinch the victory for the Buccaneers.
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## Regular season game summaries {#regular_season_game_summaries}
### Week 13: at New Orleans Saints {#week_13_at_new_orleans_saints}
Tampa Bay took on the New Orleans Saints for the second time this season, this time at the Superdome. Luke McCown started at quarterback for the Buccaneers in place of the injured Jeff Garcia. McCown passed for 313 yards, and connected on his first 15 consecutive passes of the game.
The Buccaneers scored the first points of the game with Matt Bryant\'s 27-yard field goal. New Orleans answered with WR Terrance Copper catching a 4-yard touchdown pass from Drew Brees. Late in the first quarter, McCown connected with WR Joey Galloway for a 60-yard catch which set Tampa Bay up on 1-yard line.
Tampa Bay retook the lead early in the second quarter with TE Anthony Becht catching a 1-yard TD, and Matt Bryant making another field goal to increase the Tampa Bay lead to 13--7. New Orleans scored a touchdown just before halftime, a 45-yard pass to WR Devery Henderson, to make it 13--14 at halftime.
In the second half, RB Earnest Graham scored a 25-yard touchdown run. New Orleans had to punt on their ensuing possession, but disaster struck with 3 minutes remaining in the third quarter as miscommunication between McCown and Galloway led to a Saints interception which was returned for a touchdown.
Leading 21--20 with 4 minutes remaining in the game, Saints punter Steve Weatherford made a successful coffin corner punt which pinned the Buccaneers at their own 2-yard line. Two plays later, Delaware Will Smith sacked McCown for a safety. After the safety kick, New Orleans looked to run the clock out and seal the victory. However, in an unexpected and perhaps season-altering mistake, Reggie Bush fumbled a double reverse intended for WR Devery Henderson and Jovan Haye recovered for Tampa Bay at the New Orleans 37-yard line. Three plays later, the Buccaneers found themselves in a predicament as they faced a fourth down and 1 at the New Orleans 28. Instead of attempting a game-tying field goal, however, coach Jon Gruden went for it on fourth down, calling a run around right tackle which Graham converted for a first down. Three plays later, McCown found TE Jerramy Stevens for a 4-yard touchdown to win the game.
With the win, Tampa Bay improved to 8--4 and maintained a perfect division record. Tampa Bay only needed to win one game in the final four weeks to clinch the NFC South division crown.
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## Regular season game summaries {#regular_season_game_summaries}
### Week 14: at Houston Texans {#week_14_at_houston_texans}
Tampa Bay faced the Texans for only the second time in the regular season, and for the first time during the regular season at Reliant Stadium. With a win, or losses by New Orleans and Carolina, Tampa Bay would clinch the NFC South division title. Tampa Bay\'s postseason berth, however, would have to wait at least another night, as the Texans capitalized on a sluggish Buccaneers squad.
For the second week in a row, Luke McCown started in place of injured Jeff Garcia. Meanwhile, back-up quarterback Sage Rosenfels led the Texans. Tampa Bay took the opening kickoff, and drove to the Houston 34-yard line. Coach Jon Gruden elected to go for it on 4th down and 2, but running back Earnest Graham was tackled for no gain. Houston took over on downs, and scored a quick and convincing touchdown pass. On the ensuing kickoff, Tampa Bay\'s Micheal Spurlock returned the ball 45 yards to the Houston 47. Even though the drive ended in a punt, the good field position helped pin the Texans deep on their next drive. Greg White sacked Rosenfels and forced a fumble, which was recovered by Jovan Haye the Houston 25. Five plays later, Earnest Graham scored his first rushing touchdown to tie the score 7--7.
Later in the second quarter, Ike Hilliard caught a pass for a first down at the Houston 28, but Will Demps hit Hillard in an apparent helmet-to-helmet and forced a fumble, but did not draw a penalty. Houston recovered, and soon scored a second touchdown to lead 14--7 at halftime.
Houston received the second half kickoff, which André Davis returned 97 yards for a touchdown. Just over two minutes later, Tampa Bay responded with a four-play, 69-yard drive, capped off by Graham\'s second rushing touchdown. Tampa Bay, however, did not score again.
Houston added another score early in the fourth quarter, and held on for a 28--14 victory. Tampa Bay fell to 8--5, but still controlled their own destiny for the division championship and overall playoff picture. A single victory in the final three weeks would clinch the NFC South championship. In other week 14 action, Carolina lost to Jacksonville, eliminating them from the division race, and New Orleans defeated Atlanta, keeping themselves mathematically alive for the division title.
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## Regular season game summaries {#regular_season_game_summaries}
### Week 15: vs. Atlanta Falcons {#week_15_vs._atlanta_falcons}
The Buccaneers stayed home this week for a rematch against their division rivals the Atlanta Falcons. With the convincing victory, Tampa Bay clinched the NFC South division title, maintained a perfect 5--0 division record, and scored their first kickoff return touchdown in franchise history.
Tampa Bay\'s defense recorded the first points of the game, as Ronde Barber intercepted Chris Redman\'s pass on the third play of the game and returned it 29 yards for a touchdown. Atlanta got on the board next with kicker Morten Andersen making a 33-yard field goal. On the ensuing kickoff, Micheal Spurlock made team history by becoming the first Buccaneer player to return a kickoff for a touchdown. It was the first kickoff return touchdown for Tampa Bay in 32 seasons, 498 games, and 1,865 attempts.
After the Buccaneer defense forced a Falcons punt, Jeff Garcia commandeered a long, clock-eating 10-minute drive ending in a 33-yard field goal by Matt Bryant to make the score 17--3. With just over five minutes remaining in the first half, Tampa Bay recovered an Atlanta fumble, and Earnest Graham scored a 1-yard TD run. Graham became the first player in club history to score a touchdown in six consecutive games. With a 24--3 lead, Tampa Bay performed a pooch kickoff, and Atlanta muffed the return, while Kalvin Pearson recovered. Tampa Bay drove to the 24-yard line, but DeAngelo Hall intercepted a pass intended for Joey Galloway at the Atlanta 11-yard line. The Buccaneers would immediately regain possession as Greg White forced and recovered a fumble on the next play. Matt Bryant then easily converted a 28-yard field goal to take a 27--3 lead into halftime.
Tampa Bay would receive the second half\'s opening kickoff, but was forced to punt after a 7-minute drive. On Atlanta\'s third play, Jermaine Phillips intercepted a pass intended for Jerious Norwood which set Tampa Bay up at the Atlanta 23-yard line. Matt Bryant then scored the half\'s first points with a 34-yard field goal to make the score 30--3. In the fourth quarter, punter Josh Bidwell successfully pinned Atlanta at their own 6-yard line. The resulting poor field position eventually led to Tampa Bay taking over near midfield. Michael Bennett carried six times all the way to the Atlanta 1-yard line, from which Anthony Becht scored the game\'s final points off a 1-yard TD catch.
Statistically, Tampa Bay\'s defense dominated Atlanta. The Falcons managed only 133 yards of total offense, committed five turnovers, and were 0-for-9 on third down conversions. The Falcons crossed midfield only once, and Tampa Bay\'s time of possession was 43 minutes. On the following Wednesday, the kickoff return touchdown earned Spurlock the *NFC Special Teams Player of the Week* award.
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## Regular season game summaries {#regular_season_game_summaries}
### Week 16: at San Francisco 49ers {#week_16_at_san_francisco_49ers}
Tampa Bay traveled west to San Francisco for the third time in five seasons. Tampa Bay lost their eighth consecutive meeting at Monster Park, dating to 1980. This game was originally scheduled for 8:15 p.m. on NBC\'s Sunday Night Football, but on December 10, in accordance with flex-scheduling, the game was moved to the afternoon. Having already clinched a playoff berth, Tampa Bay rested most of their starters in the second half. Despite a late rally, the Buccaneers fell two points short of victory.
Tampa Bay controlled most of the first half, capping off their first two drives of the first quarter with field goals by Matt Bryant. On the first play of the second quarter, Shaun Hill connected with Darrell Jackson on a 21-yard touchdown.
San Francisco punted on their next drive, and Micheal Spurlock fielded the ball at the 19-yard line. He was tackled and fumbled, while the 49ers recovered. After an instant replay challenge, it was determined that Spurlock was down by contact, and Tampa Bay maintained possession. The drive fizzled though, and ended with a punt. Late in the fourth quarter, Barrett Ruud recovered a 49ers fumble, setting the Buccaneers up on the San Francisco 36-yard line. Four plays later, Jerramy Stevens caught a touchdown pass from Jeff Garcia. Tampa Bay took a 13--7 lead into halftime.
On the second-half kickoff, San Francisco recovered a surprise onside kick. The drive came up empty, as they were forced to punt. On Tampa Bay\'s next possession, however, Luke McCown (who had taken over for the benched Garcia) fumbled and the 49ers recovered at the 14-yard line. In four plays, San Francisco scored a touchdown.
Early in the fourth quarter, Nate Clements intercepted a McCown pass, and led to another 49ers touchdown. The 49ers led 21--13, but Tampa Bay still kept hopes alive for a rally. With less than six minutes left in the game, the Buccaneers drove to the 49ers 25-yard line. On 4th down and 6, McCown threw to Michael Clayton for an apparent one-handed touchdown catch, but the ball fell incomplete, and the drive turned over on downs. Tampa Bay managed one final chance to tie the score. Inside the two-minute warning, Tampa Bay drove to the 49ers 24-yard line. McCown rolled out wide to his right, and connected with Stevens for a 24-yard touchdown. McCown then attempted a game-tying two-point conversion. Michael Clayton caught the pass, but one of his feet touched out-of-bounds in the back of the endzone, sealing the game for San Francisco.
### Week 17: vs. Carolina Panthers {#week_17_vs._carolina_panthers}
Tampa Bay concluded the regular season at home against the Panthers. They dropped the season finale, and their second-straight game, but rested most of their starters (including Garcia, Graham, Galloway and Ruud). Luke McCown started at quarterback.
On their opening drive, McCown drove the Buccaneers for the game\'s first score, a touchdown pass to Jerramy Stevens. The drive included a 52-yard catch by Chad Lucas. Carolina responded by driving to the Tampa Bay 4-yard line. A field goal kick was good, but a holding penalty by Derrick Brooks gave the Panthers a first down. They capitalized by scoring a touchdown.
In the second quarter, an interception by Phillip Buchanon led to a Tampa Bay field goal. Late in the second quarter, Josh Bidwell punted to Carolina, but a fumble on the return was recovered by the Buccaneers. Tampa Bay tacked on another field goal before halftime, and trailed, 14--13, at the half.
Midway through the third quarter, Carolina punted and pinned the Buccaneers on their own 2-yard line. McCown then led the Buccaneers on a 10-play, 98-yard touchdown drive, the longest such scoring drive in franchise history. Carolina kept themselves in the game, however, quickly following up with a 46-yard reception to Drew Carter, and then a 1-yard touchdown run.
Trailing 31--23 late in the fourth quarter, McCown drove the Buccaneers to the Carolina 36-yard line, but was intercepted by Richard Marshall. The Buccaneers finished the regular season 9--7 (5--1 division, 6--2 home).
## Playoffs
Postseason
------------
Wild Card
### NFC Wild Card playoff: New York Giants 24, Tampa Bay Buccaneers 14 {#nfc_wild_card_playoff_new_york_giants_24_tampa_bay_buccaneers_14}
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# 2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
## Offseason {#offseason_1}
- On January 22, 2008, head coach Jon Gruden and general manager Bruce Allen were re-signed to a three-year contract extension.
- On January 24, 2008, Mike Alstott scheduled a press conference, and is expected to retire
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# La Chapelle-Gauthier, Seine-et-Marne
**La Chapelle-Gauthier** (`{{IPA|fr|la ʃapɛl ɡotje|-|Fr-Paris--La Chapelle-Gauthier.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Chapellois*
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# Witherby
| 2 |
Witherby
| 0 |
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# Hani Talab al-Qawasmi
**Hani Talab al-Qawasmi** is a Palestinian politician. He was born in Gaza, although his family originated from Hebron in the modern-day West Bank and emigrated to Gaza in 1949. Al-Qawasmi received his BA degree in accounting from Cairo University and pursued his studies and got a high diploma in human resources from Cairo University. Al-Qawasmi worked at the religious al-Azhar Institute for 10 years. He worked with the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority in its Civil Affairs Ministry for 7 years.
He currently works as general director of administrative affairs at the Interior Ministry, effectively the Interior Minister of the Palestinian National Authority, upon a decision from the Cabinet.
In May 2007, the coalition deal between Hamas and Fatah appeared to be weaker, as new fighting broke out between the two factions. This was considered a major setback. Al-Qawasmi, who had been considered a moderate civil servant acceptable to both factions, resigned due to what he termed harmful behavior by both factions.
Al-Qawasmi is currently married with five children
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# Herten, Netherlands
**Herten** is a village in the southeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Roermond, Limburg.
## History
The village was first mentioned in the middle of the 11th century as Hercena. The etymology is unknown. Herten developed in the Middle Ages along the Maas. In 1716, it became part of the Austrian Upper Guelders.
The Catholic St Michael Church was originally from the 13th century. In 1881, the tower collapsed and a new church was built in Gothic Revival style. The church was completely destroyed in 1945, and a new church was built between 1953 and 1954 and was designed by Hendrik Willem Valk.
Herten was home to 153 people in 1840. It was severely damaged during World War II. After the war, it became a commuter\'s village for Roermond. Herten was a separate municipality until 1991, when it was merged with Roermond. The municipality also covered the smaller villages of Merum and Ool. Even though Roermond and Herten have formed a single urban area, Herten is a separate village.
## Gallery
<File:Herten>, Roermond, voormalig gemeentehuis
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# La Chapelle-Iger
**La Chapelle-Iger** is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region north-central France.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Capalligérois*
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# Memorial Tower
**Memorial Tower**, or the Campanile as it is sometimes called, is a 175-foot clock tower in the center of Louisiana State University\'s campus in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. Erected in 1923 and officially dedicated in 1926, it stands as a memorial to Louisianans who died in World War I.
## The Plaza {#the_plaza}
The plaza area in front of Memorial Tower has served as a place of both ceremony and celebration. The University\'s annual Christmas Tree Lighting Ceremony takes place on the plaza and attracts many visitors to the area. In addition, Student Government holds the formal installation for its new President and Vice President each spring. Valentine\'s Day is especially important for the plaza, as superstition turned tradition says to become an official \"LSU student,\" one must be kissed under the Memorial Tower when the chimes ring at midnight. Those wishing to carry out the tradition today find that the chimes no longer ring after 10 p.m. except for the evening of Valentine\'s Day.
Upon entering the tower, visitors find the rotunda of bronze plaques bearing the names of 1,447 fallen Louisiana World War I soldiers, to whom the tower is dedicated. The inside of the tower is also home to a military museum.
## The Chimes {#the_chimes}
Each quarter-hour, the LSU community can hear the sound of chimes coming from the bells of the clock tower. The Westminster Chimes are used each day until 10p.m. At noon, the University\'s alma mater is played
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# Joymoti (1935 film)
Joymoti}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox film
| name = Joymoti
| image = Joymoti film screenshot.jpg
| caption = A screenshot of the film<br>(actress Aideu Handique as Joymoti)
| director = [[Jyoti Prasad Agarwala]]
| producer = [[Jyoti Prasad Agarwala]]
| writer = [[Lakshminath Bezbarua]] (play)
| narrator =
| starring = [[Aideu Handique]]<br>[[Phanu Barua]]
| music = [[Jyoti Prasad Agarwala]]
| cinematography = [[Bhopal Shankar Mehta]]
| budget = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.-->
| distributor = [[Chitralekha Movietone]]
| released = {{Film date|1935|03|10|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| gross = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.-->
}}`{=mediawiki} ***Joymoti*** is a 1935 Indian film widely considered to be the first Assamese film ever made. Based on Lakshminath Bezbaroa\'s play about the 17th-century Ahom princess Joymoti Konwari, the film was produced and directed by the noted Assamese poet, author, and film-maker Jyoti Prasad Agarwala, and starred Aideu Handique and acclaimed stage actor and playwright Phani Sarma. The film, shot between 1933 and 1935, was released by Chitralekha Movietone on 10 March 1935 and marked the beginning of Assamese cinema.
*Joymoti* was screened at the 50th International Conference of the Society For Cinema and Media Studies (SCMC) of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, United States in March 2011.
Other screenings include:
- India-Bangladesh Joint Celebration of 100 Years of Indian Cinema, Dhaka (2012)
- UCLA\'s Centre for India and South Asia Studies, Los Angeles (April 2010)
- Osian-Cinefan\'s 10th Film Festival of Asian and Arabic Cinema, New Delhi (2008)
- Filmbüro Baden Württemberg\'s Internationales Indisches Filmfestival, Stuttgart (2006)
- Asiaticafilmidale (Encounters with Asian Cinema), Rome (2006)
- Munich Film Festival (2006).
Although never a commercial success, *Joymoti* was noted for its political views and the use of a female protagonist, something almost unheard of in Indian cinema of the time.
The film was the first Indian talkie to have used Dubbing and Re-recording Technology, and the first to engage with \"realism\" and politics in Indian cinema. The original print containing entire length of the film was thought to be lost after India\'s division in 1947. However, in 1995, documentary film director Arnab Jan Deka managed to recover entire footage of the lost film at a Studio in Bombay in intact condition, and reported back the matter to Assam Government apart from writing about this recovery in Assamese daily *Dainik Asam* and English daily \'\'The Assam Express\'. Meanwhile, some reels of another remaining print of the film maintained by Hridayananda Agarwala has been restored in part by Altaf Mazid.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
Set in 17th century Assam, the film recounts the sacrifice of Joymoti, an Ahom princess who was tortured and killed by the Ahom king Borphukan for refusing to tell the whereabouts of her husband, Prince Gadapani. The event is interpreted in contemporary patriotic terms, calling for greater harmony between the people of the hills and those of the plains. The hills are represented by the leader Dalimi, a Naga tribal woman who shelters the fugitive prince Gadapani.
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# Joymoti (1935 film)
## Background
On his way back from England, Jyoti Prasad Agarwala spent about six months at the UFA Studios in Berlin, learning film-making. Once back in Assam, he decided to make his first film. He established Chitraban Studios at the Bholaguri Tea Estate. Two camps were established: one near the Manager\'s Bungalow for the female artists, and the other near the tea factory for the male artists. Tea was manufactured by day, and by night actors performed at their rehearsals. Members of the cast were encouraged to keep up their physical exercises to stay fit.
A special property room was constructed, in which Jyoti Prasad Agarwala collected traditional costumes, ornaments, props, hats, etc. This grew into a museum. Technicians were brought in from Lahore; ice, transported from Calcutta.
The film was taken to Lahore for editing, at which stage Agarwala discovered there was no sound for one half of the film. Unable to marshal the actors once again from their native places due to various constraints, he hired a sound studio and dubbed the voices of all male and female characters. On a single day, he recorded six thousand feet of film. This unplanned accomplishment made Jyotiprasad Agarwala the first Indian filmmaker to have introduced Dubbing and Re-recording Technology in Talkies.
### Plot background {#plot_background}
Joymoti was the wife of the Ahom prince Gadapani. During the Purge of the Princes from 1679 to 1681 under King Sulikphaa (Loraa Roja), instigated by Laluksola Borphukan, Gadapani took flight. Over the next few years, he sought shelter at Sattras (Vaishnav monasteries) and the adjoining hills outside the Ahom kingdom. Failing to trace Prince Gadapani, Sulikphaa\'s soldiers brought his wife Joymoti to Jerenga Pathar where, despite brutal and inhuman torture, the princess refused to reveal the whereabouts of her husband. After continuous physical torture over 14 days, Joymoti breathed her last on 13 Choit of 1601 Saka, or 27 March 1680.
Joymoti\'s sacrifice would bear fruit in time: Laluk was murdered in November 1680 by a disgruntled body of household retainers. The ministers, now roused to a sense of patriotism, sent out search parties for Gadapani who, gathering his strength, returned from his exile in the Garo Hills to oust Sulikphaa from the throne. Joymoti had known that only her husband was capable of ending Sulikphaa-Laluk\'s reign of terror. For her love and her supreme sacrifice for husband and country, folk accounts refer to her as a *Soti*.
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# Joymoti (1935 film)
## Overview
*Joymoti*, a study of the culture and history of Assam, carried with it the bright possibility of a film tradition. The significant similarities with the Russian montage reflect an element of influence. The film is noted for its constantly changing angles, unique sets (built from scratch on a tea plantation, with local materials), and other stylistics tactics employed by the imaginative Jyoti Prasad in this his film debut. By then a published poet and writer, his lyricism is clearly evident in this pioneering film.
## Technical aspects {#technical_aspects}
The film was shot on a 4267.20 m-length film.
## Filming
According to Natasurya Phani Sarma, who played a key role in the film, Chitraban was not merely a studio, but a film-training institute in itself. Apart from the acting, Jyoti Prasad also taught his actors certain film-making techniques---such as developing, processing, printing, and editing---and shared with them his knowledge of various film shots like mixed shot, fade out, zoom, dissolve, back projection, and model shooting. The 17th-century costumes used in the film were designed by Jyoti Prasad. Although shooting at the Chitraban Studio started in April 1933, it faced an initial delay as Jyoti Prasad was unable to find a suitable young woman to play \"Joymoti\", as well as actors for a few other roles. This was inspired by Jyoti Prasad\'s desire to liberate cinema from that \"uncertain\" reputation. After a prolonged search and detailed interviews, he discovered Aideu Handique in a remote village near Golaghat, for the role of Joymoti: she was to become the first actress of Assamese cinema. He then brought together the other chosen actors, of whom some had never seen a film, to acquaint them with his characters.
During filming, the rainy season was to prove a challenge to developments in the technical process, with Jyoti Prasad having to suspend shooting for several days at a time, due to insufficient light in the absence of outdoor electricity. Shooting was carried out under sunlight by using reflectors. Filming was eventually completed in August 1934, and *Joymoti* released in early 1935 after Jyoti Prasad had completed his own editing.
## Cast
- Phanu Barua
- Aideu Handique
- Mohini Rajkumari
- Swargajyoti Datta Barooah
- Manabhiram Barua
- Phani Sarma
- Sneha Chandra Barua
- Naren Bardoloi
- Rana Barua
- Shamshul Haque
- Rajen Baruah
- Putal Haque
- Pratap Barua
- Rajkumari Gohain
- Subarnarekha Saikia (as Kheuti)
- Lalit Mohan Choudhury
- Banamali Das
- Prafulla Chandra Barua
- Kamala Prasad Agarwala
- Subha Barowa (in the role of spy)
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# Joymoti (1935 film)
## Film rediscovered {#film_rediscovered}
Following the Second World War *Joymoti* was lost and almost forgotten. In the early 1970s, Jyoti Prasad\'s youngest brother, Hridayananda Agarwala, found seven reels of the lone print of *Joymoti* while cleaning junk out of his garage. Jyoti Prasad\'s venture, with its considerable losses, had cost the family plantation dearly, placing his family in acute difficulties. The condition of the reels, by the early 1970s, was abysmal, but his brother Hridayananda commissioned the well-known Assamese director Bhupen Hazarika to direct the long 1976 documentary *Rupkonwar Jyotiprasad aru Joymoti*, in which the reels were incorporated. The documentary thereby saved the reels, which have been copied and remastered since.
Then, in 1995, popular Assamese story-writer, novelist, engineer, actor, screenwriter and documentary film director Arnab Jan Deka, recovered the original intact print of the film, containing the entire footage, at a Studio in Bombay. This original print of *Joymoti* was thought to be lost after India\'s division in 1947, as it was left behind in a studio in Lahore, now in Pakistan. Somehow the print, together with other films, travelled from Lahore and resurfaced in India\'s film capital.
After making this great recovery, Arnab Jan Deka reported the matter to the Assam Government, and wrote about this recovery in the Assamese daily *Dainik Asam* and the English daily *The Assam Express*. Other leading English and Hindi newspapers, like *The North East Times*, *The News Star*, and *Purvanchal Prahari*, published extensive reports about Arnab Jan Deka\'s phenomenal discovery. This film\'s director Jyotiprasad Agarwala\'s younger brother, Hridayananda Agarwala, and the famous Assamese actor-playwright, Satya Prasad Barua, also confirmed and publicly acknowledged Arnab Jan Deka\'s great recovery through two separate articles in the *Dainik Asam* and the highly circulated English daily *The Assam Tribune* in 1996. This matter was also debated at Assam Legislative Assembly, and Secretary, Cultural Affairs Department of Assam Government, convened an official meet to discuss this matter together with other issues pertaining to development of Assamese films.
In 2011 Arnab Jan Deka again wrote in detail about this entire episode in the prestigious Assamese literary journal *Prantik*.
## The fate of Chitraban {#the_fate_of_chitraban}
Situated about 10 km west of Gohpur, Jyoti Prasad\'s temporary film studio 'Chitraban', at Bholaguri Tea Estate, today stands deserted, a nostalgic nod to its glorious past. Once owned by Jyoti Prasad, the tea plantation passed on to the Assam Tea Corporation in 1978. The garden, where Jyoti Prasad single-handedly laid the foundation stone of Assamese cinema, now lies abandoned. The bungalow, where he composed the music for *Joymoti* on his organ, still stands - albeit in a dilapidated condition
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# La Chapelle-la-Reine
**La Chapelle-la-Reine** (`{{IPA|fr|la ʃapɛl la ʁɛn|-|Fr-La Chapelle-la-Reine.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Population
The inhabitants are called *Chapelains* in French
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# Angie Xtravaganza
**Angie Xtravaganza** (October 17, 1964 -- March 31, 1993) was a co-founder and Mother of the House of Xtravaganza. A prominent transgender performer in New York City\'s gay ball culture, Xtravanganza featured in the acclaimed 1990 documentary film *Paris is Burning*.
## Early life {#early_life}
Xtravaganza was born in New York City, one of 13 children born to a Puerto Rican-American family in the South Bronx. From the age of 13, she nurtured a family of \"children\" on the Christopher Street piers and Times Square, primarily made up of those who had been rejected by their own families; they referred to her as \"Ma\". Xtravaganza ran away from home when she was 14 years old, and began doing drag and competing in balls in 1980 at the age of 16. It was on the Christopher Street piers where she first met Hector Xtravaganza, with whom she would later found their eponymous house.
## House of Xtravaganza {#house_of_xtravaganza}
In 1982, the House of Xtravaganza was founded with Xtravaganza taking on the role of House Mother. As House Mother, Xtravaganza set high standards for performance and personal conduct requirements. Some of her other responsibilities included helping her house children select their outfits and shoes for balls, as well as simply navigating being gay in an unaccepting world without the support of their families. Xtravaganza took in many rejected and homeless children under her wing and fed them, as well as celebrated birthdays and holidays with them. She also taught them all about "walking the balls" and the nuances of the New York ball scene. Xtravaganza would also attempt to educate her "children" along with others on the highly stigmatized and still misunderstood HIV/AIDS disease. Having seen many friends and House members lose their battles with the disease, Xtravaganza advocated for more attention towards it as the illness ravaged her community.
Ballroom culture served as a safe haven for LGBTQ+ individuals, including those of color or those taken in by Xtravaganza that were rejected by their families. The House was notable for being the first primarily Latino house within the ball sphere, and was made partially in response to discrimination against Latino performers in the scene at that time. The House of Xtravaganza heavily influenced the New York City gay ball culture, with Xtravanganza becoming known as one of the \"terrible five\", the five reigning house mothers of the ball world, alongside Dorian Corey, Pepper LaBeija, Avis Pendavis, and Paris Dupree. Under Xtravaganza's leadership, the House won several accolades and ball titles, cementing a legacy early on in the scene. As a result of her profile, Xtravangaza featured in the 1988 article \"The Slap of Love\" by Pulitzer Prize-winning author Michael Cunningham, as well as the 1990 documentary film *Paris is Burning* directed by Jennie Livingston. Xtravaganza\'s notable drag children included Danni and Venus Xtravaganza, whose life and murder was featured in *Paris is Burning*. Venus was Xtravaganza's right hand in the House and her main daughter. After Venus' death, Xtravaganza claimed that her murder was an unfortunate reality, and simply "part of life being a transsexual in the city".
## Death and legacy {#death_and_legacy}
Xtravaganza was diagnosed with AIDS in 1991 and subsequently developed Kaposi\'s sarcoma, for which she received chemotherapy. Due to the aggressive stage of the disease, Xtravaganza ceased her hormone usage while receiving her cancer treatment. Despite her illness, Xtravaganza continued to care for her children. Xtravaganza died alone in New York City in 1993 at the age of 28 from AIDS-related liver disease, although it has also been speculated that her liver problems stemmed from her long-term use of black market hormones. At the time of her death, Xtravaganza's body was covered with lesions as a result of the cancer.
Over 100 mourners attended Xtravaganza's funeral, sharing the sentiment that "voguing and ecstatic, elaborate balls, had died along with Angie". Xtravaganza was cremated and her ashes returned to her family, who buried them under her birth name. Three weeks later, *The New York Times* published an article about the ball scene, featuring a photograph of Xtravaganza with the headline \"Paris Has Burned\", recounting the untimely deaths of many of its central personalities, including Xtravaganza. In 1994, Junior Vasquez released a single entitled \"X\" which was dedicated to Xtravaganza
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# Cape-class cutter
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# Doc Gessler
**Henry Homer \"Doc\" Gessler** (December 23, 1880 -- December 27, 1924) was a Major League Baseball player born in Indiana, Pennsylvania, who began his eight-season career, at the age of 22, with the Detroit Tigers in `{{Baseball year|1903}}`{=mediawiki}. He played mainly as a right fielder in a career that totaled 880 games played, 2969 at bats, 831 hits, 363 RBIs and 14 home runs. Doc died of tuberculosis in his home-town of Indiana at the age of 44, and is interred in Saint Bernard Cemetery in Indiana, Pennsylvania.
## College years {#college_years}
Before his baseball career, he attended Ohio University, Washington & Jefferson College, and became a physician, graduating from Johns Hopkins Medical School. He was one of three doctors in the 1906 World Series (with Doc White and Frank Owen).
## Career
After his short stay with Detroit, he then moved on to the Brooklyn Superbas in an unknown transaction. For Brooklyn, he became a good hitter, batting .290 in both of his full seasons with them. After a slow start in `{{Baseball year|1906}}`{=mediawiki}, he was traded to the Chicago Cubs in exchange for Hub Knolls on April 28.
He did not play in the Majors for the `{{Baseball year|1907}}`{=mediawiki} season, but reappeared for the `{{Baseball year|1908}}`{=mediawiki} Boston Red Sox and batted .308, hit 14 triples, and led the American League in on-base percentage. The following season, manager Fred Lake announced that Doc would be team\'s Captain for the `{{Baseball year|1909}}`{=mediawiki} season. This situation did not last the season, as he was traded to the Washington Senators on September 9, 1909 in exchange for Charlie Smith. He played three seasons for the Senators and retired after the `{{Baseball year|1911}}`{=mediawiki} season.
In eight seasons, Gessler posted a .280 batting average with 370 runs, 127 doubles, 50 triples, 14 home runs, 142 stolen bases, 333 bases on balls, .370 on-base percentage and .370 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .959 fielding percentage playing at right field and first base.
## Managerial stint {#managerial_stint}
Doc became the manager of the Pittsburgh Stogies of the upstart Federal League in `{{Baseball year|1914}}`{=mediawiki}, but after 11 games, and a 3 win 8 loss record, was replaced by Rebel Oakes. The team soon adopted the nickname **Rebels** after their new manager, who remained their manager through the 1914 season, and the entire `{{Baseball year|1915}}`{=mediawiki} season
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# La Chapelle-Moutils
**La Chapelle-Moutils** is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It was created in 1973 by the merger of two former communes: La Chapelle-Véronge and Moutils.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Capellomoutillais*
| 42 |
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# Student Yachting World Cup
The **Student Yachting World Cup** (**SYWoC**) is an annual sailing competition for students which was created in 1979 and is held in France.
## 36th edition {#th_edition}
The 36th edition of the Student Yachting World Cup took place in La Rochelle, France. The competitors sailed from November 2 to November 7 on Grand Surprise class sailboats.
## The Student Yachting World Cup {#the_student_yachting_world_cup}
The SYWoC is an annual sailing competition organized by students at the École Polytechnique, a French engineering school, seeing the world\'s best student sailing teams confront each other in a week-long series of races. Every year, the SYWoC takes place around All Saints\' Day and gather about 200 students in a large French harbour. Earlier editions have taken place in La Rochelle, Lorient, Royan, Marseille, La Trinité-sur-Mer, Toulon.
Each country can be represented in one team. This team is chosen on the basis of its national or international races, as well as on advice from the national sailing federation. The winner of the last edition and the Ecole Polytechnique, the organizing university, are also invited.
The World Cup is composed of several regattas, usually between 10 and 15, taking place during the whole week. The crews sail on Grand Surprise, a profile boat built for competition. The regattas are of \"banana\" or coastal type. A night regatta, starting in the afternoon and ending after nightfall, is also organised during the competition. An international jury arbitrate the regattas.
Two prizes are awarded every year:
- AGPM Trophy: Besides the general ranking, the competition provides an "inshore" ranking, determined from the inshore races. The winner of the ranking is awarded the AGPM trophy.
- Student Yachting World Cup: the winner of the regattas is awarded the Student Yachting World Cup which he shall bring back into play for the following edition.
## History
The Student Yachting World Cup, former Course de l\'Europe, has been organized since 1979 by students at the École Polytechnique. Each year, the best sailing teams from universities all around the world meet and compete in thrilling yacht races.
When the \"Course de l\'Europe\" was created in 1979, only a few European countries participated. Other teams have joined in, from Eastern Europe, Japan, the United States or Australia, thus making it a real World Cup.
The race changed its name to \"Student Yachting World Cup\" and became the only competition to deliver the ISAF title of \"Student Yachting World Champion\". Today, between 15 and 20 teams, from Europe, America, Asia and Australia, compete each year for the title
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# La Chapelle-Rablais
**La Chapelle-Rablais** (`{{IPA|fr|la ʃapɛl ʁablɛ|-|Fr-La Chapelle-Rablais.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
Its inhabitants are called the *Capello-Rablaisiens*.
## Geography
### Location
La Chapelle-Rablais is located in the heart of Brie, 8 km (4.97 miles) southwest of Nangis.
### Bordering municipalities {#bordering_municipalities}
-------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------------------------
Fontenailles (5.4 km ) Nangis (7.4 km ) Fontains (4.6 km )
Villeneuve-les-Bordes (7.5 km )
Échouboulains (4.8 km ) Laval-en-Brie (10.1 km ) Coutençon (5.6 km )
-------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------------------------
: Communes bordering **La Chapelle-Rablais**
### Geology and relief {#geology_and_relief}
The town is classified in seismicity zone 1, corresponding to a very low seismicity.
### Hydrography
The municipality\'s hydrographic system consists of nine referenced rivers:
- the Almont (or ru d\'Ancœur or ru de Courtenain), which is 42.15 km long and a tributary of the Seine, as well as;
- the Courtenain arm, 0.53 km ;
- the ditch 01 of the Grand Buisson du Mée, 1.35 km, and;
- Mauny stream 01, 1.16 km, tributaries of the Almont;
- the ditch 01 of the Bois de Putemuse, 1.04 km , tributary of the stream 01 of Mauny;
- the Ru de Villefermoy, 8.19 km ;
- the Ru des Prés des Vallées, 3.97 km , and;
- the ditch 02 of the Bois de la Chapelle, 3.61 km, and;
- the ditch 01 of the Forêt Domaniale de Villefermoy, 2.95 km, which merges with the ru de Villefermoy.
The overall linear length of watercourses in the municipality is 11.01 km.
### Communication and Transport Routes {#communication_and_transport_routes}
The closest station to the town is the Nangis station on the Paris-Est - Provins line of the Transilien Paris-Est network. This line is now served by new Bombardier B 82500 dual-energy trains .
## Urbanism
### Localities, deviations and districts {#localities_deviations_and_districts}
The town has 47 administrative localities listed including *Les Montils,* and *Les Moyeux* .
### Land use {#land_use}
In 2018, the territory of the municipality was 53.4% being forest land, 40.3% arable land, 4.6% of urbanized areas and 1
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# Horst, Limburg
**Horst** is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Horst aan de Maas. Although the municipality is named after the village, Horst itself is not called \"aan de Maas\", because it does not lie directly on the river Meuse (in Dutch called Maas).
Horst is known for its holiday parks. It is a popular destination for people looking for walks and cycling in nature. The village centre has plenty of cafes and restaurants and during summer season markets and other events are held regularly.
## Towns and the number of inhabitants on 1 January 2016 {#towns_and_the_number_of_inhabitants_on_1_january_2016}
- America, 2.055
- Broekhuizen, 763
- Broekhuizenvorst, 1077
- Eversoort, 256
- Griendtsveen, 541
- Grubbenvorst, 4.799
- Hegelsom, 1.908
- Horst, 12.780
- Kronenberg, 1.152
- Lottum, 1.948
- Meerlo, 1.892
- Melderslo, 2.053
- Meterik, 1.471
- Sevenum, 6.546
- Swolgen, 1.230
- Tienray, 1.208
- Total, 41.679
(Updated from the 2016 Horst aan de Maas official website infographics data)
Horst was a separate municipality until it merged with Broekhuizen and Grubbenvorst to form the new municipality Horst aan de Maas in 2007. Later, the villages of Grubbenvorst, Lottum, Broekhuizen and Broekhuizenvorst were added to the municipality.`{{clarify|date=February 2011}}`{=mediawiki}
## Transportation
**Railway station:** Horst-Sevenum
The village can be reached by buses 60 and 69 [1](http://www.9292ov.nl)
Horst is adjacent to the A73 motorway which runs north--south. A few kilometres away the A73 intersects with the A67, which runs east--west.
Germany is about 15 kilometres east of Horst. Weeze Airport is about 40 minutes by car
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10,112,016 |
# Morton Heilig
**Morton Leonard Heilig** (December 22, 1926 -- May 14, 1997) was an American pioneer in virtual reality (VR) technology and a filmmaker. He applied his cinematographer experience and with the help of his partner developed the Sensorama over several years from 1957, patenting it in 1962.
## Sensorama
The Sensorama is big, bulky, and shaped like a 1980s era video arcade game. It was impressive for 1960s technology. The viewing cabinet gave the viewer the experience of riding a motorcycle on the streets of Brooklyn. The viewer felt the wind on their face, the vibration of the motorcycle seat, a stereoscopic 3D view, and smells of the city.
Heilig wanted to create "cinema of the future." The Sensorama was doomed, however, from the high costs of the filmmaking. The problem was not that the apparatus addressed the wrong senses; the business community just couldn\'t figure out how to sell it. He was not able to find the amount of funds necessary to create new 3-D films "obtained with three 35 mm cameras mounted on the cameraman."
## Filmmaker
Heilig was the producer, director, writer, cinematographer and editor of the short films *Assembly Line* (1961), which was awarded the San Giorgio Medal at the Venice Film Festival, and *Destination: Man* (1965), as well as *The Film Maker* about the making of *The Greatest Show on Earth*. He was the producer, director, writer, cinematographer and editor of the feature film *Once* (1974). For the US Information Agency, he produced *WIlson Riles* (1972) about the superintendent of public instruction in the state of California and served as a cinematographer on *The Entrepreneur: Malcolm Arbita*. He also directed the TV series *Diver Dan* (1961). He was a production executive for the film *They Shoot Horses Don\'t They?* (1969).
Morton Heilig is buried at Eden Memorial Park Cemetery in Mission Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA
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# Henry Price (politician)
**Henry Alfred Price**, CBE (3 January 1911 -- 4 December 1982) was a British company director and politician. He came from a working-class background but did well in the paper trade, where he set up his own business. He became a Conservative Party Member of Parliament, during which he founded an alliance to protect the middle class.
## Family origin {#family_origin}
Price was the son of a builder\'s labourer and was born in London. He attended Hungerford Road School and Holloway County School but left at the age of 15 to join a paper manufacturer. Later, he set up his own business, Price, Topley and Company Ltd, who were paper merchants.
## Municipal life {#municipal_life}
He became an active member of the Conservative Party and, in 1944, he was co-opted as a member of Lewisham Borough Council, elections having been suspended for the duration of the Second World War. He enjoyed municipal life and, in 1946, he was chosen as Conservative candidate for Lewisham West for the London County Council. He was elected by 578 votes. This gave Price a prominent role in London-wide Conservative politics. After boundary changes, Price was re-elected in 1949.
## Parliament
At the 1950 general election, Price was chosen as Conservative candidate for Lewisham West. He gained the seat from Arthur Skeffington, who had held it as a Labour MP. His maiden speech on 22 May dwelt on the subject of high housing rents; he urged that the period for repayment of public works loans be lengthened from 60 to 80 years. Fighting for re-election in 1951, Price reported that his audiences were \"flabbergasted\" to learn the high level of spending by the Labour government.
## Advancement
After his re-election, Price was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to Geoffrey Lloyd. In September 1952, he volunteered to spend a week with trainee miners in the Kemball Training Centre, near Stoke-on-Trent. Afterwards he was critical of the sleeping arrangements in the miners\' hostel. He was chosen to second the \"Loyal Address\" after the Queen\'s Speech, traditionally a role given to rising MPs on the government backbenches.
Price was critical of the facilities available to MPs, claiming to work over 100 hours a week but that his pay amounted to 2s per hour; he said that MPs were \"treated like grubby office boys\". He was a member of a Parliamentary delegation to NATO in 1954. Price was involved in organising the presentation to Winston Churchill of a portrait by Graham Sutherland to mark his eightieth birthday; this gift backfired as Churchill hated the portrait and his wife had it burnt.
## Middle Class Alliance {#middle_class_alliance}
In December 1954, it was announced that the London County Council would be seeking a Compulsory purchase order for Price\'s home in Forest Hill for a new housing scheme. Price was critical of the way trade unions operated, claiming in a speech in February 1956 that a majority of workers in the country were forcing inefficient working methods on management. In April that year, he had the idea for forming a \"Middle Class Alliance\", which was quickly established. He declared the aim of the Alliance was not selfish but \"to preserve the middle classes for the service of the nation\".
Price\'s term as Chairman of the Alliance came to an abrupt end in early 1957 when he offered his resignation after a split; two executive members who were supporters of the Liberal Party had been planning a breakaway. On 18 March, the Alliance was formally dissolved. He spent a great deal of time in the late 1950s opposing the Rent Act 1957.
## Retirement
\"Indifferent health\" forced Price to announce in July 1961 that he would not be a candidate at the next general election. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1962. Late in his Parliamentary career, he attempted to amend the London Government Bill to stop the merger of Lewisham with Deptford to create the London Borough of Lewisham. He rebelled against the whip on the abolition of resale price maintenance in 1964.
He became Managing Director of Grove Paper Company Ltd. after leaving Parliament in 1964
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# Henry Milles-Lade, 5th Earl Sondes
**Henry George Herbert Milles-Lade, 5th Earl Sondes** (1 May 1940 -- 2 December 1996), styled **Viscount Throwley** between 1941 and 1970, was a British peer. He inherited the title upon the death of his father in 1970 and the peerage became extinct when he died without an heir.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
The fifth earl was considered a colourful character. As a child, he was a page at the wedding of his aunt and uncle, Nadine McDougall and Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia. In his pre-teen years he was a page at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II but was later expelled from Eton College for operating gambling books. He owned racehorses and greyhounds, but his strongest connection with sport was with the football club, Gillingham F.C., where he served as vice-chairman of the board of directors. Upon his retirement from the role, a large clock was erected at the club\'s Priestfield Stadium and dubbed the \"Lord Sondes Clock\" in his honour. The clock was removed as part of ground redevelopment work in the 1990s and its subsequent whereabouts are unknown.
The Earl was married four times. His wives included the New York socialite Sharon McCluskey (daughter of Ellen Lehman McCluskey of the Lehman family), whom he married in 1981 and divorced in 1984, and another American whom he married in 1986, Phyllis Kane Schmertz (widow of Robert Schmertz, owner of the Boston Celtics), who survived him and inherited Lees Court in Kent, which she transformed into an agricultural business growing pharmaceutical and biofuel crops. The Earl died from cancer, and was buried in the church in the village of Sheldwich south of Faversham in Kent.
## Lees Court estate {#lees_court_estate}
The Sondes family estate in Kent had been in family hands for over 700 years and once stretched to over 85000 acre in the early 1900s. The estate at Earl Sondes\' death was 6900 acres including a core of 2663 acres around the villages of Sheldwich and Badlesmere with the balance at the Swale Estuary, Oare and Faversham Creeks.
## Marriages
1. 1968 (divorced 1969) Primrose Ann Cresswell (former wife of Richard Hugh Nicholas Cresswell), daughter of Laurence Stopford Llewellyn Cotter (1912--1943) younger son of Sir James Laurence Cotter, 5th Baronet.
2. 1976 (divorced 1981) Countess Silvia-Gabrielle zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz (widow of Hugo, Altgraf zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz), daughter of Hans Otto Schied.
3. 1981 (divorced 1984) Sharon McCluskey daughter of Ellen Lehman McCluskey of the Lehman Brothers banking family.
4. 1986 Phyllis Kane Schmertz. Right Honourable Countess Sondes.
## Title from birth {#title_from_birth}
- The Honourable Henry George Herbert Milles-Lade (1 May 1940 -- 17 January 1941)
- Viscount Throwley (17 January 1941 -- 30 April 1970)
- The Right Honourable The Earl Sondes (30 April 1970 -- 2 December 1996)
## Family titles {#family_titles}
There were no heirs to his titles and on Right Honourable Henry George Herbert 5th Earl Sonde\'s death on 2 December 1996 the titles became extinct
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# La Chapelle-Saint-Sulpice
**La Chapelle-Saint-Sulpice** (`{{IPA|fr|la ʃapɛl sɛ̃ sylpis|-|Fr-Paris--La Chapelle-Saint-Sulpice.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Capélosulpiciens*
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10,112,066 |
# Les Chapelles-Bourbon
**Les Chapelles-Bourbon** (`{{IPA|fr|le ʃapɛl buʁbɔ̃|-|Fr-Les Chapelles-Bourbon.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France
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| 0 |
10,112,072 |
# 1956 New York Film Critics Circle Awards
**22nd New York Film Critics Circle Awards**\
January 19, 1957\
(announced December 27, 1956)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Around the\
World in Eighty Days**
The **22nd New York Film Critics Circle Awards**, honored the best filmmaking of 1956.
## Winners
- **Best Film:**
- ***Around the World in Eighty Days***
- **Best Actor:**
- Kirk Douglas -- *Lust for Life*
- **Best Actress:**
- Ingrid Bergman -- *Anastasia*
- **Best Director:**
- John Huston -- *Moby Dick*
- **Best Screenplay:**
- S. J
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1956 New York Film Critics Circle Awards
| 0 |
10,112,092 |
# Charmentray
**Charmentray** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃaʁmɑ̃tʁɛ|-|Fr-Charmentray.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It was the birthplace of painter Ambroise-Marguerite Bardin.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Carmentraciens*
| 33 |
Charmentray
| 0 |
10,112,118 |
# Ittervoort
**Ittervoort** is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Leudal.
## History
The village was first mentioned in 1252 as Itervort, and means \"fordable place in the Itterbeek\". In 1343, a bridge was built.
The St Margarita Church was built in 1935, however the tower from 1894 was incorporated in the design.
The watermill Schouwsmolen was probably built around 1630 and was used as a grist mill. In 1928, an electro motor was installed, and it went out of service in 1961. Between 2015 and 2016, it was restored and is used to grind corn and generate electricity.
Ittervoort was home to 235 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1942, when it was merged with Hunsel. In 2007, it became part of the municipality of Leudal.
## Gallery
<File:Ittervoort> vanaf de Thornerstraat.jpg\|Welcome to Ittervoort <File:Toren> van Ittervoort.JPG\|Communication tower of Ittervoort <File:Ittervoort> Schouwsmolen 5623
| 156 |
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| 0 |
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# Novi Community School District
**Novi Community School District** is a public school district in Metro Detroit in the U.S. state of Michigan, serving most of Novi and portions of Wixom.
The board of education includes a president, a vice president, a secretary, a treasurer, and four members. As of 2022 Ben Mainka is the district superintendent.
## History
In 1990 the district began offering the \"Here Comes the Bus System,\" an invention which alerts parents that the school bus is within 2 mi of the bus stop so that students do not have to wait for long periods of time at bus stops. Parents could pay \$25 (about \$`{{inflation|USD|25|1990|r=2}}`{=mediawiki} when adjusted for inflation) per year and a deposit in order to use the service. In the decade leading up to 2005, the school district\'s enrollment increased from 3,790 to 6,150 and the budget increased from \$29 million (about \$`{{inflation|USD|29000000|1995|r=2}}`{=mediawiki} when adjusted for inflation) to \$60 million (about \$`{{inflation|USD|60000000|2005|r=2}}`{=mediawiki} when adjusted for inflation). Around 2005 district administrators anticipated that newly established housing developments in northern and western Novi would add 1,600 houses to the district. In 2005 the school district proposed giving random drug tests to students involved in all extracurricular activities.
In 2010, the Japanese School of Detroit (JSD), a supplementary educational institution that offers Japanese classes on Saturdays , announced that it was relocating to Novi. It entered into a 10-year agreement with the school district and began to use Novi Meadows Elementary School to conduct classes. It moved in the northern hemisphere summer of 2011. Superintendent Steve Matthews said that he expected for the Japanese population in the school district to increase due to the move of JSD.
After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami occurred, the school district advised school staff to be sensitive to students who may have been affected by the disaster, as many of the district\'s students were Japanese or of Japanese descent.
## Demographics
As of December 2010, the district has about 6,300 students. As of March 2011, of the student body, over 1,700 are Japanese American and Japanese national students. In December 2011 the district estimated that 5% of its students were Japanese nationals. As of 2015 Kazuyuki Katayama (片山 和之 *Katayama Kazuyuki* ), the Japanese Consul General in Detroit, stated that he heard that there were 400 Japanese national students in the Novi school system.
Many parents of these students have jobs with automobile industry firms. Peter Dion, the superintendent, said in March 2011 that many of the Japanese students come to the Novi School District, attend the district for several years, and then move back to Japan. There are no full-time Japanese schools in Metro Detroit, so Japanese national students attend American schools.
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# Novi Community School District
## Schools
**NCSD** owns and operates 8 schools, and is in the process of building its ninth.
### High school {#high_school}
- **Novi High School** serves students in grades 9--12. The current building was built in 1977 and has been expanded several times since then. Prior to 1968, the Novi Community School District did not have a high school of its own and high school students were bused to nearby Northville. It was awarded Blue Ribbon School status in 1986-87 and 1999-00. As of 2011 Novi High enrolls 2,020 students and has a faculty of over 150 employees.
### Middle schools {#middle_schools}
- **Novi Meadows School** is an upper elementary school, and serves grades 5 and 6. The northern half of the school was built in 1964 with an addition built on the west end of the building in 1968 and served as Novi High School from 1968-1977. Starting in the 1978-1979 school year it became Novi Middle School North. The southern part of the building was built in 1971 and initially housed grades 6-8 and served as Novi Middle school until 1978 when the 6th grade was moved over to Novi Middle School North. In 1978, Novi Middle School became known as Novi Middle School South. In the early 1990s, a tunnel was constructed linking the two buildings. The current principals are John Brickey, and Lisa Fenchel.
- **Novi Middle School** serves grades 7 and 8. It serves 1056 students as of 2015. The school was built on an old horse farm at the intersection of Wixom and 11 Mile roads in 1998. Prior to that time, Novi Middle School was located in what is now the southern portion of the current Novi Meadows School. Milan Obrenovich, a former Novi Meadows principal served the Novi School District in an administrative capacity (principal, assistant principal) in the Novi Community School District since 1966, but retired in 2011. The current principal is Robert Baker.
### Elementary schools {#elementary_schools}
- **Deerfield Elementary School** is located on Wixom Road on an old horse farm adjacent to Novi Middle School. The school opened its doors in 2000. There is currently 450 students enrolled. The current principal is Julie Bedford.
- **Novi Woods Elementary School** was built in 1976 to replace the old Novi Elementary School on Novi Road where the Novi Town Center Shopping area is today. This school is an open classroom type that was pioneered in Michigan in the early-1970s. David Ascher is the current principal of the school. The school currently has about 500 students attending.
- **Orchard Hills Elementary School** was built in 1958 and is currently the oldest school in the district. The school is located on Quince Drive in the Orchard Hills subdivision. The current principal is Pam Quitiquit. It has an Enrollment of approximately 430 students.
- **Parkview Elementary School** was built and opened in 1989 and served grades K-4. Student enrollment is more than 550 students. The building received numerous accolades for its unique design upon opening. The current principal is Laura Carino.
- **Village Oaks Elementary School** serves grades K-4. The school was built in 1971 and is located on Willowbrook Drive in the Village Oaks subdivision. Student enrollment is more than 600 students. Village Oaks was named a National Blue Ribbon Exemplary School in 2018. The current principal is Dr. Alex Ofili.
### Preschools
- **Early Childhood Education Center** is on Taft Road by Novi Meadows School. The approximate 39,000 sq foot building features 18 classrooms, 1 CARE room, cafeteria, multi purpose room, community education and Early childhood offices, and a capacity for 350 students. It was scheduled to open in August 2016
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# John H. Noble
**John H. Noble** (September 4, 1923 -- November 10, 2007) was an American survivor of the Soviet Gulag system, who wrote several books which described his experiences in it after he was permitted to leave the Soviet Union and return to the United States.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Noble was born in Detroit, Michigan. His father, who was born in Germany, came to the U.S. as a Seventh-day Adventist missionary in 1922. Finding contradictions in church teachings, he eventually left the church. His mother, a photographer, worked in a photo-finishing company in Detroit and his father became the owner of the company. The Nobles eventually built the company to become one of the top ten photo-finishing companies in the U.S. His father was an acquaintance of a German camera manufacturer who wanted to immigrate to the U.S. and offered to trade his camera factory in Dresden for the Nobles' company. The German company, which was already notable and would later create landmarks such as the Praktica, became a major international brand, employing 600 workers at the business' peak.
The Nobles stayed in Nazi Germany during World War II and survived the Allies\' firebombing of Dresden in February 1945.
## Imprisonment
### Special Soviet Prison {#special_soviet_prison}
In late 1945, 22-year-old U.S.-born Noble was arrested together with his father by Soviet occupation forces in Dresden and incarcerated at the NKVD special camp Nr. 2 which was located on part of the former Buchenwald concentration camp site. The arrest came about after a newly appointed local Soviet commissar decided to appropriate the Noble family\'s Practica brand Kamera-Werkstaetten Guthe & Thorsch factory and its stocks of cameras. A trumped-up allegation of spying against the Soviets was levelled against the two male members of the family.
Unlike his father Charles A. Noble, who was released in 1952, John was sentenced to a further 15 years in 1950, and was transferred to the Soviet Gulag system when Special Prison Number 2 was closed in early 1950.
### Vorkuta
Noble was sent to the Vorkuta Gulag, at the northernmost Urals railhead in Siberia.
Doing a variety of menial jobs during his imprisonment, the highest being a uniformed lavatory attendant for the staff, he took part in the Vorkuta uprising of July 1953 as a prominent leader. According to Noble the Vorkuta camp and many other camps which were located nearby had previously been taken over by the inmates, including 400 purged Soviet ex-World War II military men who desperately opted to march their way several hundred miles west to Finland. Apparently making it halfway en route, those inmates were intercepted and either killed in battle or executed immediately afterwards. All of the camps soon returned to state control.
Noble eventually managed to smuggle out a postcard which was loosely glued to another prisoner\'s back. The message which was addressed to a relative in West Germany was passed to his family, who by then had returned to the United States. The postcard was passed to the U.S. Department of State which formally requested that the Soviet government release Noble. He was finally released in 1955, together with several U.S. military captives, thanks to the personal intervention of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
## Later life {#later_life}
By the mid-1990s, Noble was again residing in Dresden, the city where he had been taken prisoner 50 years earlier. The factory building, but not its trademark \"Praktica\", which had been created independently, had been restored to his family\'s ownership. He died on November 10, 2007, after suffering a heart attack.
Noble wrote the following books about his ordeal:
- *I Found God in Soviet Russia*, by John Noble and Glenn D Everett (1959, hardcover).
- *I Was a Slave in Russia*, by John Noble (Broadview, Illinois: Cicero Bible Press, 1961).
- *Amerikanetz* (American \[man\]), by John Noble (Faith & Freedom Forum, 1986).
- *Verbannt und Verleugnet* (Banished and Vanished), by John H. Noble (Ranger Publishing House, 2005)
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# Charny, Seine-et-Marne
**Charny** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃaʁni|-|Fr-Paris--Charny.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Charnicois*
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# Strictly Rude
***Strictly Rude*** is the fourth studio album from Boston ska punk act Big D and the Kids Table. The album peaked at 42 on Billboard\'s Top Heatseekers chart.
The album\'s title track is largely derived from Althea & Donna\'s \"Uptown Top Ranking\" which topped the UK charts in February 1978. While most of the song\'s lyrics have been rewritten to bear little semblance to the original version, the song\'s chorus sees the original line \"Strictly Roots\"[1](http://homepage.ntlworld.com/gary.hart/lyricsa/althia.html) changed to the track and album\'s title, \"Strictly Rude\".
\"Noise Complaint\" rose to popularity based on its popular DIY music video.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Chart positions {#chart_positions}
+------+-----------------+----------+
| Year | Chart | Peak\ |
| | | position |
+======+=================+==========+
| 2007 | Top Heatseekers | 41 |
+------+-----------------+----------+
| | | |
+------+-----------------+----------+
## Personnel
- David McWane - vocals, melodica
- Sean P. Rogan - guitar, organ, piano, clavinet, vocals
- Steve Foote - bass
- Jon \"JR\" Reilly - drums, percussion, omnichord, vocals
- Ryan O\'Connor - saxophone, melodica, vocals
- Dan Stoppelman - trumpet
- Paul E. Cuttler - trombone
- David and Alex - high-five on \"Noise Complaint\"
- Paul Q
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# 1957 New York Film Critics Circle Awards
`{{Use American English|date=August 2024}}`{=mediawiki}
**23rd NYFCC Awards**\
*unknown*\
(announced December 30, 1957)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Best Film:\
**The Bridge\
on the River Kwai**
The **23rd New York Film Critics Circle Awards** honored the best filmmaking of 1957.
## Winners
- **Best Film:**
- *The Bridge on the River Kwai*
- **Best Actor:**
- Alec Guinness -- *The Bridge on the River Kwai*
- **Best Actress:**
- Deborah Kerr -- *Heaven Knows, Mr
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# Trou aux Cerfs
**Trou aux Cerfs** (also known as **Murr\'s Volcano**) is a dormant, crater lake, cinder cone volcano with a well-defined cone and crater. It is 605 m high and located in Curepipe, Mauritius. The crater has been alternately described as 300 and 350 meters in diameter, and is 80 meters deep.
The crater was formed less than 2 million years ago in the second phase of volcanic activity that created Mauritius.
According to experts, the volcano is currently dormant but could become active at any time within the next thousand years. It last erupted 700,000 years ago.
## Wildlife on the volcano {#wildlife_on_the_volcano}
### Fauna
Currently, the only mammals living on the volcano are the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and the fruit bat (Pteropus niger).
Lots of exotic birds are found here, including the red fody (Foudia madagascariensis), but the endemic bird species are the martin (Phedina borbonica) and the swiftlet (Aerodramus francicus).
### Flora
Two species of the genus *Trochetia* are found here. They are *Trochetia blackburniana* and the very rare *Trochetia triflora*.
The most common exotic tree found here is the pine tree (*Pinus massoniana*), but the endemic plants include the manglier (*Sideroxylon puberulum*) and the fanjan (*Alsophila sp.*)
## Other volcanoes in Mauritius {#other_volcanoes_in_mauritius}
### Main volcanoes {#main_volcanoes}
(Aside Trou aux Cerfs)
#### Mt. Bar le Duc {#mt._bar_le_duc}
This volcano is 507m high. It is a shield volcano. Having a deep crater, it is dormant. It is also known as Ripailles hill. From it, you'll see Alma hill, another volcano.
#### Trou Kanaka {#trou_kanaka}
It is 570m high. It is a cinder conevolcano. This volcano also has a deep crater and is extinct. It is near Ganga Talao, a volcano.
#### Ganga Talao {#ganga_talao}
Ganga Talao, also known as Grand Bassin, is an extinct volcano and a crater lake volcano. It is 560m high. It is a major Hindu pilgrimage site.
#### Bassin Blanc {#bassin_blanc}
As the crater has been filled with water, it is a crater lake volcano. It is extinct. When it erupted long ago, it created the valleys of La Vallee des Couleurs Nature Park.
### Lesser-known volcanoes {#lesser_known_volcanoes}
#### Mount Piton {#mount_piton}
Mount Piton is the highest hill in the North with it being 267m high. It is a shield volcano and an extinct volcano. The crater is located where a small forest is found.
#### The Mount hill {#the_mount_hill}
The Mount is close to Mount Piton. It is 162m high. It is covered with sugarcane fields.
#### Butte aux Papayes hill {#butte_aux_papayes_hill}
Near Belle vue Harel, it is 142m high. It is now the "*Domaine de Hillside*" where people live.
#### Forbach hill {#forbach_hill}
It is near Butte aux Papayes hill with it being 101m high. It is extinct. Like The Mount, it's covered with sugarcane fields.
#### Mt. William {#mt._william}
While going to Nicoliere reservoir, on your left you will see Mt William, a dead volcano. A forest is found next to the crater, where there are lots of exotic Psidium cattleianum. It is 306m high.
#### Mon Loisir hill {#mon_loisir_hill}
Further from Mount Piton, you can see Mon Loisir hill. The elevation is low and covered with sugarcane.
#### Alma hill {#alma_hill}
From Mont Bar le duc, you can easily see Alma hill. Rich with trees, this dead volcano has always been a scenic spot.
#### Mt. Calebasses {#mt._calebasses}
Mont Calebasses is an isolated peak, being 632m in height. It can be seen from the Terre Rouge-Verdun Highway. It was a volcano.
#### L'escalier volcano {#lescalier_volcano}
Located in Nouvelle decouverte, it is extinct. The crater is shallow.
#### Verdun hill {#verdun_hill}
This volcano is 537m high. It is located near Belle Rive.
#### Butte Chaumont {#butte_chaumont}
Near Verdun hill, this volcano, like Trou Kanaka, is 570m high. It is extinct.
#### Trou de Mme Bouchet {#trou_de_mme_bouchet}
Next to Mare aux Vacoas reservoir, Trou de Mme Bouchet is extinct.
#### Curepipe Point {#curepipe_point}
Being the highest volcano in Mauritius, it is 686m high. Like Trou de Mme Bouchet, it is next to Mare aux Vacoas reservoir.
#### Mt. Perruche {#mt._perruche}
Near Mare aux Vacoas, it is in the Domaine des 7 Vallees Nature Reserve
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# Chartrettes
**Chartrettes** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃaʁtʁɛt|-|Fr-Chartrettes.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. The commune is located to the west of the Seine and shares 2 bridges to the neighbouring Bois-Le-Roi.
## Weather
During winter the expected temperature for Chartrettes is 0 --. During spring and autumn it is 5 --). During summer it has a huge bracket from 7 --. It is highly unlikely to snow. It is very humid and sunny. It hardly ever rains and winds reach 32 km/h.
## Population
The inhabitants are called *Chartrettois* in French
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# Edward J. Normand
**Edward J. Normand** is a prominent lawyer known for representing Lloyd\'s of London in the dispute over the extent that its insurance covered the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center.
## Biography.
He grew up in Windham, New Hampshire and attended the Pinkerton Academy in Derry. In 1992, Normand graduated from the College of William and Mary magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa. He then clerked for Marjorie O. Rendell on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and Joseph M. McLaughlin on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. In 1995, he received a J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School, where he served as editor-in-chief of the University of Pennsylvania Law Review. He served as assistant to the Special Master to the United States Supreme Court for the controversy regarding the state sovereignty of Ellis Island. He was a partner at the law firm Boies, Schiller & Flexner. In early 2020, Normand co-founded the law firm of Roche Cyrulnik Freedman, and he currently serves as one of the firm\'s co-chairs.
He demonstrated a passion for the law at an early age, winning the Boston Globe's Constitution Essay Contest while a senior in high school.
## Publications
- *The Supreme Court, EPA and Chevron: The Uncertain Status of Deference to Agency Interpretations of Statutes*, 25 Envtl. L. Rep
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# Plautilla Nelli
**Sister Plautilla Nelli** (1524--1588) was a self-taught nun-artist and the first ever known female Renaissance painter of Florence. She was a nun of the Dominican convent of St. Catherine of Siena located in Piazza San Marco, Florence, and was heavily influenced by the teachings of Savonarola and by the artwork of Fra Bartolomeo.
## Life
Pulisena Margherita Nelli was born into a wealthy family in the San Felice area of Florence. Her father, Piero di Luca Nelli, was a successful fabric merchant and her ancestors originated from the Tuscan valley area of Mugello, as did the Medici dynasty. There is a modern-day street in Florence, Via del Canto de\' Nelli, in the San Lorenzo district, named for her family, and the New Sacristy of the Church of San Lorenzo is the original site of her family homes.
She became a nun at the age of fourteen, taking on the name Suor Plautilla, at the convent of Santa Caterina di Cafaggio; she would later be prioress on three occasions. The facility was managed by the Dominican friars of San Marco, led by Savonarola. About half of all educated girls in that era were placed into convents to avoid the cost of raising a dowry. Savonarola\'s preachings promoted devotional painting and drawing by religious women to avoid sloth, thus the convent became a center for nun-artists. Her sister, also a nun, Costanza, (Suor Petronilla) wrote a life of Savonarola.
Nelli had the favor of many patrons (including women), executing large pieces and miniatures. Sixteenth-century art historian Giorgio Vasari wrote, \"and in the houses of gentlemen throughout Florence, there are so many pictures, that it would be tedious to attempt to speak of them all.\" Fra\' Serafino Razzi, a sixteenth-century Dominican Friar, historian and *Savonaroliano* (disciple of Savonarola), named three nuns of Santa Caterina as disciples of Plautilla, Suor Prudenza Cambi, Suor Agata Trabalesi, Suor Maria Ruggieri, and three others as additional producers: Suor Veronica, Suor Dionisia Niccolini, and his sister Suor Maria Angelica Razzi.
## Art and style {#art_and_style}
Though she was self-taught, she copied works of the mannerist painter Agnolo Bronzino and high Renaissance painter Andrea del Sarto. Her primary source of inspiration came from copying works of Fra Bartolomeo, which mirrored the classicism-style enforced by Savonarola\'s artistic theories. Fra Bartolomeo left his drawings to his pupil, Fra Paolino who, in turn left them in the possession of \"a nun who paints\" in the convent of Santa Caterina da Siena. Nelli signed her paintings as \"Pray for the Paintress\" after her name, confirming her role in spite of her gender.
Her work is distinguished from that of her influencers by the heightened sentiment she added to each of her characters\' expressions. Author Jane Fortune referred to her *Lamentation with Saints* and the \"raw emotional grief surrounding Christ\'s death as depicted through the red eyes and visible tears of its female figures\" as a case in point. Nelli\'s *Lamentation*, which is now in the Museum of San Marco, Florence, is also discussed in *The Painter-Prioress of Renaissance Florence*, by Jonathan K. Nelson.
Most of Nelli\'s works are large-scale, which was most uncommon for a woman to paint, in her era.
She is one of the few female artists mentioned in Vasari\'s *Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects*. Her work is characterized by religious themes, with vivid portrayals of emotion on her characters\' faces. Nelli lacked any formal training and her male figures are said to have "feminine characteristics", as her religious vocation prohibited study of the nude male.
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# Plautilla Nelli
## Works created, rediscovered, and restored {#works_created_rediscovered_and_restored}
Nelli produced mainly devotional pieces including large-scale paintings, wood lunettes, book illustrations, and drawings. Her paintings include *Lamentation with Saints* (in the large refectory, San Marco Museum, restored 2006), *Saint Catherine Receiving the Stigmata* and *Saint Dominic Receiving the Rosary*, in the Andrea del Sarto Last Supper Museum of San Salvi, both restored in 2008. Nelli\'s *Grieving Madonna*, also at San Salvi, is a copy of the same subject by Alessandro Allori. Her *Crucifixion* is exhibited in the Certosa di Galluzzo Monastery, near Florence. *The Last Supper*, in the refectory of Santa Maria Novella, is the only work Nelli signed. Her nine drawings in the Uffizi\'s Department of Prints and Drawings were restored in 2007 and include several representations of the human figure such as *Bust of a Young Woman*, *Head of a Youth* and *Kneeling Male Figure*. The *Pentecost* in Perugia\'s Basilica of San Domenico is another of her most significant works, as are her *Annunciation* and *Saint Catherine of Siena*, both in the Uffizi.
Painted in the 1560s, Nelli\'s *Last Supper* is the first depiction of the subject by a woman. Florence has the richest tradition of paintings of the Last Supper in the world. Her most significant work because of its size and subject, it is a seven meter--long oil painting on canvas. *The Last Supper* was under restoration for four years. The work then went on exhibit in October 2019 at the Santa Maria Novella Museum in Florence, across from Alessandro Allori\'s painting of the subject, also painted in the sixteenth century.
Nelli\'s work represents a daring creative endeavor for a nun-artist of her period, as most were relegated to producing miniatures, textiles, or small sculptures in painted terra cotta or wood. By creating and signing this enormous fresco-like work depicting one of Florence\'s most beloved spiritual subjects, Nelli successfully placed herself among the ranks of her male counterparts, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Andrea del Sarto and Domenico Ghirlandaio, an accomplishment lost to history for many centuries. Due to the recent restoration of the *Lamentation*, there has been more investigation into Nelli\'s life and art.
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# Plautilla Nelli
## Documentary
*The Restoration of Lamentation with Saints: Plautilla Nelli* is a thirty-six-minute documentary on the life of Nelli and on the process of restoring of one of her most significant large-scale paintings. The documentary, produced in 2007 by Art Media Studio, Florence, was developed and funded by The Advancing Women Artists Foundation\'s founder Jane Fortune and The Florence Committee of the National Museum of Women in the Arts.
The documentary explores the preparatory drawings beneath the painting\'s pictorial surface using the process of reflectography. It shows various steps of the restoration project safeguarding the painting against woodworms, found in the painting\'s wood panel and exterminated, and centuries of encrusted dust and dirt. The documentary\'s main protagonists include museum executives and art conservation experts such as the San Marco Museum director Dr. Magnolia Scudieri and Florentine restorer Rossella Lari. The restored painting was completed in October 2006, and unveiled at Florence\'s San Marco Museum where it is exhibited in the large refectory. In her closing comment, Scudieri states, \"Not only can we more clearly see the painting\'s expressive intensity thanks to this restoration, we can also more fully understand the convent life of Plautilla Nelli and her time in Florence.
## PBS television documentary {#pbs_television_documentary}
The Emmy-winning PBS television documentary (June, 2013) *Invisible Women, Forgotten Artists of Florence*, based on Dr. Jane Fortune\'s book by the same title, features a segment on Suor Plautilla Nelli and the restoration of the *Lamentation* *with Saints*. The television special, which spotlights the thousands of works by women in storage in Florence\'s museums, hails the little-known nun-painter as \"the first woman artist of Florence.\"
## Paintings
<File:Plautilla> Nelli, Lamentation with Saints - XVI century, San Marco Museum.jpg\|*Lamentation with Saints* <File:Saint> Catherine Receives the Stigmata.jpg\|*Saint Catherine Receives the Stigmata* <File:Saint> Dominic Receives the Rosary.jpg\|*Saint Dominic Receives the Rosary* <File:Pained> Madonna.png\|*Mater Dolorosa* <File:St>. Catherine of Siena painted by Plautilla Nelli.jpg\|*St. Catherine of Siena* <File:Annunciation> painted by Plautilla Nelli.jpg\|*Annunciation*
## Drawings
<File:Bust> of a Young Woman by Plautilla Nelli.jpg\|*Bust of a Young Woman* <File:Head> of a Youth by Plautilla Nelli.jpg\|*Head of a Youth* <File:Kneeling> Male Figure by Plautilla Nelli
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# Rück's blue flycatcher
\| genus = Cyornis \| species = ruckii \| authority = (Oustalet, 1881) \| synonyms = \**Cyornis vanheysti* Robinson & Kloss, 1919 \| range_map = Cyornis ruckii map.svg \| range_map_caption = Distribution of *C. Ruckii* }}
**Rück\'s blue flycatcher** (***Cyornis ruckii***) is a passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It is known from only four specimens and is endemic to a small area in northeast Sumatra, Indonesia, inhabiting primary lowland forest. Although all specimens share common characteristics, such as a black bill, brown iris, and black feet, two of the collected specimens show some physical discrepancy with the other two. They were initially described as *Cyornis vanheysti* before being accepted as specimens of *C. ruckii*. Rück\'s blue flycatcher has also been compared to other species of *Cyornis*.
The species is listed as \"Critically Endangered\" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as it has not been recorded since 1918. It has been protected by Indonesian law since 1972. It also might have been affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
## Taxonomy
Rück\'s blue flycatcher was first described by the French zoologist Émile Oustalet in 1881, who studied two specimens (adult male and female) in the French National Museum of Natural History. The specimens were sent by Monsieur Rück from a trading port in modern-day Malacca, Malaysia, in 1880. Oustalet named the species after Rück and gave it the binomial name *Cyornis ruckii*. The binomial is sometimes emended to the *Cyornis rueckii*, but this is regarded as an incorrect spelling. Other common names for the species include Rueck\'s blue flycatcher and Rueck\'s niltava.
A further two specimens (adult male and immature male) were collected by A. van Heyst in 1917 and 1918 near Medan, where they were subsequently described as a new species (*Cyornis vanheysti*) by the British zoologists Herbert Robinson and Cecil Kloss in 1919. They also noted their similarity to the specimens described by Oustalet, eventually synonymizing *C. vanheysti* with *C. ruckii*. The specimens reside in the American Museum of Natural History.
The specimens have also been considered as being an aberrant form of the pale blue flycatcher (*Cyornis unicolor*). However, comparisons show that the pale blue flycatcher is different in both color and `{{glossary link|glossary=Glossary of bird terms|topography}}`{=mediawiki}. Rück\'s blue flycatcher is monotypic.
## Description
Rück\'s blue flycatcher is 17 cm in length, with a black bill, brown iris and black feet. Differences between the specimens described by Oustalet and Robinson & Kloss exist. In the Oustalet specimens, the male has dark blue plumage, a blue belly, and a shining blue rump. There is also a small amount of grey coloring on disrupted feathers around the legs. The female has rufous-brown plumage, strong rufous lores, orange-rufous breast and a whitish belly. In the Robinson & Kloss specimens, the immature male has brown-spotted buff plumage with a rufous breast and a whitish center on underparts. The adult male shows some discrepancy with the adult male specimen described by Oustalet; the belly and tail coverts are whitish grey, while the flanks are bluish grey. Additionally, the Robinson & Kloss specimens have slightly larger bills. These differences could be caused by individual variation or due to the specimens being of different subspecies.
## Distribution and habitat {#distribution_and_habitat}
Rück\'s blue flycatcher is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia, around Medan, and presumably has a low population density. The specimens collected by Rück were from primary lowland forest, while the ones collected by van Heyst are thought to be from exploited forest, which might show possible tolerance against habitat degradation, although this is disputed.`{{refn|Nigel Collar states that reviews of earlier texts dispute the origin of the specimens collected by van Heyst, arguing that they almost certainly also come from primary forest.<ref name="kukila" />|group=note}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Rück's blue flycatcher
## Conservation
Last recorded in 1918, and due to ongoing habitat loss, poor surveying, and its small population and limited range, Rück\'s blue flycatcher is evaluated as \"Critically Endangered\" on the IUCN Red List. It is listed in Appendix II of CITES and has been protected under Indonesian law since 1972. In 2013 and 2014, observations in Jambi, Sumatra, revealed a pair of unidentified flycatchers that resembled Rück\'s blue flycatcher, but the possibility of them being white-tailed flycatchers (*Cyornis concretus*) could not be eliminated. Rück\'s blue flycatcher might have been affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, and is also predicted to be extinct with 80% confidence
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# 1958 New York Film Critics Circle Awards
**24th New York Film Critics Circle Awards**\
January 24, 1958\
New York, New York, USA
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**The Defiant Ones**
The **24th New York Film Critics Circle Awards**, honored the best filmmaking of 1958
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# Chartronges
**Chartronges** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃaʁtʁɔ̃ʒ|-|Fr-Chartronges.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## History
The town was first recorded in the 12th century, under the name of Chartronge. At this time, the church dedicated to Saint-Pierre-aux-Liens, was a dependency of the abbey at Solesmes. There was a statue of Saint Barbara in polychrome wood. In 1789, Chartronges was part of the election of Coulommiers and the generality of Paris; it was governed by Meaux Customs.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Chartrongeais*. Demographics of the town have been documented via the population censuses performed by the municipality since 1793, published annually by Insee since 2006. In the census of 2018, the town had 295 inhabitants.
## Typology
According to the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, Chartronges is a rural municipality due to its low population density. It is a part of the Paris metropolitan area.
## Localities and quarters {#localities_and_quarters}
Chartronges has 54 localities.
## Accommodation
In 2017, the municipality had 114 dwellings, 100% of them private places such as townhouses, farmhouses, or pavilions. Of those dwellings, 91.2% were primary residences, 6.1% were second homes, and 2.6% were empty dwellings.
## Climate
The town shares the mild subtropical climate of the central and northern regions of France.
## Natura 2000 community {#natura_2000_community}
The river Vannetin is a Natura 2000 site in the town under the Habitats Directive with an area of 63 hectares (156 acres). Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union. It comprises Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, respectively.
## Land usage {#land_usage}
According to a survey done in 2018, the breakdown of land usage in Chartronges is as follows: arable land (93%), non-agricultural artificial green spaces (3.5%), urbanized areas (3%), heterogeneous agricultural areas (0.4%).
## Planning
In 2019, the municipality had a local urban plan under review
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# Bangalore Choir
**Bangalore Choir** is an American hard rock band formed in 1991. It was formed by former Accept frontman David Reece and guitarists Curt Mitchell and John Kirk (both formerly of Razor Maid). Joining them from Hericane Alice, was bassist Ian Mayo and former Bad Boy drummer Jackie Ramos future members of the band Bad Moon Rising with Whitesnake/Dio guitarist Doug Aldrich and Lion/Tytan vocalist Kal Swann. Their debut album, *On Target*, was produced by Max Norman, and featured songs co written by Jon Bon Jovi and Aldo Nova. Despite having big names involved, the album was not a success and the band split up.
Mayo and Ramos moved on to the band Bad Moon Rising. Mayo also continued with the band Burning Rain. Reece formed the band Sircle of Silence before moving on to a solo career and singing with various bands like Gypsy Rose and Wicked Sensation. Curt Mitchell now is a guitar teacher in Nevada and has his own guitar site.
In 2010, talks of a reunion resurfaced with Reece being the driving force. John Kirk, Ian Mayo, and Jackie Ramos declined offers to join the band again, but Curt Mitchell accepted, as well as original bassist Danny Greenberg. These three original members, along with new guitarist Andy Susemihl (formerly of U.D.O.) and drummer Hans in \'t Zandt, made a new Bangalore Choir album in spring and summer of 2010, called *Cadence*. The album was released in September 2010 through German label AOR Heaven.
In November 2011, David Reece\'s Facebook page stated vocals were completed on a new Bangalore Choir album. This new album, *Metaphor*, was released in April 2012
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# John Junor
**Sir John Donald Brown Junor** (15 January 1919 -- 3 May 1997) was a Scottish journalist and editor-in-chief of the *Sunday Express* between 1954 and 1986, having previously worked as a columnist there. He then moved in 1989 to *The Mail on Sunday*, where he remained until his death.
Noted for his deliberately provocative views, Junor was described by the Conservative MP Julian Critchley as \"possibly the best-known Scotsman in England\" during the 1980s and as \"an ill-natured populist with a taste for common-or-garden abuse.\"
## Early life {#early_life}
Born in Glasgow into a \"Scottish Presbyterian, respectable working class\" family, Junor was raised in what he later described as \"a red-stone tenement in Shannon Street in Maryhill\... \[in\] a two roomed-flat without indoor sanitation\", although by the time he was in his teens he was living with his parents and brothers in a more spacious flat with three rooms and a kitchen in Oban Drive. He attended North Kelvinside Secondary School (later merged into Cleveden Secondary School) before proceeding to study English Literature at Glasgow University.
As a student he was \"violently anti-Fascist, anti-Franco, above all anti-Hitler\", and in 1938 he became president of the university\'s Liberal Club. Shortly before graduation, Junor was recruited by the Liberal Party activist Lady Glen-Coats to accompany her on a fact-finding tour of the Third Reich; they reportedly only managed to escape Germany days before the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939.
During the war Junor had a commission in the Fleet Air Arm, where he edited a station magazine which so impressed the Admiralty that he was invited to become the assistant editor of a new magazine intended for the entire branch of the service. After the original choice for editor, A. P. Herbert, declined to take up the role, Junor was appointed in his place and named the magazine *Flight Deck*. Following demobilisation, he worked for a time in *The Sydney Sun\'s* London office before joining the *Daily Express* in 1947 as a reporter on a salary of 18 guineas a week.
## Journalism
After working at the *Daily Express* for six years, Junor was briefly a deputy editor at the *Evening Standard* before (in 1954) joining the *Sunday Express*, where he was made editor-in-chief and remained for the next 32 years. His *Sunday Express* column (which he continued to write in his years as editor-in-chief) was noted for recurrent catchphrases, two of them being \"pass the sick-bag, Alice\" and \"I don\'t know, but I think we should be told\". Junor frequently mentioned the small town of Auchtermuchty in Fife.
Junor could be brutally forthright in his column. In 1984 he wrote: \"\[W\]ith compatriots like these \[the IRA Brighton bombers\] wouldn\'t you rather admit to being a pig than be Irish?\" Following complaints that the comment was racist, Junor was censured by the Press Council in May 1985.
He was often lampooned in *Private Eye*, which nicknamed him \'Sir Jonah Junor\' and described the *Daily Express* building on Fleet Street as \'the Black Lubyanka\'.
### Contempt of Parliament {#contempt_of_parliament}
On 24 January 1957, Junor was called to the Bar of the House of Commons to be reprimanded for contempt of Parliament -- the last non-politician to be so called. The matter concerned an article about petrol allocation that appeared in the *Sunday Express* on 16 December 1956. Junor apologised:
## Politics
Ambitious for a parliamentary seat, in the 1945 General Election Junor contested Kincardine and Western Aberdeenshire in the Liberal interest, losing to the Conservative candidate by only 642 votes. He then unsuccessfully fought Edinburgh East at a by-election in 1947, and finally was beaten once more at Dundee West in 1951. From that point on he moved away from the Liberals (breaking with the party completely over the Suez crisis) and into the orbit of reactionary, traditional Toryism. He was a vigorous supporter of Margaret Thatcher during her time as Prime Minister, and was knighted on her recommendation in 1980.
| 665 |
John Junor
| 0 |
10,112,291 |
# John Junor
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Junor married Pamela Welsh in 1942, and had two children. The journalist Penny Junor is his daughter, and the journalist Sam Leith his grandson. He was a lifelong supporter of Partick Thistle
| 39 |
John Junor
| 1 |
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# Frédéric Nihous
**Frédéric Nihous** (born 15 August 1967) is a French politician from the Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Traditions (CPNT) party. He was a candidate for the 2007 French presidential election, but was eliminated in the first round of balloting. He was second to last, with 1.15% of votes (420 645 votes).
Born in Valenciennes, his origins are in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, in Northern France, but he lives in the Pyrénées Atlantiques, in south-western France. He was the Secretary General for CPNT starting in 1999 in the European Parliament. In 2002 he was the director of the presidential campaign of Jean Saint-Josse (founder of CPNT). After the election he became the parliamentary assistant to Saint-Josse, and controlled the political direction of the party.
He is married and a father of two
| 129 |
Frédéric Nihous
| 0 |
10,112,313 |
# Châteaubleau
**Châteaubleau** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃatoblo|-|Fr-Châteaubleau.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne département in the Île-de-France région in north-central France.
It is located 16 km west of Provins and 9.5 km north east of Nangis. The inhabitants are called *Castelblotins*.
In the vicinity of the town, there are important Gaulo-Latin ruins, including houses, temples and a theater.
## Châteaubleau tile {#châteaubleau_tile}
An important Gaulish inscription inscribed on a tile was found in the area. It has been interpreted as a curse by Mees, but most scholars (Lambert, Stifter, Meid\...) read it as a kind of wedding proposal.
:
: 1 ne mna liíumi beni ueíonna in corobo uido
: 2 neí anmanbe gniíou ape ni te me uelle íexsetesi
: 3 sue-regenia tu o quprinnopetamebissi íeteta
: 4 miíi íegumi. suante ueíommi petamassi papissone
: 5 sui-rexetesi íegiíinna anmanbe íeguisini
: 6 siaxsiou. beíiassu nebiti mot upiíummi ateri
: 7 xsi ín dore core. nuana íegumisini. beíassu se te
: 8 sue cluiou se dagisamo cele uiro íonoue
: 9 ííobiíe beíiassu se te rega íexstu mi sendi
: 10 me. se tingi papi-ssone beíiassu se te me tingi se
: 11 tingi beíiassu se te regarise íexstu mi sendi
### Partial tentative translation, following Meid {#partial_tentative_translation_following_meid}
:
: 1 I will bring no blame upon (any) woman. Desiring (you) as a wife, I will not openly
: 2 name names in any contracts, so that others may not accuse you of wanting me.
(Much of the rest of the text is unclear, but it seems to include a middle section which involves the suitor\'s purpose to speak to the beloved\'s family (*sue-regenia*, cf. Welsh *rhieini*"parents"), and specifically to make his intentions known (*siaxsiou* corresponding to Old Irish *sïass-*, future of *saigid* \"seak\") to her father (*ateri-xsi*) with hopes of leading to a marriage contract (*in\...cor*).)
Lines 6 and 7: *beíiassu* "I would like to be it (your husband)!"
(The final section seems to express the wish for mutual consent to the marriage, including the following phrases:)
Lines 7 through 9: *se te / sue cluiou* ("if I hear you (say) so,") *se dagisamo cele, uiro íono ueííobííe* ("(and) if you desire a very good husband, (and the) right man") *beíiassu* ("(then) I would like to be it!"). *se te rega* (?)*íexstu mi sendi* (\"(But) tell me this!\")
Lines 10 through 11: *me se tingi papi-ssone beíiassu* ("If you will accept me as your husband, I shall be it!") *se te me tingi, se / tingi, beíiassu* ("If you will accept me, if you (really) will, I shall be it!")*íexstu-mi sendi* (\"(But) you should tell me this")
### Notes
The opening *ne mna(s) liyumi* is literally \"I do not blame women\"; compare Old Irish *líid* "accuses, violates" and *mna^H^* \"women\" (accusative plural), vs *bein* (acc. sg.) reflected in the next Gaulish form *beni*.
The phrase *in corobo uido / neí anmanbe gniíou* is literally "in contracts (compare Old Irish *cor* "contract") publicly (= "wittingly" *uido*) I do not do (*gniíou* compare OIr. *gniu* \"I make, do\") it by name (*anman-* cf. OIr. *ainm* in the dative plural).\"
The rest of line two, *ape ni te me uelle íexsetesi* is literally \""so that they (lit. "you", plur.) could not say that you want me" with *ape* from \**at-k^w^e*, and *íexsetesi* is a second person plural s-subjunctive from the root \**iek-* \"speak\" seen in Welsh *ieith* \"speech.\" The sequence *te me uelle* is Latin, reflecting the mixed Latino-Gualish nature of the text
| 578 |
Châteaubleau
| 0 |
10,112,338 |
# Răzvan Cociș
**Răzvan Vasile Cociș** (`{{IPA|ro|rəzˈvan ˈkotʃiʃ}}`{=mediawiki}; born 19 February 1983) is a Romanian former footballer. He was usually an attacking midfielder but could play in a variety of other midfield positions as well as up-front. He was also well known for his close control.
## Club career {#club_career}
Cociș is one of the graduates of the prolific school of football at Universitatea Cluj where, amongst other teammates, won a national youth title. After earning a regular first team spot at not even 21 years of age, there were rumours that clubs made offers for him, including Stade Rennais FC, but at the end of the season he was sold to Moldovan team Sheriff Tiraspol alongside another player of his generation, George Florescu.
He signed a contract that expired on 31 December 2009 with Lokomotiv, which cost Lokomotiv 2.6 million euros to sign. He scored his first goal in the Russian league against Rubin Kazan. His former clubs include U Cluj and Sheriff Tiraspol. He signed a three-month contract on 1 March 2010 with FC Timişoara until the summer, with option to renewal for 5 years. On 22 May, it was announced that Răzvan Cociș signed a contract with Saudi Arabian side Al-Nassr.
On 25 February 2011, he moved to Ukrainian club Karpaty Lviv on loan from Al-Nassr. He scored his first goal for Karpaty, in their 1--0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk. In June, he signed a permanent deal with Karpaty after the 2010--11 season.
On 14 July 2014 it was announced Cociș had joined Chicago Fire of Major League Soccer. He re-signed with the club on 23 January 2016. On 23 November 2016 Chicago Fire announced they did not exercise his option for the next year.
## International career {#international_career}
Cociș made his national debut on 17 August 2005 against Andorra in a 2--0 win.
### International stats {#international_stats}
National team Year Apps Goals
--------------- ------ ------ -------
Romania 2005 5 0
2006 8 1
2007 5 0
2008 11 1
2009 3 0
2010 7 0
2011 8 0
2012 2 0
2013 1 0
Total 50 2
: Appearances and goals by national team and year
: *Scores and results list Romania\'s goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Cociș goal.*
\# Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
---- ------------------- ------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- -------- -----------------------------------
1 28 February 2006 GSP Stadium, Nicosia, Cyprus **2**--0 2--0 Friendly
2 10 September 2008 Tórsvøllur, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands **1**--0 1--0 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
## Personal
On 13 July 2015 Chicago Fire announced Razvan had received a US green card which qualifies him as a domestic player for MLS roster purposes
| 444 |
Răzvan Cociș
| 0 |
10,112,350 |
# Meerlo
**Meerlo** is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Horst aan de Maas.
## History
The village was first mentioned in the 1180s as Mirlare. The village name is a combination of \"forest pasture\" and swamp. Meerlo developed in the Middle Ages along the Grote Molenbeek. In 1485, it became an independent parish. In 1648, it became part of Spanish Guelders. In 1713, it went to Prussia, and finally in 1815, it became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
The Meerlo Castle existed before 1230. It was destroyed in 1580, rebuilt in 1619, and burnt down in 1752. The count of Hatzfeldt ordered rebuilding of the farms on the castle ground which are now known as \'t Kasteeltje (little castle).
The Catholic John the Baptist Church is a three-aisled church with the tower at the side. It was built in 1934 and 1935 to replace the church from around 1500. In 1944, the tower was blown up and rebuilt in 1954.
Meerlo was home to 520 people in 1840. It was an independent municipality until 1969. It was the seat of the former municipality Meerlo-Wanssum until 2010 when it was merged into Horst aan de Maas.
## Gallery
<File:Huize> Meerlo.jpg\|Villa in Meerlo <File:VOORHEENHUIZEHOOGERS.JPG%7CHouse> in Meerlo <File:Pacha> Mamma.JPG\|Farm in Meerlo <File:Kasteelke> Meerlo1
| 222 |
Meerlo
| 0 |
10,112,351 |
# Zdzisław Żygulski (art historian)
**Zdzisław Żygulski** (18 August 1921 -- 14 May 2015) was a Polish art historian and professor of the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków. The son of Zdzisław Żygulski (senior), he was the curator of the Arms and Armour Section of the Czartoryski Museum from 1949 until his death in 2015 in Kraków, aged 93.
From 1975--81, he was the President of the International Association of Museums of Art and Military History. He lectured at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków and at universities in the United States (in New York City and Storrs, Connecticut).
## Notable books {#notable_books}
- *Broń w dawnej Polsce\...*
- *Muzeum Czartoryskich
| 113 |
Zdzisław Żygulski (art historian)
| 0 |
10,112,352 |
# Albert S. Humphrey
**Albert S. Humphrey** (2 June 1926 -- 31 October 2005) was an American business and management consultant who specialized in organizational management and cultural change. Initially earning degrees in chemical engineering in Illinois, he eventually moved to London.
## Education
Albert Humphrey was educated at the University of Illinois, where he graduated with a B.Sc. in chemical engineering. After this he gained a master\'s degree in chemical engineering at M.I.T. and an MBA at Harvard University.
## Career
Humphrey said that while he worked at the Stanford Research Institute (later SRI International), he was involved with the team that came up with the \"International Executive Seminar in Business Planning\", which became known as TAM (Team Action Management), and also with a team led by Robert Stewart, who published the SOFT framework (as Humphrey described it: \"What is good in the present is Satisfactory, good in the future is an Opportunity; bad in the present is a Fault, and bad in the future is a Threat\"). For a summary of the relationship of SOFT to SWOT analysis, see `{{slink|SWOT analysis#History}}`{=mediawiki}.
During his working life Humphrey acted as consultant to over 100 companies globally. In 2005 he was listed in:
- *Who\'s Who in the World*
- Debrett\'s *People of Today*
- *Who\'s Who in the City*
- *The Directory of Directors*
In 2004 he was listed in the *Who\'s Who in Science and Engineering*, 7th Edition (2003--2004)
| 240 |
Albert S. Humphrey
| 0 |
10,112,359 |
# Château-Landon
**Château-Landon** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃɑto lɑ̃dɔ̃|-|Fr-Paris--Château-Landon.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. The commune contains the Souppes-sur-Loing quarry, where the bright white travertine stones for the construction of the Sacré-Cœur, Paris, were sourced. Formerly the seat of the canton of Château-Landon, it has been part of the canton of Nemours since 2015.
## Population
The inhabitants are called *Chatellandonnais or Castellandonnais* in French
| 70 |
Château-Landon
| 0 |
10,112,385 |
# Melick en Herkenbosch
**Melick en Herkenbosch** is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. It covered the villages of Melick and Herkenbosch.
In 1991, the municipality merged with Vlodrop, and in 1993, it changed its name to Roerdalen
| 41 |
Melick en Herkenbosch
| 0 |
10,112,397 |
# Roxboro, County Limerick
**Roxborough** (Irish: *Baile an Róistigh*) is a townland in County Limerick, Ireland comprising some 24.02 km2. It lies to the south of the townlands of Ballysheedy and Routagh and to the east of the townland of Ballyclough. Its northern boundary, partially bounded by the Ballyclough River, lies some three kilometres to the south of the Limerick City boundary at Southill. The Limerick to Fedamore road (R511) bounds the west side of Roxborough.
Roxborough was historically part of the civil parish of Caheravally and the Barony of Clanwilliam and comprised 526 acres, two roods and five perches. Roxborough is in the Roman Catholic parish of Donoughmore and Knockea, which lies in the Diocese of Limerick. It is also part of the catchment area of South Liberties GAA Club.
Roxborough is designated as an electoral division and contains the following townlands: Ashfort, Ballyclough, Ballysheedy West, Bohereen, Cahervally, Derrybeg, Friarstown, Greenhills, Lemonfield, Lickadoon, Lissanalta, Oatlands, Parkroe, Raheen, Rathuard, Rootiagh, Routagh, Roxborough and Toberyquin. The Roxborough Electoral Division had a population of 1,601 at the Census of Ireland 2011, consisting of 810 males and 791 females and represented a 0.2% decline from the 2006 census.
## History
Baile an Róstigh translates as \"Roche\'s townland\" and this name almost certainly derives from the Roche family who were associated with King James II. Dominic Roche was ennobled by the King and given large tracts of land in Cahervally, including what is now known as Roxborough. He took the title of Viscount Cahervalla.
During the Cromwellian Plantation, all of the Roche lands, including Roxborough, were confiscated and given to the Hollow Sword Blade Company, which, in spite of its name, was a bank. A Colonel Thomas Vereker of Cork purchased the land from the Hollow Sword Blade Company during the reign of Queen Anne and constructed Roxborough House. According to Spellissy, \"he built his mansion in a park laid out with canals, terraces and hedges, in the stiff Dutch fashion.\" His son, Charles Vereker, was created Viscount Gort in 1817. The property was extensively rebuilt by a Major Vereker in 1832 for approximately £1200. It was placed on the market in June 1852 and again in June 1853, when it was possibly purchased by the McMurray family, who were certainly resident by 1862. In the 1870s, John Ripley McMurray, Sub Lieutenant in the 12th Dragoon Guards, of Roxborough House, Limerick and Patrickswell is recorded as owning 1,931 acres in county Limerick. In 1879, its contents were auctioned and it eventually came into the hands of Alexander W. Shaw of The Shaw Bacon Company, Limerick.
Due to the extensive civil unrest of the period following the Acts of Union in 1800 and the Napoleonic Wars, many police barracks were constructed in the region and one was built at Power\'s Cross in Roxborough in the 1830s.
## Education
According to the history of Roxborough National School, Alexander W. Shaw established a school at a dwelling house in 1889. He was in residence at Roxborough House at this time and this dwelling was in fact the Gate Lodge of that house. This school catered for 64 pupils, 40 girls and 24 boys, and a Ms Briget O\'Brien was the first teacher appointed. Construction began on a new school in 1911 and this was opened on 6 May 1912. It is a standard school building type of the period with two classrooms divided by timber and glazed partition. Each room had its own fireplace and the building was fronted by an entrance porch allowing separate access to each room. This building is now on the Limerick County Council list of protected structures. The school continued to grow and a number of prefabricated buildings were added to the site during the 1960s and 1970s. Extensive fundraising, led by the then principal, Sean Marrinan, eventually led to a new school being constructed and opened in 1985. This school is located some 250m south of the 1911 school and is now one of the largest primary schools in Co Limerick.
## Spelling and misuse {#spelling_and_misuse}
The spelling of Roxborough has sometimes been shortened to ***Roxboro***, largely due to the modern spelling of the \"Roxboro Road\" in Limerick City (R511), which runs from the top of William Street all the way out to Roxborough. In more recent years, a number of businesses in the Rathbane and Galvone areas of Limerick City have erroneously begun to use \"Roxboro\" as their address in the belief that that part of the city was once part of the townland of Roxborough. This has been reinforced by the misuse of Roxborough on directional roadsigns on a section of the N18 from the Limerick Tunnel to the Junction 1 exit. It is clearly evidenced on the Ordnance Survey of Ireland\'s 6\" maps (1829--41) that this is not the case
| 802 |
Roxboro, County Limerick
| 0 |
10,112,433 |
# James Tyrrell (writer)
**James Tyrrell** (5 May 1642 -- 17 June 1718) was an English author, Whig political philosopher, and historian.
## Life
James Tyrrell was born in London, the eldest son of Sir Timothy Tyrrell and Elizabeth Tyrrell (née Ussher), the only daughter of Archbishop James Ussher. His younger sister Eleanor married the deist Charles Blount. He lived in Oakley, Buckinghamshire. He was married to Mary Hutchinson (1645-1687), daughter of Sir Michael Hutchinson of Fladbury, Worcestershire. They had at least three children, including James Tyrrell and Mary and another son.
Educated at The Queen\'s College, Oxford (MA, 1663), he became a barrister in 1666 and a justice of the peace in Buckinghamshire. He was deprived of this office by James II for failing to support the Declaration of Indulgence. At the time of the Peace of Rijswijk (1697), he was persuaded back into public service by Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke (Lord Pembroke) to become Commissioner of the Privy Seal.
Tyrrell was a friend and supporter of John Locke, who stayed at Tyrrell\'s home during a period when he was apparently working on his *Two Treatises on Government*. Tyrrell\'s thinking appears to have been influential in the development of Locke\'s, and for a time his writings were more influential than Locke\'s in the emergence of Whig thinking and policies.
When Pierre Des Maizeaux set about compiling *A Collection of Several Pieces of Mr. John Locke*, a posthumous edition of lesser-known works and manuscripts, he recorded his conversations with Tyrrell who spoke at some length about his friend. The manuscript was discovered in 2021.
He spent his later years in Shotover, near Oxford and began building Shotover Park there, where he died on 17 June 1718, though he is buried in the church in Oakley.
According to a memorial to him, \"*He was a man of rare integrity, gravity, and wisdom: had never polished himself out of his sincerity: nor refined his behaviour to the prejudice of his virtue. He was a warm and zealous lover of his country, & of that system of religion and law which he well knew could only support it.*\"
## Works
His *Patriarcha non monarcha* (1681) was a reply to Robert Filmer\'s *Patriarcha*; it also included references to Thomas Hobbes, and was also influenced by Samuel Pufendorf. *A Brief Disquisition of the Law of Nature* was an English abridgment of Richard Cumberland\'s *De legibus naturae*. *Bibliothetica politica* was a huge compendium of Whig constitutional theory.
- *Patriarcha non monarcha. The patriarch unmonarch\'d: being observations on a late treatise and divers other miscellanies, published under the name of Sir Robert Filmer baronet. In which the falseness of those opinions that would make monarchy jure divino are laid open: and the true principles of government and property (especially in our kingdom) asserted. By a lover of truth and of his country*, 1681
- *A brief disquisition of the law of nature, according to the principles laid down in the reverend Dr. Cumberland\'s (now Lord Bishop of Peterborough\'s) Latin treatise on that subject. As also his considerations of Mr. Hobbs\'s principles put into another method*, 1692
- *Bibliotheca politica: or An enquiry into the ancient constitution of the English government; both in respect to the just extent of regal power, and the rights and liberties of the subject. Wherein all the chief arguments, as well against, as for the late revolution, are impartially represented, and considered, in thirteen dialogues. Collected out of the best authors, as well antient as modern \...*, 1694
- *The General History of England, both Eccesiastical and Civil* (5 volumes, published between 1700 and 1704). In which Tyrrell demonstrates that the liberties of the people are not concessions of kings
| 619 |
James Tyrrell (writer)
| 0 |
10,112,445 |
# Le Châtelet-en-Brie
**Le Châtelet-en-Brie** (`{{IPA|fr|lə ʃɑtlɛ ɑ̃ bʁi|lang|Fr-Paris--Le Châtelet-en-Brie.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Population
The inhabitants are called *Châtelains* in French
| 33 |
Le Châtelet-en-Brie
| 0 |
10,112,448 |
# Mesch
**Mesch** (`{{IPA|nl|mɛs}}`{=mediawiki}; *Misj* `{{IPA|li|ˈmɪʃ|}}`{=mediawiki}) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten, quite near to the Netherlands\' the southerly border with Belgium, on the other side of which the neighbouring village of Moelingen is situated. In its northwest, Mesch borders the larger village of Eijsden, whereas the city and municipality of Maastricht lies about 10 km farther to the north. The relatively small Voer river, which has its source in Belgium, passes through this village among other streams and waterways, before draining into the Meuse river at Eijsden. The Mergellandroute, a route often used by tourists and mapped out by the ANWB, also passes through Mesch.
## History
The history of Mesch goes back to the 9th century CE, when a settlement grew around a church which founded by the canons of Aachen. The current church still contains fragments from this earlier building, meaning it is one of the oldest operating churches in the Netherlands. Mesch was categorized as a separate municipality until 1943, when it was merged with Eijsden, and is now part of the Eijsden-Margraten municipality, which was formed in 2011. On September 12, 1944 it was the first village in The Netherlands that was liberated from German occupation in the Second World War.
## Gallery
<File:Mesch-Langstraat> 3 (2).JPG\|A street in Mesch <File:Mesch-Kerkplein> 14.JPG\|House in Mesch <File:Mesch-Klokkestraat> 8 (2).JPG\|House in Mesch <File:Mesch-Moerslag-uitzichttoren> (1)
| 236 |
Mesch
| 0 |
10,112,474 |
# Belfast South (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)
**Belfast South** was a borough constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland from 1921 to 1929. It returned four MPs, using proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
## Boundaries
Belfast South was created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920 and contained the Cromac, Ormeau and Windsor wards of the County Borough of Belfast. The House of Commons (Method of Voting and Redistribution of Seats) Act (Northern Ireland) 1929 divided the constituency into four constituencies elected under first past the post: Belfast Ballynafeigh, Belfast Cromac, Belfast Willowfield and Belfast Windsor.
## Second Dáil {#second_dáil}
In May 1921, Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the self-declared Irish Republic run by Sinn Féin, passed a resolution declaring that elections to the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland would be used as the election for the Second Dáil. All those elected were on the roll of the Second Dáil, but as no Sinn Féin MP was elected for Belfast South, it was not represented there.
## Politics
Belfast South was a strongly Unionist area, returning four Unionists in 1921 and 3 Unionists and 1 Independent Unionist MP in 1925. Even following its abolition, Ballynafeigh, Cromac, and Windsor only ever elected Unionist MPs.
## MPs
+--------------------+---------+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
| Election | Member\ | | Member\ | |
| | (Party) | | (Party) | |
+====================+=========+=========================+=========+=========================+
| MPs\ | | Thomas Moles\ | | Hugh Pollock\ |
| (1921) | | (Ulster Unionist Party) | | (Ulster Unionist Party) |
+--------------------+---------+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
| MPs\ | | | | |
| (1925) | | | | |
+--------------------+---------+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
| MPs\ | | | | |
| (1925 by-election) | | | | |
+--------------------+---------+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
| | | | | |
+--------------------+---------+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
## Election results {#election_results}
Woods declined the seat, having also been elected for Belfast West
| 315 |
Belfast South (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)
| 0 |
10,112,488 |
# Mheer
**Mheer** (`{{IPA|nl|ˈmeːr}}`{=mediawiki}; *Maer*) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten and about 12 km southeast of Maastricht.
## History
The village was first mentioned in the 1170s as de Mere, and means lake. Mheer developed in the Middle Ages on the plateau of Margraten. A castle was built on the highest point belong to the Land of Dalhem. The village became a *heerlijkheid* in 1564.
Meer Castle was first mentioned in 1314. The oldest parts date from the early-14th century. The current complex was finished by 1570. In 1914, an extensive remodelling was planned, but was only partially executed between 1918 and 1923. The park was laid out in 1852.
The Catholic St Lambertus is a single aisled church with needle spire. It was built between 1876 and 1877 according to a design by Pierre Cuypers as a replacement of the 1774 church.
Mheer was home to 405 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1982, when it was merged with Margraten. The municipality also covered Banholt and Terhorst. In 2011, it became part of the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten.
## Gallery
<File:Exterieur> OVERZICHT - Mheer - 20303915 - RCE.jpg\|Mheer Castle <File:Bruisterbosch-Galg> van Mheer (16).jpg\|Gallow of Mheer <File:Mheer> kerk en mei-den 2013.jpg\|St Lambertus Church and maypole <File:Handwerkhuis> Mheer - panoramio
| 223 |
Mheer
| 0 |
10,112,503 |
# Châtenay-sur-Seine
**Châtenay-sur-Seine** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃatnɛ syʁ sɛn|-|Fr-Paris--Châtenay-sur-Seine.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}, literally *Châtenay on Seine*) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Châtenaysiens*
| 31 |
Châtenay-sur-Seine
| 0 |
10,112,520 |
# Ahmad Shah I Wali
**Ahmed Shah Al Wali Bahamani** was the ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate from 1 October 1422 to 17 April 1436, and was a great patron of arts and culture. He brought Persian artisans from Iran, including the metal-worker Abdulla-bin-Kaiser, who was the master of Bidriware, the inlaying of zinc alloy with silver and gold.
## Early life {#early_life}
Ahmed Shah was the son of Daud Shah Bahmani and the grandson of Alauddin Bahman Shah. He was born sometime around 1371. He, along with his brother Firuz, was raised by Muhammad Shah II. The brothers were married to the daughters of Muhammad Shah II.
### Accession of Firuz and killing of Taghalchin {#accession_of_firuz_and_killing_of_taghalchin}
After the birth of Ghiyas-ud-din, Muhammad deemed him the successor to the throne. However, Ghiyas-ud-din was blinded and imprisoned by a Turkish nobleman, Taghalchin, who installed Shams-ud-din as a puppet ruler. Firuz and Ahmed, marched to Gulbarga and Firuz declared himself the new sultan.
On November 15, 1397, Firuz and Ahmed entered the palace with a few armed men on the pretext of paying their respects to the new king. They overpowered the king as well as Taghalchin, and Firuz ascended the turquoise throne, assuming the title of Taj-ud-din Firuz Shah.
### During Firuz Shah\'s reign {#during_firuz_shahs_reign}
After Firuz ascended the throne, he made Ahmad a minister and awarded him the titles of Amir al-umara.
### Rebellion against Firuz {#rebellion_against_firuz}
In 1422, Firuz ordered Ahmad to be blinded, in order to secure the succession for his eldest son Hasan Khan. Ahmad, along with his son Alauddin and his supporters, fled the capital and was pursued by a force of three or four thousand horse, led by Hushyar and Bidar. In the ensuing battle, Ahmad\'s army defeated the army of Hushyar and Bidar, as they fell back to Gulbarga with Ahmad in pursuit.
As Ahmad laid siege to Gulbarga, Firuz, now extremely ill, was carried to the battlefield. Rumours of his death caused many in his army to defect to Ahmad\'s camp. The citadel was surrendered and Firuz abdicated in favour of Ahmad.
## Reign
Ahmed Shah\'s, and his empress\'s, tomb is located in Ashtur village, Bidar District, and is the subject of an annual *urs*, or anniversary of death festival.
During the reign of Ahmed Shah, in 1432, the Bahmani capital shifted to Bidar, and Khwaja Bandenawaz (d. 1422), the most well-known Sufi of the Deccan, is supposed to have been one of the causes for this. The Bahmani kings had close ties with Sufi saints, and Ahmed Shah continued the tradition but he was also considered a saint; the only king to be treated as such by his followers. His tomb in the funerary complex of Ashtur, just outside Bidar, is venerated by Muslims, who consider him to be a wali (friend of God). Ahmed Shah\'s tomb has well-preserved murals and verses from the Quran. *Frontline*
Ahmed Shah fought battles against Vijayanagar (1423), Warangal (1424--1425), Malwa (1425--1435), and against Gujarat (1425--1435).
## Death
Ahmad Shah died in 1435 and was buried in Bidar.
## Beliefs
He was religiously inclined and fond of Sufi saints. He is referred to by the title Wali
| 530 |
Ahmad Shah I Wali
| 0 |
10,112,521 |
# Munstergeleen
**Munstergeleen** (`{{IPA|nl|ˈmʏnstərɣəˌleːn}}`{=mediawiki}; *Munstergelaen* `{{IPA|li|ˈmʏnstəʀɣəˌlɛːn|}}`{=mediawiki}) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Sittard-Geleen, and it lies in the Western Mine Region (*Westelijke Mijnstreek* in Dutch).
## History
No one knows exactly how Munstergeleen was named. However, it is near the city of Geleen and the Dutch word *munster* can refer to a monastery. In the second half of the 12th century Munstergeleen was home to a Roman Catholic institution (called a *proosdij* in Dutch) that was commonly associated with a monastery. Evidence for Munstergeleen\'s early existence is provided by an explicit mention of Munstergeleen in the records of Cloister of St. Gerlach, in Houthem, Netherlands, in the year 1202. The context of the records makes it clear that Munstergeleen had already existed for some time by the beginning of the 13th century.
Munstergeleen was a separate municipality until 1982, when it was merged with Sittard.
During the time that it was a separate municipality, Munstergeleen had its own flag consisting of two equally wide stripes of blue and red and a yellow hoist-triangle along the left-hand edge. A white sword symbolizing Saint Pancratius is centered on the blue stripe, a white pair of pliers symbolizing Saint Apollonia is on the red stripe, and a black snakehead cross from the Sittard Coat of Arms is in the yellow hoist-triangle. This flag is depicted at the \"Flags of the World\" website.
## Churches
Since the majority of people in the province of Limburg are Roman Catholics, it\'s not surprising that both houses of worship in Munstergeleen are Roman Catholic. The primary Roman Catholic church in Munstergeleen is Pancratiuskerk (Pancratius Church) and was built in 1924--25. The church was designed by Nico Ramakers and contains leaded-glass windows by Jacques Verheyen.
Roman Catholic masses are also performed in the Pater Karelkapel (Father Karel Chapel, i.e., Saint Charles of Mount Argus). This chapel was established in 1954, in the barn associated with a half-timbered double watermill. The first of the watermills was built in 1287 on Geleenbeek (Geleen Creek) and the buildings were substantially rebuilt in 1797. Father Karel Houben\'s birthplace is located in this watermill complex.
Munstergeleen includes the hamlet called Abshoven, which was named for a monastery that was built starting in 1716. This monastery burned in 1995 and has recently been restored as a restaurant.
## Environment
The modern-day Munstergeleen is bordered by farmland on the northeast, east and south; and by the city of Sittard/Geleen in the northwest and west. This village occupies 1.8 square miles (4.64 square kilometers) of land area.
A nature preserve called Heemtuin Munstergeleen (meaning \"Munstergeleen\'s garden of native flora\" in Dutch) is a popular place to walk along well-marked paths through the forest and adjacent farmlands. The Heemtuin is home to at least 500 different kinds of plants as well as a farmer\'s herb garden. The Pieterpad, the most well-known walking path in The Netherlands, runs through the farmlands just outside Munstergeleen.
Munstergeleen is almost rural in character; the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics rates Munstergeleen as a 4 on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is completely urban and 5 is completely rural.
## Economy
With exceptions such as the Jan Theelen Recording Studio, Munstergeleen does not have much industry of its own and is known as a quiet bedroom community. Residents of Munstergeleen work (for example) in chemical plants such as those operated by DSM and SABIC in Geleen, the Zuyderland Medical Center in Geleen, the NATO installation in Brunssum, the US Army installation in Schinnen, and the NedCar auto manufacturing plant in Born.
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10,112,521 |
# Munstergeleen
## Statistics
Of the 5090 inhabitants of Munstergeleen, 26% are 25 years of age or younger, 55% are between 25 and 65, and 19% are over 65.
14% of Munstergeleen\'s residents are considered to be immigrants, but this percentage is smaller than the immigrant population of the municipality of Sittard-Geleen, the province of Limburg, or the Netherlands as a whole. Also, Munstergeleen\'s immigrants are more likely to be of western than non-western origin, to a greater degree than the immigrant population of these larger groups. These differences are illustrated in the table below, from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics.
Immigrant Type Munstergeleen (%) Sittard-Geleen (%) Limburg (%) The Netherlands (%)
---------------- ------------------- -------------------- ------------- ---------------------
Western 12 16 14 9
Non-western 2 6 6 11
The housing stock in Munstergeleen is usually worth more, on average, than the residential real estate in the municipality and the province. The following table shows a comparison of values for 2006 and 2007, also from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics. Note that these are the latest dates for which the Central Bureau of Statistics splits out Munstergeleen separately, and thus these statistics should be considered illustrative only.
2006 (Median price, 1000s Euros) 2007 (Median price, 1000s Euros)
----------------- ---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Munstergeleen 207 213
Sittard-Geleen 165 178
Limburg 180 195
The Netherlands 201 217
## Community Activities {#community_activities}
A civic center called "Gemeenschaphuis 'Trefpunt Munstergeleen," which translates to "Munstergeleen Municipal Hall Meeting Point," was built in 1981. The large rooms in this facility are used frequently by community groups or are rented by individual Munstergeleen residents for activities, meetings and parties. Examples of community groups are listed below.
### The Arts {#the_arts}
- Fanfare Juliana Munstergeleen (Marching band Juliana Munstergeleen) is an organization that includes a marching band, drum corps, and youth marching band; and that encourages music education at the local primary school. It was formed in 1908.
- Munsterglaner, a Brass-band/Amusement-band mix that performs at local festivities and among typical Czech bands at festivities outside Munstergeleen, was formed in 1951.
- Schildersclub Munstergeleen (Munstergeleen Painting Club) has been in existence since 1992.
- Toneelgroep Pancratius (Pancratius Theater Group) was formed in 1928.
- Zaate Hermenie Bôntj & Blauw (Drunken Marching Band \"Black & Blue\",*Dutch idiom, literally: \"colorful and blue\"*) was formed in 1990 for the purpose of playing traditional Limburgish music.
### Scouting
- Scoutinggroep Munstergeleen (Munstergeleen Scout Group) has seven programs for boys and girls from ages 5 and up.
### Special Interest Groups {#special_interest_groups}
- De Edelzanger Munstergeleen (The Noble singer Munstergeleen), a birdwatching group, began in 1959.
- Institute Voor Natuurbeschermingseducatie (IVN) Munstergeleen (Institution For Education on environmental protection Munstergeleen) is Munstergeleen\'s chapter of the IVN.
- Oldtimerclub Munstergeleen was formed in 1998 for collecting and riding antique motorized bicycles.
- Zij Actief Limburg (She Active Limburg) is a province-wide women\'s service club with a chapter in Munstergeleen.
### Sports
- Badminton Vereniging Munstergeleen (Munstergeleen Badminton Association)
- Boksclub de Amateur (Boxing Club \"The Amateur\")
- Dartvereniging Bullseye (Bullseye Darts Association)
- Handbalvereniging Sport Vereniging Munstergeleen (Munstergeleen Handball Association)
- Sportsociëteit Reuvers (Reuvers Sports Society; for fitness, swimming, and saunas)
- Tennisclub Munstergeleen (Munstergeleen Tennis Club)
- Voetbalvereniging Sport Vereniging Munstergeleen (Munstergeleen Soccer Association)
### Carnival
- Vastelaoves Vereniging de Haverbüle (Carnival Association \"the Oatsacks\"), an association organizing festivities around the Carnival season (Limburgish: *Vastelaovestied*).
## Born in Munstergeleen {#born_in_munstergeleen}
Munstergeleen was the birthplace of Olympic pole vaulter Rens Blom (1977-), as well as Saint Charles of Mount Argus (1821--1893).
| 584 |
Munstergeleen
| 1 |
10,112,521 |
# Munstergeleen
## Famous inhabitants {#famous_inhabitants}
American singer George McCrae lives one part of the year with his wife in Munstergeleen.
## Photos
<File:PlaatsnaambordMunstergeleen.JPG%7CEntering> Munstergeleen <File:RaadhuisMunstergeleen1.jpg%7CFormer> City Hall <File:KarelhoeveMunstergeleen.jpg%7CFather> Karel Chapel and Birthplace <File:KarelHoubenBeeld.jpg%7CFather> Karel Sculpture <File:PeterstraatMunstergeleen.jpg%7CPeter> Street <File:UitzichtOpMunstergeleen
| 39 |
Munstergeleen
| 2 |
10,112,524 |
# Transforming growth factor beta superfamily
The **transforming growth factor beta** (**TGF-β**) **superfamily** is a large group of structurally related cell regulatory proteins that was named after its first member, TGF-β1, originally described in 1983. They interact with TGF-beta receptors.
Many proteins have since been described as members of the TGF-β superfamily in a variety of species, including invertebrates as well as vertebrates and categorized into 23 distinct gene types that fall into four major subfamilies:
- The TGF-β subfamily
- The bone morphogenetic proteins and the growth differentiation factors
- The activin and inhibin subfamilies
- The left-right determination factors
- A group encompassing various divergent members
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. TGF-beta-1 is a peptide of 112 amino acid residues derived by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal of a precursor protein. These proteins interact with a conserved family of cell surface serine/threonine-specific protein kinase receptors, and generate intracellular signals using a conserved family of proteins called SMADs. They play fundamental roles in the regulation of basic biological processes such as growth, development, tissue homeostasis and regulation of the immune system.
## Structure
Proteins from the TGF-beta superfamily are only active as homo- or heterodimer; the two chains being linked by a single disulfide bond. From X-ray studies of TGF-beta-2, it is known that all the other cysteines are involved in intrachain disulfide bonds. As shown in the following schematic representation, there are four disulfide bonds in the TGF-beta\'s and in inhibin beta chains, while the other members of this superfamily lack the first bond.
` interchain`\
` |`\
` +------------------------------------------|+`\
` | ||`\
`{{not a typo|xxxxcxxxxxCcxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxCx}}`{=mediawiki}\
` | | | | | |`\
` +------+ +--|----------------------------------------+ |`\
` +------------------------------------------+`
where \'C\' denotes a conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond
| 306 |
Transforming growth factor beta superfamily
| 0 |
10,112,533 |
# Dorian Corey
**Dorian Corey** (June 6, 1937 -- August 29, 1993) was an American drag performer and fashion designer. She appeared in *Wigstock* and was featured in Jennie Livingston\'s 1990 documentary *Paris Is Burning*.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Corey was born in Buffalo, New York to Franklin Legg and Mary Fox Clark out of wedlock, though they later married on October 18, 1947. Dorian was born male, but later realized that she was a trans woman. Raised on a farm in Buffalo, Dorian began performing in drag, when leaving the city of Buffalo.
In the 1950s, Corey worked as a window dresser at Hengerer\'s, then moved to New York City to study art at Parsons.
## Career
In the 1960s, Corey toured as a snake dancer in the Pearl Box Revue, a cabaret drag act. She was one of four performers who appeared on the 1972 Pearl Box Revue LP *Call Me MISSter*.
Corey founded the House of Corey, which holds over 50 grand prizes from vogue balls. She was a mother to Angie Xtravaganza who is featured in the film *Paris Is Burning,* (1990).`{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
Corey also ran and designed a clothing label called Corey Design. At one point, Corey\'s act involved her wearing a 30 x feather cape. Once she shed her costume down to a sequined body stocking, two attendants raised the cape up on poles to produce a feathered tent that covered half the audience.
## Death and legacy {#death_and_legacy}
On August 29, 1993, Corey died of AIDS-related complications at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in Manhattan at the age of 56. Corey\'s cremated remains were scattered in the waters off City Island, New York.
Corey\'s legacy remains one of importance to the drag and ballroom communities, and her particular importance in the development of voguing as a cornerstone of New York ballroom culture is venerated and memorialized in the modern day. Corey is remembered by fans, friends and family for her simple philosophy that \"\[e\]verybody wants to make an impression, some mark upon the world. \[\...\] You don\'t have to bend the whole world. I think it\'s better just to enjoy it. Pay your dues, and just enjoy it. If you shoot an arrow and it goes real high, hooray for you.\"
## Robert Worley controversy {#robert_worley_controversy}
After Corey\'s death, the preserved body of Robert Worley (also known as Robert Wells) was found amongst her belongings; it appeared that he had died from a gunshot wound to the head. He was last seen by his family in 1968.
Investigators determined the body to have been dead for approximately 25 years. There is speculation that Worley and Corey were lovers, Worley was abusive toward Corey, and Corey shot Worley in self-defense. Transgender people in New York experienced high rates of domestic abuse at the time. Alternatively, it is also speculated that Worley may have been shot in an attempted robbery. `{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
In the TV series *Pose*, transgender house mother Elektra, who secretly works as a dominatrix in a BDSM club, discovers one of her clients has died from an overdose in her private dungeon. She enlists the aid of other characters to transport, mummify, and hide the body in a trunk. Producer and director Janet Mock confirmed on Twitter that writer Our Lady J based the anthology melodrama on Corey
| 559 |
Dorian Corey
| 0 |
10,112,565 |
# Doug MacDonald
**Douglas Bruce Macdonald** (born February 8, 1969) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.
He was drafted in the fourth round, 77th overall, in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft by the Buffalo Sabres. He played fifteen games in the National Hockey League with the Sabres, scoring one goal. He is currently a pro scout for the Columbus Blue Jackets.
## Personal
Macdonald attended University of Wisconsin, majored in Political Science. He named Mark Messier as his favorite player. He was born to Ian Macdonald and wife Fay Macdonald
| 92 |
Doug MacDonald
| 0 |
10,112,576 |
# Neer
**Neer** is a village in Limburg, Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Leudal, on the river Maas about 8 km north of Roermond.
## History
The village was first mentioned in 1204 as Nere, and refers to the brook Neerbeek. Neer developed in the Early Middle Ages on higher sand grounds along the Neerbeek close to its confluence with the Maas. Neer was first part of the County of Horne and later the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. In 1677, it became a *heerlijkheid*.
The Catholic St Martinus is a three aisled basilica-like church with a tower at a side. It was probably completed around 1400. The church was replaced between 1908 and 1909 in a Gothic Revival style, but the tower remained and was enlarged. The top of the tower was blown up in 1944, and rebuilt in 1954 in a more modest style.
The watermill Friedesse Molen was built in 1617 and served as a grist mill. In the early 1950s, an electro motor was installed. Both the Province and the population of Neer lobbied for a much needed restoration, and in 2002, the watermill was restored and is sometimes in service.
Neer was home to 678 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1991, when it was merged with Roggel. In 2007, it became part of the municipality of Leudal.
## Gallery
Image:KerkNeer.jpg\|Church of Neer <File:Neer> (2485904416).jpg\|Ferry across the Maas <File:Neer> - Hanssum 40b Voormalig bierbrouwerij Theelen.jpg\|Former beer brewery <File:Exterieur> VOORGEVEL - Neer - 20293456 - RCE
| 254 |
Neer
| 0 |
10,112,589 |
# Neeritter
**Neeritter** is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Leudal.
## History
The village was first mentioned in 1143 as \"aliam Iteram que dicitur nova\", and means \"lower lying stream\".
Neeritter developed in the Early Middle Ages along the Itterbeek. In 1584, a semi circular wall was built around the village to protect against the plundering armies during the Eighty Year\'s War. Between 1614 and 1795, it was part of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. In 1839, the border between Netherlands and Belgium was defined, and the Borgitter Castle ended up in Kessenich, Belgium.
The Catholic St Lambertus Church is a three aisled church which has 13th century elements. The tower was enlarged in 1842.
The Armenmolen is watermill. A watermill has been known to exist at the site since 1280. The current mill was built between 1684 and 1687. It went out of service in 1950, and is a residential home since 1972. The water wheel was replaced in 1997.
Neeritter was home to 656 people in 1840. Neeritter was a separate municipality until 1942, when it was merged with Hunsel. In 2007, it became part of the municipality of Leudal.
## Gallery
<File:Armenmolen-02.jpg%7CWater> mill Armenmolen <File:Voorgevels> - Neeritter - 20163484 - RCE.jpg\|Street view <File:Aanzicht> - Neeritter - 20163487 - RCE
| 221 |
Neeritter
| 0 |
10,112,606 |
# Decisiones
***Decisiones*** (`{{IPA|es|desiˈsjones}}`{=mediawiki}, *Decisions*) is a Telemundo-produced Spanish-language television anthology of steamy melodramas about passion and sex in the modern world. The hour-long series features impassioned people thrust into amorous adventures and pushed to their breaking points. Unlike much Spanish-language dramatic fare, each show contains a complete story.
According to Telemundo, these fervid tales are \"inspired by real-life cases of everyday heroes\". The network bills the show as a mix of drama and reality. Telemundo also broadcast English subtitles of many episodes as closed captions on CC3.
*Decisiones*\' first aired on Telemundo from May 9 to August 8, 2005 with Candela Ferro hosting. It returned to the prime-time schedule from September 26, 2005 to April 13, 2007, when it made room for the serial *Sin Vergüenza* (\"*No Shame*\"). A third run began in daytime on August 22, 2007 with the title *Decisiones de mujeres* (*Decisions of Women*) hosted by Rashel Diaz.
On September 4, 2007, a 50-episode season of *Decisiones* began production in Puerto Rico by a division of Telemundo, Telemundo of Puerto Rico Studios. The season debuted on November 12, 2007, hosted by Cynthia Olavarria. As of April, 2008, over 500 episodes of this series had been produced.
Spanish TV buffs sometimes derisively refer to this show as \"Sexiciones,\" due to what they consider crass, excessive eroticism.
It is currently in reruns on Universo (TV channel) in the U.S
| 231 |
Decisiones
| 0 |
10,112,619 |
# Nieuwenhagen
**Nieuwenhagen** is a former village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is now a part of the municipality of Landgraaf.
Nieuwenhagen was a separate municipality until 1982, when it became a part of Landgraaf
| 37 |
Nieuwenhagen
| 0 |
10,112,624 |
# Terri Conn
**Terri Conn** is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Katie Peretti on *As the World Turns*, Christine "Aubrey Wentworth\" Karr on *One Life to Live*, and Ashley Dupree on Breaker High. On July 1, 2011, she married her former *As the World Turns* co-star, Austin Peck. On December 22, 2018, Conn joined the shopping network QVC as a program host.
## Personal background {#personal_background}
In June 2010, Conn and her former *As the World Turns* co-star, Austin Peck officially came out as a couple at the 37th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards. Their relationship was covered in the February 15, 2011 and March 8, 2011 issues of *Soap Opera Digest* magazine. The February Valentine\'s Day issue included an interview with Peck, covering his move to *One Life to Live*, along with his relationship with Conn. The couple were married on July 1, 2011. The couple have two daughters Keira Grace Peck and Morgan Theresa Peck.
## Professional background {#professional_background}
Conn starred in the 2008 movie, *iMurders*, in the role of Sandra Wilson. She also appeared on the Canadian teen show *Breaker High*.
From 1998 to its finale in 2010, Conn portrayed Katie Peretti on CBS\' *As the World Turns*. In December 2010, she joined *One Life to Live* in the newly created role of Aubrey Wentworth, credited under her maiden name, Terri Conn, due to the split from her husband, Arthur Colombino.
## Honors and awards {#honors_and_awards}
In 2001, Conn received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination in the category of Outstanding Younger Actress. She was additionally honored for the same role by *Soap Opera Digest*
| 271 |
Terri Conn
| 0 |
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